Merge branch 'tr/maint-apply-non-git-patch-parsefix' into maint

"git apply" parsed patches that add new files, generated by programs
other than Git, incorrectly.  This is an old breakage in v1.7.11.

* tr/maint-apply-non-git-patch-parsefix:
  apply: carefully strdup a possibly-NULL name
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index bf66648..6669bf0 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 /GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS
 /GIT-CFLAGS
 /GIT-LDFLAGS
-/GIT-GUI-VARS
+/GIT-PREFIX
+/GIT-PYTHON-VARS
+/GIT-SCRIPT-DEFINES
+/GIT-USER-AGENT
 /GIT-VERSION-FILE
 /bin-wrappers/
 /git
@@ -19,6 +22,7 @@
 /git-bundle
 /git-cat-file
 /git-check-attr
+/git-check-ignore
 /git-check-ref-format
 /git-checkout
 /git-checkout-index
@@ -31,6 +35,7 @@
 /git-commit-tree
 /git-config
 /git-count-objects
+/git-credential
 /git-credential-cache
 /git-credential-cache--daemon
 /git-credential-store
@@ -120,7 +125,8 @@
 /git-remote-ftps
 /git-remote-fd
 /git-remote-ext
-/git-remote-testgit
+/git-remote-testpy
+/git-remote-testsvn
 /git-repack
 /git-replace
 /git-repo-config
@@ -166,13 +172,11 @@
 /git-whatchanged
 /git-write-tree
 /git-core-*/?*
-/gitk-git/gitk-wish
 /gitweb/GITWEB-BUILD-OPTIONS
 /gitweb/gitweb.cgi
 /gitweb/static/gitweb.js
 /gitweb/static/gitweb.min.*
 /test-chmtime
-/test-credential
 /test-ctype
 /test-date
 /test-delta
@@ -186,12 +190,15 @@
 /test-mktemp
 /test-parse-options
 /test-path-utils
+/test-regex
 /test-revision-walking
 /test-run-command
 /test-sha1
 /test-sigchain
+/test-string-list
 /test-subprocess
 /test-svn-fe
+/test-wildmatch
 /common-cmds.h
 *.tar.gz
 *.dsc
diff --git a/.mailmap b/.mailmap
index 6303782..48d7acf 100644
--- a/.mailmap
+++ b/.mailmap
@@ -9,7 +9,9 @@
 Alexander Gavrilov <angavrilov@gmail.com>
 Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@gmail.com>
 Brian M. Carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.ath.cx>
+Cheng Renquan <crquan@gmail.com>
 Chris Shoemaker <c.shoemaker@cox.net>
+Dan Johnson <computerdruid@gmail.com>
 Dana L. How <danahow@gmail.com>
 Dana L. How <how@deathvalley.cswitch.com>
 Daniel Barkalow <barkalow@iabervon.org>
@@ -18,14 +20,22 @@
 David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
 Deskin Miller <deskinm@umich.edu>
 Dirk Süsserott <newsletter@dirk.my1.cc>
+Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>
+Erik Faye-Lund <kusmabite@gmail.com> <kusmabite@googlemail.com>
 Fredrik Kuivinen <freku045@student.liu.se>
+Frédéric Heitzmann <frederic.heitzmann@gmail.com>
 H. Peter Anvin <hpa@bonde.sc.orionmulti.com>
 H. Peter Anvin <hpa@tazenda.sc.orionmulti.com>
 H. Peter Anvin <hpa@trantor.hos.anvin.org>
 Horst H. von Brand <vonbrand@inf.utfsm.cl>
 İsmail Dönmez <ismail@pardus.org.tr>
+Jakub Narębski <jnareb@gmail.com>
 Jay Soffian <jaysoffian+git@gmail.com>
+Jeff King <peff@peff.net> <peff@github.com>
 Joachim Berdal Haga <cjhaga@fys.uio.no>
+Johannes Sixt <j6t@kdbg.org> <johannes.sixt@telecom.at>
+Johannes Sixt <j6t@kdbg.org> <j.sixt@viscovery.net>
+Johannes Sixt <j6t@kdbg.org> <J.Sixt@eudaptics.com>
 Jon Loeliger <jdl@freescale.com>
 Jon Seymour <jon@blackcubes.dyndns.org>
 Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu>
@@ -37,12 +47,22 @@
 Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> <junio@kernel.org>
 Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> <junkio@cox.net>
 Karl Hasselström <kha@treskal.com>
+Kevin Leung <kevinlsk@gmail.com>
 Kent Engstrom <kent@lysator.liu.se>
 Lars Doelle <lars.doelle@on-line ! de>
 Lars Doelle <lars.doelle@on-line.de>
 Li Hong <leehong@pku.edu.cn>
+Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> <torvalds@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> <torvalds@osdl.org>
+Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> <torvalds@g5.osdl.org>
+Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> <torvalds@evo.osdl.org>
+Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> <torvalds@ppc970.osdl.org>
+Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> <torvalds@ppc970.osdl.org.(none)>
 Lukas Sandström <lukass@etek.chalmers.se>
-Martin Langhoff <martin@laptop.org>
+Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@gmail.com>
+Mark Rada <marada@uwaterloo.ca>
+Martin Langhoff <martin@laptop.org> <martin@catalyst.net.nz>
+Martin von Zweigbergk <martinvonz@gmail.com> <martin.von.zweigbergk@gmail.com>
 Michael Coleman <tutufan@gmail.com>
 Michael J Gruber <git@drmicha.warpmail.net> <michaeljgruber+gmane@fastmail.fm>
 Michael W. Olson <mwolson@gnu.org>
@@ -51,16 +71,23 @@
 Nanako Shiraishi <nanako3@lavabit.com>
 Nguyễn Thái Ngọc Duy <pclouds@gmail.com>
 <nico@fluxnic.net> <nico@cam.org>
+Peter Krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se> <peter@svarten.intern.softwolves.pp.se>
+Peter Krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se> <peter@softwolves.pp.se>
+Petr Baudis <pasky@ucw.cz> <pasky@suse.cz>
 Philippe Bruhat <book@cpan.org>
+Ralf Thielow <ralf.thielow@gmail.com> <ralf.thielow@googlemail.com>
 Ramsay Allan Jones <ramsay@ramsay1.demon.co.uk>
 René Scharfe <rene.scharfe@lsrfire.ath.cx>
 Robert Fitzsimons <robfitz@273k.net>
+Robert Zeh <robert.a.zeh@gmail.com>
 Sam Vilain <sam@vilain.net>
 Santi Béjar <sbejar@gmail.com>
 Sean Estabrooks <seanlkml@sympatico.ca>
 Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>
 Steven Grimm <koreth@midwinter.com>
+Tay Ray Chuan <rctay89@gmail.com>
 Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
+Thomas Rast <trast@inf.ethz.ch> <trast@student.ethz.ch>
 Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
 Uwe Kleine-König <Uwe_Zeisberger@digi.com>
 Uwe Kleine-König <Uwe.Kleine-Koenig@digi.com>
diff --git a/Documentation/.gitignore b/Documentation/.gitignore
index d62aebd..2c8b2d6 100644
--- a/Documentation/.gitignore
+++ b/Documentation/.gitignore
@@ -9,4 +9,5 @@
 howto-index.txt
 doc.dep
 cmds-*.txt
+mergetools-*.txt
 manpage-base-url.xsl
diff --git a/Documentation/CodingGuidelines b/Documentation/CodingGuidelines
index 4557711..559d5f9 100644
--- a/Documentation/CodingGuidelines
+++ b/Documentation/CodingGuidelines
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 Like other projects, we also have some guidelines to keep to the
-code.  For git in general, three rough rules are:
+code.  For Git in general, three rough rules are:
 
  - Most importantly, we never say "It's in POSIX; we'll happily
    ignore your needs should your system not conform to it."
@@ -18,11 +18,12 @@
    judgement call, the decision based more on real world
    constraints people face than what the paper standard says.
 
+Make your code readable and sensible, and don't try to be clever.
 
 As for more concrete guidelines, just imitate the existing code
 (this is a good guideline, no matter which project you are
 contributing to). It is always preferable to match the _local_
-convention. New code added to git suite is expected to match
+convention. New code added to Git suite is expected to match
 the overall style of existing code. Modifications to existing
 code is expected to match the style the surrounding code already
 uses (even if it doesn't match the overall style of existing code).
@@ -76,11 +77,19 @@
 
  - We do not use Process Substitution <(list) or >(list).
 
+ - Do not write control structures on a single line with semicolon.
+   "then" should be on the next line for if statements, and "do"
+   should be on the next line for "while" and "for".
+
  - We prefer "test" over "[ ... ]".
 
  - We do not write the noiseword "function" in front of shell
    functions.
 
+ - We prefer a space between the function name and the parentheses. The
+   opening "{" should also be on the same line.
+   E.g.: my_function () {
+
  - As to use of grep, stick to a subset of BRE (namely, no \{m,n\},
    [::], [==], nor [..]) for portability.
 
@@ -104,6 +113,14 @@
 
  - We try to keep to at most 80 characters per line.
 
+ - We try to support a wide range of C compilers to compile Git with,
+   including old ones. That means that you should not use C99
+   initializers, even if a lot of compilers grok it.
+
+ - Variables have to be declared at the beginning of the block.
+
+ - NULL pointers shall be written as NULL, not as 0.
+
  - When declaring pointers, the star sides with the variable
    name, i.e. "char *string", not "char* string" or
    "char * string".  This makes it easier to understand code
@@ -148,14 +165,14 @@
 
  - If you are planning a new command, consider writing it in shell
    or perl first, so that changes in semantics can be easily
-   changed and discussed.  Many git commands started out like
+   changed and discussed.  Many Git commands started out like
    that, and a few are still scripts.
 
- - Avoid introducing a new dependency into git. This means you
+ - Avoid introducing a new dependency into Git. This means you
    usually should stay away from scripting languages not already
-   used in the git core command set (unless your command is clearly
+   used in the Git core command set (unless your command is clearly
    separate from it, such as an importer to convert random-scm-X
-   repositories to git).
+   repositories to Git).
 
  - When we pass <string, length> pair to functions, we should try to
    pass them in that order.
@@ -163,8 +180,68 @@
  - Use Git's gettext wrappers to make the user interface
    translatable. See "Marking strings for translation" in po/README.
 
+For Perl programs:
+
+ - Most of the C guidelines above apply.
+
+ - We try to support Perl 5.8 and later ("use Perl 5.008").
+
+ - use strict and use warnings are strongly preferred.
+
+ - Don't overuse statement modifiers unless using them makes the
+   result easier to follow.
+
+	... do something ...
+	do_this() unless (condition);
+        ... do something else ...
+
+   is more readable than:
+
+	... do something ...
+	unless (condition) {
+		do_this();
+	}
+        ... do something else ...
+
+   *only* when the condition is so rare that do_this() will be almost
+   always called.
+
+ - We try to avoid assignments inside "if ()" conditions.
+
+ - Learn and use Git.pm if you need that functionality.
+
+ - For Emacs, it's useful to put the following in
+   GIT_CHECKOUT/.dir-locals.el, assuming you use cperl-mode:
+
+    ;; note the first part is useful for C editing, too
+    ((nil . ((indent-tabs-mode . t)
+                  (tab-width . 8)
+                  (fill-column . 80)))
+     (cperl-mode . ((cperl-indent-level . 8)
+                    (cperl-extra-newline-before-brace . nil)
+                    (cperl-merge-trailing-else . t))))
+
+For Python scripts:
+
+ - We follow PEP-8 (http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/).
+
+ - As a minimum, we aim to be compatible with Python 2.6 and 2.7.
+
+ - Where required libraries do not restrict us to Python 2, we try to
+   also be compatible with Python 3.1 and later.
+
+ - When you must differentiate between Unicode literals and byte string
+   literals, it is OK to use the 'b' prefix.  Even though the Python
+   documentation for version 2.6 does not mention this prefix, it has
+   been supported since version 2.6.0.
+
 Writing Documentation:
 
+ Most (if not all) of the documentation pages are written in the
+ AsciiDoc format in *.txt files (e.g. Documentation/git.txt), and
+ processed into HTML and manpages (e.g. git.html and git.1 in the
+ same directory).
+
  Every user-visible change should be reflected in the documentation.
  The same general rule as for code applies -- imitate the existing
  conventions.  A few commented examples follow to provide reference
@@ -214,3 +291,8 @@
    valid usage.  "*" has its own pair of brackets, because it can
    (optionally) be specified only when one or more of the letters is
    also provided.
+
+  A note on notation:
+   Use 'git' (all lowercase) when talking about commands i.e. something
+   the user would type into a shell and use 'Git' (uppercase first letter)
+   when talking about the version control system and its properties.
diff --git a/Documentation/Makefile b/Documentation/Makefile
index 5d76a84..62dbd9a 100644
--- a/Documentation/Makefile
+++ b/Documentation/Makefile
@@ -1,19 +1,41 @@
-MAN1_TXT= \
-	$(filter-out $(addsuffix .txt, $(ARTICLES) $(SP_ARTICLES)), \
-		$(wildcard git-*.txt)) \
-	gitk.txt gitweb.txt git.txt
-MAN5_TXT=gitattributes.txt gitignore.txt gitmodules.txt githooks.txt \
-	gitrepository-layout.txt gitweb.conf.txt
-MAN7_TXT=gitcli.txt gittutorial.txt gittutorial-2.txt \
-	gitcvs-migration.txt gitcore-tutorial.txt gitglossary.txt \
-	gitdiffcore.txt gitnamespaces.txt gitrevisions.txt gitworkflows.txt
+# Guard against environment variables
+MAN1_TXT =
+MAN5_TXT =
+MAN7_TXT =
+
+MAN1_TXT += $(filter-out \
+		$(addsuffix .txt, $(ARTICLES) $(SP_ARTICLES)), \
+		$(wildcard git-*.txt))
+MAN1_TXT += git.txt
+MAN1_TXT += gitk.txt
+MAN1_TXT += gitremote-helpers.txt
+MAN1_TXT += gitweb.txt
+
+MAN5_TXT += gitattributes.txt
+MAN5_TXT += githooks.txt
+MAN5_TXT += gitignore.txt
+MAN5_TXT += gitmodules.txt
+MAN5_TXT += gitrepository-layout.txt
+MAN5_TXT += gitweb.conf.txt
+
+MAN7_TXT += gitcli.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gitcore-tutorial.txt
 MAN7_TXT += gitcredentials.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gitcvs-migration.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gitdiffcore.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gitglossary.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gitnamespaces.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gitrevisions.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gittutorial-2.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gittutorial.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gitworkflows.txt
 
 MAN_TXT = $(MAN1_TXT) $(MAN5_TXT) $(MAN7_TXT)
 MAN_XML=$(patsubst %.txt,%.xml,$(MAN_TXT))
 MAN_HTML=$(patsubst %.txt,%.html,$(MAN_TXT))
 
-DOC_HTML=$(MAN_HTML)
+OBSOLETE_HTML = git-remote-helpers.html
+DOC_HTML=$(MAN_HTML) $(OBSOLETE_HTML)
 
 ARTICLES = howto-index
 ARTICLES += everyday
@@ -21,11 +43,33 @@
 ARTICLES += git-bisect-lk2009
 # with their own formatting rules.
 SP_ARTICLES = user-manual
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/new-command
 SP_ARTICLES += howto/revert-branch-rebase
 SP_ARTICLES += howto/using-merge-subtree
 SP_ARTICLES += howto/using-signed-tag-in-pull-request
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/use-git-daemon
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/update-hook-example
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/setup-git-server-over-http
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/separating-topic-branches
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/revert-a-faulty-merge
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/rebuild-from-update-hook
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/rebase-from-internal-branch
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/maintain-git
 API_DOCS = $(patsubst %.txt,%,$(filter-out technical/api-index-skel.txt technical/api-index.txt, $(wildcard technical/api-*.txt)))
 SP_ARTICLES += $(API_DOCS)
+
+TECH_DOCS = technical/index-format
+TECH_DOCS += technical/pack-format
+TECH_DOCS += technical/pack-heuristics
+TECH_DOCS += technical/pack-protocol
+TECH_DOCS += technical/protocol-capabilities
+TECH_DOCS += technical/protocol-common
+TECH_DOCS += technical/racy-git
+TECH_DOCS += technical/send-pack-pipeline
+TECH_DOCS += technical/shallow
+TECH_DOCS += technical/trivial-merge
+SP_ARTICLES += $(TECH_DOCS)
 SP_ARTICLES += technical/api-index
 
 DOC_HTML += $(patsubst %,%.html,$(ARTICLES) $(SP_ARTICLES))
@@ -44,9 +88,10 @@
 man7dir=$(mandir)/man7
 # DESTDIR=
 
-ASCIIDOC=asciidoc
+ASCIIDOC = asciidoc
 ASCIIDOC_EXTRA =
 MANPAGE_XSL = manpage-normal.xsl
+XMLTO = xmlto
 XMLTO_EXTRA =
 INSTALL?=install
 RM ?= rm -f
@@ -66,12 +111,6 @@
 -include ../config.mak
 
 #
-# For asciidoc ...
-#	-7.1.2,	set ASCIIDOC7
-#	8.0-,	no extra settings are needed
-#
-
-#
 # For docbook-xsl ...
 #	-1.68.1,	no extra settings are needed?
 #	1.69.0,		set ASCIIDOC_ROFF?
@@ -81,9 +120,6 @@
 #	1.73.0-,	no extra settings are needed
 #
 
-ifndef ASCIIDOC7
-ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -a asciidoc7compatible
-endif
 ifdef DOCBOOK_XSL_172
 ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -a git-asciidoc-no-roff
 MANPAGE_XSL = manpage-1.72.xsl
@@ -134,15 +170,6 @@
 ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -a 'git-default-editor=$(DEFAULT_EDITOR_SQ)'
 endif
 
-#
-# Please note that there is a minor bug in asciidoc.
-# The version after 6.0.3 _will_ include the patch found here:
-#   http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=git&m=111558757202243&w=2
-#
-# Until that version is released you may have to apply the patch
-# yourself - yes, all 6 characters of it!
-#
-
 QUIET_SUBDIR0  = +$(MAKE) -C # space to separate -C and subdir
 QUIET_SUBDIR1  =
 
@@ -173,8 +200,6 @@
 
 html: $(DOC_HTML)
 
-$(DOC_HTML) $(DOC_MAN1) $(DOC_MAN5) $(DOC_MAN7): asciidoc.conf
-
 man: man1 man5 man7
 man1: $(DOC_MAN1)
 man5: $(DOC_MAN5)
@@ -219,7 +244,11 @@
 #
 # Determine "include::" file references in asciidoc files.
 #
-doc.dep : $(wildcard *.txt) build-docdep.perl
+docdep_prereqs = \
+	mergetools-list.made $(mergetools_txt) \
+	cmd-list.made $(cmds_txt)
+
+doc.dep : $(docdep_prereqs) $(wildcard *.txt) build-docdep.perl
 	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
 	$(PERL_PATH) ./build-docdep.perl >$@+ $(QUIET_STDERR) && \
 	mv $@+ $@
@@ -243,29 +272,49 @@
 	$(PERL_PATH) ./cmd-list.perl ../command-list.txt $(QUIET_STDERR) && \
 	date >$@
 
+mergetools_txt = mergetools-diff.txt mergetools-merge.txt
+
+$(mergetools_txt): mergetools-list.made
+
+mergetools-list.made: ../git-mergetool--lib.sh $(wildcard ../mergetools/*)
+	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@ && \
+	$(SHELL_PATH) -c 'MERGE_TOOLS_DIR=../mergetools && \
+		. ../git-mergetool--lib.sh && \
+		show_tool_names can_diff "* " || :' >mergetools-diff.txt && \
+	$(SHELL_PATH) -c 'MERGE_TOOLS_DIR=../mergetools && \
+		. ../git-mergetool--lib.sh && \
+		show_tool_names can_merge "* " || :' >mergetools-merge.txt && \
+	date >$@
+
 clean:
 	$(RM) *.xml *.xml+ *.html *.html+ *.1 *.5 *.7
 	$(RM) *.texi *.texi+ *.texi++ git.info gitman.info
 	$(RM) *.pdf
 	$(RM) howto-index.txt howto/*.html doc.dep
-	$(RM) technical/api-*.html technical/api-index.txt
-	$(RM) $(cmds_txt) *.made
+	$(RM) technical/*.html technical/api-index.txt
+	$(RM) $(cmds_txt) $(mergetools_txt) *.made
 	$(RM) manpage-base-url.xsl
 
-$(MAN_HTML): %.html : %.txt
+$(MAN_HTML): %.html : %.txt asciidoc.conf
 	$(QUIET_ASCIIDOC)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
 	$(ASCIIDOC) -b xhtml11 -d manpage -f asciidoc.conf \
 		$(ASCIIDOC_EXTRA) -agit_version=$(GIT_VERSION) -o $@+ $< && \
 	mv $@+ $@
 
+$(OBSOLETE_HTML): %.html : %.txto asciidoc.conf
+	$(QUIET_ASCIIDOC)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
+	$(ASCIIDOC) -b xhtml11 -f asciidoc.conf \
+		$(ASCIIDOC_EXTRA) -agit_version=$(GIT_VERSION) -o $@+ $< && \
+	mv $@+ $@
+
 manpage-base-url.xsl: manpage-base-url.xsl.in
 	sed "s|@@MAN_BASE_URL@@|$(MAN_BASE_URL)|" $< > $@
 
 %.1 %.5 %.7 : %.xml manpage-base-url.xsl
 	$(QUIET_XMLTO)$(RM) $@ && \
-	xmlto -m $(MANPAGE_XSL) $(XMLTO_EXTRA) man $<
+	$(XMLTO) -m $(MANPAGE_XSL) $(XMLTO_EXTRA) man $<
 
-%.xml : %.txt
+%.xml : %.txt asciidoc.conf
 	$(QUIET_ASCIIDOC)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
 	$(ASCIIDOC) -b docbook -d manpage -f asciidoc.conf \
 		$(ASCIIDOC_EXTRA) -agit_version=$(GIT_VERSION) -o $@+ $< && \
@@ -281,7 +330,7 @@
 	$(QUIET_GEN)cd technical && '$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' ./api-index.sh
 
 technical/%.html: ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -a git-relative-html-prefix=../
-$(patsubst %,%.html,$(API_DOCS) technical/api-index): %.html : %.txt
+$(patsubst %,%.html,$(API_DOCS) technical/api-index $(TECH_DOCS)): %.html : %.txt asciidoc.conf
 	$(QUIET_ASCIIDOC)$(ASCIIDOC) -b xhtml11 -f asciidoc.conf \
 		$(ASCIIDOC_EXTRA) -agit_version=$(GIT_VERSION) $*.txt
 
@@ -326,7 +375,7 @@
 
 howto-index.txt: howto-index.sh $(wildcard howto/*.txt)
 	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
-	'$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' ./howto-index.sh $(wildcard howto/*.txt) >$@+ && \
+	'$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' ./howto-index.sh $(sort $(wildcard howto/*.txt)) >$@+ && \
 	mv $@+ $@
 
 $(patsubst %,%.html,$(ARTICLES)) : %.html : %.txt
@@ -343,8 +392,8 @@
 install-webdoc : html
 	'$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' ./install-webdoc.sh $(WEBDOC_DEST)
 
-# You must have a clone of git-htmldocs and git-manpages repositories
-# next to the git repository itself for the following to work.
+# You must have a clone of 'git-htmldocs' and 'git-manpages' repositories
+# next to the 'git' repository itself for the following to work.
 
 quick-install: quick-install-man
 
@@ -362,4 +411,7 @@
 quick-install-html: require-htmlrepo
 	'$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' ./install-doc-quick.sh $(HTML_REPO) $(DESTDIR)$(htmldir)
 
+print-man1:
+	@for i in $(MAN1_TXT); do echo $$i; done
+
 .PHONY: FORCE
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.5.2.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.5.2.1.txt
index ebf20e2..d41984d 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.5.2.1.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.5.2.1.txt
@@ -45,9 +45,3 @@
   - git-fastimport --import-marks was broken; fixed.
 
   - A lot of documentation updates, clarifications and fixes.
-
---
-exec >/var/tmp/1
-O=v1.5.2-65-g996e2d6
-echo O=`git describe refs/heads/maint`
-git shortlog --no-merges $O..refs/heads/maint
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.0.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.0.2.txt
index e1e24b3..7d8fb85 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.0.2.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.0.2.txt
@@ -79,9 +79,3 @@
   packfile.
 
 Also contains many documentation updates.
-
---
-exec >/var/tmp/1
-O=v1.6.0.1-78-g3632cfc
-echo O=$(git describe maint)
-git shortlog --no-merges $O..maint
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.1.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.1.3.txt
index 6f0bde1..cd08d81 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.1.3.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.1.3.txt
@@ -26,7 +26,3 @@
 * RPM binary package installed the html manpages in a wrong place.
 
 Also includes minor documentation fixes and updates.
-
-
---
-git shortlog --no-merges v1.6.1.2-33-gc789350..
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.1.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.1.4.txt
index 0ce6316..ccbad79 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.1.4.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.1.4.txt
@@ -39,6 +39,3 @@
   This fix was first merged to 1.6.2.3.
 
 Also includes minor documentation fixes and updates.
-
---
-git shortlog --no-merges v1.6.1.3..
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.1.txt
index adb7cca..7b152a6 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.1.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.1.txt
@@ -278,9 +278,3 @@
 
 * "gitweb" did not mark non-ASCII characters imported from external HTML fragments
   correctly.
-
---
-exec >/var/tmp/1
-O=v1.6.1-rc3-74-gf66bc5f
-echo O=$(git describe master)
-git shortlog --no-merges $O..master ^maint
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..577ecca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+Git v1.7.11.1 Release Notes
+===========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.11
+-------------------
+
+ * The cross links in the HTML version of manual pages were broken.
+
+Also contains minor typofixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a0d24d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+Git v1.7.11.2 Release Notes
+===========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.11.1
+---------------------
+
+ * On Cygwin, the platform pread(2) is not thread safe, just like our
+   own compat/ emulation, and cannot be used in the index-pack
+   program.  Makefile variable NO_THREAD_SAFE_PREAD can be defined to
+   avoid use of this function in a threaded program.
+
+ * "git add" allows adding a regular file to the path where a
+   submodule used to exist, but "git update-index" does not allow an
+   equivalent operation to Porcelain writers.
+
+ * "git archive" incorrectly computed the header checksum; the symptom
+   was observed only when using pathnames with hi-bit set.
+
+ * "git blame" did not try to make sure that the abbreviated commit
+   object names in its output are unique.
+
+ * Running "git bundle verify" on a bundle that records a complete
+   history said "it requires these 0 commits".
+
+ * "git clone --single-branch" to clone a single branch did not limit
+   the cloning to the specified branch.
+
+ * "git diff --no-index" did not correctly handle relative paths and
+   did not correctly give exit codes when run under "--quiet" option.
+
+ * "git diff --no-index" did not work with pagers correctly.
+
+ * "git diff COPYING HEAD:COPYING" gave a nonsense error message that
+   claimed that the treeish HEAD did not have COPYING in it.
+
+ * When "git log" gets "--simplify-merges/by-decoration" together with
+   "--first-parent", the combination of these options makes the
+   simplification logic to use in-core commit objects that haven't
+   been examined for relevance, either producing incorrect result or
+   taking too long to produce any output.  Teach the simplification
+   logic to ignore commits that the first-parent traversal logic
+   ignored when both are in effect to work around the issue.
+
+ * "git ls-files --exclude=t -i" did not consider anything under t/ as
+   excluded, as it did not pay attention to exclusion of leading paths
+   while walking the index.  Other two users of excluded() are also
+   updated.
+
+ * "git request-pull $url dev" when the tip of "dev" branch was tagged
+   with "ext4-for-linus" used the contents from the tag in the output
+   but still asked the "dev" branch to be pulled, not the tag.
+
+Also contains minor typofixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..64494f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+Git v1.7.11.3 Release Notes
+===========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.11.3
+---------------------
+
+ * The error message from "git push $there :bogo" (and its equivalent
+   "git push $there --delete bogo") mentioned that we tried and failed
+   to guess what ref is being deleted based on the LHS of the refspec,
+   which we don't.
+
+ * A handful of files and directories we create had tighter than
+   necessary permission bits when the user wanted to have group
+   writability (e.g. by setting "umask 002").
+
+ * "commit --amend" used to refuse amending a commit with an empty log
+   message, with or without "--allow-empty-message".
+
+ * "git commit --amend --only --" was meant to allow "Clever" people to
+   rewrite the commit message without making any change even when they
+   have already changes for the next commit added to their index, but
+   it never worked as advertised since it was introduced in 1.3.0 era.
+
+ * Even though the index can record pathnames longer than 1<<12 bytes,
+   in some places we were not comparing them in full, potentially
+   replacing index entries instead of adding.
+
+ * "git show"'s auto-walking behaviour was an unreliable and
+   unpredictable hack; it now behaves just like "git log" does when it
+   walks.
+
+ * "git diff", "git status" and anything that internally uses the
+   comparison machinery was utterly broken when the difference
+   involved a file with "-" as its name.  This was due to the way "git
+   diff --no-index" was incorrectly bolted on to the system, making
+   any comparison that involves a file "-" at the root level
+   incorrectly read from the standard input.
+
+ * We did not have test to make sure "git rebase" without extra options
+   filters out an empty commit in the original history.
+
+ * "git fast-export" produced an input stream for fast-import without
+   properly quoting pathnames when they contain SPs in them.
+
+ * "git checkout --detach", when you are still on an unborn branch,
+   should be forbidden, but it wasn't.
+
+ * Some implementations of Perl terminates "lines" with CRLF even when
+   the script is operating on just a sequence of bytes.  Make sure to
+   use "$PERL_PATH", the version of Perl the user told Git to use, in
+   our tests to avoid unnecessary breakages in tests.
+
+Also contains minor typofixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3a640c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+Git v1.7.11.4 Release Notes
+===========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.11.3
+---------------------
+
+ * "$GIT_DIR/COMMIT_EDITMSG" file that is used to hold the commit log
+   message user edits was not documented.
+
+ * The advise() function did not use varargs correctly to format
+   its message.
+
+ * When "git am" failed, old timers knew to check .git/rebase-apply/patch
+   to see what went wrong, but we never told the users about it.
+
+ * "git commit-tree" learned a more natural "-p <parent> <tree>" order
+   of arguments long time ago, but recently forgot it by mistake.
+
+ * "git diff --no-ext-diff" did not output anything for a typechange
+   filepair when GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF is in effect.
+
+ * In 1.7.9 era, we taught "git rebase" about the raw timestamp format
+   but we did not teach the same trick to "filter-branch", which rolled
+   a similar logic on its own.
+
+ * When "git submodule add" clones a submodule repository, it can get
+   confused where to store the resulting submodule repository in the
+   superproject's .git/ directory when there is a symbolic link in the
+   path to the current directory.
+
+Also contains minor typofixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.5.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0a2ed85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+Git v1.7.11.5 Release Notes
+===========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.11.4
+---------------------
+
+ * The Makefile rule to create assembly output (primarily for
+   debugging purposes) did not create it next to the source.
+
+ * The code to avoid mistaken attempt to add the object directory
+   itself as its own alternate could read beyond end of a string while
+   comparison.
+
+ * On some architectures, "block-sha1" did not compile correctly
+   when compilers inferred alignment guarantees from our source we
+   did not intend to make.
+
+ * When talking to a remote running ssh on IPv6 enabled host, whose
+   address is spelled as "[HOST]:PORT", we did not parse the address
+   correctly and failed to connect.
+
+ * git-blame.el (in compat/) have been updated to use Elisp more
+   correctly.
+
+ * "git checkout <branchname>" to come back from a detached HEAD state
+   incorrectly computed reachability of the detached HEAD, resulting
+   in unnecessary warnings.
+
+ * "git mergetool" did not support --tool-help option to give the list
+   of supported backends, like "git difftool" does.
+
+ * "git grep" stopped spawning an external "grep" long time ago, but a
+   duplicated test to check internal and external "grep" was left
+   behind.
+
+Also contains minor typofixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.6.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.6.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba7d3c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.6.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+Git v1.7.11.6 Release Notes
+===========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.11.5
+---------------------
+
+ * "ciabot" script (in contrib/) has been updated with extensive
+   documentation.
+
+ * "git foo" errored out with "Not a directory" when the user had a
+   non-directory on $PATH, and worse yet it masked an alias "foo" from
+   running.
+
+ * When the user exports a non-default IFS without HT, scripts that
+   rely on being able to parse "ls-files -s | while read a b c..."
+   started to fail.  Protect them from such a misconfiguration.
+
+ * When the user gives an argument that can be taken as both a
+   revision name and a pathname without disambiguating with "--", we
+   used to give a help message "Use '--' to separate".  The message
+   has been clarified to show where that '--' goes on the command
+   line.
+
+ * Documentation for the configuration file format had a confusing
+   example.
+
+ * Older parts of the documentation described as if having a regular
+   file in .git/refs/ hierarchy were the only way to have branches and
+   tags, which is not true for quite some time.
+
+ * It was generally understood that "--long-option"s to many of our
+   subcommands can be abbreviated to the unique prefix, but it was not
+   easy to find it described for new readers of the documentation set.
+
+ * The "--topo-order", "--date-order" (and the lack of either means
+   the default order) options to "rev-list" and "log" family of
+   commands were poorly described in the documentation.
+
+ * "git commit --amend" let the user edit the log message and then
+   died when the human-readable committer name was given
+   insufficiently by getpwent(3).
+
+ * The exit status code from "git config" was way overspecified while
+   being incorrect.  The implementation has been updated to give the
+   documented status for a case that was documented, and introduce a
+   new code for "all other errors".
+
+ * The output from "git diff -B" for a file that ends with an
+   incomplete line did not put "\ No newline..." on a line of its own.
+
+ * "git diff" had a confusion between taking data from a path in the
+   working tree and taking data from an object that happens to have
+   name 0{40} recorded in a tree.
+
+ * The "--rebase" option to "git pull" can be abbreviated to "-r",
+   but we didn't document it.
+
+ * When "git push" triggered the automatic gc on the receiving end, a
+   message from "git prune" that said it was removing cruft leaked to
+   the standard output, breaking the communication protocol.
+
+ * The reflog entries left by "git rebase" and "git rebase -i" were
+   inconsistent (the interactive one gave an abbreviated object name).
+
+ * "git send-email" did not unquote encoded words that appear on the
+   header correctly, and lost "_" from strings.
+
+ * "git stash apply/pop" did not trigger "rerere" upon conflicts
+   unlike other mergy operations.
+
+ * "git submodule <cmd> path" did not error out when the path to the
+   submodule was misspelt.
+
+ * "git submodule update -f" did not update paths in the working tree
+   that has local changes.
+   (merge 01d4721 sz/submodule-force-update later to maint).
+
+ * "gitweb" when used with PATH_INFO failed to notice directories with
+   SP (and other characters that need URL-style quoting) in them.
+
+ * Fallback 'getpass' implementation made unportable use of stdio API.
+
+ * A utility shell function test_seq has been added as a replacement
+   for the 'seq' utility found on some platforms.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.7.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.7.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e7e79d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.7.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+Git v1.7.11.7 Release Notes
+===========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.11.6
+---------------------
+
+ * The synopsis said "checkout [-B branch]" to make it clear the
+   branch name is a parameter to the option, but the heading for the
+   option description was "-B::", not "-B branch::", making the
+   documentation misleading.
+
+ * Git ships with a fall-back regexp implementation for platforms with
+   buggy regexp library, but it was easy for people to keep using their
+   platform regexp.  A new test has been added to check this.
+
+ * "git apply -p0" did not parse pathnames on "diff --git" line
+   correctly.  This caused patches that had pathnames in no other
+   places to be mistakenly rejected (most notably, binary patch that
+   does not rename nor change mode).  Textual patches, renames or mode
+   changes have preimage and postimage pathnames in different places
+   in a form that can be parsed unambiguously and did not suffer from
+   this problem.
+
+ * After "gitk" showed the contents of a tag, neither "Reread
+   references" nor "Reload" did not update what is shown as the
+   contents of it, when the user overwrote the tag with "git tag -f".
+
+ * "git for-each-ref" did not currectly support more than one --sort
+   option.
+
+ * "git log .." errored out saying it is both rev range and a path
+   when there is no disambiguating "--" is on the command line.
+   Update the command line parser to interpret ".." as a path in such
+   a case.
+
+ * Pushing to smart HTTP server with recent Git fails without having
+   the username in the URL to force authentication, if the server is
+   configured to allow GET anonymously, while requiring authentication
+   for POST.
+
+ * "git show --format='%ci'" did not give timestamp correctly for
+   commits created without human readable name on "committer" line.
+   (merge e27ddb6 jc/maint-ident-missing-human-name later to maint).
+
+ * "git show --quiet" ought to be a synonym for "git show -s", but
+   wasn't.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b8f04af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+Git 1.7.12.1 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.12
+-------------------
+
+ * "git apply -p0" did not parse pathnames on "diff --git" line
+   correctly.  This caused patches that had pathnames in no other
+   places to be mistakenly rejected (most notably, binary patch that
+   does not rename nor change mode).  Textual patches, renames or mode
+   changes have preimage and postimage pathnames in different places
+   in a form that can be parsed unambiguously and did not suffer from
+   this problem.
+
+ * "git cherry-pick A C B" used to replay changes in A and then B and
+   then C if these three commits had committer timestamps in that
+   order, which is not what the user who said "A C B" naturally
+   expects.
+
+ * "git commit --amend" let the user edit the log message and then
+   died when the human-readable committer name was given
+   insufficiently by getpwent(3).
+
+ * Some capabilities were asked by fetch-pack even when upload-pack
+   did not advertise that they are available.  fetch-pack has been
+   fixed not to do so.
+
+ * "git diff" had a confusion between taking data from a path in the
+   working tree and taking data from an object that happens to have
+   name 0{40} recorded in a tree.
+
+ * "git for-each-ref" did not correctly support more than one --sort
+   option.
+
+ * "git log .." errored out saying it is both rev range and a path
+   when there is no disambiguating "--" is on the command line.
+   Update the command line parser to interpret ".." as a path in such
+   a case.
+
+ * The "--topo-order", "--date-order" (and the lack of either means
+   the default order) options to "rev-list" and "log" family of
+   commands were poorly described in the documentation.
+
+ * "git prune" without "-v" used to warn about leftover temporary
+   files (which is an indication of an earlier aborted operation).
+
+ * Pushing to smart HTTP server with recent Git fails without having
+   the username in the URL to force authentication, if the server is
+   configured to allow GET anonymously, while requiring authentication
+   for POST.
+
+ * The reflog entries left by "git rebase" and "git rebase -i" were
+   inconsistent (the interactive one gave an abbreviated object name).
+
+ * When "git push" triggered the automatic gc on the receiving end, a
+   message from "git prune" that said it was removing cruft leaked to
+   the standard output, breaking the communication protocol.
+
+ * "git show --quiet" ought to be a synonym for "git show -s", but
+   wasn't.
+
+ * "git show --format='%ci'" did not give timestamp correctly for
+   commits created without human readable name on "committer" line.
+
+ * "git send-email" did not unquote encoded words that appear on the
+   header correctly, and lost "_" from strings.
+
+ * The interactive prompt "git send-email" gives was error prone. It
+   asked "What e-mail address do you want to use?" with the address it
+   guessed (correctly) the user would want to use in its prompt,
+   tempting the user to say "y". But the response was taken as "No,
+   please use 'y' as the e-mail address instead", which is most
+   certainly not what the user meant.
+
+ * "gitweb" when used with PATH_INFO failed to notice directories with
+   SP (and other characters that need URL-style quoting) in them.
+
+ * When the user gives an argument that can be taken as both a
+   revision name and a pathname without disambiguating with "--", we
+   used to give a help message "Use '--' to separate".  The message
+   has been clarified to show where that '--' goes on the command
+   line.
+
+ * When the user exports a non-default IFS without HT, scripts that
+   rely on being able to parse "ls-files -s | while read a b c..."
+   started to fail.  Protect them from such a misconfiguration.
+
+ * The attribute system may be asked for a path that itself or its
+   leading directories no longer exists in the working tree, and it is
+   fine if we cannot open .gitattribute file in such a case.  Failure
+   to open per-directory .gitattributes with error status other than
+   ENOENT and ENOTDIR should be diagnosed, but it wasn't.
+
+ * After "gitk" showed the contents of a tag, neither "Reread
+   references" nor "Reload" did not update what is shown as the
+   contents of it, when the user overwrote the tag with "git tag -f".
+
+ * "ciabot" script (in contrib/) has been updated with extensive
+   documentation.
+
+ * "git-jump" script (in contrib/) did not work well when
+   diff.noprefix or diff.mnemonicprefix is in effect.
+
+ * Older parts of the documentation described as if having a regular
+   file in .git/refs/ hierarchy were the only way to have branches and
+   tags, which is not true for quite some time.
+
+ * A utility shell function test_seq has been added as a replacement
+   for the 'seq' utility found on some platforms.
+
+ * Compatibility wrapper to learn the maximum number of file
+   descriptors we can open around sysconf(_SC_OPEN_MAX) and
+   getrlimit(RLIMIT_NO_FILE) has been introduced for portability.
+
+ * We used curl_easy_strerror() without checking version of cURL,
+   breaking the build for versions before curl 7.12.0.
+
+ * Code to work around MacOS X UTF-8 gotcha has been cleaned up.
+
+ * Fallback 'getpass' implementation made unportable use of stdio API.
+
+ * The "--rebase" option to "git pull" can be abbreviated to "-r",
+   but we didn't document it.
+
+ * It was generally understood that "--long-option"s to many of our
+   subcommands can be abbreviated to the unique prefix, but it was not
+   easy to find it described for new readers of the documentation set.
+
+ * The synopsis said "checkout [-B branch]" to make it clear the
+   branch name is a parameter to the option, but the heading for the
+   option description was "-B::", not "-B branch::", making the
+   documentation misleading.
+
+Also contains numerous documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6925574
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+Git 1.7.12.2 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.12.1
+---------------------
+
+ * When "git am" is fed an input that has multiple "Content-type: ..."
+   header, it did not grok charset= attribute correctly.
+
+ * Even during a conflicted merge, "git blame $path" always meant to
+   blame uncommitted changes to the "working tree" version; make it
+   more useful by showing cleanly merged parts as coming from the other
+   branch that is being merged.
+
+ * "git blame MAKEFILE" run in a history that has "Makefile" but not
+   "MAKEFILE" should say "No such file MAKEFILE in HEAD", but got
+   confused on a case insensitive filesystem and failed to do so.
+
+ * "git fetch --all", when passed "--no-tags", did not honor the
+   "--no-tags" option while fetching from individual remotes (the same
+   issue existed with "--tags", but combination "--all --tags" makes
+   much less sense than "--all --no-tags").
+
+ * "git log/diff/format-patch --stat" showed the "N line(s) added"
+   comment in user's locale and caused careless submitters to send
+   patches with such a line in them to projects whose project language
+   is not their language, mildly irritating others. Localization to
+   the line has been disabled for now.
+
+ * "git log --all-match --grep=A --grep=B" ought to show commits that
+   mention both A and B, but when these three options are used with
+   --author or --committer, it showed commits that mention either A or
+   B (or both) instead.
+
+ * The subcommand to remove the definition of a remote in "git remote"
+   was named "rm" even though all other subcommands were spelled out.
+   Introduce "git remote remove" to remove confusion, and keep "rm" as
+   a backward compatible synonym.
+
+Also contains a handful of documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ecda427
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+Git 1.7.12.3 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.12.2
+---------------------
+
+ * "git am" mishandled a patch attached as application/octet-stream
+   (e.g. not text/*); Content-Transfer-Encoding (e.g. base64) was not
+   honored correctly.
+
+ * It was unclear in the documentation for "git blame" that it is
+   unnecessary for users to use the "--follow" option.
+
+ * A repository created with "git clone --single" had its fetch
+   refspecs set up just like a clone without "--single", leading the
+   subsequent "git fetch" to slurp all the other branches, defeating
+   the whole point of specifying "only this branch".
+
+ * "git fetch" over http had an old workaround for an unlikely server
+   misconfiguration; it turns out that this hurts debuggability of the
+   configuration in general, and has been reverted.
+
+ * "git fetch" over http advertised that it supports "deflate", which
+   is much less common, and did not advertise the more common "gzip" on
+   its Accept-Encoding header.
+
+ * "git receive-pack" (the counterpart to "git push") did not give
+   progress output while processing objects it received to the puser
+   when run over the smart-http protocol.
+
+ * "git status" honored the ignore=dirty settings in .gitmodules but
+   "git commit" didn't.
+
+Also contains a handful of documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c6da3cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+Git 1.7.12.4 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.12.3
+---------------------
+
+ * "git fetch" over the dumb-http revision walker could segfault when
+   curl's multi interface was used.
+
+ * It was possible to give specific paths for "asciidoc" and other
+   tools in the documentation toolchain, but not for "xmlto".
+
+ * "gitweb" did not give the correct committer timezone in its feed
+   output due to a typo.
+
+ * The "-Xours" (and similarly -Xtheirs) backend option to "git
+   merge -s recursive" was ignored for binary files.  Now it is
+   honored.
+
+ * The "binary" synthetic attribute made "diff" to treat the path as
+   binary, but not "merge".
+
+Also contains many documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..010d8c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+Git v1.7.12 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+Updates since v1.7.11
+---------------------
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * Git can be told to normalize pathnames it read from readdir(3) and
+   all arguments it got from the command line into precomposed UTF-8
+   (assuming that they come as decomposed UTF-8), in order to work
+   around issues on Mac OS.
+
+   I think there still are other places that need conversion
+   (e.g. paths that are read from stdin for some commands), but this
+   should be a good first step in the right direction.
+
+ * Per-user $HOME/.gitconfig file can optionally be stored in
+   $HOME/.config/git/config instead, which is in line with XDG.
+
+ * The value of core.attributesfile and core.excludesfile default to
+   $HOME/.config/git/attributes and $HOME/.config/git/ignore respectively
+   when these files exist.
+
+ * Logic to disambiguate abbreviated object names have been taught to
+   take advantage of object types that are expected in the context,
+   e.g. XXXXXX in the "git describe" output v1.2.3-gXXXXXX must be a
+   commit object, not a blob nor a tree.  This will help us prolong
+   the lifetime of abbreviated object names.
+
+ * "git apply" learned to wiggle the base version and perform three-way
+   merge when a patch does not exactly apply to the version you have.
+
+ * Scripted Porcelain writers now have access to the credential API via
+   the "git credential" plumbing command.
+
+ * "git help" used to always default to "man" format even on platforms
+   where "man" viewer is not widely available.
+
+ * "git clone --local $path" started its life as an experiment to
+   optionally use link/copy when cloning a repository on the disk, but
+   we didn't deprecate it after we made the option a no-op to always
+   use the optimization.  The command learned "--no-local" option to
+   turn this off, as a more explicit alternative over use of file://
+   URL.
+
+ * "git fetch" and friends used to say "remote side hung up
+   unexpectedly" when they failed to get response they expect from the
+   other side, but one common reason why they don't get expected
+   response is that the remote repository does not exist or cannot be
+   read. The error message in this case was updated to give better
+   hints to the user.
+
+ * "git help -w $cmd" can show HTML version of documentation for
+   "git-$cmd" by setting help.htmlpath to somewhere other than the
+   default location where the build procedure installs them locally;
+   the variable can even point at a http:// URL.
+
+ * "git rebase [-i] --root $tip" can now be used to rewrite all the
+   history leading to "$tip" down to the root commit.
+
+ * "git rebase -i" learned "-x <cmd>" to insert "exec <cmd>" after
+   each commit in the resulting history.
+
+ * "git status" gives finer classification to various states of paths
+   in conflicted state and offer advice messages in its output.
+
+ * "git submodule" learned to deal with nested submodule structure
+   where a module is contained within a module whose origin is
+   specified as a relative URL to its superproject's origin.
+
+ * A rather heavy-ish "git completion" script has been split to create
+   a separate "git prompting" script, to help lazy-autoloading of the
+   completion part while making prompting part always available.
+
+ * "gitweb" pays attention to various forms of credits that are
+   similar to "Signed-off-by:" lines in the commit objects and
+   highlights them accordingly.
+
+
+Foreign Interface
+
+ * "mediawiki" remote helper (in contrib/) learned to handle file
+   attachments.
+
+ * "git p4" now uses "Jobs:" and "p4 move" when appropriate.
+
+ * vcs-svn has been updated to clean-up compilation, lift 32-bit
+   limitations, etc.
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, etc. (please report possible regressions)
+
+ * Some tests showed false failures caused by a bug in ecryptofs.
+
+ * We no longer use AsciiDoc7 syntax in our documentation and favor a
+   more modern style.
+
+ * "git am --rebasing" codepath was taught to grab authorship, log
+   message and the patch text directly out of existing commits.  This
+   will help rebasing commits that have confusing "diff" output in
+   their log messages.
+
+ * "git index-pack" and "git pack-objects" use streaming API to read
+   from the object store to avoid having to hold a large blob object
+   in-core while they are doing their thing.
+
+ * Code to match paths with exclude patterns learned to avoid calling
+   fnmatch() by comparing fixed leading substring literally when
+   possible.
+
+ * "git log -n 1 -- rarely-touched-path" was spending unnecessary
+   cycles after showing the first change to find the next one, only to
+   discard it.
+
+ * "git svn" got a large-looking code reorganization at the last
+   minute before the code freeze.
+
+
+Also contains minor documentation updates and code clean-ups.
+
+
+Fixes since v1.7.11
+-------------------
+
+Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v1.7.11 in the maintenance
+releases are contained in this release (see release notes to them for
+details).
+
+ * "git submodule add" was confused when the superproject did not have
+   its repository in its usual place in the working tree and GIT_DIR
+   and GIT_WORK_TREE was used to access it.
+
+ * "git commit --amend" let the user edit the log message and then died
+   when the human-readable committer name was given insufficiently by
+   getpwent(3).
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.0.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.0.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f372fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.0.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+Git v1.8.0.1 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.0
+------------------
+
+ * The configuration parser had an unnecessary hardcoded limit on
+   variable names that was not checked consistently.
+
+ * The "say" function in the test scaffolding incorrectly allowed
+   "echo" to interpret "\a" as if it were a C-string asking for a
+   BEL output.
+
+ * "git mergetool" feeds /dev/null as a common ancestor when dealing
+   with an add/add conflict, but p4merge backend cannot handle
+   it. Work it around by passing a temporary empty file.
+
+ * "git log -F -E --grep='<ere>'" failed to use the given <ere>
+   pattern as extended regular expression, and instead looked for the
+   string literally.
+
+ * "git grep -e pattern <tree>" asked the attribute system to read
+   "<tree>:.gitattributes" file in the working tree, which was
+   nonsense.
+
+ * A symbolic ref refs/heads/SYM was not correctly removed with "git
+   branch -d SYM"; the command removed the ref pointed by SYM
+   instead.
+
+ * Earlier we fixed documentation to hyphenate "remote-tracking branch"
+   to clarify that these are not a remote entity, but unhyphenated
+   spelling snuck in to a few places since then.
+
+ * "git pull --rebase" run while the HEAD is detached tried to find
+   the upstream branch of the detached HEAD (which by definition
+   does not exist) and emitted unnecessary error messages.
+
+ * The refs/replace hierarchy was not mentioned in the
+   repository-layout docs.
+
+ * Sometimes curl_multi_timeout() function suggested a wrong timeout
+   value when there is no file descriptors to wait on and the http
+   transport ended up sleeping for minutes in select(2) system call.
+   A workaround has been added for this.
+
+ * Various rfc2047 quoting issues around a non-ASCII name on the
+   From: line in the output from format-patch have been corrected.
+
+ * "git diff -G<pattern>" did not honor textconv filter when looking
+   for changes.
+
+ * Bash completion script (in contrib/) did not correctly complete a
+   lazy "git checkout $name_of_remote_tracking_branch_that_is_unique"
+   command line.
+
+ * RSS feed from "gitweb" had a xss hole in its title output.
+
+ * "git config --path $key" segfaulted on "[section] key" (a boolean
+   "true" spelled without "=", not "[section] key = true").
+
+ * "git checkout -b foo" while on an unborn branch did not say
+   "Switched to a new branch 'foo'" like other cases.
+
+Also contains other minor fixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.0.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.0.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8497e05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.0.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+Git v1.8.0.2 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.0.1
+--------------------
+
+ * Various codepaths have workaround for a common misconfiguration to
+   spell "UTF-8" as "utf8", but it was not used uniformly.  Most
+   notably, mailinfo (which is used by "git am") lacked this support.
+
+ * We failed to mention a file without any content change but whose
+   permission bit was modified, or (worse yet) a new file without any
+   content in the "git diff --stat" output.
+
+ * When "--stat-count" hides a diffstat for binary contents, the total
+   number of added and removed lines at the bottom was computed
+   incorrectly.
+
+ * When "--stat-count" hides a diffstat for unmerged paths, the total
+   number of affected files at the bottom of the "diff --stat" output
+   was computed incorrectly.
+
+ * "diff --shortstat" miscounted the total number of affected files
+   when there were unmerged paths.
+
+ * "git p4" used to try expanding malformed "$keyword$" that spans
+   across multiple lines.
+
+ * "git update-ref -d --deref SYM" to delete a ref through a symbolic
+   ref that points to it did not remove it correctly.
+
+ * Syntax highlighting in "gitweb" was not quite working.
+
+Also contains other minor fixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.0.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.0.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..92b1e4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.0.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+Git v1.8.0.3 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.0.2
+--------------------
+
+ * "git log -p -S<string>" did not apply the textconv filter while
+   looking for the <string>.
+
+ * In the documentation, some invalid example e-mail addresses were
+   formatted into mailto: links.
+
+Also contains many documentation updates backported from the 'master'
+branch that is preparing for the upcoming 1.8.1 release.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.0.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..43883c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.0.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+Git v1.8.0 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Backward compatibility notes
+----------------------------
+
+In the next major release (not *this* one), we will change the
+behavior of the "git push" command.
+
+When "git push [$there]" does not say what to push, we have used the
+traditional "matching" semantics so far (all your branches were sent
+to the remote as long as there already are branches of the same name
+over there).  We will use the "simple" semantics that pushes the
+current branch to the branch with the same name, only when the current
+branch is set to integrate with that remote branch.  There is a user
+preference configuration variable "push.default" to change this, and
+"git push" will warn about the upcoming change until you set this
+variable in this release.
+
+"git branch --set-upstream" is deprecated and may be removed in a
+relatively distant future.  "git branch [-u|--set-upstream-to]" has
+been introduced with a saner order of arguments.
+
+
+Updates since v1.7.12
+---------------------
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * A credential helper for Win32 to allow access to the keychain of
+   the logged-in user has been added.
+
+ * An initial port to HP NonStop.
+
+ * A credential helper to allow access to the Gnome keyring has been
+   added.
+
+ * When "git am" sanitizes the "Subject:" line, we strip the prefix from
+   "Re: subject" and also from a less common "re: subject", but left
+   the even less common "RE: subject" intact.  Now we strip that too.
+
+ * It was tempting to say "git branch --set-upstream origin/master",
+   but that tells Git to arrange the local branch "origin/master" to
+   integrate with the currently checked out branch, which is highly
+   unlikely what the user meant.  The option is deprecated; use the
+   new "--set-upstream-to" (with a short-and-sweet "-u") option
+   instead.
+
+ * "git cherry-pick" learned the "--allow-empty-message" option to
+   allow it to replay a commit without any log message.
+
+ * After "git cherry-pick -s" gave control back to the user asking
+   help to resolve conflicts, concluding "git commit" used to need to
+   be run with "-s" if the user wants to sign it off; now the command
+   leaves the sign-off line in the log template.
+
+ * "git daemon" learned the "--access-hook" option to allow an
+   external command to decline service based on the client address,
+   repository path, etc.
+
+ * "git difftool --dir-diff" learned to use symbolic links to prepare
+   a temporary copy of the working tree when available.
+
+ * "git grep" learned to use a non-standard pattern type by default if
+   a configuration variable tells it to.
+
+ * Accumulated updates to "git gui" has been merged.
+
+ * "git log -g" learned the "--grep-reflog=<pattern>" option to limit
+   its output to commits with a reflog message that matches the given
+   pattern.
+
+ * "git merge-base" learned the "--is-ancestor A B" option to tell if A is
+   an ancestor of B.  The result is indicated by its exit status code.
+
+ * "git mergetool" now allows users to override the actual command used
+   with the mergetool.$name.cmd configuration variable even for built-in
+   mergetool backends.
+
+ * "git rebase -i" learned the "--edit-todo" option to open an editor
+   to edit the instruction sheet.
+
+
+Foreign Interface
+
+ * "git svn" has been updated to work with SVN 1.7.
+
+ * "git p4" learned the "--conflicts" option to specify what to do when
+   encountering a conflict during "p4 submit".
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, etc.
+
+ * Git ships with a fall-back regexp implementation for platforms with
+   buggy regexp library, but it was easy for people to keep using their
+   platform regexp by mistake.  A new test has been added to check this.
+
+ * The "check-docs" build target has been updated and greatly
+   simplified.
+
+ * The test suite is run under MALLOC_CHECK_ when running with a glibc
+   that supports the feature.
+
+ * The documentation in the TeXinfo format was using indented output
+   for materials meant to be examples that are better typeset in
+   monospace.
+
+ * Compatibility wrapper around some mkdir(2) implementations that
+   reject parameters with trailing slash has been introduced.
+
+ * Compatibility wrapper for systems that lack usable setitimer() has
+   been added.
+
+ * The option parsing of "git checkout" had error checking, dwim and
+   defaulting missing options, all mixed in the code, and issuing an
+   appropriate error message with useful context was getting harder.
+   The code has been reorganized to allow giving a proper diagnosis
+   when the user says "git checkout -b -t foo bar" (e.g. "-t" is not a
+   good name for a branch).
+
+ * Many internal uses of a "git merge-base" equivalent were only to see
+   if one commit fast-forwards to the other, which did not need the
+   full set of merge bases to be computed. They have been updated to
+   use less expensive checks.
+
+ * The heuristics to detect and silently convert latin1 to utf8 when
+   we were told to use utf-8 in the log message has been transplanted
+   from "mailinfo" to "commit" and "commit-tree".
+
+ * Messages given by "git <subcommand> -h" from many subcommands have
+   been marked for translation.
+
+
+Also contains minor documentation updates and code clean-ups.
+
+
+Fixes since v1.7.12
+-------------------
+
+Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v1.7.12 in the
+maintenance track are contained in this release (see release notes
+to them for details).
+
+ * The attribute system may be asked for a path that itself or its
+   leading directories no longer exists in the working tree, and it is
+   fine if we cannot open .gitattribute file in such a case.  Failure
+   to open per-directory .gitattributes with error status other than
+   ENOENT and ENOTDIR should be diagnosed, but it wasn't.
+
+ * When looking for $HOME/.gitconfig etc., it is OK if we cannot read
+   them because they do not exist, but we did not diagnose existing
+   files that we cannot read.
+
+ * When "git am" is fed an input that has multiple "Content-type: ..."
+   header, it did not grok charset= attribute correctly.
+
+ * "git am" mishandled a patch attached as application/octet-stream
+   (e.g. not text/*); Content-Transfer-Encoding (e.g. base64) was not
+   honored correctly.
+
+ * "git blame MAKEFILE" run in a history that has "Makefile" but not
+   "MAKEFILE" should say "No such file MAKEFILE in HEAD", but got
+   confused on a case insensitive filesystem and failed to do so.
+
+ * Even during a conflicted merge, "git blame $path" always meant to
+   blame uncommitted changes to the "working tree" version; make it
+   more useful by showing cleanly merged parts as coming from the other
+   branch that is being merged.
+
+ * It was unclear in the documentation for "git blame" that it is
+   unnecessary for users to use the "--follow" option.
+
+ * Output from "git branch -v" contains "(no branch)" that could be
+   localized, but the code to align it along with the names of
+   branches was counting in bytes, not in display columns.
+
+ * "git cherry-pick A C B" used to replay changes in A and then B and
+   then C if these three commits had committer timestamps in that
+   order, which is not what the user who said "A C B" naturally
+   expects.
+
+ * A repository created with "git clone --single" had its fetch
+   refspecs set up just like a clone without "--single", leading the
+   subsequent "git fetch" to slurp all the other branches, defeating
+   the whole point of specifying "only this branch".
+
+ * Documentation talked about "first line of commit log" when it meant
+   the title of the commit.  The description was clarified by defining
+   how the title is decided and rewording the casual mention of "first
+   line" to "title".
+
+ * "git cvsimport" did not thoroughly cleanse tag names that it
+   inferred from the names of the tags it obtained from CVS, which
+   caused "git tag" to barf and stop the import in the middle.
+
+ * Earlier we made the diffstat summary line that shows the number of
+   lines added/deleted localizable, but it was found irritating having
+   to see them in various languages on a list whose discussion language
+   is English, and this change has been reverted.
+
+ * "git fetch --all", when passed "--no-tags", did not honor the
+   "--no-tags" option while fetching from individual remotes (the same
+   issue existed with "--tags", but the combination "--all --tags" makes
+   much less sense than "--all --no-tags").
+
+ * "git fetch" over http had an old workaround for an unlikely server
+   misconfiguration; it turns out that this hurts debuggability of the
+   configuration in general, and has been reverted.
+
+ * "git fetch" over http advertised that it supports "deflate", which
+   is much less common, and did not advertise the more common "gzip" on
+   its Accept-Encoding header.
+
+ * "git fetch" over the dumb-http revision walker could segfault when
+   curl's multi interface was used.
+
+ * "git gc --auto" notified the user that auto-packing has triggered
+    even under the "--quiet" option.
+
+ * After "gitk" showed the contents of a tag, neither "Reread
+   references" nor "Reload" updated what is shown as the
+   contents of it when the user overwrote the tag with "git tag -f".
+
+ * "git log --all-match --grep=A --grep=B" ought to show commits that
+   mention both A and B, but when these three options are used with
+   --author or --committer, it showed commits that mention either A or
+   B (or both) instead.
+
+ * The "-Xours" backend option to "git merge -s recursive" was ignored
+   for binary files.
+
+ * "git p4", when "--use-client-spec" and "--detect-branches" are used
+   together, misdetected branches.
+
+ * "git receive-pack" (the counterpart to "git push") did not give
+   progress output while processing objects it received to the puser
+   when run over the smart-http protocol.
+
+ * When you misspell the command name you give to the "exec" action in
+   the "git rebase -i" instruction sheet you were told that 'rebase' is not a
+   git subcommand from "git rebase --continue".
+
+ * The subcommand in "git remote" to remove a defined remote was
+   "rm" and the command did not take a fully-spelled "remove".
+
+ * The interactive prompt that "git send-email" gives was error prone. It
+   asked "What e-mail address do you want to use?" with the address it
+   guessed (correctly) the user would want to use in its prompt,
+   tempting the user to say "y". But the response was taken as "No,
+   please use 'y' as the e-mail address instead", which is most
+   certainly not what the user meant.
+
+ * "git show --format='%ci'" did not give the timestamp correctly for
+   commits created without human readable name on the "committer" line.
+
+ * "git show --quiet" ought to be a synonym for "git show -s", but
+   wasn't.
+
+ * "git submodule frotz" was not diagnosed as "frotz" being an unknown
+   subcommand to "git submodule"; the user instead got a complaint
+   that "git submodule status" was run with an unknown path "frotz".
+
+ * "git status" honored the ignore=dirty settings in .gitmodules but
+   "git commit" didn't.
+
+ * "gitweb" did not give the correct committer timezone in its feed
+   output due to a typo.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6cde07b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+Git 1.8.1.1 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.1
+------------------
+
+ * The attribute mechanism didn't allow limiting attributes to be
+   applied to only a single directory itself with "path/" like the
+   exclude mechanism does.
+
+ * When attempting to read the XDG-style $HOME/.config/git/config and
+   finding that $HOME/.config/git is a file, we gave a wrong error
+   message, instead of treating the case as "a custom config file does
+   not exist there" and moving on.
+
+ * After failing to create a temporary file using mkstemp(), failing
+   pathname was not reported correctly on some platforms.
+
+ * http transport was wrong to ask for the username when the
+   authentication is done by certificate identity.
+
+ * The behaviour visible to the end users was confusing, when they
+   attempt to kill a process spawned in the editor that was in turn
+   launched by Git with SIGINT (or SIGQUIT), as Git would catch that
+   signal and die.  We ignore these signals now.
+
+ * A child process that was killed by a signal (e.g. SIGINT) was
+   reported in an inconsistent way depending on how the process was
+   spawned by us, with or without a shell in between.
+
+ * After "git add -N" and then writing a tree object out of the
+   index, the cache-tree data structure got corrupted.
+
+ * "git apply" misbehaved when fixing whitespace breakages by removing
+   excess trailing blank lines in some corner cases.
+
+ * A tar archive created by "git archive" recorded a directory in a
+   way that made NetBSD's implementation of "tar" sometimes unhappy.
+
+ * When "git clone --separate-git-dir=$over_there" is interrupted, it
+   failed to remove the real location of the $GIT_DIR it created.
+   This was most visible when interrupting a submodule update.
+
+ * "git fetch --mirror" and fetch that uses other forms of refspec
+   with wildcard used to attempt to update a symbolic ref that match
+   the wildcard on the receiving end, which made little sense (the
+   real ref that is pointed at by the symbolic ref would be updated
+   anyway).  Symbolic refs no longer are affected by such a fetch.
+
+ * The "log --graph" codepath fell into infinite loop in some
+   corner cases.
+
+ * "git merge" started calling prepare-commit-msg hook like "git
+   commit" does some time ago, but forgot to pay attention to the exit
+   status of the hook.
+
+ * "git pack-refs" that ran in parallel to another process that
+   created new refs had a race that can lose new ones.
+
+ * When a line to be wrapped has a solid run of non space characters
+   whose length exactly is the wrap width, "git shortlog -w" failed
+   to add a newline after such a line.
+
+ * The way "git svn" asked for password using SSH_ASKPASS and
+   GIT_ASKPASS was not in line with the rest of the system.
+
+ * "gitweb", when sorting by age to show repositories with new
+   activities first, used to sort repositories with absolutely
+   nothing in it early, which was not very useful.
+
+ * "gitweb", when sorting by age to show repositories with new
+   activities first, used to sort repositories with absolutely
+   nothing in it early, which was not very useful.
+
+ * When autoconf is used, any build on a different commit always ran
+   "config.status --recheck" even when unnecessary.
+
+ * Some scripted programs written in Python did not get updated when
+   PYTHON_PATH changed.
+
+ * We have been carrying a translated and long-unmaintained copy of an
+   old version of the tutorial; removed.
+
+ * Portability issues in many self-test scripts have been addressed.
+
+
+Also contains other minor fixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ab7b18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+Git 1.8.1.2 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.1.1
+--------------------
+
+ * An element on GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES list that does not name the
+   real path to a directory (i.e. a symbolic link) could have caused
+   the GIT_DIR discovery logic to escape the ceiling.
+
+ * Command line completion for "tcsh" emitted an unwanted space
+   after completing a single directory name.
+
+ * Command line completion leaked an unnecessary error message while
+   looking for possible matches with paths in <tree-ish>.
+
+ * "git archive" did not record uncompressed size in the header when
+   streaming a zip archive, which confused some implementations of unzip.
+
+ * When users spelled "cc:" in lowercase in the fake "header" in the
+   trailer part, "git send-email" failed to pick up the addresses from
+   there. As e-mail headers field names are case insensitive, this
+   script should follow suit and treat "cc:" and "Cc:" the same way.
+
+Also contains various documentation fixes.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..681cb35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+Git 1.8.1.3 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.1.2
+--------------------
+
+ * The attribute mechanism didn't allow limiting attributes to be
+   applied to only a single directory itself with "path/" like the
+   exclude mechanism does.  The fix for this in 1.8.1.2 had
+   performance degradations.
+
+ * Command line completion code was inadvertently made incompatible with
+   older versions of bash by using a newer array notation.
+
+ * Scripts to test bash completion was inherently flaky as it was
+   affected by whatever random things the user may have on $PATH.
+
+ * A fix was added to the build procedure to work around buggy
+   versions of ccache broke the auto-generation of dependencies, which
+   unfortunately is still relevant because some people use ancient
+   distros.
+
+ * We used to stuff "user@" and then append what we read from
+   /etc/mailname to come up with a default e-mail ident, but a bug
+   lost the "user@" part.
+
+ * "git am" did not parse datestamp correctly from Hg generated patch,
+   when it is run in a locale outside C (or en).
+
+ * Attempt to "branch --edit-description" an existing branch, while
+   being on a detached HEAD, errored out.
+
+ * "git cherry-pick" did not replay a root commit to an unborn branch.
+
+ * We forgot to close the file descriptor reading from "gpg" output,
+   killing "git log --show-signature" on a long history.
+
+ * "git rebase --preserve-merges" lost empty merges in recent versions
+   of Git.
+
+ * Rebasing the history of superproject with change in the submodule
+   has been broken since v1.7.12.
+
+ * A failure to push due to non-ff while on an unborn branch
+   dereferenced a NULL pointer when showing an error message.
+
+Also contains various documentation fixes.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..22af1d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+Git 1.8.1.4 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.1.3
+--------------------
+
+ * "git imap-send" talking over imaps:// did make sure it received a
+   valid certificate from the other end, but did not check if the
+   certificate matched the host it thought it was talking to.
+
+Also contains various documentation fixes.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.5.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..efa68ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+Git 1.8.1.5 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.1.4
+--------------------
+
+ * Given a string with a multi-byte character that begins with '-' on
+   the command line where an option is expected, the option parser
+   used just one byte of the unknown letter when reporting an error.
+
+ * In v1.8.1, the attribute parser was tightened too restrictive to
+   error out upon seeing an entry that begins with an ! (exclamation),
+   which may confuse users to expect a "negative match", which does
+   not exist.  This has been demoted to a warning; such an entry is
+   still ignored.
+
+ * "git apply --summary" has been taught to make sure the similarity
+   value shown in its output is sensible, even when the input had a
+   bogus value.
+
+ * "git clean" showed what it was going to do, but sometimes ended
+   up finding that it was not allowed to do so, which resulted in a
+   confusing output (e.g. after saying that it will remove an
+   untracked directory, it found an embedded git repository there
+   which it is not allowed to remove).  It now performs the actions
+   and then reports the outcome more faithfully.
+
+ * "git clone" used to allow --bare and --separate-git-dir=$there
+   options at the same time, which was nonsensical.
+
+ * "git cvsimport" mishandled timestamps at DST boundary.
+
+ * We used to have an arbitrary 32 limit for combined diff input,
+   resulting in incorrect number of leading colons shown when showing
+   the "--raw --cc" output.
+
+ * The smart HTTP clients forgot to verify the content-type that comes
+   back from the server side to make sure that the request is being
+   handled properly.
+
+ * "git help remote-helpers" failed to find the documentation.
+
+ * "gitweb" pages served over HTTPS, when configured to show picon or
+   gravatar, referred to these external resources to be fetched via
+   HTTP, resulting in mixed contents warning in browsers.
+
+Also contains various documentation fixes.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.6.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.6.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c15cf2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.6.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+Git 1.8.1.6 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.1.5
+--------------------
+
+ * An earlier change to the attribute system introduced at v1.8.1.2 by
+   mistake stopped a pattern "dir" (without trailing slash) from
+   matching a directory "dir" (it only wanted to allow pattern "dir/"
+   to also match).
+
+ * The code to keep track of what directory names are known to Git on
+   platforms with case insensitive filesystems can get confused upon a
+   hash collision between these pathnames and looped forever.
+
+ * When the "--prefix" option is used to "checkout-index", the code
+   did not pick the correct output filter based on the attribute
+   setting.
+
+ * Annotated tags outside refs/tags/ hierarchy were not advertised
+   correctly to the ls-remote and fetch with recent version of Git.
+
+ * The logic used by "git diff -M --stat" to shorten the names of
+   files before and after a rename did not work correctly when the
+   common prefix and suffix between the two filenames overlapped.
+
+ * "git update-index -h" did not do the usual "-h(elp)" thing.
+
+ * perl/Git.pm::cat_blob slurped everything in core only to write it
+   out to a file descriptor, which was not a very smart thing to do.
+
+ * The SSL peer verification done by "git imap-send" did not ask for
+   Server Name Indication (RFC 4366), failing to connect SSL/TLS
+   sites that serve multiple hostnames on a single IP.
+
+ * "git bundle verify" did not say "records a complete history" for a
+   bundle that does not have any prerequisites.
+
+Also contains various documentation fixes.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d6f9555
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+Git v1.8.1 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Backward compatibility notes
+----------------------------
+
+In the next major release (not *this* one), we will change the
+behavior of the "git push" command.
+
+When "git push [$there]" does not say what to push, we have used the
+traditional "matching" semantics so far (all your branches were sent
+to the remote as long as there already are branches of the same name
+over there).  We will use the "simple" semantics that pushes the
+current branch to the branch with the same name, only when the current
+branch is set to integrate with that remote branch.  There is a user
+preference configuration variable "push.default" to change this, and
+"git push" will warn about the upcoming change until you set this
+variable in this release.
+
+"git branch --set-upstream" is deprecated and may be removed in a
+relatively distant future.  "git branch [-u|--set-upstream-to]" has
+been introduced with a saner order of arguments to replace it.
+
+
+Updates since v1.8.0
+--------------------
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * Command-line completion scripts for tcsh and zsh have been added.
+
+ * "git-prompt" scriptlet (in contrib/completion) can be told to paint
+   pieces of the hints in the prompt string in colors.
+
+ * Some documentation pages that used to ship only in the plain text
+   format are now formatted in HTML as well.
+
+ * We used to have a workaround for a bug in ancient "less" that
+   causes it to exit without any output when the terminal is resized.
+   The bug has been fixed in "less" version 406 (June 2007), and the
+   workaround has been removed in this release.
+
+ * When "git checkout" checks out a branch, it tells the user how far
+   behind (or ahead) the new branch is relative to the remote tracking
+   branch it builds upon.  The message now also advises how to sync
+   them up by pushing or pulling.  This can be disabled with the
+   advice.statusHints configuration variable.
+
+ * "git config --get" used to diagnose presence of multiple
+   definitions of the same variable in the same configuration file as
+   an error, but it now applies the "last one wins" rule used by the
+   internal configuration logic.  Strictly speaking, this may be an
+   API regression but it is expected that nobody will notice it in
+   practice.
+
+ * A new configuration variable "diff.context" can be used to
+   give the default number of context lines in the patch output, to
+   override the hardcoded default of 3 lines.
+
+ * "git format-patch" learned the "--notes=<ref>" option to give
+   notes for the commit after the three-dash lines in its output.
+
+ * "git log -p -S<string>" now looks for the <string> after applying
+   the textconv filter (if defined); earlier it inspected the contents
+   of the blobs without filtering.
+
+ * "git log --grep=<pcre>" learned to honor the "grep.patterntype"
+   configuration set to "perl".
+
+ * "git replace -d <object>" now interprets <object> as an extended
+   SHA-1 (e.g. HEAD~4 is allowed), instead of only accepting full hex
+   object name.
+
+ * "git rm $submodule" used to punt on removing a submodule working
+   tree to avoid losing the repository embedded in it.  Because
+   recent git uses a mechanism to separate the submodule repository
+   from the submodule working tree, "git rm" learned to detect this
+   case and removes the submodule working tree when it is safe to do so.
+
+ * "git send-email" used to prompt for the sender address, even when
+   the committer identity is well specified (e.g. via user.name and
+   user.email configuration variables).  The command no longer gives
+   this prompt when not necessary.
+
+ * "git send-email" did not allow non-address garbage strings to
+   appear after addresses on Cc: lines in the patch files (and when
+   told to pick them up to find more recipients), e.g.
+
+     Cc: Stable Kernel <stable@k.org> # for v3.2 and up
+
+   The command now strips " # for v3.2 and up" part before adding the
+   remainder of this line to the list of recipients.
+
+ * "git submodule add" learned to add a new submodule at the same
+   path as the path where an unrelated submodule was bound to in an
+   existing revision via the "--name" option.
+
+ * "git submodule sync" learned the "--recursive" option.
+
+ * "diff.submodule" configuration variable can be used to give custom
+   default value to the "git diff --submodule" option.
+
+ * "git symbolic-ref" learned the "-d $symref" option to delete the
+   named symbolic ref, which is more intuitive way to spell it than
+   "update-ref -d --no-deref $symref".
+
+
+Foreign Interface
+
+ * "git cvsimport" can be told to record timezones (other than GMT)
+   per-author via its author info file.
+
+ * The remote helper interface to interact with subversion
+   repositories (one of the GSoC 2012 projects) has been merged.
+
+ * A new remote-helper interface for Mercurial has been added to
+   contrib/remote-helpers.
+
+ * The documentation for git(1) was pointing at a page at an external
+   site for the list of authors that no longer existed.  The link has
+   been updated to point at an alternative site.
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, etc.
+
+ * Compilation on Cygwin with newer header files are supported now.
+
+ * A couple of low-level implementation updates on MinGW.
+
+ * The logic to generate the initial advertisement from "upload-pack"
+   (i.e. what is invoked by "git fetch" on the other side of the
+   connection) to list what refs are available in the repository has
+   been optimized.
+
+ * The logic to find set of attributes that match a given path has
+   been optimized.
+
+ * Use preloadindex in "git diff-index" and "git update-index", which
+   has a nice speedup on systems with slow stat calls (and even on
+   Linux).
+
+
+Also contains minor documentation updates and code clean-ups.
+
+
+Fixes since v1.8.0
+------------------
+
+Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v1.8.0 in the maintenance
+track are contained in this release (see release notes to them for
+details).
+
+ * The configuration parser had an unnecessary hardcoded limit on
+   variable names that was not checked consistently.
+
+ * The "say" function in the test scaffolding incorrectly allowed
+   "echo" to interpret "\a" as if it were a C-string asking for a
+   BEL output.
+
+ * "git mergetool" feeds /dev/null as a common ancestor when dealing
+   with an add/add conflict, but p4merge backend cannot handle
+   it. Work it around by passing a temporary empty file.
+
+ * "git log -F -E --grep='<ere>'" failed to use the given <ere>
+   pattern as extended regular expression, and instead looked for the
+   string literally.
+
+ * "git grep -e pattern <tree>" asked the attribute system to read
+   "<tree>:.gitattributes" file in the working tree, which was
+   nonsense.
+
+ * A symbolic ref refs/heads/SYM was not correctly removed with "git
+   branch -d SYM"; the command removed the ref pointed by SYM
+   instead.
+
+ * Update "remote tracking branch" in the documentation to
+   "remote-tracking branch".
+
+ * "git pull --rebase" run while the HEAD is detached tried to find
+   the upstream branch of the detached HEAD (which by definition
+   does not exist) and emitted unnecessary error messages.
+
+ * The refs/replace hierarchy was not mentioned in the
+   repository-layout docs.
+
+ * Various rfc2047 quoting issues around a non-ASCII name on the
+   From: line in the output from format-patch have been corrected.
+
+ * Sometimes curl_multi_timeout() function suggested a wrong timeout
+   value when there is no file descriptor to wait on and the http
+   transport ended up sleeping for minutes in select(2) system call.
+   A workaround has been added for this.
+
+ * For a fetch refspec (or the result of applying wildcard on one),
+   we always want the RHS to map to something inside "refs/"
+   hierarchy, but the logic to check it was not exactly right.
+   (merge 5c08c1f jc/maint-fetch-tighten-refname-check later to maint).
+
+ * "git diff -G<pattern>" did not honor textconv filter when looking
+   for changes.
+
+ * Some HTTP servers ask for auth only during the actual packing phase
+   (not in ls-remote phase); this is not really a recommended
+   configuration, but the clients used to fail to authenticate with
+   such servers.
+   (merge 2e736fd jk/maint-http-half-auth-fetch later to maint).
+
+ * "git p4" used to try expanding malformed "$keyword$" that spans
+   across multiple lines.
+
+ * Syntax highlighting in "gitweb" was not quite working.
+
+ * RSS feed from "gitweb" had a xss hole in its title output.
+
+ * "git config --path $key" segfaulted on "[section] key" (a boolean
+   "true" spelled without "=", not "[section] key = true").
+
+ * "git checkout -b foo" while on an unborn branch did not say
+   "Switched to a new branch 'foo'" like other cases.
+
+ * Various codepaths have workaround for a common misconfiguration to
+   spell "UTF-8" as "utf8", but it was not used uniformly.  Most
+   notably, mailinfo (which is used by "git am") lacked this support.
+
+ * We failed to mention a file without any content change but whose
+   permission bit was modified, or (worse yet) a new file without any
+   content in the "git diff --stat" output.
+
+ * When "--stat-count" hides a diffstat for binary contents, the total
+   number of added and removed lines at the bottom was computed
+   incorrectly.
+
+ * When "--stat-count" hides a diffstat for unmerged paths, the total
+   number of affected files at the bottom of the "diff --stat" output
+   was computed incorrectly.
+
+ * "diff --shortstat" miscounted the total number of affected files
+   when there were unmerged paths.
+
+ * "update-ref -d --deref SYM" to delete a ref through a symbolic ref
+   that points to it did not remove it correctly.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1354ad0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+Git v1.8.2.1 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.2
+------------------
+
+ * An earlier change to the attribute system introduced at v1.8.1.2 by
+   mistake stopped a pattern "dir" (without trailing slash) from
+   matching a directory "dir" (it only wanted to allow pattern "dir/"
+   to also match).
+
+ * Verification of signed tags were not done correctly when not in C
+   or en/US locale.
+
+ * 'git commit -m "$msg"' used to add an extra newline even when
+   $msg already ended with one.
+
+ * The "--match=<pattern>" option of "git describe", when used with
+   "--all" to allow refs that are not annotated tags to be used as a
+   base of description, did not restrict the output from the command
+   to those that match the given pattern.
+
+ * An aliased command spawned from a bare repository that does not say
+   it is bare with "core.bare = yes" is treated as non-bare by mistake.
+
+ * When "format-patch" quoted a non-ascii strings on the header files,
+   it incorrectly applied rfc2047 and chopped a single character in
+   the middle of it.
+
+ * "git archive" reports a failure when asked to create an archive out
+   of an empty tree.  It would be more intuitive to give an empty
+   archive back in such a case.
+
+ * "git tag -f <tag>" always said "Updated tag '<tag>'" even when
+   creating a new tag (i.e. not overwriting nor updating).
+
+ * "git cmd -- ':(top'" was not diagnosed as an invalid syntax, and
+   instead the parser kept reading beyond the end of the string.
+
+ * Annotated tags outside refs/tags/ hierarchy were not advertised
+   correctly to the ls-remote and fetch with recent version of Git.
+
+ * The code to keep track of what directory names are known to Git on
+   platforms with case insensitive filesystems can get confused upon a
+   hash collision between these pathnames and looped forever.
+
+ * The logic used by "git diff -M --stat" to shorten the names of
+   files before and after a rename did not work correctly when the
+   common prefix and suffix between the two filenames overlapped.
+
+ * "git submodule update", when recursed into sub-submodules, did not
+   acccumulate the prefix paths.
+
+ * "git am $maildir/" applied messages in an unexpected order; sort
+   filenames read from the maildir/ in a way that is more likely to
+   sort messages in the order the writing MUA meant to, by sorting
+   numeric segment in numeric order and non-numeric segment in
+   alphabetical order.
+
+ * When export-subst is used, "zip" output recorded incorrect
+   size of the file.
+
+ * Some platforms and users spell UTF-8 differently; retry with the
+   most official "UTF-8" when the system does not understand the
+   user-supplied encoding name that are the common alternative
+   spellings of UTF-8.
+
+ * "git branch" did not bother to check nonsense command line
+   parameters and issue errors in many cases.
+
+ * "git update-index -h" did not do the usual "-h(elp)" thing.
+
+ * perl/Git.pm::cat_blob slurped everything in core only to write it
+   out to a file descriptor, which was not a very smart thing to do.
+
+ * The SSL peer verification done by "git imap-send" did not ask for
+   Server Name Indication (RFC 4366), failing to connect SSL/TLS
+   sites that serve multiple hostnames on a single IP.
+
+ * "git index-pack" had a buffer-overflow while preparing an
+   informational message when the translated version of it was too
+   long.
+
+ * Clarify in the documentation "what" gets pushed to "where" when the
+   command line to "git push" does not say these explicitly.
+
+ * In "git reflog expire", REACHABLE bit was not cleared from the
+   correct objects.
+
+ * The "--color=<when>" argument to the commands in the diff family
+   was described poorly.
+
+ * The arguments given to pre-rebase hook were not documented.
+
+ * The v4 index format was not documented.
+
+ * The "--match=<pattern>" argument "git describe" takes uses glob
+   pattern but it wasn't obvious from the documentation.
+
+ * Some sources failed to compile on systems that lack NI_MAXHOST in
+   their system header (e.g. z/OS).
+
+ * Add an example use of "--env-filter" in "filter-branch"
+   documentation.
+
+ * "git bundle verify" did not say "records a complete history" for a
+   bundle that does not have any prerequisites.
+
+ * In the v1.8.0 era, we changed symbols that do not have to be global
+   to file scope static, but a few functions in graph.c were used by
+   CGit from sideways bypassing the entry points of the API the
+   in-tree users use.
+
+ * "git merge-tree" had a typo in the logic to detect d/f conflicts,
+   which caused it to segfault in some cases.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dab4831
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+Git v1.8.2.2 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.2.1
+--------------------
+
+ * Zsh completion forgot that '%' character used to signal untracked
+   files needs to be escaped with another '%'.
+
+ * A commit object whose author or committer ident are malformed
+   crashed some code that trusted that a name, an email and an
+   timestamp can always be found in it.
+
+ * The new core.commentchar configuration was not applied to a few
+   places.
+
+ * "git pull --rebase" did not pass "-v/-q" options to underlying
+   "git rebase".
+
+ * When receive-pack detects error in the pack header it received in
+   order to decide which of unpack-objects or index-pack to run, it
+   returned without closing the error stream, which led to a hang
+   sideband thread.
+
+ * "git diff --diff-algorithm=algo" was understood by the command line
+   parser, but "git diff --diff-algorithm algo" was not.
+
+ * "git log -S/-G" started paying attention to textconv filter, but
+   there was no way to disable this.  Make it honor --no-textconv
+   option.
+
+ * "git merge $(git rev-parse v1.8.2)" behaved quite differently from
+   "git merge v1.8.2", as if v1.8.2 were written as v1.8.2^0 and did
+   not pay much attention to the annotated tag payload.  Make the code
+   notice the type of the tag object, in addition to the dwim_ref()
+   based classification the current code uses (i.e. the name appears
+   in refs/tags/) to decide when to special case merging of tags.
+
+ * "git cherry-pick" and "git revert" can take more than one commit
+   on the command line these days, but it was not mentioned on the usage
+   text.
+
+ * Perl scripts like "git-svn" closed (not redirecting to /dev/null)
+   the standard error stream, which is not a very smart thing to do.
+   Later open may return file descriptor #2 for unrelated purpose, and
+   error reporting code may write into them.
+
+ * "git apply --whitespace=fix" was not prepared to see a line getting
+   longer after fixing whitespaces (e.g. tab-in-indent aka Python).
+
+ * "git diff/log --cc" did not work well with options that ignore
+   whitespace changes.
+
+ * Documentation on setting up a http server that requires
+   authentication only on the push but not fetch has been clarified.
+
+ * A few bugfixes to "git rerere" working on corner case merge
+   conflicts have been applied.
+
+ * "git bundle" did not like a bundle created using a commit without
+   any message as its one of the prerequistes.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6139482
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+Git v1.8.2.3 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.2.2
+--------------------
+
+ * "rev-list --stdin" and friends kept bogus pointers into the input
+   buffer around as human readable object names.  This was not a
+   huge problem but was exposed by a new change that uses these
+   names in error output.
+
+ * When "git difftool" drove "kdiff3", it mistakenly passed --auto
+   option that was meant while resolving merge conflicts.
+
+ * "git remote add" command did not diagnose extra command line
+   arguments as an error and silently ignored them.
+
+Also contains a handful of trivial code clean-ups, documentation
+updates, updates to the test suite, etc.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc606ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,495 @@
+Git v1.8.2 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Backward compatibility notes (this release)
+-------------------------------------------
+
+"git push $there tag v1.2.3" used to allow replacing a tag v1.2.3
+that already exists in the repository $there, if the rewritten tag
+you are pushing points at a commit that is a descendant of a commit
+that the old tag v1.2.3 points at.  This was found to be error prone
+and starting with this release, any attempt to update an existing
+ref under refs/tags/ hierarchy will fail, without "--force".
+
+When "git add -u" and "git add -A" that does not specify what paths
+to add on the command line is run from inside a subdirectory, the
+scope of the operation has always been limited to the subdirectory.
+Many users found this counter-intuitive, given that "git commit -a"
+and other commands operate on the entire tree regardless of where you
+are.  In this release, these commands give a warning message that
+suggests the users to use "git add -u/-A ." when they want to limit
+the scope to the current directory; doing so will squelch the message,
+while training their fingers.
+
+
+Backward compatibility notes (for Git 2.0)
+------------------------------------------
+
+When "git push [$there]" does not say what to push, we have used the
+traditional "matching" semantics so far (all your branches were sent
+to the remote as long as there already are branches of the same name
+over there).  In Git 2.0, the default will change to the "simple"
+semantics that pushes the current branch to the branch with the same
+name, only when the current branch is set to integrate with that
+remote branch.  There is a user preference configuration variable
+"push.default" to change this.  If you are an old-timer who is used
+to the "matching" semantics, you can set it to "matching" to keep the
+traditional behaviour.  If you want to live in the future early,
+you can set it to "simple" today without waiting for Git 2.0.
+
+When "git add -u" and "git add -A", that does not specify what paths
+to add on the command line is run from inside a subdirectory, these
+commands will operate on the entire tree in Git 2.0 for consistency
+with "git commit -a" and other commands. Because there will be no
+mechanism to make "git add -u" behave as if "git add -u .", it is
+important for those who are used to "git add -u" (without pathspec)
+updating the index only for paths in the current subdirectory to start
+training their fingers to explicitly say "git add -u ." when they mean
+it before Git 2.0 comes.
+
+
+Updates since v1.8.1
+--------------------
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * Initial ports to QNX and z/OS UNIX System Services have started.
+
+ * Output from the tests is coloured using "green is okay, yellow is
+   questionable, red is bad and blue is informative" scheme.
+
+ * Mention of "GIT/Git/git" in the documentation have been updated to
+   be more uniform and consistent.  The name of the system and the
+   concept it embodies is "Git"; the command the users type is "git".
+   All-caps "GIT" was merely a way to imitate "Git" typeset in small
+   caps in our ASCII text only documentation and to be avoided.
+
+ * The completion script (in contrib/completion) used to let the
+   default completer to suggest pathnames, which gave too many
+   irrelevant choices (e.g. "git add" would not want to add an
+   unmodified path).  It learnt to use a more git-aware logic to
+   enumerate only relevant ones.
+
+ * In bare repositories, "git shortlog" and other commands now read
+   mailmap files from the tip of the history, to help running these
+   tools in server settings.
+
+ * Color specifiers, e.g. "%C(blue)Hello%C(reset)", used in the
+   "--format=" option of "git log" and friends can be disabled when
+   the output is not sent to a terminal by prefixing them with
+   "auto,", e.g. "%C(auto,blue)Hello%C(auto,reset)".
+
+ * Scripts can ask Git that wildcard patterns in pathspecs they give do
+   not have any significance, i.e. take them as literal strings.
+
+ * The patterns in .gitignore and .gitattributes files can have **/,
+   as a pattern that matches 0 or more levels of subdirectory.
+   E.g. "foo/**/bar" matches "bar" in "foo" itself or in a
+   subdirectory of "foo".
+
+ * When giving arguments without "--" disambiguation, object names
+   that come earlier on the command line must not be interpretable as
+   pathspecs and pathspecs that come later on the command line must
+   not be interpretable as object names.  This disambiguation rule has
+   been tweaked so that ":/" (no other string before or after) is
+   always interpreted as a pathspec; "git cmd -- :/" is no longer
+   needed, you can just say "git cmd :/".
+
+ * Various "hint" lines Git gives when it asks the user to edit
+   messages in the editor are commented out with '#' by default. The
+   core.commentchar configuration variable can be used to customize
+   this '#' to a different character.
+
+ * "git add -u" and "git add -A" without pathspec issues warning to
+   make users aware that they are only operating on paths inside the
+   subdirectory they are in.  Use ":/" (everything from the top) or
+   "." (everything from the $cwd) to disambiguate.
+
+ * "git blame" (and "git diff") learned the "--no-follow" option.
+
+ * "git branch" now rejects some nonsense combinations of command line
+   arguments (e.g. giving more than one branch name to rename) with
+   more case-specific error messages.
+
+ * "git check-ignore" command to help debugging .gitignore files has
+   been added.
+
+ * "git cherry-pick" can be used to replay a root commit to an unborn
+   branch.
+
+ * "git commit" can be told to use --cleanup=whitespace by setting the
+   configuration variable commit.cleanup to 'whitespace'.
+
+ * "git diff" and other Porcelain commands can be told to use a
+   non-standard algorithm by setting diff.algorithm configuration
+   variable.
+
+ * "git fetch --mirror" and fetch that uses other forms of refspec
+   with wildcard used to attempt to update a symbolic ref that match
+   the wildcard on the receiving end, which made little sense (the
+   real ref that is pointed at by the symbolic ref would be updated
+   anyway).  Symbolic refs no longer are affected by such a fetch.
+
+ * "git format-patch" now detects more cases in which a whole branch
+   is being exported, and uses the description for the branch, when
+   asked to write a cover letter for the series.
+
+ * "git format-patch" learned "-v $count" option, and prepends a
+   string "v$count-" to the names of its output files, and also
+   automatically sets the subject prefix to "PATCH v$count". This
+   allows patches from rerolled series to be stored under different
+   names and makes it easier to reuse cover letter messages.
+
+ * "git log" and friends can be told with --use-mailmap option to
+   rewrite the names and email addresses of people using the mailmap
+   mechanism.
+
+ * "git log --cc --graph" now shows the combined diff output with the
+   ancestry graph.
+
+ * "git log --grep=<pattern>" honors i18n.logoutputencoding to look
+   for the pattern after fixing the log message to the specified
+   encoding.
+
+ * "git mergetool" and "git difftool" learned to list the available
+   tool backends in a more consistent manner.
+
+ * "git mergetool" is aware of TortoiseGitMerge now and uses it over
+   TortoiseMerge when available.
+
+ * "git push" now requires "-f" to update a tag, even if it is a
+   fast-forward, as tags are meant to be fixed points.
+
+ * Error messages from "git push" when it stops to prevent remote refs
+   from getting overwritten by mistake have been improved to explain
+   various situations separately.
+
+ * "git push" will stop without doing anything if the new "pre-push"
+   hook exists and exits with a failure.
+
+ * When "git rebase" fails to generate patches to be applied (e.g. due
+   to oom), it failed to detect the failure and instead behaved as if
+   there were nothing to do.  A workaround to use a temporary file has
+   been applied, but we probably would want to revisit this later, as
+   it hurts the common case of not failing at all.
+
+ * Input and preconditions to "git reset" has been loosened where
+   appropriate.  "git reset $fromtree Makefile" requires $fromtree to
+   be any tree (it used to require it to be a commit), for example.
+   "git reset" (without options or parameters) used to error out when
+   you do not have any commits in your history, but it now gives you
+   an empty index (to match non-existent commit you are not even on).
+
+ * "git status" says what branch is being bisected or rebased when
+   able, not just "bisecting" or "rebasing".
+
+ * "git submodule" started learning a new mode to integrate with the
+   tip of the remote branch (as opposed to integrating with the commit
+   recorded in the superproject's gitlink).
+
+ * "git upload-pack" which implements the service "ls-remote" and
+   "fetch" talk to can be told to hide ref hierarchies the server
+   side internally uses (and that clients have no business learning
+   about) with transfer.hiderefs configuration.
+
+
+Foreign Interface
+
+ * "git fast-export" has been updated for its use in the context of
+   the remote helper interface.
+
+ * A new remote helper to interact with bzr has been added to contrib/.
+
+ * "git p4" got various bugfixes around its branch handling.  It is
+   also made usable with Python 2.4/2.5.  In addition, its various
+   portability issues for Cygwin have been addressed.
+
+ * The remote helper to interact with Hg in contrib/ has seen a few
+   fixes.
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, etc.
+
+ * "git fsck" has been taught to be pickier about entries in tree
+   objects that should not be there, e.g. ".", ".git", and "..".
+
+ * Matching paths with common forms of pathspecs that contain wildcard
+   characters has been optimized further.
+
+ * We stopped paying attention to $GIT_CONFIG environment that points
+   at a single configuration file from any command other than "git config"
+   quite a while ago, but "git clone" internally set, exported, and
+   then unexported the variable during its operation unnecessarily.
+
+ * "git reset" internals has been reworked and should be faster in
+   general. We tried to be careful not to break any behaviour but
+   there could be corner cases, especially when running the command
+   from a conflicted state, that we may have missed.
+
+ * The implementation of "imap-send" has been updated to reuse xml
+   quoting code from http-push codepath, and lost a lot of unused
+   code.
+
+ * There is a simple-minded checker for the test scripts in t/
+   directory to catch most common mistakes (it is not enabled by
+   default).
+
+ * You can build with USE_WILDMATCH=YesPlease to use a replacement
+   implementation of pattern matching logic used for pathname-like
+   things, e.g. refnames and paths in the repository.  This new
+   implementation is not expected change the existing behaviour of Git
+   in this release, except for "git for-each-ref" where you can now
+   say "refs/**/master" and match with both refs/heads/master and
+   refs/remotes/origin/master.  We plan to use this new implementation
+   in wider places (e.g. "git ls-files '**/Makefile' may find Makefile
+   at the top-level, and "git log '**/t*.sh'" may find commits that
+   touch a shell script whose name begins with "t" at any level) in
+   future versions of Git, but we are not there yet.  By building with
+   USE_WILDMATCH, using the resulting Git daily and reporting when you
+   find breakages, you can help us get closer to that goal.
+
+ * Some reimplementations of Git do not write all the stat info back
+   to the index due to their implementation limitations (e.g. jgit).
+   A configuration option can tell Git to ignore changes to most of
+   the stat fields and only pay attention to mtime and size, which
+   these implementations can reliably update.  This can be used to
+   avoid excessive revalidation of contents.
+
+ * Some platforms ship with old version of expat where xmlparse.h
+   needs to be included instead of expat.h; the build procedure has
+   been taught about this.
+
+ * "make clean" on platforms that cannot compute header dependencies
+   on the fly did not work with implementations of "rm" that do not
+   like an empty argument list.
+
+Also contains minor documentation updates and code clean-ups.
+
+
+Fixes since v1.8.1
+------------------
+
+Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v1.8.1 in the maintenance
+track are contained in this release (see release notes to them for
+details).
+
+ * An element on GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES list that does not name the
+   real path to a directory (i.e. a symbolic link) could have caused
+   the GIT_DIR discovery logic to escape the ceiling.
+
+ * When attempting to read the XDG-style $HOME/.config/git/config and
+   finding that $HOME/.config/git is a file, we gave a wrong error
+   message, instead of treating the case as "a custom config file does
+   not exist there" and moving on.
+
+ * The behaviour visible to the end users was confusing, when they
+   attempt to kill a process spawned in the editor that was in turn
+   launched by Git with SIGINT (or SIGQUIT), as Git would catch that
+   signal and die.  We ignore these signals now.
+   (merge 0398fc34 pf/editor-ignore-sigint later to maint).
+
+ * A child process that was killed by a signal (e.g. SIGINT) was
+   reported in an inconsistent way depending on how the process was
+   spawned by us, with or without a shell in between.
+
+ * After failing to create a temporary file using mkstemp(), failing
+   pathname was not reported correctly on some platforms.
+
+ * We used to stuff "user@" and then append what we read from
+   /etc/mailname to come up with a default e-mail ident, but a bug
+   lost the "user@" part.
+
+ * The attribute mechanism didn't allow limiting attributes to be
+   applied to only a single directory itself with "path/" like the
+   exclude mechanism does.  The initial implementation of this that
+   was merged to 'maint' and 1.8.1.2 was with a severe performance
+   degradations and needs to merge a fix-up topic.
+
+ * The smart HTTP clients forgot to verify the content-type that comes
+   back from the server side to make sure that the request is being
+   handled properly.
+
+ * "git am" did not parse datestamp correctly from Hg generated patch,
+   when it is run in a locale outside C (or en).
+
+ * "git apply" misbehaved when fixing whitespace breakages by removing
+   excess trailing blank lines.
+
+ * "git apply --summary" has been taught to make sure the similarity
+   value shown in its output is sensible, even when the input had a
+   bogus value.
+
+ * A tar archive created by "git archive" recorded a directory in a
+   way that made NetBSD's implementation of "tar" sometimes unhappy.
+
+ * "git archive" did not record uncompressed size in the header when
+   streaming a zip archive, which confused some implementations of unzip.
+
+ * "git archive" did not parse configuration values in tar.* namespace
+   correctly.
+   (merge b3873c3 jk/config-parsing-cleanup later to maint).
+
+ * Attempt to "branch --edit-description" an existing branch, while
+   being on a detached HEAD, errored out.
+
+ * "git clean" showed what it was going to do, but sometimes end up
+   finding that it was not allowed to do so, which resulted in a
+   confusing output (e.g. after saying that it will remove an
+   untracked directory, it found an embedded git repository there
+   which it is not allowed to remove).  It now performs the actions
+   and then reports the outcome more faithfully.
+
+ * When "git clone --separate-git-dir=$over_there" is interrupted, it
+   failed to remove the real location of the $GIT_DIR it created.
+   This was most visible when interrupting a submodule update.
+
+ * "git cvsimport" mishandled timestamps at DST boundary.
+
+ * We used to have an arbitrary 32 limit for combined diff input,
+   resulting in incorrect number of leading colons shown when showing
+   the "--raw --cc" output.
+
+ * "git fetch --depth" was broken in at least three ways.  The
+   resulting history was deeper than specified by one commit, it was
+   unclear how to wipe the shallowness of the repository with the
+   command, and documentation was misleading.
+   (merge cfb70e1 nd/fetch-depth-is-broken later to maint).
+
+ * "git log --all -p" that walked refs/notes/textconv/ ref can later
+   try to use the textconv data incorrectly after it gets freed.
+
+ * We forgot to close the file descriptor reading from "gpg" output,
+   killing "git log --show-signature" on a long history.
+
+ * The way "git svn" asked for password using SSH_ASKPASS and
+   GIT_ASKPASS was not in line with the rest of the system.
+
+ * The --graph code fell into infinite loop when asked to do what the
+   code did not expect.
+
+ * http transport was wrong to ask for the username when the
+   authentication is done by certificate identity.
+
+ * "git pack-refs" that ran in parallel to another process that
+   created new refs had a nasty race.
+
+ * Rebasing the history of superproject with change in the submodule
+   has been broken since v1.7.12.
+
+ * After "git add -N" and then writing a tree object out of the
+   index, the cache-tree data structure got corrupted.
+
+ * "git clone" used to allow --bare and --separate-git-dir=$there
+   options at the same time, which was nonsensical.
+
+ * "git rebase --preserve-merges" lost empty merges in recent versions
+   of Git.
+
+ * "git merge --no-edit" computed who were involved in the work done
+   on the side branch, even though that information is to be discarded
+   without getting seen in the editor.
+
+ * "git merge" started calling prepare-commit-msg hook like "git
+   commit" does some time ago, but forgot to pay attention to the exit
+   status of the hook.
+
+ * A failure to push due to non-ff while on an unborn branch
+   dereferenced a NULL pointer when showing an error message.
+
+ * When users spell "cc:" in lowercase in the fake "header" in the
+   trailer part, "git send-email" failed to pick up the addresses from
+   there. As e-mail headers field names are case insensitive, this
+   script should follow suit and treat "cc:" and "Cc:" the same way.
+
+ * Output from "git status --ignored" showed an unexpected interaction
+   with "--untracked".
+
+ * "gitweb", when sorting by age to show repositories with new
+   activities first, used to sort repositories with absolutely
+   nothing in it early, which was not very useful.
+
+ * "gitweb"'s code to sanitize control characters before passing it to
+   "highlight" filter lost known-to-be-safe control characters by
+   mistake.
+
+ * "gitweb" pages served over HTTPS, when configured to show picon or
+   gravatar, referred to these external resources to be fetched via
+   HTTP, resulting in mixed contents warning in browsers.
+
+ * When a line to be wrapped has a solid run of non space characters
+   whose length exactly is the wrap width, "git shortlog -w" failed
+   to add a newline after such a line.
+
+ * Command line completion leaked an unnecessary error message while
+   looking for possible matches with paths in <tree-ish>.
+
+ * Command line completion for "tcsh" emitted an unwanted space
+   after completing a single directory name.
+
+ * Command line completion code was inadvertently made incompatible with
+   older versions of bash by using a newer array notation.
+
+ * "git push" was taught to refuse updating the branch that is
+   currently checked out long time ago, but the user manual was left
+   stale.
+   (merge 50995ed wk/man-deny-current-branch-is-default-these-days later to maint).
+
+ * Some shells do not behave correctly when IFS is unset; work it
+   around by explicitly setting it to the default value.
+
+ * Some scripted programs written in Python did not get updated when
+   PYTHON_PATH changed.
+   (cherry-pick 96a4647fca54031974cd6ad1 later to maint).
+
+ * When autoconf is used, any build on a different commit always ran
+   "config.status --recheck" even when unnecessary.
+
+ * A fix was added to the build procedure to work around buggy
+   versions of ccache broke the auto-generation of dependencies, which
+   unfortunately is still relevant because some people use ancient
+   distros.
+
+ * The autoconf subsystem passed --mandir down to generated
+   config.mak.autogen but forgot to do the same for --htmldir.
+   (merge 55d9bf0 ct/autoconf-htmldir later to maint).
+
+ * A change made on v1.8.1.x maintenance track had a nasty regression
+   to break the build when autoconf is used.
+   (merge 7f1b697 jn/less-reconfigure later to maint).
+
+ * We have been carrying a translated and long-unmaintained copy of an
+   old version of the tutorial; removed.
+
+ * t0050 had tests expecting failures from a bug that was fixed some
+   time ago.
+
+ * t4014, t9502 and t0200 tests had various portability issues that
+   broke on OpenBSD.
+
+ * t9020 and t3600 tests had various portability issues.
+
+ * t9200 runs "cvs init" on a directory that already exists, but a
+   platform can configure this fail for the current user (e.g. you
+   need to be in the cvsadmin group on NetBSD 6.0).
+
+ * t9020 and t9810 had a few non-portable shell script construct.
+
+ * Scripts to test bash completion was inherently flaky as it was
+   affected by whatever random things the user may have on $PATH.
+
+ * An element on GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES could be a "logical" pathname
+   that uses a symbolic link to point at somewhere else (e.g. /home/me
+   that points at /net/host/export/home/me, and the latter directory
+   is automounted). Earlier when Git saw such a pathname e.g. /home/me
+   on this environment variable, the "ceiling" mechanism did not take
+   effect. With this release (the fix has also been merged to the
+   v1.8.1.x maintenance series), elements on GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES
+   are by default checked for such aliasing coming from symbolic
+   links. As this needs to actually resolve symbolic links for each
+   element on the GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES, you can disable this
+   mechanism for some elements by listing them after an empty element
+   on the GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES. e.g. Setting /home/me::/home/him to
+   GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES makes Git resolve symbolic links in
+   /home/me when checking if the current directory is under /home/me,
+   but does not do so for /home/him.
+   (merge 7ec30aa mh/maint-ceil-absolute later to maint).
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc3ea18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+Git v1.8.3.1 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.3
+------------------
+
+ * When $HOME is misconfigured to point at an unreadable directory, we
+   used to complain and die. The check has been loosened.
+
+ * Handling of negative exclude pattern for directories "!dir" was
+   broken in the update to v1.8.3.
+
+Also contains a handful of trivial code clean-ups, documentation
+updates, updates to the test suite, etc.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..26ae142
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+Git v1.8.3.2 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.3.1
+--------------------
+
+ * Cloning with "git clone --depth N" while fetch.fsckobjects (or
+   transfer.fsckobjects) is set to true did not tell the cut-off
+   points of the shallow history to the process that validates the
+   objects and the history received, causing the validation to fail.
+
+ * "git checkout foo" DWIMs the intended "upstream" and turns it into
+   "git checkout -t -b foo remotes/origin/foo". This codepath has been
+   updated to correctly take existing remote definitions into account.
+
+ * "git fetch" into a shallow repository from a repository that does
+   not know about the shallow boundary commits (e.g. a different fork
+   from the repository the current shallow repository was cloned from)
+   did not work correctly.
+
+ * "git subtree" (in contrib/) had one codepath with loose error
+   checks to lose data at the remote side.
+
+ * "git log --ancestry-path A...B" did not work as expected, as it did
+   not pay attention to the fact that the merge base between A and B
+   was the bottom of the range being specified.
+
+ * "git diff -c -p" was not showing a deleted line from a hunk when
+   another hunk immediately begins where the earlier one ends.
+
+ * "git merge @{-1}~22" was rewritten to "git merge frotz@{1}~22"
+   incorrectly when your previous branch was "frotz" (it should be
+   rewritten to "git merge frotz~22" instead).
+
+ * "git commit --allow-empty-message -m ''" should not start an
+   editor.
+
+ * "git push --[no-]verify" was not documented.
+
+ * An entry for "file://" scheme in the enumeration of URL types Git
+   can take in the HTML documentation was made into a clickable link
+   by mistake.
+
+ * zsh prompt script that borrowed from bash prompt script did not
+   work due to slight differences in array variable notation between
+   these two shells.
+
+ * The bash prompt code (in contrib/) displayed the name of the branch
+   being rebased when "rebase -i/-m/-p" modes are in use, but not the
+   plain vanilla "rebase".
+
+ * "git push $there HEAD:branch" did not resolve HEAD early enough, so
+   it was easy to flip it around while push is still going on and push
+   out a branch that the user did not originally intended when the
+   command was started.
+
+ * "difftool --dir-diff" did not copy back changes made by the
+   end-user in the diff tool backend to the working tree in some
+   cases.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..04289e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+Git v1.8.3.3 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.3.2
+--------------------
+
+ * "gitweb" forgot to clear a global variable $search_regexp upon each
+   request, mistakenly carrying over the previous search to a new one
+   when used as a persistent CGI.
+
+ * The wildmatch engine did not honor WM_CASEFOLD option correctly.
+
+ * "git log -c --follow $path" segfaulted upon hitting the commit that
+   renamed the $path being followed.
+
+ * When a reflog notation is used for implicit "current branch",
+   e.g. "git log @{u}", we did not say which branch and worse said
+   "branch ''" in the error messages.
+
+ * Mac OS X does not like to write(2) more than INT_MAX number of
+   bytes; work it around by chopping write(2) into smaller pieces.
+
+ * Newer MacOS X encourages the programs to compile and link with
+   their CommonCrypto, not with OpenSSL.
+
+Also contains various minor documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ead568e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,436 @@
+Git v1.8.3 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Backward compatibility notes (for Git 2.0)
+------------------------------------------
+
+When "git push [$there]" does not say what to push, we have used the
+traditional "matching" semantics so far (all your branches were sent
+to the remote as long as there already are branches of the same name
+over there).  In Git 2.0, the default will change to the "simple"
+semantics that pushes only the current branch to the branch with the same
+name, and only when the current branch is set to integrate with that
+remote branch.  Use the user preference configuration variable
+"push.default" to change this.  If you are an old-timer who is used
+to the "matching" semantics, you can set the variable to "matching"
+to keep the traditional behaviour.  If you want to live in the future
+early, you can set it to "simple" today without waiting for Git 2.0.
+
+When "git add -u" (and "git add -A") is run inside a subdirectory and
+does not specify which paths to add on the command line, it
+will operate on the entire tree in Git 2.0 for consistency
+with "git commit -a" and other commands.  There will be no
+mechanism to make plain "git add -u" behave like "git add -u .".
+Current users of "git add -u" (without a pathspec) should start
+training their fingers to explicitly say "git add -u ."
+before Git 2.0 comes.  A warning is issued when these commands are
+run without a pathspec and when you have local changes outside the
+current directory, because the behaviour in Git 2.0 will be different
+from today's version in such a situation.
+
+In Git 2.0, "git add <path>" will behave as "git add -A <path>", so
+that "git add dir/" will notice paths you removed from the directory
+and record the removal.  Versions before Git 2.0, including this
+release, will keep ignoring removals, but the users who rely on this
+behaviour are encouraged to start using "git add --ignore-removal <path>"
+now before 2.0 is released.
+
+
+Updates since v1.8.2
+--------------------
+
+Foreign interface
+
+ * remote-hg and remote-bzr helpers (in contrib/ since v1.8.2) have
+   been updated; especially, the latter has been done in an
+   accelerated schedule (read: we may not have merged to this release
+   if we were following the usual "cook sufficiently in next before
+   unleashing it to the world" workflow) in order to help Emacs folks,
+   whose primary SCM seems to be stagnating.
+
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * A handful of updates applied to gitk, including an addition of
+   "revert" action, showing dates in tags in a nicer way, making
+   colors configurable, and support for -G'pickaxe' search.
+
+ * The prompt string generator (in contrib/completion/) learned to
+   show how many changes there are in total and how many have been
+   replayed during a "git rebase" session.
+
+ * "git branch --vv" learned to paint the name of the branch it
+   integrates with in a different color (color.branch.upstream,
+   which defaults to blue).
+
+ * In a sparsely populated working tree, "git checkout <pathspec>" no
+   longer unmarks paths that match the given pathspec that were
+   originally ignored with "--sparse" (use --ignore-skip-worktree-bits
+   option to resurrect these paths out of the index if you really want
+   to).
+
+ * "git log --format" specifier learned %C(auto) token that tells Git
+   to use color when interpolating %d (decoration), %h (short commit
+   object name), etc. for terminal output.
+
+ * "git bisect" leaves the final outcome as a comment in its bisect
+   log file.
+
+ * "git clone --reference" can now refer to a gitfile "textual symlink"
+   that points at the real location of the repository.
+
+ * "git count-objects" learned "--human-readable" aka "-H" option to
+   show various large numbers in Ki/Mi/GiB scaled as necessary.
+
+ * "git cherry-pick $blob" and "git cherry-pick $tree" are nonsense,
+   and a more readable error message e.g. "can't cherry-pick a tree"
+   is given (we used to say "expected exactly one commit").
+
+ * The "--annotate" option to "git send-email" can be turned on (or
+   off) by default with sendemail.annotate configuration variable (you
+   can use --no-annotate from the command line to override it).
+
+ * The "--cover-letter" option to "git format-patch" can be turned on
+   (or off) by default with format.coverLetter configuration
+   variable. By setting it to 'auto', you can turn it on only for a
+   series with two or more patches.
+
+ * The bash completion support (in contrib/) learned that cherry-pick
+   takes a few more options than it already knew about.
+
+ * "git help" learned "-g" option to show the list of guides just like
+   list of commands are given with "-a".
+
+ * A triangular "pull from one place, push to another place" workflow
+   is supported better by new remote.pushdefault (overrides the
+   "origin" thing) and branch.*.pushremote (overrides the
+   branch.*.remote) configuration variables.
+
+ * "git status" learned to report that you are in the middle of a
+   revert session, just like it does for a cherry-pick and a bisect
+   session.
+
+ * The handling by "git branch --set-upstream-to" against various forms
+   of erroneous inputs was suboptimal and has been improved.
+
+ * When the interactive access to git-shell is not enabled, it issues
+   a message meant to help the system administrator to enable it.  An
+   explicit way has been added to issue custom messages to refuse an
+   access over the network to help the end users who connect to the
+   service expecting an interactive shell.
+
+ * In addition to the case where the user edits the log message with
+   the "e)dit" option of "am -i", replace the "Applying: this patch"
+   message with the final log message contents after applymsg hook
+   munges it.
+
+ * "git status" suggests users to look into using --untracked=no option
+   when it takes too long.
+
+ * "git status" shows a bit more information during a rebase/bisect
+   session.
+
+ * "git fetch" learned to fetch a commit at the tip of an unadvertised
+   ref by specifying a raw object name from the command line when the
+   server side supports this feature.
+
+ * Output from "git log --graph" works better with submodule log
+   output now.
+
+ * "git count-objects -v" learned to report leftover temporary
+   packfiles and other garbage in the object store.
+
+ * A new read-only credential helper (in contrib/) to interact with
+   the .netrc/.authinfo files has been added.
+
+ * "git send-email" can be used with the credential helper system.
+
+ * There was no Porcelain way to say "I no longer am interested in
+   this submodule", once you express your interest in a submodule with
+   "submodule init".  "submodule deinit" is the way to do so.
+
+ * "git pull --rebase" learned to pass "-v/-q" options to underlying
+   "git rebase".
+
+ * The new "--follow-tags" option tells "git push" to push relevant
+   annotated tags when pushing branches out.
+
+ * "git merge" and "git pull" can optionally be told to inspect and
+   reject when merging a commit that does not carry a trusted GPG
+   signature.
+
+ * "git mergetool" now feeds files to the "p4merge" backend in the
+   order that matches the p4 convention, where "theirs" is usually
+   shown on the left side, which is the opposite from what other backends
+   expect.
+
+ * "show/log" now honors gpg.program configuration just like other
+   parts of the code that use GnuPG.
+
+ * "git log" that shows the difference between the parent and the
+   child has been optimized somewhat.
+
+ * "git difftool" allows the user to write into the temporary files
+   being shown; if the user makes changes to the working tree at the
+   same time, it now refrains from overwriting the copy in the working
+   tree and leaves the temporary file so that changes can be merged
+   manually.
+
+ * There was no good way to ask "I have a random string that came from
+   outside world. I want to turn it into a 40-hex object name while
+   making sure such an object exists".  A new peeling suffix ^{object}
+   can be used for that purpose, together with "rev-parse --verify".
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, etc.
+
+ * Updates for building under msvc.
+
+ * A handful of issues in the code that traverses the working tree to find
+   untracked and/or ignored files have been fixed, and the general
+   codepath involved in "status -u" and "clean" have been cleaned up
+   and optimized.
+
+ * The stack footprint of some codepaths that access an object from a
+   pack has been shrunk.
+
+ * The logic to coalesce the same lines removed from the parents in
+   the output from "diff -c/--cc" has been updated, but with O(n^2)
+   complexity, so this might turn out to be undesirable.
+
+ * The code to enforce permission bits on files in $GIT_DIR/ for
+   shared repositories has been simplified.
+
+ * A few codepaths know how much data they need to put in the
+   hashtables they use when they start, but still began with small tables
+   and repeatedly grew and rehashed them.
+
+ * The API to walk reflog entries from the latest to older, which was
+   necessary for operations such as "git checkout -", was cumbersome
+   to use correctly and also inefficient.
+
+ * Codepaths that inspect log-message-to-be and decide when to add a
+   new Signed-off-by line in various commands have been consolidated.
+
+ * The pkt-line API, implementation and its callers have been cleaned
+   up to make them more robust.
+
+ * The Cygwin port has a faster-but-lying lstat(2) emulation whose
+   incorrectness does not matter in practice except for a few
+   codepaths, and setting permission bits on directories is a codepath
+   that needs to use a more correct one.
+
+ * "git checkout" had repeated pathspec matches on the same paths,
+   which have been consolidated.  Also a bug in "git checkout dir/"
+   that is started from an unmerged index has been fixed.
+
+ * A few bugfixes to "git rerere" working on corner case merge
+   conflicts have been applied.
+
+
+Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups.
+
+
+Fixes since v1.8.2
+------------------
+
+Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v1.8.2 in the maintenance
+track are contained in this release (see release notes to them for
+details).
+
+ * Recent versions of File::Temp (used by "git svn") started blowing
+   up when its tempfile sub is called as a class method; updated the
+   callsite to call it as a plain vanilla function to fix it.
+   (merge eafc2dd hb/git-pm-tempfile later to maint).
+
+ * Various subcommands of "git remote" simply ignored extraneous
+   command line arguments instead of diagnosing them as errors.
+
+ * When receive-pack detects an error in the pack header it received in
+   order to decide which of unpack-objects or index-pack to run, it
+   returned without closing the error stream, which led to a hung
+   sideband thread.
+
+ * Zsh completion forgot that the '%' character used to signal untracked
+   files needs to be escaped with another '%'.
+
+ * A commit object whose author or committer ident are malformed
+   crashed some code that trusted that a name, an email and a
+   timestamp can always be found in it.
+
+ * When "upload-pack" fails while generating a pack in response to
+   "git fetch" (or "git clone"), the receiving side had
+   a programming error that triggered the die handler
+   recursively.
+
+ * "rev-list --stdin" and friends kept bogus pointers into the input
+   buffer around as human readable object names.  This was not a huge
+   problem but was exposed by a new change that uses these names in
+   error output.
+
+ * Smart-capable HTTP servers were not restricted via the
+   GIT_NAMESPACE mechanism when talking with commit-walking clients,
+   like they are when talking with smart HTTP clients.
+   (merge 6130f86 jk/http-dumb-namespaces later to maint).
+
+ * "git merge-tree" did not omit a merge result that is identical to
+   the "our" side in certain cases.
+   (merge aacecc3 jk/merge-tree-added-identically later to maint).
+
+ * Perl scripts like "git-svn" closed (instead of redirecting to /dev/null)
+   the standard error stream, which is not a very smart thing to do.
+   A later open may return file descriptor #2 for an unrelated purpose, and
+   error reporting code may write into it.
+
+ * "git show-branch" was not prepared to show a very long run of
+   ancestor operators e.g. foobar^2~2^2^2^2...^2~4 correctly.
+
+ * "git diff --diff-algorithm algo" is also understood as "git diff
+   --diff-algorithm=algo".
+
+ * The new core.commentchar configuration was not applied in a few
+   places.
+
+ * "git bundle" erroneously bailed out when parsing a valid bundle
+   containing a prerequisite commit without a commit message.
+
+ * "git log -S/-G" started paying attention to textconv filter, but
+   there was no way to disable this.  Make it honor the --no-textconv
+   option.
+
+ * When used with the "-d temporary-directory" option, "git filter-branch"
+   failed to come back to the original working tree to perform the
+   final clean-up procedure.
+
+ * "git merge $(git rev-parse v1.8.2)" behaved quite differently from
+   "git merge v1.8.2", as if v1.8.2 were written as v1.8.2^0 and did
+   not pay much attention to the annotated tag payload.  Make the code
+   notice the type of the tag object, in addition to the dwim_ref()
+   based classification the current code uses (i.e. the name appears
+   in refs/tags/) to decide when to special-case tag merging.
+
+ * Fix a 1.8.1.x regression that stopped matching "dir" (without a
+   trailing slash) to a directory "dir".
+
+ * "git apply --whitespace=fix" was not prepared to see a line getting
+   longer after fixing whitespaces (e.g. tab-in-indent aka Python).
+
+ * The prompt string generator (in contrib/completion/) did not notice
+   when we are in a middle of a "git revert" session.
+
+ * "submodule summary --summary-limit" option did not support the
+   "--option=value" form.
+
+ * "index-pack --fix-thin" used an uninitialized value to compute
+   the delta depths of objects it appends to the resulting pack.
+
+ * "index-pack --verify-stat" used a few counters outside the protection
+   of a mutex, possibly showing incorrect numbers.
+
+ * The code to keep track of what directory names are known to Git on
+   platforms with case insensitive filesystems could get confused upon a
+   hash collision between these pathnames and would loop forever.
+
+ * Annotated tags outside the refs/tags/ hierarchy were not advertised
+   correctly to ls-remote and fetch with recent versions of Git.
+
+ * Recent optimizations broke shallow clones.
+
+ * "git cmd -- ':(top'" was not diagnosed as an invalid syntax, and
+   instead the parser kept reading beyond the end of the string.
+
+ * "git tag -f <tag>" always said "Updated tag '<tag>'" even when
+   creating a new tag (i.e. neither overwriting nor updating).
+
+ * "git p4" did not behave well when the path to the root of the P4
+   client was not its real path.
+   (merge bbd8486 pw/p4-symlinked-root later to maint).
+
+ * "git archive" reported a failure when asked to create an archive out
+   of an empty tree.  It is more intuitive to give an empty
+   archive back in such a case.
+
+ * When "format-patch" quoted a non-ascii string in header files,
+   it incorrectly applied rfc2047 and chopped a single character in
+   the middle of the string.
+
+ * An aliased command spawned from a bare repository that does not say
+   it is bare with "core.bare = yes" was treated as non-bare by mistake.
+
+ * In "git reflog expire", the REACHABLE bit was not cleared from the
+   correct objects.
+
+ * The logic used by "git diff -M --stat" to shorten the names of
+   files before and after a rename did not work correctly when the
+   common prefix and suffix between the two filenames overlapped.
+
+ * The "--match=<pattern>" option of "git describe", when used with
+   "--all" to allow refs that are not annotated tags to be a
+   base of description, did not restrict the output from the command
+   to those refs that match the given pattern.
+
+ * Clarify in the documentation "what" gets pushed to "where" when the
+   command line to "git push" does not say these explicitly.
+
+ * The "--color=<when>" argument to the commands in the diff family
+   was described poorly.
+
+ * The arguments given to the pre-rebase hook were not documented.
+
+ * The v4 index format was not documented.
+
+ * The "--match=<pattern>" argument "git describe" takes uses glob
+   pattern but it wasn't obvious from the documentation.
+
+ * Some sources failed to compile on systems that lack NI_MAXHOST in
+   their system header (e.g. z/OS).
+
+ * Add an example use of "--env-filter" in "filter-branch"
+   documentation.
+
+ * "git bundle verify" did not say "records a complete history" for a
+   bundle that does not have any prerequisites.
+
+ * In the v1.8.0 era, we changed symbols that do not have to be global
+   to file scope static, but a few functions in graph.c were used by
+   CGit sideways, bypassing the entry points of the API the
+   in-tree users use.
+
+ * "git update-index -h" did not do the usual "-h(elp)" thing.
+
+ * "git index-pack" had a buffer-overflow while preparing an
+   informational message when the translated version of it was too
+   long.
+
+ * 'git commit -m "$msg"' used to add an extra newline even when
+   $msg already ended with one.
+
+ * The SSL peer verification done by "git imap-send" did not ask for
+   Server Name Indication (RFC 4366), failing to connect to SSL/TLS
+   sites that serve multiple hostnames on a single IP.
+
+ * perl/Git.pm::cat_blob slurped everything in core only to write it
+   out to a file descriptor, which was not a very smart thing to do.
+
+ * "git branch" did not bother to check nonsense command line
+   parameters.  It now issues errors in many cases.
+
+ * Verification of signed tags was not done correctly when not in C
+   or en/US locale.
+
+ * Some platforms and users spell UTF-8 differently; retry with the
+   most official "UTF-8" when the system does not understand the
+   user-supplied encoding name that is a common alternative
+   spelling of UTF-8.
+
+ * When export-subst is used, "zip" output recorded an incorrect
+   size of the file.
+
+ * "git am $maildir/" applied messages in an unexpected order; sort
+   filenames read from the maildir/ in a way that is more likely to
+   sort the messages in the order the writing MUA meant to, by sorting
+   numeric segments in numeric order and non-numeric segments in
+   alphabetical order.
+
+ * "git submodule update", when recursed into sub-submodules, did not
+   accumulate the prefix paths.
diff --git a/Documentation/SubmittingPatches b/Documentation/SubmittingPatches
index 0dbf2c9..d0a4733 100644
--- a/Documentation/SubmittingPatches
+++ b/Documentation/SubmittingPatches
@@ -1,65 +1,5 @@
-Checklist (and a short version for the impatient):
-
-	Commits:
-
-	- make commits of logical units
-	- check for unnecessary whitespace with "git diff --check"
-	  before committing
-	- do not check in commented out code or unneeded files
-	- the first line of the commit message should be a short
-	  description (50 characters is the soft limit, see DISCUSSION
-	  in git-commit(1)), and should skip the full stop
-	- the body should provide a meaningful commit message, which:
-	  . explains the problem the change tries to solve, iow, what
-	    is wrong with the current code without the change.
-	  . justifies the way the change solves the problem, iow, why
-	    the result with the change is better.
-	  . alternate solutions considered but discarded, if any.
-	- describe changes in imperative mood, e.g. "make xyzzy do frotz"
-	  instead of "[This patch] makes xyzzy do frotz" or "[I] changed
-	  xyzzy to do frotz", as if you are giving orders to the codebase
-	  to change its behaviour.
-	- try to make sure your explanation can be understood without
-	  external resources. Instead of giving a URL to a mailing list
-	  archive, summarize the relevant points of the discussion.
-	- add a "Signed-off-by: Your Name <you@example.com>" line to the
-	  commit message (or just use the option "-s" when committing)
-	  to confirm that you agree to the Developer's Certificate of Origin
-	- make sure that you have tests for the bug you are fixing
-	- make sure that the test suite passes after your commit
-
-	Patch:
-
-	- use "git format-patch -M" to create the patch
-	- do not PGP sign your patch
-	- do not attach your patch, but read in the mail
-	  body, unless you cannot teach your mailer to
-	  leave the formatting of the patch alone.
-	- be careful doing cut & paste into your mailer, not to
-	  corrupt whitespaces.
-	- provide additional information (which is unsuitable for
-	  the commit message) between the "---" and the diffstat
-	- if you change, add, or remove a command line option or
-	  make some other user interface change, the associated
-	  documentation should be updated as well.
-	- if your name is not writable in ASCII, make sure that
-	  you send off a message in the correct encoding.
-	- send the patch to the list (git@vger.kernel.org) and the
-	  maintainer (gitster@pobox.com) if (and only if) the patch
-	  is ready for inclusion. If you use git-send-email(1),
-	  please test it first by sending email to yourself.
-	- see below for instructions specific to your mailer
-
-Long version:
-
-I started reading over the SubmittingPatches document for Linux
-kernel, primarily because I wanted to have a document similar to
-it for the core GIT to make sure people understand what they are
-doing when they write "Signed-off-by" line.
-
-But the patch submission requirements are a lot more relaxed
-here on the technical/contents front, because the core GIT is
-thousand times smaller ;-).  So here is only the relevant bits.
+Here are some guidelines for people who want to contribute their code
+to this software.
 
 (0) Decide what to base your work on.
 
@@ -86,6 +26,10 @@
    wait until some of the dependent topics graduate to 'master', and
    rebase your work.
 
+ - Some parts of the system have dedicated maintainers with their own
+   repositories (see the section "Subsystems" below).  Changes to
+   these parts should be based on their trees.
+
 To find the tip of a topic branch, run "git log --first-parent
 master..pu" and look for the merge commit. The second parent of this
 commit is the tip of the topic branch.
@@ -113,49 +57,81 @@
 differs substantially from the prior version, are all good things
 to have.
 
+Make sure that you have tests for the bug you are fixing.
+
+When adding a new feature, make sure that you have new tests to show
+the feature triggers the new behaviour when it should, and to show the
+feature does not trigger when it shouldn't.  Also make sure that the
+test suite passes after your commit.  Do not forget to update the
+documentation to describe the updated behaviour.
+
 Oh, another thing.  I am picky about whitespaces.  Make sure your
 changes do not trigger errors with the sample pre-commit hook shipped
 in templates/hooks--pre-commit.  To help ensure this does not happen,
 run git diff --check on your changes before you commit.
 
 
-(1a) Try to be nice to older C compilers
+(2) Describe your changes well.
 
-We try to support a wide range of C compilers to compile
-git with. That means that you should not use C99 initializers, even
-if a lot of compilers grok it.
+The first line of the commit message should be a short description (50
+characters is the soft limit, see DISCUSSION in git-commit(1)), and
+should skip the full stop.  It is also conventional in most cases to
+prefix the first line with "area: " where the area is a filename or
+identifier for the general area of the code being modified, e.g.
 
-Also, variables have to be declared at the beginning of the block
-(you can check this with gcc, using the -Wdeclaration-after-statement
-option).
+  . archive: ustar header checksum is computed unsigned
+  . git-cherry-pick.txt: clarify the use of revision range notation
 
-Another thing: NULL pointers shall be written as NULL, not as 0.
+If in doubt which identifier to use, run "git log --no-merges" on the
+files you are modifying to see the current conventions.
+
+The body should provide a meaningful commit message, which:
+
+  . explains the problem the change tries to solve, iow, what is wrong
+    with the current code without the change.
+
+  . justifies the way the change solves the problem, iow, why the
+    result with the change is better.
+
+  . alternate solutions considered but discarded, if any.
+
+Describe your changes in imperative mood, e.g. "make xyzzy do frotz"
+instead of "[This patch] makes xyzzy do frotz" or "[I] changed xyzzy
+to do frotz", as if you are giving orders to the codebase to change
+its behaviour.  Try to make sure your explanation can be understood
+without external resources. Instead of giving a URL to a mailing list
+archive, summarize the relevant points of the discussion.
 
 
-(2) Generate your patch using git tools out of your commits.
+(3) Generate your patch using Git tools out of your commits.
 
-git based diff tools generate unidiff which is the preferred format.
+Git based diff tools generate unidiff which is the preferred format.
 
 You do not have to be afraid to use -M option to "git diff" or
 "git format-patch", if your patch involves file renames.  The
 receiving end can handle them just fine.
 
-Please make sure your patch does not include any extra files
-which do not belong in a patch submission.  Make sure to review
+Please make sure your patch does not add commented out debugging code,
+or include any extra files which do not relate to what your patch
+is trying to achieve. Make sure to review
 your patch after generating it, to ensure accuracy.  Before
 sending out, please make sure it cleanly applies to the "master"
 branch head.  If you are preparing a work based on "next" branch,
 that is fine, but please mark it as such.
 
 
-(3) Sending your patches.
+(4) Sending your patches.
 
-People on the git mailing list need to be able to read and
+People on the Git mailing list need to be able to read and
 comment on the changes you are submitting.  It is important for
 a developer to be able to "quote" your changes, using standard
 e-mail tools, so that they may comment on specific portions of
 your code.  For this reason, all patches should be submitted
-"inline".  WARNING: Be wary of your MUAs word-wrap
+"inline".  If your log message (including your name on the
+Signed-off-by line) is not writable in ASCII, make sure that
+you send off a message in the correct encoding.
+
+WARNING: Be wary of your MUAs word-wrap
 corrupting your patch.  Do not cut-n-paste your patch; you can
 lose tabs that way if you are not careful.
 
@@ -179,7 +155,8 @@
 
 You often want to add additional explanation about the patch,
 other than the commit message itself.  Place such "cover letter"
-material between the three dash lines and the diffstat.
+material between the three dash lines and the diffstat. Git-notes
+can also be inserted using the `--notes` option.
 
 Do not attach the patch as a MIME attachment, compressed or not.
 Do not let your e-mail client send quoted-printable.  Do not let
@@ -207,23 +184,29 @@
 that starts with '-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----'.  That is
 not a text/plain, it's something else.
 
-Unless your patch is a very trivial and an obviously correct one,
-first send it with "To:" set to the mailing list, with "cc:" listing
+Send your patch with "To:" set to the mailing list, with "cc:" listing
 people who are involved in the area you are touching (the output from
 "git blame $path" and "git shortlog --no-merges $path" would help to
-identify them), to solicit comments and reviews.  After the list
-reached a consensus that it is a good idea to apply the patch, re-send
-it with "To:" set to the maintainer and optionally "cc:" the list for
-inclusion.  Do not forget to add trailers such as "Acked-by:",
-"Reviewed-by:" and "Tested-by:" after your "Signed-off-by:" line as
-necessary.
+identify them), to solicit comments and reviews.
+
+After the list reached a consensus that it is a good idea to apply the
+patch, re-send it with "To:" set to the maintainer [*1*] and "cc:" the
+list [*2*] for inclusion.
+
+Do not forget to add trailers such as "Acked-by:", "Reviewed-by:" and
+"Tested-by:" lines as necessary to credit people who helped your
+patch.
+
+    [Addresses]
+     *1* The current maintainer: gitster@pobox.com
+     *2* The mailing list: git@vger.kernel.org
 
 
-(4) Sign your work
+(5) Sign your work
 
 To improve tracking of who did what, we've borrowed the
 "sign-off" procedure from the Linux kernel project on patches
-that are being emailed around.  Although core GIT is a lot
+that are being emailed around.  Although core Git is a lot
 smaller project it is a good discipline to follow it.
 
 The sign-off is a simple line at the end of the explanation for
@@ -261,7 +244,7 @@
 
 	Signed-off-by: Random J Developer <random@developer.example.org>
 
-This line can be automatically added by git if you run the git-commit
+This line can be automatically added by Git if you run the git-commit
 command with the -s option.
 
 Notice that you can place your own Signed-off-by: line when
@@ -290,6 +273,26 @@
 such as "Thanks-to:", "Based-on-patch-by:", or "Mentored-by:".
 
 ------------------------------------------------
+Subsystems with dedicated maintainers
+
+Some parts of the system have dedicated maintainers with their own
+repositories.
+
+ - git-gui/ comes from git-gui project, maintained by Pat Thoyts:
+
+        git://repo.or.cz/git-gui.git
+
+ - gitk-git/ comes from Paul Mackerras's gitk project:
+
+        git://ozlabs.org/~paulus/gitk
+
+ - po/ comes from the localization coordinator, Jiang Xin:
+
+	https://github.com/git-l10n/git-po/
+
+Patches to these parts should be based on their trees.
+
+------------------------------------------------
 An ideal patch flow
 
 Here is an ideal patch flow for this project the current maintainer
@@ -334,7 +337,7 @@
   tell you if your patch is merged in pu if you rebase on top of
   master).
 
-* Read the git mailing list, the maintainer regularly posts messages
+* Read the Git mailing list, the maintainer regularly posts messages
   entitled "What's cooking in git.git" and "What's in git.git" giving
   the status of various proposed changes.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/asciidoc.conf b/Documentation/asciidoc.conf
index 6d06271..2c16c53 100644
--- a/Documentation/asciidoc.conf
+++ b/Documentation/asciidoc.conf
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #
 # Note, {0} is the manpage section, while {target} is the command.
 #
-# Show GIT link as: <command>(<section>); if section is defined, else just show
+# Show Git link as: <command>(<section>); if section is defined, else just show
 # the command.
 
 [macros]
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
 # v1.72 breaks with this because it replaces dots not in roff requests.
 [listingblock]
 <example><title>{title}</title>
-<literallayout>
+<literallayout class="monospaced">
 ifdef::doctype-manpage[]
 &#10;.ft C&#10;
 endif::doctype-manpage[]
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
 # The following two small workarounds insert a simple paragraph after screen
 [listingblock]
 <example><title>{title}</title>
-<literallayout>
+<literallayout class="monospaced">
 |
 </literallayout><simpara></simpara>
 {title#}</example>
@@ -90,6 +90,8 @@
 endif::doctype-manpage[]
 
 ifdef::backend-xhtml11[]
+[attributes]
+git-relative-html-prefix=
 [linkgit-inlinemacro]
 <a href="{git-relative-html-prefix}{target}.html">{target}{0?({0})}</a>
 endif::backend-xhtml11[]
diff --git a/Documentation/blame-options.txt b/Documentation/blame-options.txt
index d4a51da..b0d31df 100644
--- a/Documentation/blame-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/blame-options.txt
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
 	running extra passes of inspection.
 +
 <num> is optional but it is the lower bound on the number of
-alphanumeric characters that git must detect as moving/copying
+alphanumeric characters that Git must detect as moving/copying
 within a file for it to associate those lines with the parent
 commit. The default value is 20.
 
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@
 	looks for copies from other files in any commit.
 +
 <num> is optional but it is the lower bound on the number of
-alphanumeric characters that git must detect as moving/copying
+alphanumeric characters that Git must detect as moving/copying
 between files for it to associate those lines with the parent
 commit. And the default value is 40. If there are more than one
 `-C` options given, the <num> argument of the last `-C` will
diff --git a/Documentation/cat-texi.perl b/Documentation/cat-texi.perl
index 828ec62..87437f8 100755
--- a/Documentation/cat-texi.perl
+++ b/Documentation/cat-texi.perl
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 		push @menu, $1;
 	}
 	s/\(\@pxref{\[(URLS|REMOTES)\]}\)//;
+	s/\@anchor\{[^{}]*\}//g;
 	print TMP;
 }
 close TMP;
diff --git a/Documentation/config.txt b/Documentation/config.txt
index 915cb5a..6e53fc5 100644
--- a/Documentation/config.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config.txt
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 CONFIGURATION FILE
 ------------------
 
-The git configuration file contains a number of variables that affect
-the git command's behavior. The `.git/config` file in each repository
+The Git configuration file contains a number of variables that affect
+the Git commands' behavior. The `.git/config` file in each repository
 is used to store the configuration for that repository, and
 `$HOME/.gitconfig` is used to store a per-user configuration as
 fallback values for the `.git/config` file. The file `/etc/gitconfig`
 can be used to store a system-wide default configuration.
 
-The configuration variables are used by both the git plumbing
+The configuration variables are used by both the Git plumbing
 and the porcelains. The variables are divided into sections, wherein
 the fully qualified variable name of the variable itself is the last
 dot-separated segment and the section name is everything before the last
@@ -140,10 +140,12 @@
 	can tell Git that you do not need help by setting these to 'false':
 +
 --
-	pushNonFastForward::
+	pushUpdateRejected::
 		Set this variable to 'false' if you want to disable
-		'pushNonFFCurrent', 'pushNonFFDefault', and
-		'pushNonFFMatching' simultaneously.
+		'pushNonFFCurrent', 'pushNonFFDefault',
+		'pushNonFFMatching', 'pushAlreadyExists',
+		'pushFetchFirst', and 'pushNeedsForce'
+		simultaneously.
 	pushNonFFCurrent::
 		Advice shown when linkgit:git-push[1] fails due to a
 		non-fast-forward update to the current branch.
@@ -158,15 +160,33 @@
 		'matching refs' explicitly (i.e. you used ':', or
 		specified a refspec that isn't your current branch) and
 		it resulted in a non-fast-forward error.
+	pushAlreadyExists::
+		Shown when linkgit:git-push[1] rejects an update that
+		does not qualify for fast-forwarding (e.g., a tag.)
+	pushFetchFirst::
+		Shown when linkgit:git-push[1] rejects an update that
+		tries to overwrite a remote ref that points at an
+		object we do not have.
+	pushNeedsForce::
+		Shown when linkgit:git-push[1] rejects an update that
+		tries to overwrite a remote ref that points at an
+		object that is not a committish, or make the remote
+		ref point at an object that is not a committish.
 	statusHints::
-		Directions on how to stage/unstage/add shown in the
-		output of linkgit:git-status[1] and the template shown
-		when writing commit messages.
+		Show directions on how to proceed from the current
+		state in the output of linkgit:git-status[1], in
+		the template shown when writing commit messages in
+		linkgit:git-commit[1], and in the help message shown
+		by linkgit:git-checkout[1] when switching branch.
+	statusUoption::
+		Advise to consider using the `-u` option to linkgit:git-status[1]
+		when the command takes more than 2 seconds to enumerate untracked
+		files.
 	commitBeforeMerge::
 		Advice shown when linkgit:git-merge[1] refuses to
 		merge to avoid overwriting local changes.
 	resolveConflict::
-		Advices shown by various commands when conflicts
+		Advice shown by various commands when conflicts
 		prevent the operation from being performed.
 	implicitIdentity::
 		Advice on how to set your identity configuration when
@@ -176,6 +196,9 @@
 		Advice shown when you used linkgit:git-checkout[1] to
 		move to the detach HEAD state, to instruct how to create
 		a local branch after the fact.
+	amWorkDir::
+		Advice that shows the location of the patch file when
+		linkgit:git-am[1] fails to apply it.
 --
 
 core.fileMode::
@@ -200,9 +223,9 @@
 
 core.ignorecase::
 	If true, this option enables various workarounds to enable
-	git to work better on filesystems that are not case sensitive,
+	Git to work better on filesystems that are not case sensitive,
 	like FAT. For example, if a directory listing finds
-	"makefile" when git expects "Makefile", git will assume
+	"makefile" when Git expects "Makefile", Git will assume
 	it is really the same file, and continue to remember it as
 	"Makefile".
 +
@@ -210,6 +233,15 @@
 will probe and set core.ignorecase true if appropriate when the repository
 is created.
 
+core.precomposeunicode::
+	This option is only used by Mac OS implementation of Git.
+	When core.precomposeunicode=true, Git reverts the unicode decomposition
+	of filenames done by Mac OS. This is useful when sharing a repository
+	between Mac OS and Linux or Windows.
+	(Git for Windows 1.7.10 or higher is needed, or Git under cygwin 1.7).
+	When false, file names are handled fully transparent by Git,
+	which is backward compatible with older versions of Git.
+
 core.trustctime::
 	If false, the ctime differences between the index and the
 	working tree are ignored; useful when the inode change time
@@ -217,6 +249,12 @@
 	crawlers and some backup systems).
 	See linkgit:git-update-index[1]. True by default.
 
+core.checkstat::
+	Determines which stat fields to match between the index
+	and work tree. The user can set this to 'default' or
+	'minimal'. Default (or explicitly 'default'), is to check
+	all fields, including the sub-second part of mtime and ctime.
+
 core.quotepath::
 	The commands that output paths (e.g. 'ls-files',
 	'diff'), when not given the `-z` option, will quote
@@ -238,20 +276,20 @@
 	conversion.
 
 core.safecrlf::
-	If true, makes git check if converting `CRLF` is reversible when
+	If true, makes Git check if converting `CRLF` is reversible when
 	end-of-line conversion is active.  Git will verify if a command
 	modifies a file in the work tree either directly or indirectly.
 	For example, committing a file followed by checking out the
 	same file should yield the original file in the work tree.  If
 	this is not the case for the current setting of
-	`core.autocrlf`, git will reject the file.  The variable can
-	be set to "warn", in which case git will only warn about an
+	`core.autocrlf`, Git will reject the file.  The variable can
+	be set to "warn", in which case Git will only warn about an
 	irreversible conversion but continue the operation.
 +
 CRLF conversion bears a slight chance of corrupting data.
-When it is enabled, git will convert CRLF to LF during commit and LF to
+When it is enabled, Git will convert CRLF to LF during commit and LF to
 CRLF during checkout.  A file that contains a mixture of LF and
-CRLF before the commit cannot be recreated by git.  For text
+CRLF before the commit cannot be recreated by Git.  For text
 files this is the right thing to do: it corrects line endings
 such that we have only LF line endings in the repository.
 But for binary files that are accidentally classified as text the
@@ -261,7 +299,7 @@
 setting the conversion type explicitly in .gitattributes.  Right
 after committing you still have the original file in your work
 tree and this file is not yet corrupted.  You can explicitly tell
-git that this file is binary and git will handle the file
+Git that this file is binary and Git will handle the file
 appropriately.
 +
 Unfortunately, the desired effect of cleaning up text files with
@@ -306,7 +344,7 @@
 core.gitProxy::
 	A "proxy command" to execute (as 'command host port') instead
 	of establishing direct connection to the remote server when
-	using the git protocol for fetching. If the variable value is
+	using the Git protocol for fetching. If the variable value is
 	in the "COMMAND for DOMAIN" format, the command is applied only
 	on hostnames ending with the specified domain string. This variable
 	may be set multiple times and is matched in the given order;
@@ -365,7 +403,7 @@
 file in a ".git" subdirectory of a directory and its value differs
 from the latter directory (e.g. "/path/to/.git/config" has
 core.worktree set to "/different/path"), which is most likely a
-misconfiguration.  Running git commands in the "/path/to" directory will
+misconfiguration.  Running Git commands in the "/path/to" directory will
 still use "/different/path" as the root of the work tree and can cause
 confusion unless you know what you are doing (e.g. you are creating a
 read-only snapshot of the same index to a location different from the
@@ -374,7 +412,7 @@
 core.logAllRefUpdates::
 	Enable the reflog. Updates to a ref <ref> is logged to the file
 	"$GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>", by appending the new and old
-	SHA1, the date/time and the reason of the update, but
+	SHA-1, the date/time and the reason of the update, but
 	only when the file exists.  If this configuration
 	variable is set to true, missing "$GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>"
 	file is automatically created for branch heads (i.e. under
@@ -397,7 +435,7 @@
 	several users in a group (making sure all the files and objects are
 	group-writable). When 'all' (or 'world' or 'everybody'), the
 	repository will be readable by all users, additionally to being
-	group-shareable. When 'umask' (or 'false'), git will use permissions
+	group-shareable. When 'umask' (or 'false'), Git will use permissions
 	reported by umask(2). When '0xxx', where '0xxx' is an octal number,
 	files in the repository will have this mode value. '0xxx' will override
 	user's umask value (whereas the other options will only override
@@ -408,8 +446,8 @@
 	See linkgit:git-init[1]. False by default.
 
 core.warnAmbiguousRefs::
-	If true, git will warn you if the ref name you passed it is ambiguous
-	and might match multiple refs in the .git/refs/ tree. True by default.
+	If true, Git will warn you if the ref name you passed it is ambiguous
+	and might match multiple refs in the repository. True by default.
 
 core.compression::
 	An integer -1..9, indicating a default compression level.
@@ -480,10 +518,12 @@
 
 core.excludesfile::
 	In addition to '.gitignore' (per-directory) and
-	'.git/info/exclude', git looks into this file for patterns
+	'.git/info/exclude', Git looks into this file for patterns
 	of files which are not meant to be tracked.  "`~/`" is expanded
 	to the value of `$HOME` and "`~user/`" to the specified user's
-	home directory.  See linkgit:gitignore[5].
+	home directory. Its default value is $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/ignore.
+	If $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is either not set or empty, $HOME/.config/git/ignore
+	is used instead. See linkgit:gitignore[5].
 
 core.askpass::
 	Some commands (e.g. svn and http interfaces) that interactively
@@ -496,9 +536,11 @@
 
 core.attributesfile::
 	In addition to '.gitattributes' (per-directory) and
-	'.git/info/attributes', git looks into this file for attributes
+	'.git/info/attributes', Git looks into this file for attributes
 	(see linkgit:gitattributes[5]). Path expansions are made the same
-	way as for `core.excludesfile`.
+	way as for `core.excludesfile`. Its default value is
+	$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/attributes. If $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is either not
+	set or empty, $HOME/.config/git/attributes is used instead.
 
 core.editor::
 	Commands such as `commit` and `tag` that lets you edit
@@ -506,29 +548,35 @@
 	variable when it is set, and the environment variable
 	`GIT_EDITOR` is not set.  See linkgit:git-var[1].
 
+core.commentchar::
+	Commands such as `commit` and `tag` that lets you edit
+	messages consider a line that begins with this character
+	commented, and removes them after the editor returns
+	(default '#').
+
 sequence.editor::
-	Text editor used by `git rebase -i` for editing the rebase insn file.
+	Text editor used by `git rebase -i` for editing the rebase instruction file.
 	The value is meant to be interpreted by the shell when it is used.
 	It can be overridden by the `GIT_SEQUENCE_EDITOR` environment variable.
 	When not configured the default commit message editor is used instead.
 
 core.pager::
-	The command that git will use to paginate output.  Can
+	The command that Git will use to paginate output.  Can
 	be overridden with the `GIT_PAGER` environment
-	variable.  Note that git sets the `LESS` environment
+	variable.  Note that Git sets the `LESS` environment
 	variable to `FRSX` if it is unset when it runs the
 	pager.  One can change these settings by setting the
 	`LESS` variable to some other value.  Alternately,
 	these settings can be overridden on a project or
 	global basis by setting the `core.pager` option.
-	Setting `core.pager` has no affect on the `LESS`
+	Setting `core.pager` has no effect on the `LESS`
 	environment variable behaviour above, so if you want
-	to override git's default settings this way, you need
+	to override Git's default settings this way, you need
 	to be explicit.  For example, to disable the S option
 	in a backward compatible manner, set `core.pager`
-	to `less -+$LESS -FRX`.  This will be passed to the
-	shell by git, which will translate the final command to
-	`LESS=FRSX less -+FRSX -FRX`.
+	to `less -+S`.  This will be passed to the shell by
+	Git, which will translate the final command to
+	`LESS=FRSX less -+S`.
 
 core.whitespace::
 	A comma separated list of common whitespace problems to
@@ -542,8 +590,9 @@
 * `space-before-tab` treats a space character that appears immediately
   before a tab character in the initial indent part of the line as an
   error (enabled by default).
-* `indent-with-non-tab` treats a line that is indented with 8 or more
-  space characters as an error (not enabled by default).
+* `indent-with-non-tab` treats a line that is indented with space
+  characters instead of the equivalent tabs as an error (not enabled by
+  default).
 * `tab-in-indent` treats a tab character in the initial indent part of
   the line as an error (not enabled by default).
 * `blank-at-eof` treats blank lines added at the end of file as an error
@@ -555,7 +604,7 @@
   does not trigger if the character before such a carriage-return
   is not a whitespace (not enabled by default).
 * `tabwidth=<n>` tells how many character positions a tab occupies; this
-  is relevant for `indent-with-non-tab` and when git fixes `tab-in-indent`
+  is relevant for `indent-with-non-tab` and when Git fixes `tab-in-indent`
   errors. The default tab width is 8. Allowed values are 1 to 63.
 
 core.fsyncobjectfiles::
@@ -571,7 +620,7 @@
 +
 This can speed up operations like 'git diff' and 'git status' especially
 on filesystems like NFS that have weak caching semantics and thus
-relatively high IO latencies.  With this set to 'true', git will do the
+relatively high IO latencies.  With this set to 'true', Git will do the
 index comparison to the filesystem data in parallel, allowing
 overlapping IO's.
 
@@ -607,9 +656,9 @@
 add.ignoreErrors::
 	Tells 'git add' to continue adding files when some files cannot be
 	added due to indexing errors. Equivalent to the '--ignore-errors'
-	option of linkgit:git-add[1].  Older versions of git accept only
+	option of linkgit:git-add[1].  Older versions of Git accept only
 	`add.ignore-errors`, which does not follow the usual naming
-	convention for configuration variables.  Newer versions of git
+	convention for configuration variables.  Newer versions of Git
 	honor `add.ignoreErrors` as well.
 
 alias.*::
@@ -617,7 +666,7 @@
 	after defining "alias.last = cat-file commit HEAD", the invocation
 	"git last" is equivalent to "git cat-file commit HEAD". To avoid
 	confusion and troubles with script usage, aliases that
-	hide existing git commands are ignored. Arguments are split by
+	hide existing Git commands are ignored. Arguments are split by
 	spaces, the usual shell quoting and escaping is supported.
 	quote pair and a backslash can be used to quote them.
 +
@@ -664,7 +713,7 @@
 
 branch.autosetuprebase::
 	When a new branch is created with 'git branch' or 'git checkout'
-	that tracks another branch, this variable tells git to set
+	that tracks another branch, this variable tells Git to set
 	up pull to rebase instead of merge (see "branch.<name>.rebase").
 	When `never`, rebase is never automatically set to true.
 	When `local`, rebase is set to true for tracked branches of
@@ -678,9 +727,22 @@
 	This option defaults to never.
 
 branch.<name>.remote::
-	When in branch <name>, it tells 'git fetch' and 'git push' which
-	remote to fetch from/push to.  It defaults to `origin` if no remote is
-	configured. `origin` is also used if you are not on any branch.
+	When on branch <name>, it tells 'git fetch' and 'git push'
+	which remote to fetch from/push to.  The remote to push to
+	may be overridden with `remote.pushdefault` (for all branches).
+	The remote to push to, for the current branch, may be further
+	overridden by `branch.<name>.pushremote`.  If no remote is
+	configured, or if you are not on any branch, it defaults to
+	`origin` for fetching and `remote.pushdefault` for pushing.
+
+branch.<name>.pushremote::
+	When on branch <name>, it overrides `branch.<name>.remote` for
+	pushing.  It also overrides `remote.pushdefault` for pushing
+	from branch <name>.  When you pull from one place (e.g. your
+	upstream) and push to another place (e.g. your own publishing
+	repository), you would want to set `remote.pushdefault` to
+	specify the remote to push to for all branches, and use this
+	option to override it for a specific branch.
 
 branch.<name>.merge::
 	Defines, together with branch.<name>.remote, the upstream branch
@@ -716,6 +778,12 @@
 it unless you understand the implications (see linkgit:git-rebase[1]
 for details).
 
+branch.<name>.description::
+	Branch description, can be edited with
+	`git branch --edit-description`. Branch description is
+	automatically added in the format-patch cover letter or
+	request-pull summary.
+
 browser.<tool>.cmd::
 	Specify the command to invoke the specified browser. The
 	specified command is evaluated in shell with the URLs passed
@@ -739,7 +807,8 @@
 color.branch.<slot>::
 	Use customized color for branch coloration. `<slot>` is one of
 	`current` (the current branch), `local` (a local branch),
-	`remote` (a remote-tracking branch in refs/remotes/), `plain` (other
+	`remote` (a remote-tracking branch in refs/remotes/),
+	`upstream` (upstream tracking branch), `plain` (other
 	refs).
 +
 The value for these configuration variables is a list of colors (at most
@@ -839,7 +908,7 @@
 	one of `header` (the header text of the status message),
 	`added` or `updated` (files which are added but not committed),
 	`changed` (files which are changed but not added in the index),
-	`untracked` (files which are not tracked by git),
+	`untracked` (files which are not tracked by Git),
 	`branch` (the current branch), or
 	`nobranch` (the color the 'no branch' warning is shown in, defaulting
 	to red). The values of these variables may be specified as in
@@ -853,7 +922,7 @@
 	to `always` if you want all output not intended for machine
 	consumption to use color, to `true` or `auto` if you want such
 	output to use color when written to the terminal, or to `false` or
-	`never` if you prefer git commands not to use color unless enabled
+	`never` if you prefer Git commands not to use color unless enabled
 	explicitly with some other configuration or the `--color` option.
 
 column.ui::
@@ -880,7 +949,7 @@
 	make equal size columns
 --
 +
-	This option defaults to 'never'.
+This option defaults to 'never'.
 
 column.branch::
 	Specify whether to output branch listing in `git branch` in columns.
@@ -894,6 +963,15 @@
 	Specify whether to output tag listing in `git tag` in columns.
 	See `column.ui` for details.
 
+commit.cleanup::
+	This setting overrides the default of the `--cleanup` option in
+	`git commit`. See linkgit:git-commit[1] for details. Changing the
+	default can be useful when you always want to keep lines that begin
+	with comment character `#` in your log message, in which case you
+	would do `git config commit.cleanup whitespace` (note that you will
+	have to remove the help lines that begin with `#` in the commit log
+	template yourself, if you do this).
+
 commit.status::
 	A boolean to enable/disable inclusion of status information in the
 	commit message template when using an editor to prepare the commit
@@ -944,12 +1022,6 @@
 difftool.prompt::
 	Prompt before each invocation of the diff tool.
 
-diff.wordRegex::
-	A POSIX Extended Regular Expression used to determine what is a "word"
-	when performing word-by-word difference calculations.  Character
-	sequences that match the regular expression are "words", all other
-	characters are *ignorable* whitespace.
-
 fetch.recurseSubmodules::
 	This option can be either set to a boolean value or to 'on-demand'.
 	Setting it to a boolean changes the behavior of fetch and pull to
@@ -967,7 +1039,7 @@
 	is used instead.
 
 fetch.unpackLimit::
-	If the number of objects fetched over the git native
+	If the number of objects fetched over the Git native
 	transfer is below this
 	limit, then the objects will be unpacked into loose object
 	files. However if the number of received objects equals or
@@ -1007,7 +1079,7 @@
 
 format.signature::
 	The default for format-patch is to output a signature containing
-	the git version number. Use this variable to change that default.
+	the Git version number. Use this variable to change that default.
 	Set this variable to the empty string ("") to suppress
 	signature generation.
 
@@ -1032,11 +1104,16 @@
 	value disables threading.
 
 format.signoff::
-    A boolean value which lets you enable the `-s/--signoff` option of
-    format-patch by default. *Note:* Adding the Signed-off-by: line to a
-    patch should be a conscious act and means that you certify you have
-    the rights to submit this work under the same open source license.
-    Please see the 'SubmittingPatches' document for further discussion.
+	A boolean value which lets you enable the `-s/--signoff` option of
+	format-patch by default. *Note:* Adding the Signed-off-by: line to a
+	patch should be a conscious act and means that you certify you have
+	the rights to submit this work under the same open source license.
+	Please see the 'SubmittingPatches' document for further discussion.
+
+format.coverLetter::
+	A boolean that controls whether to generate a cover-letter when
+	format-patch is invoked, but in addition can be set to "auto", to
+	generate a cover-letter only when there's more than one patch.
 
 filter.<driver>.clean::
 	The command which is used to convert the content of a worktree
@@ -1120,7 +1197,7 @@
 gitcvs.usecrlfattr::
 	If true, the server will look up the end-of-line conversion
 	attributes for files to determine the '-k' modes to use. If
-	the attributes force git to treat a file as text,
+	the attributes force Git to treat a file as text,
 	the '-k' mode will be left blank so CVS clients will
 	treat it as text. If they suppress text conversion, the file
 	will be set with '-kb' mode, which suppresses any newline munging
@@ -1140,7 +1217,7 @@
 
 gitcvs.dbname::
 	Database used by git-cvsserver to cache revision information
-	derived from the git repository. The exact meaning depends on the
+	derived from the Git repository. The exact meaning depends on the
 	used database driver, for SQLite (which is the default driver) this
 	is a filename. Supports variable substitution (see
 	linkgit:git-cvsserver[1] for details). May not contain semicolons (`;`).
@@ -1148,7 +1225,7 @@
 
 gitcvs.dbdriver::
 	Used Perl DBI driver. You can specify any available driver
-        for this here, but it might not work. git-cvsserver is tested
+	for this here, but it might not work. git-cvsserver is tested
 	with 'DBD::SQLite', reported to work with 'DBD::Pg', and
 	reported *not* to work with 'DBD::mysql'. Experimental feature.
 	May not contain double colons (`:`). Default: 'SQLite'.
@@ -1193,8 +1270,16 @@
 grep.lineNumber::
 	If set to true, enable '-n' option by default.
 
+grep.patternType::
+	Set the default matching behavior. Using a value of 'basic', 'extended',
+	'fixed', or 'perl' will enable the '--basic-regexp', '--extended-regexp',
+	'--fixed-strings', or '--perl-regexp' option accordingly, while the
+	value 'default' will return to the default matching behavior.
+
 grep.extendedRegexp::
-	If set to true, enable '--extended-regexp' option by default.
+	If set to true, enable '--extended-regexp' option by default. This
+	option is ignored when the 'grep.patternType' option is set to a value
+	other than 'default'.
 
 gpg.program::
 	Use this custom program instead of "gpg" found on $PATH when
@@ -1330,6 +1415,12 @@
 	value is 0 - the command will be just shown but not executed.
 	This is the default.
 
+help.htmlpath::
+	Specify the path where the HTML documentation resides. File system paths
+	and URLs are supported. HTML pages will be prefixed with this path when
+	help is displayed in the 'web' format. This defaults to the documentation
+	path of your Git installation.
+
 http.proxy::
 	Override the HTTP proxy, normally configured using the 'http_proxy',
 	'https_proxy', and 'all_proxy' environment variables (see
@@ -1338,7 +1429,7 @@
 
 http.cookiefile::
 	File containing previously stored cookie lines which should be used
-	in the git http session, if they match the server. The file format
+	in the Git http session, if they match the server. The file format
 	of the file to read cookies from should be plain HTTP headers or
 	the Netscape/Mozilla cookie file format (see linkgit:curl[1]).
 	NOTE that the file specified with http.cookiefile is only used as
@@ -1360,7 +1451,7 @@
 	variable.
 
 http.sslCertPasswordProtected::
-	Enable git's password prompt for the SSL certificate.  Otherwise
+	Enable Git's password prompt for the SSL certificate.  Otherwise
 	OpenSSL will prompt the user, possibly many times, if the
 	certificate or private key is encrypted.  Can be overridden by the
 	'GIT_SSL_CERT_PASSWORD_PROTECTED' environment variable.
@@ -1375,6 +1466,14 @@
 	with when fetching or pushing over HTTPS. Can be overridden
 	by the 'GIT_SSL_CAPATH' environment variable.
 
+http.sslTry::
+	Attempt to use AUTH SSL/TLS and encrypted data transfers
+	when connecting via regular FTP protocol. This might be needed
+	if the FTP server requires it for security reasons or you wish
+	to connect securely whenever remote FTP server supports it.
+	Default is false since it might trigger certificate verification
+	errors on misconfigured servers.
+
 http.maxRequests::
 	How many HTTP requests to launch in parallel. Can be overridden
 	by the 'GIT_HTTP_MAX_REQUESTS' environment variable. Default is 5.
@@ -1407,7 +1506,7 @@
 
 http.useragent::
 	The HTTP USER_AGENT string presented to an HTTP server.  The default
-	value represents the version of the client git such as git/1.7.1.
+	value represents the version of the client Git such as git/1.7.1.
 	This option allows you to override this value to a more common value
 	such as Mozilla/4.0.  This may be necessary, for instance, if
 	connecting through a firewall that restricts HTTP connections to a set
@@ -1415,7 +1514,7 @@
 	Can be overridden by the 'GIT_HTTP_USER_AGENT' environment variable.
 
 i18n.commitEncoding::
-	Character encoding the commit messages are stored in; git itself
+	Character encoding the commit messages are stored in; Git itself
 	does not care per se, but this information is necessary e.g. when
 	importing commits from emails or in the gitk graphical history
 	browser (and possibly at other places in the future or in other
@@ -1488,6 +1587,10 @@
 	Tools like linkgit:git-log[1] or linkgit:git-whatchanged[1], which
 	normally hide the root commit will now show it. True by default.
 
+log.mailmap::
+	If true, makes linkgit:git-log[1], linkgit:git-show[1], and
+	linkgit:git-whatchanged[1] assume `--use-mailmap`.
+
 mailmap.file::
 	The location of an augmenting mailmap file. The default
 	mailmap, located in the root of the repository, is loaded
@@ -1496,6 +1599,14 @@
 	subdirectory, or somewhere outside of the repository itself.
 	See linkgit:git-shortlog[1] and linkgit:git-blame[1].
 
+mailmap.blob::
+	Like `mailmap.file`, but consider the value as a reference to a
+	blob in the repository. If both `mailmap.file` and
+	`mailmap.blob` are given, both are parsed, with entries from
+	`mailmap.file` taking precedence. In a bare repository, this
+	defaults to `HEAD:.mailmap`. In a non-bare repository, it
+	defaults to empty.
+
 man.viewer::
 	Specify the programs that may be used to display help in the
 	'man' format. See linkgit:git-help[1].
@@ -1541,7 +1652,7 @@
 	`true` (i.e. keep the backup files).
 
 mergetool.keepTemporaries::
-	When invoking a custom merge tool, git uses a set of temporary
+	When invoking a custom merge tool, Git uses a set of temporary
 	files to pass to the tool. If the tool returns an error and this
 	variable is set to `true`, then these temporary files will be
 	preserved, otherwise they will be removed after the tool has
@@ -1569,7 +1680,7 @@
 
 notes.rewrite.<command>::
 	When rewriting commits with <command> (currently `amend` or
-	`rebase`) and this variable is set to `true`, git
+	`rebase`) and this variable is set to `true`, Git
 	automatically copies your notes from the original to the
 	rewritten commit.  Defaults to `true`, but see
 	"notes.rewriteRef" below.
@@ -1649,7 +1760,7 @@
 	warning. This is meant to reduce packing time on multiprocessor
 	machines. The required amount of memory for the delta search window
 	is however multiplied by the number of threads.
-	Specifying 0 will cause git to auto-detect the number of CPU's
+	Specifying 0 will cause Git to auto-detect the number of CPU's
 	and set the number of threads accordingly.
 
 pack.indexVersion::
@@ -1661,11 +1772,11 @@
 	and this config option ignored whenever the corresponding pack is
 	larger than 2 GB.
 +
-If you have an old git that does not understand the version 2 `*.idx` file,
+If you have an old Git that does not understand the version 2 `*.idx` file,
 cloning or fetching over a non native protocol (e.g. "http" and "rsync")
 that will copy both `*.pack` file and corresponding `*.idx` file from the
 other side may give you a repository that cannot be accessed with your
-older version of git. If the `*.pack` file is smaller than 2 GB, however,
+older version of Git. If the `*.pack` file is smaller than 2 GB, however,
 you can use linkgit:git-index-pack[1] on the *.pack file to regenerate
 the `*.idx` file.
 
@@ -1680,7 +1791,7 @@
 
 pager.<cmd>::
 	If the value is boolean, turns on or off pagination of the
-	output of a particular git subcommand when writing to a tty.
+	output of a particular Git subcommand when writing to a tty.
 	Otherwise, turns on pagination for the subcommand using the
 	pager specified by the value of `pager.<cmd>`.  If `--paginate`
 	or `--no-pager` is specified on the command line, it takes
@@ -1715,11 +1826,12 @@
 	The default merge strategy to use when pulling a single branch.
 
 push.default::
-	Defines the action git push should take if no refspec is given
+	Defines the action `git push` should take if no refspec is given
 	on the command line, no refspec is configured in the remote, and
 	no refspec is implied by any of the options given on the command
 	line. Possible values are:
 +
+--
 * `nothing` - do not push anything.
 * `matching` - push all branches having the same name in both ends.
   This is for those who prepare all the branches into a publishable
@@ -1730,7 +1842,8 @@
   +
   This is currently the default, but Git 2.0 will change the default
   to `simple`.
-* `upstream` - push the current branch to its upstream branch.
+* `upstream` - push the current branch to its upstream branch
+  (`tracking` is a deprecated synonym for this).
   With this, `git push` will update the same remote ref as the one which
   is merged by `git pull`, making `push` and `pull` symmetrical.
   See "branch.<name>.merge" for how to configure the upstream branch.
@@ -1739,12 +1852,13 @@
   option and is well-suited for beginners. It will become the default
   in Git 2.0.
 * `current` - push the current branch to a branch of the same name.
-  +
-  The `simple`, `current` and `upstream` modes are for those who want to
-  push out a single branch after finishing work, even when the other
-  branches are not yet ready to be pushed out. If you are working with
-  other people to push into the same shared repository, you would want
-  to use one of these.
+--
++
+The `simple`, `current` and `upstream` modes are for those who want to
+push out a single branch after finishing work, even when the other
+branches are not yet ready to be pushed out. If you are working with
+other people to push into the same shared repository, you would want
+to use one of these.
 
 rebase.stat::
 	Whether to show a diffstat of what changed upstream since the last
@@ -1798,10 +1912,24 @@
 	even if that push is forced. This configuration variable is
 	set when initializing a shared repository.
 
+receive.hiderefs::
+	String(s) `receive-pack` uses to decide which refs to omit
+	from its initial advertisement.  Use more than one
+	definitions to specify multiple prefix strings. A ref that
+	are under the hierarchies listed on the value of this
+	variable is excluded, and is hidden when responding to `git
+	push`, and an attempt to update or delete a hidden ref by
+	`git push` is rejected.
+
 receive.updateserverinfo::
 	If set to true, git-receive-pack will run git-update-server-info
 	after receiving data from git-push and updating refs.
 
+remote.pushdefault::
+	The remote to push to by default.  Overrides
+	`branch.<name>.remote` for all branches, and is overridden by
+	`branch.<name>.pushremote` for specific branches.
+
 remote.<name>.url::
 	The URL of a remote repository.  See linkgit:git-fetch[1] or
 	linkgit:git-push[1].
@@ -1853,7 +1981,7 @@
 	linkgit:git-fetch[1].
 
 remote.<name>.vcs::
-	Setting this to a value <vcs> will cause git to interact with
+	Setting this to a value <vcs> will cause Git to interact with
 	the remote with the git-remote-<vcs> helper.
 
 remotes.<group>::
@@ -1863,9 +1991,9 @@
 repack.usedeltabaseoffset::
 	By default, linkgit:git-repack[1] creates packs that use
 	delta-base offset. If you need to share your repository with
-	git older than version 1.4.4, either directly or via a dumb
+	Git older than version 1.4.4, either directly or via a dumb
 	protocol such as http, then you need to set this option to
-	"false" and repack. Access from old git versions over the
+	"false" and repack. Access from old Git versions over the
 	native protocol are unaffected by this option.
 
 rerere.autoupdate::
@@ -1902,6 +2030,7 @@
 
 sendemail.aliasesfile::
 sendemail.aliasfiletype::
+sendemail.annotate::
 sendemail.bcc::
 sendemail.cc::
 sendemail.cccmd::
@@ -1934,7 +2063,7 @@
 status.relativePaths::
 	By default, linkgit:git-status[1] shows paths relative to the
 	current directory. Setting this variable to `false` shows paths
-	relative to the repository root (this was the default for git
+	relative to the repository root (this was the default for Git
 	prior to v1.5.4).
 
 status.showUntrackedFiles::
@@ -1972,6 +2101,12 @@
 	URL and other values found in the `.gitmodules` file.  See
 	linkgit:git-submodule[1] and linkgit:gitmodules[5] for details.
 
+submodule.<name>.branch::
+	The remote branch name for a submodule, used by `git submodule
+	update --remote`.  Set this option to override the value found in
+	the `.gitmodules` file.  See linkgit:git-submodule[1] and
+	linkgit:gitmodules[5] for details.
+
 submodule.<name>.fetchRecurseSubmodules::
 	This option can be used to control recursive fetching of this
 	submodule. It can be overridden by using the --[no-]recurse-submodules
@@ -2004,18 +2139,38 @@
 	not set, the value of this variable is used instead.
 	Defaults to false.
 
+transfer.hiderefs::
+	This variable can be used to set both `receive.hiderefs`
+	and `uploadpack.hiderefs` at the same time to the same
+	values.  See entries for these other variables.
+
 transfer.unpackLimit::
 	When `fetch.unpackLimit` or `receive.unpackLimit` are
 	not set, the value of this variable is used instead.
 	The default value is 100.
 
+uploadpack.hiderefs::
+	String(s) `upload-pack` uses to decide which refs to omit
+	from its initial advertisement.  Use more than one
+	definitions to specify multiple prefix strings. A ref that
+	are under the hierarchies listed on the value of this
+	variable is excluded, and is hidden from `git ls-remote`,
+	`git fetch`, etc.  An attempt to fetch a hidden ref by `git
+	fetch` will fail.  See also `uploadpack.allowtipsha1inwant`.
+
+uploadpack.allowtipsha1inwant::
+	When `uploadpack.hiderefs` is in effect, allow `upload-pack`
+	to accept a fetch request that asks for an object at the tip
+	of a hidden ref (by default, such a request is rejected).
+	see also `uploadpack.hiderefs`.
+
 url.<base>.insteadOf::
 	Any URL that starts with this value will be rewritten to
 	start, instead, with <base>. In cases where some site serves a
 	large number of repositories, and serves them with multiple
 	access methods, and some users need to use different access
 	methods, this feature allows people to specify any of the
-	equivalent URLs and have git automatically rewrite the URL to
+	equivalent URLs and have Git automatically rewrite the URL to
 	the best alternative for the particular user, even for a
 	never-before-seen repository on the site.  When more than one
 	insteadOf strings match a given URL, the longest match is used.
@@ -2026,11 +2181,11 @@
 	resulting URL will be pushed to. In cases where some site serves
 	a large number of repositories, and serves them with multiple
 	access methods, some of which do not allow push, this feature
-	allows people to specify a pull-only URL and have git
+	allows people to specify a pull-only URL and have Git
 	automatically use an appropriate URL to push, even for a
 	never-before-seen repository on the site.  When more than one
 	pushInsteadOf strings match a given URL, the longest match is
-	used.  If a remote has an explicit pushurl, git will ignore this
+	used.  If a remote has an explicit pushurl, Git will ignore this
 	setting for that remote.
 
 user.email::
diff --git a/Documentation/diff-config.txt b/Documentation/diff-config.txt
index 6aa1be0..ac77050 100644
--- a/Documentation/diff-config.txt
+++ b/Documentation/diff-config.txt
@@ -54,7 +54,11 @@
 
 diff.statGraphWidth::
 	Limit the width of the graph part in --stat output. If set, applies
-	to all commands generating --stat outuput except format-patch.
+	to all commands generating --stat output except format-patch.
+
+diff.context::
+	Generate diffs with <n> lines of context instead of the default
+	of 3. This value is overridden by the -U option.
 
 diff.external::
 	If this config variable is set, diff generation is not
@@ -95,7 +99,7 @@
 	detection; equivalent to the 'git diff' option '-l'.
 
 diff.renames::
-	Tells git to detect renames.  If set to any boolean value, it
+	Tells Git to detect renames.  If set to any boolean value, it
 	will enable basic rename detection.  If set to "copies" or
 	"copy", it will detect copies, as well.
 
@@ -103,6 +107,19 @@
 	A boolean to inhibit the standard behavior of printing a space
 	before each empty output line. Defaults to false.
 
+diff.submodule::
+	Specify the format in which differences in submodules are
+	shown.  The "log" format lists the commits in the range like
+	linkgit:git-submodule[1] `summary` does.  The "short" format
+	format just shows the names of the commits at the beginning
+	and end of the range.  Defaults to short.
+
+diff.wordRegex::
+	A POSIX Extended Regular Expression used to determine what is a "word"
+	when performing word-by-word difference calculations.  Character
+	sequences that match the regular expression are "words", all other
+	characters are *ignorable* whitespace.
+
 diff.<driver>.command::
 	The custom diff driver command.  See linkgit:gitattributes[5]
 	for details.
@@ -132,9 +149,27 @@
 	conversion outputs.  See linkgit:gitattributes[5] for details.
 
 diff.tool::
-	The diff tool to be used by linkgit:git-difftool[1].  This
-	option overrides `merge.tool`, and has the same valid built-in
-	values as `merge.tool` minus "tortoisemerge" and plus
-	"kompare".  Any other value is treated as a custom diff tool,
-	and there must be a corresponding `difftool.<tool>.cmd`
-	option.
+	Controls which diff tool is used by linkgit:git-difftool[1].
+	This variable overrides the value configured in `merge.tool`.
+	The list below shows the valid built-in values.
+	Any other value is treated as a custom diff tool and requires
+	that a corresponding difftool.<tool>.cmd variable is defined.
+
+include::mergetools-diff.txt[]
+
+diff.algorithm::
+	Choose a diff algorithm.  The variants are as follows:
++
+--
+`default`, `myers`;;
+	The basic greedy diff algorithm. Currently, this is the default.
+`minimal`;;
+	Spend extra time to make sure the smallest possible diff is
+	produced.
+`patience`;;
+	Use "patience diff" algorithm when generating patches.
+`histogram`;;
+	This algorithm extends the patience algorithm to "support
+	low-occurrence common elements".
+--
++
diff --git a/Documentation/diff-options.txt b/Documentation/diff-options.txt
index 6cfedd8..a85288f 100644
--- a/Documentation/diff-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/diff-options.txt
@@ -55,11 +55,31 @@
 --histogram::
 	Generate a diff using the "histogram diff" algorithm.
 
+--diff-algorithm={patience|minimal|histogram|myers}::
+	Choose a diff algorithm. The variants are as follows:
++
+--
+`default`, `myers`;;
+	The basic greedy diff algorithm. Currently, this is the default.
+`minimal`;;
+	Spend extra time to make sure the smallest possible diff is
+	produced.
+`patience`;;
+	Use "patience diff" algorithm when generating patches.
+`histogram`;;
+	This algorithm extends the patience algorithm to "support
+	low-occurrence common elements".
+--
++
+For instance, if you configured diff.algorithm variable to a
+non-default value and want to use the default one, then you
+have to use `--diff-algorithm=default` option.
+
 --stat[=<width>[,<name-width>[,<count>]]]::
 	Generate a diffstat. By default, as much space as necessary
 	will be used for the filename part, and the rest for the graph
 	part. Maximum width defaults to terminal width, or 80 columns
-	if not connected to a terminal, and can be overriden by
+	if not connected to a terminal, and can be overridden by
 	`<width>`. The width of the filename part can be limited by
 	giving another width `<name-width>` after a comma. The width
 	of the graph part can be limited by using
@@ -170,12 +190,13 @@
 	the commits in the range like linkgit:git-submodule[1] `summary` does.
 	Omitting the `--submodule` option or specifying `--submodule=short`,
 	uses the 'short' format. This format just shows the names of the commits
-	at the beginning and end of the range.
+	at the beginning and end of the range.  Can be tweaked via the
+	`diff.submodule` configuration variable.
 
 --color[=<when>]::
 	Show colored diff.
-	The value must be `always` (the default for `<when>`), `never`, or `auto`.
-	The default value is `never`.
+	`--color` (i.e. without '=<when>') is the same as `--color=always`.
+	'<when>' can be one of `always`, `never`, or `auto`.
 ifdef::git-diff[]
 	It can be changed by the `color.ui` and `color.diff`
 	configuration settings.
@@ -282,7 +303,7 @@
 single deletion of everything old followed by a single insertion of
 everything new, and the number `m` controls this aspect of the -B
 option (defaults to 60%). `-B/70%` specifies that less than 30% of the
-original should remain in the result for git to consider it a total
+original should remain in the result for Git to consider it a total
 rewrite (i.e. otherwise the resulting patch will be a series of
 deletion and insertion mixed together with context lines).
 +
@@ -306,9 +327,13 @@
 endif::git-log[]
 	If `n` is specified, it is a threshold on the similarity
 	index (i.e. amount of addition/deletions compared to the
-	file's size). For example, `-M90%` means git should consider a
+	file's size). For example, `-M90%` means Git should consider a
 	delete/add pair to be a rename if more than 90% of the file
-	hasn't changed.
+	hasn't changed.  Without a `%` sign, the number is to be read as
+	a fraction, with a decimal point before it.  I.e., `-M5` becomes
+	0.5, and is thus the same as `-M50%`.  Similarly, `-M05` is
+	the same as `-M5%`.  To limit detection to exact renames, use
+	`-M100%`.
 
 -C[<n>]::
 --find-copies[=<n>]::
@@ -358,14 +383,36 @@
 	that matches other criteria, nothing is selected.
 
 -S<string>::
-	Look for differences that introduce or remove an instance of
-	<string>. Note that this is different than the string simply
-	appearing in diff output; see the 'pickaxe' entry in
-	linkgit:gitdiffcore[7] for more details.
+	Look for differences that change the number of occurrences of
+	the specified string (i.e. addition/deletion) in a file.
+	Intended for the scripter's use.
++
+It is useful when you're looking for an exact block of code (like a
+struct), and want to know the history of that block since it first
+came into being: use the feature iteratively to feed the interesting
+block in the preimage back into `-S`, and keep going until you get the
+very first version of the block.
 
 -G<regex>::
-	Look for differences whose added or removed line matches
-	the given <regex>.
+	Look for differences whose patch text contains added/removed
+	lines that match <regex>.
++
+To illustrate the difference between `-S<regex> --pickaxe-regex` and
+`-G<regex>`, consider a commit with the following diff in the same
+file:
++
+----
++    return !regexec(regexp, two->ptr, 1, &regmatch, 0);
+...
+-    hit = !regexec(regexp, mf2.ptr, 1, &regmatch, 0);
+----
++
+While `git log -G"regexec\(regexp"` will show this commit, `git log
+-S"regexec\(regexp" --pickaxe-regex` will not (because the number of
+occurrences of that string did not change).
++
+See the 'pickaxe' entry in linkgit:gitdiffcore[7] for more
+information.
 
 --pickaxe-all::
 	When `-S` or `-G` finds a change, show all the changes in that
@@ -373,8 +420,8 @@
 	in <string>.
 
 --pickaxe-regex::
-	Make the <string> not a plain string but an extended POSIX
-	regex to match.
+	Treat the <string> given to `-S` as an extended POSIX regular
+	expression to match.
 endif::git-format-patch[]
 
 -O<orderfile>::
@@ -455,7 +502,7 @@
 
 --ignore-submodules[=<when>]::
 	Ignore changes to submodules in the diff generation. <when> can be
-	either "none", "untracked", "dirty" or "all", which is the default
+	either "none", "untracked", "dirty" or "all", which is the default.
 	Using "none" will consider the submodule modified when it either contains
 	untracked or modified files or its HEAD differs from the commit recorded
 	in the superproject and can be used to override any settings of the
diff --git a/Documentation/everyday.txt b/Documentation/everyday.txt
index 048337b..e1fba85 100644
--- a/Documentation/everyday.txt
+++ b/Documentation/everyday.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Everyday GIT With 20 Commands Or So
+Everyday Git With 20 Commands Or So
 ===================================
 
 <<Individual Developer (Standalone)>> commands are essential for
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 <<Repository Administration>> commands are for system
 administrators who are responsible for the care and feeding
-of git repositories.
+of Git repositories.
 
 
 Individual Developer (Standalone)[[Individual Developer (Standalone)]]
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@
 +
 <1> create a new topic branch.
 <2> revert your botched changes in `curses/ux_audio_oss.c`.
-<3> you need to tell git if you added a new file; removal and
+<3> you need to tell Git if you added a new file; removal and
 modification will be caught if you do `git commit -a` later.
 <4> to see what changes you are committing.
 <5> commit everything as you have tested, with your sign-off.
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@
 Examples
 ~~~~~~~~
 
-My typical GIT day.::
+My typical Git day.::
 +
 ------------
 $ git status <1>
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@
 ------------
 $ cat /etc/xinetd.d/git-daemon
 # default: off
-# description: The git server offers access to git repositories
+# description: The Git server offers access to Git repositories
 service git
 {
         disable = no
diff --git a/Documentation/fetch-options.txt b/Documentation/fetch-options.txt
index 39d326a..9cb6496 100644
--- a/Documentation/fetch-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/fetch-options.txt
@@ -8,9 +8,14 @@
 	option old data in `.git/FETCH_HEAD` will be overwritten.
 
 --depth=<depth>::
-	Deepen the history of a 'shallow' repository created by
+	Deepen or shorten the history of a 'shallow' repository created by
 	`git clone` with `--depth=<depth>` option (see linkgit:git-clone[1])
-	by the specified number of commits.
+	to the specified number of commits from the tip of each remote
+	branch history. Tags for the deepened commits are not fetched.
+
+--unshallow::
+	Convert a shallow repository to a complete one, removing all
+	the limitations imposed by shallow repositories.
 
 ifndef::git-pull[]
 --dry-run::
@@ -56,14 +61,11 @@
 ifndef::git-pull[]
 -t::
 --tags::
-	Most of the tags are fetched automatically as branch
-	heads are downloaded, but tags that do not point at
-	objects reachable from the branch heads that are being
-	tracked will not be fetched by this mechanism.  This
-	flag lets all tags and their associated objects be
-	downloaded. The default behavior for a remote may be
-	specified with the remote.<name>.tagopt setting. See
-	linkgit:git-config[1].
+	This is a short-hand for giving "refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*"
+	refspec from the command line, to ask all tags to be fetched
+	and stored locally.  Because this acts as an explicit
+	refspec, the default refspecs (configured with the
+	remote.$name.fetch variable) are overridden and not used.
 
 --recurse-submodules[=yes|on-demand|no]::
 	This option controls if and under what conditions new commits of
diff --git a/Documentation/git-add.txt b/Documentation/git-add.txt
index 9c1d395..48754cb 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-add.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-add.txt
@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@
 --------
 [verse]
 'git add' [-n] [-v] [--force | -f] [--interactive | -i] [--patch | -p]
-	  [--edit | -e] [--all | [--update | -u]] [--intent-to-add | -N]
-	  [--refresh] [--ignore-errors] [--ignore-missing] [--]
-	  [<filepattern>...]
+	  [--edit | -e] [--[no-]all | --[no-]ignore-removal | [--update | -u]]
+	  [--intent-to-add | -N] [--refresh] [--ignore-errors] [--ignore-missing]
+	  [--] [<pathspec>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
-<filepattern>...::
+<pathspec>...::
 	Files to add content from.  Fileglobs (e.g. `*.c`) can
 	be given to add all matching files.  Also a
 	leading directory name (e.g. `dir` to add `dir/file1`
@@ -100,23 +100,40 @@
 
 -u::
 --update::
-	Only match <filepattern> against already tracked files in
-	the index rather than the working tree. That means that it
-	will never stage new files, but that it will stage modified
-	new contents of tracked files and that it will remove files
-	from the index if the corresponding files in the working tree
-	have been removed.
+	Update the index just where it already has an entry matching
+	<pathspec>.  This removes as well as modifies index entries to
+	match the working tree, but adds no new files.
 +
-If no <filepattern> is given, default to "."; in other words,
-update all tracked files in the current directory and its
-subdirectories.
+If no <pathspec> is given, the current version of Git defaults to
+"."; in other words, update all tracked files in the current directory
+and its subdirectories. This default will change in a future version
+of Git, hence the form without <pathspec> should not be used.
 
 -A::
 --all::
-	Like `-u`, but match <filepattern> against files in the
-	working tree in addition to the index. That means that it
-	will find new files as well as staging modified content and
-	removing files that are no longer in the working tree.
+--no-ignore-removal::
+	Update the index not only where the working tree has a file
+	matching <pathspec> but also where the index already has an
+	entry.	This adds, modifies, and removes index entries to
+	match the working tree.
++
+If no <pathspec> is given, the current version of Git defaults to
+"."; in other words, update all files in the current directory
+and its subdirectories. This default will change in a future version
+of Git, hence the form without <pathspec> should not be used.
+
+--no-all::
+--ignore-removal::
+	Update the index by adding new files that are unknown to the
+	index and files modified in the working tree, but ignore
+	files that have been removed from the working tree.  This
+	option is a no-op when no <pathspec> is used.
++
+This option is primarily to help the current users of Git, whose
+"git add <pathspec>..." ignores removed files.  In future versions
+of Git, "git add <pathspec>..." will be a synonym to "git add -A
+<pathspec>..." and "git add --ignore-removal <pathspec>..." will behave like
+today's "git add <pathspec>...", ignoring removed files.
 
 -N::
 --intent-to-add::
@@ -155,7 +172,7 @@
 The optional configuration variable `core.excludesfile` indicates a path to a
 file containing patterns of file names to exclude from git-add, similar to
 $GIT_DIR/info/exclude.  Patterns in the exclude file are used in addition to
-those in info/exclude.  See linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5].
+those in info/exclude.  See linkgit:gitignore[5].
 
 
 EXAMPLES
diff --git a/Documentation/git-am.txt b/Documentation/git-am.txt
index 19d57a8..5bbe7b6 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-am.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-am.txt
@@ -9,12 +9,12 @@
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git am' [--signoff] [--keep] [--keep-cr | --no-keep-cr] [--utf8 | --no-utf8]
+'git am' [--signoff] [--keep] [--[no-]keep-cr] [--[no-]utf8]
 	 [--3way] [--interactive] [--committer-date-is-author-date]
 	 [--ignore-date] [--ignore-space-change | --ignore-whitespace]
 	 [--whitespace=<option>] [-C<n>] [-p<n>] [--directory=<dir>]
 	 [--exclude=<path>] [--include=<path>] [--reject] [-q | --quiet]
-	 [--scissors | --no-scissors]
+	 [--[no-]scissors]
 	 [(<mbox> | <Maildir>)...]
 'git am' (--continue | --skip | --abort)
 
@@ -43,8 +43,7 @@
 --keep-non-patch::
 	Pass `-b` flag to 'git mailinfo' (see linkgit:git-mailinfo[1]).
 
---keep-cr::
---no-keep-cr::
+--[no-]keep-cr::
 	With `--keep-cr`, call 'git mailsplit' (see linkgit:git-mailsplit[1])
 	with the same option, to prevent it from stripping CR at the end of
 	lines. `am.keepcr` configuration variable can be used to specify the
diff --git a/Documentation/git-apply.txt b/Documentation/git-apply.txt
index afd2c9a..f605327 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-apply.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-apply.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git apply' [--stat] [--numstat] [--summary] [--check] [--index]
+'git apply' [--stat] [--numstat] [--summary] [--check] [--index] [--3way]
 	  [--apply] [--no-add] [--build-fake-ancestor=<file>] [-R | --reverse]
 	  [--allow-binary-replacement | --binary] [--reject] [-z]
 	  [-p<n>] [-C<n>] [--inaccurate-eof] [--recount] [--cached]
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 With the `--index` option the patch is also applied to the index, and
 with the `--cached` option the patch is only applied to the index.
 Without these options, the command applies the patch only to files,
-and does not require them to be in a git repository.
+and does not require them to be in a Git repository.
 
 This command applies the patch but does not create a commit.  Use
 linkgit:git-am[1] to create commits from patches generated by
@@ -72,6 +72,15 @@
 	cached data, apply the patch, and store the result in the index
 	without using the working tree. This implies `--index`.
 
+-3::
+--3way::
+	When the patch does not apply cleanly, fall back on 3-way merge if
+	the patch records the identity of blobs it is supposed to apply to,
+	and we have those blobs available locally, possibly leaving the
+	conflict markers in the files in the working tree for the user to
+	resolve.  This option implies the `--index` option, and is incompatible
+	with the `--reject` and the `--cached` options.
+
 --build-fake-ancestor=<file>::
 	Newer 'git diff' output has embedded 'index information'
 	for each blob to help identify the original version that
@@ -189,7 +198,7 @@
 * `fix` outputs warnings for a few such errors, and applies the
   patch after fixing them (`strip` is a synonym --- the tool
   used to consider only trailing whitespace characters as errors, and the
-  fix involved 'stripping' them, but modern gits do more).
+  fix involved 'stripping' them, but modern Gits do more).
 * `error` outputs warnings for a few such errors, and refuses
   to apply the patch.
 * `error-all` is similar to `error` but shows all errors.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-archimport.txt b/Documentation/git-archimport.txt
index f4504ba..163b9f6 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-archimport.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-archimport.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-archimport - Import an Arch repository into git
+git-archimport - Import an Arch repository into Git
 
 
 SYNOPSIS
@@ -40,13 +40,13 @@
 incremental imports.
 
 While 'git archimport' will try to create sensible branch names for the
-archives that it imports, it is also possible to specify git branch names
-manually.  To do so, write a git branch name after each <archive/branch>
+archives that it imports, it is also possible to specify Git branch names
+manually.  To do so, write a Git branch name after each <archive/branch>
 parameter, separated by a colon.  This way, you can shorten the Arch
-branch names and convert Arch jargon to git jargon, for example mapping a
+branch names and convert Arch jargon to Git jargon, for example mapping a
 "PROJECT{litdd}devo{litdd}VERSION" branch to "master".
 
-Associating multiple Arch branches to one git branch is possible; the
+Associating multiple Arch branches to one Git branch is possible; the
 result will make the most sense only if no commits are made to the first
 branch, after the second branch is created.  Still, this is useful to
 convert Arch repositories that had been rotated periodically.
@@ -54,14 +54,14 @@
 
 MERGES
 ------
-Patch merge data from Arch is used to mark merges in git as well. git
+Patch merge data from Arch is used to mark merges in Git as well. Git
 does not care much about tracking patches, and only considers a merge when a
 branch incorporates all the commits since the point they forked. The end result
-is that git will have a good idea of how far branches have diverged. So the
+is that Git will have a good idea of how far branches have diverged. So the
 import process does lose some patch-trading metadata.
 
 Fortunately, when you try and merge branches imported from Arch,
-git will find a good merge base, and it has a good chance of identifying
+Git will find a good merge base, and it has a good chance of identifying
 patches that have been traded out-of-sequence between the branches.
 
 OPTIONS
diff --git a/Documentation/git-archive.txt b/Documentation/git-archive.txt
index 59d73e5..b97aaab 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-archive.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-archive.txt
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 --------
 [verse]
 'git archive' [--format=<fmt>] [--list] [--prefix=<prefix>/] [<extra>]
-	      [-o | --output=<file>] [--worktree-attributes]
+	      [-o <file> | --output=<file>] [--worktree-attributes]
 	      [--remote=<repo> [--exec=<git-upload-archive>]] <tree-ish>
 	      [<path>...]
 
@@ -56,7 +56,8 @@
 	Write the archive to <file> instead of stdout.
 
 --worktree-attributes::
-	Look for attributes in .gitattributes in working directory too.
+	Look for attributes in .gitattributes files in the working tree
+	as well (see <<ATTRIBUTES>>).
 
 <extra>::
 	This can be any options that the archiver backend understands.
@@ -120,6 +121,7 @@
 	user-defined formats, but true for the "tar.gz" and "tgz"
 	formats.
 
+[[ATTRIBUTES]]
 ATTRIBUTES
 ----------
 
@@ -128,7 +130,7 @@
 	added to archive files.  See linkgit:gitattributes[5] for details.
 
 export-subst::
-	If the attribute export-subst is set for a file then git will
+	If the attribute export-subst is set for a file then Git will
 	expand several placeholders when adding this file to an archive.
 	See linkgit:gitattributes[5] for details.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-bisect-lk2009.txt b/Documentation/git-bisect-lk2009.txt
index 8a2ba37..0eed3e3 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-bisect-lk2009.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-bisect-lk2009.txt
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@
 will be looking for the first commit that has a version like
 "2.6.26-something", that is the commit that has a "SUBLEVEL = 26" line
 in the top level Makefile. This is a toy example because there are
-better ways to find this commit with git than using "git bisect" (for
+better ways to find this commit with Git than using "git bisect" (for
 example "git blame" or "git log -S<string>").
 
 Driving a bisection manually
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@
 
     Linux 2.6.26-rc1
 
-:100644 100644 5cf8258195331a4dbdddff08b8d68642638eea57 4492984efc09ab72ff6219a7bc21fb6a957c4cd5 M      Makefile
+:100644 100644 5cf82581... 4492984e... M      Makefile
 -------------
 
 At this point we can see what the commit does, check it out (if it's
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@
 
     Linux 2.6.26-rc1
 
-:100644 100644 5cf8258195331a4dbdddff08b8d68642638eea57 4492984efc09ab72ff6219a7bc21fb6a957c4cd5 M      Makefile
+:100644 100644 5cf82581... 4492984e... M      Makefile
 bisect run success
 -------------
 
@@ -455,7 +455,7 @@
 have been removed by rules a) and b) respectively, and because commits
 G are removed by rule b) too.
 
-Note for git users, that it is equivalent as keeping only the commit
+Note for Git users, that it is equivalent as keeping only the commit
 given by:
 
 -------------
@@ -710,8 +710,8 @@
 After step 7) (in the skip algorithm), we could check if the second
 commit has been skipped and return it if it is not the case. And in
 fact that was the algorithm we used from when "git bisect skip" was
-developed in git version 1.5.4 (released on February 1st 2008) until
-git version 1.6.4 (released July 29th 2009).
+developed in Git version 1.5.4 (released on February 1st 2008) until
+Git version 1.6.4 (released July 29th 2009).
 
 But Ingo Molnar and H. Peter Anvin (another well known linux kernel
 developer) both complained that sometimes the best bisection points
@@ -1025,10 +1025,10 @@
 _____________
 To give some hard figures, we used to have an average report-to-fix
 cycle of 142.6 hours (according to our somewhat weird bug-tracker
-which just measures wall-clock time). Since we moved to git, we've
+which just measures wall-clock time). Since we moved to Git, we've
 lowered that to 16.2 hours. Primarily because we can stay on top of
 the bug fixing now, and because everyone's jockeying to get to fix
-bugs (we're quite proud of how lazy we are to let git find the bugs
+bugs (we're quite proud of how lazy we are to let Git find the bugs
 for us). Each new release results in ~40% fewer bugs (almost certainly
 due to how we now feel about writing tests).
 _____________
@@ -1228,9 +1228,9 @@
 message or the author. And it can also be used instead of git "grafts"
 to link a repository with another old repository.
 
-In fact it's this last feature that "sold" it to the git community, so
-it is now in the "master" branch of git's git repository and it should
-be released in git 1.6.5 in October or November 2009.
+In fact it's this last feature that "sold" it to the Git community, so
+it is now in the "master" branch of Git's Git repository and it should
+be released in Git 1.6.5 in October or November 2009.
 
 One problem with "git replace" is that currently it stores all the
 replacements refs in "refs/replace/", but it would be perhaps better
@@ -1324,7 +1324,7 @@
 ----------------
 
 Many thanks to Junio Hamano for his help in reviewing this paper, for
-reviewing the patches I sent to the git mailing list, for discussing
+reviewing the patches I sent to the Git mailing list, for discussing
 some ideas and helping me improve them, for improving "git bisect" a
 lot and for his awesome work in maintaining and developing Git.
 
@@ -1337,7 +1337,7 @@
 evangelizing "git bisect", Git and Linux.
 
 Many thanks to the many other great people who helped one way or
-another when I worked on git, especially to Andreas Ericsson, Johannes
+another when I worked on Git, especially to Andreas Ericsson, Johannes
 Schindelin, H. Peter Anvin, Daniel Barkalow, Bill Lear, John Hawley,
 Shawn O. Pierce, Jeff King, Sam Vilain, Jon Seymour.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-bisect.txt b/Documentation/git-bisect.txt
index e4f46bc..f986c5c 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-bisect.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-bisect.txt
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 After a bisect session, to clean up the bisection state and return to
-the original HEAD, issue the following command:
+the original HEAD (i.e., to quit bisecting), issue the following command:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git bisect reset
@@ -169,14 +169,14 @@
 Bisect skip
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-Instead of choosing by yourself a nearby commit, you can ask git
+Instead of choosing by yourself a nearby commit, you can ask Git
 to do it for you by issuing the command:
 
 ------------
 $ git bisect skip                 # Current version cannot be tested
 ------------
 
-But git may eventually be unable to tell the first bad commit among
+But Git may eventually be unable to tell the first bad commit among
 a bad commit and one or more skipped commits.
 
 You can even skip a range of commits, instead of just one commit,
@@ -284,6 +284,7 @@
 ------------
 $ git bisect start HEAD v1.2 --      # HEAD is bad, v1.2 is good
 $ git bisect run make                # "make" builds the app
+$ git bisect reset                   # quit the bisect session
 ------------
 
 * Automatically bisect a test failure between origin and HEAD:
@@ -291,6 +292,7 @@
 ------------
 $ git bisect start HEAD origin --    # HEAD is bad, origin is good
 $ git bisect run make test           # "make test" builds and tests
+$ git bisect reset                   # quit the bisect session
 ------------
 
 * Automatically bisect a broken test case:
@@ -302,6 +304,7 @@
 ~/check_test_case.sh                 # does the test case pass?
 $ git bisect start HEAD HEAD~10 --   # culprit is among the last 10
 $ git bisect run ~/test.sh
+$ git bisect reset                   # quit the bisect session
 ------------
 +
 Here we use a "test.sh" custom script. In this script, if "make"
@@ -351,6 +354,7 @@
 ------------
 $ git bisect start HEAD HEAD~10 --   # culprit is among the last 10
 $ git bisect run sh -c "make || exit 125; ~/check_test_case.sh"
+$ git bisect reset                   # quit the bisect session
 ------------
 +
 This shows that you can do without a run script if you write the test
@@ -368,6 +372,7 @@
 	rm -f tmp.$$
 	test $rc = 0'
 
+$ git bisect reset                   # quit the bisect session
 ------------
 +
 In this case, when 'git bisect run' finishes, bisect/bad will refer to a commit that
diff --git a/Documentation/git-blame.txt b/Documentation/git-blame.txt
index 7ee9236..9a05c2b 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-blame.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-blame.txt
@@ -20,11 +20,17 @@
 
 The command can also limit the range of lines annotated.
 
+The origin of lines is automatically followed across whole-file
+renames (currently there is no option to turn the rename-following
+off). To follow lines moved from one file to another, or to follow
+lines that were copied and pasted from another file, etc., see the
+`-C` and `-M` options.
+
 The report does not tell you anything about lines which have been deleted or
 replaced; you need to use a tool such as 'git diff' or the "pickaxe"
 interface briefly mentioned in the following paragraph.
 
-Apart from supporting file annotation, git also supports searching the
+Apart from supporting file annotation, Git also supports searching the
 development history for when a code snippet occurred in a change. This makes it
 possible to track when a code snippet was added to a file, moved or copied
 between files, and eventually deleted or replaced. It works by searching for
diff --git a/Documentation/git-branch.txt b/Documentation/git-branch.txt
index 47235be..b7cb625 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-branch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-branch.txt
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@
 	[--column[=<options>] | --no-column]
 	[(--merged | --no-merged | --contains) [<commit>]] [<pattern>...]
 'git branch' [--set-upstream | --track | --no-track] [-l] [-f] <branchname> [<start-point>]
+'git branch' (--set-upstream-to=<upstream> | -u <upstream>) [<branchname>]
+'git branch' --unset-upstream [<branchname>]
 'git branch' (-m | -M) [<oldbranch>] <newbranch>
 'git branch' (-d | -D) [-r] <branchname>...
 'git branch' --edit-description [<branchname>]
@@ -20,13 +22,15 @@
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-With no arguments, existing branches are listed and the current branch will
-be highlighted with an asterisk.  Option `-r` causes the remote-tracking
-branches to be listed, and option `-a` shows both. This list mode is also
-activated by the `--list` option (see below).
-<pattern> restricts the output to matching branches, the pattern is a shell
-wildcard (i.e., matched using fnmatch(3)).
-Multiple patterns may be given; if any of them matches, the branch is shown.
+If `--list` is given, or if there are no non-option arguments, existing
+branches are listed; the current branch will be highlighted with an
+asterisk.  Option `-r` causes the remote-tracking branches to be listed,
+and option `-a` shows both local and remote branches. If a `<pattern>`
+is given, it is used as a shell wildcard to restrict the output to
+matching branches. If multiple patterns are given, a branch is shown if
+it matches any of the patterns.  Note that when providing a
+`<pattern>`, you must use `--list`; otherwise the command is interpreted
+as branch creation.
 
 With `--contains`, shows only the branches that contain the named commit
 (in other words, the branches whose tip commits are descendants of the
@@ -43,12 +47,12 @@
 working tree to it; use "git checkout <newbranch>" to switch to the
 new branch.
 
-When a local branch is started off a remote-tracking branch, git sets up the
+When a local branch is started off a remote-tracking branch, Git sets up the
 branch so that 'git pull' will appropriately merge from
 the remote-tracking branch. This behavior may be changed via the global
 `branch.autosetupmerge` configuration flag. That setting can be
 overridden by using the `--track` and `--no-track` options, and
-changed later using `git branch --set-upstream`.
+changed later using `git branch --set-upstream-to`.
 
 With a `-m` or `-M` option, <oldbranch> will be renamed to <newbranch>.
 If <oldbranch> had a corresponding reflog, it is renamed to match
@@ -129,11 +133,13 @@
 	use `git branch --list <pattern>` to list matching branches.
 
 -v::
+-vv::
 --verbose::
 	When in list mode,
 	show sha1 and commit subject line for each head, along with
 	relationship to upstream branch (if any). If given twice, print
-	the name of the upstream branch, as well.
+	the name of the upstream branch, as well (see also `git remote
+	show <remote>`).
 
 -q::
 --quiet::
@@ -173,21 +179,31 @@
 	like `--track` would when creating the branch, except that where
 	branch points to is not changed.
 
+-u <upstream>::
+--set-upstream-to=<upstream>::
+	Set up <branchname>'s tracking information so <upstream> is
+	considered <branchname>'s upstream branch. If no <branchname>
+	is specified, then it defaults to the current branch.
+
+--unset-upstream::
+	Remove the upstream information for <branchname>. If no branch
+	is specified it defaults to the current branch.
+
 --edit-description::
 	Open an editor and edit the text to explain what the branch is
 	for, to be used by various other commands (e.g. `request-pull`).
 
 --contains [<commit>]::
 	Only list branches which contain the specified commit (HEAD
-	if not specified).
+	if not specified). Implies `--list`.
 
 --merged [<commit>]::
 	Only list branches whose tips are reachable from the
-	specified commit (HEAD if not specified).
+	specified commit (HEAD if not specified). Implies `--list`.
 
 --no-merged [<commit>]::
 	Only list branches whose tips are not reachable from the
-	specified commit (HEAD if not specified).
+	specified commit (HEAD if not specified). Implies `--list`.
 
 <branchname>::
 	The name of the branch to create or delete.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-bundle.txt b/Documentation/git-bundle.txt
index 16a6b0a..0417562 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-bundle.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-bundle.txt
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 
 Some workflows require that one or more branches of development on one
 machine be replicated on another machine, but the two machines cannot
-be directly connected, and therefore the interactive git protocols (git,
+be directly connected, and therefore the interactive Git protocols (git,
 ssh, rsync, http) cannot be used.  This command provides support for
 'git fetch' and 'git pull' to operate by packaging objects and references
 in an archive at the originating machine, then importing those into
@@ -112,13 +112,12 @@
 machineA$ git tag -f lastR2bundle master
 ----------------
 
-Then you transfer file.bundle to the target machine B. If you are creating
-the repository on machine B, then you can clone from the bundle as if it
-were a remote repository instead of creating an empty repository and then
-pulling or fetching objects from the bundle:
+Then you transfer file.bundle to the target machine B. Because this
+bundle does not require any existing object to be extracted, you can
+create a new repository on machine B by cloning from it:
 
 ----------------
-machineB$ git clone /home/me/tmp/file.bundle R2
+machineB$ git clone -b master /home/me/tmp/file.bundle R2
 ----------------
 
 This will define a remote called "origin" in the resulting repository that
diff --git a/Documentation/git-cat-file.txt b/Documentation/git-cat-file.txt
index 2fb95bb..30d585a 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-cat-file.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-cat-file.txt
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 (which implies type "blob").
 
 In the second form, a list of objects (separated by linefeeds) is provided on
-stdin, and the SHA1, type, and size of each object is printed on stdout.
+stdin, and the SHA-1, type, and size of each object is printed on stdout.
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
@@ -58,11 +58,11 @@
 	to apply the filter to the content recorded in the index at <path>.
 
 --batch::
-	Print the SHA1, type, size, and contents of each object provided on
+	Print the SHA-1, type, size, and contents of each object provided on
 	stdin. May not be combined with any other options or arguments.
 
 --batch-check::
-	Print the SHA1, type, and size of each object provided on stdin. May not
+	Print the SHA-1, type, and size of each object provided on stdin. May not
 	be combined with any other options or arguments.
 
 OUTPUT
diff --git a/Documentation/git-check-ignore.txt b/Documentation/git-check-ignore.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7f5601b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-check-ignore.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+git-check-ignore(1)
+===================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-check-ignore - Debug gitignore / exclude files
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git check-ignore' [options] pathname...
+'git check-ignore' [options] --stdin < <list-of-paths>
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+For each pathname given via the command-line or from a file via
+`--stdin`, show the pattern from .gitignore (or other input files to
+the exclude mechanism) that decides if the pathname is excluded or
+included.  Later patterns within a file take precedence over earlier
+ones.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+-q, --quiet::
+	Don't output anything, just set exit status.  This is only
+	valid with a single pathname.
+
+-v, --verbose::
+	Also output details about the matching pattern (if any)
+	for each given pathname.
+
+--stdin::
+	Read file names from stdin instead of from the command-line.
+
+-z::
+	The output format is modified to be machine-parseable (see
+	below).  If `--stdin` is also given, input paths are separated
+	with a NUL character instead of a linefeed character.
+
+OUTPUT
+------
+
+By default, any of the given pathnames which match an ignore pattern
+will be output, one per line.  If no pattern matches a given path,
+nothing will be output for that path; this means that path will not be
+ignored.
+
+If `--verbose` is specified, the output is a series of lines of the form:
+
+<source> <COLON> <linenum> <COLON> <pattern> <HT> <pathname>
+
+<pathname> is the path of a file being queried, <pattern> is the
+matching pattern, <source> is the pattern's source file, and <linenum>
+is the line number of the pattern within that source.  If the pattern
+contained a `!` prefix or `/` suffix, it will be preserved in the
+output.  <source> will be an absolute path when referring to the file
+configured by `core.excludesfile`, or relative to the repository root
+when referring to `.git/info/exclude` or a per-directory exclude file.
+
+If `-z` is specified, the pathnames in the output are delimited by the
+null character; if `--verbose` is also specified then null characters
+are also used instead of colons and hard tabs:
+
+<source> <NULL> <linenum> <NULL> <pattern> <NULL> <pathname> <NULL>
+
+
+EXIT STATUS
+-----------
+
+0::
+	One or more of the provided paths is ignored.
+
+1::
+	None of the provided paths are ignored.
+
+128::
+	A fatal error was encountered.
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:gitignore[5]
+linkgit:gitconfig[5]
+linkgit:git-ls-files[1]
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-check-ref-format.txt b/Documentation/git-check-ref-format.txt
index 98009d1..a49be1b 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-check-ref-format.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-check-ref-format.txt
@@ -18,14 +18,14 @@
 Checks if a given 'refname' is acceptable, and exits with a non-zero
 status if it is not.
 
-A reference is used in git to specify branches and tags.  A
+A reference is used in Git to specify branches and tags.  A
 branch head is stored in the `refs/heads` hierarchy, while
 a tag is stored in the `refs/tags` hierarchy of the ref namespace
 (typically in `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads` and `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags`
 directories or, as entries in file `$GIT_DIR/packed-refs`
 if refs are packed by `git gc`).
 
-git imposes the following rules on how references are named:
+Git imposes the following rules on how references are named:
 
 . They can include slash `/` for hierarchical (directory)
   grouping, but no slash-separated component can begin with a
@@ -83,8 +83,7 @@
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
---allow-onelevel::
---no-allow-onelevel::
+--[no-]allow-onelevel::
 	Controls whether one-level refnames are accepted (i.e.,
 	refnames that do not contain multiple `/`-separated
 	components).  The default is `--no-allow-onelevel`.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-checkout.txt b/Documentation/git-checkout.txt
index 63a2516..ca118ac 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-checkout.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-checkout.txt
@@ -21,18 +21,34 @@
 also update `HEAD` to set the specified branch as the current
 branch.
 
-'git checkout' [<branch>]::
-'git checkout' -b|-B <new_branch> [<start point>]::
-'git checkout' [--detach] [<commit>]::
-
-	This form switches branches by updating the index, working
-	tree, and HEAD to reflect the specified branch or commit.
+'git checkout' <branch>::
+	To prepare for working on <branch>, switch to it by updating
+	the index and the files in the working tree, and by pointing
+	HEAD at the branch. Local modifications to the files in the
+	working tree are kept, so that they can be committed to the
+	<branch>.
 +
-If `-b` is given, a new branch is created as if linkgit:git-branch[1]
-were called and then checked out; in this case you can
-use the `--track` or `--no-track` options, which will be passed to
-'git branch'.  As a convenience, `--track` without `-b` implies branch
-creation; see the description of `--track` below.
+If <branch> is not found but there does exist a tracking branch in
+exactly one remote (call it <remote>) with a matching name, treat as
+equivalent to
++
+------------
+$ git checkout -b <branch> --track <remote>/<branch>
+------------
++
+You could omit <branch>, in which case the command degenerates to
+"check out the current branch", which is a glorified no-op with a
+rather expensive side-effects to show only the tracking information,
+if exists, for the current branch.
+
+'git checkout' -b|-B <new_branch> [<start point>]::
+
+	Specifying `-b` causes a new branch to be created as if
+	linkgit:git-branch[1] were called and then checked out.  In
+	this case you can use the `--track` or `--no-track` options,
+	which will be passed to 'git branch'.  As a convenience,
+	`--track` without `-b` implies branch creation; see the
+	description of `--track` below.
 +
 If `-B` is given, <new_branch> is created if it doesn't exist; otherwise, it
 is reset. This is the transactional equivalent of
@@ -45,6 +61,21 @@
 that is to say, the branch is not reset/created unless "git checkout" is
 successful.
 
+'git checkout' --detach [<branch>]::
+'git checkout' <commit>::
+
+	Prepare to work on top of <commit>, by detaching HEAD at it
+	(see "DETACHED HEAD" section), and updating the index and the
+	files in the working tree.  Local modifications to the files
+	in the working tree are kept, so that the resulting working
+	tree will be the state recorded in the commit plus the local
+	modifications.
++
+Passing `--detach` forces this behavior in the case of a <branch> (without
+the option, giving a branch name to the command would check out the branch,
+instead of detaching HEAD at it), or the current commit,
+if no <branch> is specified.
+
 'git checkout' [-p|--patch] [<tree-ish>] [--] <pathspec>...::
 
 	When <paths> or `--patch` are given, 'git checkout' does *not*
@@ -84,11 +115,11 @@
 	When checking out paths from the index, check out stage #2
 	('ours') or #3 ('theirs') for unmerged paths.
 
--b::
+-b <new_branch>::
 	Create a new branch named <new_branch> and start it at
 	<start_point>; see linkgit:git-branch[1] for details.
 
--B::
+-B <new_branch>::
 	Creates the branch <new_branch> and start it at <start_point>;
 	if it already exists, then reset it to <start_point>. This is
 	equivalent to running "git branch" with "-f"; see
@@ -100,9 +131,9 @@
 	"--track" in linkgit:git-branch[1] for details.
 +
 If no '-b' option is given, the name of the new branch will be
-derived from the remote-tracking branch.  If "remotes/" or "refs/remotes/"
-is prefixed it is stripped away, and then the part up to the
-next slash (which would be the nickname of the remote) is removed.
+derived from the remote-tracking branch, by looking at the local part of
+the refspec configured for the corresponding remote, and then stripping
+the initial part up to the "*".
 This would tell us to use "hack" as the local branch when branching
 off of "origin/hack" (or "remotes/origin/hack", or even
 "refs/remotes/origin/hack").  If the given name has no slash, or the above
@@ -124,7 +155,7 @@
 	<commit> is not a branch name.  See the "DETACHED HEAD" section
 	below for details.
 
---orphan::
+--orphan <new_branch>::
 	Create a new 'orphan' branch, named <new_branch>, started from
 	<start_point> and switch to it.  The first commit made on this
 	new branch will have no parents and it will be the root of a new
@@ -149,6 +180,12 @@
 Afterwards you will be ready to prepare your new files, repopulating the
 working tree, by copying them from elsewhere, extracting a tarball, etc.
 
+--ignore-skip-worktree-bits::
+	In sparse checkout mode, `git checkout -- <paths>` would
+	update only entries matched by <paths> and sparse patterns
+	in $GIT_DIR/info/sparse-checkout. This option ignores
+	the sparse patterns and adds back any files in <paths>.
+
 -m::
 --merge::
 	When switching branches,
@@ -302,7 +339,7 @@
   tag 'v2.0' (refers to commit 'b')
 ------------
 
-In fact, we can perform all the normal git operations. But, let's look
+In fact, we can perform all the normal Git operations. But, let's look
 at what happens when we then checkout master:
 
 ------------
@@ -319,7 +356,7 @@
 
 It is important to realize that at this point nothing refers to commit
 'f'. Eventually commit 'f' (and by extension commit 'e') will be deleted
-by the routine git garbage collection process, unless we create a reference
+by the routine Git garbage collection process, unless we create a reference
 before that happens. If we have not yet moved away from commit 'f',
 any of these will create a reference to it:
 
@@ -367,6 +404,18 @@
 <2> take a file out of another commit
 <3> restore hello.c from the index
 +
+If you want to check out _all_ C source files out of the index,
+you can say
++
+------------
+$ git checkout -- '*.c'
+------------
++
+Note the quotes around `*.c`.  The file `hello.c` will also be
+checked out, even though it is no longer in the working tree,
+because the file globbing is used to match entries in the index
+(not in the working tree by the shell).
++
 If you have an unfortunate branch that is named `hello.c`, this
 step would be confused as an instruction to switch to that branch.
 You should instead write:
diff --git a/Documentation/git-cherry-pick.txt b/Documentation/git-cherry-pick.txt
index 9f3dae6..c205d23 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-cherry-pick.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-cherry-pick.txt
@@ -47,7 +47,9 @@
 	linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
 	Sets of commits can be passed but no traversal is done by
 	default, as if the '--no-walk' option was specified, see
-	linkgit:git-rev-list[1].
+	linkgit:git-rev-list[1]. Note that specifying a range will
+	feed all <commit>... arguments to a single revision walk
+	(see a later example that uses 'maint master..next').
 
 -e::
 --edit::
@@ -116,6 +118,11 @@
 	previous commit are dropped.  To force the inclusion of those commits
 	use `--keep-redundant-commits`.
 
+--allow-empty-message::
+	By default, cherry-picking a commit with an empty message will fail.
+	This option overrides that behaviour, allowing commits with empty
+	messages to be cherry picked.
+
 --keep-redundant-commits::
 	If a commit being cherry picked duplicates a commit already in the
 	current history, it will become empty.  By default these
@@ -149,6 +156,15 @@
 	Apply the changes introduced by all commits that are ancestors
 	of master but not of HEAD to produce new commits.
 
+`git cherry-pick maint next ^master`::
+`git cherry-pick maint master..next`::
+
+	Apply the changes introduced by all commits that are
+	ancestors of maint or next, but not master or any of its
+	ancestors.  Note that the latter does not mean `maint` and
+	everything between `master` and `next`; specifically,
+	`maint` will not be used if it is included in `master`.
+
 `git cherry-pick master~4 master~2`::
 
 	Apply the changes introduced by the fifth and third last
diff --git a/Documentation/git-clean.txt b/Documentation/git-clean.txt
index 79fb984..bdc3ab8 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-clean.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-clean.txt
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 Cleans the working tree by recursively removing files that are not
 under version control, starting from the current directory.
 
-Normally, only files unknown to git are removed, but if the '-x'
+Normally, only files unknown to Git are removed, but if the '-x'
 option is specified, ignored files are also removed. This can, for
 example, be useful to remove all build products.
 
@@ -27,13 +27,13 @@
 -------
 -d::
 	Remove untracked directories in addition to untracked files.
-	If an untracked directory is managed by a different git
+	If an untracked directory is managed by a different Git
 	repository, it is not removed by default.  Use -f option twice
 	if you really want to remove such a directory.
 
 -f::
 --force::
-	If the git configuration variable clean.requireForce is not set
+	If the Git configuration variable clean.requireForce is not set
 	to false, 'git clean' will refuse to run unless given -f or -n.
 
 -n::
@@ -60,9 +60,13 @@
 	working directory to test a clean build.
 
 -X::
-	Remove only files ignored by git.  This may be useful to rebuild
+	Remove only files ignored by Git.  This may be useful to rebuild
 	everything from scratch, but keep manually created files.
 
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:gitignore[5]
+
 GIT
 ---
 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-clone.txt b/Documentation/git-clone.txt
index 6e22522..a0727d7 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-clone.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-clone.txt
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 	  [-o <name>] [-b <name>] [-u <upload-pack>] [--reference <repository>]
 	  [--separate-git-dir <git dir>]
 	  [--depth <depth>] [--[no-]single-branch]
-	  [--recursive|--recurse-submodules] [--] <repository>
+	  [--recursive | --recurse-submodules] [--] <repository>
 	  [<directory>]
 
 DESCRIPTION
@@ -29,7 +29,8 @@
 After the clone, a plain `git fetch` without arguments will update
 all the remote-tracking branches, and a `git pull` without
 arguments will in addition merge the remote master branch into the
-current master branch, if any.
+current master branch, if any (this is untrue when "--single-branch"
+is given; see below).
 
 This default configuration is achieved by creating references to
 the remote branch heads under `refs/remotes/origin` and
@@ -42,17 +43,22 @@
 --local::
 -l::
 	When the repository to clone from is on a local machine,
-	this flag bypasses the normal "git aware" transport
+	this flag bypasses the normal "Git aware" transport
 	mechanism and clones the repository by making a copy of
 	HEAD and everything under objects and refs directories.
 	The files under `.git/objects/` directory are hardlinked
-	to save space when possible.  This is now the default when
-	the source repository is specified with `/path/to/repo`
-	syntax, so it essentially is a no-op option.  To force
-	copying instead of hardlinking (which may be desirable
-	if you are trying to make a back-up of your repository),
-	but still avoid the usual "git aware" transport
-	mechanism, `--no-hardlinks` can be used.
+	to save space when possible.
++
+If the repository is specified as a local path (e.g., `/path/to/repo`),
+this is the default, and --local is essentially a no-op.  If the
+repository is specified as a URL, then this flag is ignored (and we
+never use the local optimizations).  Specifying `--no-local` will
+override the default when `/path/to/repo` is given, using the regular
+Git transport instead.
++
+To force copying instead of hardlinking (which may be desirable if you
+are trying to make a back-up of your repository), but still avoid the
+usual "Git aware" transport mechanism, `--no-hardlinks` can be used.
 
 --no-hardlinks::
 	Optimize the cloning process from a repository on a
@@ -70,9 +76,9 @@
 *NOTE*: this is a possibly dangerous operation; do *not* use
 it unless you understand what it does. If you clone your
 repository using this option and then delete branches (or use any
-other git command that makes any existing commit unreferenced) in the
+other Git command that makes any existing commit unreferenced) in the
 source repository, some objects may become unreferenced (or dangling).
-These objects may be removed by normal git operations (such as `git commit`)
+These objects may be removed by normal Git operations (such as `git commit`)
 which automatically call `git gc --auto`. (See linkgit:git-gc[1].)
 If these objects are removed and were referenced by the cloned repository,
 then the cloned repository will become corrupt.
@@ -119,7 +125,7 @@
 	No checkout of HEAD is performed after the clone is complete.
 
 --bare::
-	Make a 'bare' GIT repository.  That is, instead of
+	Make a 'bare' Git repository.  That is, instead of
 	creating `<directory>` and placing the administrative
 	files in `<directory>/.git`, make the `<directory>`
 	itself the `$GIT_DIR`. This obviously implies the `-n`
@@ -147,9 +153,10 @@
 -b <name>::
 	Instead of pointing the newly created HEAD to the branch pointed
 	to by the cloned repository's HEAD, point to `<name>` branch
-	instead. `--branch` can also take tags and treat them like
-	detached HEAD. In a non-bare repository, this is the branch
-	that will be checked out.
+	instead. In a non-bare repository, this is the branch that will
+	be checked out.
+	`--branch` can also take tags and detaches the HEAD at that commit
+	in the resulting repository.
 
 --upload-pack <upload-pack>::
 -u <upload-pack>::
@@ -181,13 +188,18 @@
 	with a long history, and would want to send in fixes
 	as patches.
 
---single-branch::
+--[no-]single-branch::
 	Clone only the history leading to the tip of a single branch,
 	either specified by the `--branch` option or the primary
 	branch remote's `HEAD` points at. When creating a shallow
 	clone with the `--depth` option, this is the default, unless
 	`--no-single-branch` is given to fetch the histories near the
 	tips of all branches.
+	Further fetches into the resulting repository will only update the
+	remote-tracking branch for the branch this option was used for the
+	initial cloning.  If the HEAD at the remote did not point at any
+	branch when `--single-branch` clone was made, no remote-tracking
+	branch is created.
 
 --recursive::
 --recurse-submodules::
@@ -201,8 +213,8 @@
 --separate-git-dir=<git dir>::
 	Instead of placing the cloned repository where it is supposed
 	to be, place the cloned repository at the specified directory,
-	then make a filesytem-agnostic git symbolic link to there.
-	The result is git repository can be separated from working
+	then make a filesytem-agnostic Git symbolic link to there.
+	The result is Git repository can be separated from working
 	tree.
 
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-column.txt b/Documentation/git-column.txt
index 9be16ee..5d6f1cc 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-column.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-column.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 --------
 [verse]
 'git column' [--command=<name>] [--[raw-]mode=<mode>] [--width=<width>]
-	     [--indent=<string>] [--nl=<string>] [--pading=<n>]
+	     [--indent=<string>] [--nl=<string>] [--padding=<n>]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-commit-tree.txt b/Documentation/git-commit-tree.txt
index eb8ee99..cafdc96 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-commit-tree.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-commit-tree.txt
@@ -10,7 +10,9 @@
 --------
 [verse]
 'git commit-tree' <tree> [(-p <parent>)...] < changelog
-'git commit-tree' [(-p <parent>)...] [(-m <message>)...] [(-F <file>)...] <tree>
+'git commit-tree' [(-p <parent>)...] [-S[<keyid>]] [(-m <message>)...]
+		  [(-F <file>)...] <tree>
+
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -30,7 +32,7 @@
 directory, a commit represents that state in "time", and explains how
 to get there.
 
-Normally a commit would identify a new "HEAD" state, and while git
+Normally a commit would identify a new "HEAD" state, and while Git
 doesn't care where you save the note about that state, in practice we
 tend to just write the result to the file that is pointed at by
 `.git/HEAD`, so that we can always see what the last committed
@@ -45,13 +47,16 @@
 	Each '-p' indicates the id of a parent commit object.
 
 -m <message>::
-	A paragraph in the commig log message. This can be given more than
+	A paragraph in the commit log message. This can be given more than
 	once and each <message> becomes its own paragraph.
 
 -F <file>::
 	Read the commit log message from the given file. Use `-` to read
 	from the standard input.
 
+-S[<keyid>]::
+	GPG-sign commit.
+
 
 Commit Information
 ------------------
@@ -72,13 +77,13 @@
 	GIT_COMMITTER_NAME
 	GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL
 	GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-	EMAIL
 
 (nb "<", ">" and "\n"s are stripped)
 
 In case (some of) these environment variables are not set, the information
 is taken from the configuration items user.name and user.email, or, if not
-present, system user name and the hostname used for outgoing mail (taken
+present, the environment variable EMAIL, or, if that is not set,
+system user name and the hostname used for outgoing mail (taken
 from `/etc/mailname` and falling back to the fully qualified hostname when
 that file does not exist).
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-commit.txt b/Documentation/git-commit.txt
index 2d695f6..1a7616c 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-commit.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-commit.txt
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@
 	   [--dry-run] [(-c | -C | --fixup | --squash) <commit>]
 	   [-F <file> | -m <msg>] [--reset-author] [--allow-empty]
 	   [--allow-empty-message] [--no-verify] [-e] [--author=<author>]
-	   [--date=<date>] [--cleanup=<mode>] [--status | --no-status]
-	   [-i | -o] [--] [<file>...]
+	   [--date=<date>] [--cleanup=<mode>] [--[no-]status]
+	   [-i | -o] [-S[<keyid>]] [--] [<file>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
 3. by listing files as arguments to the 'commit' command, in which
    case the commit will ignore changes staged in the index, and instead
    record the current content of the listed files (which must already
-   be known to git);
+   be known to Git);
 
 4. by using the -a switch with the 'commit' command to automatically
    "add" changes from all known files (i.e. all files that are already
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
 --all::
 	Tell the command to automatically stage files that have
 	been modified and deleted, but new files you have not
-	told git about are not affected.
+	told Git about are not affected.
 
 -p::
 --patch::
@@ -101,12 +101,20 @@
 	When doing a dry-run, give the output in the short-format. See
 	linkgit:git-status[1] for details. Implies `--dry-run`.
 
+--branch::
+	Show the branch and tracking info even in short-format.
+
 --porcelain::
 	When doing a dry-run, give the output in a porcelain-ready
 	format. See linkgit:git-status[1] for details. Implies
 	`--dry-run`.
 
+--long::
+	When doing a dry-run, give the output in a the long-format.
+	Implies `--dry-run`.
+
 -z::
+--null::
 	When showing `short` or `porcelain` status output, terminate
 	entries in the status output with NUL, instead of LF. If no
 	format is given, implies the `--porcelain` output format.
@@ -129,6 +137,8 @@
 -m <msg>::
 --message=<msg>::
 	Use the given <msg> as the commit message.
+	If multiple `-m` options are given, their values are
+	concatenated as separate paragraphs.
 
 -t <file>::
 --template=<file>::
@@ -164,31 +174,48 @@
        linkgit:git-commit-tree[1].
 
 --cleanup=<mode>::
-	This option sets how the commit message is cleaned up.
-	The  '<mode>' can be one of 'verbatim', 'whitespace', 'strip',
-	and 'default'. The 'default' mode will strip leading and
-	trailing empty lines and #commentary from the commit message
-	only if the message is to be edited. Otherwise only whitespace
-	removed. The 'verbatim' mode does not change message at all,
-	'whitespace' removes just leading/trailing whitespace lines
-	and 'strip' removes both whitespace and commentary.
+	This option determines how the supplied commit message should be
+	cleaned up before committing.  The '<mode>' can be `strip`,
+	`whitespace`, `verbatim`, or `default`.
++
+--
+strip::
+	Strip leading and trailing empty lines, trailing whitespace, and
+	#commentary and collapse consecutive empty lines.
+whitespace::
+	Same as `strip` except #commentary is not removed.
+verbatim::
+	Do not change the message at all.
+default::
+	Same as `strip` if the message is to be edited.
+	Otherwise `whitespace`.
+--
++
+The default can be changed by the 'commit.cleanup' configuration
+variable (see linkgit:git-config[1]).
 
 -e::
 --edit::
 	The message taken from file with `-F`, command line with
-	`-m`, and from file with `-C` are usually used as the
-	commit log message unmodified.  This option lets you
+	`-m`, and from commit object with `-C` are usually used as
+	the commit log message unmodified. This option lets you
 	further edit the message taken from these sources.
 
+--no-edit::
+	Use the selected commit message without launching an editor.
+	For example, `git commit --amend --no-edit` amends a commit
+	without changing its commit message.
+
 --amend::
-	Used to amend the tip of the current branch. Prepare the tree
-	object you would want to replace the latest commit as usual
-	(this includes the usual -i/-o and explicit paths), and the
-	commit log editor is seeded with the commit message from the
-	tip of the current branch. The commit you create replaces the
-	current tip -- if it was a merge, it will have the parents of
-	the current tip as parents -- so the current top commit is
-	discarded.
+	Replace the tip of the current branch by creating a new
+	commit. The recorded tree is prepared as usual (including
+	the effect of the `-i` and `-o` options and explicit
+	pathspec), and the message from the original commit is used
+	as the starting point, instead of an empty message, when no
+	other message is specified from the command line via options
+	such as `-m`, `-F`, `-c`, etc.  The new commit has the same
+	parents and author as the current one (the `--reset-author`
+	option can countermand this).
 +
 --
 It is a rough equivalent for:
@@ -205,6 +232,9 @@
 amend a commit that has already been published.  (See the "RECOVERING
 FROM UPSTREAM REBASE" section in linkgit:git-rebase[1].)
 
+--no-post-rewrite::
+	Bypass the post-rewrite hook.
+
 -i::
 --include::
 	Before making a commit out of staged contents so far,
@@ -268,6 +298,10 @@
 	commit message template when using an editor to prepare the
 	default commit message.
 
+-S[<keyid>]::
+--gpg-sign[=<keyid>]::
+	GPG-sign commit.
+
 \--::
 	Do not interpret any more arguments as options.
 
@@ -381,8 +415,10 @@
 Though not required, it's a good idea to begin the commit message
 with a single short (less than 50 character) line summarizing the
 change, followed by a blank line and then a more thorough description.
-Tools that turn commits into email, for example, use the first line
-on the Subject: line and the rest of the commit in the body.
+The text up to the first blank line in a commit message is treated
+as the commit title, and that title is used throughout Git.
+For example, linkgit:git-format-patch[1] turns a commit into email, and it uses
+the title on the Subject line and the rest of the commit in the body.
 
 include::i18n.txt[]
 
@@ -399,6 +435,15 @@
 and `post-commit` hooks.  See linkgit:githooks[5] for more
 information.
 
+FILES
+-----
+
+`$GIT_DIR/COMMIT_EDITMSG`::
+	This file contains the commit message of a commit in progress.
+	If `git commit` exits due to an error before creating a commit,
+	any commit message that has been provided by the user (e.g., in
+	an editor session) will be available in this file, but will be
+	overwritten by the next invocation of `git commit`.
 
 SEE ALSO
 --------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-config.txt b/Documentation/git-config.txt
index d9463cb..606f00c 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-config.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-config.txt
@@ -54,16 +54,16 @@
 '--file <filename>' can be used to tell the command to write to
 that location (you can say '--local' but that is the default).
 
-This command will fail (with exit code ret) if:
+This command will fail with non-zero status upon error.  Some exit
+codes are:
 
 . The config file is invalid (ret=3),
 . can not write to the config file (ret=4),
 . no section or name was provided (ret=2),
 . the section or key is invalid (ret=1),
 . you try to unset an option which does not exist (ret=5),
-. you try to unset/set an option for which multiple lines match (ret=5),
-. you try to use an invalid regexp (ret=6), or
-. you use '--global' option without $HOME being properly set (ret=128).
+. you try to unset/set an option for which multiple lines match (ret=5), or
+. you try to use an invalid regexp (ret=6).
 
 On success, the command returns the exit code 0.
 
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@
 --get::
 	Get the value for a given key (optionally filtered by a regex
 	matching the value). Returns error code 1 if the key was not
-	found and error code 2 if multiple key values were found.
+	found and the last value if multiple key values were found.
 
 --get-all::
 	Like get, but does not fail if the number of values for the key
@@ -97,10 +97,11 @@
 
 --global::
 	For writing options: write to global ~/.gitconfig file rather than
-	the repository .git/config.
+	the repository .git/config, write to $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/config file
+	if this file exists and the ~/.gitconfig file doesn't.
 +
-For reading options: read only from global ~/.gitconfig rather than
-from all available files.
+For reading options: read only from global ~/.gitconfig and from
+$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/config rather than from all available files.
 +
 See also <<FILES>>.
 
@@ -185,8 +186,7 @@
 	Opens an editor to modify the specified config file; either
 	'--system', '--global', or repository (default).
 
---includes::
---no-includes::
+--[no-]includes::
 	Respect `include.*` directives in config files when looking up
 	values. Defaults to on.
 
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@
 FILES
 -----
 
-If not set explicitly with '--file', there are three files where
+If not set explicitly with '--file', there are four files where
 'git config' will search for configuration options:
 
 $GIT_DIR/config::
@@ -204,6 +204,14 @@
 	User-specific configuration file. Also called "global"
 	configuration file.
 
+$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/config::
+	Second user-specific configuration file. If $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is not set
+	or empty, $HOME/.config/git/config will be used. Any single-valued
+	variable set in this file will be overwritten by whatever is in
+	~/.gitconfig.  It is a good idea not to create this file if
+	you sometimes use older versions of Git, as support for this
+	file was added fairly recently.
+
 $(prefix)/etc/gitconfig::
 	System-wide configuration file.
 
@@ -231,6 +239,10 @@
 	Using the "--global" option forces this to ~/.gitconfig. Using the
 	"--system" option forces this to $(prefix)/etc/gitconfig.
 
+GIT_CONFIG_NOSYSTEM::
+	Whether to skip reading settings from the system-wide
+	$(prefix)/etc/gitconfig file. See linkgit:git[1] for details.
+
 See also <<FILES>>.
 
 
@@ -258,7 +270,7 @@
 
 	; Proxy settings
 	[core]
-		gitproxy="proxy-command" for kernel.org
+		gitproxy=proxy-command for kernel.org
 		gitproxy=default-proxy ; for all the rest
 
 you can set the filemode to true with
@@ -333,7 +345,7 @@
 To add a new proxy, without altering any of the existing ones, use
 
 ------------
-% git config core.gitproxy '"proxy-command" for example.com'
+% git config --add core.gitproxy '"proxy-command" for example.com'
 ------------
 
 An example to use customized color from the configuration in your
diff --git a/Documentation/git-count-objects.txt b/Documentation/git-count-objects.txt
index 23c80ce..b300e84 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-count-objects.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-count-objects.txt
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git count-objects' [-v]
+'git count-objects' [-v] [-H | --human-readable]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -20,11 +20,29 @@
 -------
 -v::
 --verbose::
-	In addition to the number of loose objects and disk
-	space consumed, it reports the number of in-pack
-	objects, number of packs, disk space consumed by those packs,
-	and number of objects that can be removed by running
-	`git prune-packed`.
+	Report in more detail:
++
+count: the number of loose objects
++
+size: disk space consumed by loose objects, in KiB (unless -H is specified)
++
+in-pack: the number of in-pack objects
++
+size-pack: disk space consumed by the packs, in KiB (unless -H is specified)
++
+prune-packable: the number of loose objects that are also present in
+the packs. These objects could be pruned using `git prune-packed`.
++
+garbage: the number of files in object database that are not valid
+loose objects nor valid packs
++
+size-garbage: disk space consumed by garbage files, in KiB (unless -H is
+specified)
+
+-H::
+--human-readable::
+
+Print sizes in human readable format
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-credential-cache--daemon.txt b/Documentation/git-credential-cache--daemon.txt
index 11edc5a..d15db42 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-credential-cache--daemon.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-credential-cache--daemon.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-credential-cache--daemon - temporarily store user credentials in memory
+git-credential-cache--daemon - Temporarily store user credentials in memory
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-credential-cache.txt b/Documentation/git-credential-cache.txt
index f3d09c5..89b7306 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-credential-cache.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-credential-cache.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-credential-cache - helper to temporarily store passwords in memory
+git-credential-cache - Helper to temporarily store passwords in memory
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-This command caches credentials in memory for use by future git
+This command caches credentials in memory for use by future Git
 programs. The stored credentials never touch the disk, and are forgotten
 after a configurable timeout.  The cache is accessible over a Unix
 domain socket, restricted to the current user by filesystem permissions.
 
 You probably don't want to invoke this command directly; it is meant to
-be used as a credential helper by other parts of git. See
+be used as a credential helper by other parts of Git. See
 linkgit:gitcredentials[7] or `EXAMPLES` below.
 
 OPTIONS
diff --git a/Documentation/git-credential-store.txt b/Documentation/git-credential-store.txt
index 3109346..8481cae 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-credential-store.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-credential-store.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-credential-store - helper to store credentials on disk
+git-credential-store - Helper to store credentials on disk
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 that integrates with secure storage provided by your operating system.
 
 This command stores credentials indefinitely on disk for use by future
-git programs.
+Git programs.
 
 You probably don't want to invoke this command directly; it is meant to
 be used as a credential helper by other parts of git. See
@@ -63,11 +63,11 @@
 https://user:pass@example.com
 ------------------------------
 
-When git needs authentication for a particular URL context,
+When Git needs authentication for a particular URL context,
 credential-store will consider that context a pattern to match against
 each entry in the credentials file.  If the protocol, hostname, and
 username (if we already have one) match, then the password is returned
-to git. See the discussion of configuration in linkgit:gitcredentials[7]
+to Git. See the discussion of configuration in linkgit:gitcredentials[7]
 for more information.
 
 GIT
diff --git a/Documentation/git-credential.txt b/Documentation/git-credential.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7da0f13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-credential.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+git-credential(1)
+=================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-credential - Retrieve and store user credentials
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+------------------
+git credential <fill|approve|reject>
+------------------
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+Git has an internal interface for storing and retrieving credentials
+from system-specific helpers, as well as prompting the user for
+usernames and passwords. The git-credential command exposes this
+interface to scripts which may want to retrieve, store, or prompt for
+credentials in the same manner as Git. The design of this scriptable
+interface models the internal C API; see
+link:technical/api-credentials.txt[the Git credential API] for more
+background on the concepts.
+
+git-credential takes an "action" option on the command-line (one of
+`fill`, `approve`, or `reject`) and reads a credential description
+on stdin (see <<IOFMT,INPUT/OUTPUT FORMAT>>).
+
+If the action is `fill`, git-credential will attempt to add "username"
+and "password" attributes to the description by reading config files,
+by contacting any configured credential helpers, or by prompting the
+user. The username and password attributes of the credential
+description are then printed to stdout together with the attributes
+already provided.
+
+If the action is `approve`, git-credential will send the description
+to any configured credential helpers, which may store the credential
+for later use.
+
+If the action is `reject`, git-credential will send the description to
+any configured credential helpers, which may erase any stored
+credential matching the description.
+
+If the action is `approve` or `reject`, no output should be emitted.
+
+TYPICAL USE OF GIT CREDENTIAL
+-----------------------------
+
+An application using git-credential will typically use `git
+credential` following these steps:
+
+  1. Generate a credential description based on the context.
++
+For example, if we want a password for
+`https://example.com/foo.git`, we might generate the following
+credential description (don't forget the blank line at the end; it
+tells `git credential` that the application finished feeding all the
+information it has):
+
+	 protocol=https
+	 host=example.com
+	 path=foo.git
+
+  2. Ask git-credential to give us a username and password for this
+     description. This is done by running `git credential fill`,
+     feeding the description from step (1) to its standard input. The complete
+     credential description (including the credential per se, i.e. the
+     login and password) will be produced on standard output, like:
+
+	protocol=https
+	host=example.com
+	username=bob
+	password=secr3t
++
+In most cases, this means the attributes given in the input will be
+repeated in the output, but Git may also modify the credential
+description, for example by removing the `path` attribute when the
+protocol is HTTP(s) and `credential.useHttpPath` is false.
++
+If the `git credential` knew about the password, this step may
+not have involved the user actually typing this password (the
+user may have typed a password to unlock the keychain instead,
+or no user interaction was done if the keychain was already
+unlocked) before it returned `password=secr3t`.
+
+  3. Use the credential (e.g., access the URL with the username and
+     password from step (2)), and see if it's accepted.
+
+  4. Report on the success or failure of the password. If the
+     credential allowed the operation to complete successfully, then
+     it can be marked with an "approve" action to tell `git
+     credential` to reuse it in its next invocation. If the credential
+     was rejected during the operation, use the "reject" action so
+     that `git credential` will ask for a new password in its next
+     invocation. In either case, `git credential` should be fed with
+     the credential description obtained from step (2) (which also
+     contain the ones provided in step (1)).
+
+[[IOFMT]]
+INPUT/OUTPUT FORMAT
+-------------------
+
+`git credential` reads and/or writes (depending on the action used)
+credential information in its standard input/output. This information
+can correspond either to keys for which `git credential` will obtain
+the login/password information (e.g. host, protocol, path), or to the
+actual credential data to be obtained (login/password).
+
+The credential is split into a set of named attributes, with one
+attribute per line. Each attribute is
+specified by a key-value pair, separated by an `=` (equals) sign,
+followed by a newline. The key may contain any bytes except `=`,
+newline, or NUL. The value may contain any bytes except newline or NUL.
+In both cases, all bytes are treated as-is (i.e., there is no quoting,
+and one cannot transmit a value with newline or NUL in it). The list of
+attributes is terminated by a blank line or end-of-file.
+Git understands the following attributes:
+
+`protocol`::
+
+	The protocol over which the credential will be used (e.g.,
+	`https`).
+
+`host`::
+
+	The remote hostname for a network credential.
+
+`path`::
+
+	The path with which the credential will be used. E.g., for
+	accessing a remote https repository, this will be the
+	repository's path on the server.
+
+`username`::
+
+	The credential's username, if we already have one (e.g., from a
+	URL, from the user, or from a previously run helper).
+
+`password`::
+
+	The credential's password, if we are asking it to be stored.
+
+`url`::
+
+	When this special attribute is read by `git credential`, the
+	value is parsed as a URL and treated as if its constituent parts
+	were read (e.g., `url=https://example.com` would behave as if
+	`protocol=https` and `host=example.com` had been provided). This
+	can help callers avoid parsing URLs themselves.  Note that any
+	components which are missing from the URL (e.g., there is no
+	username in the example above) will be set to empty; if you want
+	to provide a URL and override some attributes, provide the URL
+	attribute first, followed by any overrides.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-cvsexportcommit.txt b/Documentation/git-cvsexportcommit.txt
index 7f79cec..00154b6 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-cvsexportcommit.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-cvsexportcommit.txt
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Exports a commit from GIT to a CVS checkout, making it easier
-to merge patches from a git repository into a CVS repository.
+Exports a commit from Git to a CVS checkout, making it easier
+to merge patches from a Git repository into a CVS repository.
 
 Specify the name of a CVS checkout using the -w switch or execute it
 from the root of the CVS working copy. In the latter case GIT_DIR must
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@
 -w::
 	Specify the location of the CVS checkout to use for the export. This
 	option does not require GIT_DIR to be set before execution if the
-	current directory is within a git repository.  The default is the
+	current directory is within a Git repository.  The default is the
 	value of 'cvsexportcommit.cvsdir'.
 
 -W::
diff --git a/Documentation/git-cvsimport.txt b/Documentation/git-cvsimport.txt
index 6695ab3..d1bcda2 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-cvsimport.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-cvsimport.txt
@@ -18,7 +18,13 @@
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Imports a CVS repository into git. It will either create a new
+*WARNING:* `git cvsimport` uses cvsps version 2, which is considered
+deprecated; it does not work with cvsps version 3 and later.  If you are
+performing a one-shot import of a CVS repository consider using
+link:http://cvs2svn.tigris.org/cvs2git.html[cvs2git] or
+link:https://github.com/BartMassey/parsecvs[parsecvs].
+
+Imports a CVS repository into Git. It will either create a new
 repository, or incrementally import into an existing one.
 
 Splitting the CVS log into patch sets is done by 'cvsps'.
@@ -59,18 +65,18 @@
 	`CVS/Repository`.
 
 -C <target-dir>::
-        The git repository to import to.  If the directory doesn't
+	The Git repository to import to.  If the directory doesn't
         exist, it will be created.  Default is the current directory.
 
 -r <remote>::
-	The git remote to import this CVS repository into.
+	The Git remote to import this CVS repository into.
 	Moves all CVS branches into remotes/<remote>/<branch>
 	akin to the way 'git clone' uses 'origin' by default.
 
 -o <branch-for-HEAD>::
 	When no remote is specified (via -r) the 'HEAD' branch
-	from CVS is imported to the 'origin' branch within the git
-	repository, as 'HEAD' already has a special meaning for git.
+	from CVS is imported to the 'origin' branch within the Git
+	repository, as 'HEAD' already has a special meaning for Git.
 	When a remote is specified the 'HEAD' branch is named
 	remotes/<remote>/master mirroring 'git clone' behaviour.
 	Use this option if you want to import into a different
@@ -137,17 +143,19 @@
 -A <author-conv-file>::
 	CVS by default uses the Unix username when writing its
 	commit logs. Using this option and an author-conv-file
-	in this format
+	maps the name recorded in CVS to author name, e-mail and
+	optional timezone:
 +
 ---------
 	exon=Andreas Ericsson <ae@op5.se>
-	spawn=Simon Pawn <spawn@frog-pond.org>
+	spawn=Simon Pawn <spawn@frog-pond.org> America/Chicago
 
 ---------
 +
 'git cvsimport' will make it appear as those authors had
 their GIT_AUTHOR_NAME and GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL set properly
-all along.
+all along.  If a timezone is specified, GIT_AUTHOR_DATE will
+have the corresponding offset applied.
 +
 For convenience, this data is saved to `$GIT_DIR/cvs-authors`
 each time the '-A' option is provided and read from that same
@@ -211,11 +219,9 @@
 * Multiple tags on the same revision are not imported.
 
 If you suspect that any of these issues may apply to the repository you
-want to import consider using these alternative tools which proved to be
-more stable in practice:
+want to imort, consider using cvs2git:
 
-* cvs2git (part of cvs2svn), `http://cvs2svn.tigris.org`
-* parsecvs, `http://cgit.freedesktop.org/~keithp/parsecvs`
+* cvs2git (part of cvs2svn), `http://subversion.apache.org/`
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-cvsserver.txt b/Documentation/git-cvsserver.txt
index 88d814a..472f5cb 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-cvsserver.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-cvsserver.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-cvsserver - A CVS server emulator for git
+git-cvsserver - A CVS server emulator for Git
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-This application is a CVS emulation layer for git.
+This application is a CVS emulation layer for Git.
 
 It is highly functional. However, not all methods are implemented,
 and for those methods that are implemented,
@@ -72,9 +72,9 @@
 LIMITATIONS
 -----------
 
-CVS clients cannot tag, branch or perform GIT merges.
+CVS clients cannot tag, branch or perform Git merges.
 
-'git-cvsserver' maps GIT branches to CVS modules. This is very different
+'git-cvsserver' maps Git branches to CVS modules. This is very different
 from what most CVS users would expect since in CVS modules usually represent
 one or more directories.
 
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@
 ------
    cvs -d:pserver:someuser:somepassword <at> server/path/repo.git co <HEAD_name>
 ------
-No special setup is needed for SSH access, other than having GIT tools
+No special setup is needed for SSH access, other than having Git tools
 in the PATH. If you have clients that do not accept the CVS_SERVER
 environment variable, you can rename 'git-cvsserver' to `cvs`.
 
@@ -160,9 +160,9 @@
 Note: you need to ensure each user that is going to invoke 'git-cvsserver' has
 write access to the log file and to the database (see
 <<dbbackend,Database Backend>>. If you want to offer write access over
-SSH, the users of course also need write access to the git repository itself.
+SSH, the users of course also need write access to the Git repository itself.
 
-You also need to ensure that each repository is "bare" (without a git index
+You also need to ensure that each repository is "bare" (without a Git index
 file) for `cvs commit` to work. See linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7].
 
 [[configaccessmethod]]
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@
 3. If you didn't specify the CVSROOT/CVS_SERVER directly in the checkout command,
    automatically saving it in your 'CVS/Root' files, then you need to set them
    explicitly in your environment.  CVSROOT should be set as per normal, but the
-   directory should point at the appropriate git repo.  As above, for SSH clients
+   directory should point at the appropriate Git repo.  As above, for SSH clients
    _not_ restricted to 'git-shell', CVS_SERVER should be set to 'git-cvsserver'.
 +
 --
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@
    shell is bash, .bashrc may be a reasonable alternative.
 
 5. Clients should now be able to check out the project. Use the CVS 'module'
-   name to indicate what GIT 'head' you want to check out.  This also sets the
+   name to indicate what Git 'head' you want to check out.  This also sets the
    name of your newly checked-out directory, unless you tell it otherwise with
    `-d <dir_name>`.  For example, this checks out 'master' branch to the
    `project-master` directory:
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@
 Database Backend
 ----------------
 
-'git-cvsserver' uses one database per git head (i.e. CVS module) to
+'git-cvsserver' uses one database per Git head (i.e. CVS module) to
 store information about the repository to maintain consistent
 CVS revision numbers. The database needs to be
 updated (i.e. written to) after every commit.
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@
 the database to work reliably (otherwise you need to make sure
 that the database is up-to-date any time 'git-cvsserver' is executed).
 
-By default it uses SQLite databases in the git directory, named
+By default it uses SQLite databases in the Git directory, named
 `gitcvs.<module_name>.sqlite`. Note that the SQLite backend creates
 temporary files in the same directory as the database file on
 write so it might not be enough to grant the users using
@@ -291,14 +291,14 @@
 In `dbdriver` and `dbuser` you can use the following variables:
 
 %G::
-	git directory name
+	Git directory name
 %g::
-	git directory name, where all characters except for
+	Git directory name, where all characters except for
 	alpha-numeric ones, `.`, and `-` are replaced with
 	`_` (this should make it easier to use the directory
 	name in a filename if wanted)
 %m::
-	CVS module/git head name
+	CVS module/Git head name
 %a::
 	access method (one of "ext" or "pserver")
 %u::
@@ -359,6 +359,43 @@
 
 All the operations required for normal use are supported, including
 checkout, diff, status, update, log, add, remove, commit.
+
+Most CVS command arguments that read CVS tags or revision numbers
+(typically -r) work, and also support any git refspec
+(tag, branch, commit ID, etc).
+However, CVS revision numbers for non-default branches are not well
+emulated, and cvs log does not show tags or branches at
+all.  (Non-main-branch CVS revision numbers superficially resemble CVS
+revision numbers, but they actually encode a git commit ID directly,
+rather than represent the number of revisions since the branch point.)
+
+Note that there are two ways to checkout a particular branch.
+As described elsewhere on this page, the "module" parameter
+of cvs checkout is interpreted as a branch name, and it becomes
+the main branch.  It remains the main branch for a given sandbox
+even if you temporarily make another branch sticky with
+cvs update -r.  Alternatively, the -r argument can indicate
+some other branch to actually checkout, even though the module
+is still the "main" branch.  Tradeoffs (as currently
+implemented): Each new "module" creates a new database on disk with
+a history for the given module, and after the database is created,
+operations against that main branch are fast.  Or alternatively,
+-r doesn't take any extra disk space, but may be significantly slower for
+many operations, like cvs update.
+
+If you want to refer to a git refspec that has characters that are
+not allowed by CVS, you have two options.  First, it may just work
+to supply the git refspec directly to the appropriate CVS -r argument;
+some CVS clients don't seem to do much sanity checking of the argument.
+Second, if that fails, you can use a special character escape mechanism
+that only uses characters that are valid in CVS tags.  A sequence
+of 4 or 5 characters of the form (underscore (`"_"`), dash (`"-"`),
+one or two characters, and dash (`"-"`)) can encode various characters based
+on the one or two letters: `"s"` for slash (`"/"`), `"p"` for
+period (`"."`), `"u"` for underscore (`"_"`), or two hexadecimal digits
+for any byte value at all (typically an ASCII number, or perhaps a part
+of a UTF-8 encoded character).
+
 Legacy monitoring operations are not supported (edit, watch and related).
 Exports and tagging (tags and branches) are not supported at this stage.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-daemon.txt b/Documentation/git-daemon.txt
index 31b28fc..223f731 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-daemon.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-daemon.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-daemon - A really simple server for git repositories
+git-daemon - A really simple server for Git repositories
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -16,17 +16,20 @@
 	     [--reuseaddr] [--detach] [--pid-file=<file>]
 	     [--enable=<service>] [--disable=<service>]
 	     [--allow-override=<service>] [--forbid-override=<service>]
-	     [--inetd | [--listen=<host_or_ipaddr>] [--port=<n>] [--user=<user> [--group=<group>]]
+	     [--access-hook=<path>] [--[no-]informative-errors]
+	     [--inetd |
+	      [--listen=<host_or_ipaddr>] [--port=<n>]
+	      [--user=<user> [--group=<group>]]]
 	     [<directory>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-A really simple TCP git daemon that normally listens on port "DEFAULT_GIT_PORT"
+A really simple TCP Git daemon that normally listens on port "DEFAULT_GIT_PORT"
 aka 9418.  It waits for a connection asking for a service, and will serve
 that service if it is enabled.
 
 It verifies that the directory has the magic file "git-daemon-export-ok", and
-it will refuse to export any git directory that hasn't explicitly been marked
+it will refuse to export any Git directory that hasn't explicitly been marked
 for export this way (unless the '--export-all' parameter is specified). If you
 pass some directory paths as 'git daemon' arguments, you can further restrict
 the offers to a whitelist comprising of those.
@@ -36,7 +39,7 @@
 from 'git fetch', 'git pull', and 'git clone'.
 
 This is ideally suited for read-only updates, i.e., pulling from
-git repositories.
+Git repositories.
 
 An `upload-archive` also exists to serve 'git archive'.
 
@@ -50,7 +53,7 @@
 
 --base-path=<path>::
 	Remap all the path requests as relative to the given path.
-	This is sort of "GIT root" - if you run 'git daemon' with
+	This is sort of "Git root" - if you run 'git daemon' with
 	'--base-path=/srv/git' on example.com, then if you later try to pull
 	'git://example.com/hello.git', 'git daemon' will interpret the path
 	as '/srv/git/hello.git'.
@@ -72,7 +75,7 @@
 	whitelist.
 
 --export-all::
-	Allow pulling from all directories that look like GIT repositories
+	Allow pulling from all directories that look like Git repositories
 	(have the 'objects' and 'refs' subdirectories), even if they
 	do not have the 'git-daemon-export-ok' file.
 
@@ -146,6 +149,13 @@
 Giving these options is an error when used with `--inetd`; use
 the facility of inet daemon to achieve the same before spawning
 'git daemon' if needed.
++
+Like many programs that switch user id, the daemon does not reset
+environment variables such as `$HOME` when it runs git programs,
+e.g. `upload-pack` and `receive-pack`. When using this option, you
+may also want to set and export `HOME` to point at the home
+directory of `<user>` before starting the daemon, and make sure any
+Git configuration files in that directory are readable by `<user>`.
 
 --enable=<service>::
 --disable=<service>::
@@ -161,8 +171,7 @@
 	repository configuration.  By default, all the services
 	are overridable.
 
---informative-errors::
---no-informative-errors::
+--[no-]informative-errors::
 	When informative errors are turned on, git-daemon will report
 	more verbose errors to the client, differentiating conditions
 	like "no such repository" from "repository not exported". This
@@ -171,6 +180,21 @@
 	errors are not enabled, all errors report "access denied" to the
 	client. The default is --no-informative-errors.
 
+--access-hook=<path>::
+	Every time a client connects, first run an external command
+	specified by the <path> with service name (e.g. "upload-pack"),
+	path to the repository, hostname (%H), canonical hostname
+	(%CH), ip address (%IP), and tcp port (%P) as its command line
+	arguments. The external command can decide to decline the
+	service by exiting with a non-zero status (or to allow it by
+	exiting with a zero status).  It can also look at the $REMOTE_ADDR
+	and $REMOTE_PORT environment variables to learn about the
+	requestor when making this decision.
++
+The external command can optionally write a single line to its
+standard output to be sent to the requestor as an error message when
+it declines the service.
+
 <directory>::
 	A directory to add to the whitelist of allowed directories. Unless
 	--strict-paths is specified this will also include subdirectories
@@ -204,7 +228,7 @@
 	can push anything into the repository, including removal
 	of refs).  This is solely meant for a closed LAN setting
 	where everybody is friendly.  This service can be
-	enabled by `daemon.receivepack` configuration item to
+	enabled by setting `daemon.receivepack` configuration item to
 	`true`.
 
 EXAMPLES
diff --git a/Documentation/git-describe.txt b/Documentation/git-describe.txt
index 039cce2..28e5ec0 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-describe.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-describe.txt
@@ -36,12 +36,12 @@
 
 --all::
 	Instead of using only the annotated tags, use any ref
-	found in `.git/refs/`.  This option enables matching
+	found in `refs/` namespace.  This option enables matching
 	any known branch, remote-tracking branch, or lightweight tag.
 
 --tags::
 	Instead of using only the annotated tags, use any tag
-	found in `.git/refs/tags`.  This option enables matching
+	found in `refs/tags` namespace.  This option enables matching
 	a lightweight (non-annotated) tag.
 
 --contains::
@@ -81,8 +81,9 @@
 	that points at object deadbee....).
 
 --match <pattern>::
-	Only consider tags matching the given pattern (can be used to avoid
-	leaking private tags made from the repository).
+	Only consider tags matching the given `glob(7)` pattern,
+	excluding the "refs/tags/" prefix.  This can be used to avoid
+	leaking private tags from the repository.
 
 --always::
 	Show uniquely abbreviated commit object as fallback.
@@ -131,7 +132,7 @@
 
 Note that the suffix you get if you type these commands today may be
 longer than what Linus saw above when he ran these commands, as your
-git repository may have new commits whose object names begin with
+Git repository may have new commits whose object names begin with
 975b that did not exist back then, and "-g975b" suffix alone may not
 be sufficient to disambiguate these commits.
 
@@ -148,7 +149,7 @@
 If an exact match was not found, 'git describe' will walk back
 through the commit history to locate an ancestor commit which
 has been tagged.  The ancestor's tag will be output along with an
-abbreviation of the input committish's SHA1.
+abbreviation of the input committish's SHA-1.
 
 If multiple tags were found during the walk then the tag which
 has the fewest commits different from the input committish will be
diff --git a/Documentation/git-diff-index.txt b/Documentation/git-diff-index.txt
index c0b7c58..a86cf62 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-diff-index.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-diff-index.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-diff-index - Compares content and mode of blobs between the index and repository
+git-diff-index - Compare a tree to the working tree or index
 
 
 SYNOPSIS
@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Compares the content and mode of the blobs found via a tree
-object with the content of the current index and, optionally
-ignoring the stat state of the file on disk.  When paths are
-specified, compares only those named paths.  Otherwise all
-entries in the index are compared.
+Compares the content and mode of the blobs found in a tree object
+with the corresponding tracked files in the working tree, or with the
+corresponding paths in the index.  When <path> arguments are present,
+compares only paths matching those patterns.  Otherwise all tracked
+files are compared.
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-diff.txt b/Documentation/git-diff.txt
index f8d0819..a7b4620 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-diff.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-diff.txt
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 'git diff' [options] [<commit>] [--] [<path>...]
 'git diff' [options] --cached [<commit>] [--] [<path>...]
 'git diff' [options] <commit> <commit> [--] [<path>...]
+'git diff' [options] <blob> <blob>
 'git diff' [options] [--no-index] [--] <path> <path>
 
 DESCRIPTION
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@
 
 	This form is to view the changes you made relative to
 	the index (staging area for the next commit).  In other
-	words, the differences are what you _could_ tell git to
+	words, the differences are what you _could_ tell Git to
 	further add to the index but you still haven't.  You can
 	stage these changes by using linkgit:git-add[1].
 +
@@ -55,6 +56,11 @@
 	This is to view the changes between two arbitrary
 	<commit>.
 
+'git diff' [options] <blob> <blob>::
+
+	This form is to view the differences between the raw
+	contents of two blob objects.
+
 'git diff' [--options] <commit>..<commit> [--] [<path>...]::
 
 	This is synonymous to the previous form.  If <commit> on
@@ -72,8 +78,7 @@
 Just in case if you are doing something exotic, it should be
 noted that all of the <commit> in the above description, except
 in the last two forms that use ".." notations, can be any
-<tree>.  The third form ('git diff <commit> <commit>') can also
-be used to compare two <blob> objects.
+<tree>.
 
 For a more complete list of ways to spell <commit>, see
 "SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
diff --git a/Documentation/git-difftool.txt b/Documentation/git-difftool.txt
index 31fc2e3..11887e6 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-difftool.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-difftool.txt
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-'git difftool' is a git command that allows you to compare and edit files
+'git difftool' is a Git command that allows you to compare and edit files
 between revisions using common diff tools.  'git difftool' is a frontend
 to 'git diff' and accepts the same options and arguments. See
 linkgit:git-diff[1].
@@ -69,6 +69,15 @@
 --tool-help::
 	Print a list of diff tools that may be used with `--tool`.
 
+--[no-]symlinks::
+	'git difftool''s default behavior is create symlinks to the
+	working tree when run in `--dir-diff` mode and the right-hand
+	side of the comparison yields the same content as the file in
+	the working tree.
++
+Specifying `--no-symlinks` instructs 'git difftool' to create copies
+instead.  `--no-symlinks` is the default on Windows.
+
 -x <command>::
 --extcmd=<command>::
 	Specify a custom command for viewing diffs.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt b/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt
index d6487e1..efb0380 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt
@@ -27,15 +27,17 @@
 	Insert 'progress' statements every <n> objects, to be shown by
 	'git fast-import' during import.
 
---signed-tags=(verbatim|warn|strip|abort)::
+--signed-tags=(verbatim|warn|warn-strip|strip|abort)::
 	Specify how to handle signed tags.  Since any transformation
 	after the export can change the tag names (which can also happen
 	when excluding revisions) the signatures will not match.
 +
 When asking to 'abort' (which is the default), this program will die
-when encountering a signed tag.  With 'strip', the tags will be made
-unsigned, with 'verbatim', they will be silently exported
-and with 'warn', they will be exported, but you will see a warning.
+when encountering a signed tag.  With 'strip', the tags will silently
+be made unsigned, with 'warn-strip' they will be made unsigned but a
+warning will be displayed, with 'verbatim', they will be silently
+exported and with 'warn', they will be exported, but you will see a
+warning.
 
 --tag-of-filtered-object=(abort|drop|rewrite)::
 	Specify how to handle tags whose tagged object is filtered out.
@@ -66,6 +68,8 @@
 	incremental runs.  As <file> is only opened and truncated
 	at completion, the same path can also be safely given to
 	\--import-marks.
+	The file will not be written if no new object has been
+	marked/exported.
 
 --import-marks=<file>::
 	Before processing any input, load the marks specified in
@@ -102,11 +106,11 @@
 	different from the commit's first parent).
 
 [<git-rev-list-args>...]::
-       A list of arguments, acceptable to 'git rev-parse' and
-       'git rev-list', that specifies the specific objects and references
-       to export.  For example, `master~10..master` causes the
-       current master reference to be exported along with all objects
-       added since its 10th ancestor commit.
+	A list of arguments, acceptable to 'git rev-parse' and
+	'git rev-list', that specifies the specific objects and references
+	to export.  For example, `master~10..master` causes the
+	current master reference to be exported along with all objects
+	added since its 10th ancestor commit.
 
 EXAMPLES
 --------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt b/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt
index 2620d28..bf1a02a 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt
@@ -33,34 +33,46 @@
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
---date-format=<fmt>::
-	Specify the type of dates the frontend will supply to
-	fast-import within `author`, `committer` and `tagger` commands.
-	See ``Date Formats'' below for details about which formats
-	are supported, and their syntax.
 
 --force::
 	Force updating modified existing branches, even if doing
 	so would cause commits to be lost (as the new commit does
 	not contain the old commit).
 
---max-pack-size=<n>::
-	Maximum size of each output packfile.
-	The default is unlimited.
+--quiet::
+	Disable all non-fatal output, making fast-import silent when it
+	is successful.  This option disables the output shown by
+	\--stats.
 
---big-file-threshold=<n>::
-	Maximum size of a blob that fast-import will attempt to
-	create a delta for, expressed in bytes.  The default is 512m
-	(512 MiB).  Some importers may wish to lower this on systems
-	with constrained memory.
+--stats::
+	Display some basic statistics about the objects fast-import has
+	created, the packfiles they were stored into, and the
+	memory used by fast-import during this run.  Showing this output
+	is currently the default, but can be disabled with \--quiet.
 
---depth=<n>::
-	Maximum delta depth, for blob and tree deltification.
-	Default is 10.
+Options for Frontends
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
---active-branches=<n>::
-	Maximum number of branches to maintain active at once.
-	See ``Memory Utilization'' below for details.  Default is 5.
+--cat-blob-fd=<fd>::
+	Write responses to `cat-blob` and `ls` queries to the
+	file descriptor <fd> instead of `stdout`.  Allows `progress`
+	output intended for the end-user to be separated from other
+	output.
+
+--date-format=<fmt>::
+	Specify the type of dates the frontend will supply to
+	fast-import within `author`, `committer` and `tagger` commands.
+	See ``Date Formats'' below for details about which formats
+	are supported, and their syntax.
+
+--done::
+	Terminate with error if there is no `done` command at the end of
+	the stream.  This option might be useful for detecting errors
+	that cause the frontend to terminate before it has started to
+	write a stream.
+
+Locations of Marks Files
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 --export-marks=<file>::
 	Dumps the internal marks table to <file> when complete.
@@ -83,31 +95,33 @@
 	Like --import-marks but instead of erroring out, silently
 	skips the file if it does not exist.
 
---relative-marks::
+--[no-]relative-marks::
 	After specifying --relative-marks the paths specified
 	with --import-marks= and --export-marks= are relative
 	to an internal directory in the current repository.
 	In git-fast-import this means that the paths are relative
 	to the .git/info/fast-import directory. However, other
 	importers may use a different location.
++
+Relative and non-relative marks may be combined by interweaving
+--(no-)-relative-marks with the --(import|export)-marks= options.
 
---no-relative-marks::
-	Negates a previous --relative-marks. Allows for combining
-	relative and non-relative marks by interweaving
-	--(no-)-relative-marks with the --(import|export)-marks=
-	options.
+Performance and Compression Tuning
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
---cat-blob-fd=<fd>::
-	Write responses to `cat-blob` and `ls` queries to the
-	file descriptor <fd> instead of `stdout`.  Allows `progress`
-	output intended for the end-user to be separated from other
-	output.
+--active-branches=<n>::
+	Maximum number of branches to maintain active at once.
+	See ``Memory Utilization'' below for details.  Default is 5.
 
---done::
-	Require a `done` command at the end of the stream.
-	This option might be useful for detecting errors that
-	cause the frontend to terminate before it has started to
-	write a stream.
+--big-file-threshold=<n>::
+	Maximum size of a blob that fast-import will attempt to
+	create a delta for, expressed in bytes.  The default is 512m
+	(512 MiB).  Some importers may wish to lower this on systems
+	with constrained memory.
+
+--depth=<n>::
+	Maximum delta depth, for blob and tree deltification.
+	Default is 10.
 
 --export-pack-edges=<file>::
 	After creating a packfile, print a line of data to
@@ -118,16 +132,9 @@
 	as these commits can be used as edge points during calls
 	to 'git pack-objects'.
 
---quiet::
-	Disable all non-fatal output, making fast-import silent when it
-	is successful.  This option disables the output shown by
-	\--stats.
-
---stats::
-	Display some basic statistics about the objects fast-import has
-	created, the packfiles they were stored into, and the
-	memory used by fast-import during this run.  Showing this output
-	is currently the default, but can be disabled with \--quiet.
+--max-pack-size=<n>::
+	Maximum size of each output packfile.
+	The default is unlimited.
 
 
 Performance
@@ -423,7 +430,7 @@
 
 Here `<name>` is the person's display name (for example
 ``Com M Itter'') and `<email>` is the person's email address
-(``cm@example.com'').  `LT` and `GT` are the literal less-than (\x3c)
+(``\cm@example.com'').  `LT` and `GT` are the literal less-than (\x3c)
 and greater-than (\x3e) symbols.  These are required to delimit
 the email address from the other fields in the line.  Note that
 `<name>` and `<email>` are free-form and may contain any sequence
@@ -438,7 +445,9 @@
 ^^^^^^
 The `from` command is used to specify the commit to initialize
 this branch from.  This revision will be the first ancestor of the
-new commit.
+new commit.  The state of the tree built at this commit will begin
+with the state at the `from` commit, and be altered by the content
+modifications in this commit.
 
 Omitting the `from` command in the first commit of a new branch
 will cause fast-import to create that commit with no ancestor. This
@@ -488,7 +497,9 @@
 
 `merge`
 ^^^^^^^
-Includes one additional ancestor commit.  If the `from` command is
+Includes one additional ancestor commit.  The additional ancestry
+link does not change the way the tree state is built at this commit.
+If the `from` command is
 omitted when creating a new branch, the first `merge` commit will be
 the first ancestor of the current commit, and the branch will start
 out with no files.  An unlimited number of `merge` commands per
@@ -554,8 +565,12 @@
 slash `/`), may contain any byte other than `LF`, and must not
 start with double quote (`"`).
 
-If an `LF` or double quote must be encoded into `<path>` shell-style
-quoting should be used, e.g. `"path/with\n and \" in it"`.
+A path can use C-style string quoting; this is accepted in all cases
+and mandatory if the filename starts with double quote or contains
+`LF`. In C-style quoting, the complete name should be surrounded with
+double quotes, and any `LF`, backslash, or double quote characters
+must be escaped by preceding them with a backslash (e.g.,
+`"path/with\n, \\ and \" in it"`).
 
 The value of `<path>` must be in canonical form. That is it must not:
 
@@ -1047,7 +1062,9 @@
 	Error out if the stream ends without a 'done' command.
 	Without this feature, errors causing the frontend to end
 	abruptly at a convenient point in the stream can go
-	undetected.
+	undetected.  This may occur, for example, if an import
+	front end dies in mid-operation without emitting SIGTERM
+	or SIGKILL at its subordinate git fast-import instance.
 
 `option`
 ~~~~~~~~
diff --git a/Documentation/git-fetch-pack.txt b/Documentation/git-fetch-pack.txt
index 474fa30..1e71754 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-fetch-pack.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-fetch-pack.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,10 @@
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git fetch-pack' [--all] [--quiet|-q] [--keep|-k] [--thin] [--include-tag] [--upload-pack=<git-upload-pack>] [--depth=<n>] [--no-progress] [-v] [<host>:]<directory> [<refs>...]
+'git fetch-pack' [--all] [--quiet|-q] [--keep|-k] [--thin] [--include-tag]
+	[--upload-pack=<git-upload-pack>]
+	[--depth=<n>] [--no-progress]
+	[-v] [<host>:]<directory> [<refs>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -81,6 +84,8 @@
 
 --depth=<n>::
 	Limit fetching to ancestor-chains not longer than n.
+	'git-upload-pack' treats the special depth 2147483647 as
+	infinite even if there is an ancestor-chain that long.
 
 --no-progress::
 	Do not show the progress.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-fetch.txt b/Documentation/git-fetch.txt
index b41d7c1..e08a028 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-fetch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-fetch.txt
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
 out submodules right now. When e.g. upstream added a new submodule in the
 just fetched commits of the superproject the submodule itself can not be
 fetched, making it impossible to check out that submodule later without
-having to do a fetch again. This is expected to be fixed in a future git
+having to do a fetch again. This is expected to be fixed in a future Git
 version.
 
 SEE ALSO
diff --git a/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt b/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt
index 81f5823..e4c8e82 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Lets you rewrite git revision history by rewriting the branches mentioned
+Lets you rewrite Git revision history by rewriting the branches mentioned
 in the <rev-list options>, applying custom filters on each revision.
 Those filters can modify each tree (e.g. removing a file or running
 a perl rewrite on all files) or information about each commit.
@@ -29,10 +29,11 @@
 command line (e.g. if you pass 'a..b', only 'b' will be rewritten).
 If you specify no filters, the commits will be recommitted without any
 changes, which would normally have no effect.  Nevertheless, this may be
-useful in the future for compensating for some git bugs or such,
+useful in the future for compensating for some Git bugs or such,
 therefore such a usage is permitted.
 
-*NOTE*: This command honors `.git/info/grafts` and `.git/refs/replace/`.
+*NOTE*: This command honors `.git/info/grafts` file and refs in
+the `refs/replace/` namespace.
 If you have any grafts or replacement refs defined, running this command
 will make them permanent.
 
@@ -63,8 +64,11 @@
 Prior to that, the $GIT_COMMIT environment variable will be set to contain
 the id of the commit being rewritten.  Also, GIT_AUTHOR_NAME,
 GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL, GIT_AUTHOR_DATE, GIT_COMMITTER_NAME, GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL,
-and GIT_COMMITTER_DATE are set according to the current commit.  The values
-of these variables after the filters have run, are used for the new commit.
+and GIT_COMMITTER_DATE are taken from the current commit and exported to
+the environment, in order to affect the author and committer identities of
+the replacement commit created by linkgit:git-commit-tree[1] after the
+filters have run.
+
 If any evaluation of <command> returns a non-zero exit status, the whole
 operation will be aborted.
 
@@ -303,6 +307,11 @@
 and all children of the merge will become merge commits with P1,P2
 as their parents instead of the merge commit.
 
+*NOTE* the changes introduced by the commits, and which are not reverted
+by subsequent commits, will still be in the rewritten branch. If you want
+to throw out _changes_ together with the commits, you should use the
+interactive mode of 'git rebase'.
+
 You can rewrite the commit log messages using `--msg-filter`.  For
 example, 'git svn-id' strings in a repository created by 'git svn' can
 be removed this way:
@@ -313,11 +322,6 @@
 '
 -------------------------------------------------------
 
-To restrict rewriting to only part of the history, specify a revision
-range in addition to the new branch name.  The new branch name will
-point to the top-most revision that a 'git rev-list' of this range
-will print.
-
 If you need to add 'Acked-by' lines to, say, the last 10 commits (none
 of which is a merge), use this command:
 
@@ -328,11 +332,30 @@
 ' HEAD~10..HEAD
 --------------------------------------------------------
 
-*NOTE* the changes introduced by the commits, and which are not reverted
-by subsequent commits, will still be in the rewritten branch. If you want
-to throw out _changes_ together with the commits, you should use the
-interactive mode of 'git rebase'.
+The `--env-filter` option can be used to modify committer and/or author
+identity.  For example, if you found out that your commits have the wrong
+identity due to a misconfigured user.email, you can make a correction,
+before publishing the project, like this:
 
+--------------------------------------------------------
+git filter-branch --env-filter '
+	if test "$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL" = "root@localhost"
+	then
+		GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL=john@example.com
+		export GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
+	fi
+	if test "$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL" = "root@localhost"
+	then
+		GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL=john@example.com
+		export GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL
+	fi
+' -- --all
+--------------------------------------------------------
+
+To restrict rewriting to only part of the history, specify a revision
+range in addition to the new branch name.  The new branch name will
+point to the top-most revision that a 'git rev-list' of this range
+will print.
 
 Consider this history:
 
@@ -374,7 +397,7 @@
 usually with some combination of `--index-filter` and
 `--subdirectory-filter`.  People expect the resulting repository to
 be smaller than the original, but you need a few more steps to
-actually make it smaller, because git tries hard not to lose your
+actually make it smaller, because Git tries hard not to lose your
 objects until you tell it to.  First make sure that:
 
 * You really removed all variants of a filename, if a blob was moved
diff --git a/Documentation/git-fmt-merge-msg.txt b/Documentation/git-fmt-merge-msg.txt
index 3a0f55e..bb1232a 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-fmt-merge-msg.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-fmt-merge-msg.txt
@@ -35,8 +35,7 @@
 	Do not list one-line descriptions from the actual commits being
 	merged.
 
---summary::
---no-summary::
+--[no-]summary::
 	Synonyms to --log and --no-log; these are deprecated and will be
 	removed in the future.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt b/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt
index c872b88..f2e08d1 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt
@@ -102,9 +102,10 @@
 and `date` to extract the named component.
 
 The complete message in a commit and tag object is `contents`.
-Its first line is `contents:subject`, the remaining lines
-are `contents:body` and the optional GPG signature
-is `contents:signature`.
+Its first line is `contents:subject`, where subject is the concatenation
+of all lines of the commit message up to the first blank line.  The next
+line is 'contents:body', where body is all of the lines after the first
+blank line.  Finally, the optional GPG signature is `contents:signature`.
 
 For sorting purposes, fields with numeric values sort in numeric
 order (`objectsize`, `authordate`, `committerdate`, `taggerdate`).
@@ -116,7 +117,7 @@
 
 As a special case for the date-type fields, you may specify a format for
 the date by adding one of `:default`, `:relative`, `:short`, `:local`,
-`:iso8601` or `:rfc2822` to the end of the fieldname; e.g.
+`:iso8601`, `:rfc2822` or `:raw` to the end of the fieldname; e.g.
 `%(taggerdate:relative)`.
 
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt b/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt
index 04c7346..3911877 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt
@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@
 		   [--start-number <n>] [--numbered-files]
 		   [--in-reply-to=Message-Id] [--suffix=.<sfx>]
 		   [--ignore-if-in-upstream]
-		   [--subject-prefix=Subject-Prefix]
+		   [--subject-prefix=Subject-Prefix] [(--reroll-count|-v) <n>]
 		   [--to=<email>] [--cc=<email>]
-		   [--cover-letter] [--quiet]
+		   [--[no-]cover-letter] [--quiet] [--notes[=<ref>]]
 		   [<common diff options>]
 		   [ <since> | <revision range> ]
 
@@ -58,10 +58,13 @@
 If `-o` is specified, output files are created in <dir>.  Otherwise
 they are created in the current working directory.
 
-By default, the subject of a single patch is "[PATCH] First Line" and
-the subject when multiple patches are output is "[PATCH n/m] First
-Line". To force 1/1 to be added for a single patch, use `-n`.  To omit
-patch numbers from the subject, use `-N`.
+By default, the subject of a single patch is "[PATCH] " followed by
+the concatenation of lines from the commit message up to the first blank
+line (see the DISCUSSION section of linkgit:git-commit[1]).
+
+When multiple patches are output, the subject prefix will instead be
+"[PATCH n/m] ".  To force 1/1 to be added for a single patch, use `-n`.
+To omit patch numbers from the subject, use `-N`.
 
 If given `--thread`, `git-format-patch` will generate `In-Reply-To` and
 `References` headers to make the second and subsequent patch mails appear
@@ -163,6 +166,15 @@
 	allows for useful naming of a patch series, and can be
 	combined with the `--numbered` option.
 
+-v <n>::
+--reroll-count=<n>::
+	Mark the series as the <n>-th iteration of the topic. The
+	output filenames have `v<n>` pretended to them, and the
+	subject prefix ("PATCH" by default, but configurable via the
+	`--subject-prefix` option) has ` v<n>` appended to it.  E.g.
+	`--reroll-count=4` may produce `v4-0001-add-makefile.patch`
+	file that has "Subject: [PATCH v4 1/20] Add makefile" in it.
+
 --to=<email>::
 	Add a `To:` header to the email headers. This is in addition
 	to any configured headers, and may be used multiple times.
@@ -183,15 +195,27 @@
 	`Cc:`, and custom) headers added so far from config or command
 	line.
 
---cover-letter::
+--[no-]cover-letter::
 	In addition to the patches, generate a cover letter file
 	containing the shortlog and the overall diffstat.  You can
 	fill in a description in the file before sending it out.
 
+--notes[=<ref>]::
+	Append the notes (see linkgit:git-notes[1]) for the commit
+	after the three-dash line.
++
+The expected use case of this is to write supporting explanation for
+the commit that does not belong to the commit log message proper,
+and include it with the patch submission. While one can simply write
+these explanations after `format-patch` has run but before sending,
+keeping them as Git notes allows them to be maintained between versions
+of the patch series (but see the discussion of the `notes.rewrite`
+configuration options in linkgit:git-notes[1] to use this workflow).
+
 --[no]-signature=<signature>::
 	Add a signature to each message produced. Per RFC 3676 the signature
 	is separated from the body by a line with '-- ' on it. If the
-	signature option is omitted the signature defaults to the git version
+	signature option is omitted the signature defaults to the Git version
 	number.
 
 --suffix=.<sfx>::
@@ -236,6 +260,7 @@
 	cc = <email>
 	attach [ = mime-boundary-string ]
 	signoff = true
+	coverletter = auto
 ------------
 
 
@@ -365,7 +390,7 @@
 ~~~~~~~~~~~
 By default, Thunderbird will both wrap emails as well as flag
 them as being 'format=flowed', both of which will make the
-resulting email unusable by git.
+resulting email unusable by Git.
 
 There are three different approaches: use an add-on to turn off line wraps,
 configure Thunderbird to not mangle patches, or use
@@ -501,8 +526,8 @@
 Additionally, it detects and handles renames and complete rewrites
 intelligently to produce a renaming patch.  A renaming patch reduces
 the amount of text output, and generally makes it easier to review.
-Note that non-git "patch" programs won't understand renaming patches, so
-use it only when you know the recipient uses git to apply your patch.
+Note that non-Git "patch" programs won't understand renaming patches, so
+use it only when you know the recipient uses Git to apply your patch.
 
 * Extract three topmost commits from the current branch and format them
 as e-mailable patches:
diff --git a/Documentation/git-fsck.txt b/Documentation/git-fsck.txt
index bbb25da..25c431d 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-fsck.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-fsck.txt
@@ -23,15 +23,14 @@
 	An object to treat as the head of an unreachability trace.
 +
 If no objects are given, 'git fsck' defaults to using the
-index file, all SHA1 references in .git/refs/*, and all reflogs (unless
---no-reflogs is given) as heads.
+index file, all SHA-1 references in `refs` namespace, and all reflogs
+(unless --no-reflogs is given) as heads.
 
 --unreachable::
 	Print out objects that exist but that aren't reachable from any
 	of the reference nodes.
 
---dangling::
---no-dangling::
+--[no-]dangling::
 	Print objects that exist but that are never 'directly' used (default).
 	`--no-dangling` can be used to omit this information from the output.
 
@@ -56,7 +55,7 @@
 	($GIT_DIR/objects), but also the ones found in alternate
 	object pools listed in GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES
 	or $GIT_DIR/objects/info/alternates,
-	and in packed git archives found in $GIT_DIR/objects/pack
+	and in packed Git archives found in $GIT_DIR/objects/pack
 	and corresponding pack subdirectories in alternate
 	object pools.  This is now default; you can turn it off
 	with --no-full.
@@ -64,8 +63,8 @@
 --strict::
 	Enable more strict checking, namely to catch a file mode
 	recorded with g+w bit set, which was created by older
-	versions of git.  Existing repositories, including the
-	Linux kernel, git itself, and sparse repository have old
+	versions of Git.  Existing repositories, including the
+	Linux kernel, Git itself, and sparse repository have old
 	objects that triggers this check, but it is recommended
 	to check new projects with this flag.
 
@@ -78,8 +77,7 @@
 	a blob, the contents are written into the file, rather than
 	its object name.
 
---progress::
---no-progress::
+--[no-]progress::
 	Progress status is reported on the standard error stream by
 	default when it is attached to a terminal, unless
 	--no-progress or --verbose is specified. --progress forces
@@ -89,7 +87,7 @@
 DISCUSSION
 ----------
 
-git-fsck tests SHA1 and general object sanity, and it does full tracking
+git-fsck tests SHA-1 and general object sanity, and it does full tracking
 of the resulting reachability and everything else. It prints out any
 corruption it finds (missing or bad objects), and if you use the
 '--unreachable' flag it will also print out objects that exist but that
diff --git a/Documentation/git-grep.txt b/Documentation/git-grep.txt
index 3bec036..8497aa4 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-grep.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-grep.txt
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 	   [-W | --function-context]
 	   [-f <file>] [-e] <pattern>
 	   [--and|--or|--not|(|)|-e <pattern>...]
-	   [ [--exclude-standard] [--cached | --no-index | --untracked] | <tree>...]
+	   [ [--[no-]exclude-standard] [--cached | --no-index | --untracked] | <tree>...]
 	   [--] [<pathspec>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
@@ -42,8 +42,16 @@
 grep.lineNumber::
 	If set to true, enable '-n' option by default.
 
+grep.patternType::
+	Set the default matching behavior. Using a value of 'basic', 'extended',
+	'fixed', or 'perl' will enable the '--basic-regexp', '--extended-regexp',
+	'--fixed-strings', or '--perl-regexp' option accordingly, while the
+	value 'default' will return to the default matching behavior.
+
 grep.extendedRegexp::
-	If set to true, enable '--extended-regexp' option by default.
+	If set to true, enable '--extended-regexp' option by default. This
+	option is ignored when the 'grep.patternType' option is set to a value
+	other than 'default'.
 
 
 OPTIONS
@@ -53,7 +61,7 @@
 	blobs registered in the index file.
 
 --no-index::
-	Search files in the current directory that is not managed by git.
+	Search files in the current directory that is not managed by Git.
 
 --untracked::
 	In addition to searching in the tracked files in the working
diff --git a/Documentation/git-gui.txt b/Documentation/git-gui.txt
index 0041994..8144527 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-gui.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-gui.txt
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@
 SEE ALSO
 --------
 linkgit:gitk[1]::
-	The git repository browser.  Shows branches, commit history
+	The Git repository browser.  Shows branches, commit history
 	and file differences.  gitk is the utility started by
 	'git gui''s Repository Visualize actions.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-hash-object.txt b/Documentation/git-hash-object.txt
index 4b0a502..02c1f12 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-hash-object.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-hash-object.txt
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
 --path::
 	Hash object as it were located at the given path. The location of
 	file does not directly influence on the hash value, but path is
-	used to determine what git filters should be applied to the object
+	used to determine what Git filters should be applied to the object
 	before it can be placed to the object database, and, as result of
 	applying filters, the actual blob put into the object database may
 	differ from the given file. This option is mainly useful for hashing
diff --git a/Documentation/git-help.txt b/Documentation/git-help.txt
index 9e0b3f6..b21e9d7 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-help.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-help.txt
@@ -3,36 +3,50 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-help - display help information about git
+git-help - Display help information about Git
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git help' [-a|--all|-i|--info|-m|--man|-w|--web] [COMMAND]
+'git help' [-a|--all] [-g|--guide]
+	   [-i|--info|-m|--man|-w|--web] [COMMAND|GUIDE]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-With no options and no COMMAND given, the synopsis of the 'git'
-command and a list of the most commonly used git commands are printed
+With no options and no COMMAND or GUIDE given, the synopsis of the 'git'
+command and a list of the most commonly used Git commands are printed
 on the standard output.
 
-If the option '--all' or '-a' is given, then all available commands are
+If the option '--all' or '-a' is given, all available commands are
 printed on the standard output.
 
-If a git command is named, a manual page for that command is brought
-up. The 'man' program is used by default for this purpose, but this
-can be overridden by other options or configuration variables.
+If the option '--guide' or '-g' is given, a list of the useful
+Git guides is also printed on the standard output.
+
+If a command, or a guide, is given, a manual page for that command or
+guide is brought up. The 'man' program is used by default for this
+purpose, but this can be overridden by other options or configuration
+variables.
 
 Note that `git --help ...` is identical to `git help ...` because the
 former is internally converted into the latter.
 
+To display the linkgit:git[1] man page, use `git help git`.
+
+This page can be displayed with 'git help help' or `git help --help`
+
 OPTIONS
 -------
 -a::
 --all::
 	Prints all the available commands on the standard output. This
-	option supersedes any other option.
+	option overrides any given command or guide name.
+
+-g::
+--guides::
+	Prints a list of useful guides on the standard output. This
+	option overrides any given command or guide name.
 
 -i::
 --info::
diff --git a/Documentation/git-http-backend.txt b/Documentation/git-http-backend.txt
index f4e0741..e3bcdb5 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-http-backend.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-http-backend.txt
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 pushing using the smart HTTP protocol.
 
 It verifies that the directory has the magic file
-"git-daemon-export-ok", and it will refuse to export any git directory
+"git-daemon-export-ok", and it will refuse to export any Git directory
 that hasn't explicitly been marked for export this way (unless the
 GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL environmental variable is set).
 
@@ -80,7 +80,30 @@
 ----------------------------------------------------------------
 +
 To enable anonymous read access but authenticated write access,
-require authorization with a LocationMatch directive:
+require authorization for both the initial ref advertisement (which we
+detect as a push via the service parameter in the query string), and the
+receive-pack invocation itself:
++
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} service=git-receive-pack [OR]
+RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} /git-receive-pack$
+RewriteRule ^/git/ - [E=AUTHREQUIRED:yes]
+
+<LocationMatch "^/git/">
+	Order Deny,Allow
+	Deny from env=AUTHREQUIRED
+
+	AuthType Basic
+	AuthName "Git Access"
+	Require group committers
+	Satisfy Any
+	...
+</LocationMatch>
+----------------------------------------------------------------
++
+If you do not have `mod_rewrite` available to match against the query
+string, it is sufficient to just protect `git-receive-pack` itself,
+like:
 +
 ----------------------------------------------------------------
 <LocationMatch "^/git/.*/git-receive-pack$">
@@ -91,6 +114,15 @@
 </LocationMatch>
 ----------------------------------------------------------------
 +
+In this mode, the server will not request authentication until the
+client actually starts the object negotiation phase of the push, rather
+than during the initial contact.  For this reason, you must also enable
+the `http.receivepack` config option in any repositories that should
+accept a push. The default behavior, if `http.receivepack` is not set,
+is to reject any pushes by unauthenticated users; the initial request
+will therefore report `403 Forbidden` to the client, without even giving
+an opportunity for authentication.
++
 To require authentication for both reads and writes, use a Location
 directive around the repository, or one of its parent directories:
 +
@@ -158,6 +190,54 @@
 ScriptAlias /git/ /var/www/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/
 ----------------------------------------------------------------
 
+Lighttpd::
+	Ensure that `mod_cgi`, `mod_alias, `mod_auth`, `mod_setenv` are
+	loaded, then set `GIT_PROJECT_ROOT` appropriately and redirect
+	all requests to the CGI:
++
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+alias.url += ( "/git" => "/usr/lib/git-core/git-http-backend" )
+$HTTP["url"] =~ "^/git" {
+	cgi.assign = ("" => "")
+	setenv.add-environment = (
+		"GIT_PROJECT_ROOT" => "/var/www/git",
+		"GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL" => ""
+	)
+}
+----------------------------------------------------------------
++
+To enable anonymous read access but authenticated write access:
++
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+$HTTP["querystring"] =~ "service=git-receive-pack" {
+	include "git-auth.conf"
+}
+$HTTP["url"] =~ "^/git/.*/git-receive-pack$" {
+	include "git-auth.conf"
+}
+----------------------------------------------------------------
++
+where `git-auth.conf` looks something like:
++
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+auth.require = (
+	"/" => (
+		"method" => "basic",
+		"realm" => "Git Access",
+		"require" => "valid-user"
+	       )
+)
+# ...and set up auth.backend here
+----------------------------------------------------------------
++
+To require authentication for both reads and writes:
++
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+$HTTP["url"] =~ "^/git/private" {
+	include "git-auth.conf"
+}
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+
 
 ENVIRONMENT
 -----------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-http-fetch.txt b/Documentation/git-http-fetch.txt
index 070cd1e..21a33d2 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-http-fetch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-http-fetch.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-http-fetch - Download from a remote git repository via HTTP
+git-http-fetch - Download from a remote Git repository via HTTP
 
 
 SYNOPSIS
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Downloads a remote git repository via HTTP.
+Downloads a remote Git repository via HTTP.
 
 *NOTE*: use of this command without -a is deprecated.  The -a
 behaviour will become the default in a future release.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-index-pack.txt b/Documentation/git-index-pack.txt
index 39e6d0d..bde8eec 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-index-pack.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-index-pack.txt
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 Reads a packed archive (.pack) from the specified file, and
 builds a pack index file (.idx) for it.  The packed archive
 together with the pack index can then be placed in the
-objects/pack/ directory of a git repository.
+objects/pack/ directory of a Git repository.
 
 
 OPTIONS
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
 	When this flag is provided, the pack is read from stdin
 	instead and a copy is then written to <pack-file>. If
 	<pack-file> is not specified, the pack is written to
-	objects/pack/ directory of the current git repository with
+	objects/pack/ directory of the current Git repository with
 	a default name determined from the pack content.  If
 	<pack-file> is not specified consider using --keep to
 	prevent a race condition between this process and
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
 	This is meant to reduce packing time on multiprocessor
 	machines. The required amount of memory for the delta search
 	window is however multiplied by the number of threads.
-	Specifying 0 will cause git to auto-detect the number of CPU's
+	Specifying 0 will cause Git to auto-detect the number of CPU's
 	and use maximum 3 threads.
 
 
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@
 ----
 
 Once the index has been created, the list of object names is sorted
-and the SHA1 hash of that list is printed to stdout. If --stdin was
+and the SHA-1 hash of that list is printed to stdout. If --stdin was
 also used then this is prefixed by either "pack\t", or "keep\t" if a
 new .keep file was successfully created. This is useful to remove a
 .keep file used as a lock to prevent the race with 'git repack'
diff --git a/Documentation/git-init-db.txt b/Documentation/git-init-db.txt
index a21e346..648a6cd 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-init-db.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-init-db.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-init-db - Creates an empty git repository
+git-init-db - Creates an empty Git repository
 
 
 SYNOPSIS
diff --git a/Documentation/git-init.txt b/Documentation/git-init.txt
index 9ac2bba..afd721e 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-init.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-init.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-init - Create an empty git repository or reinitialize an existing one
+git-init - Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one
 
 
 SYNOPSIS
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-This command creates an empty git repository - basically a `.git`
+This command creates an empty Git repository - basically a `.git`
 directory with subdirectories for `objects`, `refs/heads`,
 `refs/tags`, and template files.  An initial `HEAD` file that
 references the HEAD of the master branch is also created.
@@ -58,19 +58,19 @@
 --separate-git-dir=<git dir>::
 
 Instead of initializing the repository where it is supposed to be,
-place a filesytem-agnostic git symbolic link there, pointing to the
-specified git path, and initialize a git repository at the path. The
-result is git repository can be separated from working tree. If this
+place a filesytem-agnostic Git symbolic link there, pointing to the
+specified path, and initialize a Git repository at the path. The
+result is Git repository can be separated from working tree. If this
 is reinitialization, the repository will be moved to the specified
 path.
 
 --shared[=(false|true|umask|group|all|world|everybody|0xxx)]::
 
-Specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users.  This
+Specify that the Git repository is to be shared amongst several users.  This
 allows users belonging to the same group to push into that
 repository.  When specified, the config variable "core.sharedRepository" is
 set so that files and directories under `$GIT_DIR` are created with the
-requested permissions.  When not specified, git will use permissions reported
+requested permissions.  When not specified, Git will use permissions reported
 by umask(2).
 
 The option can have the following values, defaulting to 'group' if no value
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@
 EXAMPLES
 --------
 
-Start a new git repository for an existing code base::
+Start a new Git repository for an existing code base::
 +
 ----------------
 $ cd /path/to/my/codebase
diff --git a/Documentation/git-log.txt b/Documentation/git-log.txt
index 1f90620..a976534 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-log.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-log.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git log' [<options>] [<since>..<until>] [[\--] <path>...]
+'git log' [<options>] [<revision range>] [[\--] <path>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -24,17 +24,6 @@
 OPTIONS
 -------
 
--<n>::
-	Limits the number of commits to show.
-	Note that this is a commit limiting option, see below.
-
-<since>..<until>::
-	Show only commits between the named two commits.  When
-	either <since> or <until> is omitted, it defaults to
-	`HEAD`, i.e. the tip of the current branch.
-	For a more complete list of ways to spell <since>
-	and <until>, see linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
-
 --follow::
 	Continue listing the history of a file beyond renames
 	(works only for a single file).
@@ -51,6 +40,11 @@
 	Print out the ref name given on the command line by which each
 	commit was reached.
 
+--use-mailmap::
+	Use mailmap file to map author and committer names and email
+	to canonical real names and email addresses. See
+	linkgit:git-shortlog[1].
+
 --full-diff::
 	Without this flag, "git log -p <path>..." shows commits that
 	touch the specified paths, and diffs about the same specified
@@ -63,19 +57,28 @@
 
 --log-size::
 	Before the log message print out its size in bytes. Intended
-	mainly for porcelain tools consumption. If git is unable to
+	mainly for porcelain tools consumption. If Git is unable to
 	produce a valid value size is set to zero.
 	Note that only message is considered, if also a diff is shown
 	its size is not included.
 
+<revision range>::
+	Show only commits in the specified revision range.  When no
+	<revision range> is specified, it defaults to `HEAD` (i.e. the
+	whole history leading to the current commit).  `origin..HEAD`
+	specifies all the commits reachable from the current commit
+	(i.e. `HEAD`), but not from `origin`. For a complete list of
+	ways to spell <revision range>, see the "Specifying Ranges"
+	section of linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
+
 [\--] <path>...::
 	Show only commits that are enough to explain how the files
 	that match the specified paths came to be.  See "History
 	Simplification" below for details and other simplification
 	modes.
 +
-To prevent confusion with options and branch names, paths may need to
-be prefixed with "\-- " to separate them from options or refnames.
+Paths may need to be prefixed with "\-- " to separate them from
+options or the revision range, when confusion arises.
 
 include::rev-list-options.txt[]
 
@@ -137,6 +140,8 @@
 	This makes sense only when following a strict policy of merging all
 	topic branches when staying on a single integration branch.
 
+`git log -3`::
+	Limits the number of commits to show to 3.
 
 Discussion
 ----------
@@ -169,7 +174,7 @@
 	`git log -p` output would be shown without a diff attached.
 	The default is `true`.
 
-mailmap.file::
+mailmap.*::
 	See linkgit:git-shortlog[1].
 
 notes.displayRef::
diff --git a/Documentation/git-lost-found.txt b/Documentation/git-lost-found.txt
index c406a11..d549328 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-lost-found.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-lost-found.txt
@@ -48,7 +48,8 @@
 ------------
 
 After making sure you know which the object is the tag you are looking
-for, you can reconnect it to your regular .git/refs hierarchy.
+for, you can reconnect it to your regular `refs` hierarchy by using
+the `update-ref` command.
 
 ------------
 $ git cat-file -t 1ef2b196
diff --git a/Documentation/git-ls-files.txt b/Documentation/git-ls-files.txt
index 4b28292..c0856a6 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-ls-files.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-ls-files.txt
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@
 	directory and its subdirectories in <file>.
 
 --exclude-standard::
-	Add the standard git exclusions: .git/info/exclude, .gitignore
+	Add the standard Git exclusions: .git/info/exclude, .gitignore
 	in each directory, and the user's global exclusion file.
 
 --error-unmatch::
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@
 'git ls-files --unmerged' and 'git ls-files --stage' can be used to examine
 detailed information on unmerged paths.
 
-For an unmerged path, instead of recording a single mode/SHA1 pair,
+For an unmerged path, instead of recording a single mode/SHA-1 pair,
 the index records up to three such pairs; one from tree O in stage
 1, A in stage 2, and B in stage 3.  This information can be used by
 the user (or the porcelain) to see what should eventually be recorded at the
diff --git a/Documentation/git-ls-remote.txt b/Documentation/git-ls-remote.txt
index 7a9b86a..774de5e 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-ls-remote.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-ls-remote.txt
@@ -42,6 +42,11 @@
 	it successfully talked with the remote repository, whether it
 	found any matching refs.
 
+--get-url::
+	Expand the URL of the given remote repository taking into account any
+	"url.<base>.insteadOf" config setting (See linkgit:git-config[1]) and
+	exit without talking to the remote.
+
 <repository>::
 	Location of the repository.  The shorthand defined in
 	$GIT_DIR/branches/ can be used. Use "." (dot) to list references in
diff --git a/Documentation/git-mailinfo.txt b/Documentation/git-mailinfo.txt
index 97e7a8e..164a3c6 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-mailinfo.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-mailinfo.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git mailinfo' [-k|-b] [-u | --encoding=<encoding> | -n] [--scissors] <msg> <patch>
+'git mailinfo' [-k|-b] [-u | --encoding=<encoding> | -n] [--[no-]scissors] <msg> <patch>
 
 
 DESCRIPTION
diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge-base.txt b/Documentation/git-merge-base.txt
index b295bf8..87842e3 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-merge-base.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-merge-base.txt
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 [verse]
 'git merge-base' [-a|--all] <commit> <commit>...
 'git merge-base' [-a|--all] --octopus <commit>...
+'git merge-base' --is-ancestor <commit> <commit>
 'git merge-base' --independent <commit>...
 
 DESCRIPTION
@@ -50,6 +51,12 @@
 	from any other.  This mimics the behavior of 'git show-branch
 	--independent'.
 
+--is-ancestor::
+	Check if the first <commit> is an ancestor of the second <commit>,
+	and exit with status 0 if true, or with status 1 if not.
+	Errors are signaled by a non-zero status that is not 1.
+
+
 OPTIONS
 -------
 -a::
@@ -110,6 +117,27 @@
 the other (both are 'best' merge bases).  When the `--all` option is not given,
 it is unspecified which best one is output.
 
+A common idiom to check "fast-forward-ness" between two commits A
+and B is (or at least used to be) to compute the merge base between
+A and B, and check if it is the same as A, in which case, A is an
+ancestor of B.  You will see this idiom used often in older scripts.
+
+	A=$(git rev-parse --verify A)
+	if test "$A" = "$(git merge-base A B)"
+	then
+		... A is an ancestor of B ...
+	fi
+
+In modern git, you can say this in a more direct way:
+
+	if git merge-base --is-ancestor A B
+	then
+		... A is an ancestor of B ...
+	fi
+
+instead.
+
+
 See also
 --------
 linkgit:git-rev-list[1],
diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge-index.txt b/Documentation/git-merge-index.txt
index e0df1b3..02676fb 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-merge-index.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-merge-index.txt
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 This looks up the <file>(s) in the index and, if there are any merge
-entries, passes the SHA1 hash for those files as arguments 1, 2, 3 (empty
+entries, passes the SHA-1 hash for those files as arguments 1, 2, 3 (empty
 argument if no file), and <file> as argument 4.  File modes for the three
 files are passed as arguments 5, 6 and 7.
 
@@ -41,13 +41,13 @@
 processes them in turn only stopping if merge returns a non-zero exit
 code.
 
-Typically this is run with a script calling git's imitation of
+Typically this is run with a script calling Git's imitation of
 the 'merge' command from the RCS package.
 
 A sample script called 'git merge-one-file' is included in the
 distribution.
 
-ALERT ALERT ALERT! The git "merge object order" is different from the
+ALERT ALERT ALERT! The Git "merge object order" is different from the
 RCS 'merge' program merge object order. In the above ordering, the
 original is first. But the argument order to the 3-way merge program
 'merge' is to have the original in the middle. Don't ask me why.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge.txt b/Documentation/git-merge.txt
index 3ceefb8..67ca99c 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-merge.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-merge.txt
@@ -76,8 +76,7 @@
 used to give a good default for automated 'git merge'
 invocations.
 
---rerere-autoupdate::
---no-rerere-autoupdate::
+--[no-]rerere-autoupdate::
 	Allow the rerere mechanism to update the index with the
 	result of auto-conflict resolution if possible.
 
@@ -99,7 +98,7 @@
 	more than two parents (affectionately called an Octopus merge).
 +
 If no commit is given from the command line, and if `merge.defaultToUpstream`
-configuration variable is set, merge the remote tracking branches
+configuration variable is set, merge the remote-tracking branches
 that the current branch is configured to use as its upstream.
 See also the configuration section of this manual page.
 
@@ -170,6 +169,30 @@
 If you tried a merge which resulted in complex conflicts and
 want to start over, you can recover with `git merge --abort`.
 
+MERGING TAG
+-----------
+
+When merging an annotated (and possibly signed) tag, Git always
+creates a merge commit even if a fast-forward merge is possible, and
+the commit message template is prepared with the tag message.
+Additionally, if the tag is signed, the signature check is reported
+as a comment in the message template. See also linkgit:git-tag[1].
+
+When you want to just integrate with the work leading to the commit
+that happens to be tagged, e.g. synchronizing with an upstream
+release point, you may not want to make an unnecessary merge commit.
+
+In such a case, you can "unwrap" the tag yourself before feeding it
+to `git merge`, or pass `--ff-only` when you do not have any work on
+your own. e.g.
+
+---
+git fetch origin
+git merge v1.2.3^0
+git merge --ff-only v1.2.3
+---
+
+
 HOW CONFLICTS ARE PRESENTED
 ---------------------------
 
@@ -178,10 +201,10 @@
 non-overlapping ones (that is, you changed an area of the file while the
 other side left that area intact, or vice versa) are incorporated in the
 final result verbatim.  When both sides made changes to the same area,
-however, git cannot randomly pick one side over the other, and asks you to
+however, Git cannot randomly pick one side over the other, and asks you to
 resolve it by leaving what both sides did to that area.
 
-By default, git uses the same style as that is used by "merge" program
+By default, Git uses the same style as the one used by the "merge" program
 from the RCS suite to present such a conflicted hunk, like this:
 
 ------------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-mergetool--lib.txt b/Documentation/git-mergetool--lib.txt
index f98a41b..055550b 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-mergetool--lib.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-mergetool--lib.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-mergetool--lib - Common git merge tool shell scriptlets
+git-mergetool--lib - Common Git merge tool shell scriptlets
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 
 The 'git-mergetool{litdd}lib' scriptlet is designed to be sourced (using
 `.`) by other shell scripts to set up functions for working
-with git merge tools.
+with Git merge tools.
 
 Before sourcing 'git-mergetool{litdd}lib', your script must set `TOOL_MODE`
 to define the operation mode for the functions listed below.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-mergetool.txt b/Documentation/git-mergetool.txt
index 2a49de7..07137f2 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-mergetool.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-mergetool.txt
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git mergetool' [--tool=<tool>] [-y|--no-prompt|--prompt] [<file>...]
+'git mergetool' [--tool=<tool>] [-y | --[no-]prompt] [<file>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -27,9 +27,9 @@
 -t <tool>::
 --tool=<tool>::
 	Use the merge resolution program specified by <tool>.
-	Valid merge tools are:
-	araxis, bc3, diffuse, ecmerge, emerge, gvimdiff, kdiff3,
-	meld, opendiff, p4merge, tkdiff, tortoisemerge, vimdiff and xxdiff.
+	Valid values include emerge, gvimdiff, kdiff3,
+	meld, vimdiff, and tortoisemerge. Run `git mergetool --tool-help`
+	for the list of valid <tool> settings.
 +
 If a merge resolution program is not specified, 'git mergetool'
 will use the configuration variable `merge.tool`.  If the
@@ -64,6 +64,9 @@
 Otherwise, 'git mergetool' will prompt the user to indicate the
 success of the resolution after the custom tool has exited.
 
+--tool-help::
+	Print a list of merge tools that may be used with `--tool`.
+
 -y::
 --no-prompt::
 	Don't prompt before each invocation of the merge resolution
diff --git a/Documentation/git-mktag.txt b/Documentation/git-mktag.txt
index 65e167a..3ca158b 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-mktag.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-mktag.txt
@@ -28,9 +28,9 @@
   tagger <tagger>
 
 followed by some 'optional' free-form message (some tags created
-by older git may not have `tagger` line).  The message, when
+by older Git may not have `tagger` line).  The message, when
 exists, is separated by a blank line from the header.  The
-message part may contain a signature that git itself doesn't
+message part may contain a signature that Git itself doesn't
 care about, but that can be verified with gpg.
 
 GIT
diff --git a/Documentation/git-mv.txt b/Documentation/git-mv.txt
index e3c8448..e93fcb4 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-mv.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-mv.txt
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
 -k::
         Skip move or rename actions which would lead to an error
 	condition. An error happens when a source is neither existing nor
-        controlled by GIT, or when it would overwrite an existing
+	controlled by Git, or when it would overwrite an existing
         file unless '-f' is given.
 -n::
 --dry-run::
diff --git a/Documentation/git-notes.txt b/Documentation/git-notes.txt
index b95aafa..46ef046 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-notes.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-notes.txt
@@ -39,6 +39,10 @@
 message, after an unindented line saying "Notes (<refname>):" (or
 "Notes:" for `refs/notes/commits`).
 
+Notes can also be added to patches prepared with `git format-patch` by
+using the `--notes` option. Such notes are added as a patch commentary
+after a three dash separator line.
+
 To change which notes are shown by 'git log', see the
 "notes.displayRef" configuration in linkgit:git-log[1].
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-p4.txt b/Documentation/git-p4.txt
index fe1f49b..c579fbc 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-p4.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-p4.txt
@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 This command provides a way to interact with p4 repositories
-using git.
+using Git.
 
-Create a new git repository from an existing p4 repository using
+Create a new Git repository from an existing p4 repository using
 'git p4 clone', giving it one or more p4 depot paths.  Incorporate
 new commits from p4 changes with 'git p4 sync'.  The 'sync' command
 is also used to include new branches from other p4 depot paths.
-Submit git changes back to p4 using 'git p4 submit'.  The command
+Submit Git changes back to p4 using 'git p4 submit'.  The command
 'git p4 rebase' does a sync plus rebases the current branch onto
 the updated p4 remote branch.
 
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
 $ git p4 clone //depot/path/project
 ------------
 
-* Do some work in the newly created git repository:
+* Do some work in the newly created Git repository:
 +
 ------------
 $ cd project
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
 $ git commit -a -m "edited foo.h"
 ------------
 
-* Update the git repository with recent changes from p4, rebasing your
+* Update the Git repository with recent changes from p4, rebasing your
   work on top:
 +
 ------------
@@ -64,21 +64,21 @@
 
 Clone
 ~~~~~
-Generally, 'git p4 clone' is used to create a new git directory
+Generally, 'git p4 clone' is used to create a new Git directory
 from an existing p4 repository:
 ------------
 $ git p4 clone //depot/path/project
 ------------
 This:
 
-1.   Creates an empty git repository in a subdirectory called 'project'.
+1.   Creates an empty Git repository in a subdirectory called 'project'.
 +
 2.   Imports the full contents of the head revision from the given p4
-depot path into a single commit in the git branch 'refs/remotes/p4/master'.
+depot path into a single commit in the Git branch 'refs/remotes/p4/master'.
 +
 3.   Creates a local branch, 'master' from this remote and checks it out.
 
-To reproduce the entire p4 history in git, use the '@all' modifier on
+To reproduce the entire p4 history in Git, use the '@all' modifier on
 the depot path:
 ------------
 $ git p4 clone //depot/path/project@all
@@ -88,13 +88,13 @@
 Sync
 ~~~~
 As development continues in the p4 repository, those changes can
-be included in the git repository using:
+be included in the Git repository using:
 ------------
 $ git p4 sync
 ------------
-This command finds new changes in p4 and imports them as git commits.
+This command finds new changes in p4 and imports them as Git commits.
 
-P4 repositories can be added to an existing git repository using
+P4 repositories can be added to an existing Git repository using
 'git p4 sync' too:
 ------------
 $ mkdir repo-git
@@ -103,14 +103,19 @@
 $ git p4 sync //path/in/your/perforce/depot
 ------------
 This imports the specified depot into
-'refs/remotes/p4/master' in an existing git repository.  The
+'refs/remotes/p4/master' in an existing Git repository.  The
 '--branch' option can be used to specify a different branch to
 be used for the p4 content.
 
-If a git repository includes branches 'refs/remotes/origin/p4', these
+If a Git repository includes branches 'refs/remotes/origin/p4', these
 will be fetched and consulted first during a 'git p4 sync'.  Since
 importing directly from p4 is considerably slower than pulling changes
-from a git remote, this can be useful in a multi-developer environment.
+from a Git remote, this can be useful in a multi-developer environment.
+
+If there are multiple branches, doing 'git p4 sync' will automatically
+use the "BRANCH DETECTION" algorithm to try to partition new changes
+into the right branch.  This can be overridden with the '--branch'
+option to specify just a single branch to update.
 
 
 Rebase
@@ -127,13 +132,13 @@
 
 Submit
 ~~~~~~
-Submitting changes from a git repository back to the p4 repository
+Submitting changes from a Git repository back to the p4 repository
 requires a separate p4 client workspace.  This should be specified
-using the 'P4CLIENT' environment variable or the git configuration
+using the 'P4CLIENT' environment variable or the Git configuration
 variable 'git-p4.client'.  The p4 client must exist, but the client root
 will be created and populated if it does not already exist.
 
-To submit all changes that are in the current git branch but not in
+To submit all changes that are in the current Git branch but not in
 the 'p4/master' branch, use:
 ------------
 $ git p4 submit
@@ -149,7 +154,7 @@
 
 The p4 changes will be created as the user invoking 'git p4 submit'. The
 '--preserve-user' option will cause ownership to be modified
-according to the author of the git commit.  This option requires admin
+according to the author of the Git commit.  This option requires admin
 privileges in p4, which can be granted using 'p4 protect'.
 
 
@@ -163,7 +168,7 @@
 --git-dir <dir>::
 	Set the 'GIT_DIR' environment variable.  See linkgit:git[1].
 
---verbose::
+--verbose, -v::
 	Provide more progress information.
 
 Sync options
@@ -173,12 +178,14 @@
 
 --branch <branch>::
 	Import changes into given branch.  If the branch starts with
-	'refs/', it will be used as is, otherwise the path 'refs/heads/'
-	will be prepended.  The default branch is 'master'.  If used
-	with an initial clone, no HEAD will be checked out.
+	'refs/', it will be used as is.  Otherwise if it does not start
+	with 'p4/', that prefix is added.  The branch is assumed to
+	name a remote tracking, but this can be modified using
+	'--import-local', or by giving a full ref name.  The default
+	branch is 'master'.
 +
 This example imports a new remote "p4/proj2" into an existing
-git repository:
+Git repository:
 +
 ----
     $ git init
@@ -199,11 +206,11 @@
 
 --detect-labels::
 	Query p4 for labels associated with the depot paths, and add
-	them as tags in git. Limited usefulness as only imports labels
+	them as tags in Git. Limited usefulness as only imports labels
 	associated with new changelists. Deprecated.
 
 --import-labels::
-	Import labels from p4 into git.
+	Import labels from p4 into Git.
 
 --import-local::
 	By default, p4 branches are stored in 'refs/remotes/p4/',
@@ -219,12 +226,12 @@
 	specifier.
 
 --keep-path::
-	The mapping of file names from the p4 depot path to git, by
+	The mapping of file names from the p4 depot path to Git, by
 	default, involves removing the entire depot path.  With this
-	option, the full p4 depot path is retained in git.  For example,
+	option, the full p4 depot path is retained in Git.  For example,
 	path '//depot/main/foo/bar.c', when imported from
 	'//depot/main/', becomes 'foo/bar.c'.  With '--keep-path', the
-	git path is instead 'depot/main/foo/bar.c'.
+	Git path is instead 'depot/main/foo/bar.c'.
 
 --use-client-spec::
 	Use a client spec to find the list of interesting files in p4.
@@ -236,7 +243,7 @@
 options described above.
 
 --destination <directory>::
-	Where to create the git repository.  If not provided, the last
+	Where to create the Git repository.  If not provided, the last
 	component in the p4 depot path is used to create a new
 	directory.
 
@@ -255,7 +262,7 @@
 	p4.  By default, this is the most recent p4 commit reachable
 	from 'HEAD'.
 
--M[<n>]::
+-M::
 	Detect renames.  See linkgit:git-diff[1].  Renames will be
 	represented in p4 using explicit 'move' operations.  There
 	is no corresponding option to detect copies, but there are
@@ -266,9 +273,32 @@
 	requires p4 admin privileges.
 
 --export-labels::
-	Export tags from git as p4 labels. Tags found in git are applied
+	Export tags from Git as p4 labels. Tags found in Git are applied
 	to the perforce working directory.
 
+--dry-run, -n::
+	Show just what commits would be submitted to p4; do not change
+	state in Git or p4.
+
+--prepare-p4-only::
+	Apply a commit to the p4 workspace, opening, adding and deleting
+	files in p4 as for a normal submit operation.  Do not issue the
+	final "p4 submit", but instead print a message about how to
+	submit manually or revert.  This option always stops after the
+	first (oldest) commit.  Git tags are not exported to p4.
+
+--conflict=(ask|skip|quit)::
+	Conflicts can occur when applying a commit to p4.  When this
+	happens, the default behavior ("ask") is to prompt whether to
+	skip this commit and continue, or quit.  This option can be used
+	to bypass the prompt, causing conflicting commits to be automatically
+	skipped, or to quit trying to apply commits, without prompting.
+
+--branch <branch>::
+	After submitting, sync this named branch instead of the default
+	p4/master.  See the "Sync options" section above for more
+	information.
+
 Rebase options
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 These options can be used to modify 'git p4 rebase' behavior.
@@ -294,12 +324,12 @@
 "//depot/proj1@all //depot/proj2@all"::
     Import all changes from both named depot paths into a single
     repository.  Only files below these directories are included.
-    There is not a subdirectory in git for each "proj1" and "proj2".
+    There is not a subdirectory in Git for each "proj1" and "proj2".
     You must use the '--destination' option when specifying more
     than one depot path.  The revision specifier must be specified
     identically on each depot path.  If there are files in the
     depot paths with the same name, the path with the most recently
-    updated version of the file is the one that appears in git.
+    updated version of the file is the one that appears in Git.
 
 See 'p4 help revisions' for the full syntax of p4 revision specifiers.
 
@@ -316,11 +346,11 @@
 work properly; the submit command looks only at the variable and does
 not have a command-line option.
 
-The full syntax for a p4 view is documented in 'p4 help views'.  'Git p4'
+The full syntax for a p4 view is documented in 'p4 help views'.  'git p4'
 knows only a subset of the view syntax.  It understands multi-line
 mappings, overlays with '+', exclusions with '-' and double-quotes
 around whitespace.  Of the possible wildcards, 'git p4' only handles
-'...', and only when it is at the end of the path.  'Git p4' will complain
+'...', and only when it is at the end of the path.  'git p4' will complain
 if it encounters an unhandled wildcard.
 
 Bugs in the implementation of overlap mappings exist.  If multiple depot
@@ -336,7 +366,7 @@
 
 BRANCH DETECTION
 ----------------
-P4 does not have the same concept of a branch as git.  Instead,
+P4 does not have the same concept of a branch as Git.  Instead,
 p4 organizes its content as a directory tree, where by convention
 different logical branches are in different locations in the tree.
 The 'p4 branch' command is used to maintain mappings between
@@ -346,7 +376,7 @@
 If you have a repository where all the branches of interest exist as
 subdirectories of a single depot path, you can use '--detect-branches'
 when cloning or syncing to have 'git p4' automatically find
-subdirectories in p4, and to generate these as branches in git.
+subdirectories in p4, and to generate these as branches in Git.
 
 For example, if the P4 repository structure is:
 ----
@@ -368,7 +398,7 @@
 
 However, it is not necessary to create branches in p4 to be able to use
 them like branches.  Because it is difficult to infer branch
-relationships automatically, a git configuration setting
+relationships automatically, a Git configuration setting
 'git-p4.branchList' can be used to explicitly identify branch
 relationships.  It is a list of "source:destination" pairs, like a
 simple p4 branch specification, where the "source" and "destination" are
@@ -376,15 +406,17 @@
 presence of the p4 branch.  Without p4 branches, the same result will
 occur with:
 ----
+git init depot
+cd depot
 git config git-p4.branchList main:branch1
-git p4 clone --detect-branches //depot@all
+git p4 clone --detect-branches //depot@all .
 ----
 
 
 PERFORMANCE
 -----------
 The fast-import mechanism used by 'git p4' creates one pack file for
-each invocation of 'git p4 sync'.  Normally, git garbage compression
+each invocation of 'git p4 sync'.  Normally, Git garbage compression
 (linkgit:git-gc[1]) automatically compresses these to fewer pack files,
 but explicit invocation of 'git repack -adf' may improve performance.
 
@@ -422,9 +454,9 @@
 Clone and sync variables
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 git-p4.syncFromOrigin::
-	Because importing commits from other git repositories is much faster
+	Because importing commits from other Git repositories is much faster
 	than importing them from p4, a mechanism exists to find p4 changes
-	first in git remotes.  If branches exist under 'refs/remote/origin/p4',
+	first in Git remotes.  If branches exist under 'refs/remote/origin/p4',
 	those will be fetched and used when syncing from p4.  This
 	variable can be set to 'false' to disable this behavior.
 
@@ -465,16 +497,18 @@
 Submit variables
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 git-p4.detectRenames::
-	Detect renames.  See linkgit:git-diff[1].
+	Detect renames.  See linkgit:git-diff[1].  This can be true,
+	false, or a score as expected by 'git diff -M'.
 
 git-p4.detectCopies::
-	Detect copies.  See linkgit:git-diff[1].
+	Detect copies.  See linkgit:git-diff[1].  This can be true,
+	false, or a score as expected by 'git diff -C'.
 
 git-p4.detectCopiesHarder::
-	Detect copies harder.  See linkgit:git-diff[1].
+	Detect copies harder.  See linkgit:git-diff[1].  A boolean.
 
 git-p4.preserveUser::
-	On submit, re-author changes to reflect the git author,
+	On submit, re-author changes to reflect the Git author,
 	regardless of who invokes 'git p4 submit'.
 
 git-p4.allowMissingP4Users::
@@ -511,19 +545,23 @@
 	present.
 
 git-p4.exportLabels::
-	Export git tags to p4 labels, as per --export-labels.
+	Export Git tags to p4 labels, as per --export-labels.
 
 git-p4.labelExportRegexp::
 	Only p4 labels matching this regular expression will be exported. The
 	default value is '[a-zA-Z0-9_\-.]+$'.
 
+git-p4.conflict::
+	Specify submit behavior when a conflict with p4 is found, as per
+	--conflict.  The default behavior is 'ask'.
+
 IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
 ----------------------
-* Changesets from p4 are imported using git fast-import.
+* Changesets from p4 are imported using Git fast-import.
 * Cloning or syncing does not require a p4 client; file contents are
   collected using 'p4 print'.
 * Submitting requires a p4 client, which is not in the same location
-  as the git repository.  Patches are applied, one at a time, to
+  as the Git repository.  Patches are applied, one at a time, to
   this p4 client and submitted from there.
 * Each commit imported by 'git p4' has a line at the end of the log
   message indicating the p4 depot location and change number.  This
diff --git a/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt b/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt
index 20c8551..d94edcd 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
 objects in the pack. Placing both the index file (.idx) and the packed
 archive (.pack) in the pack/ subdirectory of $GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY (or
 any of the directories on $GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES)
-enables git to read from the pack archive.
+enables Git to read from the pack archive.
 
 The 'git unpack-objects' command can read the packed archive and
 expand the objects contained in the pack into "one-file
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
 	Write into a pair of files (.pack and .idx), using
 	<base-name> to determine the name of the created file.
 	When this option is used, the two files are written in
-	<base-name>-<SHA1>.{pack,idx} files.  <SHA1> is a hash
+	<base-name>-<SHA-1>.{pack,idx} files.  <SHA-1> is a hash
 	of the sorted object names to make the resulting filename
 	based on the pack content, and written to the standard
 	output of the command.
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
 --include-tag::
 	Include unasked-for annotated tags if the object they
 	reference was included in the resulting packfile.  This
-	can be useful to send new tags to native git clients.
+	can be useful to send new tags to native Git clients.
 
 --window=<n>::
 --depth=<n>::
@@ -185,14 +185,14 @@
 	option only makes sense in conjunction with --stdout.
 +
 Note: A thin pack violates the packed archive format by omitting
-required objects and is thus unusable by git without making it
+required objects and is thus unusable by Git without making it
 self-contained. Use `git index-pack --fix-thin`
 (see linkgit:git-index-pack[1]) to restore the self-contained property.
 
 --delta-base-offset::
 	A packed archive can express the base object of a delta as
 	either a 20-byte object name or as an offset in the
-	stream, but ancient versions of git don't understand the
+	stream, but ancient versions of Git don't understand the
 	latter.  By default, 'git pack-objects' only uses the
 	former format for better compatibility.  This option
 	allows the command to use the latter format for
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@
 +
 Note: Porcelain commands such as `git gc` (see linkgit:git-gc[1]),
 `git repack` (see linkgit:git-repack[1]) pass this option by default
-in modern git when they put objects in your repository into pack files.
+in modern Git when they put objects in your repository into pack files.
 So does `git bundle` (see linkgit:git-bundle[1]) when it creates a bundle.
 
 --threads=<n>::
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@
 	This is meant to reduce packing time on multiprocessor machines.
 	The required amount of memory for the delta search window is
 	however multiplied by the number of threads.
-	Specifying 0 will cause git to auto-detect the number of CPU's
+	Specifying 0 will cause Git to auto-detect the number of CPU's
 	and set the number of threads accordingly.
 
 --index-version=<version>[,<offset>]::
diff --git a/Documentation/git-pack-refs.txt b/Documentation/git-pack-refs.txt
index 10afd4e..f131677 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-pack-refs.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-pack-refs.txt
@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@
 -----------
 
 Traditionally, tips of branches and tags (collectively known as
-'refs') were stored one file per ref under `$GIT_DIR/refs`
+'refs') were stored one file per ref in a (sub)directory
+under `$GIT_DIR/refs`
 directory.  While many branch tips tend to be updated often,
 most tags and some branch tips are never updated.  When a
 repository has hundreds or thousands of tags, this
@@ -22,13 +23,14 @@
 performance.
 
 This command is used to solve the storage and performance
-problem by stashing the refs in a single file,
+problem by storing the refs in a single file,
 `$GIT_DIR/packed-refs`.  When a ref is missing from the
-traditional `$GIT_DIR/refs` hierarchy, it is looked up in this
+traditional `$GIT_DIR/refs` directory hierarchy, it is looked
+up in this
 file and used if found.
 
 Subsequent updates to branches always create new files under
-`$GIT_DIR/refs` hierarchy.
+`$GIT_DIR/refs` directory hierarchy.
 
 A recommended practice to deal with a repository with too many
 refs is to pack its refs with `--all --prune` once, and
@@ -57,6 +59,15 @@
 The command usually removes loose refs under `$GIT_DIR/refs`
 hierarchy after packing them.  This option tells it not to.
 
+
+BUGS
+----
+
+Older documentation written before the packed-refs mechanism was
+introduced may still say things like ".git/refs/heads/<branch> file
+exists" when it means "branch <branch> exists".
+
+
 GIT
 ---
 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-patch-id.txt b/Documentation/git-patch-id.txt
index 90268f0..312c3b1 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-patch-id.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-patch-id.txt
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-A "patch ID" is nothing but a SHA1 of the diff associated with a patch, with
+A "patch ID" is nothing but a SHA-1 of the diff associated with a patch, with
 whitespace and line numbers ignored.  As such, it's "reasonably stable", but at
 the same time also reasonably unique, i.e., two patches that have the same "patch
 ID" are almost guaranteed to be the same thing.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-pull.txt b/Documentation/git-pull.txt
index defb544..24ab07a 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-pull.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-pull.txt
@@ -59,8 +59,8 @@
 See linkgit:git-merge[1] for details, including how conflicts
 are presented and handled.
 
-In git 1.7.0 or later, to cancel a conflicting merge, use
-`git reset --merge`.  *Warning*: In older versions of git, running 'git pull'
+In Git 1.7.0 or later, to cancel a conflicting merge, use
+`git reset --merge`.  *Warning*: In older versions of Git, running 'git pull'
 with uncommitted changes is discouraged: while possible, it leaves you
 in a state that may be hard to back out of in the case of a conflict.
 
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@
 	This option controls if new commits of all populated submodules should
 	be fetched too (see linkgit:git-config[1] and linkgit:gitmodules[5]).
 	That might be necessary to get the data needed for merging submodule
-	commits, a feature git learned in 1.7.3. Notice that the result of a
+	commits, a feature Git learned in 1.7.3. Notice that the result of a
 	merge will not be checked out in the submodule, "git submodule update"
 	has to be called afterwards to bring the work tree up to date with the
 	merge result.
@@ -101,6 +101,7 @@
 
 :git-pull: 1
 
+-r::
 --rebase::
 	Rebase the current branch on top of the upstream branch after
 	fetching.  If there is a remote-tracking branch corresponding to
@@ -217,7 +218,7 @@
 ------------------------------------------------
 
 
-If you tried a pull which resulted in a complex conflicts and
+If you tried a pull which resulted in complex conflicts and
 would want to start over, you can recover with 'git reset'.
 
 
@@ -227,7 +228,7 @@
 out submodules right now. When e.g. upstream added a new submodule in the
 just fetched commits of the superproject the submodule itself can not be
 fetched, making it impossible to check out that submodule later without
-having to do a fetch again. This is expected to be fixed in a future git
+having to do a fetch again. This is expected to be fixed in a future Git
 version.
 
 SEE ALSO
diff --git a/Documentation/git-push.txt b/Documentation/git-push.txt
index cb97cc1..df5be26 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-push.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-push.txt
@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git push' [--all | --mirror | --tags] [-n | --dry-run] [--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>]
+'git push' [--all | --mirror | --tags] [--follow-tags] [-n | --dry-run] [--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>]
 	   [--repo=<repository>] [-f | --force] [--prune] [-v | --verbose] [-u | --set-upstream]
-	   [<repository> [<refspec>...]]
+	   [--no-verify] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -23,6 +23,17 @@
 every time you push into it, by setting up 'hooks' there.  See
 documentation for linkgit:git-receive-pack[1].
 
+When the command line does not specify where to push with the
+`<repository>` argument, `branch.*.remote` configuration for the
+current branch is consulted to determine where to push.  If the
+configuration is missing, it defaults to 'origin'.
+
+When the command line does not specify what to push with `<refspec>...`
+arguments or `--all`, `--mirror`, `--tags` options, the command finds
+the default `<refspec>` by consulting `remote.*.push` configuration,
+and if it is not found, honors `push.default` configuration to decide
+what to push (See gitlink:git-config[1] for the meaning of `push.default`).
+
 
 OPTIONS[[OPTIONS]]
 ------------------
@@ -33,11 +44,10 @@
 	of a remote (see the section <<REMOTES,REMOTES>> below).
 
 <refspec>...::
+	Specify what destination ref to update with what source object.
 	The format of a <refspec> parameter is an optional plus
-	`+`, followed by the source ref <src>, followed
+	`+`, followed by the source object <src>, followed
 	by a colon `:`, followed by the destination ref <dst>.
-	It is used to specify with what <src> object the <dst> ref
-	in the remote repository is to be updated.
 +
 The <src> is often the name of the branch you would want to push, but
 it can be any arbitrary "SHA-1 expression", such as `master~4` or
@@ -49,10 +59,11 @@
 updated.
 +
 The object referenced by <src> is used to update the <dst> reference
-on the remote side, but by default this is only allowed if the
-update can fast-forward <dst>.  By having the optional leading `+`,
-you can tell git to update the <dst> ref even when the update is not a
-fast-forward.  This does *not* attempt to merge <src> into <dst>.  See
+on the remote side.  By default this is only allowed if <dst> is not
+a tag (annotated or lightweight), and then only if it can fast-forward
+<dst>.  By having the optional leading `+`, you can tell Git to update
+the <dst> ref even if it is not allowed by default (e.g., it is not a
+fast-forward.)  This does *not* attempt to merge <src> into <dst>.  See
 EXAMPLES below for details.
 +
 `tag <tag>` means the same as `refs/tags/<tag>:refs/tags/<tag>`.
@@ -61,11 +72,9 @@
 the remote repository.
 +
 The special refspec `:` (or `+:` to allow non-fast-forward updates)
-directs git to push "matching" branches: for every branch that exists on
+directs Git to push "matching" branches: for every branch that exists on
 the local side, the remote side is updated if a branch of the same name
-already exists on the remote side.  This is the default operation mode
-if no explicit refspec is found (that is neither on the command line
-nor in any Push line of the corresponding remotes file---see below).
+already exists on the remote side.
 
 --all::
 	Instead of naming each ref to push, specifies that all
@@ -108,6 +117,12 @@
 	addition to refspecs explicitly listed on the command
 	line.
 
+--follow-tags::
+	Push all the refs that would be pushed without this option,
+	and also push annotated tags in `refs/tags` that are missing
+	from the remote but are pointing at committish that are
+	reachable from the refs being pushed.
+
 --receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>::
 --exec=<git-receive-pack>::
 	Path to the 'git-receive-pack' program on the remote
@@ -147,8 +162,7 @@
 	linkgit:git-pull[1] and other commands. For more information,
 	see 'branch.<name>.merge' in linkgit:git-config[1].
 
---thin::
---no-thin::
+--[no-]thin::
 	These options are passed to linkgit:git-send-pack[1]. A thin transfer
 	significantly reduces the amount of sent data when the sender and
 	receiver share many of the same objects in common. The default is
@@ -172,8 +186,8 @@
 
 --recurse-submodules=check|on-demand::
 	Make sure all submodule commits used by the revisions to be
-	pushed are available on a remote tracking branch. If 'check' is
-	used git will verify that all submodule commits that changed in
+	pushed are available on a remote-tracking branch. If 'check' is
+	used Git will verify that all submodule commits that changed in
 	the revisions to be pushed are available on at least one remote
 	of the submodule. If any commits are missing the push will be
 	aborted and exit with non-zero status. If 'on-demand' is used
@@ -181,6 +195,11 @@
 	be pushed. If on-demand was not able to push all necessary
 	revisions it will also be aborted and exit with non-zero status.
 
+--[no-]verify::
+	Toggle the pre-push hook (see linkgit:githooks[5]).  The
+	default is \--verify, giving the hook a chance to prevent the
+	push.  With \--no-verify, the hook is bypassed completely.
+
 
 include::urls-remotes.txt[]
 
@@ -188,7 +207,7 @@
 ------
 
 The output of "git push" depends on the transport method used; this
-section describes the output when pushing over the git protocol (either
+section describes the output when pushing over the Git protocol (either
 locally or via ssh).
 
 The status of the push is output in tabular form, with each line
@@ -283,7 +302,8 @@
 ----------------
 
 Further suppose that the other person already pushed changes leading to A
-back to the original repository you two obtained the original commit X.
+back to the original repository from which you two obtained the original
+commit X.
 
 The push done by the other person updated the branch that used to point at
 commit X to point at commit A.  It is a fast-forward.
@@ -357,7 +377,8 @@
 	`git push origin :`.
 +
 The default behavior of this command when no <refspec> is given can be
-configured by setting the `push` option of the remote.
+configured by setting the `push` option of the remote, or the `push.default`
+configuration variable.
 +
 For example, to default to pushing only the current branch to `origin`
 use `git config remote.origin.push HEAD`.  Any valid <refspec> (like
@@ -380,11 +401,23 @@
 	A handy way to push the current branch to the same name on the
 	remote.
 
-`git push origin master:satellite/master dev:satellite/dev`::
+`git push mothership master:satellite/master dev:satellite/dev`::
 	Use the source ref that matches `master` (e.g. `refs/heads/master`)
 	to update the ref that matches `satellite/master` (most probably
-	`refs/remotes/satellite/master`) in the `origin` repository, then
+	`refs/remotes/satellite/master`) in the `mothership` repository;
 	do the same for `dev` and `satellite/dev`.
++
+This is to emulate `git fetch` run on the `mothership` using `git
+push` that is run in the opposite direction in order to integrate
+the work done on `satellite`, and is often necessary when you can
+only make connection in one way (i.e. satellite can ssh into
+mothership but mothership cannot initiate connection to satellite
+because the latter is behind a firewall or does not run sshd).
++
+After running this `git push` on the `satellite` machine, you would
+ssh into the `mothership` and run `git merge` there to complete the
+emulation of `git pull` that were run on `mothership` to pull changes
+made on `satellite`.
 
 `git push origin HEAD:master`::
 	Push the current branch to the remote ref matching `master` in the
diff --git a/Documentation/git-quiltimport.txt b/Documentation/git-quiltimport.txt
index 7f112f3..a356196 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-quiltimport.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-quiltimport.txt
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Applies a quilt patchset onto the current git branch, preserving
+Applies a quilt patchset onto the current Git branch, preserving
 the patch boundaries, patch order, and patch descriptions present
 in the quilt patchset.
 
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 interactively enter the author of the patch.
 
 If a subject is not found in the patch description the patch name is
-preserved as the 1 line subject in the git description.
+preserved as the 1 line subject in the Git description.
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt
index 147fa1a..aca8405 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt
@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git rebase' [-i | --interactive] [options] [--onto <newbase>]
+'git rebase' [-i | --interactive] [options] [--exec <cmd>] [--onto <newbase>]
 	[<upstream>] [<branch>]
-'git rebase' [-i | --interactive] [options] --onto <newbase>
+'git rebase' [-i | --interactive] [options] [--exec <cmd>] [--onto <newbase>]
 	--root [<branch>]
-'git rebase' --continue | --skip | --abort
+'git rebase' --continue | --skip | --abort | --edit-todo
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@
 In case of conflict, 'git rebase' will stop at the first problematic commit
 and leave conflict markers in the tree.  You can use 'git diff' to locate
 the markers (<<<<<<) and make edits to resolve the conflict.  For each
-file you edit, you need to tell git that the conflict has been resolved,
+file you edit, you need to tell Git that the conflict has been resolved,
 typically this would be done with
 
 
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
-<newbase>::
+--onto <newbase>::
 	Starting point at which to create the new commits. If the
 	--onto option is not specified, the starting point is
 	<upstream>.  May be any valid commit, and not just an
@@ -245,6 +245,9 @@
 --skip::
 	Restart the rebasing process by skipping the current patch.
 
+--edit-todo::
+	Edit the todo list during an interactive rebase.
+
 -m::
 --merge::
 	Use merging strategies to rebase.  When the recursive (default) merge
@@ -273,7 +276,7 @@
 	Pass the <strategy-option> through to the merge strategy.
 	This implies `--merge` and, if no strategy has been
 	specified, `-s recursive`.  Note the reversal of 'ours' and
-	'theirs' as noted in above for the `-m` option.
+	'theirs' as noted above for the `-m` option.
 
 -q::
 --quiet::
@@ -344,14 +347,36 @@
 with the `--interactive` option explicitly is generally not a good
 idea unless you know what you are doing (see BUGS below).
 
+-x <cmd>::
+--exec <cmd>::
+	Append "exec <cmd>" after each line creating a commit in the
+	final history. <cmd> will be interpreted as one or more shell
+	commands.
++
+This option can only be used with the `--interactive` option
+(see INTERACTIVE MODE below).
++
+You may execute several commands by either using one instance of `--exec`
+with several commands:
++
+	git rebase -i --exec "cmd1 && cmd2 && ..."
++
+or by giving more than one `--exec`:
++
+	git rebase -i --exec "cmd1" --exec "cmd2" --exec ...
++
+If `--autosquash` is used, "exec" lines will not be appended for
+the intermediate commits, and will only appear at the end of each
+squash/fixup series.
 
 --root::
 	Rebase all commits reachable from <branch>, instead of
 	limiting them with an <upstream>.  This allows you to rebase
-	the root commit(s) on a branch.  Must be used with --onto, and
+	the root commit(s) on a branch.  When used with --onto, it
 	will skip changes already contained in <newbase> (instead of
-	<upstream>).  When used together with --preserve-merges, 'all'
-	root commits will be rewritten to have <newbase> as parent
+	<upstream>) whereas without --onto it will operate on every change.
+	When used together with both --onto and --preserve-merges,
+	'all' root commits will be rewritten to have <newbase> as parent
 	instead.
 
 --autosquash::
@@ -521,6 +546,24 @@
 use shell features (like "cd", ">", ";" ...). The command is run from
 the root of the working tree.
 
+----------------------------------
+$ git rebase -i --exec "make test"
+----------------------------------
+
+This command lets you check that intermediate commits are compilable.
+The todo list becomes like that:
+
+--------------------
+pick 5928aea one
+exec make test
+pick 04d0fda two
+exec make test
+pick ba46169 three
+exec make test
+pick f4593f9 four
+exec make test
+--------------------
+
 SPLITTING COMMITS
 -----------------
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-reflog.txt b/Documentation/git-reflog.txt
index 7fe2d22..fb8697e 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-reflog.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-reflog.txt
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
 as well).  It is an alias for `git log -g --abbrev-commit --pretty=oneline`;
 see linkgit:git-log[1].
 
-The reflog is useful in various git commands, to specify the old value
+The reflog is useful in various Git commands, to specify the old value
 of a reference. For example, `HEAD@{2}` means "where HEAD used to be
 two moves ago", `master@{one.week.ago}` means "where master used to
 point to one week ago", and so on. See linkgit:gitrevisions[7] for
diff --git a/Documentation/git-remote-ext.txt b/Documentation/git-remote-ext.txt
index 8a8e1d7..8cfc748 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-remote-ext.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-remote-ext.txt
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 This remote helper uses the specified '<command>' to connect
-to a remote git server.
+to a remote Git server.
 
 Data written to stdin of the specified '<command>' is assumed
 to be sent to a git:// server, git-upload-pack, git-receive-pack
@@ -33,12 +33,12 @@
 
 '%s'::
 	Replaced with name (receive-pack, upload-pack, or
-	upload-archive) of the service git wants to invoke.
+	upload-archive) of the service Git wants to invoke.
 
 '%S'::
 	Replaced with long name (git-receive-pack,
 	git-upload-pack, or git-upload-archive) of the service
-	git wants to invoke.
+	Git wants to invoke.
 
 '%G' (must be the first characters in an argument)::
 	This argument will not be passed to '<command>'. Instead, it
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
 
 EXAMPLES:
 ---------
-This remote helper is transparently used by git when
+This remote helper is transparently used by Git when
 you use commands such as "git fetch <URL>", "git clone <URL>",
 , "git push <URL>" or "git remote add <nick> <URL>", where <URL>
 begins with `ext::`.  Examples:
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@
 	edit .ssh/config.
 
 "ext::socat -t3600 - ABSTRACT-CONNECT:/git-server %G/somerepo"::
-	Represents repository with path /somerepo accessable over
+	Represents repository with path /somerepo accessible over
 	git protocol at abstract namespace address /git-server.
 
 "ext::git-server-alias foo %G/repo"::
@@ -100,14 +100,14 @@
 	Represents a repository with path /repo accessed using the
 	helper program "git-server-alias foo".  The hostname for the
 	remote server passed in the protocol stream will be "foo"
-	(this allows multiple virtual git servers to share a
+	(this allows multiple virtual Git servers to share a
 	link-level address).
 
 "ext::git-server-alias foo %G/repo% with% spaces %Vfoo"::
 	Represents a repository with path '/repo with spaces' accessed
 	using the helper program "git-server-alias foo".  The hostname for
 	the remote server passed in the protocol stream will be "foo"
-	(this allows multiple virtual git servers to share a
+	(this allows multiple virtual Git servers to share a
 	link-level address).
 
 "ext::git-ssl foo.example /bar"::
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@
 
 Documentation
 --------------
-Documentation by Ilari Liusvaara, Jonathan Nieder and the git list
+Documentation by Ilari Liusvaara, Jonathan Nieder and the Git list
 <git@vger.kernel.org>
 
 GIT
diff --git a/Documentation/git-remote-fd.txt b/Documentation/git-remote-fd.txt
index f095d57..933c2ad 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-remote-fd.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-remote-fd.txt
@@ -11,14 +11,14 @@
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-This helper uses specified file descriptors to connect to a remote git server.
+This helper uses specified file descriptors to connect to a remote Git server.
 This is not meant for end users but for programs and scripts calling git
 fetch, push or archive.
 
 If only <infd> is given, it is assumed to be a bidirectional socket connected
-to remote git server (git-upload-pack, git-receive-pack or
+to remote Git server (git-upload-pack, git-receive-pack or
 git-upload-achive). If both <infd> and <outfd> are given, they are assumed
-to be pipes connected to a remote git server (<infd> being the inbound pipe
+to be pipes connected to a remote Git server (<infd> being the inbound pipe
 and <outfd> being the outbound pipe.
 
 It is assumed that any handshaking procedures have already been completed
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
 
 Documentation
 --------------
-Documentation by Ilari Liusvaara and the git list <git@vger.kernel.org>
+Documentation by Ilari Liusvaara and the Git list <git@vger.kernel.org>
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-remote-helpers.txto b/Documentation/git-remote-helpers.txto
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49233f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-remote-helpers.txto
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+git-remote-helpers
+==================
+
+This document has been moved to linkgit:gitremote-helpers[1].
+
+Please let the owners of the referring site know so that they can update the
+link you clicked to get here.
+
+Thanks.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-remote-testgit.txt b/Documentation/git-remote-testgit.txt
index 2a67d45..f791d73 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-remote-testgit.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-remote-testgit.txt
@@ -19,11 +19,11 @@
 show remote-helper authors one possible implementation.
 
 The best way to learn more is to read the comments and source code in
-'git-remote-testgit.py'.
+'git-remote-testgit'.
 
 SEE ALSO
 --------
-linkgit:git-remote-helpers[1]
+linkgit:gitremote-helpers[1]
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-remote.txt b/Documentation/git-remote.txt
index a308f4c..581bb4c 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-remote.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-remote.txt
@@ -10,16 +10,16 @@
 --------
 [verse]
 'git remote' [-v | --verbose]
-'git remote add' [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags|--no-tags] [--mirror=<fetch|push>] <name> <url>
+'git remote add' [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--[no-]tags] [--mirror=<fetch|push>] <name> <url>
 'git remote rename' <old> <new>
-'git remote rm' <name>
+'git remote remove' <name>
 'git remote set-head' <name> (-a | -d | <branch>)
 'git remote set-branches' [--add] <name> <branch>...
 'git remote set-url' [--push] <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>]
 'git remote set-url --add' [--push] <name> <newurl>
 'git remote set-url --delete' [--push] <name> <url>
-'git remote' [-v | --verbose] 'show' [-n] <name>
-'git remote prune' [-n | --dry-run] <name>
+'git remote' [-v | --verbose] 'show' [-n] <name>...
+'git remote prune' [-n | --dry-run] <name>...
 'git remote' [-v | --verbose] 'update' [-p | --prune] [(<group> | <remote>)...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@
 `$GIT_DIR/remotes` or `$GIT_DIR/branches`, the remote is converted to
 the configuration file format.
 
+'remove'::
 'rm'::
 
 Remove the remote named <name>. All remote-tracking branches and
diff --git a/Documentation/git-replace.txt b/Documentation/git-replace.txt
index 17df525..e0b4057 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-replace.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-replace.txt
@@ -14,16 +14,15 @@
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Adds a 'replace' reference in `.git/refs/replace/`
+Adds a 'replace' reference in `refs/replace/` namespace.
 
-The name of the 'replace' reference is the SHA1 of the object that is
-replaced. The content of the 'replace' reference is the SHA1 of the
+The name of the 'replace' reference is the SHA-1 of the object that is
+replaced. The content of the 'replace' reference is the SHA-1 of the
 replacement object.
 
-Unless `-f` is given, the 'replace' reference must not yet exist in
-`.git/refs/replace/` directory.
+Unless `-f` is given, the 'replace' reference must not yet exist.
 
-Replacement references will be used by default by all git commands
+Replacement references will be used by default by all Git commands
 except those doing reachability traversal (prune, pack transfer and
 fsck).
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-reset.txt b/Documentation/git-reset.txt
index 117e374..a404b47 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-reset.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-reset.txt
@@ -8,20 +8,20 @@
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git reset' [-q] [<commit>] [--] <paths>...
-'git reset' (--patch | -p) [<commit>] [--] [<paths>...]
-'git reset' (--soft | --mixed | --hard | --merge | --keep) [-q] [<commit>]
+'git reset' [-q] [<tree-ish>] [--] <paths>...
+'git reset' (--patch | -p) [<tree-sh>] [--] [<paths>...]
+'git reset' [--soft | --mixed | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-In the first and second form, copy entries from <commit> to the index.
+In the first and second form, copy entries from <tree-ish> to the index.
 In the third form, set the current branch head (HEAD) to <commit>, optionally
-modifying index and working tree to match.  The <commit> defaults to HEAD
-in all forms.
+modifying index and working tree to match.  The <tree-ish>/<commit> defaults
+to HEAD in all forms.
 
-'git reset' [-q] [<commit>] [--] <paths>...::
+'git reset' [-q] [<tree-ish>] [--] <paths>...::
 	This form resets the index entries for all <paths> to their
-	state at <commit>.  (It does not affect the working tree, nor
+	state at <tree-ish>.  (It does not affect the working tree, nor
 	the current branch.)
 +
 This means that `git reset <paths>` is the opposite of `git add
@@ -34,20 +34,20 @@
 can copy the contents of a path out of a commit to the index and to the
 working tree in one go.
 
-'git reset' (--patch | -p) [<commit>] [--] [<paths>...]::
+'git reset' (--patch | -p) [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]::
 	Interactively select hunks in the difference between the index
-	and <commit> (defaults to HEAD).  The chosen hunks are applied
+	and <tree-ish> (defaults to HEAD).  The chosen hunks are applied
 	in reverse to the index.
 +
 This means that `git reset -p` is the opposite of `git add -p`, i.e.
 you can use it to selectively reset hunks. See the ``Interactive Mode''
 section of linkgit:git-add[1] to learn how to operate the `--patch` mode.
 
-'git reset' --<mode> [<commit>]::
+'git reset' [<mode>] [<commit>]::
 	This form resets the current branch head to <commit> and
 	possibly updates the index (resetting it to the tree of <commit>) and
-	the working tree depending on <mode>, which
-	must be one of the following:
+	the working tree depending on <mode>. If <mode> is omitted,
+	defaults to "--mixed". The <mode> must be one of the following:
 +
 --
 --soft::
diff --git a/Documentation/git-rev-list.txt b/Documentation/git-rev-list.txt
index 38fafca..65ac27e 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-rev-list.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-rev-list.txt
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@
 	$ git rev-list A...B
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-'rev-list' is a very essential git command, since it
+'rev-list' is a very essential Git command, since it
 provides the ability to build and traverse commit ancestry graphs. For
 this reason, it has a lot of different options that enables it to be
 used by commands as different as 'git bisect' and
diff --git a/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt b/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt
index 4cc3e95..947d62f 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-Many git porcelainish commands take mixture of flags
+Many Git porcelainish commands take mixture of flags
 (i.e. parameters that begin with a dash '-') and parameters
 meant for the underlying 'git rev-list' command they use internally
 and flags and parameters for the other commands they use
@@ -60,8 +60,19 @@
 	instead.
 
 --verify::
-	The parameter given must be usable as a single, valid
-	object name.  Otherwise barf and abort.
+	Verify that exactly one parameter is provided, and that it
+	can be turned into a raw 20-byte SHA-1 that can be used to
+	access the object database. If so, emit it to the standard
+	output; otherwise, error out.
++
+If you want to make sure that the output actually names an object in
+your object database and/or can be used as a specific type of object
+you require, you can add "^{type}" peeling operator to the parmeter.
+For example, `git rev-parse "$VAR^{commit}"` will make sure `$VAR`
+names an existing object that is a commit-ish (i.e. a commit, or an
+annotated tag that points at a commit).  To make sure that `$VAR`
+names an existing object of any type, `git rev-parse "$VAR^{object}"`
+can be used.
 
 -q::
 --quiet::
@@ -84,7 +95,7 @@
 	one.
 
 --symbolic::
-	Usually the object names are output in SHA1 form (with
+	Usually the object names are output in SHA-1 form (with
 	possible '{caret}' prefix); this option makes them output in a
 	form as close to the original input as possible.
 
@@ -101,6 +112,12 @@
 	The option core.warnAmbiguousRefs is used to select the strict
 	abbreviation mode.
 
+--disambiguate=<prefix>::
+	Show every object whose name begins with the given prefix.
+	The <prefix> must be at least 4 hexadecimal digits long to
+	avoid listing each and every object in the repository by
+	mistake.
+
 --all::
 	Show all refs found in `refs/`.
 
@@ -141,7 +158,7 @@
 	relative to the current working directory.
 +
 If `$GIT_DIR` is not defined and the current directory
-is not detected to lie in a git repository or work tree
+is not detected to lie in a Git repository or work tree
 print a message to stderr and exit with nonzero status.
 
 --is-inside-git-dir::
@@ -163,7 +180,7 @@
 
 --short::
 --short=number::
-	Instead of outputting the full SHA1 values of object names try to
+	Instead of outputting the full SHA-1 values of object names try to
 	abbreviate them to a shorter unique name. When no length is specified
 	7 is used. The minimum length is 4.
 
@@ -181,9 +198,11 @@
 	Flags and parameters to be parsed.
 
 --resolve-git-dir <path>::
-	Check if <path> is a valid git-dir or a git-file pointing to a valid
-	git-dir. If <path> is a valid git-dir the resolved path to git-dir will
-	be printed.
+	Check if <path> is a valid repository or a gitfile that
+	points at a valid repository, and print the location of the
+	repository.  If <path> is a gitfile then the resolved path
+	to the real repository is printed.
+
 
 include::revisions.txt[]
 
@@ -300,12 +319,12 @@
 * Print the commit object name from the revision in the $REV shell variable:
 +
 ------------
-$ git rev-parse --verify $REV
+$ git rev-parse --verify $REV^{commit}
 ------------
 +
 This will error out if $REV is empty or not a valid revision.
 
-* Same as above:
+* Similar to above:
 +
 ------------
 $ git rev-parse --default master --verify $REV
diff --git a/Documentation/git-revert.txt b/Documentation/git-revert.txt
index 70152e8..f79c9d8 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-revert.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-revert.txt
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git revert' [--edit | --no-edit] [-n] [-m parent-number] [-s] <commit>...
+'git revert' [--[no-]edit] [-n] [-m parent-number] [-s] <commit>...
 'git revert' --continue
 'git revert' --quit
 'git revert' --abort
diff --git a/Documentation/git-rm.txt b/Documentation/git-rm.txt
index 5d31860..1d876c2 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-rm.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-rm.txt
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 -------
 <file>...::
 	Files to remove.  Fileglobs (e.g. `*.c`) can be given to
-	remove all matching files.  If you want git to expand
+	remove all matching files.  If you want Git to expand
 	file glob characters, you may need to shell-escape them.
 	A leading directory name
 	(e.g. `dir` to remove `dir/file1` and `dir/file2`) can be
@@ -74,8 +74,8 @@
 
 The <file> list given to the command can be exact pathnames,
 file glob patterns, or leading directory names.  The command
-removes only the paths that are known to git.  Giving the name of
-a file that you have not told git about does not remove that file.
+removes only the paths that are known to Git.  Giving the name of
+a file that you have not told Git about does not remove that file.
 
 File globbing matches across directory boundaries.  Thus, given
 two directories `d` and `d2`, there is a difference between
@@ -134,6 +134,25 @@
 git diff --name-only --diff-filter=D -z | xargs -0 git rm --cached
 ----------------
 
+Submodules
+~~~~~~~~~~
+Only submodules using a gitfile (which means they were cloned
+with a Git version 1.7.8 or newer) will be removed from the work
+tree, as their repository lives inside the .git directory of the
+superproject. If a submodule (or one of those nested inside it)
+still uses a .git directory, `git rm` will fail - no matter if forced
+or not - to protect the submodule's history.
+
+A submodule is considered up-to-date when the HEAD is the same as
+recorded in the index, no tracked files are modified and no untracked
+files that aren't ignored are present in the submodules work tree.
+Ignored files are deemed expendable and won't stop a submodule's work
+tree from being removed.
+
+If you only want to remove the local checkout of a submodule from your
+work tree without committing the removal,
+use linkgit:git-submodule[1] `deinit` instead.
+
 EXAMPLES
 --------
 `git rm Documentation/\*.txt`::
@@ -141,7 +160,7 @@
 	`Documentation` directory and any of its subdirectories.
 +
 Note that the asterisk `*` is quoted from the shell in this
-example; this lets git, and not the shell, expand the pathnames
+example; this lets Git, and not the shell, expand the pathnames
 of files and subdirectories under the `Documentation/` directory.
 
 `git rm -f git-*.sh`::
diff --git a/Documentation/git-send-email.txt b/Documentation/git-send-email.txt
index 3241170..40a9a9a 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-send-email.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-send-email.txt
@@ -45,8 +45,9 @@
 ~~~~~~~~~
 
 --annotate::
-	Review and edit each patch you're about to send. See the
-	CONFIGURATION section for 'sendemail.multiedit'.
+	Review and edit each patch you're about to send. Default is the value
+	of 'sendemail.annotate'. See the CONFIGURATION section for
+	'sendemail.multiedit'.
 
 --bcc=<address>::
 	Specify a "Bcc:" value for each email. Default is the value of
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@
 When '--compose' is used, git send-email will use the From, Subject, and
 In-Reply-To headers specified in the message. If the body of the message
 (what you type after the headers and a blank line) only contains blank
-(or GIT: prefixed) lines the summary won't be sent, but From, Subject,
+(or Git: prefixed) lines the summary won't be sent, but From, Subject,
 and In-Reply-To headers will be used unless they are removed.
 +
 Missing From or In-Reply-To headers will be prompted for.
@@ -126,6 +127,10 @@
 +
 Note that no attempts whatsoever are made to validate the encoding.
 
+--compose-encoding=<encoding>::
+	Specify encoding of compose message. Default is the value of the
+	'sendemail.composeencoding'; if that is unspecified, UTF-8 is assumed.
+
 
 Sending
 ~~~~~~~
@@ -160,8 +165,8 @@
 Furthermore, passwords need not be specified in configuration files
 or on the command line. If a username has been specified (with
 '--smtp-user' or a 'sendemail.smtpuser'), but no password has been
-specified (with '--smtp-pass' or 'sendemail.smtppass'), then the
-user is prompted for a password while the input is masked for privacy.
+specified (with '--smtp-pass' or 'sendemail.smtppass'), then
+a password is obtained using 'git-credential'.
 
 --smtp-server=<host>::
 	If set, specifies the outgoing SMTP server to use (e.g.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-send-pack.txt b/Documentation/git-send-pack.txt
index bd3eaa6..dc3a568 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-send-pack.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-send-pack.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-send-pack - Push objects over git protocol to another repository
+git-send-pack - Push objects over Git protocol to another repository
 
 
 SYNOPSIS
diff --git a/Documentation/git-sh-setup.txt b/Documentation/git-sh-setup.txt
index 5e5f1c8..5d709d0 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-sh-setup.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-sh-setup.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-sh-setup - Common git shell script setup code
+git-sh-setup - Common Git shell script setup code
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 
 The 'git sh-setup' scriptlet is designed to be sourced (using
 `.`) by other shell scripts to set up some variables pointing at
-the normal git directories and a few helper shell functions.
+the normal Git directories and a few helper shell functions.
 
 Before sourcing it, your script should set up a few variables;
 `USAGE` (and `LONG_USAGE`, if any) is used to define message
@@ -82,6 +82,12 @@
 	outputs code for use with eval to set the GIT_AUTHOR_NAME,
 	GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL and GIT_AUTHOR_DATE variables for a given commit.
 
+create_virtual_base::
+	modifies the first file so only lines in common with the
+	second file remain. If there is insufficient common material,
+	then the first file is left empty. The result is suitable
+	as a virtual base input for a 3-way merge.
+
 GIT
 ---
 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-shell.txt b/Documentation/git-shell.txt
index 9b92506..c35051b 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-shell.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-shell.txt
@@ -9,25 +9,81 @@
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git shell' [-c <command> <argument>]
+'chsh' -s $(command -v git-shell) <user>
+'git clone' <user>`@localhost:/path/to/repo.git`
+'ssh' <user>`@localhost`
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-A login shell for SSH accounts to provide restricted Git access. When
-'-c' is given, the program executes <command> non-interactively;
-<command> can be one of 'git receive-pack', 'git upload-pack', 'git
-upload-archive', 'cvs server', or a command in COMMAND_DIR. The shell
-is started in interactive mode when no arguments are given; in this
-case, COMMAND_DIR must exist, and any of the executables in it can be
-invoked.
+This is a login shell for SSH accounts to provide restricted Git access.
+It permits execution only of server-side Git commands implementing the
+pull/push functionality, plus custom commands present in a subdirectory
+named `git-shell-commands` in the user's home directory.
 
-'cvs server' is a special command which executes git-cvsserver.
+COMMANDS
+--------
 
-COMMAND_DIR is the path "$HOME/git-shell-commands". The user must have
-read and execute permissions to the directory in order to execute the
-programs in it. The programs are executed with a cwd of $HOME, and
-<argument> is parsed as a command-line string.
+'git shell' accepts the following commands after the '-c' option:
+
+'git receive-pack <argument>'::
+'git upload-pack <argument>'::
+'git upload-archive <argument>'::
+	Call the corresponding server-side command to support
+	the client's 'git push', 'git fetch', or 'git archive --remote'
+	request.
+'cvs server'::
+	Imitate a CVS server.  See linkgit:git-cvsserver[1].
+
+If a `~/git-shell-commands` directory is present, 'git shell' will
+also handle other, custom commands by running
+"`git-shell-commands/<command> <arguments>`" from the user's home
+directory.
+
+INTERACTIVE USE
+---------------
+
+By default, the commands above can be executed only with the '-c'
+option; the shell is not interactive.
+
+If a `~/git-shell-commands` directory is present, 'git shell'
+can also be run interactively (with no arguments).  If a `help`
+command is present in the `git-shell-commands` directory, it is
+run to provide the user with an overview of allowed actions.  Then a
+"git> " prompt is presented at which one can enter any of the
+commands from the `git-shell-commands` directory, or `exit` to close
+the connection.
+
+Generally this mode is used as an administrative interface to allow
+users to list repositories they have access to, create, delete, or
+rename repositories, or change repository descriptions and
+permissions.
+
+If a `no-interactive-login` command exists, then it is run and the
+interactive shell is aborted.
+
+EXAMPLE
+-------
+
+To disable interactive logins, displaying a greeting instead:
++
+----------------
+$ chsh -s /usr/bin/git-shell
+$ mkdir $HOME/git-shell-commands
+$ cat >$HOME/git-shell-commands/no-interactive-login <<\EOF
+#!/bin/sh
+printf '%s\n' "Hi $USER! You've successfully authenticated, but I do not"
+printf '%s\n' "provide interactive shell access."
+exit 128
+EOF
+$ chmod +x $HOME/git-shell-commands/no-interactive-login
+----------------
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+ssh(1),
+linkgit:git-daemon[1],
+contrib/git-shell-commands/README
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-shortlog.txt b/Documentation/git-shortlog.txt
index 01d8417..31af7f2 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-shortlog.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-shortlog.txt
@@ -8,14 +8,13 @@
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-git log --pretty=short | 'git shortlog' [-h] [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w]
-'git shortlog' [-n|--numbered] [-s|--summary] [-e|--email] [-w[<width>[,<indent1>[,<indent2>]]]] <commit>...
+git log --pretty=short | 'git shortlog' [<options>]
+'git shortlog' [<options>] [<revision range>] [[\--] <path>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 Summarizes 'git log' output in a format suitable for inclusion
-in release announcements. Each commit will be grouped by author and
-the first line of the commit message will be shown.
+in release announcements. Each commit will be grouped by author and title.
 
 Additionally, "[PATCH]" will be stripped from the commit description.
 
@@ -27,10 +26,6 @@
 OPTIONS
 -------
 
--h::
---help::
-	Print a short usage message and exit.
-
 -n::
 --numbered::
 	Sort output according to the number of commits per author instead
@@ -57,7 +52,25 @@
 	line of each entry is indented by `indent1` spaces, and the second
 	and subsequent lines are indented by `indent2` spaces. `width`,
 	`indent1`, and `indent2` default to 76, 6 and 9 respectively.
++
+If width is `0` (zero) then indent the lines of the output without wrapping
+them.
 
+<revision range>::
+	Show only commits in the specified revision range.  When no
+	<revision range> is specified, it defaults to `HEAD` (i.e. the
+	whole history leading to the current commit).  `origin..HEAD`
+	specifies all the commits reachable from the current commit
+	(i.e. `HEAD`), but not from `origin`. For a complete list of
+	ways to spell <revision range>, see the "Specifying Ranges"
+	section of linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
+
+[\--] <path>...::
+	Consider only commits that are enough to explain how the files
+	that match the specified paths came to be.
++
+Paths may need to be prefixed with "\-- " to separate them from
+options or the revision range, when confusion arises.
 
 MAPPING AUTHORS
 ---------------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-show-branch.txt b/Documentation/git-show-branch.txt
index a8e77b5..a515648 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-show-branch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-show-branch.txt
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 OPTIONS
 -------
 <rev>::
-	Arbitrary extended SHA1 expression (see linkgit:gitrevisions[7])
+	Arbitrary extended SHA-1 expression (see linkgit:gitrevisions[7])
 	that typically names a branch head or a tag.
 
 <glob>::
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@
 branch, the I-th indentation character shows a `+` sign;
 otherwise it shows a space.  Merge commits are denoted by
 a `-` sign.  Each commit shows a short name that
-can be used as an extended SHA1 to name that commit.
+can be used as an extended SHA-1 to name that commit.
 
 The following example shows three branches, "master", "fixes"
 and "mhf":
diff --git a/Documentation/git-show-index.txt b/Documentation/git-show-index.txt
index 2dcbbb2..fbdc8ad 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-show-index.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-show-index.txt
@@ -14,12 +14,12 @@
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Reads given idx file for packed git archive created with
+Reads given idx file for packed Git archive created with
 'git pack-objects' command, and dumps its contents.
 
 The information it outputs is subset of what you can get from
 'git verify-pack -v'; this command only shows the packfile
-offset and SHA1 of each object.
+offset and SHA-1 of each object.
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-show-ref.txt b/Documentation/git-show-ref.txt
index 5dbcd47..de4d352 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-show-ref.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-show-ref.txt
@@ -50,8 +50,8 @@
 -s::
 --hash[=<n>]::
 
-	Only show the SHA1 hash, not the reference name. When combined with
-	--dereference the dereferenced tag will still be shown after the SHA1.
+	Only show the SHA-1 hash, not the reference name. When combined with
+	--dereference the dereferenced tag will still be shown after the SHA-1.
 
 --verify::
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-stash.txt b/Documentation/git-stash.txt
index 0aa4e20..711ffe1 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-stash.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-stash.txt
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@
 
 	Remove a single stashed state from the stash list. When no `<stash>`
 	is given, it removes the latest one. i.e. `stash@{0}`, otherwise
-	`<stash>` must a valid stash log reference of the form
+	`<stash>` must be a valid stash log reference of the form
 	`stash@{<revision>}`.
 
 create::
diff --git a/Documentation/git-status.txt b/Documentation/git-status.txt
index 67e5f53..9046df9 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-status.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-status.txt
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 Displays paths that have differences between the index file and the
 current HEAD commit, paths that have differences between the working
 tree and the index file, and paths in the working tree that are not
-tracked by git (and are not ignored by linkgit:gitignore[5]). The first
+tracked by Git (and are not ignored by linkgit:gitignore[5]). The first
 are what you _would_ commit by running `git commit`; the second and
 third are what you _could_ commit by running 'git add' before running
 `git commit`.
@@ -35,23 +35,32 @@
 --porcelain::
 	Give the output in an easy-to-parse format for scripts.
 	This is similar to the short output, but will remain stable
-	across git versions and regardless of user configuration. See
+	across Git versions and regardless of user configuration. See
 	below for details.
 
+--long::
+	Give the output in the long-format. This is the default.
+
 -u[<mode>]::
 --untracked-files[=<mode>]::
 	Show untracked files.
 +
 The mode parameter is optional (defaults to 'all'), and is used to
-specify the handling of untracked files; when -u is not used, the
-default is 'normal', i.e. show untracked files and directories.
+specify the handling of untracked files.
 +
 The possible options are:
 +
-	- 'no'     - Show no untracked files
-	- 'normal' - Shows untracked files and directories
+	- 'no'     - Show no untracked files.
+	- 'normal' - Shows untracked files and directories.
 	- 'all'    - Also shows individual files in untracked directories.
 +
+When `-u` option is not used, untracked files and directories are
+shown (i.e. the same as specifying `normal`), to help you avoid
+forgetting to add newly created files.  Because it takes extra work
+to find untracked files in the filesystem, this mode may take some
+time in a large working tree.  You can use `no` to have `git status`
+return more quickly without showing untracked files.
++
 The default can be changed using the status.showUntrackedFiles
 configuration variable documented in linkgit:git-config[1].
 
@@ -93,7 +102,7 @@
 verbose and descriptive.  Its contents and format are subject to change
 at any time.
 
-The paths mentioned in the output, unlike many other git commands, are
+The paths mentioned in the output, unlike many other Git commands, are
 made relative to the current directory if you are working in a
 subdirectory (this is on purpose, to help cutting and pasting). See
 the status.relativePaths config option below.
@@ -165,7 +174,7 @@
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 The porcelain format is similar to the short format, but is guaranteed
-not to change in a backwards-incompatible way between git versions or
+not to change in a backwards-incompatible way between Git versions or
 based on user configuration. This makes it ideal for parsing by scripts.
 The description of the short format above also describes the porcelain
 format, with a few exceptions:
diff --git a/Documentation/git-stripspace.txt b/Documentation/git-stripspace.txt
index a80d946..c87bfcb 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-stripspace.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-stripspace.txt
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-Clean the input in the manner used by 'git' for text such as commit
+Clean the input in the manner used by Git for text such as commit
 messages, notes, tags and branch descriptions.
 
 With no arguments, this will:
@@ -35,7 +35,13 @@
 -------
 -s::
 --strip-comments::
-	Skip and remove all lines starting with '#'.
+	Skip and remove all lines starting with comment character (default '#').
+
+-c::
+--comment-lines::
+	Prepend comment character and blank to each line. Lines will automatically
+	be terminated with a newline. On empty lines, only the comment character
+	will be prepended.
 
 EXAMPLES
 --------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-submodule.txt b/Documentation/git-submodule.txt
index 9e488c0..e576713 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-submodule.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-submodule.txt
@@ -9,12 +9,14 @@
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git submodule' [--quiet] add [-b branch] [-f|--force]
+'git submodule' [--quiet] add [-b <branch>] [-f|--force] [--name <name>]
 	      [--reference <repository>] [--] <repository> [<path>]
 'git submodule' [--quiet] status [--cached] [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]
 'git submodule' [--quiet] init [--] [<path>...]
-'git submodule' [--quiet] update [--init] [-N|--no-fetch] [--rebase]
-	      [--reference <repository>] [--merge] [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]
+'git submodule' [--quiet] deinit [-f|--force] [--] <path>...
+'git submodule' [--quiet] update [--init] [--remote] [-N|--no-fetch]
+	      [-f|--force] [--rebase] [--reference <repository>]
+	      [--merge] [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]
 'git submodule' [--quiet] summary [--cached|--files] [(-n|--summary-limit) <n>]
 	      [commit] [--] [<path>...]
 'git submodule' [--quiet] foreach [--recursive] <command>
@@ -75,6 +77,8 @@
 to exist in the superproject. If <path> is not given, the
 "humanish" part of the source repository is used ("repo" for
 "/path/to/repo.git" and "foo" for "host.xz:foo/.git").
+The <path> is also used as the submodule's logical name in its
+configuration entries unless `--name` is used to specify a logical name.
 +
 <repository> is the URL of the new submodule's origin repository.
 This may be either an absolute URL, or (if it begins with ./
@@ -91,7 +95,7 @@
 <path> is the relative location for the cloned submodule to
 exist in the superproject. If <path> does not exist, then the
 submodule is created by cloning from the named URL. If <path> does
-exist and is already a valid git repository, then this is added
+exist and is already a valid Git repository, then this is added
 to the changeset without cloning. This second form is provided
 to ease creating a new submodule from scratch, and presumes
 the user will later push the submodule to the given URL.
@@ -112,7 +116,6 @@
 	initialized, `+` if the currently checked out submodule commit
 	does not match the SHA-1 found in the index of the containing
 	repository and `U` if the submodule has merge conflicts.
-	This command is the default command for 'git submodule'.
 +
 If `--recursive` is specified, this command will recurse into nested
 submodules, and show their status as well.
@@ -123,8 +126,10 @@
 too (and can also report changes to a submodule's work tree).
 
 init::
-	Initialize the submodules, i.e. register each submodule name
-	and url found in .gitmodules into .git/config.
+	Initialize the submodules recorded in the index (which were
+	added and committed elsewhere) by copying submodule
+	names and urls from .gitmodules to .git/config.
+	Optional <path> arguments limit which submodules will be initialized.
 	It will also copy the value of `submodule.$name.update` into
 	.git/config.
 	The key used in .git/config is `submodule.$name.url`.
@@ -135,12 +140,25 @@
 	the explicit 'init' step if you do not intend to customize
 	any submodule locations.
 
+deinit::
+	Unregister the given submodules, i.e. remove the whole
+	`submodule.$name` section from .git/config together with their work
+	tree. Further calls to `git submodule update`, `git submodule foreach`
+	and `git submodule sync` will skip any unregistered submodules until
+	they are initialized again, so use this command if you don't want to
+	have a local checkout of the submodule in your work tree anymore. If
+	you really want to remove a submodule from the repository and commit
+	that use linkgit:git-rm[1] instead.
++
+If `--force` is specified, the submodule's work tree will be removed even if
+it contains local modifications.
+
 update::
 	Update the registered submodules, i.e. clone missing submodules and
 	checkout the commit specified in the index of the containing repository.
 	This will make the submodules HEAD be detached unless `--rebase` or
 	`--merge` is specified or the key `submodule.$name.update` is set to
-	`rebase`, `merge` or `none`. `none` can be overriden by specifying
+	`rebase`, `merge` or `none`. `none` can be overridden by specifying
 	`--checkout`.
 +
 If the submodule is not yet initialized, and you just want to use the
@@ -149,6 +167,11 @@
 +
 If `--recursive` is specified, this command will recurse into the
 registered submodules, and update any nested submodules within.
++
+If `--force` is specified, the submodule will be checked out (using
+`git checkout --force` if appropriate), even if the commit specified in the
+index of the containing repository already matches the commit checked out in
+the submodule.
 
 summary::
 	Show commit summary between the given commit (defaults to HEAD) and
@@ -204,13 +227,19 @@
 -b::
 --branch::
 	Branch of repository to add as submodule.
+	The name of the branch is recorded as `submodule.<path>.branch` in
+	`.gitmodules` for `update --remote`.
 
 -f::
 --force::
-	This option is only valid for add and update commands.
+	This option is only valid for add, deinit and update commands.
 	When running add, allow adding an otherwise ignored submodule path.
+	When running deinit the submodule work trees will be removed even if
+	they contain local changes.
 	When running update, throw away local changes in submodules when
-	switching to a different commit.
+	switching to a different commit; and always run a checkout operation
+	in the submodule, even if the commit listed in the index of the
+	containing repository matches the commit checked out in the submodule.
 
 --cached::
 	This option is only valid for status and summary commands.  These
@@ -230,6 +259,27 @@
 	(the default). This limit only applies to modified submodules. The
 	size is always limited to 1 for added/deleted/typechanged submodules.
 
+--remote::
+	This option is only valid for the update command.  Instead of using
+	the superproject's recorded SHA-1 to update the submodule, use the
+	status of the submodule's remote tracking branch.  The remote used
+	is branch's remote (`branch.<name>.remote`), defaulting to `origin`.
+	The remote branch used defaults to `master`, but the branch name may
+	be overridden by setting the `submodule.<name>.branch` option in
+	either `.gitmodules` or `.git/config` (with `.git/config` taking
+	precedence).
++
+This works for any of the supported update procedures (`--checkout`,
+`--rebase`, etc.).  The only change is the source of the target SHA-1.
+For example, `submodule update --remote --merge` will merge upstream
+submodule changes into the submodules, while `submodule update
+--merge` will merge superproject gitlink changes into the submodules.
++
+In order to ensure a current tracking branch state, `update --remote`
+fetches the submodule's remote repository before calculating the
+SHA-1.  If you don't want to fetch, you should use `submodule update
+--remote --no-fetch`.
+
 -N::
 --no-fetch::
 	This option is only valid for the update command.
@@ -259,6 +309,11 @@
 	Initialize all submodules for which "git submodule init" has not been
 	called so far before updating.
 
+--name::
+	This option is only valid for the add command. It sets the submodule's
+	name to the given string instead of defaulting to its path. The name
+	must be valid as a directory name and may not end with a '/'.
+
 --reference <repository>::
 	This option is only valid for add and update commands.  These
 	commands sometimes need to clone a remote repository. In this case,
diff --git a/Documentation/git-svn.txt b/Documentation/git-svn.txt
index cfe8d2b..aad452f 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-svn.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-svn.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-svn - Bidirectional operation between a Subversion repository and git
+git-svn - Bidirectional operation between a Subversion repository and Git
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-'git svn' is a simple conduit for changesets between Subversion and git.
-It provides a bidirectional flow of changes between a Subversion and a git
+'git svn' is a simple conduit for changesets between Subversion and Git.
+It provides a bidirectional flow of changes between a Subversion and a Git
 repository.
 
 'git svn' can track a standard Subversion repository,
@@ -21,15 +21,15 @@
 It can also follow branches and tags in any layout with the -T/-t/-b options
 (see options to 'init' below, and also the 'clone' command).
 
-Once tracking a Subversion repository (with any of the above methods), the git
+Once tracking a Subversion repository (with any of the above methods), the Git
 repository can be updated from Subversion by the 'fetch' command and
-Subversion updated from git by the 'dcommit' command.
+Subversion updated from Git by the 'dcommit' command.
 
 COMMANDS
 --------
 
 'init'::
-	Initializes an empty git repository with additional
+	Initializes an empty Git repository with additional
 	metadata directories for 'git svn'.  The Subversion URL
 	may be specified as a command-line argument, or as full
 	URL arguments to -T/-t/-b.  Optionally, the target
@@ -85,6 +85,10 @@
 	When passed to 'init' or 'clone' this regular expression will
 	be preserved as a config key.  See 'fetch' for a description
 	of '--ignore-paths'.
+--include-paths=<regex>;;
+	When passed to 'init' or 'clone' this regular expression will
+	be preserved as a config key.  See 'fetch' for a description
+	of '--include-paths'.
 --no-minimize-url;;
 	When tracking multiple directories (using --stdlayout,
 	--branches, or --tags options), git svn will attempt to connect
@@ -146,6 +150,21 @@
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 --
 
+--include-paths=<regex>;;
+	This allows one to specify a Perl regular expression that will
+	cause the inclusion of only matching paths from checkout from SVN.
+	The '--include-paths' option should match for every 'fetch'
+	(including automatic fetches due to 'clone', 'dcommit',
+	'rebase', etc) on a given repository. '--ignore-paths' takes
+	precedence over '--include-paths'.
+
+--log-window-size=<n>;;
+    Fetch <n> log entries per request when scanning Subversion history.
+    The default is 100. For very large Subversion repositories, larger
+    values may be needed for 'clone'/'fetch' to complete in reasonable
+    time. But overly large values may lead to higher memory usage and
+    request timeouts.
+
 'clone'::
 	Runs 'init' and 'fetch'.  It will automatically create a
 	directory based on the basename of the URL passed to it;
@@ -192,9 +211,9 @@
 	Commit each diff from the current branch directly to the SVN
 	repository, and then rebase or reset (depending on whether or
 	not there is a diff between SVN and head).  This will create
-	a revision in SVN for each commit in git.
+	a revision in SVN for each commit in Git.
 +
-When an optional git branch name (or a git commit object name)
+When an optional Git branch name (or a Git commit object name)
 is specified as an argument, the subcommand works on the specified
 branch, not on the current branch.
 +
@@ -238,7 +257,7 @@
 	patch), "all" (accept all patches), or "quit".
 	+
 	'git svn dcommit' returns immediately if answer if "no" or "quit", without
-	commiting anything to SVN.
+	committing anything to SVN.
 
 'branch'::
 	Create a branch in the SVN repository.
@@ -252,13 +271,15 @@
 	Create a tag by using the tags_subdir instead of the branches_subdir
 	specified during git svn init.
 
--d;;
---destination;;
+-d<path>;;
+--destination=<path>;;
+
 	If more than one --branches (or --tags) option was given to the 'init'
 	or 'clone' command, you must provide the location of the branch (or
-	tag) you wish to create in the SVN repository.  The value of this
-	option must match one of the paths specified by a --branches (or
-	--tags) option.  You can see these paths with the commands
+	tag) you wish to create in the SVN repository.  <path> specifies which
+	path to use to create the branch or tag and should match the pattern
+	on the left-hand side of one of the configured branches or tags
+	refspecs.  You can see these refspecs with the commands
 +
 	git config --get-all svn-remote.<name>.branches
 	git config --get-all svn-remote.<name>.tags
@@ -279,6 +300,11 @@
 	git config --get-all svn-remote.<name>.commiturl
 +
 
+--parents;;
+	Create parent folders. This parameter is equivalent to the parameter
+	--parents on svn cp commands and is useful for non-standard repository
+	layouts.
+
 'tag'::
 	Create a tag in the SVN repository. This is a shorthand for
 	'branch -t'.
@@ -309,7 +335,7 @@
 +
 --
 --show-commit;;
-	shows the git commit sha1, as well
+	shows the Git commit sha1, as well
 --oneline;;
 	our version of --pretty=oneline
 --
@@ -330,15 +356,25 @@
 +
 --git-format;;
 	Produce output in the same format as 'git blame', but with
-	SVN revision numbers instead of git commit hashes. In this mode,
+	SVN revision numbers instead of Git commit hashes. In this mode,
 	changes that haven't been committed to SVN (including local
 	working-copy edits) are shown as revision 0.
 
 'find-rev'::
 	When given an SVN revision number of the form 'rN', returns the
-	corresponding git commit hash (this can optionally be followed by a
+	corresponding Git commit hash (this can optionally be followed by a
 	tree-ish to specify which branch should be searched).  When given a
 	tree-ish, returns the corresponding SVN revision number.
++
+--before;;
+	Don't require an exact match if given an SVN revision, instead find
+	the commit corresponding to the state of the SVN repository (on the
+	current branch) at the specified revision.
++
+--after;;
+	Don't require an exact match if given an SVN revision; if there is
+	not an exact match return the closest match searching forward in the
+	history.
 
 'set-tree'::
 	You should consider using 'dcommit' instead of this command.
@@ -361,7 +397,7 @@
 	the $GIT_DIR/info/exclude file.
 
 'mkdirs'::
-	Attempts to recreate empty directories that core git cannot track
+	Attempts to recreate empty directories that core Git cannot track
 	based on information in $GIT_DIR/svn/<refname>/unhandled.log files.
 	Empty directories are automatically recreated when using
 	"git svn clone" and "git svn rebase", so "mkdirs" is intended
@@ -493,9 +529,9 @@
 +
 Remove directories from the SVN tree if there are no files left
 behind.  SVN can version empty directories, and they are not
-removed by default if there are no files left in them.  git
+removed by default if there are no files left in them.  Git
 cannot version empty directories.  Enabling this flag will make
-the commit to SVN act like git.
+the commit to SVN act like Git.
 +
 [verse]
 config key: svn.rmdir
@@ -582,7 +618,7 @@
 	This can be used with the 'dcommit', 'rebase', 'branch' and
 	'tag' commands.
 +
-For 'dcommit', print out the series of git arguments that would show
+For 'dcommit', print out the series of Git arguments that would show
 which diffs would be committed to SVN.
 +
 For 'rebase', display the local branch associated with the upstream svn
@@ -593,14 +629,14 @@
 creating the branch or tag.
 
 --use-log-author::
-	When retrieving svn commits into git (as part of 'fetch', 'rebase', or
+	When retrieving svn commits into Git (as part of 'fetch', 'rebase', or
 	'dcommit' operations), look for the first `From:` or `Signed-off-by:` line
 	in the log message and use that as the author string.
 --add-author-from::
-	When committing to svn from git (as part of 'commit-diff', 'set-tree' or 'dcommit'
+	When committing to svn from Git (as part of 'commit-diff', 'set-tree' or 'dcommit'
 	operations), if the existing log message doesn't already have a
 	`From:` or `Signed-off-by:` line, append a `From:` line based on the
-	git commit's author string.  If you use this, then `--use-log-author`
+	Git commit's author string.  If you use this, then `--use-log-author`
 	will retrieve a valid author string for all commits.
 
 
@@ -621,10 +657,19 @@
 	Default: "svn"
 
 --follow-parent::
+	This option is only relevant if we are tracking branches (using
+	one of the repository layout options --trunk, --tags,
+	--branches, --stdlayout). For each tracked branch, try to find
+	out where its revision was copied from, and set
+	a suitable parent in the first Git commit for the branch.
 	This is especially helpful when we're tracking a directory
-	that has been moved around within the repository, or if we
-	started tracking a branch and never tracked the trunk it was
-	descended from. This feature is enabled by default, use
+	that has been moved around within the repository.  If this
+	feature is disabled, the branches created by 'git svn' will all
+	be linear and not share any history, meaning that there will be
+	no information on where branches were branched off or merged.
+	However, following long/convoluted histories can take a long
+	time, so disabling this feature may speed up the cloning
+	process. This feature is enabled by default, use
 	--no-follow-parent to disable it.
 +
 [verse]
@@ -648,7 +693,7 @@
 +
 This option is NOT recommended as it makes it difficult to track down
 old references to SVN revision numbers in existing documentation, bug
-reports and archives.  If you plan to eventually migrate from SVN to git
+reports and archives.  If you plan to eventually migrate from SVN to Git
 and are certain about dropping SVN history, consider
 linkgit:git-filter-branch[1] instead.  filter-branch also allows
 reformatting of metadata for ease-of-reading and rewriting authorship
@@ -688,7 +733,7 @@
 
 svn-remote.<name>.pushurl::
 
-	Similar to git's 'remote.<name>.pushurl', this key is designed
+	Similar to Git's 'remote.<name>.pushurl', this key is designed
 	to be used in cases where 'url' points to an SVN repository
 	via a read-only transport, to provide an alternate read/write
 	transport. It is assumed that both keys point to the same
@@ -732,7 +777,8 @@
 BASIC EXAMPLES
 --------------
 
-Tracking and contributing to the trunk of a Subversion-managed project:
+Tracking and contributing to the trunk of a Subversion-managed project
+(ignoring tags and branches):
 
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Clone a repo (like git clone):
@@ -741,15 +787,15 @@
 	cd trunk
 # You should be on master branch, double-check with 'git branch'
 	git branch
-# Do some work and commit locally to git:
+# Do some work and commit locally to Git:
 	git commit ...
 # Something is committed to SVN, rebase your local changes against the
 # latest changes in SVN:
 	git svn rebase
-# Now commit your changes (that were committed previously using git) to SVN,
+# Now commit your changes (that were committed previously using Git) to SVN,
 # as well as automatically updating your working HEAD:
 	git svn dcommit
-# Append svn:ignore settings to the default git exclude file:
+# Append svn:ignore settings to the default Git exclude file:
 	git svn show-ignore >> .git/info/exclude
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -757,8 +803,10 @@
 (complete with a trunk, tags and branches):
 
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Clone a repo (like git clone):
-	git svn clone http://svn.example.com/project -T trunk -b branches -t tags
+# Clone a repo with standard SVN directory layout (like git clone):
+	git svn clone http://svn.example.com/project --stdlayout
+# Or, if the repo uses a non-standard directory layout:
+	git svn clone http://svn.example.com/project -T tr -b branch -t tag
 # View all branches and tags you have cloned:
 	git branch -r
 # Create a new branch in SVN
@@ -787,7 +835,7 @@
 	git remote add origin server:/pub/project
 	git config --replace-all remote.origin.fetch '+refs/remotes/*:refs/remotes/*'
 	git fetch
-# Prevent fetch/pull from remote git server in the future,
+# Prevent fetch/pull from remote Git server in the future,
 # we only want to use git svn for future updates
 	git config --remove-section remote.origin
 # Create a local branch from one of the branches just fetched
@@ -820,22 +868,68 @@
 copy history (including branches and tags) for repositories adopting a
 standard layout, it cannot yet represent merge history that happened
 inside git back upstream to SVN users.  Therefore it is advised that
-users keep history as linear as possible inside git to ease
+users keep history as linear as possible inside Git to ease
 compatibility with SVN (see the CAVEATS section below).
 
+HANDLING OF SVN BRANCHES
+------------------------
+If 'git svn' is configured to fetch branches (and --follow-branches
+is in effect), it sometimes creates multiple Git branches for one
+SVN branch, where the additional branches have names of the form
+'branchname@nnn' (with nnn an SVN revision number).  These additional
+branches are created if 'git svn' cannot find a parent commit for the
+first commit in an SVN branch, to connect the branch to the history of
+the other branches.
+
+Normally, the first commit in an SVN branch consists
+of a copy operation. 'git svn' will read this commit to get the SVN
+revision the branch was created from. It will then try to find the
+Git commit that corresponds to this SVN revision, and use that as the
+parent of the branch. However, it is possible that there is no suitable
+Git commit to serve as parent.  This will happen, among other reasons,
+if the SVN branch is a copy of a revision that was not fetched by 'git
+svn' (e.g. because it is an old revision that was skipped with
+'--revision'), or if in SVN a directory was copied that is not tracked
+by 'git svn' (such as a branch that is not tracked at all, or a
+subdirectory of a tracked branch). In these cases, 'git svn' will still
+create a Git branch, but instead of using an existing Git commit as the
+parent of the branch, it will read the SVN history of the directory the
+branch was copied from and create appropriate Git commits.  This is
+indicated by the message "Initializing parent: <branchname>".
+
+Additionally, it will create a special branch named
+'<branchname>@<SVN-Revision>', where <SVN-Revision> is the SVN revision
+number the branch was copied from.  This branch will point to the newly
+created parent commit of the branch.  If in SVN the branch was deleted
+and later recreated from a different version, there will be multiple
+such branches with an '@'.
+
+Note that this may mean that multiple Git commits are created for a
+single SVN revision.
+
+An example: in an SVN repository with a standard
+trunk/tags/branches layout, a directory trunk/sub is created in r.100.
+In r.200, trunk/sub is branched by copying it to branches/. 'git svn
+clone -s' will then create a branch 'sub'. It will also create new Git
+commits for r.100 through r.199 and use these as the history of branch
+'sub'. Thus there will be two Git commits for each revision from r.100
+to r.199 (one containing trunk/, one containing trunk/sub/). Finally,
+it will create a branch 'sub@200' pointing to the new parent commit of
+branch 'sub' (i.e. the commit for r.200 and trunk/sub/).
+
 CAVEATS
 -------
 
 For the sake of simplicity and interoperating with Subversion,
 it is recommended that all 'git svn' users clone, fetch and dcommit
 directly from the SVN server, and avoid all 'git clone'/'pull'/'merge'/'push'
-operations between git repositories and branches.  The recommended
-method of exchanging code between git branches and users is
+operations between Git repositories and branches.  The recommended
+method of exchanging code between Git branches and users is
 'git format-patch' and 'git am', or just 'dcommit'ing to the SVN repository.
 
 Running 'git merge' or 'git pull' is NOT recommended on a branch you
 plan to 'dcommit' from because Subversion users cannot see any
-merges you've made.  Furthermore, if you merge or pull from a git branch
+merges you've made.  Furthermore, if you merge or pull from a Git branch
 that is a mirror of an SVN branch, 'dcommit' may commit to the wrong
 branch.
 
@@ -854,7 +948,7 @@
 using 'git svn' should use 'rsync' for cloning, if cloning is to be done
 at all.
 
-Since 'dcommit' uses rebase internally, any git branches you 'git push' to
+Since 'dcommit' uses rebase internally, any Git branches you 'git push' to
 before 'dcommit' on will require forcing an overwrite of the existing ref
 on the remote repository.  This is generally considered bad practice,
 see the linkgit:git-push[1] documentation for details.
@@ -864,10 +958,25 @@
 you've already pushed to a remote repository for other users, and
 dcommit with SVN is analogous to that.
 
+When cloning an SVN repository, if none of the options for describing
+the repository layout is used (--trunk, --tags, --branches,
+--stdlayout), 'git svn clone' will create a Git repository with
+completely linear history, where branches and tags appear as separate
+directories in the working copy.  While this is the easiest way to get a
+copy of a complete repository, for projects with many branches it will
+lead to a working copy many times larger than just the trunk. Thus for
+projects using the standard directory structure (trunk/branches/tags),
+it is recommended to clone with option '--stdlayout'. If the project
+uses a non-standard structure, and/or if branches and tags are not
+required, it is easiest to only clone one directory (typically trunk),
+without giving any repository layout options.  If the full history with
+branches and tags is required, the options '--trunk' / '--branches' /
+'--tags' must be used.
+
 When using multiple --branches or --tags, 'git svn' does not automatically
 handle name collisions (for example, if two branches from different paths have
 the same name, or if a branch and a tag have the same name).  In these cases,
-use 'init' to set up your git repository then, before your first 'fetch', edit
+use 'init' to set up your Git repository then, before your first 'fetch', edit
 the .git/config file so that the branches and tags are associated with
 different name spaces.  For example:
 
@@ -880,18 +989,24 @@
 We ignore all SVN properties except svn:executable.  Any unhandled
 properties are logged to $GIT_DIR/svn/<refname>/unhandled.log
 
-Renamed and copied directories are not detected by git and hence not
+Renamed and copied directories are not detected by Git and hence not
 tracked when committing to SVN.  I do not plan on adding support for
 this as it's quite difficult and time-consuming to get working for all
-the possible corner cases (git doesn't do it, either).  Committing
+the possible corner cases (Git doesn't do it, either).  Committing
 renamed and copied files is fully supported if they're similar enough
-for git to detect them.
+for Git to detect them.
+
+In SVN, it is possible (though discouraged) to commit changes to a tag
+(because a tag is just a directory copy, thus technically the same as a
+branch). When cloning an SVN repository, 'git svn' cannot know if such a
+commit to a tag will happen in the future. Thus it acts conservatively
+and imports all SVN tags as branches, prefixing the tag name with 'tags/'.
 
 CONFIGURATION
 -------------
 
 'git svn' stores [svn-remote] configuration information in the
-repository .git/config file.  It is similar the core git
+repository .git/config file.  It is similar the core Git
 [remote] sections except 'fetch' keys do not accept glob
 arguments; but they are instead handled by the 'branches'
 and 'tags' keys.  Since some SVN repositories are oddly
@@ -924,6 +1039,25 @@
 	tags = tags/{1.0,2.0}/src:refs/remotes/tags/*
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+Multiple fetch, branches, and tags keys are supported:
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+[svn-remote "messy-repo"]
+	url = http://server.org/svn
+	fetch = trunk/project-a:refs/remotes/project-a/trunk
+	fetch = branches/demos/june-project-a-demo:refs/remotes/project-a/demos/june-demo
+	branches = branches/server/*:refs/remotes/project-a/branches/*
+	branches = branches/demos/2011/*:refs/remotes/project-a/2011-demos/*
+	tags = tags/server/*:refs/remotes/project-a/tags/*
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Creating a branch in such a configuration requires disambiguating which
+location to use using the -d or --destination flag:
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+$ git svn branch -d branches/server release-2-3-0
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 Note that git-svn keeps track of the highest revision in which a branch
 or tag has appeared. If the subset of branches or tags is changed after
 fetching, then .git/svn/.metadata must be manually edited to remove (or
diff --git a/Documentation/git-symbolic-ref.txt b/Documentation/git-symbolic-ref.txt
index 981d3a8..ef68ad2 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-symbolic-ref.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-symbolic-ref.txt
@@ -3,13 +3,14 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-symbolic-ref - Read and modify symbolic refs
+git-symbolic-ref - Read, modify and delete symbolic refs
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
 'git symbolic-ref' [-m <reason>] <name> <ref>
 'git symbolic-ref' [-q] [--short] <name>
+'git symbolic-ref' --delete [-q] <name>
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -21,6 +22,9 @@
 Given two arguments, creates or updates a symbolic ref <name> to
 point at the given branch <ref>.
 
+Given `--delete` and an additional argument, deletes the given
+symbolic ref.
+
 A symbolic ref is a regular file that stores a string that
 begins with `ref: refs/`.  For example, your `.git/HEAD` is
 a regular file whose contents is `ref: refs/heads/master`.
@@ -28,6 +32,10 @@
 OPTIONS
 -------
 
+-d::
+--delete::
+	Delete the symbolic ref <name>.
+
 -q::
 --quiet::
 	Do not issue an error message if the <name> is not a
diff --git a/Documentation/git-tag.txt b/Documentation/git-tag.txt
index e36a7c3..22894cb 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-tag.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-tag.txt
@@ -20,11 +20,10 @@
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-Add a tag reference in `.git/refs/tags/`, unless `-d/-l/-v` is given
+Add a tag reference in `refs/tags/`, unless `-d/-l/-v` is given
 to delete, list or verify tags.
 
-Unless `-f` is given, the tag to be created must not yet exist in the
-`.git/refs/tags/` directory.
+Unless `-f` is given, the named tag must not yet exist.
 
 If one of `-a`, `-s`, or `-u <key-id>` is passed, the command
 creates a 'tag' object, and requires a tag message.  Unless
@@ -34,7 +33,7 @@
 If `-m <msg>` or `-F <file>` is given and `-a`, `-s`, and `-u <key-id>`
 are absent, `-a` is implied.
 
-Otherwise just a tag reference for the SHA1 object name of the commit object is
+Otherwise just a tag reference for the SHA-1 object name of the commit object is
 created (i.e. a lightweight tag).
 
 A GnuPG signed tag object will be created when `-s` or `-u
@@ -127,10 +126,16 @@
 	linkgit:git-check-ref-format[1].  Some of these checks
 	may restrict the characters allowed in a tag name.
 
+<commit>::
+<object>::
+	The object that the new tag will refer to, usually a commit.
+	Defaults to HEAD.
+
+
 CONFIGURATION
 -------------
 By default, 'git tag' in sign-with-default mode (-s) will use your
-committer identity (of the form "Your Name <your@email.address>") to
+committer identity (of the form "Your Name <\your@email.address>") to
 find a key.  If you want to use a different default key, you can specify
 it in the repository configuration as follows:
 
@@ -243,7 +248,7 @@
 In such a case, you do not want to automatically follow the other
 person's tags.
 
-One important aspect of git is its distributed nature, which
+One important aspect of Git is its distributed nature, which
 largely means there is no inherent "upstream" or
 "downstream" in the system.  On the face of it, the above
 example might seem to indicate that the tag namespace is owned
diff --git a/Documentation/git-tools.txt b/Documentation/git-tools.txt
index a96403c..78a0d95 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-tools.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-tools.txt
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-A short git tools survey
+A short Git tools survey
 ========================
 
 
 Introduction
 ------------
 
-Apart from git contrib/ area there are some others third-party tools
+Apart from Git contrib/ area there are some others third-party tools
 you may want to look.
 
 This document presents a brief summary of each tool and the corresponding
@@ -17,26 +17,26 @@
 
    - *Cogito* (http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/cogito/)
 
-   Cogito is a version control system layered on top of the git tree history
+   Cogito is a version control system layered on top of the Git tree history
    storage system. It aims at seamless user interface and ease of use,
-   providing generally smoother user experience than the "raw" Core GIT
+   providing generally smoother user experience than the "raw" Core Git
    itself and indeed many other version control systems.
 
    Cogito is no longer maintained as most of its functionality
-   is now in core GIT.
+   is now in core Git.
 
 
    - *pg* (http://www.spearce.org/category/projects/scm/pg/)
 
-   pg is a shell script wrapper around GIT to help the user manage a set of
-   patches to files. pg is somewhat like quilt or StGIT, but it does have a
+   pg is a shell script wrapper around Git to help the user manage a set of
+   patches to files. pg is somewhat like quilt or StGit, but it does have a
    slightly different feature set.
 
 
    - *StGit* (http://www.procode.org/stgit/)
 
-   Stacked GIT provides a quilt-like patch management functionality in the
-   GIT environment. You can easily manage your patches in the scope of GIT
+   Stacked Git provides a quilt-like patch management functionality in the
+   Git environment. You can easily manage your patches in the scope of Git
    until they get merged upstream.
 
 
@@ -45,33 +45,33 @@
 
    - *gitk* (shipped with git-core)
 
-   gitk is a simple Tk GUI for browsing history of GIT repositories easily.
+   gitk is a simple Tk GUI for browsing history of Git repositories easily.
 
 
    - *gitview*  (contrib/)
 
-   gitview is a GTK based repository browser for git
+   gitview is a GTK based repository browser for Git
 
 
    - *gitweb* (shipped with git-core)
 
-   GITweb provides full-fledged web interface for GIT repositories.
+   Gitweb provides full-fledged web interface for Git repositories.
 
 
    - *qgit* (http://digilander.libero.it/mcostalba/)
 
-   QGit is a git/StGIT GUI viewer built on Qt/C++. QGit could be used
+   QGit is a git/StGit GUI viewer built on Qt/C++. QGit could be used
    to browse history and directory tree, view annotated files, commit
    changes cherry picking single files or applying patches.
-   Currently it is the fastest and most feature rich among the git
+   Currently it is the fastest and most feature rich among the Git
    viewers and commit tools.
 
    - *tig* (http://jonas.nitro.dk/tig/)
 
-   tig by Jonas Fonseca is a simple git repository browser
+   tig by Jonas Fonseca is a simple Git repository browser
    written using ncurses. Basically, it just acts as a front-end
    for git-log and git-show/git-diff. Additionally, you can also
-   use it as a pager for git commands.
+   use it as a pager for Git commands.
 
 
 Foreign SCM interface
@@ -80,20 +80,20 @@
    - *git-svn* (shipped with git-core)
 
    git-svn is a simple conduit for changesets between a single Subversion
-   branch and git.
+   branch and Git.
 
 
    - *quilt2git / git2quilt* (http://home-tj.org/wiki/index.php/Misc)
 
    These utilities convert patch series in a quilt repository and commit
-   series in git back and forth.
+   series in Git back and forth.
 
 
    - *hg-to-git* (contrib/)
 
-   hg-to-git converts a Mercurial repository into a git one, and
+   hg-to-git converts a Mercurial repository into a Git one, and
    preserves the full branch history in the process. hg-to-git can
-   also be used in an incremental way to keep the git repository
+   also be used in an incremental way to keep the Git repository
    in sync with the master Mercurial repository.
 
 
@@ -102,14 +102,14 @@
 
    - *(h)gct* (http://www.cyd.liu.se/users/~freku045/gct/)
 
-   Commit Tool or (h)gct is a GUI enabled commit tool for git and
+   Commit Tool or (h)gct is a GUI enabled commit tool for Git and
    Mercurial (hg). It allows the user to view diffs, select which files
    to committed (or ignored / reverted) write commit messages and
    perform the commit itself.
 
    - *git.el* (contrib/)
 
-   This is an Emacs interface for git. The user interface is modeled on
+   This is an Emacs interface for Git. The user interface is modelled on
    pcl-cvs. It has been developed on Emacs 21 and will probably need some
    tweaking to work on XEmacs.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-update-index.txt b/Documentation/git-update-index.txt
index 9d0b151..e0a8702 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-update-index.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-update-index.txt
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@
 	     [--refresh] [-q] [--unmerged] [--ignore-missing]
 	     [(--cacheinfo <mode> <object> <file>)...]
 	     [--chmod=(+|-)x]
-	     [--assume-unchanged | --no-assume-unchanged]
-	     [--skip-worktree | --no-skip-worktree]
+	     [--[no-]assume-unchanged]
+	     [--[no-]skip-worktree]
 	     [--ignore-submodules]
 	     [--really-refresh] [--unresolve] [--again | -g]
 	     [--info-only] [--index-info]
@@ -77,15 +77,14 @@
 --chmod=(+|-)x::
         Set the execute permissions on the updated files.
 
---assume-unchanged::
---no-assume-unchanged::
+--[no-]assume-unchanged::
 	When these flags are specified, the object names recorded
 	for the paths are not updated.  Instead, these options
 	set and unset the "assume unchanged" bit for the
-	paths.  When the "assume unchanged" bit is on, git stops
+	paths.  When the "assume unchanged" bit is on, Git stops
 	checking the working tree files for possible
 	modifications, so you need to manually unset the bit to
-	tell git when you change the working tree file. This is
+	tell Git when you change the working tree file. This is
 	sometimes helpful when working with a big project on a
 	filesystem that has very slow lstat(2) system call
 	(e.g. cifs).
@@ -102,8 +101,7 @@
 	Like '--refresh', but checks stat information unconditionally,
 	without regard to the "assume unchanged" setting.
 
---skip-worktree::
---no-skip-worktree::
+--[no-]skip-worktree::
 	When one of these flags is specified, the object name recorded
 	for the paths are not updated. Instead, these options
 	set and unset the "skip-worktree" bit for the paths. See
@@ -145,7 +143,15 @@
 
 --index-version <n>::
 	Write the resulting index out in the named on-disk format version.
-	The current default version is 2.
+	Supported versions are 2, 3 and 4. The current default version is 2
+	or 3, depending on whether extra features are used, such as
+	`git add -N`.
++
+Version 4 performs a simple pathname compression that reduces index
+size by 30%-50% on large repositories, which results in faster load
+time. Version 4 is relatively young (first released in in 1.8.0 in
+October 2012). Other Git implementations such as JGit and libgit2
+may not support it yet.
 
 -z::
 	Only meaningful with `--stdin` or `--index-info`; paths are
@@ -239,7 +245,7 @@
 ------------
 
 The first line of the input feeds 0 as the mode to remove the
-path; the SHA1 does not matter as long as it is well formatted.
+path; the SHA-1 does not matter as long as it is well formatted.
 Then the second and third line feeds stage 1 and stage 2 entries
 for that path.  After the above, we would end up with this:
 
@@ -253,18 +259,18 @@
 Using ``assume unchanged'' bit
 ------------------------------
 
-Many operations in git depend on your filesystem to have an
+Many operations in Git depend on your filesystem to have an
 efficient `lstat(2)` implementation, so that `st_mtime`
 information for working tree files can be cheaply checked to see
 if the file contents have changed from the version recorded in
 the index file.  Unfortunately, some filesystems have
 inefficient `lstat(2)`.  If your filesystem is one of them, you
 can set "assume unchanged" bit to paths you have not changed to
-cause git not to do this check.  Note that setting this bit on a
-path does not mean git will check the contents of the file to
-see if it has changed -- it makes git to omit any checking and
+cause Git not to do this check.  Note that setting this bit on a
+path does not mean Git will check the contents of the file to
+see if it has changed -- it makes Git to omit any checking and
 assume it has *not* changed.  When you make changes to working
-tree files, you have to explicitly tell git about it by dropping
+tree files, you have to explicitly tell Git about it by dropping
 "assume unchanged" bit, either before or after you modify them.
 
 In order to set "assume unchanged" bit, use `--assume-unchanged`
@@ -274,7 +280,7 @@
 
 The command looks at `core.ignorestat` configuration variable.  When
 this is true, paths updated with `git update-index paths...` and
-paths updated with other git commands that update both index and
+paths updated with other Git commands that update both index and
 working tree (e.g. 'git apply --index', 'git checkout-index -u',
 and 'git read-tree -u') are automatically marked as "assume
 unchanged".  Note that "assume unchanged" bit is *not* set if
diff --git a/Documentation/git-update-ref.txt b/Documentation/git-update-ref.txt
index d377a35..0df13ff 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-update-ref.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-update-ref.txt
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
 Where "oldsha1" is the 40 character hexadecimal value previously
 stored in <ref>, "newsha1" is the 40 character hexadecimal value of
 <newvalue> and "committer" is the committer's name, email address
-and date in the standard GIT committer ident format.
+and date in the standard Git committer ident format.
 
 Optionally with -m:
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-upload-archive.txt b/Documentation/git-upload-archive.txt
index 4d52d38..d09bbb5 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-upload-archive.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-upload-archive.txt
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 Invoked by 'git archive --remote' and sends a generated archive to the
-other end over the git protocol.
+other end over the Git protocol.
 
 This command is usually not invoked directly by the end user.  The UI
 for the protocol is on the 'git archive' side, and the program pair
diff --git a/Documentation/git-upload-pack.txt b/Documentation/git-upload-pack.txt
index 71f1608..0abc806 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-upload-pack.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-upload-pack.txt
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 -------
 
 --strict::
-	Do not try <directory>/.git/ if <directory> is no git directory.
+	Do not try <directory>/.git/ if <directory> is no Git directory.
 
 --timeout=<n>::
 	Interrupt transfer after <n> seconds of inactivity.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-var.txt b/Documentation/git-var.txt
index 67edf58..44ff954 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-var.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-var.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-var - Show a git logical variable
+git-var - Show a Git logical variable
 
 
 SYNOPSIS
@@ -13,13 +13,13 @@
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Prints a git logical variable.
+Prints a Git logical variable.
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
 -l::
 	Cause the logical variables to be listed. In addition, all the
-	variables of the git configuration file .git/config are listed
+	variables of the Git configuration file .git/config are listed
 	as well. (However, the configuration variables listing functionality
 	is deprecated in favor of `git config -l`.)
 
@@ -35,10 +35,10 @@
     The author of a piece of code.
 
 GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT::
-    The person who put a piece of code into git.
+    The person who put a piece of code into Git.
 
 GIT_EDITOR::
-    Text editor for use by git commands.  The value is meant to be
+    Text editor for use by Git commands.  The value is meant to be
     interpreted by the shell when it is used.  Examples: `~/bin/vi`,
     `$SOME_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE`, `"C:\Program Files\Vim\gvim.exe"
     --nofork`.  The order of preference is the `$GIT_EDITOR`
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
 endif::git-default-editor[]
 
 GIT_PAGER::
-    Text viewer for use by git commands (e.g., 'less').  The value
+    Text viewer for use by Git commands (e.g., 'less').  The value
     is meant to be interpreted by the shell.  The order of preference
     is the `$GIT_PAGER` environment variable, then `core.pager`
     configuration, then `$PAGER`, and then the default chosen at
diff --git a/Documentation/git-verify-pack.txt b/Documentation/git-verify-pack.txt
index cd23076..526ba7b 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-verify-pack.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-verify-pack.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-verify-pack - Validate packed git archive files
+git-verify-pack - Validate packed Git archive files
 
 
 SYNOPSIS
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Reads given idx file for packed git archive created with the
+Reads given idx file for packed Git archive created with the
 'git pack-objects' command and verifies idx file and the
 corresponding pack file.
 
@@ -40,11 +40,11 @@
 -------------
 When specifying the -v option the format used is:
 
-	SHA1 type size size-in-pack-file offset-in-packfile
+	SHA-1 type size size-in-pack-file offset-in-packfile
 
 for objects that are not deltified in the pack, and
 
-	SHA1 type size size-in-packfile offset-in-packfile depth base-SHA1
+	SHA-1 type size size-in-packfile offset-in-packfile depth base-SHA-1
 
 for objects that are deltified.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-verify-tag.txt b/Documentation/git-verify-tag.txt
index 5ff76e8..f88ba96 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-verify-tag.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-verify-tag.txt
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 	Print the contents of the tag object before validating it.
 
 <tag>...::
-	SHA1 identifiers of git tag objects.
+	SHA-1 identifiers of Git tag objects.
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-web--browse.txt b/Documentation/git-web--browse.txt
index c2bc87b..ba79cb4 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-web--browse.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-web--browse.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-web--browse - git helper script to launch a web browser
+git-web--browse - Git helper script to launch a web browser
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
 
 -c <conf.var>::
 --config=<conf.var>::
-	CONF.VAR is looked up in the git config files. If it's set,
+	CONF.VAR is looked up in the Git config files. If it's set,
 	then its value specifies the browser that should be used.
 
 CONFIGURATION VARIABLES
diff --git a/Documentation/git-whatchanged.txt b/Documentation/git-whatchanged.txt
index 6c8f510..c600b61 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-whatchanged.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-whatchanged.txt
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 OPTIONS
 -------
 -p::
-	Show textual diffs, instead of the git internal diff
+	Show textual diffs, instead of the Git internal diff
 	output format that is useful only to tell the changed
 	paths and their nature of changes.
 
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
 	exclusive, top inclusive).
 
 -r::
-	Show git internal diff output, but for the whole tree,
+	Show Git internal diff output, but for the whole tree,
 	not just the top level.
 
 -m::
diff --git a/Documentation/git.txt b/Documentation/git.txt
index 59ce6ac..8c41881 100644
--- a/Documentation/git.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git.txt
@@ -22,31 +22,80 @@
 and full access to internals.
 
 See linkgit:gittutorial[7] to get started, then see
-link:everyday.html[Everyday Git] for a useful minimum set of commands, and
-"man git-commandname" for documentation of each command.  CVS users may
-also want to read linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7].  See
-the link:user-manual.html[Git User's Manual] for a more in-depth
-introduction.
+link:everyday.html[Everyday Git] for a useful minimum set of
+commands.  The link:user-manual.html[Git User's Manual] has a more
+in-depth introduction.
 
-The '<command>' is either a name of a Git command (see below) or an alias
-as defined in the configuration file (see linkgit:git-config[1]).
+After you mastered the basic concepts, you can come back to this
+page to learn what commands Git offers.  You can learn more about
+individual Git commands with "git help command".  linkgit:gitcli[7]
+manual page gives you an overview of the command line command syntax.
 
-Formatted and hyperlinked version of the latest git
-documentation can be viewed at
-`http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/`.
+Formatted and hyperlinked version of the latest Git documentation
+can be viewed at `http://git-htmldocs.googlecode.com/git/git.html`.
 
 ifdef::stalenotes[]
 [NOTE]
 ============
 
 You are reading the documentation for the latest (possibly
-unreleased) version of git, that is available from 'master'
+unreleased) version of Git, that is available from 'master'
 branch of the `git.git` repository.
 Documentation for older releases are available here:
 
-* link:v1.7.11/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.11]
+* link:v1.8.3.2/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.3.2]
 
 * release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.3.2.txt[1.8.3.2],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.3.1.txt[1.8.3.1],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.3.txt[1.8.3].
+
+* link:v1.8.2.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.2.3]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.2.3.txt[1.8.2.3].
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.2.2.txt[1.8.2.2].
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.2.1.txt[1.8.2.1].
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.2.txt[1.8.2].
+
+* link:v1.8.1.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.1.6]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.1.6.txt[1.8.1.6],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.1.5.txt[1.8.1.5],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.1.4.txt[1.8.1.4],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.1.3.txt[1.8.1.3],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.1.2.txt[1.8.1.2],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.1.1.txt[1.8.1.1],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.1.txt[1.8.1].
+
+* link:v1.8.0.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.0.3]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.0.3.txt[1.8.0.3],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.0.2.txt[1.8.0.2],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.0.1.txt[1.8.0.1],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.0.txt[1.8.0].
+
+* link:v1.7.12.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.12.4]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.12.4.txt[1.7.12.4],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.12.3.txt[1.7.12.3],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.12.2.txt[1.7.12.2],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.12.1.txt[1.7.12.1],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.12.txt[1.7.12].
+
+* link:v1.7.11.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.11.7]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.11.7.txt[1.7.11.7],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.11.6.txt[1.7.11.6],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.11.5.txt[1.7.11.5],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.11.4.txt[1.7.11.4],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.11.3.txt[1.7.11.3],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.11.2.txt[1.7.11.2],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.11.1.txt[1.7.11.1],
   link:RelNotes/1.7.11.txt[1.7.11].
 
 * link:v1.7.10.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.10.5]
@@ -326,12 +375,12 @@
 OPTIONS
 -------
 --version::
-	Prints the git suite version that the 'git' program came from.
+	Prints the Git suite version that the 'git' program came from.
 
 --help::
 	Prints the synopsis and a list of the most commonly used
 	commands. If the option '--all' or '-a' is given then all
-	available commands are printed. If a git command is named this
+	available commands are printed. If a Git command is named this
 	option will bring up the manual page for that command.
 +
 Other options are available to control how the manual page is
@@ -346,22 +395,22 @@
 	'git config' (subkeys separated by dots).
 
 --exec-path[=<path>]::
-	Path to wherever your core git programs are installed.
+	Path to wherever your core Git programs are installed.
 	This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_EXEC_PATH
 	environment variable. If no path is given, 'git' will print
 	the current setting and then exit.
 
 --html-path::
-	Print the path, without trailing slash, where git's HTML
+	Print the path, without trailing slash, where Git's HTML
 	documentation is installed and exit.
 
 --man-path::
 	Print the manpath (see `man(1)`) for the man pages for
-	this version of git and exit.
+	this version of Git and exit.
 
 --info-path::
 	Print the path where the Info files documenting this
-	version of git are installed and exit.
+	version of Git are installed and exit.
 
 -p::
 --paginate::
@@ -371,7 +420,7 @@
 	below).
 
 --no-pager::
-	Do not pipe git output into a pager.
+	Do not pipe Git output into a pager.
 
 --git-dir=<path>::
 	Set the path to the repository. This can also be controlled by
@@ -387,7 +436,7 @@
 	more detailed discussion).
 
 --namespace=<path>::
-	Set the git namespace.  See linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] for more
+	Set the Git namespace.  See linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] for more
 	details.  Equivalent to setting the `GIT_NAMESPACE` environment
 	variable.
 
@@ -397,32 +446,19 @@
 	directory.
 
 --no-replace-objects::
-	Do not use replacement refs to replace git objects. See
+	Do not use replacement refs to replace Git objects. See
 	linkgit:git-replace[1] for more information.
 
+--literal-pathspecs::
+	Treat pathspecs literally, rather than as glob patterns. This is
+	equivalent to setting the `GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS` environment
+	variable to `1`.
 
-FURTHER DOCUMENTATION
----------------------
-
-See the references above to get started using git.  The following is
-probably more detail than necessary for a first-time user.
-
-The link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[git concepts chapter of the
-user-manual] and linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7] both provide
-introductions to the underlying git architecture.
-
-See linkgit:gitworkflows[7] for an overview of recommended workflows.
-
-See also the link:howto-index.html[howto] documents for some useful
-examples.
-
-The internals are documented in the
-link:technical/api-index.html[GIT API documentation].
 
 GIT COMMANDS
 ------------
 
-We divide git into high level ("porcelain") commands and low level
+We divide Git into high level ("porcelain") commands and low level
 ("plumbing") commands.
 
 High-level commands (porcelain)
@@ -459,7 +495,7 @@
 Low-level commands (plumbing)
 -----------------------------
 
-Although git includes its
+Although Git includes its
 own porcelain layer, its low-level commands are sufficient to support
 development of alternative porcelains.  Developers of such porcelains
 might start by reading about linkgit:git-update-index[1] and
@@ -517,10 +553,9 @@
 Configuration Mechanism
 -----------------------
 
-Starting from 0.99.9 (actually mid 0.99.8.GIT), `.git/config` file
-is used to hold per-repository configuration options.  It is a
-simple text file modeled after `.ini` format familiar to some
-people.  Here is an example:
+Git uses a simple text format to store customizations that are per
+repository and are per user.  Such a configuration file may look
+like this:
 
 ------------
 #
@@ -535,13 +570,13 @@
 ; user identity
 [user]
 	name = "Junio C Hamano"
-	email = "junkio@twinsun.com"
+	email = "gitster@pobox.com"
 
 ------------
 
 Various commands read from the configuration file and adjust
 their operation accordingly.  See linkgit:git-config[1] for a
-list.
+list and more details about the configuration mechanism.
 
 
 Identifier Terminology
@@ -580,7 +615,7 @@
 
 Symbolic Identifiers
 --------------------
-Any git command accepting any <object> can also use the following
+Any Git command accepting any <object> can also use the following
 symbolic notation:
 
 HEAD::
@@ -616,13 +651,13 @@
 
 Environment Variables
 ---------------------
-Various git commands use the following environment variables:
+Various Git commands use the following environment variables:
 
-The git Repository
+The Git Repository
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-These environment variables apply to 'all' core git commands. Nb: it
+These environment variables apply to 'all' core Git commands. Nb: it
 is worth noting that they may be used/overridden by SCMS sitting above
-git so take care if using Cogito etc.
+Git so take care if using Cogito etc.
 
 'GIT_INDEX_FILE'::
 	This environment allows the specification of an alternate
@@ -636,47 +671,53 @@
 	directory is used.
 
 'GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES'::
-	Due to the immutable nature of git objects, old objects can be
+	Due to the immutable nature of Git objects, old objects can be
 	archived into shared, read-only directories. This variable
 	specifies a ":" separated (on Windows ";" separated) list
-	of git object directories which can be used to search for git
+	of Git object directories which can be used to search for Git
 	objects. New objects will not be written to these directories.
 
 'GIT_DIR'::
 	If the 'GIT_DIR' environment variable is set then it
 	specifies a path to use instead of the default `.git`
 	for the base of the repository.
+	The '--git-dir' command-line option also sets this value.
 
 'GIT_WORK_TREE'::
-	Set the path to the working tree.  The value will not be
-	used in combination with repositories found automatically in
-	a .git directory (i.e. $GIT_DIR is not set).
+	Set the path to the root of the working tree.
 	This can also be controlled by the '--work-tree' command line
 	option and the core.worktree configuration variable.
 
 'GIT_NAMESPACE'::
-	Set the git namespace; see linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] for details.
+	Set the Git namespace; see linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] for details.
 	The '--namespace' command-line option also sets this value.
 
 'GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES'::
-	This should be a colon-separated list of absolute paths.
-	If set, it is a list of directories that git should not chdir
-	up into while looking for a repository directory.
-	It will not exclude the current working directory or
-	a GIT_DIR set on the command line or in the environment.
-	(Useful for excluding slow-loading network directories.)
+	This should be a colon-separated list of absolute paths.  If
+	set, it is a list of directories that Git should not chdir up
+	into while looking for a repository directory (useful for
+	excluding slow-loading network directories).  It will not
+	exclude the current working directory or a GIT_DIR set on the
+	command line or in the environment.  Normally, Git has to read
+	the entries in this list and resolve any symlink that
+	might be present in order to compare them with the current
+	directory.  However, if even this access is slow, you
+	can add an empty entry to the list to tell Git that the
+	subsequent entries are not symlinks and needn't be resolved;
+	e.g.,
+	'GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES=/maybe/symlink::/very/slow/non/symlink'.
 
 'GIT_DISCOVERY_ACROSS_FILESYSTEM'::
 	When run in a directory that does not have ".git" repository
-	directory, git tries to find such a directory in the parent
+	directory, Git tries to find such a directory in the parent
 	directories to find the top of the working tree, but by default it
 	does not cross filesystem boundaries.  This environment variable
-	can be set to true to tell git not to stop at filesystem
+	can be set to true to tell Git not to stop at filesystem
 	boundaries.  Like 'GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES', this will not affect
 	an explicit repository directory set via 'GIT_DIR' or on the
 	command line.
 
-git Commits
+Git Commits
 ~~~~~~~~~~~
 'GIT_AUTHOR_NAME'::
 'GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL'::
@@ -687,13 +728,13 @@
 'EMAIL'::
 	see linkgit:git-commit-tree[1]
 
-git Diffs
+Git Diffs
 ~~~~~~~~~
 'GIT_DIFF_OPTS'::
 	Only valid setting is "--unified=??" or "-u??" to set the
 	number of context lines shown when a unified diff is created.
 	This takes precedence over any "-U" or "--unified" option
-	value passed on the git diff command line.
+	value passed on the Git diff command line.
 
 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF'::
 	When the environment variable 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is set, the
@@ -707,7 +748,7 @@
 
 	<old|new>-file:: are files GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF can use to read the
                          contents of <old|new>,
-	<old|new>-hex:: are the 40-hexdigit SHA1 hashes,
+	<old|new>-hex:: are the 40-hexdigit SHA-1 hashes,
 	<old|new>-mode:: are the octal representation of the file modes.
 +
 The file parameters can point at the user's working file
@@ -728,13 +769,13 @@
 
 'GIT_PAGER'::
 	This environment variable overrides `$PAGER`. If it is set
-	to an empty string or to the value "cat", git will not launch
+	to an empty string or to the value "cat", Git will not launch
 	a pager.  See also the `core.pager` option in
 	linkgit:git-config[1].
 
 'GIT_EDITOR'::
 	This environment variable overrides `$EDITOR` and `$VISUAL`.
-	It is used by several git comands when, on interactive mode,
+	It is used by several Git commands when, on interactive mode,
 	an editor is to be launched. See also linkgit:git-var[1]
 	and the `core.editor` option in linkgit:git-config[1].
 
@@ -742,9 +783,12 @@
 	If this environment variable is set then 'git fetch'
 	and 'git push' will use this command instead
 	of 'ssh' when they need to connect to a remote system.
-	The '$GIT_SSH' command will be given exactly two arguments:
-	the 'username@host' (or just 'host') from the URL and the
-	shell command to execute on that remote system.
+	The '$GIT_SSH' command will be given exactly two or
+	four arguments: the 'username@host' (or just 'host')
+	from the URL and the shell command to execute on that
+	remote system, optionally preceded by '-p' (literally) and
+	the 'port' from the URL when it specifies something other
+	than the default SSH port.
 +
 To pass options to the program that you want to list in GIT_SSH
 you will need to wrap the program and options into a shell script,
@@ -755,12 +799,20 @@
 for further details.
 
 'GIT_ASKPASS'::
-	If this environment variable is set, then git commands which need to
+	If this environment variable is set, then Git commands which need to
 	acquire passwords or passphrases (e.g. for HTTP or IMAP authentication)
 	will call this program with a suitable prompt as command line argument
 	and read the password from its STDOUT. See also the 'core.askpass'
 	option in linkgit:git-config[1].
 
+'GIT_CONFIG_NOSYSTEM'::
+	Whether to skip reading settings from the system-wide
+	`$(prefix)/etc/gitconfig` file.  This environment variable can
+	be used along with `$HOME` and `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME` to create a
+	predictable environment for a picky script, or you can set it
+	temporarily to avoid using a buggy `/etc/gitconfig` file while
+	waiting for someone with sufficient permissions to fix it.
+
 'GIT_FLUSH'::
 	If this environment variable is set to "1", then commands such
 	as 'git blame' (in incremental mode), 'git rev-list', 'git log',
@@ -768,31 +820,41 @@
 	after each commit-oriented record have been flushed.   If this
 	variable is set to "0", the output of these commands will be done
 	using completely buffered I/O.   If this environment variable is
-	not set, git will choose buffered or record-oriented flushing
+	not set, Git will choose buffered or record-oriented flushing
 	based on whether stdout appears to be redirected to a file or not.
 
 'GIT_TRACE'::
 	If this variable is set to "1", "2" or "true" (comparison
-	is case insensitive), git will print `trace:` messages on
+	is case insensitive), Git will print `trace:` messages on
 	stderr telling about alias expansion, built-in command
 	execution and external command execution.
 	If this variable is set to an integer value greater than 1
-	and lower than 10 (strictly) then git will interpret this
+	and lower than 10 (strictly) then Git will interpret this
 	value as an open file descriptor and will try to write the
 	trace messages into this file descriptor.
 	Alternatively, if this variable is set to an absolute path
-	(starting with a '/' character), git will interpret this
+	(starting with a '/' character), Git will interpret this
 	as a file path and will try to write the trace messages
 	into it.
 
+GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS::
+	Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all
+	pathspecs literally, rather than as glob patterns. For example,
+	running `GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS=1 git log -- '*.c'` will search
+	for commits that touch the path `*.c`, not any paths that the
+	glob `*.c` matches. You might want this if you are feeding
+	literal paths to Git (e.g., paths previously given to you by
+	`git ls-tree`, `--raw` diff output, etc).
+
+
 Discussion[[Discussion]]
 ------------------------
 
 More detail on the following is available from the
-link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[git concepts chapter of the
+link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[Git concepts chapter of the
 user-manual] and linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7].
 
-A git project normally consists of a working directory with a ".git"
+A Git project normally consists of a working directory with a ".git"
 subdirectory at the top level.  The .git directory contains, among other
 things, a compressed object database representing the complete history
 of the project, an "index" file which links that history to the current
@@ -809,7 +871,7 @@
 represents an immediately preceding step.  Commits with more than one
 parent represent merges of independent lines of development.
 
-All objects are named by the SHA1 hash of their contents, normally
+All objects are named by the SHA-1 hash of their contents, normally
 written as a string of 40 hex digits.  Such names are globally unique.
 The entire history leading up to a commit can be vouched for by signing
 just that commit.  A fourth object type, the tag, is provided for this
@@ -819,9 +881,9 @@
 efficiency may later be compressed together into "pack files".
 
 Named pointers called refs mark interesting points in history.  A ref
-may contain the SHA1 name of an object or the name of another ref.  Refs
-with names beginning `ref/head/` contain the SHA1 name of the most
-recent commit (or "head") of a branch under development.  SHA1 names of
+may contain the SHA-1 name of an object or the name of another ref.  Refs
+with names beginning `ref/head/` contain the SHA-1 name of the most
+recent commit (or "head") of a branch under development.  SHA-1 names of
 tags of interest are stored under `ref/tags/`.  A special ref named
 `HEAD` contains the name of the currently checked-out branch.
 
@@ -838,12 +900,37 @@
 for a given pathname.  These stages are used to hold the various
 unmerged version of a file when a merge is in progress.
 
+FURTHER DOCUMENTATION
+---------------------
+
+See the references in the "description" section to get started
+using Git.  The following is probably more detail than necessary
+for a first-time user.
+
+The link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[Git concepts chapter of the
+user-manual] and linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7] both provide
+introductions to the underlying Git architecture.
+
+See linkgit:gitworkflows[7] for an overview of recommended workflows.
+
+See also the link:howto-index.html[howto] documents for some useful
+examples.
+
+The internals are documented in the
+link:technical/api-index.html[Git API documentation].
+
+Users migrating from CVS may also want to
+read linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7].
+
+
 Authors
 -------
 Git was started by Linus Torvalds, and is currently maintained by Junio
-C Hamano. Numerous contributions have come from the git mailing list
-<git@vger.kernel.org>. For a more complete list of contributors, see
-http://git-scm.com/about. If you have a clone of git.git itself, the
+C Hamano. Numerous contributions have come from the Git mailing list
+<git@vger.kernel.org>.  http://www.ohloh.net/p/git/contributors/summary
+gives you a more complete list of contributors.
+
+If you have a clone of git.git itself, the
 output of linkgit:git-shortlog[1] and linkgit:git-blame[1] can show you
 the authors for specific parts of the project.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/gitattributes.txt b/Documentation/gitattributes.txt
index 80120ea..b322a26 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitattributes.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitattributes.txt
@@ -56,8 +56,9 @@
 overrides an earlier line.  This overriding is done per
 attribute.  The rules how the pattern matches paths are the
 same as in `.gitignore` files; see linkgit:gitignore[5].
+Unlike `.gitignore`, negative patterns are forbidden.
 
-When deciding what attributes are assigned to a path, git
+When deciding what attributes are assigned to a path, Git
 consults `$GIT_DIR/info/attributes` file (which has the highest
 precedence), `.gitattributes` file in the same directory as the
 path in question, and its parent directories up to the toplevel of the
@@ -66,6 +67,11 @@
 global and system-wide files are considered (they have the lowest
 precedence).
 
+When the `.gitattributes` file is missing from the work tree, the
+path in the index is used as a fall-back.  During checkout process,
+`.gitattributes` in the index is used and then the file in the
+working tree is used as a fall-back.
+
 If you wish to affect only a single repository (i.e., to assign
 attributes to files that are particular to
 one user's workflow for that repository), then
@@ -75,6 +81,8 @@
 `.gitattributes` files. Attributes that should affect all repositories
 for a single user should be placed in a file specified by the
 `core.attributesfile` configuration option (see linkgit:git-config[1]).
+Its default value is $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/attributes. If $XDG_CONFIG_HOME
+is either not set or empty, $HOME/.config/git/attributes is used instead.
 Attributes for all users on a system should be placed in the
 `$(prefix)/etc/gitattributes` file.
 
@@ -86,7 +94,7 @@
 EFFECTS
 -------
 
-Certain operations by git can be influenced by assigning
+Certain operations by Git can be influenced by assigning
 particular attributes to a path.  Currently, the following
 operations are attributes-aware.
 
@@ -96,7 +104,7 @@
 These attributes affect how the contents stored in the
 repository are copied to the working tree files when commands
 such as 'git checkout' and 'git merge' run.  They also affect how
-git stores the contents you prepare in the working tree in the
+Git stores the contents you prepare in the working tree in the
 repository upon 'git add' and 'git commit'.
 
 `text`
@@ -116,22 +124,22 @@
 
 Unset::
 
-	Unsetting the `text` attribute on a path tells git not to
+	Unsetting the `text` attribute on a path tells Git not to
 	attempt any end-of-line conversion upon checkin or checkout.
 
 Set to string value "auto"::
 
 	When `text` is set to "auto", the path is marked for automatic
-	end-of-line normalization.  If git decides that the content is
+	end-of-line normalization.  If Git decides that the content is
 	text, its line endings are normalized to LF on checkin.
 
 Unspecified::
 
-	If the `text` attribute is unspecified, git uses the
+	If the `text` attribute is unspecified, Git uses the
 	`core.autocrlf` configuration variable to determine if the
 	file should be converted.
 
-Any other value causes git to act as if `text` has been left
+Any other value causes Git to act as if `text` has been left
 unspecified.
 
 `eol`
@@ -143,13 +151,13 @@
 
 Set to string value "crlf"::
 
-	This setting forces git to normalize line endings for this
+	This setting forces Git to normalize line endings for this
 	file on checkin and convert them to CRLF when the file is
 	checked out.
 
 Set to string value "lf"::
 
-	This setting forces git to normalize line endings to LF on
+	This setting forces Git to normalize line endings to LF on
 	checkin and prevents conversion to CRLF when the file is
 	checked out.
 
@@ -168,11 +176,11 @@
 End-of-line conversion
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-While git normally leaves file contents alone, it can be configured to
+While Git normally leaves file contents alone, it can be configured to
 normalize line endings to LF in the repository and, optionally, to
 convert them to CRLF when files are checked out.
 
-Here is an example that will make git normalize .txt, .vcproj and .sh
+Here is an example that will make Git normalize .txt, .vcproj and .sh
 files, ensure that .vcproj files have CRLF and .sh files have LF in
 the working directory, and prevent .jpg files from being normalized
 regardless of their content.
@@ -186,7 +194,7 @@
 
 Other source code management systems normalize all text files in their
 repositories, and there are two ways to enable similar automatic
-normalization in git.
+normalization in Git.
 
 If you simply want to have CRLF line endings in your working directory
 regardless of the repository you are working with, you can set the
@@ -211,9 +219,9 @@
 *	text=auto
 ------------------------
 
-This ensures that all files that git considers to be text will have
+This ensures that all files that Git considers to be text will have
 normalized (LF) line endings in the repository.  The `core.eol`
-configuration variable controls which line endings git will use for
+configuration variable controls which line endings Git will use for
 normalized files in your working directory; the default is to use the
 native line ending for your platform, or CRLF if `core.autocrlf` is
 set.
@@ -226,7 +234,7 @@
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ echo "* text=auto" >>.gitattributes
-$ rm .git/index     # Remove the index to force git to
+$ rm .git/index     # Remove the index to force Git to
 $ git reset         # re-scan the working directory
 $ git status        # Show files that will be normalized
 $ git add -u
@@ -241,17 +249,17 @@
 manual.pdf	-text
 ------------------------
 
-Conversely, text files that git does not detect can have normalization
+Conversely, text files that Git does not detect can have normalization
 enabled manually.
 
 ------------------------
 weirdchars.txt	text
 ------------------------
 
-If `core.safecrlf` is set to "true" or "warn", git verifies if
+If `core.safecrlf` is set to "true" or "warn", Git verifies if
 the conversion is reversible for the current setting of
-`core.autocrlf`.  For "true", git rejects irreversible
-conversions; for "warn", git only prints a warning but accepts
+`core.autocrlf`.  For "true", Git rejects irreversible
+conversions; for "warn", Git only prints a warning but accepts
 an irreversible conversion.  The safety triggers to prevent such
 a conversion done to the files in the work tree, but there are a
 few exceptions.  Even though...
@@ -272,7 +280,7 @@
 `ident`
 ^^^^^^^
 
-When the attribute `ident` is set for a path, git replaces
+When the attribute `ident` is set for a path, Git replaces
 `$Id$` in the blob object with `$Id:`, followed by the
 40-character hexadecimal blob object name, followed by a dollar
 sign `$` upon checkout.  Any byte sequence that begins with
@@ -303,7 +311,7 @@
 
 Another use of the content filtering is to store the content that cannot
 be directly used in the repository (e.g. a UUID that refers to the true
-content stored outside git, or an encrypted content) and turn it into a
+content stored outside Git, or an encrypted content) and turn it into a
 usable form upon checkout (e.g. download the external content, or decrypt
 the encrypted content).
 
@@ -389,7 +397,7 @@
 where the attribute is not in place would normally cause merge
 conflicts.
 
-To prevent these unnecessary merge conflicts, git can be told to run a
+To prevent these unnecessary merge conflicts, Git can be told to run a
 virtual check-out and check-in of all three stages of a file when
 resolving a three-way merge by setting the `merge.renormalize`
 configuration variable.  This prevents changes caused by check-in
@@ -409,11 +417,11 @@
 `diff`
 ^^^^^^
 
-The attribute `diff` affects how 'git' generates diffs for particular
-files. It can tell git whether to generate a textual patch for the path
+The attribute `diff` affects how Git generates diffs for particular
+files. It can tell Git whether to generate a textual patch for the path
 or to treat the path as a binary file.  It can also affect what line is
-shown on the hunk header `@@ -k,l +n,m @@` line, tell git to use an
-external command to generate the diff, or ask git to convert binary
+shown on the hunk header `@@ -k,l +n,m @@` line, tell Git to use an
+external command to generate the diff, or ask Git to convert binary
 files to a text format before generating the diff.
 
 Set::
@@ -441,7 +449,7 @@
 	specify one or more options, as described in the following
 	section. The options for the diff driver "foo" are defined
 	by the configuration variables in the "diff.foo" section of the
-	git config file.
+	Git config file.
 
 
 Defining an external diff driver
@@ -459,7 +467,7 @@
 	command = j-c-diff
 ----------------------------------------------------------------
 
-When git needs to show you a diff for the path with `diff`
+When Git needs to show you a diff for the path with `diff`
 attribute set to `jcdiff`, it calls the command you specified
 with the above configuration, i.e. `j-c-diff`, with 7
 parameters, just like `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` program is called.
@@ -509,6 +517,8 @@
 attribute mechanism, via `.gitattributes`).  The following built in
 patterns are available:
 
+- `ada` suitable for source code in the Ada language.
+
 - `bibtex` suitable for files with BibTeX coded references.
 
 - `cpp` suitable for source code in the C and C++ languages.
@@ -596,7 +606,7 @@
 addition to_ the usual binary diff that you might send.
 
 Because text conversion can be slow, especially when doing a
-large number of them with `git log -p`, git provides a mechanism
+large number of them with `git log -p`, Git provides a mechanism
 to cache the output and use it in future diffs.  To enable
 caching, set the "cachetextconv" variable in your diff driver's
 config. For example:
@@ -609,7 +619,7 @@
 
 This will cache the result of running "exif" on each blob
 indefinitely. If you change the textconv config variable for a
-diff driver, git will automatically invalidate the cache entries
+diff driver, Git will automatically invalidate the cache entries
 and re-run the textconv filter. If you want to invalidate the
 cache manually (e.g., because your version of "exif" was updated
 and now produces better output), you can remove the cache
@@ -630,7 +640,7 @@
 changes in the most appropriate way for your data format.
 
 A textconv, by comparison, is much more limiting. You provide a
-transformation of the data into a line-oriented text format, and git
+transformation of the data into a line-oriented text format, and Git
 uses its regular diff tools to generate the output. There are several
 advantages to choosing this method:
 
@@ -640,7 +650,7 @@
    odt2txt).
 
 2. Git diff features. By performing only the transformation step
-   yourself, you can still utilize many of git's diff features,
+   yourself, you can still utilize many of Git's diff features,
    including colorization, word-diff, and combined diffs for merges.
 
 3. Caching. Textconv caching can speed up repeated diffs, such as those
@@ -665,7 +675,7 @@
 *.ps -diff
 ------------------------
 
-This will cause git to generate `Binary files differ` (or a binary
+This will cause Git to generate `Binary files differ` (or a binary
 patch, if binary patches are enabled) instead of a regular diff.
 
 However, one may also want to specify other diff driver attributes. For
@@ -821,7 +831,7 @@
 
 Set::
 
-	Notice all types of potential whitespace errors known to git.
+	Notice all types of potential whitespace errors known to Git.
 	The tab width is taken from the value of the `core.whitespace`
 	configuration variable.
 
@@ -853,7 +863,7 @@
 `export-subst`
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-If the attribute `export-subst` is set for a file then git will expand
+If the attribute `export-subst` is set for a file then Git will expand
 several placeholders when adding this file to an archive.  The
 expansion depends on the availability of a commit ID, i.e., if
 linkgit:git-archive[1] has been given a tree instead of a commit or a
@@ -925,7 +935,7 @@
 macro attribute "binary" is equivalent to:
 
 ------------
-[attr]binary -diff -text
+[attr]binary -diff -merge -text
 ------------
 
 
@@ -951,7 +961,7 @@
 the attributes given to path `t/abc` are computed as follows:
 
 1. By examining `t/.gitattributes` (which is in the same
-   directory as the path in question), git finds that the first
+   directory as the path in question), Git finds that the first
    line matches.  `merge` attribute is set.  It also finds that
    the second line matches, and attributes `foo` and `bar`
    are unset.
diff --git a/Documentation/gitcli.txt b/Documentation/gitcli.txt
index ea17f7a..9ac5088 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitcli.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitcli.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-gitcli - git command line interface and conventions
+gitcli - Git command line interface and conventions
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-This manual describes the convention used throughout git CLI.
+This manual describes the convention used throughout Git CLI.
 
 Many commands take revisions (most often "commits", but sometimes
 "tree-ish", depending on the context and command) and paths as their
@@ -32,20 +32,37 @@
    between the HEAD commit and the work tree as a whole".  You can say
    `git diff HEAD --` to ask for the latter.
 
- * Without disambiguating `--`, git makes a reasonable guess, but errors
+ * Without disambiguating `--`, Git makes a reasonable guess, but errors
    out and asking you to disambiguate when ambiguous.  E.g. if you have a
    file called HEAD in your work tree, `git diff HEAD` is ambiguous, and
    you have to say either `git diff HEAD --` or `git diff -- HEAD` to
    disambiguate.
-
++
 When writing a script that is expected to handle random user-input, it is
 a good practice to make it explicit which arguments are which by placing
 disambiguating `--` at appropriate places.
 
-Here are the rules regarding the "flags" that you should follow when you are
-scripting git:
+ * Many commands allow wildcards in paths, but you need to protect
+   them from getting globbed by the shell.  These two mean different
+   things:
++
+--------------------------------
+$ git checkout -- *.c
+$ git checkout -- \*.c
+--------------------------------
++
+The former lets your shell expand the fileglob, and you are asking
+the dot-C files in your working tree to be overwritten with the version
+in the index.  The latter passes the `*.c` to Git, and you are asking
+the paths in the index that match the pattern to be checked out to your
+working tree.  After running `git add hello.c; rm hello.c`, you will _not_
+see `hello.c` in your working tree with the former, but with the latter
+you will.
 
- * it's preferred to use the non dashed form of git commands, which means that
+Here are the rules regarding the "flags" that you should follow when you are
+scripting Git:
+
+ * it's preferred to use the non dashed form of Git commands, which means that
    you should prefer `git foo` to `git-foo`.
 
  * splitting short options to separate words (prefer `git foo -a -b`
@@ -62,13 +79,21 @@
    `git log -1 HEAD` but write `git log -1 HEAD --`; the former will not work
    if you happen to have a file called `HEAD` in the work tree.
 
+ * many commands allow a long option "--option" to be abbreviated
+   only to their unique prefix (e.g. if there is no other option
+   whose name begins with "opt", you may be able to spell "--opt" to
+   invoke the "--option" flag), but you should fully spell them out
+   when writing your scripts; later versions of Git may introduce a
+   new option whose name shares the same prefix, e.g. "--optimize",
+   to make a short prefix that used to be unique no longer unique.
+
 
 ENHANCED OPTION PARSER
 ----------------------
-From the git 1.5.4 series and further, many git commands (not all of them at the
+From the Git 1.5.4 series and further, many Git commands (not all of them at the
 time of the writing though) come with an enhanced option parser.
 
-Here is an exhaustive list of the facilities provided by this option parser.
+Here is a list of the facilities provided by this option parser.
 
 
 Magic Options
@@ -82,17 +107,18 @@
 ---------------------------------------------
 $ git describe -h
 usage: git describe [options] <committish>*
+   or: git describe [options] --dirty
 
     --contains            find the tag that comes after the commit
     --debug               debug search strategy on stderr
-    --all                 use any ref in .git/refs
-    --tags                use any tag in .git/refs/tags
-    --abbrev [<n>]        use <n> digits to display SHA-1s
-    --candidates <n>      consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)
+    --all                 use any ref
+    --tags                use any tag, even unannotated
+    --long                always use long format
+    --abbrev[=<n>]        use <n> digits to display SHA-1s
 ---------------------------------------------
 
 --help-all::
-	Some git commands take options that are only used for plumbing or that
+	Some Git commands take options that are only used for plumbing or that
 	are deprecated, and such options are hidden from the default usage. This
 	option gives the full list of options.
 
@@ -112,6 +138,16 @@
 `git clean -fdx`.
 
 
+Abbreviating long options
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Commands that support the enhanced option parser accepts unique
+prefix of a long option as if it is fully spelled out, but use this
+with a caution.  For example, `git commit --amen` behaves as if you
+typed `git commit --amend`, but that is true only until a later version
+of Git introduces another option that shares the same prefix,
+e.g `git commit --amenity" option.
+
+
 Separating argument from the option
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 You can write the mandatory option parameter to an option as a separate
diff --git a/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt b/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt
index 9d89336..f538a87 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-gitcore-tutorial - A git core tutorial for developers
+gitcore-tutorial - A Git core tutorial for developers
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -12,17 +12,17 @@
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-This tutorial explains how to use the "core" git commands to set up and
-work with a git repository.
+This tutorial explains how to use the "core" Git commands to set up and
+work with a Git repository.
 
-If you just need to use git as a revision control system you may prefer
-to start with "A Tutorial Introduction to GIT" (linkgit:gittutorial[7]) or
-link:user-manual.html[the GIT User Manual].
+If you just need to use Git as a revision control system you may prefer
+to start with "A Tutorial Introduction to Git" (linkgit:gittutorial[7]) or
+link:user-manual.html[the Git User Manual].
 
 However, an understanding of these low-level tools can be helpful if
-you want to understand git's internals.
+you want to understand Git's internals.
 
-The core git is often called "plumbing", with the prettier user
+The core Git is often called "plumbing", with the prettier user
 interfaces on top of it called "porcelain". You may not want to use the
 plumbing directly very often, but it can be good to know what the
 plumbing does for when the porcelain isn't flushing.
@@ -40,19 +40,19 @@
 skip on your first reading.
 
 
-Creating a git repository
+Creating a Git repository
 -------------------------
 
-Creating a new git repository couldn't be easier: all git repositories start
+Creating a new Git repository couldn't be easier: all Git repositories start
 out empty, and the only thing you need to do is find yourself a
 subdirectory that you want to use as a working tree - either an empty
 one for a totally new project, or an existing working tree that you want
-to import into git.
+to import into Git.
 
 For our first example, we're going to start a totally new repository from
 scratch, with no pre-existing files, and we'll call it 'git-tutorial'.
 To start up, create a subdirectory for it, change into that
-subdirectory, and initialize the git infrastructure with 'git init':
+subdirectory, and initialize the Git infrastructure with 'git init':
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ mkdir git-tutorial
@@ -60,13 +60,13 @@
 $ git init
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-to which git will reply
+to which Git will reply
 
 ----------------
 Initialized empty Git repository in .git/
 ----------------
 
-which is just git's way of saying that you haven't been doing anything
+which is just Git's way of saying that you haven't been doing anything
 strange, and that it will have created a local `.git` directory setup for
 your new project. You will now have a `.git` directory, and you can
 inspect that with 'ls'. For your new empty project, it should show you
@@ -102,13 +102,13 @@
 
 However, this is only a convention, and you can name your branches
 anything you want, and don't have to ever even 'have' a `master`
-branch. A number of the git tools will assume that `.git/HEAD` is
+branch. A number of the Git tools will assume that `.git/HEAD` is
 valid, though.
 
 [NOTE]
-An 'object' is identified by its 160-bit SHA1 hash, aka 'object name',
+An 'object' is identified by its 160-bit SHA-1 hash, aka 'object name',
 and a reference to an object is always the 40-byte hex
-representation of that SHA1 name. The files in the `refs`
+representation of that SHA-1 name. The files in the `refs`
 subdirectory are expected to contain these hex references
 (usually with a final `\n` at the end), and you should thus
 expect to see a number of 41-byte files containing these
@@ -119,18 +119,18 @@
 An advanced user may want to take a look at linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5]
 after finishing this tutorial.
 
-You have now created your first git repository. Of course, since it's
+You have now created your first Git repository. Of course, since it's
 empty, that's not very useful, so let's start populating it with data.
 
 
-Populating a git repository
+Populating a Git repository
 ---------------------------
 
 We'll keep this simple and stupid, so we'll start off with populating a
 few trivial files just to get a feel for it.
 
 Start off with just creating any random files that you want to maintain
-in your git repository. We'll start off with a few bad examples, just to
+in your Git repository. We'll start off with a few bad examples, just to
 get a feel for how this works:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@
 
  - commit that index file as an object.
 
-The first step is trivial: when you want to tell git about any changes
+The first step is trivial: when you want to tell Git about any changes
 to your working tree, you use the 'git update-index' program. That
 program normally just takes a list of filenames you want to update, but
 to avoid trivial mistakes, it refuses to add new entries to the index
@@ -160,10 +160,10 @@
 $ git update-index --add hello example
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-and you have now told git to track those two files.
+and you have now told Git to track those two files.
 
 In fact, as you did that, if you now look into your object directory,
-you'll notice that git will have added two new objects to the object
+you'll notice that Git will have added two new objects to the object
 database. If you did exactly the steps above, you should now be able to do
 
 
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@
 ----------------
 
 where the `-t` tells 'git cat-file' to tell you what the "type" of the
-object is. git will tell you that you have a "blob" object (i.e., just a
+object is. Git will tell you that you have a "blob" object (i.e., just a
 regular file), and you can see the contents with
 
 ----------------
@@ -214,28 +214,28 @@
 look at the objects themselves, and typing long 40-character hex
 names is not something you'd normally want to do. The above digression
 was just to show that 'git update-index' did something magical, and
-actually saved away the contents of your files into the git object
+actually saved away the contents of your files into the Git object
 database.
 
 Updating the index did something else too: it created a `.git/index`
 file. This is the index that describes your current working tree, and
 something you should be very aware of. Again, you normally never worry
 about the index file itself, but you should be aware of the fact that
-you have not actually really "checked in" your files into git so far,
-you've only *told* git about them.
+you have not actually really "checked in" your files into Git so far,
+you've only *told* Git about them.
 
-However, since git knows about them, you can now start using some of the
-most basic git commands to manipulate the files or look at their status.
+However, since Git knows about them, you can now start using some of the
+most basic Git commands to manipulate the files or look at their status.
 
-In particular, let's not even check in the two files into git yet, we'll
+In particular, let's not even check in the two files into Git yet, we'll
 start off by adding another line to `hello` first:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ echo "It's a new day for git" >>hello
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-and you can now, since you told git about the previous state of `hello`, ask
-git what has changed in the tree compared to your old index, using the
+and you can now, since you told Git about the previous state of `hello`, ask
+Git what has changed in the tree compared to your old index, using the
 'git diff-files' command:
 
 ------------
@@ -282,11 +282,11 @@
 ------------
 
 
-Committing git state
+Committing Git state
 --------------------
 
-Now, we want to go to the next stage in git, which is to take the files
-that git knows about in the index, and commit them as a real tree. We do
+Now, we want to go to the next stage in Git, which is to take the files
+that Git knows about in the index, and commit them as a real tree. We do
 that in two phases: creating a 'tree' object, and committing that 'tree'
 object as a 'commit' object together with an explanation of what the
 tree was all about, along with information of how we came to that state.
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@
 current index state, and write an object that describes that whole
 index. In other words, we're now tying together all the different
 filenames with their contents (and their permissions), and we're
-creating the equivalent of a git "directory" object:
+creating the equivalent of a Git "directory" object:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git write-tree
@@ -415,9 +415,9 @@
 flag really only determines whether the file *contents* to be compared
 come from the working tree or not.
 
-This is not hard to understand, as soon as you realize that git simply
+This is not hard to understand, as soon as you realize that Git simply
 never knows (or cares) about files that it is not told about
-explicitly. git will never go *looking* for files to compare, it
+explicitly. Git will never go *looking* for files to compare, it
 expects you to tell it what the files are, and that's what the index
 is there for.
 ================
@@ -433,7 +433,7 @@
 $ git update-index hello
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-(note how we didn't need the `--add` flag this time, since git knew
+(note how we didn't need the `--add` flag this time, since Git knew
 about the file already).
 
 Note what happens to the different 'git diff-{asterisk}' versions here.
@@ -464,7 +464,7 @@
 can just leave an empty message. Otherwise `git commit` will commit
 the change for you.
 
-You've now made your first real git commit. And if you're interested in
+You've now made your first real Git commit. And if you're interested in
 looking at what `git commit` really does, feel free to investigate:
 it's a few very simple shell scripts to generate the helpful (?) commit
 message headers, and a few one-liners that actually do the
@@ -535,7 +535,7 @@
 In fact, together with the 'git rev-list' program (which generates a
 list of revisions), 'git diff-tree' ends up being a veritable fount of
 changes. A trivial (but very useful) script called 'git whatchanged' is
-included with git which does exactly this, and shows a log of recent
+included with Git which does exactly this, and shows a log of recent
 activities.
 
 To see the whole history of our pitiful little git-tutorial project, you
@@ -563,19 +563,19 @@
 can still show it for each command just adding the `--root` option,
 which is a flag for 'git diff-tree' accepted by both commands.
 
-With that, you should now be having some inkling of what git does, and
+With that, you should now be having some inkling of what Git does, and
 can explore on your own.
 
 [NOTE]
 Most likely, you are not directly using the core
-git Plumbing commands, but using Porcelain such as 'git add', `git-rm'
+Git Plumbing commands, but using Porcelain such as 'git add', `git-rm'
 and `git-commit'.
 
 
 Tagging a version
 -----------------
 
-In git, there are two kinds of tags, a "light" one, and an "annotated tag".
+In Git, there are two kinds of tags, a "light" one, and an "annotated tag".
 
 A "light" tag is technically nothing more than a branch, except we put
 it in the `.git/refs/tags/` subdirectory instead of calling it a `head`.
@@ -598,7 +598,7 @@
 stuff, you can use your tag as an "anchor-point" to see what has changed
 since you tagged it.
 
-An "annotated tag" is actually a real git object, and contains not only a
+An "annotated tag" is actually a real Git object, and contains not only a
 pointer to the state you want to tag, but also a small tag name and
 message, along with optionally a PGP signature that says that yes,
 you really did
@@ -623,17 +623,17 @@
 Copying repositories
 --------------------
 
-git repositories are normally totally self-sufficient and relocatable.
+Git repositories are normally totally self-sufficient and relocatable.
 Unlike CVS, for example, there is no separate notion of
-"repository" and "working tree". A git repository normally *is* the
-working tree, with the local git information hidden in the `.git`
+"repository" and "working tree". A Git repository normally *is* the
+working tree, with the local Git information hidden in the `.git`
 subdirectory. There is nothing else. What you see is what you got.
 
 [NOTE]
-You can tell git to split the git internal information from
+You can tell Git to split the Git internal information from
 the directory that it tracks, but we'll ignore that for now: it's not
 how normal projects work, and it's really only meant for special uses.
-So the mental model of "the git information is always tied directly to
+So the mental model of "the Git information is always tied directly to
 the working tree that it describes" may not be technically 100%
 accurate, but it's a good model for all normal use.
 
@@ -649,13 +649,13 @@
 and it will be gone. There's no external repository, and there's no
 history outside the project you created.
 
- - if you want to move or duplicate a git repository, you can do so. There
+ - if you want to move or duplicate a Git repository, you can do so. There
    is 'git clone' command, but if all you want to do is just to
    create a copy of your repository (with all the full history that
    went along with it), you can do so with a regular
    `cp -a git-tutorial new-git-tutorial`.
 +
-Note that when you've moved or copied a git repository, your git index
+Note that when you've moved or copied a Git repository, your Git index
 file (which caches various information, notably some of the "stat"
 information for the files involved) will likely need to be refreshed.
 So after you do a `cp -a` to create a new copy, you'll want to do
@@ -667,7 +667,7 @@
 in the new repository to make sure that the index file is up-to-date.
 
 Note that the second point is true even across machines. You can
-duplicate a remote git repository with *any* regular copy mechanism, be it
+duplicate a remote Git repository with *any* regular copy mechanism, be it
 'scp', 'rsync' or 'wget'.
 
 When copying a remote repository, you'll want to at a minimum update the
@@ -694,23 +694,23 @@
 $ git reset
 ----------------
 
-and in fact a lot of the common git command combinations can be scripted
+and in fact a lot of the common Git command combinations can be scripted
 with the `git xyz` interfaces.  You can learn things by just looking
 at what the various git scripts do.  For example, `git reset` used to be
 the above two lines implemented in 'git reset', but some things like
 'git status' and 'git commit' are slightly more complex scripts around
-the basic git commands.
+the basic Git commands.
 
 Many (most?) public remote repositories will not contain any of
 the checked out files or even an index file, and will *only* contain the
-actual core git files. Such a repository usually doesn't even have the
-`.git` subdirectory, but has all the git files directly in the
+actual core Git files. Such a repository usually doesn't even have the
+`.git` subdirectory, but has all the Git files directly in the
 repository.
 
-To create your own local live copy of such a "raw" git repository, you'd
+To create your own local live copy of such a "raw" Git repository, you'd
 first create your own subdirectory for the project, and then copy the
 raw repository contents into the `.git` directory. For example, to
-create your own copy of the git repository, you'd do the following
+create your own copy of the Git repository, you'd do the following
 
 ----------------
 $ mkdir my-git
@@ -725,7 +725,7 @@
 ----------------
 
 to populate the index. However, now you have populated the index, and
-you have all the git internal files, but you will notice that you don't
+you have all the Git internal files, but you will notice that you don't
 actually have any of the working tree files to work on. To get
 those, you'd check them out with
 
@@ -757,13 +757,13 @@
 Creating a new branch
 ---------------------
 
-Branches in git are really nothing more than pointers into the git
+Branches in Git are really nothing more than pointers into the Git
 object database from within the `.git/refs/` subdirectory, and as we
 already discussed, the `HEAD` branch is nothing but a symlink to one of
 these object pointers.
 
 You can at any time create a new branch by just picking an arbitrary
-point in the project history, and just writing the SHA1 name of that
+point in the project history, and just writing the SHA-1 name of that
 object into a file under `.git/refs/heads/`. You can use any filename you
 want (and indeed, subdirectories), but the convention is that the
 "normal" branch is called `master`. That's just a convention, though,
@@ -849,7 +849,7 @@
 Here, we just added another line to `hello`, and we used a shorthand for
 doing both `git update-index hello` and `git commit` by just giving the
 filename directly to `git commit`, with an `-i` flag (it tells
-git to 'include' that file in addition to what you have done to
+Git to 'include' that file in addition to what you have done to
 the index file so far when making the commit).  The `-m` flag is to give the
 commit log message from the command line.
 
@@ -900,7 +900,7 @@
 the merge can be resolved automatically.
 
 Now, in this case we've intentionally created a situation where the
-merge will need to be fixed up by hand, though, so git will do as much
+merge will need to be fixed up by hand, though, so Git will do as much
 of it as it can automatically (which in this case is just merge the `example`
 file, which had no differences in the `mybranch` branch), and say:
 
@@ -939,7 +939,7 @@
 history looks like. Notice that `mybranch` still exists, and you can
 switch to it, and continue to work with it if you want to. The
 `mybranch` branch will not contain the merge, but next time you merge it
-from the `master` branch, git will know how you merged it, so you'll not
+from the `master` branch, Git will know how you merged it, so you'll not
 have to do _that_ merge again.
 
 Another useful tool, especially if you do not always work in X-Window
@@ -956,12 +956,11 @@
 ------------------------------------------------
 
 The first two lines indicate that it is showing the two branches
-and the first line of the commit log message from their
-top-of-the-tree commits, you are currently on `master` branch
-(notice the asterisk `*` character), and the first column for
-the later output lines is used to show commits contained in the
+with the titles of their top-of-the-tree commits, you are currently on
+`master` branch (notice the asterisk `*` character), and the first
+column for the later output lines is used to show commits contained in the
 `master` branch, and the second column for the `mybranch`
-branch. Three commits are shown along with their log messages.
+branch. Three commits are shown along with their titles.
 All of them have non blank characters in the first column (`*`
 shows an ordinary commit on the current branch, `-` is a merge commit), which
 means they are now part of the `master` branch. Only the "Some
@@ -1029,7 +1028,7 @@
 ---------------------
 
 It's usually much more common that you merge with somebody else than
-merging with your own branches, so it's worth pointing out that git
+merging with your own branches, so it's worth pointing out that Git
 makes that very easy too, and in fact, it's not that different from
 doing a 'git merge'. In fact, a remote merge ends up being nothing
 more than "fetch the work from a remote repository into a temporary tag"
@@ -1069,7 +1068,7 @@
 remote machine.  It finds out the set of objects the other side
 lacks by exchanging the head commits both ends have and
 transfers (close to) minimum set of objects.  It is by far the
-most efficient way to exchange git objects between repositories.
+most efficient way to exchange Git objects between repositories.
 
 Local directory::
 	`/path/to/repo.git/`
@@ -1078,7 +1077,7 @@
 both ends on the local machine instead of running other end on
 the remote machine via 'ssh'.
 
-git Native::
+Git Native::
 	`git://remote.machine/path/to/repo.git/`
 +
 This transport was designed for anonymous downloading.  Like SSH
@@ -1100,8 +1099,8 @@
 sometimes also called 'commit walkers'.
 +
 The 'commit walkers' are sometimes also called 'dumb
-transports', because they do not require any git aware smart
-server like git Native transport does.  Any stock HTTP server
+transports', because they do not require any Git aware smart
+server like Git Native transport does.  Any stock HTTP server
 that does not even support directory index would suffice.  But
 you must prepare your repository with 'git update-server-info'
 to help dumb transport downloaders.
@@ -1234,7 +1233,7 @@
 etc.).  After reading three trees into three stages, the paths
 that are the same in all three stages are 'collapsed' into stage
 0.  Also paths that are the same in two of three stages are
-collapsed into stage 0, taking the SHA1 from either stage 2 or
+collapsed into stage 0, taking the SHA-1 from either stage 2 or
 stage 3, whichever is different from stage 1 (i.e. only one side
 changed from the common ancestor).
 
@@ -1322,7 +1321,7 @@
 
 [NOTE]
 This public repository could further be mirrored, and that is
-how git repositories at `kernel.org` are managed.
+how Git repositories at `kernel.org` are managed.
 
 Publishing the changes from your local (private) repository to
 your remote (public) repository requires a write privilege on
@@ -1341,7 +1340,7 @@
 on the remote machine. The communication between the two over
 the network internally uses an SSH connection.
 
-Your private repository's git directory is usually `.git`, but
+Your private repository's Git directory is usually `.git`, but
 your public repository is often named after the project name,
 i.e. `<project>.git`. Let's create such a public repository for
 project `my-git`. After logging into the remote machine, create
@@ -1351,7 +1350,7 @@
 $ mkdir my-git.git
 ------------
 
-Then, make that directory into a git repository by running
+Then, make that directory into a Git repository by running
 'git init', but this time, since its name is not the usual
 `.git`, we do things slightly differently:
 
@@ -1390,7 +1389,7 @@
 branch head (i.e. `master` in this case) and objects reachable
 from them in your current repository.
 
-As a real example, this is how I update my public git
+As a real example, this is how I update my public Git
 repository. Kernel.org mirror network takes care of the
 propagation to other publicly visible machines:
 
@@ -1403,9 +1402,9 @@
 -----------------------
 
 Earlier, we saw that one file under `.git/objects/??/` directory
-is stored for each git object you create. This representation
+is stored for each Git object you create. This representation
 is efficient to create atomically and safely, but
-not so convenient to transport over the network. Since git objects are
+not so convenient to transport over the network. Since Git objects are
 immutable once they are created, there is a way to optimize the
 storage by "packing them together". The command
 
@@ -1473,14 +1472,14 @@
 Working with Others
 -------------------
 
-Although git is a truly distributed system, it is often
+Although Git is a truly distributed system, it is often
 convenient to organize your project with an informal hierarchy
 of developers. Linux kernel development is run this way. There
 is a nice illustration (page 17, "Merges to Mainline") in
 link:http://www.xenotime.net/linux/mentor/linux-mentoring-2006.pdf[Randy Dunlap's presentation].
 
 It should be stressed that this hierarchy is purely *informal*.
-There is nothing fundamental in git that enforces the "chain of
+There is nothing fundamental in Git that enforces the "chain of
 patch flow" this hierarchy implies. You do not have to pull
 from only one remote repository.
 
@@ -1593,7 +1592,7 @@
 
 If you are coming from CVS background, the style of cooperation
 suggested in the previous section may be new to you. You do not
-have to worry. git supports "shared public repository" style of
+have to worry. Git supports "shared public repository" style of
 cooperation you are probably more familiar with as well.
 
 See linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7] for the details.
@@ -1603,7 +1602,7 @@
 
 It is likely that you will be working on more than one thing at
 a time.  It is easy to manage those more-or-less independent tasks
-using branches with git.
+using branches with Git.
 
 We have already seen how branches work previously,
 with "fun and work" example using two branches.  The idea is the
diff --git a/Documentation/gitcredentials.txt b/Documentation/gitcredentials.txt
index 7dfffc0..47576be 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitcredentials.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitcredentials.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-gitcredentials - providing usernames and passwords to git
+gitcredentials - providing usernames and passwords to Git
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@
 Git will sometimes need credentials from the user in order to perform
 operations; for example, it may need to ask for a username and password
 in order to access a remote repository over HTTP. This manual describes
-the mechanisms git uses to request these credentials, as well as some
+the mechanisms Git uses to request these credentials, as well as some
 features to avoid inputting these credentials repeatedly.
 
 REQUESTING CREDENTIALS
 ----------------------
 
-Without any credential helpers defined, git will try the following
+Without any credential helpers defined, Git will try the following
 strategies to ask the user for usernames and passwords:
 
 1. If the `GIT_ASKPASS` environment variable is set, the program
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
 	username = me
 ---------------------------------------
 
-Credential helpers, on the other hand, are external programs from which git can
+Credential helpers, on the other hand, are external programs from which Git can
 request both usernames and passwords; they typically interface with secure
 storage provided by the OS or other programs.
 
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@
 You may also have third-party helpers installed; search for
 `credential-*` in the output of `git help -a`, and consult the
 documentation of individual helpers.  Once you have selected a helper,
-you can tell git to use it by putting its name into the
+you can tell Git to use it by putting its name into the
 credential.helper variable.
 
 1. Find a helper.
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
 $ git help credential-foo
 -------------------------------------------
 
-3. Tell git to use it.
+3. Tell Git to use it.
 +
 -------------------------------------------
 $ git config --global credential.helper foo
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@
 
 If there are multiple instances of the `credential.helper` configuration
 variable, each helper will be tried in turn, and may provide a username,
-password, or nothing. Once git has acquired both a username and a
+password, or nothing. Once Git has acquired both a username and a
 password, no more helpers will be tried.
 
 
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@
 is used to look up context-specific configuration, and is passed to any
 helpers, which may use it as an index into secure storage.
 
-For instance, imagine we are accessing `https://example.com/foo.git`. When git
+For instance, imagine we are accessing `https://example.com/foo.git`. When Git
 looks into a config file to see if a section matches this context, it will
 consider the two a match if the context is a more-specific subset of the
 pattern in the config file. For example, if you have this in your config file:
@@ -133,10 +133,10 @@
 	username = foo
 --------------------------------------
 
-because the hostnames differ. Nor would it match `foo.example.com`; git
+because the hostnames differ. Nor would it match `foo.example.com`; Git
 compares hostnames exactly, without considering whether two hosts are part of
 the same domain. Likewise, a config entry for `http://example.com` would not
-match: git compares the protocols exactly.
+match: Git compares the protocols exactly.
 
 
 CONFIGURATION OPTIONS
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@
 
 useHttpPath::
 
-	By default, git does not consider the "path" component of an http URL
+	By default, Git does not consider the "path" component of an http URL
 	to be worth matching via external helpers. This means that a credential
 	stored for `https://example.com/foo.git` will also be used for
 	`https://example.com/bar.git`. If you do want to distinguish these
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@
 --------------
 
 You can write your own custom helpers to interface with any system in
-which you keep credentials. See the documentation for git's
+which you keep credentials. See the documentation for Git's
 link:technical/api-credentials.html[credentials API] for details.
 
 GIT
diff --git a/Documentation/gitcvs-migration.txt b/Documentation/gitcvs-migration.txt
index aeb0cdc..5ab5b07 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitcvs-migration.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitcvs-migration.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-gitcvs-migration - git for CVS users
+gitcvs-migration - Git for CVS users
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 designating a single shared repository which people can synchronize with;
 this document explains how to do that.
 
-Some basic familiarity with git is required. Having gone through
+Some basic familiarity with Git is required. Having gone through
 linkgit:gittutorial[7] and
 linkgit:gitglossary[7] should be sufficient.
 
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
 Setting Up a Shared Repository
 ------------------------------
 
-We assume you have already created a git repository for your project,
+We assume you have already created a Git repository for your project,
 possibly created from scratch or from a tarball (see
 linkgit:gittutorial[7]), or imported from an already existing CVS
 repository (see the next section).
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@
 easy way to do this is to give all the team members ssh access to the
 machine where the repository is hosted.  If you don't want to give them a
 full shell on the machine, there is a restricted shell which only allows
-users to do git pushes and pulls; see linkgit:git-shell[1].
+users to do Git pushes and pulls; see linkgit:git-shell[1].
 
 Put all the committers in the same group, and make the repository
 writable by that group:
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@
 $ git cvsimport -C <destination> <module>
 -------------------------------------------
 
-This puts a git archive of the named CVS module in the directory
+This puts a Git archive of the named CVS module in the directory
 <destination>, which will be created if necessary.
 
 The import checks out from CVS every revision of every file.  Reportedly
@@ -133,8 +133,8 @@
 medium-sized project this should not take more than a couple of minutes.
 Larger projects or remote repositories may take longer.
 
-The main trunk is stored in the git branch named `origin`, and additional
-CVS branches are stored in git branches with the same names.  The most
+The main trunk is stored in the Git branch named `origin`, and additional
+CVS branches are stored in Git branches with the same names.  The most
 recent version of the main trunk is also left checked out on the `master`
 branch, so you can start adding your own changes right away.
 
@@ -160,10 +160,10 @@
 link:howto/update-hook-example.txt[Controlling access to branches using
 update hooks].
 
-Providing CVS Access to a git Repository
+Providing CVS Access to a Git Repository
 ----------------------------------------
 
-It is also possible to provide true CVS access to a git repository, so
+It is also possible to provide true CVS access to a Git repository, so
 that developers can still use CVS; see linkgit:git-cvsserver[1] for
 details.
 
@@ -171,8 +171,8 @@
 ------------------------------
 
 CVS users are accustomed to giving a group of developers commit access to
-a common repository.  As we've seen, this is also possible with git.
-However, the distributed nature of git allows other development models,
+a common repository.  As we've seen, this is also possible with Git.
+However, the distributed nature of Git allows other development models,
 and you may want to first consider whether one of them might be a better
 fit for your project.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/gitdiffcore.txt b/Documentation/gitdiffcore.txt
index daf1782..c8b3e51 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitdiffcore.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitdiffcore.txt
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
 For the purpose of breaking a filepair, diffcore-break examines
 the extent of changes between the contents of the files before
 and after modification (i.e. the contents that have "bcd1234..."
-and "0123456..." as their SHA1 content ID, in the above
+and "0123456..." as their SHA-1 content ID, in the above
 example).  The amount of deletion of original contents and
 insertion of new material are added together, and if it exceeds
 the "break score", the filepair is broken into two.  The break
@@ -222,26 +222,35 @@
 diffcore-pickaxe: For Detecting Addition/Deletion of Specified String
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-This transformation is used to find filepairs that represent
-changes that touch a specified string, and is controlled by the
--S option and the `--pickaxe-all` option to the 'git diff-*'
-commands.
+This transformation limits the set of filepairs to those that change
+specified strings between the preimage and the postimage in a certain
+way.  -S<block of text> and -G<regular expression> options are used to
+specify different ways these strings are sought.
 
-When diffcore-pickaxe is in use, it checks if there are
-filepairs whose "result" side and whose "origin" side have
-different number of specified string.  Such a filepair represents
-"the string appeared in this changeset".  It also checks for the
-opposite case that loses the specified string.
+"-S<block of text>" detects filepairs whose preimage and postimage
+have different number of occurrences of the specified block of text.
+By definition, it will not detect in-file moves.  Also, when a
+changeset moves a file wholesale without affecting the interesting
+string, diffcore-rename kicks in as usual, and `-S` omits the filepair
+(since the number of occurrences of that string didn't change in that
+rename-detected filepair).  When used with `--pickaxe-regex`, treat
+the <block of text> as an extended POSIX regular expression to match,
+instead of a literal string.
 
-When `--pickaxe-all` is not in effect, diffcore-pickaxe leaves
-only such filepairs that touch the specified string in its
-output.  When `--pickaxe-all` is used, diffcore-pickaxe leaves all
-filepairs intact if there is such a filepair, or makes the
-output empty otherwise.  The latter behaviour is designed to
-make reviewing of the changes in the context of the whole
+"-G<regular expression>" (mnemonic: grep) detects filepairs whose
+textual diff has an added or a deleted line that matches the given
+regular expression.  This means that it will detect in-file (or what
+rename-detection considers the same file) moves, which is noise.  The
+implementation runs diff twice and greps, and this can be quite
+expensive.
+
+When `-S` or `-G` are used without `--pickaxe-all`, only filepairs
+that match their respective criterion are kept in the output.  When
+`--pickaxe-all` is used, if even one filepair matches their respective
+criterion in a changeset, the entire changeset is kept.  This behavior
+is designed to make reviewing changes in the context of the whole
 changeset easier.
 
-
 diffcore-order: For Sorting the Output Based on Filenames
 ---------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -254,7 +263,7 @@
 in the file are output before ones that match a later line, and
 filepairs that do not match any glob pattern are output last.
 
-As an example, a typical orderfile for the core git probably
+As an example, a typical orderfile for the core Git probably
 would look like this:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/Documentation/gitglossary.txt b/Documentation/gitglossary.txt
index d77a45a..e52de7d 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitglossary.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitglossary.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-gitglossary - A GIT Glossary
+gitglossary - A Git Glossary
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 linkgit:gittutorial[7],
 linkgit:gittutorial-2[7],
 linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7],
-link:everyday.html[Everyday git],
+link:everyday.html[Everyday Git],
 link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual]
 
 GIT
diff --git a/Documentation/githooks.txt b/Documentation/githooks.txt
index b9003fe..d48bf4d 100644
--- a/Documentation/githooks.txt
+++ b/Documentation/githooks.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-githooks - Hooks used by git
+githooks - Hooks used by Git
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@
 configuration option `commit.template` is set); `merge` (if the
 commit is a merge or a `.git/MERGE_MSG` file exists); `squash`
 (if a `.git/SQUASH_MSG` file exists); or `commit`, followed by
-a commit SHA1 (if a `-c`, `-C` or `--amend` option was given).
+a commit SHA-1 (if a `-c`, `-C` or `--amend` option was given).
 
 If the exit status is non-zero, 'git commit' will abort.
 
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
 means a failure of the hook and aborts the commit.  It should not
 be used as replacement for pre-commit hook.
 
-The sample `prepare-commit-msg` hook that comes with git comments
+The sample `prepare-commit-msg` hook that comes with Git comments
 out the `Conflicts:` part of a merge's commit message.
 
 commit-msg
@@ -140,9 +140,11 @@
 pre-rebase
 ~~~~~~~~~~
 
-This hook is called by 'git rebase' and can be used to prevent a branch
-from getting rebased.
-
+This hook is called by 'git rebase' and can be used to prevent a
+branch from getting rebased.  The hook may be called with one or
+two parameters.  The first parameter is the upstream from which
+the series was forked.  The second parameter is the branch being
+rebased, and is not set when rebasing the current branch.
 
 post-checkout
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
@@ -176,6 +178,35 @@
 (eg: permissions/ownership, ACLS, etc).  See contrib/hooks/setgitperms.perl
 for an example of how to do this.
 
+pre-push
+~~~~~~~~
+
+This hook is called by 'git push' and can be used to prevent a push from taking
+place.  The hook is called with two parameters which provide the name and
+location of the destination remote, if a named remote is not being used both
+values will be the same.
+
+Information about what is to be pushed is provided on the hook's standard
+input with lines of the form:
+
+  <local ref> SP <local sha1> SP <remote ref> SP <remote sha1> LF
+
+For instance, if the command +git push origin master:foreign+ were run the
+hook would receive a line like the following:
+
+  refs/heads/master 67890 refs/heads/foreign 12345
+
+although the full, 40-character SHA-1s would be supplied.  If the foreign ref
+does not yet exist the `<remote SHA-1>` will be 40 `0`.  If a ref is to be
+deleted, the `<local ref>` will be supplied as `(delete)` and the `<local
+SHA-1>` will be 40 `0`.  If the local commit was specified by something other
+than a name which could be expanded (such as `HEAD~`, or a SHA-1) it will be
+supplied as it was originally given.
+
+If this hook exits with a non-zero status, 'git push' will abort without
+pushing anything.  Information about why the push is rejected may be sent
+to the user by writing to standard error.
+
 [[pre-receive]]
 pre-receive
 ~~~~~~~~~~~
@@ -275,7 +306,7 @@
 
 The default 'post-receive' hook is empty, but there is
 a sample script `post-receive-email` provided in the `contrib/hooks`
-directory in git distribution, which implements sending commit
+directory in Git distribution, which implements sending commit
 emails.
 
 [[post-update]]
@@ -303,7 +334,7 @@
 When enabled, the default 'post-update' hook runs
 'git update-server-info' to keep the information used by dumb
 transports (e.g., HTTP) up-to-date.  If you are publishing
-a git repository that is accessible via HTTP, you should
+a Git repository that is accessible via HTTP, you should
 probably enable this hook.
 
 Both standard output and standard error output are forwarded to
@@ -336,7 +367,7 @@
 'extra-info'.
 
 The hook always runs after the automatic note copying (see
-"notes.rewrite.<command>" in linkgit:git-config.txt) has happened, and
+"notes.rewrite.<command>" in linkgit:git-config.txt[1]) has happened, and
 thus has access to these notes.
 
 The following command-specific comments apply:
diff --git a/Documentation/gitignore.txt b/Documentation/gitignore.txt
index 2e7328b..54e334e 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitignore.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitignore.txt
@@ -13,12 +13,12 @@
 -----------
 
 A `gitignore` file specifies intentionally untracked files that
-git should ignore.
-Files already tracked by git are not affected; see the NOTES
+Git should ignore.
+Files already tracked by Git are not affected; see the NOTES
 below for details.
 
 Each line in a `gitignore` file specifies a pattern.
-When deciding whether to ignore a path, git normally checks
+When deciding whether to ignore a path, Git normally checks
 `gitignore` patterns from multiple sources, with the following
 order of precedence, from highest to lowest (within one level of
 precedence, the last matching pattern decides the outcome):
@@ -41,21 +41,29 @@
    variable 'core.excludesfile'.
 
 Which file to place a pattern in depends on how the pattern is meant to
-be used. Patterns which should be version-controlled and distributed to
-other repositories via clone (i.e., files that all developers will want
-to ignore) should go into a `.gitignore` file. Patterns which are
-specific to a particular repository but which do not need to be shared
-with other related repositories (e.g., auxiliary files that live inside
-the repository but are specific to one user's workflow) should go into
-the `$GIT_DIR/info/exclude` file.  Patterns which a user wants git to
-ignore in all situations (e.g., backup or temporary files generated by
-the user's editor of choice) generally go into a file specified by
-`core.excludesfile` in the user's `~/.gitconfig`.
+be used.
 
-The underlying git plumbing tools, such as
+ * Patterns which should be version-controlled and distributed to
+   other repositories via clone (i.e., files that all developers will want
+   to ignore) should go into a `.gitignore` file.
+
+ * Patterns which are
+   specific to a particular repository but which do not need to be shared
+   with other related repositories (e.g., auxiliary files that live inside
+   the repository but are specific to one user's workflow) should go into
+   the `$GIT_DIR/info/exclude` file.
+
+ * Patterns which a user wants Git to
+   ignore in all situations (e.g., backup or temporary files generated by
+   the user's editor of choice) generally go into a file specified by
+   `core.excludesfile` in the user's `~/.gitconfig`. Its default value is
+   $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/ignore. If $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is either not set or
+   empty, $HOME/.config/git/ignore is used instead.
+
+The underlying Git plumbing tools, such as
 'git ls-files' and 'git read-tree', read
 `gitignore` patterns specified by command-line options, or from
-files specified by command-line options.  Higher-level git
+files specified by command-line options.  Higher-level Git
 tools, such as 'git status' and 'git add',
 use patterns from the sources specified above.
 
@@ -66,26 +74,30 @@
    for readability.
 
  - A line starting with # serves as a comment.
+   Put a backslash ("`\`") in front of the first hash for patterns
+   that begin with a hash.
 
- - An optional prefix '!' which negates the pattern; any
+ - An optional prefix "`!`" which negates the pattern; any
    matching file excluded by a previous pattern will become
    included again.  If a negated pattern matches, this will
    override lower precedence patterns sources.
+   Put a backslash ("`\`") in front of the first "`!`" for patterns
+   that begin with a literal "`!`", for example, "`\!important!.txt`".
 
  - If the pattern ends with a slash, it is removed for the
    purpose of the following description, but it would only find
    a match with a directory.  In other words, `foo/` will match a
    directory `foo` and paths underneath it, but will not match a
    regular file or a symbolic link `foo` (this is consistent
-   with the way how pathspec works in general in git).
+   with the way how pathspec works in general in Git).
 
- - If the pattern does not contain a slash '/', git treats it as
+ - If the pattern does not contain a slash '/', Git treats it as
    a shell glob pattern and checks for a match against the
    pathname relative to the location of the `.gitignore` file
    (relative to the toplevel of the work tree if not from a
    `.gitignore` file).
 
- - Otherwise, git treats the pattern as a shell glob suitable
+ - Otherwise, Git treats the pattern as a shell glob suitable
    for consumption by fnmatch(3) with the FNM_PATHNAME flag:
    wildcards in the pattern will not match a / in the pathname.
    For example, "Documentation/{asterisk}.html" matches
@@ -96,11 +108,30 @@
    For example, "/{asterisk}.c" matches "cat-file.c" but not
    "mozilla-sha1/sha1.c".
 
+Two consecutive asterisks ("`**`") in patterns matched against
+full pathname may have special meaning:
+
+ - A leading "`**`" followed by a slash means match in all
+   directories. For example, "`**/foo`" matches file or directory
+   "`foo`" anywhere, the same as pattern "`foo`". "**/foo/bar"
+   matches file or directory "`bar`" anywhere that is directly
+   under directory "`foo`".
+
+ - A trailing "/**" matches everything inside. For example,
+   "abc/**" matches all files inside directory "abc", relative
+   to the location of the `.gitignore` file, with infinite depth.
+
+ - A slash followed by two consecutive asterisks then a slash
+   matches zero or more directories. For example, "`a/**/b`"
+   matches "`a/b`", "`a/x/b`", "`a/x/y/b`" and so on.
+
+ - Other consecutive asterisks are considered invalid.
+
 NOTES
 -----
 
 The purpose of gitignore files is to ensure that certain files
-not tracked by git remain untracked.
+not tracked by Git remain untracked.
 
 To ignore uncommitted changes in a file that is already tracked,
 use 'git update-index {litdd}assume-unchanged'.
@@ -148,13 +179,15 @@
     $ echo '!/vmlinux*' >arch/foo/kernel/.gitignore
 --------------------------------------------------------------
 
-The second .gitignore prevents git from ignoring
+The second .gitignore prevents Git from ignoring
 `arch/foo/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S`.
 
 SEE ALSO
 --------
-linkgit:git-rm[1], linkgit:git-update-index[1],
-linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5]
+linkgit:git-rm[1],
+linkgit:git-update-index[1],
+linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5],
+linkgit:git-check-ignore[1]
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/gitk.txt b/Documentation/gitk.txt
index a17a354..c17e760 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitk.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitk.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-gitk - The git repository browser
+gitk - The Git repository browser
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 Historically, gitk was the first repository browser. It's written in tcl/tk
 and started off in a separate repository but was later merged into the main
-git repository.
+Git repository.
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
@@ -108,10 +108,10 @@
 
 'gitview(1)'::
 	A repository browser written in Python using Gtk. It's based on
-	'bzrk(1)' and distributed in the contrib area of the git repository.
+	'bzrk(1)' and distributed in the contrib area of the Git repository.
 
 'tig(1)'::
-	A minimal repository browser and git tool output highlighter written
+	A minimal repository browser and Git tool output highlighter written
 	in C using Ncurses.
 
 GIT
diff --git a/Documentation/gitmodules.txt b/Documentation/gitmodules.txt
index 4effd78..6a1ca4a 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitmodules.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitmodules.txt
@@ -13,16 +13,18 @@
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-The `.gitmodules` file, located in the top-level directory of a git
+The `.gitmodules` file, located in the top-level directory of a Git
 working tree, is a text file with a syntax matching the requirements
 of linkgit:git-config[1].
 
 The file contains one subsection per submodule, and the subsection value
-is the name of the submodule. Each submodule section also contains the
+is the name of the submodule. The name is set to the path where the
+submodule has been added unless it was customized with the '--name'
+option of 'git submodule add'. Each submodule section also contains the
 following required keys:
 
 submodule.<name>.path::
-	Defines the path, relative to the top-level directory of the git
+	Defines the path, relative to the top-level directory of the Git
 	working tree, where the submodule is expected to be checked out.
 	The path name must not end with a `/`. All submodule paths must
 	be unique within the .gitmodules file.
@@ -47,6 +49,11 @@
 	This config option is overridden if 'git submodule update' is given
 	the '--merge', '--rebase' or '--checkout' options.
 
+submodule.<name>.branch::
+	A remote branch name for tracking updates in the upstream submodule.
+	If the option is not specified, it defaults to 'master'.  See the
+	`--remote` documentation in linkgit:git-submodule[1] for details.
+
 submodule.<name>.fetchRecurseSubmodules::
 	This option can be used to control recursive fetching of this
 	submodule. If this option is also present in the submodules entry in
diff --git a/Documentation/gitnamespaces.txt b/Documentation/gitnamespaces.txt
index c6713cf..7685e36 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitnamespaces.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitnamespaces.txt
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 without ongoing maintenance, while namespaces do.
 
 To specify a namespace, set the `GIT_NAMESPACE` environment variable to
-the namespace.  For each ref namespace, git stores the corresponding
+the namespace.  For each ref namespace, Git stores the corresponding
 refs in a directory under `refs/namespaces/`.  For example,
 `GIT_NAMESPACE=foo` will store refs under `refs/namespaces/foo/`.  You
 can also specify namespaces via the `--namespace` option to
diff --git a/Documentation/git-remote-helpers.txt b/Documentation/gitremote-helpers.txt
similarity index 68%
rename from Documentation/git-remote-helpers.txt
rename to Documentation/gitremote-helpers.txt
index f5836e4..da74641 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-remote-helpers.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitremote-helpers.txt
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-git-remote-helpers(1)
-=====================
+gitremote-helpers(1)
+====================
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-remote-helpers - Helper programs to interact with remote repositories
+gitremote-helpers - Helper programs to interact with remote repositories
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -14,17 +14,17 @@
 -----------
 
 Remote helper programs are normally not used directly by end users,
-but they are invoked by git when it needs to interact with remote
-repositories git does not support natively.  A given helper will
-implement a subset of the capabilities documented here. When git
+but they are invoked by Git when it needs to interact with remote
+repositories Git does not support natively.  A given helper will
+implement a subset of the capabilities documented here. When Git
 needs to interact with a repository using a remote helper, it spawns
 the helper as an independent process, sends commands to the helper's
 standard input, and expects results from the helper's standard
 output. Because a remote helper runs as an independent process from
-git, there is no need to re-link git to add a new helper, nor any
-need to link the helper with the implementation of git.
+Git, there is no need to re-link Git to add a new helper, nor any
+need to link the helper with the implementation of Git.
 
-Every helper must support the "capabilities" command, which git
+Every helper must support the "capabilities" command, which Git
 uses to determine what other commands the helper will accept.  Those
 other commands can be used to discover and update remote refs,
 transport objects between the object database and the remote repository,
@@ -35,6 +35,37 @@
 'git-remote-ftp' and 'git-remote-ftps'. They implement the capabilities
 'fetch', 'option', and 'push'.
 
+INVOCATION
+----------
+
+Remote helper programs are invoked with one or (optionally) two
+arguments. The first argument specifies a remote repository as in Git;
+it is either the name of a configured remote or a URL. The second
+argument specifies a URL; it is usually of the form
+'<transport>://<address>', but any arbitrary string is possible.
+The 'GIT_DIR' environment variable is set up for the remote helper
+and can be used to determine where to store additional data or from
+which directory to invoke auxiliary Git commands.
+
+When Git encounters a URL of the form '<transport>://<address>', where
+'<transport>' is a protocol that it cannot handle natively, it
+automatically invokes 'git remote-<transport>' with the full URL as
+the second argument. If such a URL is encountered directly on the
+command line, the first argument is the same as the second, and if it
+is encountered in a configured remote, the first argument is the name
+of that remote.
+
+A URL of the form '<transport>::<address>' explicitly instructs Git to
+invoke 'git remote-<transport>' with '<address>' as the second
+argument. If such a URL is encountered directly on the command line,
+the first argument is '<address>', and if it is encountered in a
+configured remote, the first argument is the name of that remote.
+
+Additionally, when a configured remote has 'remote.<name>.vcs' set to
+'<transport>', Git explicitly invokes 'git remote-<transport>' with
+'<name>' as the first argument. If set, the second argument is
+'remote.<name>.url'; otherwise, the second argument is omitted.
+
 INPUT FORMAT
 ------------
 
@@ -54,31 +85,79 @@
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 Each remote helper is expected to support only a subset of commands.
-The operations a helper supports are declared to git in the response
+The operations a helper supports are declared to Git in the response
 to the `capabilities` command (see COMMANDS, below).
 
+In the following, we list all defined capabilities and for
+each we list which commands a helper with that capability
+must provide.
+
+Capabilities for Pushing
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+'connect'::
+	Can attempt to connect to 'git receive-pack' (for pushing),
+	'git upload-pack', etc for communication using
+	git's native packfile protocol. This
+	requires a bidirectional, full-duplex connection.
++
+Supported commands: 'connect'.
+
+'push'::
+	Can discover remote refs and push local commits and the
+	history leading up to them to new or existing remote refs.
++
+Supported commands: 'list for-push', 'push'.
+
+'export'::
+	Can discover remote refs and push specified objects from a
+	fast-import stream to remote refs.
++
+Supported commands: 'list for-push', 'export'.
+
+If a helper advertises 'connect', Git will use it if possible and
+fall back to another capability if the helper requests so when
+connecting (see the 'connect' command under COMMANDS).
+When choosing between 'push' and 'export', Git prefers 'push'.
+Other frontends may have some other order of preference.
+
+
+Capabilities for Fetching
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+'connect'::
+	Can try to connect to 'git upload-pack' (for fetching),
+	'git receive-pack', etc for communication using the
+	Git's native packfile protocol. This
+	requires a bidirectional, full-duplex connection.
++
+Supported commands: 'connect'.
+
+'fetch'::
+	Can discover remote refs and transfer objects reachable from
+	them to the local object store.
++
+Supported commands: 'list', 'fetch'.
+
+'import'::
+	Can discover remote refs and output objects reachable from
+	them as a stream in fast-import format.
++
+Supported commands: 'list', 'import'.
+
+If a helper advertises 'connect', Git will use it if possible and
+fall back to another capability if the helper requests so when
+connecting (see the 'connect' command under COMMANDS).
+When choosing between 'fetch' and 'import', Git prefers 'fetch'.
+Other frontends may have some other order of preference.
+
+Miscellaneous capabilities
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
 'option'::
 	For specifying settings like `verbosity` (how much output to
 	write to stderr) and `depth` (how much history is wanted in the
 	case of a shallow clone) that affect how other commands are
 	carried out.
 
-'connect'::
-	For fetching and pushing using git's native packfile protocol
-	that requires a bidirectional, full-duplex connection.
-
-'push'::
-	For listing remote refs and pushing specified objects from the
-	local object store to remote refs.
-
-'fetch'::
-	For listing remote refs and fetching the associated history to
-	the local object store.
-
-'import'::
-	For listing remote refs and fetching the associated history as
-	a fast-import stream.
-
 'refspec' <refspec>::
 	This modifies the 'import' capability, allowing the produced
 	fast-import stream to modify refs in a private namespace
@@ -95,100 +174,40 @@
 This capability can be advertised multiple times.  The first
 applicable refspec takes precedence.  The left-hand of refspecs
 advertised with this capability must cover all refs reported by
-the list command.  If no 'refspec' capability is advertised,
-there is an implied `refspec *:*`.
+the list command.  If a helper does not need a specific 'refspec'
+capability then it should advertise `refspec *:*`.
 
-Capabilities for Pushing
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-'connect'::
-	Can attempt to connect to 'git receive-pack' (for pushing),
-	'git upload-pack', etc for communication using the
-	packfile protocol.
-+
-Supported commands: 'connect'.
-
-'push'::
-	Can discover remote refs and push local commits and the
-	history leading up to them to new or existing remote refs.
-+
-Supported commands: 'list for-push', 'push'.
-
-If a helper advertises both 'connect' and 'push', git will use
-'connect' if possible and fall back to 'push' if the helper requests
-so when connecting (see the 'connect' command under COMMANDS).
-
-Capabilities for Fetching
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-'connect'::
-	Can try to connect to 'git upload-pack' (for fetching),
-	'git receive-pack', etc for communication using the
-	packfile protocol.
-+
-Supported commands: 'connect'.
-
-'fetch'::
-	Can discover remote refs and transfer objects reachable from
-	them to the local object store.
-+
-Supported commands: 'list', 'fetch'.
-
-'import'::
-	Can discover remote refs and output objects reachable from
-	them as a stream in fast-import format.
-+
-Supported commands: 'list', 'import'.
-
-If a helper advertises 'connect', git will use it if possible and
-fall back to another capability if the helper requests so when
-connecting (see the 'connect' command under COMMANDS).
-When choosing between 'fetch' and 'import', git prefers 'fetch'.
-Other frontends may have some other order of preference.
-
-'refspec' <refspec>::
+'bidi-import'::
 	This modifies the 'import' capability.
-+
-A helper advertising
-`refspec refs/heads/*:refs/svn/origin/branches/*`
-in its capabilities is saying that, when it handles
-`import refs/heads/topic`, the stream it outputs will update the
-`refs/svn/origin/branches/topic` ref.
-+
-This capability can be advertised multiple times.  The first
-applicable refspec takes precedence.  The left-hand of refspecs
-advertised with this capability must cover all refs reported by
-the list command.  If no 'refspec' capability is advertised,
-there is an implied `refspec *:*`.
+	The fast-import commands 'cat-blob' and 'ls' can be used by remote-helpers
+	to retrieve information about blobs and trees that already exist in
+	fast-import's memory. This requires a channel from fast-import to the
+	remote-helper.
+	If it is advertised in addition to "import", Git establishes a pipe from
+	fast-import to the remote-helper's stdin.
+	It follows that Git and fast-import are both connected to the
+	remote-helper's stdin. Because Git can send multiple commands to
+	the remote-helper it is required that helpers that use 'bidi-import'
+	buffer all 'import' commands of a batch before sending data to fast-import.
+	This is to prevent mixing commands and fast-import responses on the
+	helper's stdin.
 
-INVOCATION
-----------
+'export-marks' <file>::
+	This modifies the 'export' capability, instructing Git to dump the
+	internal marks table to <file> when complete. For details,
+	read up on '--export-marks=<file>' in linkgit:git-fast-export[1].
 
-Remote helper programs are invoked with one or (optionally) two
-arguments. The first argument specifies a remote repository as in git;
-it is either the name of a configured remote or a URL. The second
-argument specifies a URL; it is usually of the form
-'<transport>://<address>', but any arbitrary string is possible.
-The 'GIT_DIR' environment variable is set up for the remote helper
-and can be used to determine where to store additional data or from
-which directory to invoke auxiliary git commands.
+'import-marks' <file>::
+	This modifies the 'export' capability, instructing Git to load the
+	marks specified in <file> before processing any input. For details,
+	read up on '--import-marks=<file>' in linkgit:git-fast-export[1].
 
-When git encounters a URL of the form '<transport>://<address>', where
-'<transport>' is a protocol that it cannot handle natively, it
-automatically invokes 'git remote-<transport>' with the full URL as
-the second argument. If such a URL is encountered directly on the
-command line, the first argument is the same as the second, and if it
-is encountered in a configured remote, the first argument is the name
-of that remote.
+'signed-tags'::
+	This modifies the 'export' capability, instructing Git to pass
+	'--signed-tags=verbatim' to linkgit:git-fast-export[1].  In the
+	absence of this capability, Git will use '--signed-tags=warn-strip'.
 
-A URL of the form '<transport>::<address>' explicitly instructs git to
-invoke 'git remote-<transport>' with '<address>' as the second
-argument. If such a URL is encountered directly on the command line,
-the first argument is '<address>', and if it is encountered in a
-configured remote, the first argument is the name of that remote.
 
-Additionally, when a configured remote has 'remote.<name>.vcs' set to
-'<transport>', git explicitly invokes 'git remote-<transport>' with
-'<name>' as the first argument. If set, the second argument is
-'remote.<name>.url'; otherwise, the second argument is omitted.
 
 COMMANDS
 --------
@@ -198,9 +217,11 @@
 'capabilities'::
 	Lists the capabilities of the helper, one per line, ending
 	with a blank line. Each capability may be preceded with '*',
-	which marks them mandatory for git version using the remote
-	helper to understand (unknown mandatory capability is fatal
-	error).
+	which marks them mandatory for Git versions using the remote
+	helper to understand. Any unknown mandatory capability is a
+	fatal error.
++
+Support for this command is mandatory.
 
 'list'::
 	Lists the refs, one per line, in the format "<value> <name>
@@ -210,9 +231,20 @@
 	the name; unrecognized attributes are ignored. The list ends
 	with a blank line.
 +
-If 'push' is supported this may be called as 'list for-push'
-to obtain the current refs prior to sending one or more 'push'
-commands to the helper.
+See REF LIST ATTRIBUTES for a list of currently defined attributes.
++
+Supported if the helper has the "fetch" or "import" capability.
+
+'list for-push'::
+	Similar to 'list', except that it is used if and only if
+	the caller wants to the resulting ref list to prepare
+	push commands.
+	A helper supporting both push and fetch can use this
+	to distinguish for which operation the output of 'list'
+	is going to be used, possibly reducing the amount
+	of work that needs to be performed.
++
+Supported if the helper has the "push" or "export" capability.
 
 'option' <name> <value>::
 	Sets the transport helper option <name> to <value>.  Outputs a
@@ -222,6 +254,8 @@
 	for it).  Options should be set before other commands,
 	and may influence the behavior of those commands.
 +
+See OPTIONS for a list of currently defined options.
++
 Supported if the helper has the "option" capability.
 
 'fetch' <sha1> <name>::
@@ -230,7 +264,7 @@
 	per line, terminated with a blank line.
 	Outputs a single blank line when all fetch commands in the
 	same batch are complete. Only objects which were reported
-	in the ref list with a sha1 may be fetched this way.
+	in the output of 'list' with a sha1 may be fetched this way.
 +
 Optionally may output a 'lock <file>' line indicating a file under
 GIT_DIR/objects/pack which is keeping a pack until refs can be
@@ -286,8 +320,29 @@
 helper should produce a fast-import stream terminated by a 'done'
 command.
 +
+Note that if the 'bidi-import' capability is used the complete batch
+sequence has to be buffered before starting to send data to fast-import
+to prevent mixing of commands and fast-import responses on the helper's
+stdin.
++
 Supported if the helper has the "import" capability.
 
+'export'::
+	Instructs the remote helper that any subsequent input is
+	part of a fast-import stream (generated by 'git fast-export')
+	containing objects which should be pushed to the remote.
++
+Especially useful for interoperability with a foreign versioning
+system.
++
+The 'export-marks' and 'import-marks' capabilities, if specified,
+affect this command in so far as they are passed on to 'git
+fast-export', which then will load/store a table of marks for
+local objects. This can be used to implement for incremental
+operations.
++
+Supported if the helper has the "export" capability.
+
 'connect' <service>::
 	Connects to given service. Standard input and standard output
 	of helper are connected to specified service (git prefix is
@@ -313,10 +368,9 @@
 REF LIST ATTRIBUTES
 -------------------
 
-'for-push'::
-	The caller wants to use the ref list to prepare push
-	commands.  A helper might chose to acquire the ref list by
-	opening a different type of connection to the destination.
+The 'list' command produces a list of refs in which each ref
+may be followed by a list of attributes. The following ref list
+attributes are defined.
 
 'unchanged'::
 	This ref is unchanged since the last import or fetch, although
@@ -324,6 +378,10 @@
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
+
+The following options are defined and (under suitable circumstances)
+set by Git if the remote helper has the 'option' capability.
+
 'option verbosity' <n>::
 	Changes the verbosity of messages displayed by the helper.
 	A value of 0 for <n> means that processes operate
diff --git a/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt b/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt
index 5c891f1..aa03882 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt
@@ -12,12 +12,24 @@
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-You may find these things in your git repository (`.git`
-directory for a repository associated with your working tree, or
-`<project>.git` directory for a public 'bare' repository. It is
-also possible to have a working tree where `.git` is a plain
-ASCII file containing `gitdir: <path>`, i.e. the path to the
-real git repository).
+A Git repository comes in two different flavours:
+
+ * a `.git` directory at the root of the working tree;
+
+ * a `<project>.git` directory that is a 'bare' repository
+   (i.e. without its own working tree), that is typically used for
+   exchanging histories with others by pushing into it and fetching
+   from it.
+
+*Note*: Also you can have a plain text file `.git` at the root of
+your working tree, containing `gitdir: <path>` to point at the real
+directory that has the repository.  This mechanism is often used for
+a working tree of a submodule checkout, to allow you in the
+containing superproject to `git checkout` a branch that does not
+have the submodule.  The `checkout` has to remove the entire
+submodule working tree, without losing the submodule repository.
+
+These things may exist in a Git repository.
 
 objects::
 	Object store associated with this repository.  Usually
@@ -93,6 +105,12 @@
 	records tip-of-the-tree commit objects of branches copied
 	from a remote repository.
 
+refs/replace/`<obj-sha1>`::
+	records the SHA-1 of the object that replaces `<obj-sha1>`.
+	This is similar to info/grafts and is internally used and
+	maintained by linkgit:git-replace[1]. Such refs can be exchanged
+	between repositories while grafts are not.
+
 packed-refs::
 	records the same information as refs/heads/, refs/tags/,
 	and friends record in a more efficient way.  See
@@ -102,7 +120,7 @@
 	A symref (see glossary) to the `refs/heads/` namespace
 	describing the currently active branch.  It does not mean
 	much if the repository is not associated with any working tree
-	(i.e. a 'bare' repository), but a valid git repository
+	(i.e. a 'bare' repository), but a valid Git repository
 	*must* have the HEAD file; some porcelains may use it to
 	guess the designated "default" branch of the repository
 	(usually 'master').  It is legal if the named branch
@@ -125,7 +143,7 @@
 	and not likely to be found in modern repositories.
 
 hooks::
-	Hooks are customization scripts used by various git
+	Hooks are customization scripts used by various Git
 	commands.  A handful of sample hooks are installed when
 	'git init' is run, but all of them are disabled by
 	default.  To enable, the `.sample` suffix has to be
@@ -163,9 +181,13 @@
 	This file, by convention among Porcelains, stores the
 	exclude pattern list. `.gitignore` is the per-directory
 	ignore file.  'git status', 'git add', 'git rm' and
-	'git clean' look at it but the core git commands do not look
+	'git clean' look at it but the core Git commands do not look
 	at it.  See also: linkgit:gitignore[5].
 
+info/sparse-checkout::
+	This file stores sparse checkout patterns.
+	See also: linkgit:git-read-tree[1].
+
 remotes::
 	Stores shorthands for URL and default refnames for use
 	when interacting with remote repositories via 'git fetch',
@@ -189,6 +211,9 @@
 	and maintained by shallow clone mechanism.  See `--depth`
 	option to linkgit:git-clone[1] and linkgit:git-fetch[1].
 
+modules::
+	Contains the git-repositories of the submodules.
+
 SEE ALSO
 --------
 linkgit:git-init[1],
diff --git a/Documentation/gitrevisions.txt b/Documentation/gitrevisions.txt
index fc4789f..c0ed6d1 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitrevisions.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitrevisions.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-gitrevisions - specifying revisions and ranges for git
+gitrevisions - specifying revisions and ranges for Git
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
diff --git a/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt b/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt
index e00a4d2..3109ea8 100644
--- a/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-gittutorial-2 - A tutorial introduction to git: part two
+gittutorial-2 - A tutorial introduction to Git: part two
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@
 You should work through linkgit:gittutorial[7] before reading this tutorial.
 
 The goal of this tutorial is to introduce two fundamental pieces of
-git's architecture--the object database and the index file--and to
+Git's architecture--the object database and the index file--and to
 provide the reader with everything necessary to understand the rest
-of the git documentation.
+of the Git documentation.
 
-The git object database
+The Git object database
 -----------------------
 
 Let's start a new project and create a small amount of history:
@@ -42,25 +42,25 @@
  1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-What are the 7 digits of hex that git responded to the commit with?
+What are the 7 digits of hex that Git responded to the commit with?
 
 We saw in part one of the tutorial that commits have names like this.
-It turns out that every object in the git history is stored under
-a 40-digit hex name.  That name is the SHA1 hash of the object's
-contents; among other things, this ensures that git will never store
-the same data twice (since identical data is given an identical SHA1
-name), and that the contents of a git object will never change (since
+It turns out that every object in the Git history is stored under
+a 40-digit hex name.  That name is the SHA-1 hash of the object's
+contents; among other things, this ensures that Git will never store
+the same data twice (since identical data is given an identical SHA-1
+name), and that the contents of a Git object will never change (since
 that would change the object's name as well). The 7 char hex strings
 here are simply the abbreviation of such 40 character long strings.
 Abbreviations can be used everywhere where the 40 character strings
 can be used, so long as they are unambiguous.
 
 It is expected that the content of the commit object you created while
-following the example above generates a different SHA1 hash than
+following the example above generates a different SHA-1 hash than
 the one shown above because the commit object records the time when
 it was created and the name of the person performing the commit.
 
-We can ask git about this particular object with the `cat-file`
+We can ask Git about this particular object with the `cat-file`
 command. Don't copy the 40 hex digits from this example but use those
 from your own version. Note that you can shorten it to only a few
 characters to save yourself typing all 40 hex digits:
@@ -80,14 +80,14 @@
 a file.  In addition, a tree can also refer to other tree objects,
 thus creating a directory hierarchy.  You can examine the contents of
 any tree using ls-tree (remember that a long enough initial portion
-of the SHA1 will also work):
+of the SHA-1 will also work):
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git ls-tree 92b8b694
 100644 blob 3b18e512dba79e4c8300dd08aeb37f8e728b8dad    file.txt
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-Thus we see that this tree has one file in it.  The SHA1 hash is a
+Thus we see that this tree has one file in it.  The SHA-1 hash is a
 reference to that file's data:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
@@ -102,11 +102,11 @@
 hello world
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-Note that this is the old file data; so the object that git named in
+Note that this is the old file data; so the object that Git named in
 its response to the initial tree was a tree with a snapshot of the
 directory state that was recorded by the first commit.
 
-All of these objects are stored under their SHA1 names inside the git
+All of these objects are stored under their SHA-1 names inside the Git
 directory:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@
 
 As you can see, this tells us which branch we're currently on, and it
 tells us this by naming a file under the .git directory, which itself
-contains a SHA1 name referring to a commit object, which we can
+contains a SHA-1 name referring to a commit object, which we can
 examine with cat-file:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@
 is a "tag", which we won't discuss here; refer to linkgit:git-tag[1]
 for details.
 
-So now we know how git uses the object database to represent a
+So now we know how Git uses the object database to represent a
 project's history:
 
   * "commit" objects refer to "tree" objects representing the
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@
 
 Note, by the way, that lots of commands take a tree as an argument.
 But as we can see above, a tree can be referred to in many different
-ways--by the SHA1 name for that tree, by the name of a commit that
+ways--by the SHA-1 name for that tree, by the name of a commit that
 refers to the tree, by the name of a branch whose head refers to that
 tree, etc.--and most such commands can accept any of these names.
 
@@ -403,21 +403,21 @@
 
 At this point you should know everything necessary to read the man
 pages for any of the git commands; one good place to start would be
-with the commands mentioned in link:everyday.html[Everyday git].  You
+with the commands mentioned in link:everyday.html[Everyday Git].  You
 should be able to find any unknown jargon in linkgit:gitglossary[7].
 
 The link:user-manual.html[Git User's Manual] provides a more
-comprehensive introduction to git.
+comprehensive introduction to Git.
 
 linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7] explains how to
-import a CVS repository into git, and shows how to use git in a
+import a CVS repository into Git, and shows how to use Git in a
 CVS-like way.
 
-For some interesting examples of git use, see the
+For some interesting examples of Git use, see the
 link:howto-index.html[howtos].
 
-For git developers, linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7] goes
-into detail on the lower-level git mechanisms involved in, for
+For Git developers, linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7] goes
+into detail on the lower-level Git mechanisms involved in, for
 example, creating a new commit.
 
 SEE ALSO
@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@
 linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7],
 linkgit:gitglossary[7],
 linkgit:git-help[1],
-link:everyday.html[Everyday git],
+link:everyday.html[Everyday Git],
 link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual]
 
 GIT
diff --git a/Documentation/gittutorial.txt b/Documentation/gittutorial.txt
index dee0505..8262196 100644
--- a/Documentation/gittutorial.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gittutorial.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-gittutorial - A tutorial introduction to git (for version 1.5.1 or newer)
+gittutorial - A tutorial introduction to Git (for version 1.5.1 or newer)
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-This tutorial explains how to import a new project into git, make
+This tutorial explains how to import a new project into Git, make
 changes to it, and share changes with other developers.
 
-If you are instead primarily interested in using git to fetch a project,
+If you are instead primarily interested in using Git to fetch a project,
 for example, to test the latest version, you may prefer to start with
 the first two chapters of link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual].
 
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
 With the latter, you can use the manual viewer of your choice; see
 linkgit:git-help[1] for more information.
 
-It is a good idea to introduce yourself to git with your name and
+It is a good idea to introduce yourself to Git with your name and
 public email address before doing any operation.  The easiest
 way to do so is:
 
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
 -----------------------
 
 Assume you have a tarball project.tar.gz with your initial work.  You
-can place it under git revision control as follows.
+can place it under Git revision control as follows.
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ tar xzf project.tar.gz
@@ -67,14 +67,14 @@
 You've now initialized the working directory--you may notice a new
 directory created, named ".git".
 
-Next, tell git to take a snapshot of the contents of all files under the
+Next, tell Git to take a snapshot of the contents of all files under the
 current directory (note the '.'), with 'git add':
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git add .
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-This snapshot is now stored in a temporary staging area which git calls
+This snapshot is now stored in a temporary staging area which Git calls
 the "index".  You can permanently store the contents of the index in the
 repository with 'git commit':
 
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@
 ------------------------------------------------
 
 This will prompt you for a commit message.  You've now stored the first
-version of your project in git.
+version of your project in Git.
 
 Making changes
 --------------
@@ -139,9 +139,11 @@
 A note on commit messages: Though not required, it's a good idea to
 begin the commit message with a single short (less than 50 character)
 line summarizing the change, followed by a blank line and then a more
-thorough description.  Tools that turn commits into email, for
-example, use the first line on the Subject: line and the rest of the
-commit in the body.
+thorough description. The text up to the first blank line in a commit
+message is treated as the commit title, and that title is used
+throughout Git.  For example, linkgit:git-format-patch[1] turns a
+commit into email, and it uses the title on the Subject line and the
+rest of the commit in the body.
 
 Git tracks content not files
 ----------------------------
@@ -178,7 +180,7 @@
 Managing branches
 -----------------
 
-A single git repository can maintain multiple branches of
+A single Git repository can maintain multiple branches of
 development.  To create a new branch named "experimental", use
 
 ------------------------------------------------
@@ -274,10 +276,10 @@
 Branches are cheap and easy, so this is a good way to try something
 out.
 
-Using git for collaboration
+Using Git for collaboration
 ---------------------------
 
-Suppose that Alice has started a new project with a git repository in
+Suppose that Alice has started a new project with a Git repository in
 /home/alice/project, and that Bob, who has a home directory on the
 same machine, wants to contribute.
 
@@ -318,7 +320,7 @@
 initiating this "pull".  If Bob's work conflicts with what Alice did since
 their histories forked, Alice will use her working tree and the index to
 resolve conflicts, and existing local changes will interfere with the
-conflict resolution process (git will still perform the fetch but will
+conflict resolution process (Git will still perform the fetch but will
 refuse to merge --- Alice will have to get rid of her local changes in
 some way and pull again when this happens).
 
@@ -420,7 +422,7 @@
 -------------------------------------
 
 Note that he doesn't need to give the path to Alice's repository;
-when Bob cloned Alice's repository, git stored the location of her
+when Bob cloned Alice's repository, Git stored the location of her
 repository in the repository configuration, and that location is
 used for pulls:
 
@@ -448,7 +450,7 @@
 bob$ git clone alice.org:/home/alice/project myrepo
 -------------------------------------
 
-Alternatively, git has a native protocol, or can use rsync or http;
+Alternatively, Git has a native protocol, or can use rsync or http;
 see linkgit:git-pull[1] for details.
 
 Git can also be used in a CVS-like mode, with a central repository
@@ -516,7 +518,7 @@
 version), you should create a "tag" object, and perhaps sign it; see
 linkgit:git-tag[1] for details.
 
-Any git command that needs to know a commit can take any of these
+Any Git command that needs to know a commit can take any of these
 names.  For example:
 
 -------------------------------------
@@ -552,9 +554,9 @@
 $ git grep "hello"
 -------------------------------------
 
-is a quick way to search just the files that are tracked by git.
+is a quick way to search just the files that are tracked by Git.
 
-Many git commands also take sets of commits, which can be specified
+Many Git commands also take sets of commits, which can be specified
 in a number of ways.  Here are some examples with 'git log':
 
 -------------------------------------
@@ -590,7 +592,7 @@
 those commits is meaningless.
 
 Most projects with multiple contributors (such as the Linux kernel,
-or git itself) have frequent merges, and 'gitk' does a better job of
+or Git itself) have frequent merges, and 'gitk' does a better job of
 visualizing their history.  For example,
 
 -------------------------------------
@@ -621,7 +623,7 @@
 
 This tutorial should be enough to perform basic distributed revision
 control for your projects.  However, to fully understand the depth
-and power of git you need to understand two simple ideas on which it
+and power of Git you need to understand two simple ideas on which it
 is based:
 
   * The object database is the rather elegant system used to
@@ -634,7 +636,7 @@
 
 Part two of this tutorial explains the object
 database, the index file, and a few other odds and ends that you'll
-need to make the most of git. You can find it at linkgit:gittutorial-2[7].
+need to make the most of Git. You can find it at linkgit:gittutorial-2[7].
 
 If you don't want to continue with that right away, a few other
 digressions that may be interesting at this point are:
@@ -654,7 +656,7 @@
   * linkgit:gitworkflows[7]: Gives an overview of recommended
     workflows.
 
-  * link:everyday.html[Everyday GIT with 20 Commands Or So]
+  * link:everyday.html[Everyday Git with 20 Commands Or So]
 
   * linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7]: Git for CVS users.
 
@@ -666,7 +668,7 @@
 linkgit:gitglossary[7],
 linkgit:git-help[1],
 linkgit:gitworkflows[7],
-link:everyday.html[Everyday git],
+link:everyday.html[Everyday Git],
 link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual]
 
 GIT
diff --git a/Documentation/gitweb.conf.txt b/Documentation/gitweb.conf.txt
index b9dd567..ea0526e 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitweb.conf.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitweb.conf.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-gitweb.conf - Gitweb (git web interface) configuration file
+gitweb.conf - Gitweb (Git web interface) configuration file
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@
 You can include other configuration file using read_config_file()
 subroutine.  For example, one might want to put gitweb configuration
 related to access control for viewing repositories via Gitolite (one
-of git repository management tools) in a separate file, e.g. in
+of Git repository management tools) in a separate file, e.g. in
 '/etc/gitweb-gitolite.conf'.  To include it, put
 
 --------------------------------------------------
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@
 Location of repositories
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 The configuration variables described below control how gitweb finds
-git repositories, and how repositories are displayed and accessed.
+Git repositories, and how repositories are displayed and accessed.
 
 See also "Repositories" and later subsections in linkgit:gitweb[1] manpage.
 
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@
 
 $project_maxdepth::
 	If `$projects_list` variable is unset, gitweb will recursively
-	scan filesystem for git repositories.  The `$project_maxdepth`
+	scan filesystem for Git repositories.  The `$project_maxdepth`
 	is used to limit traversing depth, relative to `$projectroot`
 	(starting point); it means that directories which are further
 	from `$projectroot` than `$project_maxdepth` will be skipped.
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 +
 If not set (default), it means that this feature is disabled.
 +
-See also more involved example in "Controlling access to git repositories"
+See also more involved example in "Controlling access to Git repositories"
 subsection on linkgit:gitweb[1] manpage.
 
 $strict_export::
@@ -222,18 +222,18 @@
 
 $GIT::
 	Core git executable to use.  By default set to `$GIT_BINDIR/git`, which
-	in turn is by default set to `$(bindir)/git`.  If you use git installed
+	in turn is by default set to `$(bindir)/git`.  If you use Git installed
 	from a binary package, you should usually set this to "/usr/bin/git".
 	This can just be "git" if your web server has a sensible PATH; from
 	security point of view it is better to use absolute path to git binary.
-	If you have multiple git versions installed it can be used to choose
+	If you have multiple Git versions installed it can be used to choose
 	which one to use.  Must be (correctly) set for gitweb to be able to
 	work.
 
 $mimetypes_file::
 	File to use for (filename extension based) guessing of MIME types before
 	trying '/etc/mime.types'.  *NOTE* that this path, if relative, is taken
-	as relative to the current git repository, not to CGI script.  If unset,
+	as relative to the current Git repository, not to CGI script.  If unset,
 	only '/etc/mime.types' is used (if present on filesystem).  If no mimetypes
 	file is found, mimetype guessing based on extension of file is disabled.
 	Unset by default.
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@
 	By default set to 'highlight'; set it to full path to highlight
 	executable if it is not installed on your web server's PATH.
 	Note that 'highlight' feature must be set for gitweb to actually
-	use syntax hightlighting.
+	use syntax highlighting.
 +
 *NOTE*: if you want to add support for new file type (supported by
 "highlight" but not used by gitweb), you need to modify `%highlight_ext`
@@ -343,8 +343,8 @@
 $logo_label::
 	URI and label (title) for the Git logo link (or your site logo,
 	if you chose to use different logo image). By default, these both
-	refer to git homepage, http://git-scm.com[]; in the past, they pointed
-	to git documentation at http://www.kernel.org[].
+	refer to Git homepage, http://git-scm.com[]; in the past, they pointed
+	to Git documentation at http://www.kernel.org[].
 
 
 Changing gitweb's look
@@ -436,7 +436,7 @@
 	detection.
 +
 *Note* that rename and especially copy detection can be quite
-CPU-intensive.  Note also that non git tools can have problems with
+CPU-intensive.  Note also that non Git tools can have problems with
 patches generated with options mentioned above, especially when they
 involve file copies (\'-C') or criss-cross renames (\'-B').
 
@@ -451,7 +451,7 @@
 affects how "summary" pages look like, or load limiting).
 
 @git_base_url_list::
-	List of git base URLs.  These URLs are used to generate URLs
+	List of Git base URLs.  These URLs are used to generate URLs
 	describing from where to fetch a project, which are shown on
 	project summary page.  The full fetch URL is "`$git_base_url/$project`",
 	for each element of this list. You can set up multiple base URLs
@@ -616,7 +616,7 @@
 	(or enabled/disabled) on a per-repository basis.
 +
 Usually given "<feature>" is configurable via the `gitweb.<feature>`
-config variable in the per-repository git configuration file.
+config variable in the per-repository Git configuration file.
 +
 *Note* that no feature is overriddable by default.
 
@@ -782,7 +782,7 @@
 (\'hb' gitweb parameter); `%%` expands to \'%'.
 +
 For example, at the time this page was written, the http://repo.or.cz[]
-git hosting site set it to the following to enable graphical log
+Git hosting site set it to the following to enable graphical log
 (using the third party tool *git-browser*):
 +
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -796,10 +796,10 @@
 Project specific override is not supported.
 
 timed::
-	Enable displaying how much time and how many git commands it took to
+	Enable displaying how much time and how many Git commands it took to
 	generate and display each page in the page footer (at the bottom of
 	page).  For example the footer might contain: "This page took 6.53325
-	seconds and 13 git commands to generate."  Disabled by default.
+	seconds and 13 Git commands to generate."  Disabled by default.
 +
 Project specific override is not supported.
 
@@ -857,6 +857,13 @@
 	$known_snapshot_formats{'zip'}{'disabled'} = 1;
 	$known_snapshot_formats{'tgz'}{'compressor'} = ['gzip','-6'];
 
+BUGS
+----
+Debugging would be easier if the fallback configuration file
+(`/etc/gitweb.conf`) and environment variable to override its location
+('GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM') had names reflecting their "fallback" role.
+The current names are kept to avoid breaking working setups.
+
 ENVIRONMENT
 -----------
 The location of per-instance and system-wide configuration files can be
diff --git a/Documentation/gitweb.txt b/Documentation/gitweb.txt
index 168e8bf..40969f1 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitweb.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitweb.txt
@@ -7,14 +7,14 @@
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
-To get started with gitweb, run linkgit:git-instaweb[1] from a git repository.
+To get started with gitweb, run linkgit:git-instaweb[1] from a Git repository.
 This would configure and start your web server, and run web browser pointing to
 gitweb.
 
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Gitweb provides a web interface to git repositories.  Its features include:
+Gitweb provides a web interface to Git repositories.  Its features include:
 
 * Viewing multiple Git repositories with common root.
 * Browsing every revision of the repository.
@@ -54,9 +54,9 @@
 The default value for `$projectroot` is '/pub/git'.  You can change it during
 building gitweb via `GITWEB_PROJECTROOT` build configuration variable.
 
-By default all git repositories under `$projectroot` are visible and available
+By default all Git repositories under `$projectroot` are visible and available
 to gitweb.  The list of projects is generated by default by scanning the
-`$projectroot` directory for git repositories (for object databases to be
+`$projectroot` directory for Git repositories (for object databases to be
 more exact; gitweb is not interested in a working area, and is best suited
 to showing "bare" repositories).
 
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@
 
 
 By default this file controls only which projects are *visible* on projects
-list page (note that entries that do not point to correctly recognized git
+list page (note that entries that do not point to correctly recognized Git
 repositories won't be displayed by gitweb).  Even if a project is not
 visible on projects list page, you can view it nevertheless by hand-crafting
 a gitweb URL.  By setting `$strict_export` configuration variable (see
@@ -151,9 +151,9 @@
 filename.
 
 
-Controlling access to git repositories
+Controlling access to Git repositories
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-By default all git repositories under `$projectroot` are visible and
+By default all Git repositories under `$projectroot` are visible and
 available to gitweb.  You can however configure how gitweb controls access
 to repositories.
 
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@
 Per-repository gitweb configuration
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 You can configure individual repositories shown in gitweb by creating file
-in the 'GIT_DIR' of git repository, or by setting some repo configuration
+in the 'GIT_DIR' of Git repository, or by setting some repo configuration
 variable (in 'GIT_DIR/config', see linkgit:git-config[1]).
 
 You can use the following files in repository:
@@ -504,7 +504,7 @@
 
 The above configuration expects your public repositories to live under
 '/pub/git' and will serve them as `http://git.domain.org/dir-under-pub-git`,
-both as cloneable GIT URL and as browseable gitweb interface.  If you then
+both as cloneable Git URL and as browseable gitweb interface.  If you then
 start your linkgit:git-daemon[1] with `--base-path=/pub/git --export-all`
 then you can even use the `git://` URL with exactly the same path.
 
@@ -584,7 +584,7 @@
 referenced by `$per_request_config`;
 
 These configurations enable two things. First, each unix user (`<user>`) of
-the server will be able to browse through gitweb git repositories found in
+the server will be able to browse through gitweb Git repositories found in
 '~/public_git/' with the following url:
 
   http://git.example.org/~<user>/
@@ -673,7 +673,7 @@
 
   http://git.example.com/project.git
 
-will give raw access to the project's git dir (so that the project can be
+will give raw access to the project's Git dir (so that the project can be
 cloned), while
 
   http://git.example.com/project
diff --git a/Documentation/gitworkflows.txt b/Documentation/gitworkflows.txt
index 8b8c6ae..f16c414 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitworkflows.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitworkflows.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-gitworkflows - An overview of recommended workflows with git
+gitworkflows - An overview of recommended workflows with Git
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -242,10 +242,10 @@
 .Release tagging
 [caption="Recipe: "]
 =====================================
-`git tag -s -m "GIT X.Y.Z" vX.Y.Z master`
+`git tag -s -m "Git X.Y.Z" vX.Y.Z master`
 =====================================
 
-You need to push the new tag to a public git server (see
+You need to push the new tag to a public Git server (see
 "DISTRIBUTED WORKFLOWS" below). This makes the tag available to
 others tracking your project. The push could also trigger a
 post-update hook to perform release-related items such as building
diff --git a/Documentation/glossary-content.txt b/Documentation/glossary-content.txt
index 3595b58..db2a74d 100644
--- a/Documentation/glossary-content.txt
+++ b/Documentation/glossary-content.txt
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 	A bare repository is normally an appropriately
 	named <<def_directory,directory>> with a `.git` suffix that does not
 	have a locally checked-out copy of any of the files under
-	revision control. That is, all of the `git`
+	revision control. That is, all of the Git
 	administrative and control files that would normally be present in the
 	hidden `.git` sub-directory are directly present in the
 	`repository.git` directory instead,
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 	<<def_commit,commit>> on a branch is referred to as the tip of
 	that branch.  The tip of the branch is referenced by a branch
 	<<def_head,head>>, which moves forward as additional development
-	is done on the branch.  A single git
+	is done on the branch.  A single Git
 	<<def_repository,repository>> can track an arbitrary number of
 	branches, but your <<def_working_tree,working tree>> is
 	associated with just one of them (the "current" or "checked out"
@@ -37,9 +37,9 @@
 	<<def_commit,commit>> could be one of its <<def_parent,parents>>).
 
 [[def_changeset]]changeset::
-	BitKeeper/cvsps speak for "<<def_commit,commit>>". Since git does not
+	BitKeeper/cvsps speak for "<<def_commit,commit>>". Since Git does not
 	store changes, but states, it really does not make sense to use the term
-	"changesets" with git.
+	"changesets" with Git.
 
 [[def_checkout]]checkout::
 	The action of updating all or part of the
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
 [[def_cherry-picking]]cherry-picking::
 	In <<def_SCM,SCM>> jargon, "cherry pick" means to choose a subset of
 	changes out of a series of changes (typically commits) and record them
-	as a new series of changes on top of a different codebase. In GIT, this is
+	as a new series of changes on top of a different codebase. In Git, this is
 	performed by the "git cherry-pick" command to extract the change introduced
 	by an existing <<def_commit,commit>> and to record it based on the tip
 	of the current <<def_branch,branch>> as a new commit.
@@ -64,14 +64,14 @@
 
 [[def_commit]]commit::
 	As a noun: A single point in the
-	git history; the entire history of a project is represented as a
+	Git history; the entire history of a project is represented as a
 	set of interrelated commits.  The word "commit" is often
-	used by git in the same places other revision control systems
+	used by Git in the same places other revision control systems
 	use the words "revision" or "version".  Also used as a short
 	hand for <<def_commit_object,commit object>>.
 +
 As a verb: The action of storing a new snapshot of the project's
-state in the git history, by creating a new commit representing the current
+state in the Git history, by creating a new commit representing the current
 state of the <<def_index,index>> and advancing <<def_HEAD,HEAD>>
 to point at the new commit.
 
@@ -82,8 +82,8 @@
 	to the top <<def_directory,directory>> of the stored
 	revision.
 
-[[def_core_git]]core git::
-	Fundamental data structures and utilities of git. Exposes only limited
+[[def_core_git]]core Git::
+	Fundamental data structures and utilities of Git. Exposes only limited
 	source code management tools.
 
 [[def_DAG]]DAG::
@@ -100,12 +100,22 @@
 
 [[def_detached_HEAD]]detached HEAD::
 	Normally the <<def_HEAD,HEAD>> stores the name of a
-	<<def_branch,branch>>.  However, git also allows you to <<def_checkout,check out>>
-	an arbitrary <<def_commit,commit>> that isn't necessarily the tip of any
-	particular branch.  In this case HEAD is said to be "detached".
-
-[[def_dircache]]dircache::
-	You are *waaaaay* behind. See <<def_index,index>>.
+	<<def_branch,branch>>, and commands that operate on the
+	history HEAD represents operate on the history leading to the
+	tip of the branch the HEAD points at.  However, Git also
+	allows you to <<def_checkout,check out>> an arbitrary
+	<<def_commit,commit>> that isn't necessarily the tip of any
+	particular branch.  The HEAD in such a state is called
+	"detached".
++
+Note that commands that operate on the history of the current branch
+(e.g. `git commit` to build a new history on top of it) still work
+while the HEAD is detached. They update the HEAD to point at the tip
+of the updated history without affecting any branch.  Commands that
+update or inquire information _about_ the current branch (e.g. `git
+branch --set-upstream-to` that sets what remote tracking branch the
+current branch integrates with) obviously do not work, as there is no
+(real) current branch to ask about in this state.
 
 [[def_directory]]directory::
 	The list you get with "ls" :-)
@@ -115,11 +125,6 @@
 	it contains modifications which have not been <<def_commit,committed>> to the current
 	<<def_branch,branch>>.
 
-[[def_ent]]ent::
-	Favorite synonym to "<<def_tree-ish,tree-ish>>" by some total geeks. See
-	`http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ent_(Middle-earth)` for an in-depth
-	explanation. Avoid this term, not to confuse people.
-
 [[def_evil_merge]]evil merge::
 	An evil merge is a <<def_merge,merge>> that introduces changes that
 	do not appear in any <<def_parent,parent>>.
@@ -142,22 +147,26 @@
 	and to get them, too.  See also linkgit:git-fetch[1].
 
 [[def_file_system]]file system::
-	Linus Torvalds originally designed git to be a user space file system,
+	Linus Torvalds originally designed Git to be a user space file system,
 	i.e. the infrastructure to hold files and directories. That ensured the
-	efficiency and speed of git.
+	efficiency and speed of Git.
 
-[[def_git_archive]]git archive::
+[[def_git_archive]]Git archive::
 	Synonym for <<def_repository,repository>> (for arch people).
 
+[[def_gitfile]]gitfile::
+	A plain file `.git` at the root of a working tree that
+	points at the directory that is the real repository.
+
 [[def_grafts]]grafts::
 	Grafts enables two otherwise different lines of development to be joined
 	together by recording fake ancestry information for commits. This way
-	you can make git pretend the set of <<def_parent,parents>> a <<def_commit,commit>> has
+	you can make Git pretend the set of <<def_parent,parents>> a <<def_commit,commit>> has
 	is different from what was recorded when the commit was
 	created. Configured via the `.git/info/grafts` file.
 
 [[def_hash]]hash::
-	In git's context, synonym to <<def_object_name,object name>>.
+	In Git's context, synonym for <<def_object_name,object name>>.
 
 [[def_head]]head::
 	A <<def_ref,named reference>> to the <<def_commit,commit>> at the tip of a
@@ -177,14 +186,14 @@
 	A synonym for <<def_head,head>>.
 
 [[def_hook]]hook::
-	During the normal execution of several git commands, call-outs are made
+	During the normal execution of several Git commands, call-outs are made
 	to optional scripts that allow a developer to add functionality or
 	checking. Typically, the hooks allow for a command to be pre-verified
 	and potentially aborted, and allow for a post-notification after the
 	operation is done. The hook scripts are found in the
 	`$GIT_DIR/hooks/` directory, and are enabled by simply
 	removing the `.sample` suffix from the filename. In earlier versions
-	of git you had to make them executable.
+	of Git you had to make them executable.
 
 [[def_index]]index::
 	A collection of files with stat information, whose contents are stored
@@ -201,7 +210,7 @@
 
 [[def_master]]master::
 	The default development <<def_branch,branch>>. Whenever you
-	create a git <<def_repository,repository>>, a branch named
+	create a Git <<def_repository,repository>>, a branch named
 	"master" is created, and becomes the active branch. In most
 	cases, this contains the local development, though that is
 	purely by convention and is not required.
@@ -228,8 +237,8 @@
 "merge".
 
 [[def_object]]object::
-	The unit of storage in git. It is uniquely identified by the
-	<<def_SHA1,SHA1>> of its contents. Consequently, an
+	The unit of storage in Git. It is uniquely identified by the
+	<<def_SHA1,SHA-1>> of its contents. Consequently, an
 	object can not be changed.
 
 [[def_object_database]]object database::
@@ -241,10 +250,9 @@
 	Synonym for <<def_object_name,object name>>.
 
 [[def_object_name]]object name::
-	The unique identifier of an <<def_object,object>>. The <<def_hash,hash>>
-	of the object's contents using the Secure Hash Algorithm
-	1 and usually represented by the 40 character hexadecimal encoding of
-	the <<def_hash,hash>> of the object.
+	The unique identifier of an <<def_object,object>>.  The
+	object name is usually represented by a 40 character
+	hexadecimal string.  Also colloquially called <<def_SHA1,SHA-1>>.
 
 [[def_object_type]]object type::
 	One of the identifiers "<<def_commit_object,commit>>",
@@ -253,8 +261,7 @@
 	<<def_object,object>>.
 
 [[def_octopus]]octopus::
-	To <<def_merge,merge>> more than two <<def_branch,branches>>. Also denotes an
-	intelligent predator.
+	To <<def_merge,merge>> more than two <<def_branch,branches>>.
 
 [[def_origin]]origin::
 	The default upstream <<def_repository,repository>>. Most projects have
@@ -274,7 +281,7 @@
 	pack.
 
 [[def_pathspec]]pathspec::
-       Pattern used to specify paths.
+	Pattern used to limit paths in Git commands.
 +
 Pathspecs are used on the command line of "git ls-files", "git
 ls-tree", "git add", "git grep", "git diff", "git checkout",
@@ -283,6 +290,8 @@
 worktree.  See the documentation of each command for whether
 paths are relative to the current directory or toplevel.  The
 pathspec syntax is as follows:
++
+--
 
 * any path matches itself
 * the pathspec up to the last slash represents a
@@ -292,11 +301,12 @@
   of the pathname.  Paths relative to the directory
   prefix will be matched against that pattern using fnmatch(3);
   in particular, '*' and '?' _can_ match directory separators.
+
+--
 +
 For example, Documentation/*.jpg will match all .jpg files
 in the Documentation subtree,
 including Documentation/chapter_1/figure_1.jpg.
-
 +
 A pathspec that begins with a colon `:` has special meaning.  In the
 short form, the leading colon `:` is followed by zero or more "magic
@@ -312,18 +322,10 @@
 against the path.
 +
 The "magic signature" consists of an ASCII symbol that is not
-alphanumeric.
-+
---
-top `/`;;
-	The magic word `top` (mnemonic: `/`) makes the pattern match
-	from the root of the working tree, even when you are running
-	the command from inside a subdirectory.
---
-+
-Currently only the slash `/` is recognized as the "magic signature",
-but it is envisioned that we will support more types of magic in later
-versions of git.
+alphanumeric. Currently only the slash `/` is recognized as a
+"magic signature": it makes the pattern match from the root of
+the working tree, even when you are running the command from
+inside a subdirectory.
 +
 A pathspec with only a colon means "there is no pathspec". This form
 should not be combined with other pathspec.
@@ -341,12 +343,12 @@
 	particular line of text. See linkgit:git-diff[1].
 
 [[def_plumbing]]plumbing::
-	Cute name for <<def_core_git,core git>>.
+	Cute name for <<def_core_git,core Git>>.
 
 [[def_porcelain]]porcelain::
 	Cute name for programs and program suites depending on
-	<<def_core_git,core git>>, presenting a high level access to
-	core git. Porcelains expose more of a <<def_SCM,SCM>>
+	<<def_core_git,core Git>>, presenting a high level access to
+	core Git. Porcelains expose more of a <<def_SCM,SCM>>
 	interface than the <<def_plumbing,plumbing>>.
 
 [[def_pull]]pull::
@@ -381,7 +383,7 @@
 	to the result.
 
 [[def_ref]]ref::
-	A 40-byte hex representation of a <<def_SHA1,SHA1>> or a name that
+	A 40-byte hex representation of a <<def_SHA1,SHA-1>> or a name that
 	denotes a particular <<def_object,object>>. They may be stored in
 	a file under `$GIT_DIR/refs/` directory, or
 	in the `$GIT_DIR/packed-refs` file.
@@ -395,23 +397,16 @@
 [[def_refspec]]refspec::
 	A "refspec" is used by <<def_fetch,fetch>> and
 	<<def_push,push>> to describe the mapping between remote
-	<<def_ref,ref>> and local ref. They are combined with a colon in
-	the format <src>:<dst>, preceded by an optional plus sign, +.
-	For example: `git fetch $URL
-	refs/heads/master:refs/heads/origin` means "grab the master
-	<<def_branch,branch>> <<def_head,head>> from the $URL and store
-	it as my origin branch head". And `git push
-	$URL refs/heads/master:refs/heads/to-upstream` means "publish my
-	master branch head as to-upstream branch at $URL". See also
-	linkgit:git-push[1].
+	<<def_ref,ref>> and local ref.
 
 [[def_remote_tracking_branch]]remote-tracking branch::
-	A regular git <<def_branch,branch>> that is used to follow changes from
-	another <<def_repository,repository>>. A remote-tracking
-	branch should not contain direct modifications or have local commits
-	made to it. A remote-tracking branch can usually be
-	identified as the right-hand-side <<def_ref,ref>> in a Pull:
-	<<def_refspec,refspec>>.
+	A <<def_ref,ref>> that is used to follow changes from another
+	<<def_repository,repository>>. It typically looks like
+	'refs/remotes/foo/bar' (indicating that it tracks a branch named
+	'bar' in a remote named 'foo'), and matches the right-hand-side of
+	a configured fetch <<def_refspec,refspec>>. A remote-tracking
+	branch should not contain direct modifications or have local
+	commits made to it.
 
 [[def_repository]]repository::
 	A collection of <<def_ref,refs>> together with an
@@ -426,9 +421,7 @@
 	<<def_merge,merge>> left behind.
 
 [[def_revision]]revision::
-	A particular state of files and directories which was stored in the
-	<<def_object_database,object database>>. It is referenced by a
-	<<def_commit_object,commit object>>.
+	Synonym for <<def_commit,commit>> (the noun).
 
 [[def_rewind]]rewind::
 	To throw away part of the development, i.e. to assign the
@@ -437,13 +430,14 @@
 [[def_SCM]]SCM::
 	Source code management (tool).
 
-[[def_SHA1]]SHA1::
-	Synonym for <<def_object_name,object name>>.
+[[def_SHA1]]SHA-1::
+	"Secure Hash Algorithm 1"; a cryptographic hash function.
+	In the context of Git used as a synonym for <<def_object_name,object name>>.
 
 [[def_shallow_repository]]shallow repository::
 	A shallow <<def_repository,repository>> has an incomplete
 	history some of whose <<def_commit,commits>> have <<def_parent,parents>> cauterized away (in other
-	words, git is told to pretend that these commits do not have the
+	words, Git is told to pretend that these commits do not have the
 	parents, even though they are recorded in the <<def_commit_object,commit
 	object>>). This is sometimes useful when you are interested only in the
 	recent history of a project even though the real history recorded in the
@@ -452,7 +446,7 @@
 	its history can be later deepened with linkgit:git-fetch[1].
 
 [[def_symref]]symref::
-	Symbolic reference: instead of containing the <<def_SHA1,SHA1>>
+	Symbolic reference: instead of containing the <<def_SHA1,SHA-1>>
 	id itself, it is of the format 'ref: refs/some/thing' and when
 	referenced, it recursively dereferences to this reference.
 	'<<def_HEAD,HEAD>>' is a prime example of a symref. Symbolic
@@ -464,9 +458,9 @@
 	object of an arbitrary type (typically a tag points to either a
 	<<def_tag_object,tag>> or a <<def_commit_object,commit object>>).
 	In contrast to a <<def_head,head>>, a tag is not updated by
-	the `commit` command. A git tag has nothing to do with a Lisp
+	the `commit` command. A Git tag has nothing to do with a Lisp
 	tag (which would be called an <<def_object_type,object type>>
-	in git's context). A tag is most typically used to mark a particular
+	in Git's context). A tag is most typically used to mark a particular
 	point in the commit ancestry <<def_chain,chain>>.
 
 [[def_tag_object]]tag object::
@@ -476,7 +470,7 @@
 	signature, in which case it is called a "signed tag object".
 
 [[def_topic_branch]]topic branch::
-	A regular git <<def_branch,branch>> that is used by a developer to
+	A regular Git <<def_branch,branch>> that is used by a developer to
 	identify a conceptual line of development. Since branches are very easy
 	and inexpensive, it is often desirable to have several small branches
 	that each contain very well defined concepts or small incremental yet
diff --git a/Documentation/howto-index.sh b/Documentation/howto-index.sh
index 34aa30c..a234086 100755
--- a/Documentation/howto-index.sh
+++ b/Documentation/howto-index.sh
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
 cat <<\EOF
-GIT Howto Index
+Git Howto Index
 ===============
 
 Here is a collection of mailing list postings made by various
-people describing how they use git in their workflow.
+people describing how they use Git in their workflow.
 
 EOF
 
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/maintain-git.txt b/Documentation/howto/maintain-git.txt
index 8823a37..33ae69c 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/maintain-git.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/maintain-git.txt
@@ -1,40 +1,51 @@
 From: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
 Date: Wed, 21 Nov 2007 16:32:55 -0800
 Subject: Addendum to "MaintNotes"
-Abstract: Imagine that git development is racing along as usual, when our friendly
+Abstract: Imagine that Git development is racing along as usual, when our friendly
  neighborhood maintainer is struck down by a wayward bus. Out of the
  hordes of suckers (loyal developers), you have been tricked (chosen) to
  step up as the new maintainer. This howto will show you "how to" do it.
+Content-type: text/asciidoc
 
-The maintainer's git time is spent on three activities.
+How to maintain Git
+===================
 
- - Communication (60%)
+Activities
+----------
+
+The maintainer's Git time is spent on three activities.
+
+ - Communication (45%)
 
    Mailing list discussions on general design, fielding user
    questions, diagnosing bug reports; reviewing, commenting on,
    suggesting alternatives to, and rejecting patches.
 
- - Integration (30%)
+ - Integration (50%)
 
    Applying new patches from the contributors while spotting and
    correcting minor mistakes, shuffling the integration and
    testing branches, pushing the results out, cutting the
    releases, and making announcements.
 
- - Own development (10%)
+ - Own development (5%)
 
    Scratching my own itch and sending proposed patch series out.
 
+The Policy
+----------
+
 The policy on Integration is informally mentioned in "A Note
 from the maintainer" message, which is periodically posted to
 this mailing list after each feature release is made.
 
-The policy.
-
  - Feature releases are numbered as vX.Y.Z and are meant to
    contain bugfixes and enhancements in any area, including
    functionality, performance and usability, without regression.
 
+ - One release cycle for a feature release is expected to last for
+   eight to ten weeks.
+
  - Maintenance releases are numbered as vX.Y.Z.W and are meant
    to contain only bugfixes for the corresponding vX.Y.Z feature
    release and earlier maintenance releases vX.Y.Z.V (V < W).
@@ -58,12 +69,15 @@
  - 'pu' branch is used to publish other proposed changes that do
    not yet pass the criteria set for 'next'.
 
- - The tips of 'master', 'maint' and 'next' branches will always
-   fast-forward, to allow people to build their own
-   customization on top of them.
+ - The tips of 'master' and 'maint' branches will not be rewound to
+   allow people to build their own customization on top of them.
+   Early in a new development cycle, 'next' is rewound to the tip of
+   'master' once, but otherwise it will not be rewound until the end
+   of the cycle.
 
- - Usually 'master' contains all of 'maint', 'next' contains all
-   of 'master' and 'pu' contains all of 'next'.
+ - Usually 'master' contains all of 'maint' and 'next' contains all
+   of 'master'.  'pu' contains all the topics merged to 'next', but
+   is rebuilt directly on 'master'.
 
  - The tip of 'master' is meant to be more stable than any
    tagged releases, and the users are encouraged to follow it.
@@ -73,14 +87,22 @@
    are found before new topics are merged to 'master'.
 
 
-A typical git day for the maintainer implements the above policy
+A Typical Git Day
+-----------------
+
+A typical Git day for the maintainer implements the above policy
 by doing the following:
 
- - Scan mailing list and #git channel log.  Respond with review
-   comments, suggestions etc.  Kibitz.  Collect potentially
-   usable patches from the mailing list.  Patches about a single
-   topic go to one mailbox (I read my mail in Gnus, and type
-   \C-o to save/append messages in files in mbox format).
+ - Scan mailing list.  Respond with review comments, suggestions
+   etc.  Kibitz.  Collect potentially usable patches from the
+   mailing list.  Patches about a single topic go to one mailbox (I
+   read my mail in Gnus, and type \C-o to save/append messages in
+   files in mbox format).
+
+ - Write his own patches to address issues raised on the list but
+   nobody has stepped up solving.  Send it out just like other
+   contributors do, and pick them up just like patches from other
+   contributors (see above).
 
  - Review the patches in the saved mailboxes.  Edit proposed log
    message for typofixes and clarifications, and add Acks
@@ -96,40 +118,32 @@
    - Obviously correct fixes that pertain to the tip of 'master'
      are directly applied to 'master'.
 
+   - Other topics are not handled in this step.
+
    This step is done with "git am".
 
      $ git checkout master    ;# or "git checkout maint"
-     $ git am -3 -s mailbox
+     $ git am -sc3 mailbox
      $ make test
 
- - Merge downwards (maint->master):
-
-     $ git checkout master
-     $ git merge maint
-     $ make test
+   In practice, almost no patch directly goes to 'master' or
+   'maint'.
 
  - Review the last issue of "What's cooking" message, review the
-   topics scheduled for merging upwards (topic->master and
-   topic->maint), and merge.
+   topics ready for merging (topic->master and topic->maint).  Use
+   "Meta/cook -w" script (where Meta/ contains a checkout of the
+   'todo' branch) to aid this step.
+
+   And perform the merge.  Use "Meta/Reintegrate -e" script (see
+   later) to aid this step.
+
+     $ Meta/cook -w last-issue-of-whats-cooking.mbox
 
      $ git checkout master    ;# or "git checkout maint"
-     $ git merge ai/topic     ;# or "git merge ai/maint-topic"
+     $ echo ai/topic | Meta/Reintegrate -e ;# "git merge ai/topic"
      $ git log -p ORIG_HEAD.. ;# final review
      $ git diff ORIG_HEAD..   ;# final review
      $ make test              ;# final review
-     $ git branch -d ai/topic ;# or "git branch -d ai/maint-topic"
-
- - Merge downwards (maint->master) if needed:
-
-     $ git checkout master
-     $ git merge maint
-     $ make test
-
- - Merge downwards (master->next) if needed:
-
-     $ git checkout next
-     $ git merge master
-     $ make test
 
  - Handle the remaining patches:
 
@@ -138,9 +152,9 @@
      and not in 'master') is applied to a new topic branch that
      is forked from the tip of 'master'.  This includes both
      enhancements and unobvious fixes to 'master'.  A topic
-     branch is named as ai/topic where "ai" is typically
-     author's initial and "topic" is a descriptive name of the
-     topic (in other words, "what's the series is about").
+     branch is named as ai/topic where "ai" is two-letter string
+     named after author's initial and "topic" is a descriptive name
+     of the topic (in other words, "what's the series is about").
 
    - An unobvious fix meant for 'maint' is applied to a new
      topic branch that is forked from the tip of 'maint'.  The
@@ -158,7 +172,8 @@
 
    The above except the "replacement" are all done with:
 
-     $ git am -3 -s mailbox
+     $ git checkout ai/topic ;# or "git checkout -b ai/topic master"
+     $ git am -sc3 mailbox
 
    while patch replacement is often done by:
 
@@ -166,93 +181,170 @@
 
    then replace some parts with the new patch, and reapplying:
 
+     $ git checkout ai/topic
      $ git reset --hard ai/topic~$n
-     $ git am -3 -s 000*.txt
+     $ git am -sc3 -s 000*.txt
 
    The full test suite is always run for 'maint' and 'master'
    after patch application; for topic branches the tests are run
    as time permits.
 
+ - Merge maint to master as needed:
+
+     $ git checkout master
+     $ git merge maint
+     $ make test
+
+ - Merge master to next as needed:
+
+     $ git checkout next
+     $ git merge master
+     $ make test
+
+ - Review the last issue of "What's cooking" again and see if topics
+   that are ready to be merged to 'next' are still in good shape
+   (e.g. has there any new issue identified on the list with the
+   series?)
+
+ - Prepare 'jch' branch, which is used to represent somewhere
+   between 'master' and 'pu' and often is slightly ahead of 'next'.
+
+     $ Meta/Reintegrate master..pu >Meta/redo-jch.sh
+
+   The result is a script that lists topics to be merged in order to
+   rebuild 'pu' as the input to Meta/Reintegrate script.  Remove
+   later topics that should not be in 'jch' yet.  Add a line that
+   consists of '### match next' before the name of the first topic
+   in the output that should be in 'jch' but not in 'next' yet.
+
+ - Now we are ready to start merging topics to 'next'.  For each
+   branch whose tip is not merged to 'next', one of three things can
+   happen:
+
+   - The commits are all next-worthy; merge the topic to next;
+   - The new parts are of mixed quality, but earlier ones are
+     next-worthy; merge the early parts to next;
+   - Nothing is next-worthy; do not do anything.
+
+   This step is aided with Meta/redo-jch.sh script created earlier.
+   If a topic that was already in 'next' gained a patch, the script
+   would list it as "ai/topic~1".  To include the new patch to the
+   updated 'next', drop the "~1" part; to keep it excluded, do not
+   touch the line.  If a topic that was not in 'next' should be
+   merged to 'next', add it at the end of the list.  Then:
+
+     $ git checkout -B jch master
+     $ Meta/redo-jch.sh -c1
+
+   to rebuild the 'jch' branch from scratch.  "-c1" tells the script
+   to stop merging at the first line that begins with '###'
+   (i.e. the "### match next" line you added earlier).
+
+   At this point, build-test the result.  It may reveal semantic
+   conflicts (e.g. a topic renamed a variable, another added a new
+   reference to the variable under its old name), in which case
+   prepare an appropriate merge-fix first (see appendix), and
+   rebuild the 'jch' branch from scratch, starting at the tip of
+   'master'.
+
+   Then do the same to 'next'
+
+     $ git checkout next
+     $ sh Meta/redo-jch.sh -c1 -e
+
+   The "-e" option allows the merge message that comes from the
+   history of the topic and the comments in the "What's cooking" to
+   be edited.  The resulting tree should match 'jch' as the same set
+   of topics are merged on 'master'; otherwise there is a mismerge.
+   Investigate why and do not proceed until the mismerge is found
+   and rectified.
+
+     $ git diff jch next
+
+   When all is well, clean up the redo-jch.sh script with
+
+     $ sh Meta/redo-jch.sh -u
+
+   This removes topics listed in the script that have already been
+   merged to 'master'.  This may lose '### match next' marker;
+   add it again to the appropriate place when it happens.
+
+ - Rebuild 'pu'.
+
+     $ Meta/Reintegrate master..pu >Meta/redo-pu.sh
+
+   Edit the result by adding new topics that are not still in 'pu'
+   in the script.  Then
+
+     $ git checkout -B pu jch
+     $ sh Meta/redo-pu.sh
+
+   When all is well, clean up the redo-pu.sh script with
+
+     $ sh Meta/redo-pu.sh -u
+
+   Double check by running
+
+     $ git branch --no-merged pu
+
+   to see there is no unexpected leftover topics.
+
+   At this point, build-test the result for semantic conflicts, and
+   if there are, prepare an appropriate merge-fix first (see
+   appendix), and rebuild the 'pu' branch from scratch, starting at
+   the tip of 'jch'.
+
  - Update "What's cooking" message to review the updates to
    existing topics, newly added topics and graduated topics.
 
-   This step is helped with Meta/cook script (where Meta/ contains
-   a checkout of the 'todo' branch).
+   This step is helped with Meta/cook script.
 
- - Merge topics to 'next'.  For each branch whose tip is not
-   merged to 'next', one of three things can happen:
+     $ Meta/cook
 
-   - The commits are all next-worthy; merge the topic to next:
+   This script inspects the history between master..pu, finds tips
+   of topic branches, compares what it found with the current
+   contents in Meta/whats-cooking.txt, and updates that file.
+   Topics not listed in the file but are found in master..pu are
+   added to the "New topics" section, topics listed in the file that
+   are no longer found in master..pu are moved to the "Graduated to
+   master" section, and topics whose commits changed their states
+   (e.g. used to be only in 'pu', now merged to 'next') are updated
+   with change markers "<<" and ">>".
 
-     $ git checkout next
-     $ git merge ai/topic     ;# or "git merge ai/maint-topic"
-     $ make test
+   Look for lines enclosed in "<<" and ">>"; they hold contents from
+   old file that are replaced by this integration round.  After
+   verifying them, remove the old part.  Review the description for
+   each topic and update its doneness and plan as needed.  To review
+   the updated plan, run
 
-   - The new parts are of mixed quality, but earlier ones are
-     next-worthy; merge the early parts to next:
+     $ Meta/cook -w
 
-     $ git checkout next
-     $ git merge ai/topic~2   ;# the tip two are dubious
-     $ make test
+   which will pick up comments given to the topics, such as "Will
+   merge to 'next'", etc. (see Meta/cook script to learn what kind
+   of phrases are supported).
 
-   - Nothing is next-worthy; do not do anything.
+ - Compile, test and install all four (five) integration branches;
+   Meta/Dothem script may aid this step.
 
- - [** OBSOLETE **] Optionally rebase topics that do not have any commit
-   in next yet, when they can take advantage of low-level framework
-   change that is merged to 'master' already.
+ - Format documentation if the 'master' branch was updated;
+   Meta/dodoc.sh script may aid this step.
 
-     $ git rebase master ai/topic
+ - Push the integration branches out to public places; Meta/pushall
+   script may aid this step.
 
-   This step is helped with Meta/git-topic.perl script to
-   identify which topic is rebaseable.  There also is a
-   pre-rebase hook to make sure that topics that are already in
-   'next' are not rebased beyond the merged commit.
-
- - [** OBSOLETE **] Rebuild "pu" to merge the tips of topics not in 'next'.
-
-     $ git checkout pu
-     $ git reset --hard next
-     $ git merge ai/topic     ;# repeat for all remaining topics
-     $ make test
-
-   This step is helped with Meta/PU script
-
- - Push four integration branches to a private repository at
-   k.org and run "make test" on all of them.
-
- - Push four integration branches to /pub/scm/git/git.git at
-   k.org.  This triggers its post-update hook which:
-
-    (1) runs "git pull" in $HOME/git-doc/ repository to pull
-        'master' just pushed out;
-
-    (2) runs "make doc" in $HOME/git-doc/, install the generated
-        documentation in staging areas, which are separate
-        repositories that have html and man branches checked
-        out.
-
-    (3) runs "git commit" in the staging areas, and run "git
-        push" back to /pub/scm/git/git.git/ to update the html
-        and man branches.
-
-    (4) installs generated documentation to /pub/software/scm/git/docs/
-        to be viewed from http://www.kernel.org/
-
- - Fetch html and man branches back from k.org, and push four
-   integration branches and the two documentation branches to
-   repo.or.cz and other mirrors.
-
+Observations
+------------
 
 Some observations to be made.
 
- * Each topic is tested individually, and also together with
-   other topics cooking in 'next'.  Until it matures, none part
-   of it is merged to 'master'.
+ * Each topic is tested individually, and also together with other
+   topics cooking first in 'pu', then in 'jch' and then in 'next'.
+   Until it matures, no part of it is merged to 'master'.
 
  * A topic already in 'next' can get fixes while still in
    'next'.  Such a topic will have many merges to 'next' (in
    other words, "git log --first-parent next" will show many
-   "Merge ai/topic to next" for the same topic.
+   "Merge branch 'ai/topic' to next" for the same topic.
 
  * An unobvious fix for 'maint' is cooked in 'next' and then
    merged to 'master' to make extra sure it is Ok and then
@@ -274,3 +366,80 @@
  * Being in the 'next' branch is not a guarantee for a topic to
    be included in the next feature release.  Being in the
    'master' branch typically is.
+
+
+Appendix
+--------
+
+Preparing a "merge-fix"
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+A merge of two topics may not textually conflict but still have
+conflict at the semantic level. A classic example is for one topic
+to rename an variable and all its uses, while another topic adds a
+new use of the variable under its old name. When these two topics
+are merged together, the reference to the variable newly added by
+the latter topic will still use the old name in the result.
+
+The Meta/Reintegrate script that is used by redo-jch and redo-pu
+scripts implements a crude but usable way to work this issue around.
+When the script merges branch $X, it checks if "refs/merge-fix/$X"
+exists, and if so, the effect of it is squashed into the result of
+the mechanical merge.  In other words,
+
+     $ echo $X | Meta/Reintegrate
+
+is roughly equivalent to this sequence:
+
+     $ git merge --rerere-autoupdate $X
+     $ git commit
+     $ git cherry-pick -n refs/merge-fix/$X
+     $ git commit --amend
+
+The goal of this "prepare a merge-fix" step is to come up with a
+commit that can be squashed into a result of mechanical merge to
+correct semantic conflicts.
+
+After finding that the result of merging branch "ai/topic" to an
+integration branch had such a semantic conflict, say pu~4, check the
+problematic merge out on a detached HEAD, edit the working tree to
+fix the semantic conflict, and make a separate commit to record the
+fix-up:
+
+     $ git checkout pu~4
+     $ git show -s --pretty=%s ;# double check
+     Merge branch 'ai/topic' to pu
+     $ edit
+     $ git commit -m 'merge-fix/ai/topic' -a
+
+Then make a reference "refs/merge-fix/ai/topic" to point at this
+result:
+
+     $ git update-ref refs/merge-fix/ai/topic HEAD
+
+Then double check the result by asking Meta/Reintegrate to redo the
+merge:
+
+     $ git checkout pu~5 ;# the parent of the problem merge
+     $ echo ai/topic | Meta/Reintegrate
+     $ git diff pu~4
+
+This time, because you prepared refs/merge-fix/ai/topic, the
+resulting merge should have been tweaked to include the fix for the
+semantic conflict.
+
+Note that this assumes that the order in which conflicting branches
+are merged does not change.  If the reason why merging ai/topic
+branch needs this merge-fix is because another branch merged earlier
+to the integration branch changed the underlying assumption ai/topic
+branch made (e.g. ai/topic branch added a site to refer to a
+variable, while the other branch renamed that variable and adjusted
+existing use sites), and if you changed redo-jch (or redo-pu) script
+to merge ai/topic branch before the other branch, then the above
+merge-fix should not be applied while merging ai/topic, but should
+instead be applied while merging the other branch.  You would need
+to move the fix to apply to the other branch, perhaps like this:
+
+      $ mf=refs/merge-fix
+      $ git update-ref $mf/$the_other_branch $mf/ai/topic
+      $ git update-ref -d $mf/ai/topic
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/new-command.txt b/Documentation/howto/new-command.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2abc3a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/howto/new-command.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+From: Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>
+Abstract: This is how-to documentation for people who want to add extension
+ commands to Git.  It should be read alongside api-builtin.txt.
+Content-type: text/asciidoc
+
+How to integrate new subcommands
+================================
+
+This is how-to documentation for people who want to add extension
+commands to Git.  It should be read alongside api-builtin.txt.
+
+Runtime environment
+-------------------
+
+Git subcommands are standalone executables that live in the Git exec
+path, normally /usr/lib/git-core.  The git executable itself is a
+thin wrapper that knows where the subcommands live, and runs them by
+passing command-line arguments to them.
+
+(If "git foo" is not found in the Git exec path, the wrapper
+will look in the rest of your $PATH for it.  Thus, it's possible
+to write local Git extensions that don't live in system space.)
+
+Implementation languages
+------------------------
+
+Most subcommands are written in C or shell.  A few are written in
+Perl.
+
+While we strongly encourage coding in portable C for portability,
+these specific scripting languages are also acceptable.  We won't
+accept more without a very strong technical case, as we don't want
+to broaden the Git suite's required dependencies.  Import utilities,
+surgical tools, remote helpers and other code at the edges of the
+Git suite are more lenient and we allow Python (and even Tcl/tk),
+but they should not be used for core functions.
+
+This may change in the future.  Especially Python is not allowed in
+core because we need better Python integration in the Git Windows
+installer before we can be confident people in that environment
+won't experience an unacceptably large loss of capability.
+
+C commands are normally written as single modules, named after the
+command, that link a collection of functions called libgit.  Thus,
+your command 'git-foo' would normally be implemented as a single
+"git-foo.c" (or "builtin/foo.c" if it is to be linked to the main
+binary); this organization makes it easy for people reading the code
+to find things.
+
+See the CodingGuidelines document for other guidance on what we consider
+good practice in C and shell, and api-builtin.txt for the support
+functions available to built-in commands written in C.
+
+What every extension command needs
+----------------------------------
+
+You must have a man page, written in asciidoc (this is what Git help
+followed by your subcommand name will display).  Be aware that there is
+a local asciidoc configuration and macros which you should use.  It's
+often helpful to start by cloning an existing page and replacing the
+text content.
+
+You must have a test, written to report in TAP (Test Anything Protocol).
+Tests are executables (usually shell scripts) that live in the 't'
+subdirectory of the tree.  Each test name begins with 't' and a sequence
+number that controls where in the test sequence it will be executed;
+conventionally the rest of the name stem is that of the command
+being tested.
+
+Read the file t/README to learn more about the conventions to be used
+in writing tests, and the test support library.
+
+Integrating a command
+---------------------
+
+Here are the things you need to do when you want to merge a new
+subcommand into the Git tree.
+
+1. Don't forget to sign off your patch!
+
+2. Append your command name to one of the variables BUILTIN_OBJS,
+EXTRA_PROGRAMS, SCRIPT_SH, SCRIPT_PERL or SCRIPT_PYTHON.
+
+3. Drop its test in the t directory.
+
+4. If your command is implemented in an interpreted language with a
+p-code intermediate form, make sure .gitignore in the main directory
+includes a pattern entry that ignores such files.  Python .pyc and
+.pyo files will already be covered.
+
+5. If your command has any dependency on a particular version of
+your language, document it in the INSTALL file.
+
+6. There is a file command-list.txt in the distribution main directory
+that categorizes commands by type, so they can be listed in appropriate
+subsections in the documentation's summary command list.  Add an entry
+for yours.  To understand the categories, look at git-cmmands.txt
+in the main directory.
+
+7. Give the maintainer one paragraph to include in the RelNotes file
+to describe the new feature; a good place to do so is in the cover
+letter [PATCH 0/n].
+
+That's all there is to it.
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.txt b/Documentation/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.txt
index 74a1c0c..19ab604 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.txt
@@ -4,11 +4,16 @@
 Subject: Re: sending changesets from the middle of a git tree
 Date:	Sun, 14 Aug 2005 18:37:39 -0700
 Abstract: In this article, JC talks about how he rebases the
- public "pu" branch using the core GIT tools when he updates
+ public "pu" branch using the core Git tools when he updates
  the "master" branch, and how "rebase" works.  Also discussed
  is how this applies to individual developers who sends patches
  upstream.
+Content-type: text/asciidoc
 
+How to rebase from an internal branch
+=====================================
+
+--------------------------------------
 Petr Baudis <pasky@suse.cz> writes:
 
 > Dear diary, on Sun, Aug 14, 2005 at 09:57:13AM CEST, I got a letter
@@ -19,13 +24,14 @@
 >> > branch to the real branches.
 >>
 > Actually, wouldn't this be also precisely for what StGIT is intended to?
+--------------------------------------
 
 Exactly my feeling.  I was sort of waiting for Catalin to speak
 up.  With its basing philosophical ancestry on quilt, this is
 the kind of task StGIT is designed to do.
 
 I just have done a simpler one, this time using only the core
-GIT tools.
+Git tools.
 
 I had a handful of commits that were ahead of master in pu, and I
 wanted to add some documentation bypassing my usual habit of
@@ -90,7 +96,7 @@
 can run "git prune" to get rid of those original three commits.
 
 While I am talking about "git rebase", I should talk about how
-to do cherrypicking using only the core GIT tools.
+to do cherrypicking using only the core Git tools.
 
 Let's go back to the earlier picture, with different labels.
 
@@ -156,8 +162,3 @@
 the #1' commit.
 
 -jc
-
--
-To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe git" in
-the body of a message to majordomo@vger.kernel.org
-More majordomo info at  http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.txt b/Documentation/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.txt
index 48c6756..25378f6 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.txt
@@ -3,19 +3,23 @@
 From: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
 Date: Fri, 26 Aug 2005 18:19:10 -0700
 Abstract: In this how-to article, JC talks about how he
- uses the post-update hook to automate git documentation page
+ uses the post-update hook to automate Git documentation page
  shown at http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/.
+Content-type: text/asciidoc
+
+How to rebuild from update hook
+===============================
 
 The pages under http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/
 are built from Documentation/ directory of the git.git project
 and needed to be kept up-to-date.  The www.kernel.org/ servers
 are mirrored and I was told that the origin of the mirror is on
 the machine $some.kernel.org, on which I was given an account
-when I took over git maintainership from Linus.
+when I took over Git maintainership from Linus.
 
 The directories relevant to this how-to are these two:
 
-    /pub/scm/git/git.git/	The public git repository.
+    /pub/scm/git/git.git/	The public Git repository.
     /pub/software/scm/git/docs/	The HTML documentation page.
 
 So I made a repository to generate the documentation under my
@@ -42,7 +46,7 @@
     EOF
 
 Initially I used to run this by hand whenever I push into the
-public git repository.  Then I did a cron job that ran twice a
+public Git repository.  Then I did a cron job that ran twice a
 day.  The current round uses the post-update hook mechanism,
 like this:
 
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.txt b/Documentation/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.txt
index 323b513..1b3b188 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.txt
@@ -3,18 +3,24 @@
 Subject: corrupt object on git-gc
 Abstract: Some tricks to reconstruct blob objects in order to fix
  a corrupted repository.
+Content-type: text/asciidoc
 
+How to recover a corrupted blob object
+======================================
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------
 On Fri, 9 Nov 2007, Yossi Leybovich wrote:
 >
 > Did not help still the repository look for this object?
 > Any one know how can I track this object and understand which file is it
+-----------------------------------------------------------
 
-So exactly *because* the SHA1 hash is cryptographically secure, the hash
+So exactly *because* the SHA-1 hash is cryptographically secure, the hash
 itself doesn't actually tell you anything, in order to fix a corrupt
 object you basically have to find the "original source" for it.
 
 The easiest way to do that is almost always to have backups, and find the
-same object somewhere else. Backups really are a good idea, and git makes
+same object somewhere else. Backups really are a good idea, and Git makes
 it pretty easy (if nothing else, just clone the repository somewhere else,
 and make sure that you do *not* use a hard-linked clone, and preferably
 not the same disk/machine).
@@ -31,19 +37,23 @@
 interesting for the future, in the hope that you can re-create a
 non-corrupt version.
 
+-----------------------------------------------------------
 So:
 
 > ib]$ mv .git/objects/4b/9458b3786228369c63936db65827de3cc06200 ../
+-----------------------------------------------------------
 
 This is the right thing to do, although it's usually best to save it under
-it's full SHA1 name (you just dropped the "4b" from the result ;).
+it's full SHA-1 name (you just dropped the "4b" from the result ;).
 
 Let's see what that tells us:
 
+-----------------------------------------------------------
 > ib]$ git-fsck --full
 > broken link from    tree 2d9263c6d23595e7cb2a21e5ebbb53655278dff8
 >              to    blob 4b9458b3786228369c63936db65827de3cc06200
 > missing blob 4b9458b3786228369c63936db65827de3cc06200
+-----------------------------------------------------------
 
 Ok, I removed the "dangling commit" messages, because they are just
 messages about the fact that you probably have rebased etc, so they're not
@@ -79,7 +89,7 @@
 
 	git hash-object -w my-magic-file
 
-again, and if it outputs the missing SHA1 (4b945..) you're now all done!
+again, and if it outputs the missing SHA-1 (4b945..) you're now all done!
 
 But that's the really lucky case, so let's assume that it was some older
 version that was broken. How do you tell which version it was?
@@ -124,7 +134,7 @@
 	git log --raw --all
 
 and just looked for the sha of the missing object (4b9458b..) in that
-whole thing. It's up to you - git does *have* a lot of information, it is
+whole thing. It's up to you - Git does *have* a lot of information, it is
 just missing one particular blob version.
 
 Trying to recreate trees and especially commits is *much* harder. So you
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt b/Documentation/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt
index 6fd7119..075418e 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt
@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@
  after the offending branch is fixed.
 Message-ID: <7vocz8a6zk.fsf@gitster.siamese.dyndns.org>
 References: <alpine.LFD.2.00.0812181949450.14014@localhost.localdomain>
+Content-type: text/asciidoc
+
+How to revert a faulty merge
+============================
 
 Alan <alan@clueserver.org> said:
 
@@ -160,7 +164,7 @@
 changes that you can try to pinpoint which _part_ of it changes.
 
 But does it all work? Sure it does. You can revert a merge, and from a
-purely technical angle, git did it very naturally and had no real
+purely technical angle, Git did it very naturally and had no real
 troubles. It just considered it a change from "state before merge" to
 "state after merge", and that was it. Nothing complicated, nothing odd,
 nothing really dangerous. Git will do it without even thinking about it.
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/revert-branch-rebase.txt b/Documentation/howto/revert-branch-rebase.txt
index 093c656..84dd839 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/revert-branch-rebase.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/revert-branch-rebase.txt
@@ -8,14 +8,14 @@
 Content-type: text/asciidoc
 Message-ID: <7voe7g3uop.fsf@assigned-by-dhcp.cox.net>
 
-Reverting an existing commit
-============================
+How to revert an existing commit
+================================
 
 One of the changes I pulled into the 'master' branch turns out to
-break building GIT with GCC 2.95.  While they were well intentioned
+break building Git with GCC 2.95.  While they were well intentioned
 portability fixes, keeping things working with gcc-2.95 was also
 important.  Here is what I did to revert the change in the 'master'
-branch and to adjust the 'pu' branch, using core GIT tools and
+branch and to adjust the 'pu' branch, using core Git tools and
 barebone Porcelain.
 
 First, prepare a throw-away branch in case I screw things up.
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/separating-topic-branches.txt b/Documentation/howto/separating-topic-branches.txt
index 6d3eb8e..bd10274 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/separating-topic-branches.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/separating-topic-branches.txt
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 From: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
 Subject: Separating topic branches
 Abstract: In this article, JC describes how to separate topic branches.
+Content-type: text/asciidoc
+
+How to separate topic branches
+==============================
 
 This text was originally a footnote to a discussion about the
 behaviour of the git diff commands.
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.txt b/Documentation/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.txt
index 622ee5c..7f4943e 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.txt
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 From: Rutger Nijlunsing <rutger@nospam.com>
-Subject: Setting up a git repository which can be pushed into and pulled from over HTTP(S).
+Subject: Setting up a Git repository which can be pushed into and pulled from over HTTP(S).
 Date: Thu, 10 Aug 2006 22:00:26 +0200
+Content-type: text/asciidoc
+
+How to setup Git server over http
+=================================
 
 Since Apache is one of those packages people like to compile
 themselves while others prefer the bureaucrat's dream Debian, it is
@@ -40,20 +44,20 @@
 
 - have permissions to chown a directory
 
-- have git installed on the client, and
+- have Git installed on the client, and
 
-- either have git installed on the server or have a webdav client on
+- either have Git installed on the server or have a webdav client on
   the client.
 
 In effect, this means you're going to be root, or that you're using a
 preconfigured WebDAV server.
 
 
-Step 1: setup a bare GIT repository
+Step 1: setup a bare Git repository
 -----------------------------------
 
-At the time of writing, git-http-push cannot remotely create a GIT
-repository. So we have to do that at the server side with git. Another
+At the time of writing, git-http-push cannot remotely create a Git
+repository. So we have to do that at the server side with Git. Another
 option is to generate an empty bare repository at the client and copy
 it to the server with a WebDAV client (which is the only option if Git
 is not installed on the server).
@@ -185,7 +189,7 @@
 Step 3: setup the client
 ------------------------
 
-Make sure that you have HTTP support, i.e. your git was built with
+Make sure that you have HTTP support, i.e. your Git was built with
 libcurl (version more recent than 7.10). The command 'git http-push' with
 no argument should display a usage message.
 
@@ -264,7 +268,7 @@
 
   On Debian: Read /var/log/apache2/error.log instead.
 
-If you access HTTPS locations, git may fail verifying the SSL
+If you access HTTPS locations, Git may fail verifying the SSL
 certificate (this is return code 60). Setting http.sslVerify=false can
 help diagnosing the problem, but removes security checks.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/update-hook-example.txt b/Documentation/howto/update-hook-example.txt
index b7f8d41..a5193b1 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/update-hook-example.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/update-hook-example.txt
@@ -5,6 +5,10 @@
 Abstract: An example hooks/update script is presented to
  implement repository maintenance policies, such as who can push
  into which branch and who can make a tag.
+Content-type: text/asciidoc
+
+How to use the update hook
+==========================
 
 When your developer runs git-push into the repository,
 git-receive-pack is run (either locally or over ssh) as that
@@ -32,8 +36,7 @@
 [jc: editorial note.  This is a much improved version by Carl
 since I posted the original outline]
 
--- >8 -- beginning of script -- >8 --
-
+----------------------------------------------------
 #!/bin/bash
 
 umask 002
@@ -111,12 +114,12 @@
 
       info "Found matching head pattern: '$head_pattern'"
       for user_pattern in $user_patterns; do
-	info "Checking user: '$username' against pattern: '$user_pattern'"
-	matchlen=$(expr "$username" : "$user_pattern")
-	if test "$matchlen" = "${#username}"
-	then
-	  grant "Allowing user: '$username' with pattern: '$user_pattern'"
-	fi
+        info "Checking user: '$username' against pattern: '$user_pattern'"
+        matchlen=$(expr "$username" : "$user_pattern")
+        if test "$matchlen" = "${#username}"
+        then
+          grant "Allowing user: '$username' with pattern: '$user_pattern'"
+        fi
       done
       deny "The user is not in the access list for this branch"
     done
@@ -149,13 +152,13 @@
 
       info "Found matching head pattern: '$head_pattern'"
       for group_pattern in $group_patterns; do
-	for groupname in $groups; do
-	  info "Checking group: '$groupname' against pattern: '$group_pattern'"
-	  matchlen=$(expr "$groupname" : "$group_pattern")
-	  if test "$matchlen" = "${#groupname}"
-	  then
-	    grant "Allowing group: '$groupname' with pattern: '$group_pattern'"
-	  fi
+        for groupname in $groups; do
+          info "Checking group: '$groupname' against pattern: '$group_pattern'"
+          matchlen=$(expr "$groupname" : "$group_pattern")
+          if test "$matchlen" = "${#groupname}"
+          then
+            grant "Allowing group: '$groupname' with pattern: '$group_pattern'"
+          fi
         done
       done
       deny "None of the user's groups are in the access list for this branch"
@@ -169,24 +172,21 @@
 fi
 
 deny >/dev/null "There are no more rules to check.  Denying access"
-
--- >8 -- end of script -- >8 --
+----------------------------------------------------
 
 This uses two files, $GIT_DIR/info/allowed-users and
 allowed-groups, to describe which heads can be pushed into by
 whom.  The format of each file would look like this:
 
-        refs/heads/master	junio
-	+refs/heads/pu		junio
-        refs/heads/cogito$	pasky
-        refs/heads/bw/.*	linus
-        refs/heads/tmp/.*	.*
-        refs/tags/v[0-9].*	junio
+    refs/heads/master   junio
+    +refs/heads/pu      junio
+    refs/heads/cogito$  pasky
+    refs/heads/bw/.*    linus
+    refs/heads/tmp/.*   .*
+    refs/tags/v[0-9].*  junio
 
 With this, Linus can push or create "bw/penguin" or "bw/zebra"
 or "bw/panda" branches, Pasky can do only "cogito", and JC can
 do master and pu branches and make versioned tags.  And anybody
 can do tmp/blah branches. The '+' sign at the pu record means
 that JC can make non-fast-forward pushes on it.
-
-------------
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/use-git-daemon.txt b/Documentation/howto/use-git-daemon.txt
index 4e2f75c..7af2e52 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/use-git-daemon.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/use-git-daemon.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
+Content-type: text/asciidoc
+
 How to use git-daemon
+=====================
 
 Git can be run in inetd mode and in stand alone mode. But all you want is
-let a coworker pull from you, and therefore need to set up a git server
+let a coworker pull from you, and therefore need to set up a Git server
 real quick, right?
 
 Note that git-daemon is not really chatty at the moment, especially when
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/using-signed-tag-in-pull-request.txt b/Documentation/howto/using-signed-tag-in-pull-request.txt
index 98c0033..bbf040e 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/using-signed-tag-in-pull-request.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/using-signed-tag-in-pull-request.txt
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
  later validate it.
 Content-type: text/asciidoc
 
-Using signed tag in pull requests
-=================================
+How to use a signed tag in pull requests
+========================================
 
 A typical distributed workflow using Git is for a contributor to fork a
 project, build on it, publish the result to her public repository, and ask
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 
    Froboz 3.2 (2011-09-30 14:20:57 -0700)
 
- are available in the git repository at:
+ are available in the Git repository at:
 
    example.com:/git/froboz.git for-xyzzy
 ------------
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@
 
    Froboz 3.2 (2011-09-30 14:20:57 -0700)
 
- are available in the git repository at:
+ are available in the Git repository at:
 
    example.com:/git/froboz.git tags/frotz-for-xyzzy
 
diff --git a/Documentation/i18n.txt b/Documentation/i18n.txt
index 625d315..e9a1d5d 100644
--- a/Documentation/i18n.txt
+++ b/Documentation/i18n.txt
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-At the core level, git is character encoding agnostic.
+At the core level, Git is character encoding agnostic.
 
  - The pathnames recorded in the index and in the tree objects
    are treated as uninterpreted sequences of non-NUL bytes.
    What readdir(2) returns are what are recorded and compared
-   with the data git keeps track of, which in turn are expected
+   with the data Git keeps track of, which in turn are expected
    to be what lstat(2) and creat(2) accepts.  There is no such
    thing as pathname encoding translation.
 
@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@
    bytes.
 
 Although we encourage that the commit log messages are encoded
-in UTF-8, both the core and git Porcelain are designed not to
+in UTF-8, both the core and Git Porcelain are designed not to
 force UTF-8 on projects.  If all participants of a particular
-project find it more convenient to use legacy encodings, git
+project find it more convenient to use legacy encodings, Git
 does not forbid it.  However, there are a few things to keep in
 mind.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/mailmap.txt b/Documentation/mailmap.txt
index 288f04e..4a8c276 100644
--- a/Documentation/mailmap.txt
+++ b/Documentation/mailmap.txt
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 If the file `.mailmap` exists at the toplevel of the repository, or at
-the location pointed to by the mailmap.file configuration option, it
+the location pointed to by the mailmap.file or mailmap.blob
+configuration options, it
 is used to map author and committer names and email addresses to
 canonical real names and email addresses.
 
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@
 Joe R. Developer <joe@example.com>
 ------------
 
-Note how there is no need for an entry for <jane@laptop.(none)>, because the
+Note how there is no need for an entry for `<jane@laptop.(none)>`, because the
 real name of that author is already correct.
 
 Example 2: Your repository contains commits from the following
diff --git a/Documentation/merge-config.txt b/Documentation/merge-config.txt
index 861bd6f..d78d6d8 100644
--- a/Documentation/merge-config.txt
+++ b/Documentation/merge-config.txt
@@ -9,18 +9,18 @@
 merge.defaultToUpstream::
 	If merge is called without any commit argument, merge the upstream
 	branches configured for the current branch by using their last
-	observed values stored in their remote tracking branches.
+	observed values stored in their remote-tracking branches.
 	The values of the `branch.<current branch>.merge` that name the
 	branches at the remote named by `branch.<current branch>.remote`
 	are consulted, and then they are mapped via `remote.<remote>.fetch`
-	to their corresponding remote tracking branches, and the tips of
+	to their corresponding remote-tracking branches, and the tips of
 	these tracking branches are merged.
 
 merge.ff::
-	By default, git does not create an extra merge commit when merging
+	By default, Git does not create an extra merge commit when merging
 	a commit that is a descendant of the current commit. Instead, the
 	tip of the current branch is fast-forwarded. When set to `false`,
-	this variable tells git to create an extra merge commit in such
+	this variable tells Git to create an extra merge commit in such
 	a case (equivalent to giving the `--no-ff` option from the command
 	line). When set to `only`, only such fast-forward merges are
 	allowed (equivalent to giving the `--ff-only` option from the
@@ -38,10 +38,10 @@
 	diff.renameLimit.
 
 merge.renormalize::
-	Tell git that canonical representation of files in the
+	Tell Git that canonical representation of files in the
 	repository has changed over time (e.g. earlier commits record
 	text files with CRLF line endings, but recent ones use LF line
-	endings).  In such a repository, git can convert the data
+	endings).  In such a repository, Git can convert the data
 	recorded in commits to a canonical form before performing a
 	merge to reduce unnecessary conflicts.  For more information,
 	see section "Merging branches with differing checkin/checkout
@@ -52,12 +52,12 @@
 	at the end of the merge.  True by default.
 
 merge.tool::
-	Controls which merge resolution program is used by
-	linkgit:git-mergetool[1].  Valid built-in values are: "araxis",
-	"bc3", "diffuse", "ecmerge", "emerge", "gvimdiff", "kdiff3", "meld",
-	"opendiff", "p4merge", "tkdiff", "tortoisemerge", "vimdiff"
-	and "xxdiff".  Any other value is treated is custom merge tool
-	and there must be a corresponding mergetool.<tool>.cmd option.
+	Controls which merge tool is used by linkgit:git-mergetool[1].
+	The list below shows the valid built-in values.
+	Any other value is treated as a custom merge tool and requires
+	that a corresponding mergetool.<tool>.cmd variable is defined.
+
+include::mergetools-merge.txt[]
 
 merge.verbosity::
 	Controls the amount of output shown by the recursive merge
diff --git a/Documentation/merge-options.txt b/Documentation/merge-options.txt
index 0bcbe0a..afba8d4 100644
--- a/Documentation/merge-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/merge-options.txt
@@ -8,12 +8,13 @@
 inspect and further tweak the merge result before committing.
 
 --edit::
+-e::
 --no-edit::
 	Invoke an editor before committing successful mechanical merge to
 	further edit the auto-generated merge message, so that the user
 	can explain and justify the merge. The `--no-edit` option can be
 	used to accept the auto-generated message (this is generally
-	discouraged). The `--edit` option is still useful if you are
+	discouraged). The `--edit` (or `-e`) option is still useful if you are
 	giving a draft message with the `-m` option from the command line
 	and want to edit it in the editor.
 +
@@ -30,7 +31,8 @@
 
 --no-ff::
 	Create a merge commit even when the merge resolves as a
-	fast-forward.
+	fast-forward.  This is the default behaviour when merging an
+	annotated (and possibly signed) tag.
 
 --ff-only::
 	Refuse to merge and exit with a non-zero status unless the
@@ -83,6 +85,11 @@
 	Pass merge strategy specific option through to the merge
 	strategy.
 
+--verify-signatures::
+--no-verify-signatures::
+	Verify that the commits being merged have good and trusted GPG signatures
+	and abort the merge in case they do not.
+
 --summary::
 --no-summary::
 	Synonyms to --stat and --no-stat; these are deprecated and will be
diff --git a/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt b/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt
index 595a3cf..49a9a7d 100644
--- a/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt
+++ b/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt
@@ -32,13 +32,14 @@
 	This option forces conflicting hunks to be auto-resolved cleanly by
 	favoring 'our' version.  Changes from the other tree that do not
 	conflict with our side are reflected to the merge result.
+	For a binary file, the entire contents are taken from our side.
 +
 This should not be confused with the 'ours' merge strategy, which does not
 even look at what the other tree contains at all.  It discards everything
 the other tree did, declaring 'our' history contains all that happened in it.
 
 theirs;;
-	This is opposite of 'ours'.
+	This is the opposite of 'ours'.
 
 patience;;
 	With this option, 'merge-recursive' spends a little extra time
@@ -47,6 +48,12 @@
 	this when the branches to be merged have diverged wildly.
 	See also linkgit:git-diff[1] `--patience`.
 
+diff-algorithm=[patience|minimal|histogram|myers];;
+	Tells 'merge-recursive' to use a different diff algorithm, which
+	can help avoid mismerges that occur due to unimportant matching
+	lines (such as braces from distinct functions).  See also
+	linkgit:git-diff[1] `--diff-algorithm`.
+
 ignore-space-change;;
 ignore-all-space;;
 ignore-space-at-eol;;
diff --git a/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt b/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt
index e3d8a83..1d174fd 100644
--- a/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt
+++ b/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
 * 'raw'
 +
 The 'raw' format shows the entire commit exactly as
-stored in the commit object.  Notably, the SHA1s are
+stored in the commit object.  Notably, the SHA-1s are
 displayed in full, regardless of whether --abbrev or
 --no-abbrev are used, and 'parents' information show the
 true parent commits, without taking grafts nor history
@@ -106,18 +106,22 @@
 - '%P': parent hashes
 - '%p': abbreviated parent hashes
 - '%an': author name
-- '%aN': author name (respecting .mailmap, see linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
+- '%aN': author name (respecting .mailmap, see linkgit:git-shortlog[1]
+  or linkgit:git-blame[1])
 - '%ae': author email
-- '%aE': author email (respecting .mailmap, see linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
+- '%aE': author email (respecting .mailmap, see
+  linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
 - '%ad': author date (format respects --date= option)
 - '%aD': author date, RFC2822 style
 - '%ar': author date, relative
 - '%at': author date, UNIX timestamp
 - '%ai': author date, ISO 8601 format
 - '%cn': committer name
-- '%cN': committer name (respecting .mailmap, see linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
+- '%cN': committer name (respecting .mailmap, see
+  linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
 - '%ce': committer email
-- '%cE': committer email (respecting .mailmap, see linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
+- '%cE': committer email (respecting .mailmap, see
+  linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
 - '%cd': committer date
 - '%cD': committer date, RFC2822 style
 - '%cr': committer date, relative
@@ -130,24 +134,50 @@
 - '%b': body
 - '%B': raw body (unwrapped subject and body)
 - '%N': commit notes
+- '%GG': raw verification message from GPG for a signed commit
+- '%G?': show "G" for a Good signature, "B" for a Bad signature, "U" for a good,
+  untrusted signature and "N" for no signature
+- '%GS': show the name of the signer for a signed commit
+- '%GK': show the key used to sign a signed commit
 - '%gD': reflog selector, e.g., `refs/stash@{1}`
 - '%gd': shortened reflog selector, e.g., `stash@{1}`
 - '%gn': reflog identity name
-- '%gN': reflog identity name (respecting .mailmap, see linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
+- '%gN': reflog identity name (respecting .mailmap, see
+  linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
 - '%ge': reflog identity email
-- '%gE': reflog identity email (respecting .mailmap, see linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
+- '%gE': reflog identity email (respecting .mailmap, see
+  linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
 - '%gs': reflog subject
 - '%Cred': switch color to red
 - '%Cgreen': switch color to green
 - '%Cblue': switch color to blue
 - '%Creset': reset color
-- '%C(...)': color specification, as described in color.branch.* config option
+- '%C(...)': color specification, as described in color.branch.* config option;
+  adding `auto,` at the beginning will emit color only when colors are
+  enabled for log output (by `color.diff`, `color.ui`, or `--color`, and
+  respecting the `auto` settings of the former if we are going to a
+  terminal). `auto` alone (i.e. `%C(auto)`) will turn on auto coloring
+  on the next placeholders until the color is switched again.
 - '%m': left, right or boundary mark
 - '%n': newline
 - '%%': a raw '%'
 - '%x00': print a byte from a hex code
 - '%w([<w>[,<i1>[,<i2>]]])': switch line wrapping, like the -w option of
   linkgit:git-shortlog[1].
+- '%<(<N>[,trunc|ltrunc|mtrunc])': make the next placeholder take at
+  least N columns, padding spaces on the right if necessary.
+  Optionally truncate at the beginning (ltrunc), the middle (mtrunc)
+  or the end (trunc) if the output is longer than N columns.
+  Note that truncating only works correctly with N >= 2.
+- '%<|(<N>)': make the next placeholder take at least until Nth
+  columns, padding spaces on the right if necessary
+- '%>(<N>)', '%>|(<N>)': similar to '%<(<N>)', '%<|(<N>)'
+  respectively, but padding spaces on the left
+- '%>>(<N>)', '%>>|(<N>)': similar to '%>(<N>)', '%>|(<N>)'
+  respectively, except that if the next placeholder takes more spaces
+  than given and there are spaces on its left, use those spaces
+- '%><(<N>)', '%><|(<N>)': similar to '% <(<N>)', '%<|(<N>)'
+  respectively, but padding both sides (i.e. the text is centered)
 
 NOTE: Some placeholders may depend on other options given to the
 revision traversal engine. For example, the `%g*` reflog options will
diff --git a/Documentation/pretty-options.txt b/Documentation/pretty-options.txt
index 2a3dc86..5e49942 100644
--- a/Documentation/pretty-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/pretty-options.txt
@@ -66,3 +66,7 @@
 --[no-]standard-notes::
 	These options are deprecated. Use the above --notes/--no-notes
 	options instead.
+
+--show-signature::
+	Check the validity of a signed commit object by passing the signature
+	to `gpg --verify` and show the output.
diff --git a/Documentation/pt_BR/gittutorial.txt b/Documentation/pt_BR/gittutorial.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index beba065..0000000
--- a/Documentation/pt_BR/gittutorial.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,675 +0,0 @@
-gittutorial(7)
-==============
-
-NOME
-----
-gittutorial - Um tutorial de introdução ao git (para versão 1.5.1 ou mais nova)
-
-SINOPSE
---------
-git *
-
-DESCRIÇÃO
------------
-
-Este tutorial explica como importar um novo projeto para o git,
-adicionar mudanças a ele, e compartilhar mudanças com outros
-desenvolvedores.
-
-Se, ao invés disso, você está interessado primariamente em usar git para
-obter um projeto, por exemplo, para testar a última versão, você pode
-preferir começar com os primeiros dois capítulos de
-link:user-manual.html[O Manual do Usuário Git].
-
-Primeiro, note que você pode obter documentação para um comando como
-`git log --graph` com:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ man git-log
-------------------------------------------------
-
-ou:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git help log
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Com a última forma, você pode usar o visualizador de manual de sua
-escolha; veja linkgit:git-help[1] para maior informação.
-
-É uma boa idéia informar ao git seu nome e endereço público de email
-antes de fazer qualquer operação. A maneira mais fácil de fazê-lo é:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git config --global user.name "Seu Nome Vem Aqui"
-$ git config --global user.email voce@seudominio.exemplo.com
-------------------------------------------------
-
-
-Importando um novo projeto
------------------------
-
-Assuma que você tem um tarball project.tar.gz com seu trabalho inicial.
-Você pode colocá-lo sob controle de revisão git da seguinte forma:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ tar xzf project.tar.gz
-$ cd project
-$ git init
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Git irá responder
-
-------------------------------------------------
-Initialized empty Git repository in .git/
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Agora que você iniciou seu diretório de trabalho, você deve ter notado que um
-novo diretório foi criado com o nome de ".git".
-
-A seguir, diga ao git para gravar um instantâneo do conteúdo de todos os
-arquivos sob o diretório atual (note o '.'), com 'git-add':
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git add .
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Este instantâneo está agora armazenado em uma área temporária que o git
-chama de "index" ou índice. Você pode armazenar permanentemente o
-conteúdo do índice no repositório com 'git-commit':
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git commit
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Isto vai te pedir por uma mensagem de commit. Você agora gravou sua
-primeira versão de seu projeto no git.
-
-Fazendo mudanças
---------------
-
-Modifique alguns arquivos, e, então, adicione seu conteúdo atualizado ao
-índice:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git add file1 file2 file3
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Você está agora pronto para fazer o commit. Você pode ver o que está
-para ser gravado usando 'git-diff' com a opção --cached:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git diff --cached
-------------------------------------------------
-
-(Sem --cached, o comando 'git-diff' irá te mostrar quaisquer mudanças
-que você tenha feito mas ainda não adicionou ao índice.) Você também
-pode obter um breve sumário da situação com 'git-status':
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git status
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	modified:   file1
-#	modified:   file2
-#	modified:   file3
-#
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Se você precisar fazer qualquer outro ajuste, faça-o agora, e, então,
-adicione qualquer conteúdo modificado ao índice. Finalmente, grave suas
-mudanças com:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git commit
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Ao executar esse comando, ele irá te pedir uma mensagem descrevendo a mudança,
-e, então, irá gravar a nova versão do projeto.
-
-Alternativamente, ao invés de executar 'git-add' antes, você pode usar
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git commit -a
-------------------------------------------------
-
-o que irá automaticamente notar quaisquer arquivos modificados (mas não
-novos), adicioná-los ao índices, e gravar, tudo em um único passo.
-
-Uma nota em mensagens de commit: Apesar de não ser exigido, é uma boa
-idéia começar a mensagem com uma simples e curta (menos de 50
-caracteres) linha sumarizando a mudança, seguida de uma linha em branco
-e, então, uma descrição mais detalhada. Ferramentas que transformam
-commits em email, por exemplo, usam a primeira linha no campo de
-cabeçalho "Subject:" e o resto no corpo.
-
-Git rastreia conteúdo, não arquivos
-----------------------------
-
-Muitos sistemas de controle de revisão provêem um comando `add` que diz
-ao sistema para começar a rastrear mudanças em um novo arquivo. O
-comando `add` do git faz algo mais simples e mais poderoso: 'git-add' é
-usado tanto para arquivos novos e arquivos recentemente modificados, e
-em ambos os casos, ele tira o instantâneo dos arquivos dados e armazena
-o conteúdo no índice, pronto para inclusão do próximo commit.
-
-Visualizando a história do projeto
------------------------
-
-Em qualquer ponto você pode visualizar a história das suas mudanças
-usando
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git log
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Se você também quiser ver a diferença completa a cada passo, use
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git log -p
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Geralmente, uma visão geral da mudança é útil para ter a sensação de
-cada passo
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git log --stat --summary
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Gerenciando "branches"/ramos
------------------
-
-Um simples repositório git pode manter múltiplos ramos de
-desenvolvimento. Para criar um novo ramo chamado "experimental", use
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git branch experimental
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Se você executar agora
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git branch
-------------------------------------------------
-
-você vai obter uma lista de todos os ramos existentes:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-  experimental
-* master
-------------------------------------------------
-
-O ramo "experimental" é o que você acaba de criar, e o ramo "master" é o
-ramo padrão que foi criado pra você automaticamente. O asterisco marca
-o ramo em que você está atualmente; digite
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git checkout experimental
-------------------------------------------------
-
-para mudar para o ramo experimental. Agora edite um arquivo, grave a
-mudança, e mude de volta para o ramo master:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-(edita arquivo)
-$ git commit -a
-$ git checkout master
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Verifique que a mudança que você fez não está mais visível, já que ela
-foi feita no ramo experimental e você está de volta ao ramo master.
-
-Você pode fazer uma mudança diferente no ramo master:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-(edit file)
-$ git commit -a
-------------------------------------------------
-
-neste ponto, os dois ramos divergiram, com diferentes mudanças feitas em
-cada um. Para unificar as mudanças feitas no experimental para o
-master, execute
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git merge experimental
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Se as mudanças não conflitarem, estará pronto. Se existirem conflitos,
-marcadores serão deixados nos arquivos problemáticos exibindo o
-conflito;
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git diff
-------------------------------------------------
-
-vai exibir isto. Após você editar os arquivos para resolver os
-conflitos,
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git commit -a
-------------------------------------------------
-
-irá gravar o resultado da unificação. Finalmente,
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ gitk
-------------------------------------------------
-
-vai mostrar uma bela representação gráfica da história resultante.
-
-Neste ponto você pode remover seu ramo experimental com
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git branch -d experimental
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Este comando garante que as mudanças no ramo experimental já estão no
-ramo atual.
-
-Se você desenvolve em um ramo ideia-louca, e se arrepende, você pode
-sempre remover o ramo com
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git branch -D ideia-louca
--------------------------------------
-
-Ramos são baratos e fáceis, então isto é uma boa maneira de experimentar
-alguma coisa.
-
-Usando git para colaboração
----------------------------
-
-Suponha que Alice começou um novo projeto com um repositório git em
-/home/alice/project, e que Bob, que tem um diretório home na mesma
-máquina, quer contribuir.
-
-Bob começa com:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-bob$ git clone /home/alice/project myrepo
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Isso cria um novo diretório "myrepo" contendo um clone do repositório de
-Alice. O clone está no mesmo pé que o projeto original, possuindo sua
-própria cópia da história do projeto original.
-
-Bob então faz algumas mudanças e as grava:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-(editar arquivos)
-bob$ git commit -a
-(repetir conforme necessário)
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Quanto está pronto, ele diz a Alice para puxar as mudanças do
-repositório em /home/bob/myrepo. Ela o faz com:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-alice$ cd /home/alice/project
-alice$ git pull /home/bob/myrepo master
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Isto unifica as mudanças do ramo "master" do Bob ao ramo atual de Alice.
-Se Alice fez suas próprias mudanças no intervalo, ela, então, pode
-precisar corrigir manualmente quaisquer conflitos. (Note que o argumento
-"master" no comando acima é, de fato, desnecessário, já que é o padrão.)
-
-O comando "pull" executa, então, duas operações: ele obtém mudanças de
-um ramo remoto, e, então, as unifica no ramo atual.
-
-Note que, em geral, Alice gostaria que suas mudanças locais fossem
-gravadas antes de iniciar este "pull". Se o trabalho de Bob conflita
-com o que Alice fez desde que suas histórias se ramificaram, Alice irá
-usar seu diretório de trabalho e o índice para resolver conflitos, e
-mudanças locais existentes irão interferir com o processo de resolução
-de conflitos (git ainda irá realizar a obtenção mas irá se recusar a
-unificar --- Alice terá que se livrar de suas mudanças locais de alguma
-forma e puxar de novo quando isso acontecer).
-
-Alice pode espiar o que Bob fez sem unificar primeiro, usando o comando
-"fetch"; isto permite Alice inspecionar o que Bob fez, usando um símbolo
-especial "FETCH_HEAD", com o fim de determinar se ele tem alguma coisa
-que vale puxar, assim:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-alice$ git fetch /home/bob/myrepo master
-alice$ git log -p HEAD..FETCH_HEAD
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Esta operação é segura mesmo se Alice tem mudanças locais não gravadas.
-A notação de intervalo "HEAD..FETCH_HEAD" significa mostrar tudo que é
-alcançável de FETCH_HEAD mas exclua tudo o que é alcançável de HEAD.
-Alice já sabe tudo que leva a seu estado atual (HEAD), e revisa o que Bob
-tem em seu estado (FETCH_HEAD) que ela ainda não viu com esse comando.
-
-Se Alice quer visualizar o que Bob fez desde que suas histórias se
-ramificaram, ela pode disparar o seguinte comando:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ gitk HEAD..FETCH_HEAD
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Isto usa a mesma notação de intervalo que vimos antes com 'git log'.
-
-Alice pode querer ver o que ambos fizeram desde que ramificaram. Ela
-pode usar a forma com três pontos ao invés da forma com dois pontos:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ gitk HEAD...FETCH_HEAD
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Isto significa "mostre tudo que é alcançável de qualquer um deles, mas
-exclua tudo que é alcançável a partir de ambos".
-
-Por favor, note que essas notações de intervalo podem ser usadas tanto
-com gitk quanto com "git log".
-
-Após inspecionar o que Bob fez, se não há nada urgente, Alice pode
-decidir continuar trabalhando sem puxar de Bob. Se a história de Bob
-tem alguma coisa que Alice precisa imediatamente, Alice pode optar por
-separar seu trabalho em progresso primeiro, fazer um "pull", e, então,
-finalmente, retomar seu trabalho em progresso em cima da história
-resultante.
-
-Quando você está trabalhando em um pequeno grupo unido, não é incomum
-interagir com o mesmo repositório várias e várias vezes. Definindo um
-repositório remoto antes de tudo, você pode fazê-lo mais facilmente:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-alice$ git remote add bob /home/bob/myrepo
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Com isso, Alice pode executar a primeira parte da operação "pull" usando
-o comando 'git-fetch' sem unificar suas mudanças com seu próprio ramo,
-usando:
-
--------------------------------------
-alice$ git fetch bob
--------------------------------------
-
-Diferente da forma longa, quando Alice obteve de Bob usando um
-repositório remoto antes definido com 'git-remote', o que foi obtido é
-armazenado em um ramo remoto, neste caso `bob/master`. Então, após isso:
-
--------------------------------------
-alice$ git log -p master..bob/master
--------------------------------------
-
-mostra uma lista de todas as mudanças que Bob fez desde que ramificou do
-ramo master de Alice.
-
-Após examinar essas mudanças, Alice pode unificá-las em seu ramo master:
-
--------------------------------------
-alice$ git merge bob/master
--------------------------------------
-
-Esse `merge` pode também ser feito puxando de seu próprio ramo remoto,
-assim:
-
--------------------------------------
-alice$ git pull . remotes/bob/master
--------------------------------------
-
-Note que 'git pull' sempre unifica ao ramo atual, independente do que
-mais foi passado na linha de comando.
-
-Depois, Bob pode atualizar seu repositório com as últimas mudanças de
-Alice, usando
-
--------------------------------------
-bob$ git pull
--------------------------------------
-
-Note que ele não precisa dar o caminho do repositório de Alice; quando
-Bob clonou seu repositório, o git armazenou a localização de seu
-repositório na configuração do mesmo, e essa localização é usada
-para puxar:
-
--------------------------------------
-bob$ git config --get remote.origin.url
-/home/alice/project
--------------------------------------
-
-(A configuração completa criada por 'git-clone' é visível usando `git
-config -l`, e a página de manual linkgit:git-config[1] explica o
-significado de cada opção.)
-
-Git também mantém uma cópia limpa do ramo master de Alice sob o nome
-"origin/master":
-
--------------------------------------
-bob$ git branch -r
-  origin/master
--------------------------------------
-
-Se Bob decidir depois em trabalhar em um host diferente, ele ainda pode
-executar clones e puxar usando o protocolo ssh:
-
--------------------------------------
-bob$ git clone alice.org:/home/alice/project myrepo
--------------------------------------
-
-Alternativamente, o git tem um protocolo nativo, ou pode usar rsync ou
-http; veja linkgit:git-pull[1] para detalhes.
-
-Git pode também ser usado em um modo parecido com CVS, com um
-repositório central para o qual vários usuários empurram modificações;
-veja linkgit:git-push[1] e linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7].
-
-Explorando história
------------------
-
-A história no git é representada como uma série de commits
-interrelacionados. Nós já vimos que o comando 'git-log' pode listar
-esses commits. Note que a primeira linha de cada entrada no log também
-dá o nome para o commit:
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git log
-commit c82a22c39cbc32576f64f5c6b3f24b99ea8149c7
-Author: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
-Date:   Tue May 16 17:18:22 2006 -0700
-
-    merge-base: Clarify the comments on post processing.
--------------------------------------
-
-Nós podemos dar este nome ao 'git-show' para ver os detalhes sobre este
-commit.
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git show c82a22c39cbc32576f64f5c6b3f24b99ea8149c7
--------------------------------------
-
-Mas há outras formas de se referir aos commits. Você pode usar qualquer
-parte inicial do nome que seja longo o bastante para identificar
-unicamente o commit:
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git show c82a22c39c	# os primeiros caracteres do nome são o bastante
-			# usualmente
-$ git show HEAD		# a ponta do ramo atual
-$ git show experimental	# a ponta do ramo "experimental"
--------------------------------------
-
-Todo commit normalmente tem um commit "pai" que aponta para o estado
-anterior do projeto:
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git show HEAD^  # para ver o pai de HEAD
-$ git show HEAD^^ # para ver o avô de HEAD
-$ git show HEAD~4 # para ver o trisavô de HEAD
--------------------------------------
-
-Note que commits de unificação podem ter mais de um pai:
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git show HEAD^1 # mostra o primeiro pai de HEAD (o mesmo que HEAD^)
-$ git show HEAD^2 # mostra o segundo pai de HEAD
--------------------------------------
-
-Você também pode dar aos commits nomes à sua escolha; após executar
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git tag v2.5 1b2e1d63ff
--------------------------------------
-
-você pode se referir a 1b2e1d63ff pelo nome "v2.5". Se você pretende
-compartilhar esse nome com outras pessoas (por exemplo, para identificar
-uma versão de lançamento), você deveria criar um objeto "tag", e talvez
-assiná-lo; veja linkgit:git-tag[1] para detalhes.
-
-Qualquer comando git que precise conhecer um commit pode receber
-quaisquer desses nomes. Por exemplo:
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git diff v2.5 HEAD	 # compara o HEAD atual com v2.5
-$ git branch stable v2.5 # inicia um novo ramo chamado "stable" baseado
-			 # em v2.5
-$ git reset --hard HEAD^ # reseta seu ramo atual e seu diretório de
-			 # trabalho a seu estado em HEAD^
--------------------------------------
-
-Seja cuidadoso com o último comando: além de perder quaisquer mudanças
-em seu diretório de trabalho, ele também remove todos os commits
-posteriores desse ramo. Se esse ramo é o único ramo contendo esses
-commits, eles serão perdidos. Também, não use 'git-reset' num ramo
-publicamente visível de onde outros desenvolvedores puxam, já que vai
-forçar unificações desnecessárias para que outros desenvolvedores limpem
-a história. Se você precisa desfazer mudanças que você empurrou, use
-'git-revert' no lugar.
-
-O comando 'git-grep' pode buscar strings em qualquer versão de seu
-projeto, então
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git grep "hello" v2.5
--------------------------------------
-
-procura por todas as ocorrências de "hello" em v2.5.
-
-Se você deixar de fora o nome do commit, 'git-grep' irá procurar
-quaisquer dos arquivos que ele gerencia no diretório corrente. Então
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git grep "hello"
--------------------------------------
-
-é uma forma rápida de buscar somente os arquivos que são rastreados pelo
-git.
-
-Muitos comandos git também recebem um conjunto de commits, o que pode
-ser especificado de várias formas. Aqui estão alguns exemplos com 'git-log':
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git log v2.5..v2.6            # commits entre v2.5 e v2.6
-$ git log v2.5..                # commits desde v2.5
-$ git log --since="2 weeks ago" # commits das últimas 2 semanas
-$ git log v2.5.. Makefile       # commits desde v2.5 que modificam
-				# Makefile
--------------------------------------
-
-Você também pode dar ao 'git-log' um "intervalo" de commits onde o
-primeiro não é necessariamente um ancestral do segundo; por exemplo, se
-as pontas dos ramos "stable" e "master" divergiram de um commit
-comum algum tempo atrás, então
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git log stable..master
--------------------------------------
-
-irá listar os commits feitos no ramo "master" mas não no ramo
-"stable", enquanto
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git log master..stable
--------------------------------------
-
-irá listar a lista de commits feitos no ramo "stable" mas não no ramo
-"master".
-
-O comando 'git-log' tem uma fraqueza: ele precisa mostrar os commits em
-uma lista. Quando a história tem linhas de desenvolvimento que
-divergiram e então foram unificadas novamente, a ordem em que 'git-log'
-apresenta essas mudanças é irrelevante.
-
-A maioria dos projetos com múltiplos contribuidores (como o kernel
-Linux, ou o próprio git) tem unificações frequentes, e 'gitk' faz um
-trabalho melhor de visualizar sua história. Por exemplo,
-
--------------------------------------
-$ gitk --since="2 weeks ago" drivers/
--------------------------------------
-
-permite a você navegar em quaisquer commits desde as últimas duas semanas
-de commits que modificaram arquivos sob o diretório "drivers". (Nota:
-você pode ajustar as fontes do gitk segurando a tecla control enquanto
-pressiona "-" ou "+".)
-
-Finalmente, a maioria dos comandos que recebem nomes de arquivo permitirão
-também, opcionalmente, preceder qualquer nome de arquivo por um
-commit, para especificar uma versão particular do arquivo:
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git diff v2.5:Makefile HEAD:Makefile.in
--------------------------------------
-
-Você pode usar 'git-show' para ver tal arquivo:
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git show v2.5:Makefile
--------------------------------------
-
-Próximos passos
-----------
-
-Este tutorial deve ser o bastante para operar controle de revisão
-distribuído básico para seus projetos. No entanto, para entender
-plenamente a profundidade e o poder do git você precisa entender duas
-idéias simples nas quais ele se baseia:
-
-  * A base de objetos é um sistema bem elegante usado para armazenar a
-    história de seu projeto--arquivos, diretórios, e commits.
-
-  * O arquivo de índice é um cache do estado de uma árvore de diretório,
-    usado para criar commits, restaurar diretórios de trabalho, e
-    armazenar as várias árvores envolvidas em uma unificação.
-
-A parte dois deste tutorial explica a base de objetos, o arquivo de
-índice, e algumas outras coisinhas que você vai precisar pra usar o
-máximo do git. Você pode encontrá-la em linkgit:gittutorial-2[7].
-
-Se você não quiser continuar com o tutorial agora nesse momento, algumas
-outras digressões que podem ser interessantes neste ponto são:
-
-  * linkgit:git-format-patch[1], linkgit:git-am[1]: Estes convertem
-    séries de commits em patches para email, e vice-versa, úteis para
-    projetos como o kernel Linux que dependem fortemente de patches
-    enviados por email.
-
-  * linkgit:git-bisect[1]: Quando há uma regressão em seu projeto, uma
-    forma de rastrear um bug é procurando pela história para encontrar o
-    commit culpado. Git bisect pode ajudar a executar uma busca binária
-    por esse commit. Ele é inteligente o bastante para executar uma
-    busca próxima da ótima mesmo no caso de uma história complexa
-    não-linear com muitos ramos unificados.
-
-  * link:everyday.html[GIT diariamente com 20 e tantos comandos]
-
-  * linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7]: Git para usuários de CVS.
-
-VEJA TAMBÉM
---------
-linkgit:gittutorial-2[7],
-linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7],
-linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7],
-linkgit:gitglossary[7],
-linkgit:git-help[1],
-link:everyday.html[git diariamente],
-link:user-manual.html[O Manual do Usuário git]
-
-GIT
----
-Parte da suite linkgit:git[1].
diff --git a/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt b/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt
index 1ae3c89..3bdbf5e 100644
--- a/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt
@@ -3,12 +3,20 @@
 
 Besides specifying a range of commits that should be listed using the
 special notations explained in the description, additional commit
-limiting may be applied. Note that they are applied before commit
-ordering and formatting options, such as '--reverse'.
+limiting may be applied.
+
+Using more options generally further limits the output (e.g.
+`--since=<date1>` limits to commits newer than `<date1>`, and using it
+with `--grep=<pattern>` further limits to commits whose log message
+has a line that matches `<pattern>`), unless otherwise noted.
+
+Note that these are applied before commit
+ordering and formatting options, such as `--reverse`.
 
 --
 
--n 'number'::
+-<number>::
+-n <number>::
 --max-count=<number>::
 
 	Limit the number of commits to output.
@@ -38,22 +46,44 @@
 --committer=<pattern>::
 
 	Limit the commits output to ones with author/committer
-	header lines that match the specified pattern (regular expression).
+	header lines that match the specified pattern (regular
+	expression).  With more than one `--author=<pattern>`,
+	commits whose author matches any of the given patterns are
+	chosen (similarly for multiple `--committer=<pattern>`).
+
+--grep-reflog=<pattern>::
+
+	Limit the commits output to ones with reflog entries that
+	match the specified pattern (regular expression). With
+	more than one `--grep-reflog`, commits whose reflog message
+	matches any of the given patterns are chosen.  It is an
+	error to use this option unless `--walk-reflogs` is in use.
 
 --grep=<pattern>::
 
 	Limit the commits output to ones with log message that
-	matches the specified pattern (regular expression).
+	matches the specified pattern (regular expression).  With
+	more than one `--grep=<pattern>`, commits whose message
+	matches any of the given patterns are chosen (but see
+	`--all-match`).
++
+When `--show-notes` is in effect, the message from the notes as
+if it is part of the log message.
 
 --all-match::
 	Limit the commits output to ones that match all given --grep,
-	--author and --committer instead of ones that match at least one.
+	instead of ones that match at least one.
 
 -i::
 --regexp-ignore-case::
 
 	Match the regexp limiting patterns without regard to letters case.
 
+--basic-regexp::
+
+	Consider the limiting patterns to be basic regular expressions;
+	this is the default.
+
 -E::
 --extended-regexp::
 
@@ -66,6 +96,11 @@
 	Consider the limiting patterns to be fixed strings (don't interpret
 	pattern as a regular expression).
 
+--perl-regexp::
+
+	Consider the limiting patterns to be Perl-compatible regexp.
+	Requires libpcre to be compiled in.
+
 --remove-empty::
 
 	Stop when a given path disappears from the tree.
@@ -578,16 +613,33 @@
 
 By default, the commits are shown in reverse chronological order.
 
---topo-order::
-
-	This option makes them appear in topological order (i.e.
-	descendant commits are shown before their parents).
-
 --date-order::
+	Show no parents before all of its children are shown, but
+	otherwise show commits in the commit timestamp order.
 
-	This option is similar to '--topo-order' in the sense that no
-	parent comes before all of its children, but otherwise things
-	are still ordered in the commit timestamp order.
+--topo-order::
+	Show no parents before all of its children are shown, and
+	avoid showing commits on multiple lines of history
+	intermixed.
++
+For example, in a commit history like this:
++
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    ---1----2----4----7
+	\	       \
+	 3----5----6----8---
+
+----------------------------------------------------------------
++
+where the numbers denote the order of commit timestamps, `git
+rev-list` and friends with `--date-order` show the commits in the
+timestamp order: 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1.
++
+With `--topo-order`, they would show 8 6 5 3 7 4 2 1 (or 8 7 4 2 6 5
+3 1); some older commits are shown before newer ones in order to
+avoid showing the commits from two parallel development track mixed
+together.
 
 --reverse::
 
@@ -597,7 +649,7 @@
 Object Traversal
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-These options are mostly targeted for packing of git repositories.
+These options are mostly targeted for packing of Git repositories.
 
 --objects::
 
@@ -619,9 +671,14 @@
 	Only useful with '--objects'; print the object IDs that are not
 	in packs.
 
---no-walk::
+--no-walk[=(sorted|unsorted)]::
 
-	Only show the given revs, but do not traverse their ancestors.
+	Only show the given commits, but do not traverse their ancestors.
+	This has no effect if a range is specified. If the argument
+	"unsorted" is given, the commits are show in the order they were
+	given on the command line. Otherwise (if "sorted" or no argument
+	was given), the commits are show in reverse chronological order
+	by commit time.
 
 --do-walk::
 
@@ -660,7 +717,7 @@
 +
 `--date=short` shows only date but not time, in `YYYY-MM-DD` format.
 +
-`--date=raw` shows the date in the internal raw git format `%s %z` format.
+`--date=raw` shows the date in the internal raw Git format `%s %z` format.
 +
 `--date=default` shows timestamps in the original timezone
 (either committer's or author's).
@@ -759,7 +816,7 @@
 
 --cc::
 
-	This flag implies the '-c' options and further compresses the
+	This flag implies the '-c' option and further compresses the
 	patch output by omitting uninteresting hunks whose contents in
 	the parents have only two variants and the merge result picks
 	one of them without modification.
diff --git a/Documentation/revisions.txt b/Documentation/revisions.txt
index 1725661..d477b3f 100644
--- a/Documentation/revisions.txt
+++ b/Documentation/revisions.txt
@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@
 --------------------
 
 A revision parameter '<rev>' typically, but not necessarily, names a
-commit object.  It uses what is called an 'extended SHA1'
+commit object.  It uses what is called an 'extended SHA-1'
 syntax.  Here are various ways to spell object names.  The
 ones listed near the end of this list name trees and
 blobs contained in a commit.
 
 '<sha1>', e.g. 'dae86e1950b1277e545cee180551750029cfe735', 'dae86e'::
-  The full SHA1 object name (40-byte hexadecimal string), or
+  The full SHA-1 object name (40-byte hexadecimal string), or
   a leading substring that is unique within the repository.
   E.g. dae86e1950b1277e545cee180551750029cfe735 and dae86e both
   name the same commit object if there is no other object in
@@ -23,23 +23,23 @@
   A symbolic ref name.  E.g. 'master' typically means the commit
   object referenced by 'refs/heads/master'.  If you
   happen to have both 'heads/master' and 'tags/master', you can
-  explicitly say 'heads/master' to tell git which one you mean.
-  When ambiguous, a '<name>' is disambiguated by taking the
+  explicitly say 'heads/master' to tell Git which one you mean.
+  When ambiguous, a '<refname>' is disambiguated by taking the
   first match in the following rules:
 
-  . If '$GIT_DIR/<name>' exists, that is what you mean (this is usually
+  . If '$GIT_DIR/<refname>' exists, that is what you mean (this is usually
     useful only for 'HEAD', 'FETCH_HEAD', 'ORIG_HEAD', 'MERGE_HEAD'
     and 'CHERRY_PICK_HEAD');
 
-  . otherwise, 'refs/<name>' if it exists;
+  . otherwise, 'refs/<refname>' if it exists;
 
   . otherwise, 'refs/tags/<refname>' if it exists;
 
-  . otherwise, 'refs/heads/<name>' if it exists;
+  . otherwise, 'refs/heads/<refname>' if it exists;
 
-  . otherwise, 'refs/remotes/<name>' if it exists;
+  . otherwise, 'refs/remotes/<refname>' if it exists;
 
-  . otherwise, 'refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD' if it exists.
+  . otherwise, 'refs/remotes/<refname>/HEAD' if it exists.
 +
 'HEAD' names the commit on which you based the changes in the working tree.
 'FETCH_HEAD' records the branch which you fetched from a remote repository
@@ -55,6 +55,8 @@
 +
 Note that any of the 'refs/*' cases above may come either from
 the '$GIT_DIR/refs' directory or from the '$GIT_DIR/packed-refs' file.
+While the ref name encoding is unspecified, UTF-8 is preferred as
+some output processing may assume ref names in UTF-8.
 
 '<refname>@\{<date>\}', e.g. 'master@\{yesterday\}', 'HEAD@\{5 minutes ago\}'::
   A ref followed by the suffix '@' with a date specification
@@ -86,10 +88,10 @@
   The construct '@\{-<n>\}' means the <n>th branch checked out
   before the current one.
 
-'<refname>@\{upstream\}', e.g. 'master@\{upstream\}', '@\{u\}'::
-  The suffix '@\{upstream\}' to a ref (short form '<refname>@\{u\}') refers to
-  the branch the ref is set to build on top of.  A missing ref defaults
-  to the current branch.
+'<branchname>@\{upstream\}', e.g. 'master@\{upstream\}', '@\{u\}'::
+  The suffix '@\{upstream\}' to a branchname (short form '<branchname>@\{u\}')
+  refers to the branch that the branch specified by branchname is set to build on
+  top of.  A missing branchname defaults to the current one.
 
 '<rev>{caret}', e.g. 'HEAD{caret}, v1.5.1{caret}0'::
   A suffix '{caret}' to a revision parameter means the first parent of
@@ -114,6 +116,11 @@
   object of that type is found or the object cannot be
   dereferenced anymore (in which case, barf).  '<rev>{caret}0'
   is a short-hand for '<rev>{caret}\{commit\}'.
++
+'rev{caret}\{object\}' can be used to make sure 'rev' names an
+object that exists, without requiring 'rev' to be a tag, and
+without dereferencing 'rev'; because a tag is already an object,
+it does not have to be dereferenced even once to get to an object.
 
 '<rev>{caret}\{\}', e.g. 'v0.99.8{caret}\{\}'::
   A suffix '{caret}' followed by an empty brace pair
@@ -213,18 +220,58 @@
 It is the set of commits that are reachable from either one of
 'r1' or 'r2' but not from both.
 
+In these two shorthands, you can omit one end and let it default to HEAD.
+For example, 'origin..' is a shorthand for 'origin..HEAD' and asks "What
+did I do since I forked from the origin branch?"  Similarly, '..origin'
+is a shorthand for 'HEAD..origin' and asks "What did the origin do since
+I forked from them?"  Note that '..' would mean 'HEAD..HEAD' which is an
+empty range that is both reachable and unreachable from HEAD.
+
 Two other shorthands for naming a set that is formed by a commit
 and its parent commits exist.  The 'r1{caret}@' notation means all
 parents of 'r1'.  'r1{caret}!' includes commit 'r1' but excludes
 all of its parents.
 
+To summarize:
+
+'<rev>'::
+	Include commits that are reachable from (i.e. ancestors of)
+	<rev>.
+
+'{caret}<rev>'::
+	Exclude commits that are reachable from (i.e. ancestors of)
+	<rev>.
+
+'<rev1>..<rev2>'::
+	Include commits that are reachable from <rev2> but exclude
+	those that are reachable from <rev1>.  When either <rev1> or
+	<rev2> is omitted, it defaults to 'HEAD'.
+
+'<rev1>\...<rev2>'::
+	Include commits that are reachable from either <rev1> or
+	<rev2> but exclude those that are reachable from both.  When
+	either <rev1> or <rev2> is omitted, it defaults to 'HEAD'.
+
+'<rev>{caret}@', e.g. 'HEAD{caret}@'::
+  A suffix '{caret}' followed by an at sign is the same as listing
+  all parents of '<rev>' (meaning, include anything reachable from
+  its parents, but not the commit itself).
+
+'<rev>{caret}!', e.g. 'HEAD{caret}!'::
+  A suffix '{caret}' followed by an exclamation mark is the same
+  as giving commit '<rev>' and then all its parents prefixed with
+  '{caret}' to exclude them (and their ancestors).
+
 Here are a handful of examples:
 
    D                G H D
    D F              G H I J D F
    ^G D             H D
    ^D B             E I J F B
+   B..C             C
    B...C            G H D E B C
    ^D B C           E I J F B C
+   C                I J F C
    C^@              I J F
+   C^!              C
    F^! D            G H D F
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-allocation-growing.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-allocation-growing.txt
index 43dbe09..542946b 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-allocation-growing.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-allocation-growing.txt
@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@
 
 Define your array with:
 
-* a pointer (`ary`) that points at the array, initialized to `NULL`;
+* a pointer (`item`) that points at the array, initialized to `NULL`
+  (although please name the variable based on its contents, not on its
+  type);
 
 * an integer variable (`alloc`) that keeps track of how big the current
   allocation is, initialized to `0`;
@@ -13,22 +15,22 @@
 * another integer variable (`nr`) to keep track of how many elements the
   array currently has, initialized to `0`.
 
-Then before adding `n`th element to the array, call `ALLOC_GROW(ary, n,
+Then before adding `n`th element to the item, call `ALLOC_GROW(item, n,
 alloc)`.  This ensures that the array can hold at least `n` elements by
 calling `realloc(3)` and adjusting `alloc` variable.
 
 ------------
-sometype *ary;
+sometype *item;
 size_t nr;
 size_t alloc
 
 for (i = 0; i < nr; i++)
-	if (we like ary[i] already)
+	if (we like item[i] already)
 		return;
 
 /* we did not like any existing one, so add one */
-ALLOC_GROW(ary, nr + 1, alloc);
-ary[nr++] = value you like;
+ALLOC_GROW(item, nr + 1, alloc);
+item[nr++] = value you like;
 ------------
 
 You are responsible for updating the `nr` variable.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-argv-array.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-argv-array.txt
index 1b7d8f1..a6b7d83 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-argv-array.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-argv-array.txt
@@ -46,6 +46,18 @@
 	Format a string and push it onto the end of the array. This is a
 	convenience wrapper combining `strbuf_addf` and `argv_array_push`.
 
+`argv_array_pop`::
+	Remove the final element from the array. If there are no
+	elements in the array, do nothing.
+
 `argv_array_clear`::
 	Free all memory associated with the array and return it to the
 	initial, empty state.
+
+`argv_array_detach`::
+	Detach the argv array from the `struct argv_array`, transferring
+	ownership of the allocated array and strings.
+
+`argv_array_free_detached`::
+	Free the memory allocated by a `struct argv_array` that was later
+	detached and is now no longer needed.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-builtin.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-builtin.txt
index b0cafe8..4a4228b 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-builtin.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-builtin.txt
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 ---------------------
 
 There are 4 things to do to add a built-in command implementation to
-git:
+Git:
 
 . Define the implementation of the built-in command `foo` with
   signature:
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 
 `RUN_SETUP`::
 
-	Make sure there is a git directory to work on, and if there is a
+	Make sure there is a Git directory to work on, and if there is a
 	work tree, chdir to the top of it if the command was invoked
 	in a subdirectory.  If there is no work tree, no chdir() is
 	done.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-config.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-config.txt
index edf8dfb..230b3a0 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-config.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-config.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 config API
 ==========
 
-The config API gives callers a way to access git configuration files
+The config API gives callers a way to access Git configuration files
 (and files which have the same syntax). See linkgit:git-config[1] for a
 discussion of the config file syntax.
 
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 caller-provided callback function. The callback function is responsible
 for any actions to be taken on the config option, and is free to ignore
 some options. It is not uncommon for the configuration to be parsed
-several times during the run of a git program, with different callbacks
+several times during the run of a Git program, with different callbacks
 picking out different variables useful to themselves.
 
 A config callback function takes three parameters:
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
 ---------------------
 
 Most programs will simply want to look up variables in all config files
-that git knows about, using the normal precedence rules. To do this,
+that Git knows about, using the normal precedence rules. To do this,
 call `git_config` with a callback function and void data pointer.
 
 `git_config` will read all config sources in order of increasing
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
 
 The `git_config_with_options` function lets the caller examine config
 while adjusting some of the default behavior of `git_config`. It should
-almost never be used by "regular" git code that is looking up
+almost never be used by "regular" Git code that is looking up
 configuration variables. It is intended for advanced callers like
 `git-config`, which are intentionally tweaking the normal config-lookup
 process. It takes two extra parameters:
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@
 There is a special version of `git_config` called `git_config_early`.
 This version takes an additional parameter to specify the repository
 config, instead of having it looked up via `git_path`. This is useful
-early in a git program before the repository has been found. Unless
+early in a Git program before the repository has been found. Unless
 you're working with early setup code, you probably don't want to use
 this.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-credentials.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-credentials.txt
index adb6f0c..c1b42a4 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-credentials.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-credentials.txt
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@
 refers to a username and password pair).
 
 This document describes two interfaces: the C API that the credential
-subsystem provides to the rest of git, and the protocol that git uses to
+subsystem provides to the rest of Git, and the protocol that Git uses to
 communicate with system-specific "credential helpers". If you are
-writing git code that wants to look up or prompt for credentials, see
+writing Git code that wants to look up or prompt for credentials, see
 the section "C API" below. If you want to write your own helper, see
 the section on "Credential Helpers" below.
 
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 ------------
 +-----------------------+
-| git code (C)          |--- to server requiring --->
+| Git code (C)          |--- to server requiring --->
 |                       |        authentication
 |.......................|
 | C credential API      |--- prompt ---> User
@@ -27,11 +27,11 @@
 	| pipe |
 	|      v
 +-----------------------+
-| git credential helper |
+| Git credential helper |
 +-----------------------+
 ------------
 
-The git code (typically a remote-helper) will call the C API to obtain
+The Git code (typically a remote-helper) will call the C API to obtain
 credential data like a login/password pair (credential_fill). The
 API will itself call a remote helper (e.g. "git credential-cache" or
 "git credential-store") that may retrieve credential data from a
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
 C API
 -----
 
-The credential C API is meant to be called by git code which needs to
+The credential C API is meant to be called by Git code which needs to
 acquire or store a credential. It is centered around an object
 representing a single credential and provides three basic operations:
 fill (acquire credentials by calling helpers and/or prompting the user),
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@
 		break;
 	default:
 		/*
-		 * Some other error occured. We don't know if the
+		 * Some other error occurred. We don't know if the
 		 * credential is good or bad, so report nothing to the
 		 * credential subsystem.
 		 */
@@ -177,14 +177,14 @@
 Credential Helpers
 ------------------
 
-Credential helpers are programs executed by git to fetch or save
+Credential helpers are programs executed by Git to fetch or save
 credentials from and to long-term storage (where "long-term" is simply
-longer than a single git process; e.g., credentials may be stored
+longer than a single Git process; e.g., credentials may be stored
 in-memory for a few minutes, or indefinitely on disk).
 
 Each helper is specified by a single string in the configuration
 variable `credential.helper` (and others, see linkgit:git-config[1]).
-The string is transformed by git into a command to be executed using
+The string is transformed by Git into a command to be executed using
 these rules:
 
   1. If the helper string begins with "!", it is considered a shell
@@ -241,47 +241,14 @@
 	Remove a matching credential, if any, from the helper's storage.
 
 The details of the credential will be provided on the helper's stdin
-stream. The credential is split into a set of named attributes.
-Attributes are provided to the helper, one per line. Each attribute is
-specified by a key-value pair, separated by an `=` (equals) sign,
-followed by a newline. The key may contain any bytes except `=`,
-newline, or NUL. The value may contain any bytes except newline or NUL.
-In both cases, all bytes are treated as-is (i.e., there is no quoting,
-and one cannot transmit a value with newline or NUL in it). The list of
-attributes is terminated by a blank line or end-of-file.
-
-Git will send the following attributes (but may not send all of
-them for a given credential; for example, a `host` attribute makes no
-sense when dealing with a non-network protocol):
-
-`protocol`::
-
-	The protocol over which the credential will be used (e.g.,
-	`https`).
-
-`host`::
-
-	The remote hostname for a network credential.
-
-`path`::
-
-	The path with which the credential will be used. E.g., for
-	accessing a remote https repository, this will be the
-	repository's path on the server.
-
-`username`::
-
-	The credential's username, if we already have one (e.g., from a
-	URL, from the user, or from a previously run helper).
-
-`password`::
-
-	The credential's password, if we are asking it to be stored.
+stream. The exact format is the same as the input/output format of the
+`git credential` plumbing command (see the section `INPUT/OUTPUT
+FORMAT` in linkgit:git-credential[7] for a detailed specification).
 
 For a `get` operation, the helper should produce a list of attributes
 on stdout in the same format. A helper is free to produce a subset, or
 even no values at all if it has nothing useful to provide. Any provided
-attributes will overwrite those already known about by git.
+attributes will overwrite those already known about by Git.
 
 For a `store` or `erase` operation, the helper's output is ignored.
 If it fails to perform the requested operation, it may complain to
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-directory-listing.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-directory-listing.txt
index add6f43..7f8e78d 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-directory-listing.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-directory-listing.txt
@@ -9,37 +9,51 @@
 --------------
 
 `struct dir_struct` structure is used to pass directory traversal
-options to the library and to record the paths discovered.  The notable
-options are:
+options to the library and to record the paths discovered.  A single
+`struct dir_struct` is used regardless of whether or not the traversal
+recursively descends into subdirectories.
+
+The notable options are:
 
 `exclude_per_dir`::
 
 	The name of the file to be read in each directory for excluded
 	files (typically `.gitignore`).
 
-`collect_ignored`::
+`flags`::
 
-	Include paths that are to be excluded in the result.
+	A bit-field of options (the `*IGNORED*` flags are mutually exclusive):
 
-`show_ignored`::
+`DIR_SHOW_IGNORED`:::
 
-	The traversal is for finding just ignored files, not unignored
-	files.
+	Return just ignored files in `entries[]`, not untracked files.
 
-`show_other_directories`::
+`DIR_SHOW_IGNORED_TOO`:::
+
+	Similar to `DIR_SHOW_IGNORED`, but return ignored files in `ignored[]`
+	in addition to untracked files in `entries[]`.
+
+`DIR_COLLECT_IGNORED`:::
+
+	Special mode for git-add. Return ignored files in `ignored[]` and
+	untracked files in `entries[]`. Only returns ignored files that match
+	pathspec exactly (no wildcards). Does not recurse into ignored
+	directories.
+
+`DIR_SHOW_OTHER_DIRECTORIES`:::
 
 	Include a directory that is not tracked.
 
-`hide_empty_directories`::
+`DIR_HIDE_EMPTY_DIRECTORIES`:::
 
 	Do not include a directory that is not tracked and is empty.
 
-`no_gitlinks`::
+`DIR_NO_GITLINKS`:::
 
-	If set, recurse into a directory that looks like a git
+	If set, recurse into a directory that looks like a Git
 	directory.  Otherwise it is shown as a directory.
 
-The result of the enumeration is left in these fields::
+The result of the enumeration is left in these fields:
 
 `entries[]`::
 
@@ -54,6 +68,14 @@
 
 	Internal use; keeps track of allocation of `entries[]` array.
 
+`ignored[]`::
+
+	An array of `struct dir_entry`, used for ignored paths with the
+	`DIR_SHOW_IGNORED_TOO` and `DIR_COLLECT_IGNORED` flags.
+
+`ignored_nr`::
+
+	The number of members in `ignored[]` array.
 
 Calling sequence
 ----------------
@@ -64,11 +86,13 @@
 * Prepare `struct dir_struct dir` and clear it with `memset(&dir, 0,
   sizeof(dir))`.
 
-* Call `add_exclude()` to add single exclude pattern,
-  `add_excludes_from_file()` to add patterns from a file
-  (e.g. `.git/info/exclude`), and/or set `dir.exclude_per_dir`.  A
-  short-hand function `setup_standard_excludes()` can be used to set up
-  the standard set of exclude settings.
+* To add single exclude pattern, call `add_exclude_list()` and then
+  `add_exclude()`.
+
+* To add patterns from a file (e.g. `.git/info/exclude`), call
+  `add_excludes_from_file()` , and/or set `dir.exclude_per_dir`.  A
+  short-hand function `setup_standard_excludes()` can be used to set
+  up the standard set of exclude settings.
 
 * Set options described in the Data Structure section above.
 
@@ -76,4 +100,6 @@
 
 * Use `dir.entries[]`.
 
+* Call `clear_directory()` when none of the contained elements are no longer in use.
+
 (JC)
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-history-graph.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-history-graph.txt
index d6fc90a..18142b6 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-history-graph.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-history-graph.txt
@@ -33,11 +33,11 @@
 They can all be called with a NULL graph argument, in which case no graph
 output will be printed.
 
-* `graph_show_commit()` calls `graph_next_line()` until it returns non-zero.
-  This prints all graph lines up to, and including, the line containing this
-  commit.  Output is printed to stdout.  The last line printed does not contain
-  a terminating newline.  This should not be called if the commit line has
-  already been printed, or it will loop forever.
+* `graph_show_commit()` calls `graph_next_line()` and
+  `graph_is_commit_finished()` until one of them return non-zero.  This prints
+  all graph lines up to, and including, the line containing this commit.
+  Output is printed to stdout.  The last line printed does not contain a
+  terminating newline.
 
 * `graph_show_oneline()` calls `graph_next_line()` and prints the result to
   stdout.  The line printed does not contain a terminating newline.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-index-skel.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-index-skel.txt
index af7cc2e..eda8c19 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-index-skel.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-index-skel.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-GIT API Documents
+Git API Documents
 =================
 
-GIT has grown a set of internal API over time.  This collection
+Git has grown a set of internal API over time.  This collection
 documents them.
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -11,5 +11,3 @@
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // table of contents end
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-
-2007-11-24
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-parse-options.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-parse-options.txt
index 3062389..32ddc1c 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-parse-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-parse-options.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 parse-options API
 =================
 
-The parse-options API is used to parse and massage options in git
+The parse-options API is used to parse and massage options in Git
 and to provide a usage help with consistent look.
 
 Basics
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-ref-iteration.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-ref-iteration.txt
index dbbea95..aa1c50f 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-ref-iteration.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-ref-iteration.txt
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
 * `head_ref_submodule()`, `for_each_ref_submodule()`,
   `for_each_ref_in_submodule()`, `for_each_tag_ref_submodule()`,
   `for_each_branch_ref_submodule()`, `for_each_remote_ref_submodule()`
-  do the same as the functions descibed above but for a specified
+  do the same as the functions described above but for a specified
   submodule.
 
 * `for_each_rawref()` can be used to learn about broken ref and symref.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-remote.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-remote.txt
index c54b17d..4be8776 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-remote.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-remote.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 The API in remote.h gives access to the configuration related to
 remotes. It handles all three configuration mechanisms historically
-and currently used by git, and presents the information in a uniform
+and currently used by Git, and presents the information in a uniform
 fashion. Note that the code also handles plain URLs without any
 configuration, giving them just the default information.
 
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
 `receivepack`, `uploadpack`::
 
 	The configured helper programs to run on the remote side, for
-	git-native protocols.
+	Git-native protocols.
 
 `http_proxy`::
 
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-run-command.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-run-command.txt
index f18b4f4..5d7d7f2 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-run-command.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-run-command.txt
@@ -55,10 +55,8 @@
   non-zero.
 
 . If the program terminated due to a signal, then the return value is the
-  signal number - 128, ie. it is negative and so indicates an unusual
-  condition; a diagnostic is printed. This return value can be passed to
-  exit(2), which will report the same code to the parent process that a
-  POSIX shell's $? would report for a program that died from the signal.
+  signal number + 128, ie. the same value that a POSIX shell's $? would
+  report.  A diagnostic is printed.
 
 
 `start_async`::
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-sha1-array.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-sha1-array.txt
index 4a4bae8..3e75497 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-sha1-array.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-sha1-array.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 sha1-array API
 ==============
 
-The sha1-array API provides storage and manipulation of sets of SHA1
+The sha1-array API provides storage and manipulation of sets of SHA-1
 identifiers. The emphasis is on storage and processing efficiency,
 making them suitable for large lists. Note that the ordering of items is
 not preserved over some operations.
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 
 `struct sha1_array`::
 
-	A single array of SHA1 hashes. This should be initialized by
+	A single array of SHA-1 hashes. This should be initialized by
 	assignment from `SHA1_ARRAY_INIT`.  The `sha1` member contains
 	the actual data. The `nr` member contains the number of items in
 	the set.  The `alloc` and `sorted` members are used internally,
@@ -25,9 +25,6 @@
 	the array (but note that some operations below may lose this
 	ordering).
 
-`sha1_array_sort`::
-	Sort the elements in the array.
-
 `sha1_array_lookup`::
 	Perform a binary search of the array for a specific sha1.
 	If found, returns the offset (in number of elements) of the
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-strbuf.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-strbuf.txt
index 95a8bf3..3350d97 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-strbuf.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-strbuf.txt
@@ -156,6 +156,11 @@
 	Remove the bytes between `pos..pos+len` and replace it with the given
 	data.
 
+`strbuf_add_commented_lines`::
+
+	Add a NUL-terminated string to the buffer. Each line will be prepended
+	by a comment character and a blank.
+
 `strbuf_add`::
 
 	Add data of given length to the buffer.
@@ -225,10 +230,20 @@
 	destination. This is useful for literal data to be fed to either
 	strbuf_expand or to the *printf family of functions.
 
+`strbuf_humanise_bytes`::
+
+	Append the given byte size as a human-readable string (i.e. 12.23 KiB,
+	3.50 MiB).
+
 `strbuf_addf`::
 
 	Add a formatted string to the buffer.
 
+`strbuf_commented_addf`::
+
+	Add a formatted string prepended by a comment character and a
+	blank to the buffer.
+
 `strbuf_fread`::
 
 	Read a given size of data from a FILE* pointer to the buffer.
@@ -279,6 +294,22 @@
 	Strip whitespace from a buffer. The second parameter controls if
 	comments are considered contents to be removed or not.
 
+`strbuf_split_buf`::
+`strbuf_split_str`::
+`strbuf_split_max`::
+`strbuf_split`::
+
+	Split a string or strbuf into a list of strbufs at a specified
+	terminator character.  The returned substrings include the
+	terminator characters.  Some of these functions take a `max`
+	parameter, which, if positive, limits the output to that
+	number of substrings.
+
+`strbuf_list_free`::
+
+	Free a list of strbufs (for example, the return values of the
+	`strbuf_split()` functions).
+
 `launch_editor`::
 
 	Launch the user preferred editor to edit a file and fill the buffer
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-string-list.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-string-list.txt
index 5a0c14f..20be348 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-string-list.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-string-list.txt
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 string-list API
 ===============
 
-The string_list API offers a data structure and functions to handle sorted
-and unsorted string lists.
+The string_list API offers a data structure and functions to handle
+sorted and unsorted string lists.  A "sorted" list is one whose
+entries are sorted by string value in `strcmp()` order.
 
 The 'string_list' struct used to be called 'path_list', but was renamed
 because it is not specific to paths.
@@ -20,8 +21,9 @@
 member (you need this if you add things later) and you should set the
 `nr` and `alloc` members in that case, too.
 
-. Adds new items to the list, using `string_list_append` or
-  `string_list_insert`.
+. Adds new items to the list, using `string_list_append`,
+  `string_list_append_nodup`, `string_list_insert`,
+  `string_list_split`, and/or `string_list_split_in_place`.
 
 . Can check if a string is in the list using `string_list_has_string` or
   `unsorted_string_list_has_string` and get it from the list using
@@ -29,18 +31,24 @@
 
 . Can sort an unsorted list using `sort_string_list`.
 
+. Can remove duplicate items from a sorted list using
+  `string_list_remove_duplicates`.
+
 . Can remove individual items of an unsorted list using
   `unsorted_string_list_delete_item`.
 
+. Can remove items not matching a criterion from a sorted or unsorted
+  list using `filter_string_list`, or remove empty strings using
+  `string_list_remove_empty_items`.
+
 . Finally it should free the list using `string_list_clear`.
 
 Example:
 
 ----
-struct string_list list;
+struct string_list list = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 int i;
 
-memset(&list, 0, sizeof(struct string_list));
 string_list_append(&list, "foo");
 string_list_append(&list, "bar");
 for (i = 0; i < list.nr; i++)
@@ -60,6 +68,20 @@
 
 * General ones (works with sorted and unsorted lists as well)
 
+`filter_string_list`::
+
+	Apply a function to each item in a list, retaining only the
+	items for which the function returns true.  If free_util is
+	true, call free() on the util members of any items that have
+	to be deleted.  Preserve the order of the items that are
+	retained.
+
+`string_list_remove_empty_items`::
+
+	Remove any empty strings from the list.  If free_util is true,
+	call free() on the util members of any items that have to be
+	deleted.  Preserve the order of the items that are retained.
+
 `print_string_list`::
 
 	Dump a string_list to stdout, useful mainly for debugging purposes. It
@@ -96,15 +118,32 @@
 	Look up a given string in the string_list, returning the containing
 	string_list_item. If the string is not found, NULL is returned.
 
+`string_list_remove_duplicates`::
+
+	Remove all but the first of consecutive entries that have the
+	same string value.  If free_util is true, call free() on the
+	util members of any items that have to be deleted.
+
 * Functions for unsorted lists only
 
 `string_list_append`::
 
-	Append a new string to the end of the string_list.
+	Append a new string to the end of the string_list.  If
+	`strdup_string` is set, then the string argument is copied;
+	otherwise the new `string_list_entry` refers to the input
+	string.
+
+`string_list_append_nodup`::
+
+	Append a new string to the end of the string_list.  The new
+	`string_list_entry` always refers to the input string, even if
+	`strdup_string` is set.  This function can be used to hand
+	ownership of a malloc()ed string to a `string_list` that has
+	`strdup_string` set.
 
 `sort_string_list`::
 
-	Make an unsorted list sorted.
+	Sort the list's entries by string value in `strcmp()` order.
 
 `unsorted_string_list_has_string`::
 
@@ -124,6 +163,25 @@
 	is set. The third parameter controls if the `util` pointer of the
 	items should be freed or not.
 
+`string_list_split`::
+`string_list_split_in_place`::
+
+	Split a string into substrings on a delimiter character and
+	append the substrings to a `string_list`.  If `maxsplit` is
+	non-negative, then split at most `maxsplit` times.  Return the
+	number of substrings appended to the list.
++
+`string_list_split` requires a `string_list` that has `strdup_strings`
+set to true; it leaves the input string untouched and makes copies of
+the substrings in newly-allocated memory.
+`string_list_split_in_place` requires a `string_list` that has
+`strdup_strings` set to false; it splits the input string in place,
+overwriting the delimiter characters with NULs and creating new
+string_list_items that point into the original string (the original
+string must therefore not be modified or freed while the `string_list`
+is in use).
+
+
 Data structures
 ---------------
 
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/index-format.txt b/Documentation/technical/index-format.txt
index 9d25b30..0810251 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/index-format.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/index-format.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-GIT index format
+Git index format
 ================
 
-= The git index file has the following format
+== The Git index file has the following format
 
   All binary numbers are in network byte order. Version 2 is described
   here unless stated otherwise.
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
        The signature is { 'D', 'I', 'R', 'C' } (stands for "dircache")
 
      4-byte version number:
-       The current supported versions are 2 and 3.
+       The current supported versions are 2, 3 and 4.
 
      32-bit number of index entries.
 
@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@
    - Extensions
 
      Extensions are identified by signature. Optional extensions can
-     be ignored if GIT does not understand them.
+     be ignored if Git does not understand them.
 
-     GIT currently supports cached tree and resolve undo extensions.
+     Git currently supports cached tree and resolve undo extensions.
 
      4-byte extension signature. If the first byte is 'A'..'Z' the
      extension is optional and can be ignored.
@@ -93,8 +93,8 @@
     12-bit name length if the length is less than 0xFFF; otherwise 0xFFF
     is stored in this field.
 
-  (Version 3) A 16-bit field, only applicable if the "extended flag"
-  above is 1, split into (high to low bits).
+  (Version 3 or later) A 16-bit field, only applicable if the
+  "extended flag" above is 1, split into (high to low bits).
 
     1-bit reserved for future
 
@@ -161,8 +161,9 @@
     this span of index as a tree.
 
   An entry can be in an invalidated state and is represented by having
-  -1 in the entry_count field. In this case, there is no object name
-  and the next entry starts immediately after the newline.
+  a negative number in the entry_count field. In this case, there is no
+  object name and the next entry starts immediately after the newline.
+  When writing an invalid entry, -1 should always be used as entry_count.
 
   The entries are written out in the top-down, depth-first order.  The
   first entry represents the root level of the repository, followed by the
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/pack-format.txt b/Documentation/technical/pack-format.txt
index 1803e64..8e5bf60 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/pack-format.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/pack-format.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-GIT pack format
+Git pack format
 ===============
 
-= pack-*.pack files have the following format:
+== pack-*.pack files have the following format:
 
    - A header appears at the beginning and consists of the following:
 
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
          The signature is: {'P', 'A', 'C', 'K'}
 
      4-byte version number (network byte order):
-         GIT currently accepts version number 2 or 3 but
+	 Git currently accepts version number 2 or 3 but
          generates version 2 only.
 
      4-byte number of objects contained in the pack (network byte order)
@@ -26,15 +26,17 @@
 
      (deltified representation)
      n-byte type and length (3-bit type, (n-1)*7+4-bit length)
-     20-byte base object name
+     20-byte base object name if OBJ_REF_DELTA or a negative relative
+	 offset from the delta object's position in the pack if this
+	 is an OBJ_OFS_DELTA object
      compressed delta data
 
      Observation: length of each object is encoded in a variable
      length format and is not constrained to 32-bit or anything.
 
-  - The trailer records 20-byte SHA1 checksum of all of the above.
+  - The trailer records 20-byte SHA-1 checksum of all of the above.
 
-= Original (version 1) pack-*.idx files have the following format:
+== Original (version 1) pack-*.idx files have the following format:
 
   - The header consists of 256 4-byte network byte order
     integers.  N-th entry of this table records the number of
@@ -53,10 +55,10 @@
 
   - The file is concluded with a trailer:
 
-    A copy of the 20-byte SHA1 checksum at the end of
+    A copy of the 20-byte SHA-1 checksum at the end of
     corresponding packfile.
 
-    20-byte SHA1-checksum of all of the above.
+    20-byte SHA-1-checksum of all of the above.
 
 Pack Idx file:
 
@@ -104,7 +106,7 @@
         If it is not DELTA, then deflated bytes (the size above
 		is the size before compression).
 	If it is REF_DELTA, then
-	  20-byte base object name SHA1 (the size above is the
+	  20-byte base object name SHA-1 (the size above is the
 		size of the delta data that follows).
           delta data, deflated.
 	If it is OFS_DELTA, then
@@ -123,8 +125,8 @@
 
 
 
-= Version 2 pack-*.idx files support packs larger than 4 GiB, and
-  have some other reorganizations.  They have the format:
+== Version 2 pack-*.idx files support packs larger than 4 GiB, and
+   have some other reorganizations.  They have the format:
 
   - A 4-byte magic number '\377tOc' which is an unreasonable
     fanout[0] value.
@@ -133,7 +135,7 @@
 
   - A 256-entry fan-out table just like v1.
 
-  - A table of sorted 20-byte SHA1 object names.  These are
+  - A table of sorted 20-byte SHA-1 object names.  These are
     packed together without offset values to reduce the cache
     footprint of the binary search for a specific object name.
 
@@ -154,7 +156,7 @@
 
   - The same trailer as a v1 pack file:
 
-    A copy of the 20-byte SHA1 checksum at the end of
+    A copy of the 20-byte SHA-1 checksum at the end of
     corresponding packfile.
 
-    20-byte SHA1-checksum of all of the above.
+    20-byte SHA-1-checksum of all of the above.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/pack-heuristics.txt b/Documentation/technical/pack-heuristics.txt
index 103eb5d..8b7ae1c 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/pack-heuristics.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/pack-heuristics.txt
@@ -5,11 +5,11 @@
 
                   Where do I go
                to learn the details
-	    of git's packing heuristics?
+	    of Git's packing heuristics?
 
 Be careful what you ask!
 
-Followers of the git, please open the git IRC Log and turn to
+Followers of the Git, please open the Git IRC Log and turn to
 February 10, 2006.
 
 It's a rare occasion, and we are joined by the King Git Himself,
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 Let's listen in!
 
     <njs`> Oh, here's a really stupid question -- where do I go to
-        learn the details of git's packing heuristics?  google avails
+	learn the details of Git's packing heuristics?  google avails
         me not, reading the source didn't help a lot, and wading
         through the whole mailing list seems less efficient than any
         of that.
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
 
     <linus> njs, I don't think the docs exist. That's something where
 	 I don't think anybody else than me even really got involved.
-	 Most of the rest of git others have been busy with (especially
+	 Most of the rest of Git others have been busy with (especially
 	 Junio), but packing nobody touched after I did it.
 
 It's cryptic, yet vague.  Linus in style for sure.  Wise men
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
 
 And switch.  That ought to do it!
 
-    <linus> Remember: git really doesn't follow files. So what it does is
+    <linus> Remember: Git really doesn't follow files. So what it does is
         - generate a list of all objects
         - sort the list according to magic heuristics
         - walk the list, using a sliding window, seeing if an object
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@
 
     <linus> The "magic" is actually in theory totally arbitrary.
         ANY order will give you a working pack, but no, it's not
-        ordered by SHA1.
+	ordered by SHA-1.
 
         Before talking about the ordering for the sliding delta
         window, let's talk about the recency order. That's more
@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@
     <njs`> (if only it happened more...)
 
     <linus> Anyway, the pack-file could easily be denser still, but
-        because it's used both for streaming (the git protocol) and
+	because it's used both for streaming (the Git protocol) and
         for on-disk, it has a few pessimizations.
 
 Actually, it is a made-up word. But it is a made-up word being
@@ -432,12 +432,12 @@
 In fact, Linus reflects on some Basic Engineering Fundamentals,
 design options, etc.
 
-    <linus> More importantly, they allow git to still _conceptually_
+    <linus> More importantly, they allow Git to still _conceptually_
         never deal with deltas at all, and be a "whole object" store.
 
         Which has some problems (we discussed bad huge-file
-        behaviour on the git lists the other day), but it does mean
-        that the basic git concepts are really really simple and
+	behaviour on the Git lists the other day), but it does mean
+	that the basic Git concepts are really really simple and
         straightforward.
 
         It's all been quite stable.
@@ -461,6 +461,6 @@
     <njs`> :-)
 
     <njs`> appreciate the infodump, I really was failing to find the
-        details on git packs :-)
+	details on Git packs :-)
 
 And now you know the rest of the story.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt b/Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt
index 49cdc57..b898e97 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@
 - The repository path is always quoted with single quotes.
 
 Fetching Data From a Server
-===========================
+---------------------------
 
 When one Git repository wants to get data that a second repository
 has, the first can 'fetch' from the second.  This operation determines
@@ -134,7 +134,8 @@
 
    $ echo -e -n "0039git-upload-pack /schacon/gitbook.git\0host=example.com\0" |
       nc -v example.com 9418
-   00887217a7c7e582c46cec22a130adf4b9d7d950fba0 HEAD\0multi_ack thin-pack side-band side-band-64k ofs-delta shallow no-progress include-tag
+   00887217a7c7e582c46cec22a130adf4b9d7d950fba0 HEAD\0multi_ack thin-pack
+		side-band side-band-64k ofs-delta shallow no-progress include-tag
    00441d3fcd5ced445d1abc402225c0b8a1299641f497 refs/heads/integration
    003f7217a7c7e582c46cec22a130adf4b9d7d950fba0 refs/heads/master
    003cb88d2441cac0977faf98efc80305012112238d9d refs/tags/v0.9
@@ -227,8 +228,7 @@
 The client MUST write all obj-ids which it only has shallow copies
 of (meaning that it does not have the parents of a commit) as
 'shallow' lines so that the server is aware of the limitations of
-the client's history. Clients MUST NOT mention an obj-id which
-it does not know exists on the server.
+the client's history.
 
 The client now sends the maximum commit history depth it wants for
 this transaction, which is the number of commits it wants from the
@@ -259,8 +259,10 @@
 ----
 
 If the client has requested a positive depth, the server will compute
-the set of commits which are no deeper than the desired depth, starting
-at the client's wants. The server writes 'shallow' lines for each
+the set of commits which are no deeper than the desired depth. The set
+of commits start at the client's wants.
+
+The server writes 'shallow' lines for each
 commit whose parents will not be sent as a result. The server writes
 an 'unshallow' line for each commit which the client has indicated is
 shallow, but is no longer shallow at the currently requested depth
@@ -419,7 +421,7 @@
 
 
 Pushing Data To a Server
-========================
+------------------------
 
 Pushing data to a server will invoke the 'receive-pack' process on the
 server, which will allow the client to tell it which references it should
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/racy-git.txt b/Documentation/technical/racy-git.txt
index 53aa0c8..6dc82ca 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/racy-git.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/racy-git.txt
@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
-Use of index and Racy git problem
+Use of index and Racy Git problem
 =================================
 
 Background
 ----------
 
-The index is one of the most important data structures in git.
+The index is one of the most important data structures in Git.
 It represents a virtual working tree state by recording list of
 paths and their object names and serves as a staging area to
 write out the next tree object to be committed.  The state is
 "virtual" in the sense that it does not necessarily have to, and
 often does not, match the files in the working tree.
 
-There are cases git needs to examine the differences between the
+There are cases Git needs to examine the differences between the
 virtual working tree state in the index and the files in the
 working tree.  The most obvious case is when the user asks `git
 diff` (or its low level implementation, `git diff-files`) or
-`git-ls-files --modified`.  In addition, git internally checks
+`git-ls-files --modified`.  In addition, Git internally checks
 if the files in the working tree are different from what are
 recorded in the index to avoid stomping on local changes in them
 during patch application, switching branches, and merging.
@@ -24,16 +24,16 @@
 working tree and the index entries, the index entries record the
 information obtained from the filesystem via `lstat(2)` system
 call when they were last updated.  When checking if they differ,
-git first runs `lstat(2)` on the files and compares the result
+Git first runs `lstat(2)` on the files and compares the result
 with this information (this is what was originally done by the
 `ce_match_stat()` function, but the current code does it in
 `ce_match_stat_basic()` function).  If some of these "cached
-stat information" fields do not match, git can tell that the
+stat information" fields do not match, Git can tell that the
 files are modified without even looking at their contents.
 
 Note: not all members in `struct stat` obtained via `lstat(2)`
 are used for this comparison.  For example, `st_atime` obviously
-is not useful.  Currently, git compares the file type (regular
+is not useful.  Currently, Git compares the file type (regular
 files vs symbolic links) and executable bits (only for regular
 files) from `st_mode` member, `st_mtime` and `st_ctime`
 timestamps, `st_uid`, `st_gid`, `st_ino`, and `st_size` members.
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
 ([PATCH] Sync in core time granuality with filesystems,
 2005-01-04).
 
-Racy git
+Racy Git
 --------
 
 There is one slight problem with the optimization based on the
@@ -67,13 +67,13 @@
 information the index entry records still exactly match what you
 would see in the filesystem, even though the file `foo` is now
 different.
-This way, git can incorrectly think files in the working tree
+This way, Git can incorrectly think files in the working tree
 are unmodified even though they actually are.  This is called
-the "racy git" problem (discovered by Pasky), and the entries
+the "racy Git" problem (discovered by Pasky), and the entries
 that appear clean when they may not be because of this problem
 are called "racily clean".
 
-To avoid this problem, git does two things:
+To avoid this problem, Git does two things:
 
 . When the cached stat information says the file has not been
   modified, and the `st_mtime` is the same as (or newer than)
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@
 The latter makes sure that the cached stat information for `foo`
 would never match with the file in the working tree, so later
 checks by `ce_match_stat_basic()` would report that the index entry
-does not match the file and git does not have to fall back on more
+does not match the file and Git does not have to fall back on more
 expensive `ce_modified_check_fs()`.
 
 
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@
 Avoiding runtime penalty
 ------------------------
 
-In order to avoid the above runtime penalty, post 1.4.2 git used
+In order to avoid the above runtime penalty, post 1.4.2 Git used
 to have a code that made sure the index file
 got timestamp newer than the youngest files in the index when
 there are many young files with the same timestamp as the
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/send-pack-pipeline.txt b/Documentation/technical/send-pack-pipeline.txt
index 681efe4..9b5a0bc 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/send-pack-pipeline.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/send-pack-pipeline.txt
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-git-send-pack
-=============
+Git-send-pack internals
+=======================
 
 Overall operation
 -----------------
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/shallow.txt b/Documentation/technical/shallow.txt
index 559263a..5183b15 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/shallow.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/shallow.txt
@@ -1,8 +1,14 @@
-Def.: Shallow commits do have parents, but not in the shallow
+Shallow commits
+===============
+
+.Definition
+*********************************************************
+Shallow commits do have parents, but not in the shallow
 repo, and therefore grafts are introduced pretending that
 these commits have no parents.
+*********************************************************
 
-The basic idea is to write the SHA1s of shallow commits into
+The basic idea is to write the SHA-1s of shallow commits into
 $GIT_DIR/shallow, and handle its contents like the contents
 of $GIT_DIR/info/grafts (with the difference that shallow
 cannot contain parent information).
@@ -12,7 +18,7 @@
 at all (even throughout development of the shallow clone, it
 was never manually edited!).
 
-Each line contains exactly one SHA1. When read, a commit_graft
+Each line contains exactly one SHA-1. When read, a commit_graft
 will be constructed, which has nr_parent < 0 to make it easier
 to discern from user provided grafts.
 
@@ -47,3 +53,6 @@
 You can deepen a shallow repository with "git-fetch --depth 20
 repo branch", which will fetch branch from repo, but stop at depth
 20, updating $GIT_DIR/shallow.
+
+The special depth 2147483647 (or 0x7fffffff, the largest positive
+number a signed 32-bit integer can contain) means infinite depth.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/trivial-merge.txt b/Documentation/technical/trivial-merge.txt
index 24c8410..c79d4a7 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/trivial-merge.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/trivial-merge.txt
@@ -74,24 +74,24 @@
 only one ancestor or remote fits; a '^' means all of the ancestors
 must be the same.
 
-case  ancest    head    remote    result
-----------------------------------------
-1     (empty)+  (empty) (empty)   (empty)
-2ALT  (empty)+  *empty* remote    remote
-2     (empty)^  (empty) remote    no merge
-3ALT  (empty)+  head    *empty*   head
-3     (empty)^  head    (empty)   no merge
-4     (empty)^  head    remote    no merge
-5ALT  *         head    head      head
-6     ancest+   (empty) (empty)   no merge
-8     ancest^   (empty) ancest    no merge
-7     ancest+   (empty) remote    no merge
-10    ancest^   ancest  (empty)   no merge
-9     ancest+   head    (empty)   no merge
-16    anc1/anc2 anc1    anc2      no merge
-13    ancest+   head    ancest    head
-14    ancest+   ancest  remote    remote
-11    ancest+   head    remote    no merge
+ case  ancest    head    remote    result
+ ----------------------------------------
+ 1     (empty)+  (empty) (empty)   (empty)
+ 2ALT  (empty)+  *empty* remote    remote
+ 2     (empty)^  (empty) remote    no merge
+ 3ALT  (empty)+  head    *empty*   head
+ 3     (empty)^  head    (empty)   no merge
+ 4     (empty)^  head    remote    no merge
+ 5ALT  *         head    head      head
+ 6     ancest+   (empty) (empty)   no merge
+ 8     ancest^   (empty) ancest    no merge
+ 7     ancest+   (empty) remote    no merge
+ 10    ancest^   ancest  (empty)   no merge
+ 9     ancest+   head    (empty)   no merge
+ 16    anc1/anc2 anc1    anc2      no merge
+ 13    ancest+   head    ancest    head
+ 14    ancest+   ancest  remote    remote
+ 11    ancest+   head    remote    no merge
 
 Only #2ALT and #3ALT use *empty*, because these are the only cases
 where there can be conflicts that didn't exist before. Note that we
diff --git a/Documentation/urls-remotes.txt b/Documentation/urls-remotes.txt
index 00f7e79..282758e 100644
--- a/Documentation/urls-remotes.txt
+++ b/Documentation/urls-remotes.txt
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 The name of one of the following can be used instead
 of a URL as `<repository>` argument:
 
-* a remote in the git configuration file: `$GIT_DIR/config`,
+* a remote in the Git configuration file: `$GIT_DIR/config`,
 * a file in the `$GIT_DIR/remotes` directory, or
 * a file in the `$GIT_DIR/branches` directory.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/urls.txt b/Documentation/urls.txt
index 2890194..60ba300 100644
--- a/Documentation/urls.txt
+++ b/Documentation/urls.txt
@@ -6,8 +6,12 @@
 Depending on the transport protocol, some of this information may be
 absent.
 
-Git natively supports ssh, git, http, https, ftp, ftps, and rsync
-protocols. The following syntaxes may be used with them:
+Git supports ssh, git, http, and https protocols (in addition, ftp,
+and ftps can be used for fetching and rsync can be used for fetching
+and pushing, but these are inefficient and deprecated; do not use
+them).
+
+The following syntaxes may be used with them:
 
 - ssh://{startsb}user@{endsb}host.xz{startsb}:port{endsb}/path/to/repo.git/
 - git://host.xz{startsb}:port{endsb}/path/to/repo.git/
@@ -25,11 +29,11 @@
 - git://host.xz{startsb}:port{endsb}/~{startsb}user{endsb}/path/to/repo.git/
 - {startsb}user@{endsb}host.xz:/~{startsb}user{endsb}/path/to/repo.git/
 
-For local repositories, also supported by git natively, the following
+For local repositories, also supported by Git natively, the following
 syntaxes may be used:
 
 - /path/to/repo.git/
-- file:///path/to/repo.git/
+- \file:///path/to/repo.git/
 
 ifndef::git-clone[]
 These two syntaxes are mostly equivalent, except when cloning, when
@@ -42,7 +46,7 @@
 --local option.
 endif::git-clone[]
 
-When git doesn't know how to handle a certain transport protocol, it
+When Git doesn't know how to handle a certain transport protocol, it
 attempts to use the 'remote-<transport>' remote helper, if one
 exists. To explicitly request a remote helper, the following syntax
 may be used:
@@ -51,7 +55,7 @@
 
 where <address> may be a path, a server and path, or an arbitrary
 URL-like string recognized by the specific remote helper being
-invoked. See linkgit:git-remote-helpers[1] for details.
+invoked. See linkgit:gitremote-helpers[1] for details.
 
 If there are a large number of similarly-named remote repositories and
 you want to use a different format for them (such that the URLs you
diff --git a/Documentation/user-manual.conf b/Documentation/user-manual.conf
index 339b309..d87294d 100644
--- a/Documentation/user-manual.conf
+++ b/Documentation/user-manual.conf
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 # "unbreak" docbook-xsl v1.68 for manpages. v1.69 works with or without this.
 [listingblock]
 <example><title>{title}</title>
-<literallayout>
+<literallayout class="monospaced">
 |
 </literallayout>
 {title#}</example>
diff --git a/Documentation/user-manual.txt b/Documentation/user-manual.txt
index 1b94207..e831cc2 100644
--- a/Documentation/user-manual.txt
+++ b/Documentation/user-manual.txt
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 Git is a fast distributed revision control system.
 
 This manual is designed to be readable by someone with basic UNIX
-command-line skills, but no previous knowledge of git.
+command-line skills, but no previous knowledge of Git.
 
 <<repositories-and-branches>> and <<exploring-git-history>> explain how
 to fetch and study a project using git--read these chapters to learn how
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 
 Comprehensive reference documentation is available through the man
 pages, or linkgit:git-help[1] command.  For example, for the command
-"git clone <repo>", you can either use:
+`git clone <repo>`, you can either use:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ man git-clone
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
 With the latter, you can use the manual viewer of your choice; see
 linkgit:git-help[1] for more information.
 
-See also <<git-quick-start>> for a brief overview of git commands,
+See also <<git-quick-start>> for a brief overview of Git commands,
 without any explanation.
 
 Finally, see <<todo>> for ways that you can help make this manual more
@@ -46,10 +46,10 @@
 =========================
 
 [[how-to-get-a-git-repository]]
-How to get a git repository
+How to get a Git repository
 ---------------------------
 
-It will be useful to have a git repository to experiment with as you
+It will be useful to have a Git repository to experiment with as you
 read this manual.
 
 The best way to get one is by using the linkgit:git-clone[1] command to
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
 project in mind, here are some interesting examples:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
-	# git itself (approx. 10MB download):
+	# Git itself (approx. 10MB download):
 $ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git
 	# the Linux kernel (approx. 150MB download):
 $ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git
@@ -66,11 +66,11 @@
 The initial clone may be time-consuming for a large project, but you
 will only need to clone once.
 
-The clone command creates a new directory named after the project ("git"
-or "linux-2.6" in the examples above).  After you cd into this
+The clone command creates a new directory named after the project (`git`
+or `linux-2.6` in the examples above).  After you cd into this
 directory, you will see that it contains a copy of the project files,
 called the <<def_working_tree,working tree>>, together with a special
-top-level directory named ".git", which contains all the information
+top-level directory named `.git`, which contains all the information
 about the history of the project.
 
 [[how-to-check-out]]
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@
 
 Git is best thought of as a tool for storing the history of a collection
 of files.  It stores the history as a compressed collection of
-interrelated snapshots of the project's contents.  In git each such
+interrelated snapshots of the project's contents.  In Git each such
 version is called a <<def_commit,commit>>.
 
 Those snapshots aren't necessarily all arranged in a single line from
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@
 parallel lines of development, called <<def_branch,branches>>, which may
 merge and diverge.
 
-A single git repository can track development on multiple branches.  It
+A single Git repository can track development on multiple branches.  It
 does this by keeping a list of <<def_head,heads>> which reference the
 latest commit on each branch; the linkgit:git-branch[1] command shows
 you the list of branch heads:
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@
 did, and why.
 
 Every commit has a 40-hexdigit id, sometimes called the "object name" or the
-"SHA-1 id", shown on the first line of the "git show" output.  You can usually
+"SHA-1 id", shown on the first line of the `git show` output.  You can usually
 refer to a commit by a shorter name, such as a tag or a branch name, but this
 longer name can also be useful.  Most importantly, it is a globally unique
 name for this commit: so if you tell somebody else the object name (for
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@
 contents of the commit, you are guaranteed that the commit can never change
 without its name also changing.
 
-In fact, in <<git-concepts>> we shall see that everything stored in git
+In fact, in <<git-concepts>> we shall see that everything stored in Git
 history, including file data and directory contents, is stored in an object
 with a name that is a hash of its contents.
 
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@
 Following the chain of parents will eventually take you back to the
 beginning of the project.
 
-However, the commits do not form a simple list; git allows lines of
+However, the commits do not form a simple list; Git allows lines of
 development to diverge and then reconverge, and the point where two
 lines of development reconverge is called a "merge".  The commit
 representing a merge can therefore have more than one parent, with
@@ -219,8 +219,8 @@
 of development leading to that point.
 
 The best way to see how this works is using the linkgit:gitk[1]
-command; running gitk now on a git repository and looking for merge
-commits will help understand how the git organizes history.
+command; running gitk now on a Git repository and looking for merge
+commits will help understand how the Git organizes history.
 
 In the following, we say that commit X is "reachable" from commit Y
 if commit X is an ancestor of commit Y.  Equivalently, you could say
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@
 Understanding history: History diagrams
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-We will sometimes represent git history using diagrams like the one
+We will sometimes represent Git history using diagrams like the one
 below.  Commits are shown as "o", and the links between them with
 lines drawn with - / and \.  Time goes left to right:
 
@@ -268,35 +268,35 @@
 Creating, deleting, and modifying branches is quick and easy; here's
 a summary of the commands:
 
-git branch::
+`git branch`::
 	list all branches
-git branch <branch>::
-	create a new branch named <branch>, referencing the same
+`git branch <branch>`::
+	create a new branch named `<branch>`, referencing the same
 	point in history as the current branch
-git branch <branch> <start-point>::
-	create a new branch named <branch>, referencing
-	<start-point>, which may be specified any way you like,
+`git branch <branch> <start-point>`::
+	create a new branch named `<branch>`, referencing
+	`<start-point>`, which may be specified any way you like,
 	including using a branch name or a tag name
-git branch -d <branch>::
-	delete the branch <branch>; if the branch you are deleting
+`git branch -d <branch>`::
+	delete the branch `<branch>`; if the branch you are deleting
 	points to a commit which is not reachable from the current
 	branch, this command will fail with a warning.
-git branch -D <branch>::
+`git branch -D <branch>`::
 	even if the branch points to a commit not reachable
 	from the current branch, you may know that that commit
 	is still reachable from some other branch or tag.  In that
-	case it is safe to use this command to force git to delete
+	case it is safe to use this command to force Git to delete
 	the branch.
-git checkout <branch>::
-	make the current branch <branch>, updating the working
-	directory to reflect the version referenced by <branch>
-git checkout -b <new> <start-point>::
-	create a new branch <new> referencing <start-point>, and
+`git checkout <branch>`::
+	make the current branch `<branch>`, updating the working
+	directory to reflect the version referenced by `<branch>`
+`git checkout -b <new> <start-point>`::
+	create a new branch `<new>` referencing `<start-point>`, and
 	check it out.
 
 The special symbol "HEAD" can always be used to refer to the current
-branch.  In fact, git uses a file named "HEAD" in the .git directory to
-remember which branch is current:
+branch.  In fact, Git uses a file named `HEAD` in the `.git` directory
+to remember which branch is current:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ cat .git/HEAD
@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@
 may also have had other branches, though, and your local repository
 keeps branches which track each of those remote branches, called
 remote-tracking branches, which you
-can view using the "-r" option to linkgit:git-branch[1]:
+can view using the `-r` option to linkgit:git-branch[1]:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git branch -r
@@ -364,7 +364,7 @@
 for short. The branches of this repository are called "remote
 branches" from our point of view. The remote-tracking branches listed
 above were created based on the remote branches at clone time and will
-be updated by "git fetch" (hence "git pull") and "git push". See
+be updated by `git fetch` (hence `git pull`) and `git push`. See
 <<Updating-a-repository-With-git-fetch>> for details.
 
 You might want to build on one of these remote-tracking branches
@@ -374,10 +374,10 @@
 $ git checkout -b my-todo-copy origin/todo
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-You can also check out "origin/todo" directly to examine it or
+You can also check out `origin/todo` directly to examine it or
 write a one-off patch.  See <<detached-head,detached head>>.
 
-Note that the name "origin" is just the name that git uses by default
+Note that the name "origin" is just the name that Git uses by default
 to refer to the repository that you cloned from.
 
 [[how-git-stores-references]]
@@ -386,17 +386,17 @@
 
 Branches, remote-tracking branches, and tags are all references to
 commits.  All references are named with a slash-separated path name
-starting with "refs"; the names we've been using so far are actually
+starting with `refs`; the names we've been using so far are actually
 shorthand:
 
-	- The branch "test" is short for "refs/heads/test".
-	- The tag "v2.6.18" is short for "refs/tags/v2.6.18".
-	- "origin/master" is short for "refs/remotes/origin/master".
+	- The branch `test` is short for `refs/heads/test`.
+	- The tag `v2.6.18` is short for `refs/tags/v2.6.18`.
+	- `origin/master` is short for `refs/remotes/origin/master`.
 
 The full name is occasionally useful if, for example, there ever
 exists a tag and a branch with the same name.
 
-(Newly created refs are actually stored in the .git/refs directory,
+(Newly created refs are actually stored in the `.git/refs` directory,
 under the path given by their name.  However, for efficiency reasons
 they may also be packed together in a single file; see
 linkgit:git-pack-refs[1]).
@@ -405,7 +405,7 @@
 to just using the name of that repository.  So, for example, "origin"
 is usually a shortcut for the HEAD branch in the repository "origin".
 
-For the complete list of paths which git checks for references, and
+For the complete list of paths which Git checks for references, and
 the order it uses to decide which to choose when there are multiple
 references with the same shorthand name, see the "SPECIFYING
 REVISIONS" section of linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
@@ -418,7 +418,7 @@
 repository, creating new commits and advancing the branches to point
 at the new commits.
 
-The command "git fetch", with no arguments, will update all of the
+The command `git fetch`, with no arguments, will update all of the
 remote-tracking branches to the latest version found in her
 repository.  It will not touch any of your own branches--not even the
 "master" branch that was created for you on clone.
@@ -438,7 +438,7 @@
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 New remote-tracking branches will be stored under the shorthand name
-that you gave "git remote add", in this case linux-nfs:
+that you gave `git remote add`, in this case `linux-nfs`:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git branch -r
@@ -446,10 +446,10 @@
 origin/master
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-If you run "git fetch <remote>" later, the remote-tracking branches for the
-named <remote> will be updated.
+If you run `git fetch <remote>` later, the remote-tracking branches
+for the named `<remote>` will be updated.
 
-If you examine the file .git/config, you will see that git has added
+If you examine the file `.git/config`, you will see that Git has added
 a new stanza:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
@@ -461,13 +461,13 @@
 ...
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-This is what causes git to track the remote's branches; you may modify
-or delete these configuration options by editing .git/config with a
+This is what causes Git to track the remote's branches; you may modify
+or delete these configuration options by editing `.git/config` with a
 text editor.  (See the "CONFIGURATION FILE" section of
 linkgit:git-config[1] for details.)
 
 [[exploring-git-history]]
-Exploring git history
+Exploring Git history
 =====================
 
 Git is best thought of as a tool for storing the history of a
@@ -499,7 +499,7 @@
 [65934a9a028b88e83e2b0f8b36618fe503349f8e] BLOCK: Make USB storage depend on SCSI rather than selecting it [try #6]
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-If you run "git branch" at this point, you'll see that git has
+If you run `git branch` at this point, you'll see that Git has
 temporarily moved you in "(no branch)". HEAD is now detached from any
 branch and points directly to a commit (with commit id 65934...) that
 is reachable from "master" but not from v2.6.18. Compile and test it,
@@ -511,7 +511,7 @@
 [7eff82c8b1511017ae605f0c99ac275a7e21b867] i2c-core: Drop useless bitmaskings
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-checks out an older version.  Continue like this, telling git at each
+checks out an older version.  Continue like this, telling Git at each
 stage whether the version it gives you is good or bad, and notice
 that the number of revisions left to test is cut approximately in
 half each time.
@@ -545,24 +545,24 @@
 $ git reset --hard fb47ddb2db...
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-then test, run "bisect good" or "bisect bad" as appropriate, and
+then test, run `bisect good` or `bisect bad` as appropriate, and
 continue.
 
-Instead of "git bisect visualize" and then "git reset --hard
-fb47ddb2db...", you might just want to tell git that you want to skip
+Instead of `git bisect visualize` and then `git reset --hard
+fb47ddb2db...`, you might just want to tell Git that you want to skip
 the current commit:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git bisect skip
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-In this case, though, git may not eventually be able to tell the first
+In this case, though, Git may not eventually be able to tell the first
 bad one between some first skipped commits and a later bad commit.
 
 There are also ways to automate the bisecting process if you have a
 test script that can tell a good from a bad commit. See
-linkgit:git-bisect[1] for more information about this and other "git
-bisect" features.
+linkgit:git-bisect[1] for more information about this and other `git
+bisect` features.
 
 [[naming-commits]]
 Naming commits
@@ -591,7 +591,7 @@
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 Recall that merge commits may have more than one parent; by default,
-^ and ~ follow the first parent listed in the commit, but you can
+`^` and `~` follow the first parent listed in the commit, but you can
 also choose:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
@@ -640,7 +640,7 @@
 $ git tag stable-1 1b2e1d63ff
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-You can use stable-1 to refer to the commit 1b2e1d63ff.
+You can use `stable-1` to refer to the commit 1b2e1d63ff.
 
 This creates a "lightweight" tag.  If you would also like to include a
 comment with the tag, and possibly sign it cryptographically, then you
@@ -669,7 +669,7 @@
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 And of course you can combine all of these; the following finds
-commits since v2.5 which touch the Makefile or any file under fs:
+commits since v2.5 which touch the `Makefile` or any file under `fs`:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git log v2.5.. Makefile fs/
@@ -681,11 +681,11 @@
 $ git log -p
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-See the "--pretty" option in the linkgit:git-log[1] man page for more
+See the `--pretty` option in the linkgit:git-log[1] man page for more
 display options.
 
 Note that git log starts with the most recent commit and works
-backwards through the parents; however, since git history can contain
+backwards through the parents; however, since Git history can contain
 multiple independent lines of development, the particular order that
 commits are listed in may be somewhat arbitrary.
 
@@ -732,7 +732,7 @@
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 Before the colon may be anything that names a commit, and after it
-may be any path to a file tracked by git.
+may be any path to a file tracked by Git.
 
 [[history-examples]]
 Examples
@@ -742,8 +742,8 @@
 Counting the number of commits on a branch
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-Suppose you want to know how many commits you've made on "mybranch"
-since it diverged from "origin":
+Suppose you want to know how many commits you've made on `mybranch`
+since it diverged from `origin`:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git log --pretty=oneline origin..mybranch | wc -l
@@ -780,9 +780,9 @@
 e05db0fd4f31dde7005f075a84f96b360d05984b
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-Or you could recall that the ... operator selects all commits
+Or you could recall that the `...` operator selects all commits
 contained reachable from either one reference or the other but not
-both: so
+both; so
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git log origin...master
@@ -880,7 +880,7 @@
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 Suppose you would like to see all the commits reachable from the branch
-head named "master" but not from any other head in your repository.
+head named `master` but not from any other head in your repository.
 
 We can list all the heads in this repository with
 linkgit:git-show-ref[1]:
@@ -894,7 +894,7 @@
 1e87486ae06626c2f31eaa63d26fc0fd646c8af2 refs/heads/tutorial-fixes
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-We can get just the branch-head names, and remove "master", with
+We can get just the branch-head names, and remove `master`, with
 the help of the standard utilities cut and grep:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
@@ -931,11 +931,20 @@
 any version of a project; for example:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git archive --format=tar --prefix=project/ HEAD | gzip >latest.tar.gz
+$ git archive -o latest.tar.gz --prefix=project/ HEAD
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-will use HEAD to produce a tar archive in which each filename is
-preceded by "project/".
+will use HEAD to produce a gzipped tar archive in which each filename
+is preceded by `project/`.  The output file format is inferred from
+the output file extension if possible, see linkgit:git-archive[1] for
+details.
+
+Versions of Git older than 1.7.7 don't know about the `tar.gz` format,
+you'll need to use gzip explicitly:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git archive --format=tar --prefix=project/ HEAD | gzip >latest.tar.gz
+-------------------------------------------------
 
 If you're releasing a new version of a software project, you may want
 to simultaneously make a changelog to include in the release
@@ -984,16 +993,23 @@
 linkgit:git-hash-object[1] man pages may prove helpful.
 
 [[Developing-With-git]]
-Developing with git
+Developing with Git
 ===================
 
 [[telling-git-your-name]]
-Telling git your name
+Telling Git your name
 ---------------------
 
-Before creating any commits, you should introduce yourself to git.  The
-easiest way to do so is to make sure the following lines appear in a
-file named .gitconfig in your home directory:
+Before creating any commits, you should introduce yourself to Git.
+The easiest way to do so is to use linkgit:git-config[1]:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git config --global user.name 'Your Name Comes Here'
+$ git config --global user.email 'you@yourdomain.example.com'
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Which will add the following to a file named `.gitconfig` in your
+home directory:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 [user]
@@ -1001,8 +1017,9 @@
 	email = you@yourdomain.example.com
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-(See the "CONFIGURATION FILE" section of linkgit:git-config[1] for
-details on the configuration file.)
+See the "CONFIGURATION FILE" section of linkgit:git-config[1] for
+details on the configuration file.  The file is plain text, so you can
+also edit it with your favorite editor.
 
 
 [[creating-a-new-repository]]
@@ -1035,17 +1052,17 @@
 
 	1. Making some changes to the working directory using your
 	   favorite editor.
-	2. Telling git about your changes.
-	3. Creating the commit using the content you told git about
+	2. Telling Git about your changes.
+	3. Creating the commit using the content you told Git about
 	   in step 2.
 
 In practice, you can interleave and repeat steps 1 and 2 as many
 times as you want: in order to keep track of what you want committed
-at step 3, git maintains a snapshot of the tree's contents in a
+at step 3, Git maintains a snapshot of the tree's contents in a
 special staging area called "the index."
 
 At the beginning, the content of the index will be identical to
-that of the HEAD.  The command "git diff --cached", which shows
+that of the HEAD.  The command `git diff --cached`, which shows
 the difference between the HEAD and the index, should therefore
 produce no output at that point.
 
@@ -1084,7 +1101,7 @@
 
 shows the difference between the working tree and the index file.
 
-Note that "git add" always adds just the current contents of a file
+Note that `git add` always adds just the current contents of a file
 to the index; further changes to the same file will be ignored unless
 you run `git add` on the file again.
 
@@ -1094,7 +1111,7 @@
 $ git commit
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-and git will prompt you for a commit message and then create the new
+and Git will prompt you for a commit message and then create the new
 commit.  Check to make sure it looks like what you expected with
 
 -------------------------------------------------
@@ -1136,24 +1153,28 @@
 Though not required, it's a good idea to begin the commit message
 with a single short (less than 50 character) line summarizing the
 change, followed by a blank line and then a more thorough
-description.  Tools that turn commits into email, for example, use
-the first line on the Subject line and the rest of the commit in the
-body.
+description.  The text up to the first blank line in a commit
+message is treated as the commit title, and that title is used
+throughout Git.  For example, linkgit:git-format-patch[1] turns a
+commit into email, and it uses the title on the Subject line and the
+rest of the commit in the body.
+
 
 [[ignoring-files]]
 Ignoring files
 --------------
 
-A project will often generate files that you do 'not' want to track with git.
+A project will often generate files that you do 'not' want to track with Git.
 This typically includes files generated by a build process or temporary
-backup files made by your editor. Of course, 'not' tracking files with git
+backup files made by your editor. Of course, 'not' tracking files with Git
 is just a matter of 'not' calling `git add` on them. But it quickly becomes
 annoying to have these untracked files lying around; e.g. they make
 `git add .` practically useless, and they keep showing up in the output of
 `git status`.
 
-You can tell git to ignore certain files by creating a file called .gitignore
-in the top level of your working directory, with contents such as:
+You can tell Git to ignore certain files by creating a file called
+`.gitignore` in the top level of your working directory, with contents
+such as:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 # Lines starting with '#' are considered comments.
@@ -1177,10 +1198,10 @@
 
 If you wish the exclude patterns to affect only certain repositories
 (instead of every repository for a given project), you may instead put
-them in a file in your repository named .git/info/exclude, or in any file
-specified by the `core.excludesfile` configuration variable.  Some git
-commands can also take exclude patterns directly on the command line.
-See linkgit:gitignore[5] for the details.
+them in a file in your repository named `.git/info/exclude`, or in any
+file specified by the `core.excludesfile` configuration variable.
+Some Git commands can also take exclude patterns directly on the
+command line.  See linkgit:gitignore[5] for the details.
 
 [[how-to-merge]]
 How to merge
@@ -1193,10 +1214,10 @@
 $ git merge branchname
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-merges the development in the branch "branchname" into the current
+merges the development in the branch `branchname` into the current
 branch.
 
-A merge is made by combining the changes made in "branchname" and the
+A merge is made by combining the changes made in `branchname` and the
 changes made up to the latest commit in your current branch since
 their histories forked. The work tree is overwritten by the result of
 the merge when this combining is done cleanly, or overwritten by a
@@ -1224,7 +1245,7 @@
 
 Conflict markers are left in the problematic files, and after
 you resolve the conflicts manually, you can update the index
-with the contents and run git commit, as you normally would when
+with the contents and run Git commit, as you normally would when
 creating a new file.
 
 If you examine the resulting commit using gitk, you will see that it
@@ -1235,7 +1256,7 @@
 Resolving a merge
 -----------------
 
-When a merge isn't resolved automatically, git leaves the index and
+When a merge isn't resolved automatically, Git leaves the index and
 the working tree in a special state that gives you all the
 information you need to help resolve the merge.
 
@@ -1271,14 +1292,14 @@
 default message unchanged, but you may add additional commentary of
 your own if desired.
 
-The above is all you need to know to resolve a simple merge.  But git
+The above is all you need to know to resolve a simple merge.  But Git
 also provides more information to help resolve conflicts:
 
 [[conflict-resolution]]
 Getting conflict-resolution help during a merge
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-All of the changes that git was able to merge automatically are
+All of the changes that Git was able to merge automatically are
 already added to the index file, so linkgit:git-diff[1] shows only
 the conflicts.  It uses an unusual syntax:
 
@@ -1318,7 +1339,7 @@
 
 The diff above shows the differences between the working-tree version of
 file.txt and the stage 2 and stage 3 versions.  So instead of preceding
-each line by a single "+" or "-", it now uses two columns: the first
+each line by a single `+` or `-`, it now uses two columns: the first
 column is used for differences between the first parent and the working
 directory copy, and the second for differences between the second parent
 and the working directory copy.  (See the "COMBINED DIFF FORMAT" section
@@ -1410,7 +1431,7 @@
 were merged.
 
 However, if the current branch is a descendant of the other--so every
-commit present in the one is already contained in the other--then git
+commit present in the one is already contained in the other--then Git
 just performs a "fast-forward"; the head of the current branch is moved
 forward to point at the head of the merged-in branch, without any new
 commits being created.
@@ -1436,7 +1457,7 @@
 
 	2. You can go back and modify the old commit.  You should
 	never do this if you have already made the history public;
-	git does not normally expect the "history" of a project to
+	Git does not normally expect the "history" of a project to
 	change, and cannot correctly perform repeated merges from
 	a branch that has had its history changed.
 
@@ -1461,7 +1482,7 @@
 $ git revert HEAD^
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-In this case git will attempt to undo the old change while leaving
+In this case Git will attempt to undo the old change while leaving
 intact any changes made since then.  If more recent changes overlap
 with the changes to be reverted, then you will be asked to fix
 conflicts manually, just as in the case of <<resolving-a-merge,
@@ -1558,18 +1579,12 @@
 Ensuring good performance
 -------------------------
 
-On large repositories, git depends on compression to keep the history
-information from taking up too much space on disk or in memory.
-
-This compression is not performed automatically.  Therefore you
-should occasionally run linkgit:git-gc[1]:
-
--------------------------------------------------
-$ git gc
--------------------------------------------------
-
-to recompress the archive.  This can be very time-consuming, so
-you may prefer to run `git gc` when you are not doing other work.
+On large repositories, Git depends on compression to keep the history
+information from taking up too much space on disk or in memory.  Some
+Git commands may automatically run linkgit:git-gc[1], so you don't
+have to worry about running it manually.  However, compressing a large
+repository may take a while, so you may want to call `gc` explicitly
+to avoid automatic compression kicking in when it is not convenient.
 
 
 [[ensuring-reliability]]
@@ -1599,8 +1614,8 @@
 
 You will see informational messages on dangling objects. They are objects
 that still exist in the repository but are no longer referenced by any of
-your branches, and can (and will) be removed after a while with "gc".
-You can run `git fsck --no-dangling` to supress these messages, and still
+your branches, and can (and will) be removed after a while with `gc`.
+You can run `git fsck --no-dangling` to suppress these messages, and still
 view real errors.
 
 [[recovering-lost-changes]]
@@ -1611,11 +1626,11 @@
 Reflogs
 ^^^^^^^
 
-Say you modify a branch with +linkgit:git-reset[1] \--hard+, and then
-realize that the branch was the only reference you had to that point in
-history.
+Say you modify a branch with <<fixing-mistakes,`git reset --hard`>>,
+and then realize that the branch was the only reference you had to
+that point in history.
 
-Fortunately, git also keeps a log, called a "reflog", of all the
+Fortunately, Git also keeps a log, called a "reflog", of all the
 previous values of each branch.  So in this case you can still find the
 old history using, for example,
 
@@ -1624,8 +1639,8 @@
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 This lists the commits reachable from the previous version of the
-"master" branch head.  This syntax can be used with any git command
-that accepts a commit, not just with git log.  Some other examples:
+`master` branch head.  This syntax can be used with any Git command
+that accepts a commit, not just with `git log`.  Some other examples:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git show master@{2}		# See where the branch pointed 2,
@@ -1650,7 +1665,7 @@
 how to control this pruning, and see the "SPECIFYING REVISIONS"
 section of linkgit:gitrevisions[7] for details.
 
-Note that the reflog history is very different from normal git history.
+Note that the reflog history is very different from normal Git history.
 While normal history is shared by every repository that works on the
 same project, the reflog history is not shared: it tells you only about
 how the branches in your local repository have changed over time.
@@ -1729,8 +1744,8 @@
 $ git pull origin master
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-In fact, if you have "master" checked out, then this branch has been
-configured by "git clone" to get changes from the HEAD branch of the
+In fact, if you have `master` checked out, then this branch has been
+configured by `git clone` to get changes from the HEAD branch of the
 origin repository.  So often you can
 accomplish the above with just a simple
 
@@ -1745,11 +1760,11 @@
 More generally, a branch that is created from a remote-tracking branch
 will pull
 by default from that branch.  See the descriptions of the
-branch.<name>.remote and branch.<name>.merge options in
+`branch.<name>.remote` and `branch.<name>.merge` options in
 linkgit:git-config[1], and the discussion of the `--track` option in
 linkgit:git-checkout[1], to learn how to control these defaults.
 
-In addition to saving you keystrokes, "git pull" also helps you by
+In addition to saving you keystrokes, `git pull` also helps you by
 producing a default commit message documenting the branch and
 repository that you pulled from.
 
@@ -1757,7 +1772,7 @@
 <<fast-forwards,fast-forward>>; instead, your branch will just be
 updated to point to the latest commit from the upstream branch.)
 
-The `git pull` command can also be given "." as the "remote" repository,
+The `git pull` command can also be given `.` as the "remote" repository,
 in which case it just merges in a branch from the current repository; so
 the commands
 
@@ -1782,7 +1797,14 @@
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 will produce a numbered series of files in the current directory, one
-for each patch in the current branch but not in origin/HEAD.
+for each patch in the current branch but not in `origin/HEAD`.
+
+`git format-patch` can include an initial "cover letter". You can insert
+commentary on individual patches after the three dash line which
+`format-patch` places after the commit message but before the patch
+itself.  If you use `git notes` to track your cover letter material,
+`git format-patch --notes` will include the commit's notes in a similar
+manner.
 
 You can then import these into your mail client and send them by
 hand.  However, if you have a lot to send at once, you may prefer to
@@ -1797,7 +1819,7 @@
 Git also provides a tool called linkgit:git-am[1] (am stands for
 "apply mailbox"), for importing such an emailed series of patches.
 Just save all of the patch-containing messages, in order, into a
-single mailbox file, say "patches.mbox", then run
+single mailbox file, say `patches.mbox`, then run
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git am -3 patches.mbox
@@ -1805,8 +1827,8 @@
 
 Git will apply each patch in order; if any conflicts are found, it
 will stop, and you can fix the conflicts as described in
-"<<resolving-a-merge,Resolving a merge>>".  (The "-3" option tells
-git to perform a merge; if you would prefer it just to abort and
+"<<resolving-a-merge,Resolving a merge>>".  (The `-3` option tells
+Git to perform a merge; if you would prefer it just to abort and
 leave your tree and index untouched, you may omit that option.)
 
 Once the index is updated with the results of the conflict
@@ -1816,7 +1838,7 @@
 $ git am --resolved
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-and git will create the commit for you and continue applying the
+and Git will create the commit for you and continue applying the
 remaining patches from the mailbox.
 
 The final result will be a series of commits, one for each patch in
@@ -1824,7 +1846,7 @@
 taken from the message containing each patch.
 
 [[public-repositories]]
-Public git repositories
+Public Git repositories
 -----------------------
 
 Another way to submit changes to a project is to tell the maintainer
@@ -1881,7 +1903,7 @@
 Setting up a public repository
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-Assume your personal repository is in the directory ~/proj.  We
+Assume your personal repository is in the directory `~/proj`.  We
 first create a new clone of the repository and tell `git daemon` that it
 is meant to be public:
 
@@ -1891,28 +1913,28 @@
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 The resulting directory proj.git contains a "bare" git repository--it is
-just the contents of the ".git" directory, without any files checked out
+just the contents of the `.git` directory, without any files checked out
 around it.
 
-Next, copy proj.git to the server where you plan to host the
+Next, copy `proj.git` to the server where you plan to host the
 public repository.  You can use scp, rsync, or whatever is most
 convenient.
 
 [[exporting-via-git]]
-Exporting a git repository via the git protocol
+Exporting a Git repository via the Git protocol
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 This is the preferred method.
 
 If someone else administers the server, they should tell you what
-directory to put the repository in, and what git:// URL it will appear
-at.  You can then skip to the section
+directory to put the repository in, and what `git://` URL it will
+appear at.  You can then skip to the section
 "<<pushing-changes-to-a-public-repository,Pushing changes to a public
 repository>>", below.
 
 Otherwise, all you need to do is start linkgit:git-daemon[1]; it will
 listen on port 9418.  By default, it will allow access to any directory
-that looks like a git directory and contains the magic file
+that looks like a Git directory and contains the magic file
 git-daemon-export-ok.  Passing some directory paths as `git daemon`
 arguments will further restrict the exports to those paths.
 
@@ -1921,13 +1943,13 @@
 examples section.)
 
 [[exporting-via-http]]
-Exporting a git repository via http
+Exporting a git repository via HTTP
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-The git protocol gives better performance and reliability, but on a
-host with a web server set up, http exports may be simpler to set up.
+The Git protocol gives better performance and reliability, but on a
+host with a web server set up, HTTP exports may be simpler to set up.
 
-All you need to do is place the newly created bare git repository in
+All you need to do is place the newly created bare Git repository in
 a directory that is exported by the web server, and make some
 adjustments to give web clients some extra information they need:
 
@@ -1941,7 +1963,7 @@
 (For an explanation of the last two lines, see
 linkgit:git-update-server-info[1] and linkgit:githooks[5].)
 
-Advertise the URL of proj.git.  Anybody else should then be able to
+Advertise the URL of `proj.git`.  Anybody else should then be able to
 clone or pull from that URL, for example with a command line like:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
@@ -1951,7 +1973,7 @@
 (See also
 link:howto/setup-git-server-over-http.txt[setup-git-server-over-http]
 for a slightly more sophisticated setup using WebDAV which also
-allows pushing over http.)
+allows pushing over HTTP.)
 
 [[pushing-changes-to-a-public-repository]]
 Pushing changes to a public repository
@@ -1964,8 +1986,8 @@
 latest changes created in your private repository.
 
 The simplest way to do this is using linkgit:git-push[1] and ssh; to
-update the remote branch named "master" with the latest state of your
-branch named "master", run
+update the remote branch named `master` with the latest state of your
+branch named `master`, run
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git push ssh://yourserver.com/~you/proj.git master:master
@@ -1981,31 +2003,37 @@
 <<fast-forwards,fast-forward>>; see the following section for details on
 handling this case.
 
-Note that the target of a "push" is normally a
+Note that the target of a `push` is normally a
 <<def_bare_repository,bare>> repository.  You can also push to a
-repository that has a checked-out working tree, but the working tree
-will not be updated by the push.  This may lead to unexpected results if
-the branch you push to is the currently checked-out branch!
+repository that has a checked-out working tree, but a push to update the
+currently checked-out branch is denied by default to prevent confusion.
+See the description of the receive.denyCurrentBranch option
+in linkgit:git-config[1] for details.
 
 As with `git fetch`, you may also set up configuration options to
-save typing; so, for example, after
+save typing; so, for example:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ cat >>.git/config <<EOF
+$ git remote add public-repo ssh://yourserver.com/~you/proj.git
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+adds the following to `.git/config`:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
 [remote "public-repo"]
-	url = ssh://yourserver.com/~you/proj.git
-EOF
+	url = yourserver.com:proj.git
+	fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/example/*
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-you should be able to perform the above push with just
+which lets you do the same push with just
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git push public-repo master
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-See the explanations of the remote.<name>.url, branch.<name>.remote,
-and remote.<name>.push options in linkgit:git-config[1] for
-details.
+See the explanations of the `remote.<name>.url`,
+`branch.<name>.remote`, and `remote.<name>.push` options in
+linkgit:git-config[1] for details.
 
 [[forcing-push]]
 What to do when a push fails
@@ -2036,6 +2064,13 @@
 $ git push ssh://yourserver.com/~you/proj.git +master
 -------------------------------------------------
 
+Note the addition of the `+` sign.  Alternatively, you can use the
+`-f` flag to force the remote update, as in:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git push -f ssh://yourserver.com/~you/proj.git master
+-------------------------------------------------
+
 Normally whenever a branch head in a public repository is modified, it
 is modified to point to a descendant of the commit that it pointed to
 before.  By forcing a push in this situation, you break that convention.
@@ -2063,9 +2098,9 @@
 linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7] for instructions on how to
 set this up.
 
-However, while there is nothing wrong with git's support for shared
+However, while there is nothing wrong with Git's support for shared
 repositories, this mode of operation is not generally recommended,
-simply because the mode of collaboration that git supports--by
+simply because the mode of collaboration that Git supports--by
 exchanging patches and pulling from public repositories--has so many
 advantages over the central shared repository:
 
@@ -2089,8 +2124,8 @@
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 The gitweb cgi script provides users an easy way to browse your
-project's files and history without having to install git; see the file
-gitweb/INSTALL in the git source tree for instructions on setting it up.
+project's files and history without having to install Git; see the file
+gitweb/INSTALL in the Git source tree for instructions on setting it up.
 
 [[sharing-development-examples]]
 Examples
@@ -2100,7 +2135,7 @@
 Maintaining topic branches for a Linux subsystem maintainer
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-This describes how Tony Luck uses git in his role as maintainer of the
+This describes how Tony Luck uses Git in his role as maintainer of the
 IA64 architecture for the Linux kernel.
 
 He uses two public branches:
@@ -2133,7 +2168,7 @@
 
 Now create the branches in which you are going to work; these start out
 at the current tip of origin/master branch, and should be set up (using
-the --track option to linkgit:git-branch[1]) to merge changes in from
+the `--track` option to linkgit:git-branch[1]) to merge changes in from
 Linus by default.
 
 -------------------------------------------------
@@ -2150,9 +2185,9 @@
 
 Important note!  If you have any local changes in these branches, then
 this merge will create a commit object in the history (with no local
-changes git will simply do a "fast-forward" merge).  Many people dislike
+changes Git will simply do a "fast-forward" merge).  Many people dislike
 the "noise" that this creates in the Linux history, so you should avoid
-doing this capriciously in the "release" branch, as these noisy commits
+doing this capriciously in the `release` branch, as these noisy commits
 will become part of the permanent history when you ask Linus to pull
 from the release branch.
 
@@ -2194,7 +2229,7 @@
 Linus's branch. Picking a stable base for your branch will:
 1) help you: by avoiding inclusion of unrelated and perhaps lightly
 tested changes
-2) help future bug hunters that use "git bisect" to find problems
+2) help future bug hunters that use `git bisect` to find problems
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git checkout -b speed-up-spinlocks v2.6.35
@@ -2219,9 +2254,9 @@
 spent a while on this step and had also pulled new versions from upstream.
 
 Some time later when enough time has passed and testing done, you can pull the
-same branch into the "release" tree ready to go upstream.  This is where you
+same branch into the `release` tree ready to go upstream.  This is where you
 see the value of keeping each patch (or patch series) in its own branch.  It
-means that the patches can be moved into the "release" tree in any order.
+means that the patches can be moved into the `release` tree in any order.
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git checkout release && git pull . speed-up-spinlocks
@@ -2254,7 +2289,7 @@
 
 Once a patch completes the great cycle (moving from test to release,
 then pulled by Linus, and finally coming back into your local
-"origin/master" branch), the branch for this change is no longer needed.
+`origin/master` branch), the branch for this change is no longer needed.
 You detect this when the output from:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
@@ -2269,27 +2304,23 @@
 
 Some changes are so trivial that it is not necessary to create a separate
 branch and then merge into each of the test and release branches.  For
-these changes, just apply directly to the "release" branch, and then
-merge that into the "test" branch.
+these changes, just apply directly to the `release` branch, and then
+merge that into the `test` branch.
 
-To create diffstat and shortlog summaries of changes to include in a "please
-pull" request to Linus you can use:
+After pushing your work to `mytree`, you can use
+linkgit:git-request-pull[1] to prepare a "please pull" request message
+to send to Linus:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git diff --stat origin..release
--------------------------------------------------
-
-and
-
--------------------------------------------------
-$ git log -p origin..release | git shortlog
+$ git push mytree
+$ git request-pull origin mytree release
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 Here are some of the scripts that simplify all this even further.
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 ==== update script ====
-# Update a branch in my GIT tree.  If the branch to be updated
+# Update a branch in my Git tree.  If the branch to be updated
 # is origin, then pull from kernel.org.  Otherwise merge
 # origin/master branch into test|release branch
 
@@ -2307,7 +2338,7 @@
 	fi
 	;;
 *)
-	echo "Usage: $0 origin|test|release" 1>&2
+	echo "usage: $0 origin|test|release" 1>&2
 	exit 1
 	;;
 esac
@@ -2321,7 +2352,7 @@
 
 usage()
 {
-	echo "Usage: $pname branch test|release" 1>&2
+	echo "usage: $pname branch test|release" 1>&2
 	exit 1
 }
 
@@ -2347,7 +2378,7 @@
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 ==== status script ====
-# report on status of my ia64 GIT tree
+# report on status of my ia64 Git tree
 
 gb=$(tput setab 2)
 rb=$(tput setab 1)
@@ -2403,7 +2434,7 @@
 
 Normally commits are only added to a project, never taken away or
 replaced.  Git is designed with this assumption, and violating it will
-cause git's merge machinery (for example) to do the wrong thing.
+cause Git's merge machinery (for example) to do the wrong thing.
 
 However, there is a situation in which it can be useful to violate this
 assumption.
@@ -2445,8 +2476,8 @@
 Keeping a patch series up to date using git rebase
 --------------------------------------------------
 
-Suppose that you create a branch "mywork" on a remote-tracking branch
-"origin", and create some commits on top of it:
+Suppose that you create a branch `mywork` on a remote-tracking branch
+`origin`, and create some commits on top of it:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git checkout -b mywork origin
@@ -2458,7 +2489,7 @@
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 You have performed no merges into mywork, so it is just a simple linear
-sequence of patches on top of "origin":
+sequence of patches on top of `origin`:
 
 ................................................
  o--o--O <-- origin
@@ -2467,7 +2498,7 @@
 ................................................
 
 Some more interesting work has been done in the upstream project, and
-"origin" has advanced:
+`origin` has advanced:
 
 ................................................
  o--o--O--o--o--o <-- origin
@@ -2475,7 +2506,7 @@
          a--b--c <-- mywork
 ................................................
 
-At this point, you could use "pull" to merge your changes back in;
+At this point, you could use `pull` to merge your changes back in;
 the result would create a new merge commit, like this:
 
 ................................................
@@ -2494,7 +2525,7 @@
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 This will remove each of your commits from mywork, temporarily saving
-them as patches (in a directory named ".git/rebase-apply"), update mywork to
+them as patches (in a directory named `.git/rebase-apply`), update mywork to
 point at the latest version of origin, then apply each of the saved
 patches to the new mywork.  The result will look like:
 
@@ -2514,7 +2545,7 @@
 $ git rebase --continue
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-and git will continue applying the rest of the patches.
+and Git will continue applying the rest of the patches.
 
 At any point you may use the `--abort` option to abort this process and
 return mywork to the state it had before you started the rebase:
@@ -2523,6 +2554,12 @@
 $ git rebase --abort
 -------------------------------------------------
 
+If you need to reorder or edit a number of commits in a branch, it may
+be easier to use `git rebase -i`, which allows you to reorder and
+squash commits, as well as marking them for individual editing during
+the rebase.  See <<interactive-rebase>> for details, and
+<<reordering-patch-series>> for alternatives.
+
 [[rewriting-one-commit]]
 Rewriting a single commit
 -------------------------
@@ -2536,72 +2573,89 @@
 
 which will replace the old commit by a new commit incorporating your
 changes, giving you a chance to edit the old commit message first.
+This is useful for fixing typos in your last commit, or for adjusting
+the patch contents of a poorly staged commit.
 
-You can also use a combination of this and linkgit:git-rebase[1] to
-replace a commit further back in your history and recreate the
-intervening changes on top of it.  First, tag the problematic commit
-with
-
--------------------------------------------------
-$ git tag bad mywork~5
--------------------------------------------------
-
-(Either gitk or `git log` may be useful for finding the commit.)
-
-Then check out that commit, edit it, and rebase the rest of the series
-on top of it (note that we could check out the commit on a temporary
-branch, but instead we're using a <<detached-head,detached head>>):
-
--------------------------------------------------
-$ git checkout bad
-$ # make changes here and update the index
-$ git commit --amend
-$ git rebase --onto HEAD bad mywork
--------------------------------------------------
-
-When you're done, you'll be left with mywork checked out, with the top
-patches on mywork reapplied on top of your modified commit.  You can
-then clean up with
-
--------------------------------------------------
-$ git tag -d bad
--------------------------------------------------
-
-Note that the immutable nature of git history means that you haven't really
-"modified" existing commits; instead, you have replaced the old commits with
-new commits having new object names.
+If you need to amend commits from deeper in your history, you can
+use <<interactive-rebase,interactive rebase's `edit` instruction>>.
 
 [[reordering-patch-series]]
 Reordering or selecting from a patch series
 -------------------------------------------
 
-Given one existing commit, the linkgit:git-cherry-pick[1] command
-allows you to apply the change introduced by that commit and create a
-new commit that records it.  So, for example, if "mywork" points to a
-series of patches on top of "origin", you might do something like:
-
--------------------------------------------------
-$ git checkout -b mywork-new origin
-$ gitk origin..mywork &
--------------------------------------------------
-
-and browse through the list of patches in the mywork branch using gitk,
-applying them (possibly in a different order) to mywork-new using
-cherry-pick, and possibly modifying them as you go using `git commit --amend`.
-The linkgit:git-gui[1] command may also help as it allows you to
-individually select diff hunks for inclusion in the index (by
-right-clicking on the diff hunk and choosing "Stage Hunk for Commit").
-
-Another technique is to use `git format-patch` to create a series of
-patches, then reset the state to before the patches:
+Sometimes you want to edit a commit deeper in your history.  One
+approach is to use `git format-patch` to create a series of patches
+and then reset the state to before the patches:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git format-patch origin
 $ git reset --hard origin
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-Then modify, reorder, or eliminate patches as preferred before applying
-them again with linkgit:git-am[1].
+Then modify, reorder, or eliminate patches as needed before applying
+them again with linkgit:git-am[1]:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git am *.patch
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+[[interactive-rebase]]
+Using interactive rebases
+-------------------------
+
+You can also edit a patch series with an interactive rebase.  This is
+the same as <<reordering-patch-series,reordering a patch series using
+`format-patch`>>, so use whichever interface you like best.
+
+Rebase your current HEAD on the last commit you want to retain as-is.
+For example, if you want to reorder the last 5 commits, use:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git rebase -i HEAD~5
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+This will open your editor with a list of steps to be taken to perform
+your rebase.
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+pick deadbee The oneline of this commit
+pick fa1afe1 The oneline of the next commit
+...
+
+# Rebase c0ffeee..deadbee onto c0ffeee
+#
+# Commands:
+#  p, pick = use commit
+#  r, reword = use commit, but edit the commit message
+#  e, edit = use commit, but stop for amending
+#  s, squash = use commit, but meld into previous commit
+#  f, fixup = like "squash", but discard this commit's log message
+#  x, exec = run command (the rest of the line) using shell
+#
+# These lines can be re-ordered; they are executed from top to bottom.
+#
+# If you remove a line here THAT COMMIT WILL BE LOST.
+#
+# However, if you remove everything, the rebase will be aborted.
+#
+# Note that empty commits are commented out
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+As explained in the comments, you can reorder commits, squash them
+together, edit commit messages, etc. by editing the list.  Once you
+are satisfied, save the list and close your editor, and the rebase
+will begin.
+
+The rebase will stop where `pick` has been replaced with `edit` or
+when a step in the list fails to mechanically resolve conflicts and
+needs your help.  When you are done editing and/or resolving conflicts
+you can continue with `git rebase --continue`.  If you decide that
+things are getting too hairy, you can always bail out with `git rebase
+--abort`.  Even after the rebase is complete, you can still recover
+the original branch by using the <<reflogs,reflog>>.
+
+For a more detailed discussion of the procedure and additional tips,
+see the "INTERACTIVE MODE" section of linkgit:git-rebase[1].
 
 [[patch-series-tools]]
 Other tools
@@ -2648,7 +2702,7 @@
 the old head; it treats this situation exactly the same as it would if
 two developers had independently done the work on the old and new heads
 in parallel.  At this point, if someone attempts to merge the new head
-in to their branch, git will attempt to merge together the two (old and
+in to their branch, Git will attempt to merge together the two (old and
 new) lines of development, instead of trying to replace the old by the
 new.  The results are likely to be unexpected.
 
@@ -2721,7 +2775,7 @@
 Bisecting between Z and D* would hit a single culprit commit Y*,
 and understanding why Y* was broken would probably be easier.
 
-Partly for this reason, many experienced git users, even when
+Partly for this reason, many experienced Git users, even when
 working on an otherwise merge-heavy project, keep the history
 linear by rebasing against the latest upstream version before
 publishing.
@@ -2742,10 +2796,10 @@
 $ git fetch origin todo:my-todo-work
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-The first argument, "origin", just tells git to fetch from the
-repository you originally cloned from.  The second argument tells git
-to fetch the branch named "todo" from the remote repository, and to
-store it locally under the name refs/heads/my-todo-work.
+The first argument, `origin`, just tells Git to fetch from the
+repository you originally cloned from.  The second argument tells Git
+to fetch the branch named `todo` from the remote repository, and to
+store it locally under the name `refs/heads/my-todo-work`.
 
 You can also fetch branches from other repositories; so
 
@@ -2753,8 +2807,8 @@
 $ git fetch git://example.com/proj.git master:example-master
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-will create a new branch named "example-master" and store in it the
-branch named "master" from the repository at the given URL.  If you
+will create a new branch named `example-master` and store in it the
+branch named `master` from the repository at the given URL.  If you
 already have a branch named example-master, it will attempt to
 <<fast-forwards,fast-forward>> to the commit given by example.com's
 master branch.  In more detail:
@@ -2763,7 +2817,7 @@
 git fetch and fast-forwards
 ---------------------------
 
-In the previous example, when updating an existing branch, "git fetch"
+In the previous example, when updating an existing branch, `git fetch`
 checks to make sure that the most recent commit on the remote
 branch is a descendant of the most recent commit on your copy of the
 branch before updating your copy of the branch to point at the new
@@ -2789,11 +2843,11 @@
             o--o--o <-- new head of the branch
 ................................................
 
-In this case, "git fetch" will fail, and print out a warning.
+In this case, `git fetch` will fail, and print out a warning.
 
-In that case, you can still force git to update to the new head, as
+In that case, you can still force Git to update to the new head, as
 described in the following section.  However, note that in the
-situation above this may mean losing the commits labeled "a" and "b",
+situation above this may mean losing the commits labeled `a` and `b`,
 unless you've already created a reference of your own pointing to
 them.
 
@@ -2808,7 +2862,7 @@
 $ git fetch git://example.com/proj.git +master:refs/remotes/example/master
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-Note the addition of the "+" sign.  Alternatively, you can use the "-f"
+Note the addition of the `+` sign.  Alternatively, you can use the `-f`
 flag to force updates of all the fetched branches, as in:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
@@ -2822,9 +2876,9 @@
 Configuring remote-tracking branches
 ------------------------------------
 
-We saw above that "origin" is just a shortcut to refer to the
+We saw above that `origin` is just a shortcut to refer to the
 repository that you originally cloned from.  This information is
-stored in git configuration variables, which you can see using
+stored in Git configuration variables, which you can see using
 linkgit:git-config[1]:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
@@ -2840,48 +2894,34 @@
 
 If there are other repositories that you also use frequently, you can
 create similar configuration options to save typing; for example,
-after
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git config remote.example.url git://example.com/proj.git
+$ git remote add example git://example.com/proj.git
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-then the following two commands will do the same thing:
+adds the following to `.git/config`:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git fetch git://example.com/proj.git master:refs/remotes/example/master
-$ git fetch example master:refs/remotes/example/master
+[remote "example"]
+	url = git://example.com/proj.git
+	fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/example/*
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-Even better, if you add one more option:
+Also note that the above configuration can be performed by directly
+editing the file `.git/config` instead of using linkgit:git-remote[1].
+
+After configuring the remote, the following three commands will do the
+same thing:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git config remote.example.fetch master:refs/remotes/example/master
--------------------------------------------------
-
-then the following commands will all do the same thing:
-
--------------------------------------------------
-$ git fetch git://example.com/proj.git master:refs/remotes/example/master
-$ git fetch example master:refs/remotes/example/master
+$ git fetch git://example.com/proj.git +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/example/*
+$ git fetch example +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/example/*
 $ git fetch example
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-You can also add a "+" to force the update each time:
-
--------------------------------------------------
-$ git config remote.example.fetch +master:ref/remotes/example/master
--------------------------------------------------
-
-Don't do this unless you're sure you won't mind "git fetch" possibly
-throwing away commits on 'example/master'.
-
-Also note that all of the above configuration can be performed by
-directly editing the file .git/config instead of using
-linkgit:git-config[1].
-
 See linkgit:git-config[1] for more details on the configuration
-options mentioned above.
+options mentioned above and linkgit:git-fetch[1] for more details on
+the refspec syntax.
 
 
 [[git-concepts]]
@@ -2890,7 +2930,7 @@
 
 Git is built on a small number of simple but powerful ideas.  While it
 is possible to get things done without understanding them, you will find
-git much more intuitive if you do.
+Git much more intuitive if you do.
 
 We start with the most important, the  <<def_object_database,object
 database>> and the <<def_index,index>>.
@@ -2945,7 +2985,7 @@
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 The "commit" object links a physical state of a tree with a description
-of how we got there and why.  Use the --pretty=raw option to
+of how we got there and why.  Use the `--pretty=raw` option to
 linkgit:git-show[1] or linkgit:git-log[1] to examine your favorite
 commit:
 
@@ -2966,7 +3006,7 @@
 
 - a tree: The SHA-1 name of a tree object (as defined below), representing
   the contents of a directory at a certain point in time.
-- parent(s): The SHA-1 name of some number of commits which represent the
+- parent(s): The SHA-1 name(s) of some number of commits which represent the
   immediately previous step(s) in the history of the project.  The
   example above has one parent; merge commits may have more than
   one.  A commit with no parents is called a "root" commit, and
@@ -2984,10 +3024,10 @@
 Note that a commit does not itself contain any information about what
 actually changed; all changes are calculated by comparing the contents
 of the tree referred to by this commit with the trees associated with
-its parents.  In particular, git does not attempt to record file renames
+its parents.  In particular, Git does not attempt to record file renames
 explicitly, though it can identify cases where the existence of the same
 file data at changing paths suggests a rename.  (See, for example, the
--M option to linkgit:git-diff[1]).
+`-M` option to linkgit:git-diff[1]).
 
 A commit is usually created by linkgit:git-commit[1], which creates a
 commit whose parent is normally the current HEAD, and whose tree is
@@ -3023,14 +3063,14 @@
 and blobs, like all other objects, are named by the SHA-1 hash of their
 contents, two trees have the same SHA-1 name if and only if their
 contents (including, recursively, the contents of all subdirectories)
-are identical.  This allows git to quickly determine the differences
+are identical.  This allows Git to quickly determine the differences
 between two related tree objects, since it can ignore any entries with
 identical object names.
 
 (Note: in the presence of submodules, trees may also have commits as
 entries.  See <<submodules>> for documentation.)
 
-Note that the files all have mode 644 or 755: git actually only pays
+Note that the files all have mode 644 or 755: Git actually only pays
 attention to the executable bit.
 
 [[blob-object]]
@@ -3038,7 +3078,7 @@
 ~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 You can use linkgit:git-show[1] to examine the contents of a blob; take,
-for example, the blob in the entry for "COPYING" from the tree above:
+for example, the blob in the entry for `COPYING` from the tree above:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git show 6ff87c4664
@@ -3091,7 +3131,7 @@
 of the top commit, and digitally sign that email using something
 like GPG/PGP.
 
-To assist in this, git also provides the tag object...
+To assist in this, Git also provides the tag object...
 
 [[tag-object]]
 Tag Object
@@ -3121,14 +3161,14 @@
 See the linkgit:git-tag[1] command to learn how to create and verify tag
 objects.  (Note that linkgit:git-tag[1] can also be used to create
 "lightweight tags", which are not tag objects at all, but just simple
-references whose names begin with "refs/tags/").
+references whose names begin with `refs/tags/`).
 
 [[pack-files]]
-How git stores objects efficiently: pack files
+How Git stores objects efficiently: pack files
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 Newly created objects are initially created in a file named after the
-object's SHA-1 hash (stored in .git/objects).
+object's SHA-1 hash (stored in `.git/objects`).
 
 Unfortunately this system becomes inefficient once a project has a
 lot of objects.  Try this on an old project:
@@ -3142,7 +3182,7 @@
 individual files.  The second is the amount of space taken up by
 those "loose" objects.
 
-You can save space and make git faster by moving these loose objects in
+You can save space and make Git faster by moving these loose objects in
 to a "pack file", which stores a group of objects in an efficient
 compressed format; the details of how pack files are formatted can be
 found in link:technical/pack-format.txt[technical/pack-format.txt].
@@ -3169,9 +3209,9 @@
 
 to remove any of the "loose" objects that are now contained in the
 pack.  This will also remove any unreferenced objects (which may be
-created when, for example, you use "git reset" to remove a commit).
+created when, for example, you use `git reset` to remove a commit).
 You can verify that the loose objects are gone by looking at the
-.git/objects directory or by running
+`.git/objects` directory or by running
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git count-objects
@@ -3198,7 +3238,7 @@
 pointer itself just doesn't, since you replaced it with another one.
 
 There are also other situations that cause dangling objects. For
-example, a "dangling blob" may arise because you did a "git add" of a
+example, a "dangling blob" may arise because you did a `git add` of a
 file, but then, before you actually committed it and made it part of the
 bigger picture, you changed something else in that file and committed
 that *updated* thing--the old state that you added originally ends up
@@ -3241,14 +3281,14 @@
 ------------------------------------------------
 
 to show what the contents of the blob were (or, for a tree, basically
-what the "ls" for that directory was), and that may give you some idea
+what the `ls` for that directory was), and that may give you some idea
 of what the operation was that left that dangling object.
 
 Usually, dangling blobs and trees aren't very interesting. They're
 almost always the result of either being a half-way mergebase (the blob
 will often even have the conflict markers from a merge in it, if you
 have had conflicting merges that you fixed up by hand), or simply
-because you interrupted a "git fetch" with ^C or something like that,
+because you interrupted a `git fetch` with ^C or something like that,
 leaving _some_ of the new objects in the object database, but just
 dangling and useless.
 
@@ -3259,28 +3299,28 @@
 $ git prune
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-and they'll be gone. But you should only run "git prune" on a quiescent
+and they'll be gone. But you should only run `git prune` on a quiescent
 repository--it's kind of like doing a filesystem fsck recovery: you
 don't want to do that while the filesystem is mounted.
 
-(The same is true of "git fsck" itself, btw, but since
+(The same is true of `git fsck` itself, btw, but since
 `git fsck` never actually *changes* the repository, it just reports
 on what it found, `git fsck` itself is never 'dangerous' to run.
 Running it while somebody is actually changing the repository can cause
 confusing and scary messages, but it won't actually do anything bad. In
-contrast, running "git prune" while somebody is actively changing the
+contrast, running `git prune` while somebody is actively changing the
 repository is a *BAD* idea).
 
 [[recovering-from-repository-corruption]]
 Recovering from repository corruption
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-By design, git treats data trusted to it with caution.  However, even in
-the absence of bugs in git itself, it is still possible that hardware or
+By design, Git treats data trusted to it with caution.  However, even in
+the absence of bugs in Git itself, it is still possible that hardware or
 operating system errors could corrupt data.
 
 The first defense against such problems is backups.  You can back up a
-git directory using clone, or just using cp, tar, or any other backup
+Git directory using clone, or just using cp, tar, or any other backup
 mechanism.
 
 As a last resort, you can search for the corrupted objects and attempt
@@ -3306,7 +3346,7 @@
 Now you know that blob 4b9458b3 is missing, and that the tree 2d9263c6
 points to it.  If you could find just one copy of that missing blob
 object, possibly in some other repository, you could move it into
-.git/objects/4b/9458b3... and be done.  Suppose you can't.  You can
+`.git/objects/4b/9458b3...` and be done.  Suppose you can't.  You can
 still examine the tree that pointed to it with linkgit:git-ls-tree[1],
 which might output something like:
 
@@ -3321,10 +3361,10 @@
 ------------------------------------------------
 
 So now you know that the missing blob was the data for a file named
-"myfile".  And chances are you can also identify the directory--let's
-say it's in "somedirectory".  If you're lucky the missing copy might be
+`myfile`.  And chances are you can also identify the directory--let's
+say it's in `somedirectory`.  If you're lucky the missing copy might be
 the same as the copy you have checked out in your working tree at
-"somedirectory/myfile"; you can test whether that's right with
+`somedirectory/myfile`; you can test whether that's right with
 linkgit:git-hash-object[1]:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
@@ -3363,8 +3403,8 @@
 :100644 100644 oldsha... 4b9458b... M somedirectory/myfile
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-This tells you that the immediately preceding version of the file was
-"newsha", and that the immediately following version was "oldsha".
+This tells you that the immediately following version of the file was
+"newsha", and that the immediately preceding version was "oldsha".
 You also know the commit messages that went with the change from oldsha
 to 4b9458b and with the change from 4b9458b to newsha.
 
@@ -3379,21 +3419,21 @@
 
 and your repository is good again!
 
-(Btw, you could have ignored the fsck, and started with doing a
+(Btw, you could have ignored the `fsck`, and started with doing a
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git log --raw --all
 ------------------------------------------------
 
 and just looked for the sha of the missing object (4b9458b..) in that
-whole thing. It's up to you - git does *have* a lot of information, it is
+whole thing. It's up to you--Git does *have* a lot of information, it is
 just missing one particular blob version.
 
 [[the-index]]
 The index
 -----------
 
-The index is a binary file (generally kept in .git/index) containing a
+The index is a binary file (generally kept in `.git/index`) containing a
 sorted list of path names, each with permissions and the SHA-1 of a blob
 object; linkgit:git-ls-files[1] can show you the contents of the index:
 
@@ -3428,7 +3468,7 @@
 the last modified time).  This data is not displayed above, and is not
 stored in the created tree object, but it can be used to determine
 quickly which files in the working directory differ from what was
-stored in the index, and thus save git from having to read all of the
+stored in the index, and thus save Git from having to read all of the
 data from such files to look for changes.
 
 3. It can efficiently represent information about merge conflicts
@@ -3533,7 +3573,7 @@
 
 The `git submodule add <repo> <path>` command does a couple of things:
 
-- It clones the submodule from <repo> to the given <path> under the
+- It clones the submodule from `<repo>` to the given `<path>` under the
   current directory and by default checks out the master branch.
 - It adds the submodule's clone path to the linkgit:gitmodules[5] file and
   adds this file to the index, ready to be committed.
@@ -3659,13 +3699,13 @@
 Unable to checkout '261dfac35cb99d380eb966e102c1197139f7fa24' in submodule path 'a'
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-In older git versions it could be easily forgotten to commit new or modified
+In older Git versions it could be easily forgotten to commit new or modified
 files in a submodule, which silently leads to similar problems as not pushing
-the submodule changes. Starting with git 1.7.0 both "git status" and "git diff"
+the submodule changes. Starting with Git 1.7.0 both `git status` and `git diff`
 in the superproject show submodules as modified when they contain new or
-modified files to protect against accidentally committing such a state. "git
-diff" will also add a "-dirty" to the work tree side when generating patch
-output or used with the --submodule option:
+modified files to protect against accidentally committing such a state. `git
+diff` will also add a `-dirty` to the work tree side when generating patch
+output or used with the `--submodule` option:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git diff
@@ -3701,15 +3741,17 @@
 
 NOTE: The changes are still visible in the submodule's reflog.
 
-This is not the case if you did not commit your changes.
+If you have uncommitted changes in your submodule working tree, `git
+submodule update` will not overwrite them.  Instead, you get the usual
+warning about not being able switch from a dirty branch.
 
 [[low-level-operations]]
-Low-level git operations
+Low-level Git operations
 ========================
 
 Many of the higher-level commands were originally implemented as shell
-scripts using a smaller core of low-level git commands.  These can still
-be useful when doing unusual things with git, or just as a way to
+scripts using a smaller core of low-level Git commands.  These can still
+be useful when doing unusual things with Git, or just as a way to
 understand its inner workings.
 
 [[object-manipulation]]
@@ -3740,7 +3782,7 @@
 provides low-level operations which perform each of these steps
 individually.
 
-Generally, all "git" operations work on the index file. Some operations
+Generally, all Git operations work on the index file. Some operations
 work *purely* on the index file (showing the current state of the
 index), but most operations move data between the index file and either
 the database or the working directory. Thus there are four main
@@ -3763,7 +3805,7 @@
 will not normally add totally new entries or remove old entries,
 i.e. it will normally just update existing cache entries.
 
-To tell git that yes, you really do realize that certain files no
+To tell Git that yes, you really do realize that certain files no
 longer exist, or that new files should be added, you
 should use the `--remove` and `--add` flags respectively.
 
@@ -3839,7 +3881,7 @@
 
 NOTE! `git checkout-index` normally refuses to overwrite old files, so
 if you have an old version of the tree already checked out, you will
-need to use the "-f" flag ('before' the "-a" flag or the filename) to
+need to use the `-f` flag ('before' the `-a` flag or the filename) to
 'force' the checkout.
 
 
@@ -3850,7 +3892,7 @@
 Tying it all together
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-To commit a tree you have instantiated with "git write-tree", you'd
+To commit a tree you have instantiated with `git write-tree`, you'd
 create a "commit" object that refers to that tree and the history
 behind it--most notably the "parent" commits that preceded it in
 history.
@@ -3877,7 +3919,7 @@
 
 `git commit-tree` will return the name of the object that represents
 that commit, and you should save it away for later use. Normally,
-you'd commit a new `HEAD` state, and while git doesn't care where you
+you'd commit a new `HEAD` state, and while Git doesn't care where you
 save the note about that state, in practice we tend to just write the
 result to the file pointed at by `.git/HEAD`, so that we can always see
 what the last committed state was.
@@ -4034,9 +4076,9 @@
 
 Each line of the `git ls-files --unmerged` output begins with
 the blob mode bits, blob SHA-1, 'stage number', and the
-filename.  The 'stage number' is git's way to say which tree it
-came from: stage 1 corresponds to `$orig` tree, stage 2 `HEAD`
-tree, and stage3 `$target` tree.
+filename.  The 'stage number' is Git's way to say which tree it
+came from: stage 1 corresponds to the `$orig` tree, stage 2 to
+the `HEAD` tree, and stage 3 to the `$target` tree.
 
 Earlier we said that trivial merges are done inside
 `git read-tree -m`.  For example, if the file did not change
@@ -4046,7 +4088,7 @@
 above example shows is that file `hello.c` was changed from
 `$orig` to `HEAD` and `$orig` to `$target` in a different way.
 You could resolve this by running your favorite 3-way merge
-program, e.g.  `diff3`, `merge`, or git's own merge-file, on
+program, e.g.  `diff3`, `merge`, or Git's own merge-file, on
 the blob objects from these three stages yourself, like this:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
@@ -4058,7 +4100,7 @@
 
 This would leave the merge result in `hello.c~2` file, along
 with conflict markers if there are conflicts.  After verifying
-the merge result makes sense, you can tell git what the final
+the merge result makes sense, you can tell Git what the final
 merge result for this file is by:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
@@ -4067,11 +4109,11 @@
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 When a path is in the "unmerged" state, running `git update-index` for
-that path tells git to mark the path resolved.
+that path tells Git to mark the path resolved.
 
-The above is the description of a git merge at the lowest level,
+The above is the description of a Git merge at the lowest level,
 to help you understand what conceptually happens under the hood.
-In practice, nobody, not even git itself, runs `git cat-file` three times
+In practice, nobody, not even Git itself, runs `git cat-file` three times
 for this.  There is a `git merge-index` program that extracts the
 stages to temporary files and calls a "merge" script on it:
 
@@ -4082,11 +4124,11 @@
 and that is what higher level `git merge -s resolve` is implemented with.
 
 [[hacking-git]]
-Hacking git
+Hacking Git
 ===========
 
-This chapter covers internal details of the git implementation which
-probably only git developers need to understand.
+This chapter covers internal details of the Git implementation which
+probably only Git developers need to understand.
 
 [[object-details]]
 Object storage format
@@ -4104,15 +4146,16 @@
 that is used to name the object is the hash of the original data
 plus this header, so `sha1sum` 'file' does not match the object name
 for 'file'.
-(Historical note: in the dawn of the age of git the hash
+(Historical note: in the dawn of the age of Git the hash
 was the SHA-1 of the 'compressed' object.)
 
 As a result, the general consistency of an object can always be tested
 independently of the contents or the type of the object: all objects can
 be validated by verifying that (a) their hashes match the content of the
 file and (b) the object successfully inflates to a stream of bytes that
-forms a sequence of <ascii type without space> {plus} <space> {plus} <ascii decimal
-size> {plus} <byte\0> {plus} <binary object data>.
+forms a sequence of
+`<ascii type without space> + <space> + <ascii decimal size> +
+<byte\0> + <binary object data>`.
 
 The structured objects can further have their structure and
 connectivity to other objects verified. This is generally done with
@@ -4134,7 +4177,7 @@
 $ git checkout e83c5163
 ----------------------------------------------------
 
-The initial revision lays the foundation for almost everything git has
+The initial revision lays the foundation for almost everything Git has
 today, but is small enough to read in one sitting.
 
 Note that terminology has changed since that revision.  For example, the
@@ -4288,7 +4331,7 @@
 This is how you read a blob (actually, not only a blob, but any type of
 object).  To know how the function `read_object_with_reference()` actually
 works, find the source code for it (something like `git grep
-read_object_with | grep ":[a-z]"` in the git repository), and read
+read_object_with | grep ":[a-z]"` in the Git repository), and read
 the source.
 
 To find out how the result can be used, just read on in `cmd_cat_file()`:
@@ -4469,7 +4512,7 @@
 Making changes
 --------------
 
-Make sure git knows who to blame:
+Make sure Git knows who to blame:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ cat >>~/.gitconfig <<\EOF
@@ -4519,7 +4562,7 @@
 $ git am mbox # import patches from the mailbox "mbox"
 -----------------------------------------------
 
-Fetch a branch in a different git repository, then merge into the
+Fetch a branch in a different Git repository, then merge into the
 current branch:
 
 -----------------------------------------------
@@ -4580,7 +4623,7 @@
 
 - It must be readable in order, from beginning to end, by someone
   intelligent with a basic grasp of the UNIX command line, but without
-  any special knowledge of git.  If necessary, any other prerequisites
+  any special knowledge of Git.  If necessary, any other prerequisites
   should be specifically mentioned as they arise.
 - Whenever possible, section headings should clearly describe the task
   they explain how to do, in language that requires no more knowledge
@@ -4591,10 +4634,10 @@
 allow people to get to important topics without necessarily reading
 everything in between.
 
-Scan Documentation/ for other stuff left out; in particular:
+Scan `Documentation/` for other stuff left out; in particular:
 
 - howto's
-- some of technical/?
+- some of `technical/`?
 - hooks
 - list of commands in linkgit:git[1]
 
diff --git a/GIT-VERSION-GEN b/GIT-VERSION-GEN
index 43d5649..45ead76 100755
--- a/GIT-VERSION-GEN
+++ b/GIT-VERSION-GEN
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
 GVF=GIT-VERSION-FILE
-DEF_VER=v1.7.11
+DEF_VER=v1.8.3.2
 
 LF='
 '
diff --git a/INSTALL b/INSTALL
index 28f34bd..ba01e74 100644
--- a/INSTALL
+++ b/INSTALL
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@
 	- "openssl" library is used by git-imap-send to use IMAP over SSL.
 	  If you don't need it, use NO_OPENSSL.
 
-	  By default, git uses OpenSSL for SHA1 but it will use it's own
+	  By default, git uses OpenSSL for SHA1 but it will use its own
 	  library (inspired by Mozilla's) with either NO_OPENSSL or
 	  BLK_SHA1.  Also included is a version optimized for PowerPC
 	  (PPC_SHA1).
@@ -131,8 +131,9 @@
 	  use English. Under autoconf the configure script will do this
 	  automatically if it can't find libintl on the system.
 
-	- Python version 2.6 or later is needed to use the git-p4
-	  interface to Perforce.
+	- Python version 2.4 or later (but not 3.x, which is not
+	  supported by Perforce) is needed to use the git-p4 interface
+	  to Perforce.
 
  - Some platform specific issues are dealt with Makefile rules,
    but depending on your specific installation, you may not
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 4592f1f..6b91612 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -43,6 +43,9 @@
 # Define EXPATDIR=/foo/bar if your expat header and library files are in
 # /foo/bar/include and /foo/bar/lib directories.
 #
+# Define EXPAT_NEEDS_XMLPARSE_H if you have an old version of expat (e.g.,
+# 1.1 or 1.2) that provides xmlparse.h instead of expat.h.
+#
 # Define NO_GETTEXT if you don't want Git output to be translated.
 # A translated Git requires GNU libintl or another gettext implementation,
 # plus libintl-perl at runtime.
@@ -66,6 +69,9 @@
 # Define NO_MSGFMT_EXTENDED_OPTIONS if your implementation of msgfmt
 # doesn't support GNU extensions like --check and --statistics
 #
+# Define NEEDS_CLIPPED_WRITE if your write(2) cannot write more than
+# INT_MAX bytes at once (e.g. MacOS X).
+#
 # Define HAVE_PATHS_H if you have paths.h and want to use the default PATH
 # it specifies.
 #
@@ -74,10 +80,14 @@
 # Define NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT if your platform defines DT_UNKNOWN but lacks
 # d_type in struct dirent (Cygwin 1.5, fixed in Cygwin 1.7).
 #
+# Define HAVE_STRINGS_H if you have strings.h and need it for strcasecmp.
+#
 # Define NO_STRCASESTR if you don't have strcasestr.
 #
 # Define NO_MEMMEM if you don't have memmem.
 #
+# Define NO_GETPAGESIZE if you don't have getpagesize.
+#
 # Define NO_STRLCPY if you don't have strlcpy.
 #
 # Define NO_STRTOUMAX if you don't have both strtoimax and strtoumax in the
@@ -90,15 +100,18 @@
 #
 # Define NO_MKDTEMP if you don't have mkdtemp in the C library.
 #
-# Define NO_MKSTEMPS if you don't have mkstemps in the C library.
+# Define MKDIR_WO_TRAILING_SLASH if your mkdir() can't deal with trailing slash.
 #
-# Define NO_STRTOK_R if you don't have strtok_r in the C library.
+# Define NO_MKSTEMPS if you don't have mkstemps in the C library.
 #
 # Define NO_FNMATCH if you don't have fnmatch in the C library.
 #
 # Define NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD if your fnmatch function doesn't have the
 # FNM_CASEFOLD GNU extension.
 #
+# Define USE_WILDMATCH if you want to use Git's wildmatch
+# implementation as fnmatch
+#
 # Define NO_GECOS_IN_PWENT if you don't have pw_gecos in struct passwd
 # in the C library.
 #
@@ -127,9 +140,12 @@
 # specify your own (or DarwinPort's) include directories and
 # library directories by defining CFLAGS and LDFLAGS appropriately.
 #
-# Define BLK_SHA1 environment variable if you want the C version
-# of the SHA1 that assumes you can do unaligned 32-bit loads and
-# have a fast htonl() function.
+# Define NO_APPLE_COMMON_CRYPTO if you are building on Darwin/Mac OS X
+# and do not want to use Apple's CommonCrypto library.  This allows you
+# to provide your own OpenSSL library, for example from MacPorts.
+#
+# Define BLK_SHA1 environment variable to make use of the bundled
+# optimized C SHA1 routine.
 #
 # Define PPC_SHA1 environment variable when running make to make use of
 # a bundled SHA1 routine optimized for PowerPC.
@@ -144,6 +160,12 @@
 #
 # Define NEEDS_LIBICONV if linking with libc is not enough (Darwin).
 #
+# Define NEEDS_LIBINTL_BEFORE_LIBICONV if you need libintl before libiconv.
+#
+# Define NO_INTPTR_T if you don't have intptr_t nor uintptr_t.
+#
+# Define NO_UINTMAX_T if you don't have uintmax_t.
+#
 # Define NEEDS_SOCKET if linking with libc is not enough (SunOS,
 # Patrick Mauritz).
 #
@@ -153,11 +175,28 @@
 #
 # Define NO_MMAP if you want to avoid mmap.
 #
+# Define NO_SYS_POLL_H if you don't have sys/poll.h.
+#
+# Define NO_POLL if you do not have or don't want to use poll().
+# This also implies NO_SYS_POLL_H.
+#
+# Define NEEDS_SYS_PARAM_H if you need to include sys/param.h to compile,
+# *PLEASE* REPORT to git@vger.kernel.org if your platform needs this;
+# we want to know more about the issue.
+#
 # Define NO_PTHREADS if you do not have or do not want to use Pthreads.
 #
 # Define NO_PREAD if you have a problem with pread() system call (e.g.
 # cygwin1.dll before v1.5.22).
 #
+# Define NO_SETITIMER if you don't have setitimer()
+#
+# Define NO_STRUCT_ITIMERVAL if you don't have struct itimerval
+# This also implies NO_SETITIMER
+#
+# Define NO_THREAD_SAFE_PREAD if your pread() implementation is not
+# thread-safe. (e.g. compat/pread.c or cygwin)
+#
 # Define NO_FAST_WORKING_DIRECTORY if accessing objects in pack files is
 # generally faster on your platform than accessing the working directory.
 #
@@ -203,8 +242,6 @@
 # Define NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT if your platform does not have st_blocks
 # field that counts the on-disk footprint in 512-byte blocks.
 #
-# Define ASCIIDOC7 if you want to format documentation with AsciiDoc 7
-#
 # Define DOCBOOK_XSL_172 if you want to format man pages with DocBook XSL v1.72
 # (not v1.73 or v1.71).
 #
@@ -215,11 +252,16 @@
 # apostrophes to be ASCII so that cut&pasting examples to the shell
 # will work.
 #
+# Define PERL_PATH to the path of your Perl binary (usually /usr/bin/perl).
+#
 # Define NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER if you cannot use Makefiles generated by perl's
 # MakeMaker (e.g. using ActiveState under Cygwin).
 #
 # Define NO_PERL if you do not want Perl scripts or libraries at all.
 #
+# Define PYTHON_PATH to the path of your Python binary (often /usr/bin/python
+# but /usr/bin/python2.7 on some platforms).
+#
 # Define NO_PYTHON if you do not want Python scripts or libraries at all.
 #
 # Define NO_TCLTK if you do not want Tcl/Tk GUI.
@@ -255,6 +297,10 @@
 #
 # Define NO_REGEX if you have no or inferior regex support in your C library.
 #
+# Define CYGWIN_V15_WIN32API if you are using Cygwin v1.7.x but are not
+# using the current w32api packages. The recommended approach, however,
+# is to update your installation if compilation errors occur.
+#
 # Define HAVE_DEV_TTY if your system can open /dev/tty to interact with the
 # user.
 #
@@ -296,24 +342,18 @@
 # the diff algorithm.  It gives a nice speedup if your processor has
 # fast unaligned word loads.  Does NOT work on big-endian systems!
 # Enabled by default on x86_64.
+#
+# Define GIT_USER_AGENT if you want to change how git identifies itself during
+# network interactions.  The default is "git/$(GIT_VERSION)".
+#
+# Define DEFAULT_HELP_FORMAT to "man", "info" or "html"
+# (defaults to "man") if you want to have a different default when
+# "git help" is called without a parameter specifying the format.
 
 GIT-VERSION-FILE: FORCE
 	@$(SHELL_PATH) ./GIT-VERSION-GEN
 -include GIT-VERSION-FILE
 
-uname_S := $(shell sh -c 'uname -s 2>/dev/null || echo not')
-uname_M := $(shell sh -c 'uname -m 2>/dev/null || echo not')
-uname_O := $(shell sh -c 'uname -o 2>/dev/null || echo not')
-uname_R := $(shell sh -c 'uname -r 2>/dev/null || echo not')
-uname_P := $(shell sh -c 'uname -p 2>/dev/null || echo not')
-uname_V := $(shell sh -c 'uname -v 2>/dev/null || echo not')
-
-ifdef MSVC
-	# avoid the MingW and Cygwin configuration sections
-	uname_S := Windows
-	uname_O := Windows
-endif
-
 # CFLAGS and LDFLAGS are for the users to override from the command line.
 
 CFLAGS = -g -O2 -Wall
@@ -325,33 +365,39 @@
 # Among the variables below, these:
 #   gitexecdir
 #   template_dir
-#   mandir
-#   infodir
-#   htmldir
 #   sysconfdir
 # can be specified as a relative path some/where/else;
 # this is interpreted as relative to $(prefix) and "git" at
 # runtime figures out where they are based on the path to the executable.
+# Additionally, the following will be treated as relative by "git" if they
+# begin with "$(prefix)/":
+#   mandir
+#   infodir
+#   htmldir
 # This can help installing the suite in a relocatable way.
 
 prefix = $(HOME)
 bindir_relative = bin
 bindir = $(prefix)/$(bindir_relative)
-mandir = share/man
-infodir = share/info
+mandir = $(prefix)/share/man
+infodir = $(prefix)/share/info
 gitexecdir = libexec/git-core
 mergetoolsdir = $(gitexecdir)/mergetools
 sharedir = $(prefix)/share
 gitwebdir = $(sharedir)/gitweb
 localedir = $(sharedir)/locale
 template_dir = share/git-core/templates
-htmldir = share/doc/git-doc
+htmldir = $(prefix)/share/doc/git-doc
 ETC_GITCONFIG = $(sysconfdir)/gitconfig
 ETC_GITATTRIBUTES = $(sysconfdir)/gitattributes
 lib = lib
-# DESTDIR=
+# DESTDIR =
 pathsep = :
 
+mandir_relative = $(patsubst $(prefix)/%,%,$(mandir))
+infodir_relative = $(patsubst $(prefix)/%,%,$(infodir))
+htmldir_relative = $(patsubst $(prefix)/%,%,$(htmldir))
+
 export prefix bindir sharedir sysconfdir gitwebdir localedir
 
 CC = cc
@@ -389,12 +435,9 @@
 BUILT_INS =
 COMPAT_CFLAGS =
 COMPAT_OBJS =
-XDIFF_H =
 XDIFF_OBJS =
-VCSSVN_H =
 VCSSVN_OBJS =
-VCSSVN_TEST_OBJS =
-MISC_H =
+GENERATED_H =
 EXTRA_CPPFLAGS =
 LIB_H =
 LIB_OBJS =
@@ -448,12 +491,41 @@
 SCRIPT_PERL += git-send-email.perl
 SCRIPT_PERL += git-svn.perl
 
-SCRIPT_PYTHON += git-remote-testgit.py
+SCRIPT_PYTHON += git-remote-testpy.py
 SCRIPT_PYTHON += git-p4.py
 
-SCRIPTS = $(patsubst %.sh,%,$(SCRIPT_SH)) \
-	  $(patsubst %.perl,%,$(SCRIPT_PERL)) \
-	  $(patsubst %.py,%,$(SCRIPT_PYTHON)) \
+# Generated files for scripts
+SCRIPT_SH_GEN = $(patsubst %.sh,%,$(SCRIPT_SH))
+SCRIPT_PERL_GEN = $(patsubst %.perl,%,$(SCRIPT_PERL))
+SCRIPT_PYTHON_GEN = $(patsubst %.py,%,$(SCRIPT_PYTHON))
+
+# Individual rules to allow e.g.
+# "make -C ../.. SCRIPT_PERL=contrib/foo/bar.perl build-perl-script"
+# from subdirectories like contrib/*/
+.PHONY: build-perl-script build-sh-script build-python-script
+build-perl-script: $(SCRIPT_PERL_GEN)
+build-sh-script: $(SCRIPT_SH_GEN)
+build-python-script: $(SCRIPT_PYTHON_GEN)
+
+.PHONY: install-perl-script install-sh-script install-python-script
+install-sh-script: $(SCRIPT_SH_GEN)
+	$(INSTALL) $(SCRIPT_SH_GEN) '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexec_instdir_SQ)'
+install-perl-script: $(SCRIPT_PERL_GEN)
+	$(INSTALL) $(SCRIPT_PERL_GEN) '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexec_instdir_SQ)'
+install-python-script: $(SCRIPT_PYTHON_GEN)
+	$(INSTALL) $(SCRIPT_PYTHON_GEN) '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexec_instdir_SQ)'
+
+.PHONY: clean-perl-script clean-sh-script clean-python-script
+clean-sh-script:
+	$(RM) $(SCRIPT_SH_GEN)
+clean-perl-script:
+	$(RM) $(SCRIPT_PERL_GEN)
+clean-python-script:
+	$(RM) $(SCRIPT_PYTHON_GEN)
+
+SCRIPTS = $(SCRIPT_SH_GEN) \
+	  $(SCRIPT_PERL_GEN) \
+	  $(SCRIPT_PYTHON_GEN) \
 	  git-instaweb
 
 ETAGS_TARGET = TAGS
@@ -473,6 +545,7 @@
 PROGRAM_OBJS += shell.o
 PROGRAM_OBJS += show-index.o
 PROGRAM_OBJS += upload-pack.o
+PROGRAM_OBJS += remote-testsvn.o
 
 # Binary suffix, set to .exe for Windows builds
 X =
@@ -480,7 +553,6 @@
 PROGRAMS += $(patsubst %.o,git-%$X,$(PROGRAM_OBJS))
 
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-chmtime
-TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-credential
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-ctype
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-date
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-delta
@@ -493,13 +565,16 @@
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-mktemp
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-parse-options
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-path-utils
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-regex
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-revision-walking
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-run-command
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-scrap-cache-tree
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-sha1
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-sigchain
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-string-list
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-subprocess
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-svn-fe
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-wildmatch
 
 TEST_PROGRAMS = $(patsubst %,%$X,$(TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X))
 
@@ -551,58 +626,35 @@
 export PERL_PATH
 export PYTHON_PATH
 
-LIB_FILE=libgit.a
-XDIFF_LIB=xdiff/lib.a
-VCSSVN_LIB=vcs-svn/lib.a
+LIB_FILE = libgit.a
+XDIFF_LIB = xdiff/lib.a
+VCSSVN_LIB = vcs-svn/lib.a
 
-XDIFF_H += xdiff/xinclude.h
-XDIFF_H += xdiff/xmacros.h
-XDIFF_H += xdiff/xdiff.h
-XDIFF_H += xdiff/xtypes.h
-XDIFF_H += xdiff/xutils.h
-XDIFF_H += xdiff/xprepare.h
-XDIFF_H += xdiff/xdiffi.h
-XDIFF_H += xdiff/xemit.h
-
-VCSSVN_H += vcs-svn/line_buffer.h
-VCSSVN_H += vcs-svn/sliding_window.h
-VCSSVN_H += vcs-svn/repo_tree.h
-VCSSVN_H += vcs-svn/fast_export.h
-VCSSVN_H += vcs-svn/svndiff.h
-VCSSVN_H += vcs-svn/svndump.h
-
-MISC_H += bisect.h
-MISC_H += branch.h
-MISC_H += bundle.h
-MISC_H += common-cmds.h
-MISC_H += fetch-pack.h
-MISC_H += reachable.h
-MISC_H += send-pack.h
-MISC_H += shortlog.h
-MISC_H += tar.h
-MISC_H += thread-utils.h
-MISC_H += url.h
-MISC_H += walker.h
-MISC_H += wt-status.h
+GENERATED_H += common-cmds.h
 
 LIB_H += advice.h
 LIB_H += archive.h
 LIB_H += argv-array.h
 LIB_H += attr.h
+LIB_H += bisect.h
 LIB_H += blob.h
+LIB_H += branch.h
 LIB_H += builtin.h
 LIB_H += bulk-checkin.h
-LIB_H += cache.h
+LIB_H += bundle.h
 LIB_H += cache-tree.h
+LIB_H += cache.h
 LIB_H += color.h
+LIB_H += column.h
 LIB_H += commit.h
 LIB_H += compat/bswap.h
 LIB_H += compat/cygwin.h
 LIB_H += compat/mingw.h
 LIB_H += compat/obstack.h
+LIB_H += compat/poll/poll.h
+LIB_H += compat/precompose_utf8.h
 LIB_H += compat/terminal.h
 LIB_H += compat/win32/dirent.h
-LIB_H += compat/win32/poll.h
 LIB_H += compat/win32/pthread.h
 LIB_H += compat/win32/syslog.h
 LIB_H += connected.h
@@ -615,6 +667,7 @@
 LIB_H += diffcore.h
 LIB_H += dir.h
 LIB_H += exec_cmd.h
+LIB_H += fetch-pack.h
 LIB_H += fmt-merge-msg.h
 LIB_H += fsck.h
 LIB_H += gettext.h
@@ -624,28 +677,31 @@
 LIB_H += grep.h
 LIB_H += hash.h
 LIB_H += help.h
+LIB_H += http.h
 LIB_H += kwset.h
 LIB_H += levenshtein.h
 LIB_H += list-objects.h
 LIB_H += ll-merge.h
 LIB_H += log-tree.h
 LIB_H += mailmap.h
-LIB_H += merge-file.h
+LIB_H += merge-blobs.h
 LIB_H += merge-recursive.h
 LIB_H += mergesort.h
-LIB_H += notes.h
 LIB_H += notes-cache.h
 LIB_H += notes-merge.h
+LIB_H += notes.h
 LIB_H += object.h
-LIB_H += pack.h
 LIB_H += pack-refs.h
 LIB_H += pack-revindex.h
+LIB_H += pack.h
 LIB_H += parse-options.h
 LIB_H += patch-ids.h
+LIB_H += pathspec.h
 LIB_H += pkt-line.h
 LIB_H += progress.h
 LIB_H += prompt.h
 LIB_H += quote.h
+LIB_H += reachable.h
 LIB_H += reflog-walk.h
 LIB_H += refs.h
 LIB_H += remote.h
@@ -653,9 +709,11 @@
 LIB_H += resolve-undo.h
 LIB_H += revision.h
 LIB_H += run-command.h
+LIB_H += send-pack.h
 LIB_H += sequencer.h
 LIB_H += sha1-array.h
 LIB_H += sha1-lookup.h
+LIB_H += shortlog.h
 LIB_H += sideband.h
 LIB_H += sigchain.h
 LIB_H += strbuf.h
@@ -663,16 +721,34 @@
 LIB_H += string-list.h
 LIB_H += submodule.h
 LIB_H += tag.h
+LIB_H += tar.h
 LIB_H += thread-utils.h
 LIB_H += transport.h
-LIB_H += tree.h
 LIB_H += tree-walk.h
+LIB_H += tree.h
 LIB_H += unpack-trees.h
+LIB_H += url.h
 LIB_H += userdiff.h
 LIB_H += utf8.h
 LIB_H += varint.h
+LIB_H += vcs-svn/fast_export.h
+LIB_H += vcs-svn/line_buffer.h
+LIB_H += vcs-svn/repo_tree.h
+LIB_H += vcs-svn/sliding_window.h
+LIB_H += vcs-svn/svndiff.h
+LIB_H += vcs-svn/svndump.h
+LIB_H += walker.h
+LIB_H += wildmatch.h
+LIB_H += wt-status.h
 LIB_H += xdiff-interface.h
 LIB_H += xdiff/xdiff.h
+LIB_H += xdiff/xdiffi.h
+LIB_H += xdiff/xemit.h
+LIB_H += xdiff/xinclude.h
+LIB_H += xdiff/xmacros.h
+LIB_H += xdiff/xprepare.h
+LIB_H += xdiff/xtypes.h
+LIB_H += xdiff/xutils.h
 
 LIB_OBJS += abspath.o
 LIB_OBJS += advice.o
@@ -720,6 +796,7 @@
 LIB_OBJS += entry.o
 LIB_OBJS += environment.o
 LIB_OBJS += exec_cmd.o
+LIB_OBJS += fetch-pack.o
 LIB_OBJS += fsck.o
 LIB_OBJS += gettext.o
 LIB_OBJS += gpg-interface.o
@@ -737,7 +814,8 @@
 LIB_OBJS += log-tree.o
 LIB_OBJS += mailmap.o
 LIB_OBJS += match-trees.o
-LIB_OBJS += merge-file.o
+LIB_OBJS += merge.o
+LIB_OBJS += merge-blobs.o
 LIB_OBJS += merge-recursive.o
 LIB_OBJS += mergesort.o
 LIB_OBJS += name-hash.o
@@ -755,6 +833,7 @@
 LIB_OBJS += patch-delta.o
 LIB_OBJS += patch-ids.o
 LIB_OBJS += path.o
+LIB_OBJS += pathspec.o
 LIB_OBJS += pkt-line.o
 LIB_OBJS += preload-index.o
 LIB_OBJS += pretty.o
@@ -771,6 +850,7 @@
 LIB_OBJS += resolve-undo.o
 LIB_OBJS += revision.o
 LIB_OBJS += run-command.o
+LIB_OBJS += send-pack.o
 LIB_OBJS += sequencer.o
 LIB_OBJS += server-info.o
 LIB_OBJS += setup.o
@@ -799,7 +879,9 @@
 LIB_OBJS += userdiff.o
 LIB_OBJS += utf8.o
 LIB_OBJS += varint.o
+LIB_OBJS += version.o
 LIB_OBJS += walker.o
+LIB_OBJS += wildmatch.o
 LIB_OBJS += wrapper.o
 LIB_OBJS += write_or_die.o
 LIB_OBJS += ws.o
@@ -817,6 +899,7 @@
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/bundle.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/cat-file.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/check-attr.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/check-ignore.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/check-ref-format.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/checkout-index.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/checkout.o
@@ -827,6 +910,7 @@
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/commit.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/config.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/count-objects.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/credential.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/describe.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/diff-files.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/diff-index.o
@@ -904,453 +988,9 @@
 GITLIBS = $(LIB_FILE) $(XDIFF_LIB)
 EXTLIBS =
 
-#
-# Platform specific tweaks
-#
+GIT_USER_AGENT = git/$(GIT_VERSION)
 
-# We choose to avoid "if .. else if .. else .. endif endif"
-# because maintaining the nesting to match is a pain.  If
-# we had "elif" things would have been much nicer...
-
-ifeq ($(uname_M),x86_64)
-	XDL_FAST_HASH = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),OSF1)
-	# Need this for u_short definitions et al
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -D_OSF_SOURCE
-	SOCKLEN_T = int
-	NO_STRTOULL = YesPlease
-	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),Linux)
-	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
-	LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL = YesPlease
-	HAVE_DEV_TTY = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),GNU/kFreeBSD)
-	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
-	DIR_HAS_BSD_GROUP_SEMANTICS = YesPlease
-	LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),UnixWare)
-	CC = cc
-	NEEDS_SOCKET = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_NSL = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
-	SHELL_PATH = /usr/local/bin/bash
-	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
-	NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -Kthread
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include
-	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/local/lib
-	INSTALL = ginstall
-	TAR = gtar
-	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),SCO_SV)
-	ifeq ($(uname_R),3.2)
-		CFLAGS = -O2
-	endif
-	ifeq ($(uname_R),5)
-		CC = cc
-		BASIC_CFLAGS += -Kthread
-	endif
-	NEEDS_SOCKET = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_NSL = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
-	SHELL_PATH = /usr/bin/bash
-	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
-	NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include
-	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/local/lib
-	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	INSTALL = ginstall
-	TAR = gtar
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),Darwin)
-	NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
-	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '[15678]\.'),2)
-		OLD_ICONV = UnfortunatelyYes
-	endif
-	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '[15]\.'),2)
-		NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
-	endif
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	USE_ST_TIMESPEC = YesPlease
-	HAVE_DEV_TTY = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),SunOS)
-	NEEDS_SOCKET = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_NSL = YesPlease
-	SHELL_PATH = /bin/bash
-	SANE_TOOL_PATH = /usr/xpg6/bin:/usr/xpg4/bin
-	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
-	NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
-	NO_MSGFMT_EXTENDED_OPTIONS = YesPlease
-	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.6)
-		SOCKLEN_T = int
-		NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
-		NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
-		NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE = YesPlease
-		NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
-		NO_SETENV = YesPlease
-		NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
-		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
-		GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
-	endif
-	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.7)
-		NEEDS_RESOLV = YesPlease
-		NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
-		NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE = YesPlease
-		NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
-		NO_SETENV = YesPlease
-		NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
-		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
-		GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
-	endif
-	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.8)
-		NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
-		NO_SETENV = YesPlease
-		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
-		GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
-	endif
-	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.9)
-		NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
-		NO_SETENV = YesPlease
-		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
-		GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
-	endif
-	INSTALL = /usr/ucb/install
-	TAR = gtar
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -D__EXTENSIONS__ -D__sun__ -DHAVE_ALLOCA_H
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_O),Cygwin)
-	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '1\.[1-6]\.'),4)
-		NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT = YesPlease
-		NO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT = YesPlease
-		NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
-		NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-		NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-		NO_SYMLINK_HEAD = YesPlease
-		NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
-		OLD_ICONV = UnfortunatelyYes
-	endif
-	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
-	NO_FAST_WORKING_DIRECTORY = UnfortunatelyYes
-	NO_TRUSTABLE_FILEMODE = UnfortunatelyYes
-	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
-	# There are conflicting reports about this.
-	# On some boxes NO_MMAP is needed, and not so elsewhere.
-	# Try commenting this out if you suspect MMAP is more efficient
-	NO_MMAP = YesPlease
-	X = .exe
-	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/cygwin.o
-	UNRELIABLE_FSTAT = UnfortunatelyYes
-	SPARSE_FLAGS = -isystem /usr/include/w32api -Wno-one-bit-signed-bitfield
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),FreeBSD)
-	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
-	OLD_ICONV = YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include
-	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/local/lib
-	DIR_HAS_BSD_GROUP_SEMANTICS = YesPlease
-	USE_ST_TIMESPEC = YesPlease
-	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '4\.'),2)
-		PTHREAD_LIBS = -pthread
-		NO_UINTMAX_T = YesPlease
-		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
-	endif
-	PYTHON_PATH = /usr/local/bin/python
-	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),OpenBSD)
-	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	USE_ST_TIMESPEC = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include
-	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/local/lib
-	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),NetBSD)
-	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '[01]\.'),2)
-		NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
-	endif
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/pkg/include
-	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/pkg/lib $(CC_LD_DYNPATH)/usr/pkg/lib
-	USE_ST_TIMESPEC = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),AIX)
-	DEFAULT_PAGER = more
-	NO_STRCASESTR=YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
-	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
-	FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES = UnfortunatelyYes
-	INTERNAL_QSORT = UnfortunatelyYes
-	NEEDS_LIBICONV=YesPlease
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -D_LARGE_FILES
-	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_V)" : '[1234]'),1)
-		NO_PTHREADS = YesPlease
-	else
-		PTHREAD_LIBS = -lpthread
-	endif
-	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_V).$(uname_R)" : '5\.1'),3)
-		INLINE=''
-	endif
-	GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),GNU)
-	# GNU/Hurd
-	NO_STRLCPY=YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
-	LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),IRIX)
-	NO_SETENV = YesPlease
-	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
-	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
-	# When compiled with the MIPSpro 7.4.4m compiler, and without pthreads
-	# (i.e. NO_PTHREADS is set), and _with_ MMAP (i.e. NO_MMAP is not set),
-	# git dies with a segmentation fault when trying to access the first
-	# entry of a reflog.  The conservative choice is made to always set
-	# NO_MMAP.  If you suspect that your compiler is not affected by this
-	# issue, comment out the NO_MMAP statement.
-	NO_MMAP = YesPlease
-	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
-	NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
-	SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS = YesPlease
-	SHELL_PATH = /usr/gnu/bin/bash
-	NEEDS_LIBGEN = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),IRIX64)
-	NO_SETENV=YesPlease
-	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
-	NO_STRCASESTR=YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
-	# When compiled with the MIPSpro 7.4.4m compiler, and without pthreads
-	# (i.e. NO_PTHREADS is set), and _with_ MMAP (i.e. NO_MMAP is not set),
-	# git dies with a segmentation fault when trying to access the first
-	# entry of a reflog.  The conservative choice is made to always set
-	# NO_MMAP.  If you suspect that your compiler is not affected by this
-	# issue, comment out the NO_MMAP statement.
-	NO_MMAP = YesPlease
-	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
-	NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
-	SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS = YesPlease
-	SHELL_PATH=/usr/gnu/bin/bash
-	NEEDS_LIBGEN = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),HP-UX)
-	INLINE = __inline
-	NO_IPV6=YesPlease
-	NO_SETENV=YesPlease
-	NO_STRCASESTR=YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
-	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
-	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
-	NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
-	NO_SYS_SELECT_H = YesPlease
-	NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
-	SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS = YesPlease
-	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
-	ifeq ($(uname_R),B.11.00)
-		NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
-		NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
-	endif
-	ifeq ($(uname_R),B.10.20)
-		# Override HP-UX 11.x setting:
-		INLINE =
-		SOCKLEN_T = size_t
-		NO_PREAD = YesPlease
-		NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
-		NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
-	endif
-	GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),Windows)
-	GIT_VERSION := $(GIT_VERSION).MSVC
-	pathsep = ;
-	NO_PREAD = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL = YesPlease
-	NO_LIBGEN_H = YesPlease
-	NO_SYS_POLL_H = YesPlease
-	NO_SYMLINK_HEAD = YesPlease
-	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
-	NO_UNIX_SOCKETS = YesPlease
-	NO_SETENV = YesPlease
-	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
-	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
-	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
-	NO_STRTOK_R = YesPlease
-	NO_FNMATCH = YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	# NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
-	NO_ICONV = YesPlease
-	NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
-	NO_STRTOULL = YesPlease
-	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS = YesPlease
-	NO_SVN_TESTS = YesPlease
-	NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER = YesPlease
-	RUNTIME_PREFIX = YesPlease
-	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
-	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
-	USE_WIN32_MMAP = YesPlease
-	# USE_NED_ALLOCATOR = YesPlease
-	UNRELIABLE_FSTAT = UnfortunatelyYes
-	OBJECT_CREATION_USES_RENAMES = UnfortunatelyNeedsTo
-	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
-	NO_CURL = YesPlease
-	NO_PYTHON = YesPlease
-	BLK_SHA1 = YesPlease
-	NO_POSIX_GOODIES = UnfortunatelyYes
-	NATIVE_CRLF = YesPlease
-
-	CC = compat/vcbuild/scripts/clink.pl
-	AR = compat/vcbuild/scripts/lib.pl
-	CFLAGS =
-	BASIC_CFLAGS = -nologo -I. -I../zlib -Icompat/vcbuild -Icompat/vcbuild/include -DWIN32 -D_CONSOLE -DHAVE_STRING_H -D_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS -D_CRT_NONSTDC_NO_DEPRECATE
-	COMPAT_OBJS = compat/msvc.o compat/winansi.o \
-		compat/win32/pthread.o compat/win32/syslog.o \
-		compat/win32/poll.o compat/win32/dirent.o
-	COMPAT_CFLAGS = -D__USE_MINGW_ACCESS -DNOGDI -DHAVE_STRING_H -DHAVE_ALLOCA_H -Icompat -Icompat/regex -Icompat/win32 -DSTRIP_EXTENSION=\".exe\"
-	BASIC_LDFLAGS = -IGNORE:4217 -IGNORE:4049 -NOLOGO -SUBSYSTEM:CONSOLE -NODEFAULTLIB:MSVCRT.lib
-	EXTLIBS = user32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib wininet.lib ws2_32.lib
-	PTHREAD_LIBS =
-	lib =
-ifndef DEBUG
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -GL -Os -MT
-	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -LTCG
-	AR += -LTCG
-else
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -Zi -MTd
-endif
-	X = .exe
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),Interix)
-	NO_INITGROUPS = YesPlease
-	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
-	NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
-	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	ifeq ($(uname_R),3.5)
-		NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
-		NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
-		NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE = YesPlease
-		NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
-	endif
-	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.2)
-		NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
-		NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
-		NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE = YesPlease
-		NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
-	endif
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),Minix)
-	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
-	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
-	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_LIBGEN =
-	NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_IDN_WITH_CURL = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CURL = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_RESOLV =
-	NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
-	NO_MMAP = YesPlease
-	NO_CURL =
-	NO_EXPAT =
-endif
-ifneq (,$(findstring MINGW,$(uname_S)))
-	pathsep = ;
-	NO_PREAD = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL = YesPlease
-	NO_LIBGEN_H = YesPlease
-	NO_SYS_POLL_H = YesPlease
-	NO_SYMLINK_HEAD = YesPlease
-	NO_UNIX_SOCKETS = YesPlease
-	NO_SETENV = YesPlease
-	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
-	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
-	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
-	NO_STRTOK_R = YesPlease
-	NO_FNMATCH = YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
-	OLD_ICONV = YesPlease
-	NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
-	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	NO_SVN_TESTS = YesPlease
-	NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER = YesPlease
-	RUNTIME_PREFIX = YesPlease
-	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
-	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
-	USE_WIN32_MMAP = YesPlease
-	USE_NED_ALLOCATOR = YesPlease
-	UNRELIABLE_FSTAT = UnfortunatelyYes
-	OBJECT_CREATION_USES_RENAMES = UnfortunatelyNeedsTo
-	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
-	NO_PYTHON = YesPlease
-	BLK_SHA1 = YesPlease
-	ETAGS_TARGET = ETAGS
-	NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
-	NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
-	NO_POSIX_GOODIES = UnfortunatelyYes
-	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -D__USE_MINGW_ACCESS -DNOGDI -Icompat -Icompat/win32
-	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DSTRIP_EXTENSION=\".exe\"
-	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/mingw.o compat/winansi.o \
-		compat/win32/pthread.o compat/win32/syslog.o \
-		compat/win32/poll.o compat/win32/dirent.o
-	EXTLIBS += -lws2_32
-	PTHREAD_LIBS =
-	X = .exe
-	SPARSE_FLAGS = -Wno-one-bit-signed-bitfield
-ifneq (,$(wildcard ../THIS_IS_MSYSGIT))
-	htmldir=doc/git/html/
-	prefix =
-	INSTALL = /bin/install
-	EXTLIBS += /mingw/lib/libz.a
-	NO_R_TO_GCC_LINKER = YesPlease
-	INTERNAL_QSORT = YesPlease
-	HAVE_LIBCHARSET_H = YesPlease
-else
-	NO_CURL = YesPlease
-endif
-endif
-
+include config.mak.uname
 -include config.mak.autogen
 -include config.mak
 
@@ -1373,7 +1013,8 @@
 
 ifeq ($(COMPUTE_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES),auto)
 dep_check = $(shell $(CC) $(ALL_CFLAGS) \
-	-c -MF /dev/null -MMD -MP -x c /dev/null -o /dev/null 2>&1; \
+	-c -MF /dev/null -MQ /dev/null -MMD -MP \
+	-x c /dev/null -o /dev/null 2>&1; \
 	echo $$?)
 ifeq ($(dep_check),0)
 override COMPUTE_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES = yes
@@ -1420,6 +1061,11 @@
 			BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/opt/local/lib
 		endif
 	endif
+	ifndef NO_APPLE_COMMON_CRYPTO
+		APPLE_COMMON_CRYPTO = YesPlease
+		COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DAPPLE_COMMON_CRYPTO
+	endif
+	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
 	PTHREAD_LIBS =
 endif
 
@@ -1461,7 +1107,7 @@
 		CURL_LIBCURL = -lcurl
 	endif
 	ifdef NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CURL
-		CURL_LIBCURL +=	-lssl
+		CURL_LIBCURL += -lssl
 		ifdef NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL
 			CURL_LIBCURL += -lcrypto
 		endif
@@ -1475,7 +1121,7 @@
 	REMOTE_CURL_NAMES = $(REMOTE_CURL_PRIMARY) $(REMOTE_CURL_ALIASES)
 	PROGRAM_OBJS += http-fetch.o
 	PROGRAMS += $(REMOTE_CURL_NAMES)
-	curl_check := $(shell (echo 070908; curl-config --vernum) | sort -r | sed -ne 2p)
+	curl_check := $(shell (echo 070908; curl-config --vernum) 2>/dev/null | sort -r | sed -ne 2p)
 	ifeq "$(curl_check)" "070908"
 		ifndef NO_EXPAT
 			PROGRAM_OBJS += http-push.o
@@ -1488,6 +1134,9 @@
 		else
 			EXPAT_LIBEXPAT = -lexpat
 		endif
+		ifdef EXPAT_NEEDS_XMLPARSE_H
+			BASIC_CFLAGS += -DEXPAT_NEEDS_XMLPARSE_H
+		endif
 	endif
 endif
 
@@ -1529,6 +1178,9 @@
 	else
 		ICONV_LINK =
 	endif
+	ifdef NEEDS_LIBINTL_BEFORE_LIBICONV
+		ICONV_LINK += -lintl
+	endif
 	EXTLIBS += $(ICONV_LINK) -liconv
 endif
 ifdef NEEDS_LIBGEN
@@ -1554,6 +1206,9 @@
 ifdef NO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT
 	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT
 endif
+ifdef NO_GECOS_IN_PWENT
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_GECOS_IN_PWENT
+endif
 ifdef NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT
 	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT
 endif
@@ -1587,6 +1242,11 @@
 	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_GETTEXT
 	USE_GETTEXT_SCHEME ?= fallthrough
 endif
+ifdef NO_POLL
+	NO_SYS_POLL_H = YesPlease
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_POLL -Icompat/poll
+	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/poll/poll.o
+endif
 ifdef NO_STRCASESTR
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_STRCASESTR
 	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/strcasestr.o
@@ -1602,10 +1262,6 @@
 ifdef NO_STRTOULL
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_STRTOULL
 endif
-ifdef NO_STRTOK_R
-	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_STRTOK_R
-	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/strtok_r.o
-endif
 ifdef NO_FNMATCH
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -Icompat/fnmatch
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_FNMATCH
@@ -1617,6 +1273,9 @@
 	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/fnmatch/fnmatch.o
 endif
 endif
+ifdef USE_WILDMATCH
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DUSE_WILDMATCH
+endif
 ifdef NO_SETENV
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_SETENV
 	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/setenv.o
@@ -1625,6 +1284,10 @@
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_MKDTEMP
 	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/mkdtemp.o
 endif
+ifdef MKDIR_WO_TRAILING_SLASH
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DMKDIR_WO_TRAILING_SLASH
+	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/mkdir.o
+endif
 ifdef NO_MKSTEMPS
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_MKSTEMPS
 endif
@@ -1638,6 +1301,9 @@
 ifdef NO_SYS_POLL_H
 	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_SYS_POLL_H
 endif
+ifdef NEEDS_SYS_PARAM_H
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNEEDS_SYS_PARAM_H
+endif
 ifdef NO_INTTYPES_H
 	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_INTTYPES_H
 endif
@@ -1656,9 +1322,20 @@
 ifdef OBJECT_CREATION_USES_RENAMES
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DOBJECT_CREATION_MODE=1
 endif
+ifdef NO_STRUCT_ITIMERVAL
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_STRUCT_ITIMERVAL
+	NO_SETITIMER = YesPlease
+endif
+ifdef NO_SETITIMER
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_SETITIMER
+endif
 ifdef NO_PREAD
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_PREAD
 	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/pread.o
+	NO_THREAD_SAFE_PREAD = YesPlease
+endif
+ifdef NO_THREAD_SAFE_PREAD
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_THREAD_SAFE_PREAD
 endif
 ifdef NO_FAST_WORKING_DIRECTORY
 	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_FAST_WORKING_DIRECTORY
@@ -1669,6 +1346,9 @@
 ifdef NO_IPV6
 	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_IPV6
 endif
+ifdef NO_INTPTR_T
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_INTPTR_T
+endif
 ifdef NO_UINTMAX_T
 	BASIC_CFLAGS += -Duintmax_t=uint32_t
 endif
@@ -1720,10 +1400,16 @@
 	LIB_OBJS += ppc/sha1.o ppc/sha1ppc.o
 	LIB_H += ppc/sha1.h
 else
+ifdef APPLE_COMMON_CRYPTO
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DCOMMON_DIGEST_FOR_OPENSSL
+	SHA1_HEADER = <CommonCrypto/CommonDigest.h>
+else
 	SHA1_HEADER = <openssl/sha.h>
 	EXTLIBS += $(LIB_4_CRYPTO)
 endif
 endif
+endif
+
 ifdef NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER
 	export NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER
 endif
@@ -1735,6 +1421,9 @@
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_MEMMEM
 	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/memmem.o
 endif
+ifdef NO_GETPAGESIZE
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_GETPAGESIZE
+endif
 ifdef INTERNAL_QSORT
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DINTERNAL_QSORT
 	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/qsort.o
@@ -1760,6 +1449,10 @@
 	EXTLIBS += $(CHARSET_LIB)
 endif
 
+ifdef HAVE_STRINGS_H
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DHAVE_STRINGS_H
+endif
+
 ifdef HAVE_DEV_TTY
 	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DHAVE_DEV_TTY
 endif
@@ -1774,6 +1467,9 @@
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -Icompat/regex
 	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/regex/regex.o
 endif
+ifdef CYGWIN_V15_WIN32API
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DCYGWIN_V15_WIN32API
+endif
 
 ifdef USE_NED_ALLOCATOR
        COMPAT_CFLAGS += -Icompat/nedmalloc
@@ -1788,20 +1484,25 @@
 	MSGFMT += --check --statistics
 endif
 
+ifdef NEEDS_CLIPPED_WRITE
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNEEDS_CLIPPED_WRITE
+	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/clipped-write.o
+endif
+
 ifneq (,$(XDL_FAST_HASH))
 	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DXDL_FAST_HASH
 endif
 
 ifeq ($(TCLTK_PATH),)
-NO_TCLTK=NoThanks
+NO_TCLTK = NoThanks
 endif
 
 ifeq ($(PERL_PATH),)
-NO_PERL=NoThanks
+NO_PERL = NoThanks
 endif
 
 ifeq ($(PYTHON_PATH),)
-NO_PYTHON=NoThanks
+NO_PYTHON = NoThanks
 endif
 
 QUIET_SUBDIR0  = +$(MAKE) -C # space to separate -C and subdir
@@ -1834,10 +1535,6 @@
 endif
 endif
 
-ifdef ASCIIDOC7
-	export ASCIIDOC7
-endif
-
 ifdef NO_INSTALL_HARDLINKS
 	export NO_INSTALL_HARDLINKS
 endif
@@ -1852,13 +1549,13 @@
 ifeq ("$(PROFILE)","GEN")
 	CFLAGS += -fprofile-generate=$(PROFILE_DIR) -DNO_NORETURN=1
 	EXTLIBS += -lgcov
-	export CCACHE_DISABLE=t
-	V=1
+	export CCACHE_DISABLE = t
+	V = 1
 else
 ifneq ("$(PROFILE)","")
 	CFLAGS += -fprofile-use=$(PROFILE_DIR) -fprofile-correction -DNO_NORETURN=1
-	export CCACHE_DISABLE=t
-	V=1
+	export CCACHE_DISABLE = t
+	V = 1
 endif
 endif
 
@@ -1871,12 +1568,12 @@
 DESTDIR_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(DESTDIR))
 bindir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(bindir))
 bindir_relative_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(bindir_relative))
-mandir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(mandir))
-infodir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(infodir))
+mandir_relative_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(mandir_relative))
+infodir_relative_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(infodir_relative))
 localedir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(localedir))
 gitexecdir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(gitexecdir))
 template_dir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(template_dir))
-htmldir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(htmldir))
+htmldir_relative_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(htmldir_relative))
 prefix_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(prefix))
 gitwebdir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(gitwebdir))
 
@@ -1915,6 +1612,18 @@
 BASIC_CFLAGS += -DSHELL_PATH='$(SHELL_PATH_CQ_SQ)'
 endif
 
+GIT_USER_AGENT_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(GIT_USER_AGENT))
+GIT_USER_AGENT_CQ = "$(subst ",\",$(subst \,\\,$(GIT_USER_AGENT)))"
+GIT_USER_AGENT_CQ_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(GIT_USER_AGENT_CQ))
+GIT-USER-AGENT: FORCE
+	@if test x'$(GIT_USER_AGENT_SQ)' != x"`cat GIT-USER-AGENT 2>/dev/null`"; then \
+		echo '$(GIT_USER_AGENT_SQ)' >GIT-USER-AGENT; \
+	fi
+
+ifdef DEFAULT_HELP_FORMAT
+BASIC_CFLAGS += -DDEFAULT_HELP_FORMAT='"$(DEFAULT_HELP_FORMAT)"'
+endif
+
 ALL_CFLAGS += $(BASIC_CFLAGS)
 ALL_LDFLAGS += $(BASIC_LDFLAGS)
 
@@ -1961,23 +1670,61 @@
 strip: $(PROGRAMS) git$X
 	$(STRIP) $(STRIP_OPTS) $(PROGRAMS) git$X
 
-git.o: common-cmds.h
-git.sp git.s git.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = -DGIT_VERSION='"$(GIT_VERSION)"' \
-	'-DGIT_HTML_PATH="$(htmldir_SQ)"' \
-	'-DGIT_MAN_PATH="$(mandir_SQ)"' \
-	'-DGIT_INFO_PATH="$(infodir_SQ)"'
+### Target-specific flags and dependencies
+
+# The generic compilation pattern rule and automatically
+# computed header dependencies (falling back to a dependency on
+# LIB_H) are enough to describe how most targets should be built,
+# but some targets are special enough to need something a little
+# different.
+#
+# - When a source file "foo.c" #includes a generated header file,
+#   we need to list that dependency for the "foo.o" target.
+#
+#   We also list it from other targets that are built from foo.c
+#   like "foo.sp" and "foo.s", even though that is easy to forget
+#   to do because the generated header is already present around
+#   after a regular build attempt.
+#
+# - Some code depends on configuration kept in makefile
+#   variables. The target-specific variable EXTRA_CPPFLAGS can
+#   be used to convey that information to the C preprocessor
+#   using -D options.
+#
+#   The "foo.o" target should have a corresponding dependency on
+#   a file that changes when the value of the makefile variable
+#   changes.  For example, targets making use of the
+#   $(GIT_VERSION) variable depend on GIT-VERSION-FILE.
+#
+#   Technically the ".sp" and ".s" targets do not need this
+#   dependency because they are force-built, but they get the
+#   same dependency for consistency. This way, you do not have to
+#   know how each target is implemented. And it means the
+#   dependencies here will not need to change if the force-build
+#   details change some day.
+
+git.sp git.s git.o: GIT-PREFIX
+git.sp git.s git.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = \
+	'-DGIT_HTML_PATH="$(htmldir_relative_SQ)"' \
+	'-DGIT_MAN_PATH="$(mandir_relative_SQ)"' \
+	'-DGIT_INFO_PATH="$(infodir_relative_SQ)"'
 
 git$X: git.o GIT-LDFLAGS $(BUILTIN_OBJS) $(GITLIBS)
 	$(QUIET_LINK)$(CC) $(ALL_CFLAGS) -o $@ git.o \
 		$(BUILTIN_OBJS) $(ALL_LDFLAGS) $(LIBS)
 
-help.sp help.o: common-cmds.h
+help.sp help.s help.o: common-cmds.h
 
-builtin/help.sp builtin/help.o: common-cmds.h
+builtin/help.sp builtin/help.s builtin/help.o: common-cmds.h GIT-PREFIX
 builtin/help.sp builtin/help.s builtin/help.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = \
-	'-DGIT_HTML_PATH="$(htmldir_SQ)"' \
-	'-DGIT_MAN_PATH="$(mandir_SQ)"' \
-	'-DGIT_INFO_PATH="$(infodir_SQ)"'
+	'-DGIT_HTML_PATH="$(htmldir_relative_SQ)"' \
+	'-DGIT_MAN_PATH="$(mandir_relative_SQ)"' \
+	'-DGIT_INFO_PATH="$(infodir_relative_SQ)"'
+
+version.sp version.s version.o: GIT-VERSION-FILE GIT-USER-AGENT
+version.sp version.s version.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = \
+	'-DGIT_VERSION="$(GIT_VERSION)"' \
+	'-DGIT_USER_AGENT=$(GIT_USER_AGENT_CQ_SQ)'
 
 $(BUILT_INS): git$X
 	$(QUIET_BUILT_IN)$(RM) $@ && \
@@ -1990,35 +1737,54 @@
 common-cmds.h: $(wildcard Documentation/git-*.txt)
 	$(QUIET_GEN)./generate-cmdlist.sh > $@+ && mv $@+ $@
 
+SCRIPT_DEFINES = $(SHELL_PATH_SQ):$(DIFF_SQ):$(GIT_VERSION):\
+	$(localedir_SQ):$(NO_CURL):$(USE_GETTEXT_SCHEME):$(SANE_TOOL_PATH_SQ):\
+	$(gitwebdir_SQ):$(PERL_PATH_SQ)
 define cmd_munge_script
 $(RM) $@ $@+ && \
 sed -e '1s|#!.*/sh|#!$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)|' \
     -e 's|@SHELL_PATH@|$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)|' \
     -e 's|@@DIFF@@|$(DIFF_SQ)|' \
-    -e 's/@@GIT_VERSION@@/$(GIT_VERSION)/g' \
     -e 's|@@LOCALEDIR@@|$(localedir_SQ)|g' \
     -e 's/@@NO_CURL@@/$(NO_CURL)/g' \
     -e 's/@@USE_GETTEXT_SCHEME@@/$(USE_GETTEXT_SCHEME)/g' \
     -e $(BROKEN_PATH_FIX) \
+    -e 's|@@GITWEBDIR@@|$(gitwebdir_SQ)|g' \
+    -e 's|@@PERL@@|$(PERL_PATH_SQ)|g' \
     $@.sh >$@+
 endef
 
-$(patsubst %.sh,%,$(SCRIPT_SH)) : % : %.sh
+GIT-SCRIPT-DEFINES: FORCE
+	@FLAGS='$(SCRIPT_DEFINES)'; \
+	    if test x"$$FLAGS" != x"`cat $@ 2>/dev/null`" ; then \
+		echo >&2 "    * new script parameters"; \
+		echo "$$FLAGS" >$@; \
+            fi
+
+
+$(patsubst %.sh,%,$(SCRIPT_SH)) : % : %.sh GIT-SCRIPT-DEFINES
 	$(QUIET_GEN)$(cmd_munge_script) && \
 	chmod +x $@+ && \
 	mv $@+ $@
 
-$(SCRIPT_LIB) : % : %.sh
+$(SCRIPT_LIB) : % : %.sh GIT-SCRIPT-DEFINES
 	$(QUIET_GEN)$(cmd_munge_script) && \
 	mv $@+ $@
 
 ifndef NO_PERL
 $(patsubst %.perl,%,$(SCRIPT_PERL)): perl/perl.mak
 
-perl/perl.mak: GIT-CFLAGS perl/Makefile perl/Makefile.PL
+perl/perl.mak: perl/PM.stamp
+
+perl/PM.stamp: FORCE
+	$(QUIET_GEN)$(FIND) perl -type f -name '*.pm' | sort >$@+ && \
+	{ cmp $@+ $@ >/dev/null 2>/dev/null || mv $@+ $@; } && \
+	$(RM) $@+
+
+perl/perl.mak: GIT-CFLAGS GIT-PREFIX perl/Makefile perl/Makefile.PL
 	$(QUIET_SUBDIR0)perl $(QUIET_SUBDIR1) PERL_PATH='$(PERL_PATH_SQ)' prefix='$(prefix_SQ)' $(@F)
 
-$(patsubst %.perl,%,$(SCRIPT_PERL)): % : %.perl
+$(patsubst %.perl,%,$(SCRIPT_PERL)): % : %.perl GIT-VERSION-FILE
 	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@ $@+ && \
 	INSTLIBDIR=`MAKEFLAGS= $(MAKE) -C perl -s --no-print-directory instlibdir` && \
 	sed -e '1{' \
@@ -2038,14 +1804,8 @@
 gitweb:
 	$(QUIET_SUBDIR0)gitweb $(QUIET_SUBDIR1) all
 
-git-instaweb: git-instaweb.sh gitweb
-	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@ $@+ && \
-	sed -e '1s|#!.*/sh|#!$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)|' \
-	    -e 's/@@GIT_VERSION@@/$(GIT_VERSION)/g' \
-	    -e 's/@@NO_CURL@@/$(NO_CURL)/g' \
-	    -e 's|@@GITWEBDIR@@|$(gitwebdir_SQ)|g' \
-	    -e 's|@@PERL@@|$(PERL_PATH_SQ)|g' \
-	    $@.sh > $@+ && \
+git-instaweb: git-instaweb.sh gitweb GIT-SCRIPT-DEFINES
+	$(QUIET_GEN)$(cmd_munge_script) && \
 	chmod +x $@+ && \
 	mv $@+ $@
 else # NO_PERL
@@ -2059,7 +1819,7 @@
 endif # NO_PERL
 
 ifndef NO_PYTHON
-$(patsubst %.py,%,$(SCRIPT_PYTHON)): GIT-CFLAGS
+$(patsubst %.py,%,$(SCRIPT_PYTHON)): GIT-CFLAGS GIT-PREFIX GIT-PYTHON-VARS
 $(patsubst %.py,%,$(SCRIPT_PYTHON)): % : %.py
 	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@ $@+ && \
 	INSTLIBDIR=`MAKEFLAGS= $(MAKE) -C git_remote_helpers -s \
@@ -2081,24 +1841,31 @@
 	mv $@+ $@
 endif # NO_PYTHON
 
-configure: configure.ac
-	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@ $<+ && \
-	sed -e 's/@@GIT_VERSION@@/$(GIT_VERSION)/g' \
-	    $< > $<+ && \
-	autoconf -o $@ $<+ && \
-	$(RM) $<+
+CONFIGURE_RECIPE = $(RM) configure configure.ac+ && \
+		   sed -e 's/@@GIT_VERSION@@/$(GIT_VERSION)/g' \
+			configure.ac >configure.ac+ && \
+		   autoconf -o configure configure.ac+ && \
+		   $(RM) configure.ac+
 
-# These can record GIT_VERSION
-git.o git.spec http.o \
-	$(patsubst %.sh,%,$(SCRIPT_SH)) \
-	$(patsubst %.perl,%,$(SCRIPT_PERL)) \
-	: GIT-VERSION-FILE
+configure: configure.ac GIT-VERSION-FILE
+	$(QUIET_GEN)$(CONFIGURE_RECIPE)
 
-TEST_OBJS := $(patsubst test-%$X,test-%.o,$(TEST_PROGRAMS))
-GIT_OBJS := $(LIB_OBJS) $(BUILTIN_OBJS) $(PROGRAM_OBJS) $(TEST_OBJS) \
-	git.o
-ifndef NO_CURL
-	GIT_OBJS += http.o http-walker.o remote-curl.o
+ifdef AUTOCONFIGURED
+# We avoid depending on 'configure' here, because it gets rebuilt
+# every time GIT-VERSION-FILE is modified, only to update the embedded
+# version number string, which config.status does not care about.  We
+# do want to recheck when the platform/environment detection logic
+# changes, hence this depends on configure.ac.
+config.status: configure.ac
+	$(QUIET_GEN)$(CONFIGURE_RECIPE) && \
+	if test -f config.status; then \
+	  ./config.status --recheck; \
+	else \
+	  ./configure; \
+	fi
+reconfigure config.mak.autogen: config.status
+	$(QUIET_GEN)./config.status
+.PHONY: reconfigure # This is a convenience target.
 endif
 
 XDIFF_OBJS += xdiff/xdiffi.o
@@ -2116,9 +1883,14 @@
 VCSSVN_OBJS += vcs-svn/svndiff.o
 VCSSVN_OBJS += vcs-svn/svndump.o
 
-VCSSVN_TEST_OBJS += test-line-buffer.o
-
-OBJECTS := $(GIT_OBJS) $(XDIFF_OBJS) $(VCSSVN_OBJS)
+TEST_OBJS := $(patsubst test-%$X,test-%.o,$(TEST_PROGRAMS))
+OBJECTS := $(LIB_OBJS) $(BUILTIN_OBJS) $(PROGRAM_OBJS) $(TEST_OBJS) \
+	$(XDIFF_OBJS) \
+	$(VCSSVN_OBJS) \
+	git.o
+ifndef NO_CURL
+	OBJECTS += http.o http-walker.o remote-curl.o
+endif
 
 dep_files := $(foreach f,$(OBJECTS),$(dir $f).depend/$(notdir $f).d)
 dep_dirs := $(addsuffix .depend,$(sort $(dir $(OBJECTS))))
@@ -2129,7 +1901,7 @@
 
 missing_dep_dirs := $(filter-out $(wildcard $(dep_dirs)),$(dep_dirs))
 dep_file = $(dir $@).depend/$(notdir $@).d
-dep_args = -MF $(dep_file) -MMD -MP
+dep_args = -MF $(dep_file) -MQ $@ -MMD -MP
 ifdef CHECK_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES
 $(error cannot compute header dependencies outside a normal build. \
 Please unset CHECK_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES and try again)
@@ -2201,7 +1973,7 @@
 endif
 
 %.s: %.c GIT-CFLAGS FORCE
-	$(QUIET_CC)$(CC) -S $(ALL_CFLAGS) $(EXTRA_CPPFLAGS) $<
+	$(QUIET_CC)$(CC) -o $@ -S $(ALL_CFLAGS) $(EXTRA_CPPFLAGS) $<
 
 ifdef USE_COMPUTED_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES
 # Take advantage of gcc's on-the-fly dependency generation
@@ -2217,51 +1989,32 @@
 # Dependencies on automatically generated headers such as common-cmds.h
 # should _not_ be included here, since they are necessary even when
 # building an object for the first time.
-#
-# XXX. Please check occasionally that these include all dependencies
-# gcc detects!
 
-$(GIT_OBJS): $(LIB_H)
-builtin/branch.o builtin/checkout.o builtin/clone.o builtin/reset.o branch.o transport.o: branch.h
-builtin/bundle.o bundle.o transport.o: bundle.h
-builtin/bisect--helper.o builtin/rev-list.o bisect.o: bisect.h
-builtin/clone.o builtin/fetch-pack.o transport.o: fetch-pack.h
-builtin/index-pack.o builtin/grep.o builtin/pack-objects.o transport-helper.o thread-utils.o: thread-utils.h
-builtin/send-pack.o transport.o: send-pack.h
-builtin/log.o builtin/shortlog.o: shortlog.h
-builtin/prune.o builtin/reflog.o reachable.o: reachable.h
-builtin/commit.o builtin/revert.o wt-status.o: wt-status.h
-builtin/tar-tree.o archive-tar.o: tar.h
-connect.o transport.o url.o http-backend.o: url.h
-builtin/branch.o builtin/commit.o builtin/tag.o column.o help.o pager.o: column.h
-http-fetch.o http-walker.o remote-curl.o transport.o walker.o: walker.h
-http.o http-walker.o http-push.o http-fetch.o remote-curl.o: http.h url.h
-
-xdiff-interface.o $(XDIFF_OBJS): $(XDIFF_H)
-
-$(VCSSVN_OBJS) $(VCSSVN_TEST_OBJS): $(LIB_H) $(VCSSVN_H)
+$(OBJECTS): $(LIB_H)
 endif
 
+exec_cmd.sp exec_cmd.s exec_cmd.o: GIT-PREFIX
 exec_cmd.sp exec_cmd.s exec_cmd.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = \
 	'-DGIT_EXEC_PATH="$(gitexecdir_SQ)"' \
 	'-DBINDIR="$(bindir_relative_SQ)"' \
 	'-DPREFIX="$(prefix_SQ)"'
 
+builtin/init-db.sp builtin/init-db.s builtin/init-db.o: GIT-PREFIX
 builtin/init-db.sp builtin/init-db.s builtin/init-db.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = \
 	-DDEFAULT_GIT_TEMPLATE_DIR='"$(template_dir_SQ)"'
 
+config.sp config.s config.o: GIT-PREFIX
 config.sp config.s config.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = \
 	-DETC_GITCONFIG='"$(ETC_GITCONFIG_SQ)"'
 
+attr.sp attr.s attr.o: GIT-PREFIX
 attr.sp attr.s attr.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = \
 	-DETC_GITATTRIBUTES='"$(ETC_GITATTRIBUTES_SQ)"'
 
+gettext.sp gettext.s gettext.o: GIT-PREFIX
 gettext.sp gettext.s gettext.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = \
 	-DGIT_LOCALE_PATH='"$(localedir_SQ)"'
 
-http.sp http.s http.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = \
-	-DGIT_HTTP_USER_AGENT='"git/$(GIT_VERSION)"'
-
 ifdef NO_EXPAT
 http-walker.sp http-walker.s http-walker.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = -DNO_EXPAT
 endif
@@ -2290,6 +2043,10 @@
 	$(QUIET_LINK)$(CC) $(ALL_CFLAGS) -o $@ $(ALL_LDFLAGS) $(filter %.o,$^) \
 		$(LIBS) $(CURL_LIBCURL) $(EXPAT_LIBEXPAT)
 
+git-remote-testsvn$X: remote-testsvn.o GIT-LDFLAGS $(GITLIBS) $(VCSSVN_LIB)
+	$(QUIET_LINK)$(CC) $(ALL_CFLAGS) -o $@ $(ALL_LDFLAGS) $(filter %.o,$^) $(LIBS) \
+	$(VCSSVN_LIB)
+
 $(REMOTE_CURL_ALIASES): $(REMOTE_CURL_PRIMARY)
 	$(QUIET_LNCP)$(RM) $@ && \
 	ln $< $@ 2>/dev/null || \
@@ -2333,9 +2090,10 @@
 	--from-code=UTF-8
 XGETTEXT_FLAGS_C = $(XGETTEXT_FLAGS) --language=C \
 	--keyword=_ --keyword=N_ --keyword="Q_:1,2"
-XGETTEXT_FLAGS_SH = $(XGETTEXT_FLAGS) --language=Shell
+XGETTEXT_FLAGS_SH = $(XGETTEXT_FLAGS) --language=Shell \
+	--keyword=gettextln --keyword=eval_gettextln
 XGETTEXT_FLAGS_PERL = $(XGETTEXT_FLAGS) --keyword=__ --language=Perl
-LOCALIZED_C := $(C_OBJ:o=c) $(LIB_H) $(XDIFF_H) $(VCSSVN_H) $(MISC_H)
+LOCALIZED_C := $(C_OBJ:o=c) $(LIB_H) $(GENERATED_H)
 LOCALIZED_SH := $(SCRIPT_SH)
 LOCALIZED_PERL := $(SCRIPT_PERL)
 
@@ -2382,14 +2140,22 @@
 	$(FIND_SOURCE_FILES) | xargs cscope -b
 
 ### Detect prefix changes
-TRACK_CFLAGS = $(CC):$(subst ','\'',$(ALL_CFLAGS)):\
-             $(bindir_SQ):$(gitexecdir_SQ):$(template_dir_SQ):$(prefix_SQ):\
-             $(localedir_SQ):$(USE_GETTEXT_SCHEME)
+TRACK_PREFIX = $(bindir_SQ):$(gitexecdir_SQ):$(template_dir_SQ):$(prefix_SQ):\
+		$(localedir_SQ)
+
+GIT-PREFIX: FORCE
+	@FLAGS='$(TRACK_PREFIX)'; \
+	if test x"$$FLAGS" != x"`cat GIT-PREFIX 2>/dev/null`" ; then \
+		echo >&2 "    * new prefix flags"; \
+		echo "$$FLAGS" >GIT-PREFIX; \
+	fi
+
+TRACK_CFLAGS = $(CC):$(subst ','\'',$(ALL_CFLAGS)):$(USE_GETTEXT_SCHEME)
 
 GIT-CFLAGS: FORCE
 	@FLAGS='$(TRACK_CFLAGS)'; \
 	    if test x"$$FLAGS" != x"`cat GIT-CFLAGS 2>/dev/null`" ; then \
-		echo 1>&2 "    * new build flags or prefix"; \
+		echo >&2 "    * new build flags"; \
 		echo "$$FLAGS" >GIT-CFLAGS; \
             fi
 
@@ -2398,7 +2164,7 @@
 GIT-LDFLAGS: FORCE
 	@FLAGS='$(TRACK_LDFLAGS)'; \
 	    if test x"$$FLAGS" != x"`cat GIT-LDFLAGS 2>/dev/null`" ; then \
-		echo 1>&2 "    * new link flags"; \
+		echo >&2 "    * new link flags"; \
 		echo "$$FLAGS" >GIT-LDFLAGS; \
             fi
 
@@ -2440,14 +2206,14 @@
 	@echo GIT_PERF_MAKE_OPTS=\''$(subst ','\'',$(subst ','\'',$(GIT_PERF_MAKE_OPTS)))'\' >>$@
 endif
 
-### Detect Tck/Tk interpreter path changes
-ifndef NO_TCLTK
-TRACK_VARS = $(subst ','\'',-DTCLTK_PATH='$(TCLTK_PATH_SQ)')
+### Detect Python interpreter path changes
+ifndef NO_PYTHON
+TRACK_PYTHON = $(subst ','\'',-DPYTHON_PATH='$(PYTHON_PATH_SQ)')
 
-GIT-GUI-VARS: FORCE
-	@VARS='$(TRACK_VARS)'; \
+GIT-PYTHON-VARS: FORCE
+	@VARS='$(TRACK_PYTHON)'; \
 	    if test x"$$VARS" != x"`cat $@ 2>/dev/null`" ; then \
-		echo 1>&2 "    * new Tcl/Tk interpreter location"; \
+		echo >&2 "    * new Python interpreter location"; \
 		echo "$$VARS" >$@; \
             fi
 endif
@@ -2468,6 +2234,7 @@
 # with that.
 
 export NO_SVN_TESTS
+export TEST_NO_MALLOC_CHECK
 
 ### Testing rules
 
@@ -2518,9 +2285,6 @@
 		exit 1; \
 	fi
 
-remove-dashes:
-	./fixup-builtins $(BUILT_INS) $(PROGRAMS) $(SCRIPTS)
-
 ### Installation rules
 
 ifneq ($(filter /%,$(firstword $(template_dir))),)
@@ -2641,11 +2405,11 @@
 
 ### Maintainer's dist rules
 
-git.spec: git.spec.in
+git.spec: git.spec.in GIT-VERSION-FILE
 	sed -e 's/@@VERSION@@/$(GIT_VERSION)/g' < $< > $@+
 	mv $@+ $@
 
-GIT_TARNAME=git-$(GIT_VERSION)
+GIT_TARNAME = git-$(GIT_VERSION)
 dist: git.spec git-archive$(X) configure
 	./git-archive --format=tar \
 		--prefix=$(GIT_TARNAME)/ HEAD^{tree} > $(GIT_TARNAME).tar
@@ -2691,6 +2455,9 @@
 
 distclean: clean
 	$(RM) configure
+	$(RM) config.log config.status config.cache
+	$(RM) config.mak.autogen config.mak.append
+	$(RM) -r autom4te.cache
 
 profile-clean:
 	$(RM) $(addsuffix *.gcda,$(addprefix $(PROFILE_DIR)/, $(object_dirs)))
@@ -2701,12 +2468,9 @@
 		builtin/*.o $(LIB_FILE) $(XDIFF_LIB) $(VCSSVN_LIB)
 	$(RM) $(ALL_PROGRAMS) $(SCRIPT_LIB) $(BUILT_INS) git$X
 	$(RM) $(TEST_PROGRAMS)
-	$(RM) -r bin-wrappers
-	$(RM) -r $(dep_dirs)
+	$(RM) -r bin-wrappers $(dep_dirs)
 	$(RM) -r po/build/
 	$(RM) *.spec *.pyc *.pyo */*.pyc */*.pyo common-cmds.h $(ETAGS_TARGET) tags cscope*
-	$(RM) -r autom4te.cache
-	$(RM) config.log config.mak.autogen config.mak.append config.status config.cache
 	$(RM) -r $(GIT_TARNAME) .doc-tmp-dir
 	$(RM) $(GIT_TARNAME).tar.gz git-core_$(GIT_VERSION)-*.tar.gz
 	$(RM) $(htmldocs).tar.gz $(manpages).tar.gz
@@ -2724,7 +2488,8 @@
 	$(MAKE) -C gitk-git clean
 	$(MAKE) -C git-gui clean
 endif
-	$(RM) GIT-VERSION-FILE GIT-CFLAGS GIT-LDFLAGS GIT-GUI-VARS GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS
+	$(RM) GIT-VERSION-FILE GIT-CFLAGS GIT-LDFLAGS GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS
+	$(RM) GIT-USER-AGENT GIT-PREFIX GIT-SCRIPT-DEFINES GIT-PYTHON-VARS
 
 .PHONY: all install profile-clean clean strip
 .PHONY: shell_compatibility_test please_set_SHELL_PATH_to_a_more_modern_shell
@@ -2732,8 +2497,13 @@
 
 ### Check documentation
 #
+ALL_COMMANDS = $(ALL_PROGRAMS) $(SCRIPT_LIB) $(BUILT_INS)
+ALL_COMMANDS += git
+ALL_COMMANDS += gitk
+ALL_COMMANDS += gitweb
+ALL_COMMANDS += git-gui git-citool
 check-docs::
-	@(for v in $(ALL_PROGRAMS) $(SCRIPT_LIB) $(BUILT_INS) git gitk; \
+	@(for v in $(ALL_COMMANDS); \
 	do \
 		case "$$v" in \
 		git-merge-octopus | git-merge-ours | git-merge-recursive | \
@@ -2755,35 +2525,13 @@
 		sed -e '/^#/d' \
 		    -e 's/[ 	].*//' \
 		    -e 's/^/listed /' command-list.txt; \
-		ls -1 Documentation/git*txt | \
+		$(MAKE) -C Documentation print-man1 | \
+		grep '\.txt$$' | \
 		sed -e 's|Documentation/|documented |' \
 		    -e 's/\.txt//'; \
 	) | while read how cmd; \
 	do \
-		case "$$how,$$cmd" in \
-		*,git-citool | \
-		*,git-gui | \
-		*,git-help | \
-		documented,gitattributes | \
-		documented,gitignore | \
-		documented,gitmodules | \
-		documented,gitcli | \
-		documented,git-tools | \
-		documented,gitcore-tutorial | \
-		documented,gitcvs-migration | \
-		documented,gitdiffcore | \
-		documented,gitglossary | \
-		documented,githooks | \
-		documented,gitrepository-layout | \
-		documented,gitrevisions | \
-		documented,gittutorial | \
-		documented,gittutorial-2 | \
-		documented,git-bisect-lk2009 | \
-		documented,git-remote-helpers | \
-		documented,gitworkflows | \
-		sentinel,not,matching,is,ok ) continue ;; \
-		esac; \
-		case " $(ALL_PROGRAMS) $(SCRIPT_LIB) $(BUILT_INS) git gitk " in \
+		case " $(ALL_COMMANDS) " in \
 		*" $$cmd "*)	;; \
 		*) echo "removed but $$how: $$cmd" ;; \
 		esac; \
diff --git a/README b/README
index d2690ec..15a8e23 100644
--- a/README
+++ b/README
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
-	GIT - the stupid content tracker
+	Git - the stupid content tracker
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
@@ -19,9 +19,10 @@
 unusually rich command set that provides both high-level operations
 and full access to internals.
 
-Git is an Open Source project covered by the GNU General Public License.
-It was originally written by Linus Torvalds with help of a group of
-hackers around the net. It is currently maintained by Junio C Hamano.
+Git is an Open Source project covered by the GNU General Public
+License version 2 (some parts of it are under different licenses,
+compatible with the GPLv2). It was originally written by Linus
+Torvalds with help of a group of hackers around the net.
 
 Please read the file INSTALL for installation instructions.
 
@@ -46,11 +47,10 @@
 Documentation/SubmittingPatches for instructions on patch submission).
 To subscribe to the list, send an email with just "subscribe git" in
 the body to majordomo@vger.kernel.org. The mailing list archives are
-available at http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=git and other archival
-sites.
+available at http://news.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/,
+http://marc.info/?l=git and other archival sites.
 
-The messages titled "A note from the maintainer", "What's in
-git.git (stable)" and "What's cooking in git.git (topics)" and
-the discussion following them on the mailing list give a good
-reference for project status, development direction and
-remaining tasks.
+The maintainer frequently sends the "What's cooking" reports that
+list the current status of various development topics to the mailing
+list.  The discussion following them give a good reference for
+project status, development direction and remaining tasks.
diff --git a/RelNotes b/RelNotes
index bcb4fb9..a520121 120000
--- a/RelNotes
+++ b/RelNotes
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.txt
\ No newline at end of file
+Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.3.txt
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/abspath.c b/abspath.c
index f04ac18..40cdc46 100644
--- a/abspath.c
+++ b/abspath.c
@@ -15,16 +15,34 @@
 #define MAXDEPTH 5
 
 /*
- * Use this to get the real path, i.e. resolve links. If you want an
- * absolute path but don't mind links, use absolute_path.
+ * Return the real path (i.e., absolute path, with symlinks resolved
+ * and extra slashes removed) equivalent to the specified path.  (If
+ * you want an absolute path but don't mind links, use
+ * absolute_path().)  The return value is a pointer to a static
+ * buffer.
+ *
+ * The input and all intermediate paths must be shorter than MAX_PATH.
+ * The directory part of path (i.e., everything up to the last
+ * dir_sep) must denote a valid, existing directory, but the last
+ * component need not exist.  If die_on_error is set, then die with an
+ * informative error message if there is a problem.  Otherwise, return
+ * NULL on errors (without generating any output).
  *
  * If path is our buffer, then return path, as it's already what the
  * user wants.
  */
-const char *real_path(const char *path)
+static const char *real_path_internal(const char *path, int die_on_error)
 {
 	static char bufs[2][PATH_MAX + 1], *buf = bufs[0], *next_buf = bufs[1];
+	char *retval = NULL;
+
+	/*
+	 * If we have to temporarily chdir(), store the original CWD
+	 * here so that we can chdir() back to it at the end of the
+	 * function:
+	 */
 	char cwd[1024] = "";
+
 	int buf_index = 1;
 
 	int depth = MAXDEPTH;
@@ -35,15 +53,26 @@
 	if (path == buf || path == next_buf)
 		return path;
 
-	if (strlcpy(buf, path, PATH_MAX) >= PATH_MAX)
-		die ("Too long path: %.*s", 60, path);
+	if (!*path) {
+		if (die_on_error)
+			die("The empty string is not a valid path");
+		else
+			goto error_out;
+	}
+
+	if (strlcpy(buf, path, PATH_MAX) >= PATH_MAX) {
+		if (die_on_error)
+			die("Too long path: %.*s", 60, path);
+		else
+			goto error_out;
+	}
 
 	while (depth--) {
 		if (!is_directory(buf)) {
 			char *last_slash = find_last_dir_sep(buf);
 			if (last_slash) {
-				*last_slash = '\0';
 				last_elem = xstrdup(last_slash + 1);
+				last_slash[1] = '\0';
 			} else {
 				last_elem = xstrdup(buf);
 				*buf = '\0';
@@ -51,20 +80,36 @@
 		}
 
 		if (*buf) {
-			if (!*cwd && !getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd)))
-				die_errno ("Could not get current working directory");
+			if (!*cwd && !getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd))) {
+				if (die_on_error)
+					die_errno("Could not get current working directory");
+				else
+					goto error_out;
+			}
 
-			if (chdir(buf))
-				die_errno ("Could not switch to '%s'", buf);
+			if (chdir(buf)) {
+				if (die_on_error)
+					die_errno("Could not switch to '%s'", buf);
+				else
+					goto error_out;
+			}
 		}
-		if (!getcwd(buf, PATH_MAX))
-			die_errno ("Could not get current working directory");
+		if (!getcwd(buf, PATH_MAX)) {
+			if (die_on_error)
+				die_errno("Could not get current working directory");
+			else
+				goto error_out;
+		}
 
 		if (last_elem) {
 			size_t len = strlen(buf);
-			if (len + strlen(last_elem) + 2 > PATH_MAX)
-				die ("Too long path name: '%s/%s'",
-						buf, last_elem);
+			if (len + strlen(last_elem) + 2 > PATH_MAX) {
+				if (die_on_error)
+					die("Too long path name: '%s/%s'",
+					    buf, last_elem);
+				else
+					goto error_out;
+			}
 			if (len && !is_dir_sep(buf[len-1]))
 				buf[len++] = '/';
 			strcpy(buf + len, last_elem);
@@ -74,10 +119,18 @@
 
 		if (!lstat(buf, &st) && S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)) {
 			ssize_t len = readlink(buf, next_buf, PATH_MAX);
-			if (len < 0)
-				die_errno ("Invalid symlink '%s'", buf);
-			if (PATH_MAX <= len)
-				die("symbolic link too long: %s", buf);
+			if (len < 0) {
+				if (die_on_error)
+					die_errno("Invalid symlink '%s'", buf);
+				else
+					goto error_out;
+			}
+			if (PATH_MAX <= len) {
+				if (die_on_error)
+					die("symbolic link too long: %s", buf);
+				else
+					goto error_out;
+			}
 			next_buf[len] = '\0';
 			buf = next_buf;
 			buf_index = 1 - buf_index;
@@ -86,10 +139,23 @@
 			break;
 	}
 
+	retval = buf;
+error_out:
+	free(last_elem);
 	if (*cwd && chdir(cwd))
 		die_errno ("Could not change back to '%s'", cwd);
 
-	return buf;
+	return retval;
+}
+
+const char *real_path(const char *path)
+{
+	return real_path_internal(path, 1);
+}
+
+const char *real_path_if_valid(const char *path)
+{
+	return real_path_internal(path, 0);
 }
 
 static const char *get_pwd_cwd(void)
@@ -123,7 +189,9 @@
 {
 	static char buf[PATH_MAX + 1];
 
-	if (is_absolute_path(path)) {
+	if (!*path) {
+		die("The empty string is not a valid path");
+	} else if (is_absolute_path(path)) {
 		if (strlcpy(buf, path, PATH_MAX) >= PATH_MAX)
 			die("Too long path: %.*s", 60, path);
 	} else {
diff --git a/advice.c b/advice.c
index a492eea..a8deee6 100644
--- a/advice.c
+++ b/advice.c
@@ -1,28 +1,41 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 
-int advice_push_nonfastforward = 1;
+int advice_push_update_rejected = 1;
 int advice_push_non_ff_current = 1;
 int advice_push_non_ff_default = 1;
 int advice_push_non_ff_matching = 1;
+int advice_push_already_exists = 1;
+int advice_push_fetch_first = 1;
+int advice_push_needs_force = 1;
 int advice_status_hints = 1;
+int advice_status_u_option = 1;
 int advice_commit_before_merge = 1;
 int advice_resolve_conflict = 1;
 int advice_implicit_identity = 1;
 int advice_detached_head = 1;
+int advice_set_upstream_failure = 1;
 
 static struct {
 	const char *name;
 	int *preference;
 } advice_config[] = {
-	{ "pushnonfastforward", &advice_push_nonfastforward },
+	{ "pushupdaterejected", &advice_push_update_rejected },
 	{ "pushnonffcurrent", &advice_push_non_ff_current },
 	{ "pushnonffdefault", &advice_push_non_ff_default },
 	{ "pushnonffmatching", &advice_push_non_ff_matching },
+	{ "pushalreadyexists", &advice_push_already_exists },
+	{ "pushfetchfirst", &advice_push_fetch_first },
+	{ "pushneedsforce", &advice_push_needs_force },
 	{ "statushints", &advice_status_hints },
+	{ "statusuoption", &advice_status_u_option },
 	{ "commitbeforemerge", &advice_commit_before_merge },
 	{ "resolveconflict", &advice_resolve_conflict },
 	{ "implicitidentity", &advice_implicit_identity },
 	{ "detachedhead", &advice_detached_head },
+	{ "setupstreamfailure", &advice_set_upstream_failure },
+
+	/* make this an alias for backward compatibility */
+	{ "pushnonfastforward", &advice_push_update_rejected }
 };
 
 void advise(const char *advice, ...)
@@ -32,7 +45,7 @@
 	const char *cp, *np;
 
 	va_start(params, advice);
-	strbuf_addf(&buf, advice, params);
+	strbuf_vaddf(&buf, advice, params);
 	va_end(params);
 
 	for (cp = buf.buf; *cp; cp = np) {
diff --git a/advice.h b/advice.h
index f3cdbbf..94caa32 100644
--- a/advice.h
+++ b/advice.h
@@ -3,15 +3,20 @@
 
 #include "git-compat-util.h"
 
-extern int advice_push_nonfastforward;
+extern int advice_push_update_rejected;
 extern int advice_push_non_ff_current;
 extern int advice_push_non_ff_default;
 extern int advice_push_non_ff_matching;
+extern int advice_push_already_exists;
+extern int advice_push_fetch_first;
+extern int advice_push_needs_force;
 extern int advice_status_hints;
+extern int advice_status_u_option;
 extern int advice_commit_before_merge;
 extern int advice_resolve_conflict;
 extern int advice_implicit_identity;
 extern int advice_detached_head;
+extern int advice_set_upstream_failure;
 
 int git_default_advice_config(const char *var, const char *value);
 void advise(const char *advice, ...);
diff --git a/archive-tar.c b/archive-tar.c
index dc91c6b..719b629 100644
--- a/archive-tar.c
+++ b/archive-tar.c
@@ -139,13 +139,13 @@
 
 static unsigned int ustar_header_chksum(const struct ustar_header *header)
 {
-	const char *p = (const char *)header;
+	const unsigned char *p = (const unsigned char *)header;
 	unsigned int chksum = 0;
-	while (p < header->chksum)
+	while (p < (const unsigned char *)header->chksum)
 		chksum += *p++;
 	chksum += sizeof(header->chksum) * ' ';
 	p += sizeof(header->chksum);
-	while (p < (const char *)header + sizeof(struct ustar_header))
+	while (p < (const unsigned char *)header + sizeof(struct ustar_header))
 		chksum += *p++;
 	return chksum;
 }
@@ -153,6 +153,8 @@
 static size_t get_path_prefix(const char *path, size_t pathlen, size_t maxlen)
 {
 	size_t i = pathlen;
+	if (i > 1 && path[i - 1] == '/')
+		i--;
 	if (i > maxlen)
 		i = maxlen;
 	do {
@@ -325,20 +327,12 @@
 static int tar_filter_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *data)
 {
 	struct archiver *ar;
-	const char *dot;
 	const char *name;
 	const char *type;
 	int namelen;
 
-	if (prefixcmp(var, "tar."))
+	if (parse_config_key(var, "tar", &name, &namelen, &type) < 0 || !name)
 		return 0;
-	dot = strrchr(var, '.');
-	if (dot == var + 9)
-		return 0;
-
-	name = var + 4;
-	namelen = dot - name;
-	type = dot + 1;
 
 	ar = find_tar_filter(name, namelen);
 	if (!ar) {
diff --git a/archive-zip.c b/archive-zip.c
index f5af81f..b2c4fe0 100644
--- a/archive-zip.c
+++ b/archive-zip.c
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "archive.h"
 #include "streaming.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
 
 static int zip_date;
 static int zip_time;
@@ -16,7 +17,8 @@
 static unsigned int zip_dir_entries;
 
 #define ZIP_DIRECTORY_MIN_SIZE	(1024 * 1024)
-#define ZIP_STREAM (8)
+#define ZIP_STREAM	(1 <<  3)
+#define ZIP_UTF8	(1 << 11)
 
 struct zip_local_header {
 	unsigned char magic[4];
@@ -74,6 +76,14 @@
 	unsigned char _end[1];
 };
 
+struct zip_extra_mtime {
+	unsigned char magic[2];
+	unsigned char extra_size[2];
+	unsigned char flags[1];
+	unsigned char mtime[4];
+	unsigned char _end[1];
+};
+
 /*
  * On ARM, padding is added at the end of the struct, so a simple
  * sizeof(struct ...) reports two bytes more than the payload size
@@ -83,6 +93,9 @@
 #define ZIP_DATA_DESC_SIZE	offsetof(struct zip_data_desc, _end)
 #define ZIP_DIR_HEADER_SIZE	offsetof(struct zip_dir_header, _end)
 #define ZIP_DIR_TRAILER_SIZE	offsetof(struct zip_dir_trailer, _end)
+#define ZIP_EXTRA_MTIME_SIZE	offsetof(struct zip_extra_mtime, _end)
+#define ZIP_EXTRA_MTIME_PAYLOAD_SIZE \
+	(ZIP_EXTRA_MTIME_SIZE - offsetof(struct zip_extra_mtime, flags))
 
 static void copy_le16(unsigned char *dest, unsigned int n)
 {
@@ -98,8 +111,9 @@
 	dest[3] = 0xff & (n >> 030);
 }
 
-static void *zlib_deflate(void *data, unsigned long size,
-		int compression_level, unsigned long *compressed_size)
+static void *zlib_deflate_raw(void *data, unsigned long size,
+			      int compression_level,
+			      unsigned long *compressed_size)
 {
 	git_zstream stream;
 	unsigned long maxsize;
@@ -107,7 +121,7 @@
 	int result;
 
 	memset(&stream, 0, sizeof(stream));
-	git_deflate_init(&stream, compression_level);
+	git_deflate_init_raw(&stream, compression_level);
 	maxsize = git_deflate_bound(&stream, size);
 	buffer = xmalloc(maxsize);
 
@@ -164,6 +178,17 @@
 	copy_le32(header->size, size);
 }
 
+static int has_only_ascii(const char *s)
+{
+	for (;;) {
+		int c = *s++;
+		if (c == '\0')
+			return 1;
+		if (!isascii(c))
+			return 0;
+	}
+}
+
 #define STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE (1024 * 16)
 
 static int write_zip_entry(struct archiver_args *args,
@@ -173,6 +198,7 @@
 {
 	struct zip_local_header header;
 	struct zip_dir_header dirent;
+	struct zip_extra_mtime extra;
 	unsigned long attr2;
 	unsigned long compressed_size;
 	unsigned long crc;
@@ -187,6 +213,13 @@
 
 	crc = crc32(0, NULL, 0);
 
+	if (!has_only_ascii(path)) {
+		if (is_utf8(path))
+			flags |= ZIP_UTF8;
+		else
+			warning("Path is not valid UTF-8: %s", path);
+	}
+
 	if (pathlen > 0xffff) {
 		return error("path too long (%d chars, SHA1: %s): %s",
 				(int)pathlen, sha1_to_hex(sha1), path);
@@ -208,7 +241,6 @@
 			(mode & 0111) ? ((mode) << 16) : 0;
 		if (S_ISREG(mode) && args->compression_level != 0 && size > 0)
 			method = 8;
-		compressed_size = size;
 
 		if (S_ISREG(mode) && type == OBJ_BLOB && !args->convert &&
 		    size > big_file_threshold) {
@@ -227,27 +259,30 @@
 			crc = crc32(crc, buffer, size);
 			out = buffer;
 		}
+		compressed_size = (method == 0) ? size : 0;
 	} else {
 		return error("unsupported file mode: 0%o (SHA1: %s)", mode,
 				sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 	}
 
 	if (buffer && method == 8) {
-		deflated = zlib_deflate(buffer, size, args->compression_level,
-				&compressed_size);
-		if (deflated && compressed_size - 6 < size) {
-			/* ZLIB --> raw compressed data (see RFC 1950) */
-			/* CMF and FLG ... */
-			out = (unsigned char *)deflated + 2;
-			compressed_size -= 6;	/* ... and ADLER32 */
-		} else {
+		out = deflated = zlib_deflate_raw(buffer, size,
+						  args->compression_level,
+						  &compressed_size);
+		if (!out || compressed_size >= size) {
+			out = buffer;
 			method = 0;
 			compressed_size = size;
 		}
 	}
 
+	copy_le16(extra.magic, 0x5455);
+	copy_le16(extra.extra_size, ZIP_EXTRA_MTIME_PAYLOAD_SIZE);
+	extra.flags[0] = 1;	/* just mtime */
+	copy_le32(extra.mtime, args->time);
+
 	/* make sure we have enough free space in the dictionary */
-	direntsize = ZIP_DIR_HEADER_SIZE + pathlen;
+	direntsize = ZIP_DIR_HEADER_SIZE + pathlen + ZIP_EXTRA_MTIME_SIZE;
 	while (zip_dir_size < zip_dir_offset + direntsize) {
 		zip_dir_size += ZIP_DIRECTORY_MIN_SIZE;
 		zip_dir = xrealloc(zip_dir, zip_dir_size);
@@ -263,7 +298,7 @@
 	copy_le16(dirent.mdate, zip_date);
 	set_zip_dir_data_desc(&dirent, size, compressed_size, crc);
 	copy_le16(dirent.filename_length, pathlen);
-	copy_le16(dirent.extra_length, 0);
+	copy_le16(dirent.extra_length, ZIP_EXTRA_MTIME_SIZE);
 	copy_le16(dirent.comment_length, 0);
 	copy_le16(dirent.disk, 0);
 	copy_le16(dirent.attr1, 0);
@@ -276,16 +311,15 @@
 	copy_le16(header.compression_method, method);
 	copy_le16(header.mtime, zip_time);
 	copy_le16(header.mdate, zip_date);
-	if (flags & ZIP_STREAM)
-		set_zip_header_data_desc(&header, 0, 0, 0);
-	else
-		set_zip_header_data_desc(&header, size, compressed_size, crc);
+	set_zip_header_data_desc(&header, size, compressed_size, crc);
 	copy_le16(header.filename_length, pathlen);
-	copy_le16(header.extra_length, 0);
+	copy_le16(header.extra_length, ZIP_EXTRA_MTIME_SIZE);
 	write_or_die(1, &header, ZIP_LOCAL_HEADER_SIZE);
 	zip_offset += ZIP_LOCAL_HEADER_SIZE;
 	write_or_die(1, path, pathlen);
 	zip_offset += pathlen;
+	write_or_die(1, &extra, ZIP_EXTRA_MTIME_SIZE);
+	zip_offset += ZIP_EXTRA_MTIME_SIZE;
 	if (stream && method == 0) {
 		unsigned char buf[STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE];
 		ssize_t readlen;
@@ -317,7 +351,7 @@
 		unsigned char compressed[STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE * 2];
 
 		memset(&zstream, 0, sizeof(zstream));
-		git_deflate_init(&zstream, args->compression_level);
+		git_deflate_init_raw(&zstream, args->compression_level);
 
 		compressed_size = 0;
 		zstream.next_out = compressed;
@@ -334,13 +368,10 @@
 			result = git_deflate(&zstream, 0);
 			if (result != Z_OK)
 				die("deflate error (%d)", result);
-			out = compressed;
-			if (!compressed_size)
-				out += 2;
-			out_len = zstream.next_out - out;
+			out_len = zstream.next_out - compressed;
 
 			if (out_len > 0) {
-				write_or_die(1, out, out_len);
+				write_or_die(1, compressed, out_len);
 				compressed_size += out_len;
 				zstream.next_out = compressed;
 				zstream.avail_out = sizeof(compressed);
@@ -358,11 +389,8 @@
 			die("deflate error (%d)", result);
 
 		git_deflate_end(&zstream);
-		out = compressed;
-		if (!compressed_size)
-			out += 2;
-		out_len = zstream.next_out - out - 4;
-		write_or_die(1, out, out_len);
+		out_len = zstream.next_out - compressed;
+		write_or_die(1, compressed, out_len);
 		compressed_size += out_len;
 		zip_offset += compressed_size;
 
@@ -382,6 +410,8 @@
 	zip_dir_offset += ZIP_DIR_HEADER_SIZE;
 	memcpy(zip_dir + zip_dir_offset, path, pathlen);
 	zip_dir_offset += pathlen;
+	memcpy(zip_dir + zip_dir_offset, &extra, ZIP_EXTRA_MTIME_SIZE);
+	zip_dir_offset += ZIP_EXTRA_MTIME_SIZE;
 	zip_dir_entries++;
 
 	return 0;
diff --git a/archive.c b/archive.c
index a484433..d254fa5 100644
--- a/archive.c
+++ b/archive.c
@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@
 #include "unpack-trees.h"
 
 static char const * const archive_usage[] = {
-	"git archive [options] <tree-ish> [<path>...]",
-	"git archive --list",
-	"git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] [options] <tree-ish> [<path>...]",
-	"git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] --list",
+	N_("git archive [options] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"),
+	N_("git archive --list"),
+	N_("git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] [options] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"),
+	N_("git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] --list"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -120,6 +120,8 @@
 	strbuf_add(&path, args->base, args->baselen);
 	strbuf_add(&path, base, baselen);
 	strbuf_addstr(&path, filename);
+	if (S_ISDIR(mode) || S_ISGITLINK(mode))
+		strbuf_addch(&path, '/');
 	path_without_prefix = path.buf + args->baselen;
 
 	setup_archive_check(check);
@@ -130,7 +132,6 @@
 	}
 
 	if (S_ISDIR(mode) || S_ISGITLINK(mode)) {
-		strbuf_addch(&path, '/');
 		if (args->verbose)
 			fprintf(stderr, "%.*s\n", (int)path.len, path.buf);
 		err = write_entry(args, sha1, path.buf, path.len, mode);
@@ -233,7 +234,7 @@
 	ar_args->pathspec = pathspec = get_pathspec("", pathspec);
 	if (pathspec) {
 		while (*pathspec) {
-			if (!path_exists(ar_args->tree, *pathspec))
+			if (**pathspec && !path_exists(ar_args->tree, *pathspec))
 				die("path not found: %s", *pathspec);
 			pathspec++;
 		}
@@ -319,16 +320,16 @@
 	int worktree_attributes = 0;
 	struct option opts[] = {
 		OPT_GROUP(""),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "format", &format, "fmt", "archive format"),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "prefix", &base, "prefix",
-			"prepend prefix to each pathname in the archive"),
-		OPT_STRING('o', "output", &output, "file",
-			"write the archive to this file"),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "format", &format, N_("fmt"), N_("archive format")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "prefix", &base, N_("prefix"),
+			N_("prepend prefix to each pathname in the archive")),
+		OPT_STRING('o', "output", &output, N_("file"),
+			N_("write the archive to this file")),
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "worktree-attributes", &worktree_attributes,
-			"read .gitattributes in working directory"),
-		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, "report archived files on stderr"),
-		OPT__COMPR('0', &compression_level, "store only", 0),
-		OPT__COMPR('1', &compression_level, "compress faster", 1),
+			N_("read .gitattributes in working directory")),
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("report archived files on stderr")),
+		OPT__COMPR('0', &compression_level, N_("store only"), 0),
+		OPT__COMPR('1', &compression_level, N_("compress faster"), 1),
 		OPT__COMPR_HIDDEN('2', &compression_level, 2),
 		OPT__COMPR_HIDDEN('3', &compression_level, 3),
 		OPT__COMPR_HIDDEN('4', &compression_level, 4),
@@ -336,15 +337,15 @@
 		OPT__COMPR_HIDDEN('6', &compression_level, 6),
 		OPT__COMPR_HIDDEN('7', &compression_level, 7),
 		OPT__COMPR_HIDDEN('8', &compression_level, 8),
-		OPT__COMPR('9', &compression_level, "compress better", 9),
+		OPT__COMPR('9', &compression_level, N_("compress better"), 9),
 		OPT_GROUP(""),
 		OPT_BOOL('l', "list", &list,
-			"list supported archive formats"),
+			N_("list supported archive formats")),
 		OPT_GROUP(""),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "remote", &remote, "repo",
-			"retrieve the archive from remote repository <repo>"),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "exec", &exec, "cmd",
-			"path to the remote git-upload-archive command"),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "remote", &remote, N_("repo"),
+			N_("retrieve the archive from remote repository <repo>")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "exec", &exec, N_("command"),
+			N_("path to the remote git-upload-archive command")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
diff --git a/argv-array.c b/argv-array.c
index 0b5f889..9e960d5 100644
--- a/argv-array.c
+++ b/argv-array.c
@@ -49,13 +49,42 @@
 	va_end(ap);
 }
 
+void argv_array_pop(struct argv_array *array)
+{
+	if (!array->argc)
+		return;
+	free((char *)array->argv[array->argc - 1]);
+	array->argv[array->argc - 1] = NULL;
+	array->argc--;
+}
+
 void argv_array_clear(struct argv_array *array)
 {
 	if (array->argv != empty_argv) {
 		int i;
 		for (i = 0; i < array->argc; i++)
-			free((char **)array->argv[i]);
+			free((char *)array->argv[i]);
 		free(array->argv);
 	}
 	argv_array_init(array);
 }
+
+const char **argv_array_detach(struct argv_array *array, int *argc)
+{
+	const char **argv =
+		array->argv == empty_argv || array->argc == 0 ? NULL : array->argv;
+	if (argc)
+		*argc = array->argc;
+	argv_array_init(array);
+	return argv;
+}
+
+void argv_array_free_detached(const char **argv)
+{
+	if (argv) {
+		int i;
+		for (i = 0; argv[i]; i++)
+			free((char **)argv[i]);
+		free(argv);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/argv-array.h b/argv-array.h
index b93a69c..40248d4 100644
--- a/argv-array.h
+++ b/argv-array.h
@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@
 __attribute__((format (printf,2,3)))
 void argv_array_pushf(struct argv_array *, const char *fmt, ...);
 void argv_array_pushl(struct argv_array *, ...);
+void argv_array_pop(struct argv_array *);
 void argv_array_clear(struct argv_array *);
+const char **argv_array_detach(struct argv_array *array, int *argc);
+void argv_array_free_detached(const char **argv);
 
 #endif /* ARGV_ARRAY_H */
diff --git a/attr.c b/attr.c
index 303751f..0e774c6 100644
--- a/attr.c
+++ b/attr.c
@@ -115,6 +115,13 @@
 	const char *setto;
 };
 
+struct pattern {
+	const char *pattern;
+	int patternlen;
+	int nowildcardlen;
+	int flags;		/* EXC_FLAG_* */
+};
+
 /*
  * One rule, as from a .gitattributes file.
  *
@@ -131,7 +138,7 @@
  */
 struct match_attr {
 	union {
-		char *pattern;
+		struct pattern pat;
 		struct git_attr *attr;
 	} u;
 	char is_macro;
@@ -241,9 +248,18 @@
 	if (is_macro)
 		res->u.attr = git_attr_internal(name, namelen);
 	else {
-		res->u.pattern = (char *)&(res->state[num_attr]);
-		memcpy(res->u.pattern, name, namelen);
-		res->u.pattern[namelen] = 0;
+		char *p = (char *)&(res->state[num_attr]);
+		memcpy(p, name, namelen);
+		res->u.pat.pattern = p;
+		parse_exclude_pattern(&res->u.pat.pattern,
+				      &res->u.pat.patternlen,
+				      &res->u.pat.flags,
+				      &res->u.pat.nowildcardlen);
+		if (res->u.pat.flags & EXC_FLAG_NEGATIVE) {
+			warning(_("Negative patterns are ignored in git attributes\n"
+				  "Use '\\!' for literal leading exclamation."));
+			return NULL;
+		}
 	}
 	res->is_macro = is_macro;
 	res->num_attr = num_attr;
@@ -270,13 +286,14 @@
  * (reading the file from top to bottom), .gitattribute of the root
  * directory (again, reading the file from top to bottom) down to the
  * current directory, and then scan the list backwards to find the first match.
- * This is exactly the same as what excluded() does in dir.c to deal with
+ * This is exactly the same as what is_excluded() does in dir.c to deal with
  * .gitignore
  */
 
 static struct attr_stack {
 	struct attr_stack *prev;
 	char *origin;
+	size_t originlen;
 	unsigned num_matches;
 	unsigned alloc;
 	struct match_attr **attrs;
@@ -306,7 +323,7 @@
 }
 
 static const char *builtin_attr[] = {
-	"[attr]binary -diff -text",
+	"[attr]binary -diff -merge -text",
 	NULL,
 };
 
@@ -352,8 +369,11 @@
 	char buf[2048];
 	int lineno = 0;
 
-	if (!fp)
+	if (!fp) {
+		if (errno != ENOENT && errno != ENOTDIR)
+			warn_on_inaccessible(path);
 		return NULL;
+	}
 	res = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*res));
 	while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), fp))
 		handle_attr_line(res, buf, path, ++lineno, macro_ok);
@@ -361,46 +381,13 @@
 	return res;
 }
 
-static void *read_index_data(const char *path)
-{
-	int pos, len;
-	unsigned long sz;
-	enum object_type type;
-	void *data;
-	struct index_state *istate = use_index ? use_index : &the_index;
-
-	len = strlen(path);
-	pos = index_name_pos(istate, path, len);
-	if (pos < 0) {
-		/*
-		 * We might be in the middle of a merge, in which
-		 * case we would read stage #2 (ours).
-		 */
-		int i;
-		for (i = -pos - 1;
-		     (pos < 0 && i < istate->cache_nr &&
-		      !strcmp(istate->cache[i]->name, path));
-		     i++)
-			if (ce_stage(istate->cache[i]) == 2)
-				pos = i;
-	}
-	if (pos < 0)
-		return NULL;
-	data = read_sha1_file(istate->cache[pos]->sha1, &type, &sz);
-	if (!data || type != OBJ_BLOB) {
-		free(data);
-		return NULL;
-	}
-	return data;
-}
-
 static struct attr_stack *read_attr_from_index(const char *path, int macro_ok)
 {
 	struct attr_stack *res;
 	char *buf, *sp;
 	int lineno = 0;
 
-	buf = read_index_data(path);
+	buf = read_blob_data_from_index(use_index ? use_index : &the_index, path, NULL);
 	if (!buf)
 		return NULL;
 
@@ -497,6 +484,7 @@
 static void bootstrap_attr_stack(void)
 {
 	struct attr_stack *elem;
+	char *xdg_attributes_file;
 
 	if (attr_stack)
 		return;
@@ -515,6 +503,10 @@
 		}
 	}
 
+	if (!git_attributes_file) {
+		home_config_paths(NULL, &xdg_attributes_file, "attributes");
+		git_attributes_file = xdg_attributes_file;
+	}
 	if (git_attributes_file) {
 		elem = read_attr_from_file(git_attributes_file, 1);
 		if (elem) {
@@ -527,6 +519,7 @@
 	if (!is_bare_repository() || direction == GIT_ATTR_INDEX) {
 		elem = read_attr(GITATTRIBUTES_FILE, 1);
 		elem->origin = xstrdup("");
+		elem->originlen = 0;
 		elem->prev = attr_stack;
 		attr_stack = elem;
 		debug_push(elem);
@@ -540,18 +533,12 @@
 	attr_stack = elem;
 }
 
-static void prepare_attr_stack(const char *path)
+static void prepare_attr_stack(const char *path, int dirlen)
 {
 	struct attr_stack *elem, *info;
-	int dirlen, len;
+	int len;
 	const char *cp;
 
-	cp = strrchr(path, '/');
-	if (!cp)
-		dirlen = 0;
-	else
-		dirlen = cp - path;
-
 	/*
 	 * At the bottom of the attribute stack is the built-in
 	 * set of attribute definitions, followed by the contents
@@ -620,7 +607,7 @@
 			strbuf_addstr(&pathbuf, GITATTRIBUTES_FILE);
 			elem = read_attr(pathbuf.buf, 0);
 			strbuf_setlen(&pathbuf, cp - path);
-			elem->origin = strbuf_detach(&pathbuf, NULL);
+			elem->origin = strbuf_detach(&pathbuf, &elem->originlen);
 			elem->prev = attr_stack;
 			attr_stack = elem;
 			debug_push(elem);
@@ -637,28 +624,26 @@
 }
 
 static int path_matches(const char *pathname, int pathlen,
-			const char *pattern,
+			int basename_offset,
+			const struct pattern *pat,
 			const char *base, int baselen)
 {
-	if (!strchr(pattern, '/')) {
-		/* match basename */
-		const char *basename = strrchr(pathname, '/');
-		basename = basename ? basename + 1 : pathname;
-		return (fnmatch_icase(pattern, basename, 0) == 0);
-	}
-	/*
-	 * match with FNM_PATHNAME; the pattern has base implicitly
-	 * in front of it.
-	 */
-	if (*pattern == '/')
-		pattern++;
-	if (pathlen < baselen ||
-	    (baselen && pathname[baselen] != '/') ||
-	    strncmp(pathname, base, baselen))
+	const char *pattern = pat->pattern;
+	int prefix = pat->nowildcardlen;
+	int isdir = (pathlen && pathname[pathlen - 1] == '/');
+
+	if ((pat->flags & EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR) && !isdir)
 		return 0;
-	if (baselen != 0)
-		baselen++;
-	return fnmatch_icase(pattern, pathname + baselen, FNM_PATHNAME) == 0;
+
+	if (pat->flags & EXC_FLAG_NODIR) {
+		return match_basename(pathname + basename_offset,
+				      pathlen - basename_offset - isdir,
+				      pattern, prefix,
+				      pat->patternlen, pat->flags);
+	}
+	return match_pathname(pathname, pathlen - isdir,
+			      base, baselen,
+			      pattern, prefix, pat->patternlen, pat->flags);
 }
 
 static int macroexpand_one(int attr_nr, int rem);
@@ -675,7 +660,7 @@
 
 		if (*n == ATTR__UNKNOWN) {
 			debug_set(what,
-				  a->is_macro ? a->u.attr->name : a->u.pattern,
+				  a->is_macro ? a->u.attr->name : a->u.pat.pattern,
 				  attr, v);
 			*n = v;
 			rem--;
@@ -685,7 +670,8 @@
 	return rem;
 }
 
-static int fill(const char *path, int pathlen, struct attr_stack *stk, int rem)
+static int fill(const char *path, int pathlen, int basename_offset,
+		struct attr_stack *stk, int rem)
 {
 	int i;
 	const char *base = stk->origin ? stk->origin : "";
@@ -694,8 +680,8 @@
 		struct match_attr *a = stk->attrs[i];
 		if (a->is_macro)
 			continue;
-		if (path_matches(path, pathlen,
-				 a->u.pattern, base, strlen(base)))
+		if (path_matches(path, pathlen, basename_offset,
+				 &a->u.pat, base, stk->originlen))
 			rem = fill_one("fill", a, rem);
 	}
 	return rem;
@@ -732,16 +718,30 @@
 static void collect_all_attrs(const char *path)
 {
 	struct attr_stack *stk;
-	int i, pathlen, rem;
+	int i, pathlen, rem, dirlen;
+	const char *cp, *last_slash = NULL;
+	int basename_offset;
 
-	prepare_attr_stack(path);
+	for (cp = path; *cp; cp++) {
+		if (*cp == '/' && cp[1])
+			last_slash = cp;
+	}
+	pathlen = cp - path;
+	if (last_slash) {
+		basename_offset = last_slash + 1 - path;
+		dirlen = last_slash - path;
+	} else {
+		basename_offset = 0;
+		dirlen = 0;
+	}
+
+	prepare_attr_stack(path, dirlen);
 	for (i = 0; i < attr_nr; i++)
 		check_all_attr[i].value = ATTR__UNKNOWN;
 
-	pathlen = strlen(path);
 	rem = attr_nr;
 	for (stk = attr_stack; 0 < rem && stk; stk = stk->prev)
-		rem = fill(path, pathlen, stk, rem);
+		rem = fill(path, pathlen, basename_offset, stk, rem);
 }
 
 int git_check_attr(const char *path, int num, struct git_attr_check *check)
diff --git a/bisect.c b/bisect.c
index 48acf73..374d9e2 100644
--- a/bisect.c
+++ b/bisect.c
@@ -525,9 +525,9 @@
  * is increased by one between each call, but that should not matter
  * for this application.
  */
-static int get_prn(int count) {
+static unsigned get_prn(unsigned count) {
 	count = count * 1103515245 + 12345;
-	return ((unsigned)(count/65536) % PRN_MODULO);
+	return (count/65536) % PRN_MODULO;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -833,7 +833,7 @@
  */
 static void check_good_are_ancestors_of_bad(const char *prefix, int no_checkout)
 {
-	char *filename = xstrdup(git_path("BISECT_ANCESTORS_OK"));
+	char *filename = git_pathdup("BISECT_ANCESTORS_OK");
 	struct stat st;
 	int fd;
 
@@ -956,3 +956,41 @@
 	return bisect_checkout(bisect_rev_hex, no_checkout);
 }
 
+static inline int log2i(int n)
+{
+	int log2 = 0;
+
+	for (; n > 1; n >>= 1)
+		log2++;
+
+	return log2;
+}
+
+static inline int exp2i(int n)
+{
+	return 1 << n;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Estimate the number of bisect steps left (after the current step)
+ *
+ * For any x between 0 included and 2^n excluded, the probability for
+ * n - 1 steps left looks like:
+ *
+ * P(2^n + x) == (2^n - x) / (2^n + x)
+ *
+ * and P(2^n + x) < 0.5 means 2^n < 3x
+ */
+int estimate_bisect_steps(int all)
+{
+	int n, x, e;
+
+	if (all < 3)
+		return 0;
+
+	n = log2i(all);
+	e = exp2i(n);
+	x = all - e;
+
+	return (e < 3 * x) ? n : n - 1;
+}
diff --git a/bisect.h b/bisect.h
index ec3c3ff..2a6c831 100644
--- a/bisect.h
+++ b/bisect.h
@@ -11,10 +11,6 @@
 					  int *count,
 					  int *skipped_first);
 
-extern void print_commit_list(struct commit_list *list,
-			      const char *format_cur,
-			      const char *format_last);
-
 #define BISECT_SHOW_ALL		(1<<0)
 #define REV_LIST_QUIET		(1<<1)
 
diff --git a/block-sha1/sha1.c b/block-sha1/sha1.c
index c0054a0..a8d4bf9 100644
--- a/block-sha1/sha1.c
+++ b/block-sha1/sha1.c
@@ -101,8 +101,8 @@
  * Where do we get the source from? The first 16 iterations get it from
  * the input data, the next mix it from the 512-bit array.
  */
-#define SHA_SRC(t) get_be32(data + t)
-#define SHA_MIX(t) SHA_ROL(W(t+13) ^ W(t+8) ^ W(t+2) ^ W(t), 1)
+#define SHA_SRC(t) get_be32((unsigned char *) block + (t)*4)
+#define SHA_MIX(t) SHA_ROL(W((t)+13) ^ W((t)+8) ^ W((t)+2) ^ W(t), 1);
 
 #define SHA_ROUND(t, input, fn, constant, A, B, C, D, E) do { \
 	unsigned int TEMP = input(t); setW(t, TEMP); \
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@
 #define T_40_59(t, A, B, C, D, E) SHA_ROUND(t, SHA_MIX, ((B&C)+(D&(B^C))) , 0x8f1bbcdc, A, B, C, D, E )
 #define T_60_79(t, A, B, C, D, E) SHA_ROUND(t, SHA_MIX, (B^C^D) ,  0xca62c1d6, A, B, C, D, E )
 
-static void blk_SHA1_Block(blk_SHA_CTX *ctx, const unsigned int *data)
+static void blk_SHA1_Block(blk_SHA_CTX *ctx, const void *block)
 {
 	unsigned int A,B,C,D,E;
 	unsigned int array[16];
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@
 	D = ctx->H[3];
 	E = ctx->H[4];
 
-	/* Round 1 - iterations 0-16 take their input from 'data' */
+	/* Round 1 - iterations 0-16 take their input from 'block' */
 	T_0_15( 0, A, B, C, D, E);
 	T_0_15( 1, E, A, B, C, D);
 	T_0_15( 2, D, E, A, B, C);
diff --git a/branch.c b/branch.c
index eccdaf9..c5c6984 100644
--- a/branch.c
+++ b/branch.c
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
 	if (remote_is_branch
 	    && !strcmp(local, shortname)
 	    && !origin) {
-		warning("Not setting branch %s as its own upstream.",
+		warning(_("Not setting branch %s as its own upstream."),
 			local);
 		return;
 	}
@@ -74,25 +74,33 @@
 		strbuf_addf(&key, "branch.%s.rebase", local);
 		git_config_set(key.buf, "true");
 	}
+	strbuf_release(&key);
 
 	if (flag & BRANCH_CONFIG_VERBOSE) {
-		strbuf_reset(&key);
-
-		strbuf_addstr(&key, origin ? "remote" : "local");
-
-		/* Are we tracking a proper "branch"? */
-		if (remote_is_branch) {
-			strbuf_addf(&key, " branch %s", shortname);
-			if (origin)
-				strbuf_addf(&key, " from %s", origin);
-		}
+		if (remote_is_branch && origin)
+			printf_ln(rebasing ?
+				  _("Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s by rebasing.") :
+				  _("Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s."),
+				  local, shortname, origin);
+		else if (remote_is_branch && !origin)
+			printf_ln(rebasing ?
+				  _("Branch %s set up to track local branch %s by rebasing.") :
+				  _("Branch %s set up to track local branch %s."),
+				  local, shortname);
+		else if (!remote_is_branch && origin)
+			printf_ln(rebasing ?
+				  _("Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s by rebasing.") :
+				  _("Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s."),
+				  local, remote);
+		else if (!remote_is_branch && !origin)
+			printf_ln(rebasing ?
+				  _("Branch %s set up to track local ref %s by rebasing.") :
+				  _("Branch %s set up to track local ref %s."),
+				  local, remote);
 		else
-			strbuf_addf(&key, " ref %s", remote);
-		printf("Branch %s set up to track %s%s.\n",
-		       local, key.buf,
-		       rebasing ? " by rebasing" : "");
+			die("BUG: impossible combination of %d and %p",
+			    remote_is_branch, origin);
 	}
-	strbuf_release(&key);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -107,7 +115,7 @@
 	int config_flags = quiet ? 0 : BRANCH_CONFIG_VERBOSE;
 
 	if (strlen(new_ref) > 1024 - 7 - 7 - 1)
-		return error("Tracking not set up: name too long: %s",
+		return error(_("Tracking not set up: name too long: %s"),
 				new_ref);
 
 	memset(&tracking, 0, sizeof(tracking));
@@ -126,7 +134,7 @@
 		}
 
 	if (tracking.matches > 1)
-		return error("Not tracking: ambiguous information for ref %s",
+		return error(_("Not tracking: ambiguous information for ref %s"),
 				orig_ref);
 
 	install_branch_config(config_flags, new_ref, tracking.remote,
@@ -171,12 +179,12 @@
 			    int force, int attr_only)
 {
 	if (strbuf_check_branch_ref(ref, name))
-		die("'%s' is not a valid branch name.", name);
+		die(_("'%s' is not a valid branch name."), name);
 
 	if (!ref_exists(ref->buf))
 		return 0;
 	else if (!force && !attr_only)
-		die("A branch named '%s' already exists.", ref->buf + strlen("refs/heads/"));
+		die(_("A branch named '%s' already exists."), ref->buf + strlen("refs/heads/"));
 
 	if (!attr_only) {
 		const char *head;
@@ -184,11 +192,40 @@
 
 		head = resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", sha1, 0, NULL);
 		if (!is_bare_repository() && head && !strcmp(head, ref->buf))
-			die("Cannot force update the current branch.");
+			die(_("Cannot force update the current branch."));
 	}
 	return 1;
 }
 
+static int check_tracking_branch(struct remote *remote, void *cb_data)
+{
+	char *tracking_branch = cb_data;
+	struct refspec query;
+	memset(&query, 0, sizeof(struct refspec));
+	query.dst = tracking_branch;
+	return !(remote_find_tracking(remote, &query) ||
+		 prefixcmp(query.src, "refs/heads/"));
+}
+
+static int validate_remote_tracking_branch(char *ref)
+{
+	return !for_each_remote(check_tracking_branch, ref);
+}
+
+static const char upstream_not_branch[] =
+N_("Cannot setup tracking information; starting point '%s' is not a branch.");
+static const char upstream_missing[] =
+N_("the requested upstream branch '%s' does not exist");
+static const char upstream_advice[] =
+N_("\n"
+"If you are planning on basing your work on an upstream\n"
+"branch that already exists at the remote, you may need to\n"
+"run \"git fetch\" to retrieve it.\n"
+"\n"
+"If you are planning to push out a new local branch that\n"
+"will track its remote counterpart, you may want to use\n"
+"\"git push -u\" to set the upstream config as you push.");
+
 void create_branch(const char *head,
 		   const char *name, const char *start_name,
 		   int force, int reflog, int clobber_head,
@@ -216,38 +253,47 @@
 	}
 
 	real_ref = NULL;
-	if (get_sha1(start_name, sha1))
-		die("Not a valid object name: '%s'.", start_name);
+	if (get_sha1(start_name, sha1)) {
+		if (explicit_tracking) {
+			if (advice_set_upstream_failure) {
+				error(_(upstream_missing), start_name);
+				advise(_(upstream_advice));
+				exit(1);
+			}
+			die(_(upstream_missing), start_name);
+		}
+		die(_("Not a valid object name: '%s'."), start_name);
+	}
 
 	switch (dwim_ref(start_name, strlen(start_name), sha1, &real_ref)) {
 	case 0:
 		/* Not branching from any existing branch */
 		if (explicit_tracking)
-			die("Cannot setup tracking information; starting point is not a branch.");
+			die(_(upstream_not_branch), start_name);
 		break;
 	case 1:
 		/* Unique completion -- good, only if it is a real branch */
 		if (prefixcmp(real_ref, "refs/heads/") &&
-		    prefixcmp(real_ref, "refs/remotes/")) {
+		    validate_remote_tracking_branch(real_ref)) {
 			if (explicit_tracking)
-				die("Cannot setup tracking information; starting point is not a branch.");
+				die(_(upstream_not_branch), start_name);
 			else
 				real_ref = NULL;
 		}
 		break;
 	default:
-		die("Ambiguous object name: '%s'.", start_name);
+		die(_("Ambiguous object name: '%s'."), start_name);
 		break;
 	}
 
 	if ((commit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1)) == NULL)
-		die("Not a valid branch point: '%s'.", start_name);
+		die(_("Not a valid branch point: '%s'."), start_name);
 	hashcpy(sha1, commit->object.sha1);
 
 	if (!dont_change_ref) {
 		lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(ref.buf, NULL, 0);
 		if (!lock)
-			die_errno("Failed to lock ref for update");
+			die_errno(_("Failed to lock ref for update"));
 	}
 
 	if (reflog)
@@ -265,7 +311,7 @@
 
 	if (!dont_change_ref)
 		if (write_ref_sha1(lock, sha1, msg) < 0)
-			die_errno("Failed to write ref");
+			die_errno(_("Failed to write ref"));
 
 	strbuf_release(&ref);
 	free(real_ref);
diff --git a/builtin.h b/builtin.h
index 338f540..faef559 100644
--- a/builtin.h
+++ b/builtin.h
@@ -9,20 +9,19 @@
 
 #define DEFAULT_MERGE_LOG_LEN 20
 
-extern const char git_version_string[];
 extern const char git_usage_string[];
 extern const char git_more_info_string[];
 
 extern void prune_packed_objects(int);
 
 struct fmt_merge_msg_opts {
-	unsigned add_title:1;
+	unsigned add_title:1,
+		credit_people:1;
 	int shortlog_len;
 };
 
 extern int fmt_merge_msg(struct strbuf *in, struct strbuf *out,
 			 struct fmt_merge_msg_opts *);
-extern void commit_notes(struct notes_tree *t, const char *msg);
 
 struct notes_rewrite_cfg {
 	struct notes_tree **trees;
@@ -34,15 +33,12 @@
 	int mode_from_env;
 };
 
-combine_notes_fn parse_combine_notes_fn(const char *v);
 struct notes_rewrite_cfg *init_copy_notes_for_rewrite(const char *cmd);
 int copy_note_for_rewrite(struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c,
 			  const unsigned char *from_obj, const unsigned char *to_obj);
 void finish_copy_notes_for_rewrite(struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c);
 
-extern int check_pager_config(const char *cmd);
-
-extern int textconv_object(const char *path, unsigned mode, const unsigned char *sha1, char **buf, unsigned long *buf_size);
+extern int textconv_object(const char *path, unsigned mode, const unsigned char *sha1, int sha1_valid, char **buf, unsigned long *buf_size);
 
 extern int cmd_add(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_annotate(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
@@ -56,6 +52,7 @@
 extern int cmd_checkout(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_checkout_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_check_attr(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_check_ignore(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_check_ref_format(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_cherry(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_cherry_pick(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
@@ -66,6 +63,7 @@
 extern int cmd_commit_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_config(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_count_objects(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_credential(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_describe(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_diff_files(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_diff_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
@@ -83,7 +81,6 @@
 extern int cmd_grep(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_hash_object(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_help(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
-extern int cmd_http_fetch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_index_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_init_db(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_log(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
@@ -108,7 +105,6 @@
 extern int cmd_pack_objects(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_pack_redundant(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_patch_id(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
-extern int cmd_pickaxe(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_prune(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_prune_packed(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_push(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
@@ -141,7 +137,6 @@
 extern int cmd_update_server_info(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_upload_archive(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_upload_archive_writer(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
-extern int cmd_upload_tar(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_var(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_verify_tag(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_version(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
diff --git a/builtin/add.c b/builtin/add.c
index b79336d..f45d9d4 100644
--- a/builtin/add.c
+++ b/builtin/add.c
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "dir.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
 #include "exec_cmd.h"
 #include "cache-tree.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@
 #include "bulk-checkin.h"
 
 static const char * const builtin_add_usage[] = {
-	"git add [options] [--] <filepattern>...",
+	N_("git add [options] [--] <pathspec>..."),
 	NULL
 };
 static int patch_interactive, add_interactive, edit_interactive;
@@ -25,8 +26,55 @@
 struct update_callback_data {
 	int flags;
 	int add_errors;
+	const char *implicit_dot;
+	size_t implicit_dot_len;
+
+	/* only needed for 2.0 transition preparation */
+	int warn_add_would_remove;
 };
 
+static const char *option_with_implicit_dot;
+static const char *short_option_with_implicit_dot;
+
+static void warn_pathless_add(void)
+{
+	static int shown;
+	assert(option_with_implicit_dot && short_option_with_implicit_dot);
+
+	if (shown)
+		return;
+	shown = 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * To be consistent with "git add -p" and most Git
+	 * commands, we should default to being tree-wide, but
+	 * this is not the original behavior and can't be
+	 * changed until users trained themselves not to type
+	 * "git add -u" or "git add -A". For now, we warn and
+	 * keep the old behavior. Later, the behavior can be changed
+	 * to tree-wide, keeping the warning for a while, and
+	 * eventually we can drop the warning.
+	 */
+	warning(_("The behavior of 'git add %s (or %s)' with no path argument from a\n"
+		  "subdirectory of the tree will change in Git 2.0 and should not be used anymore.\n"
+		  "To add content for the whole tree, run:\n"
+		  "\n"
+		  "  git add %s :/\n"
+		  "  (or git add %s :/)\n"
+		  "\n"
+		  "To restrict the command to the current directory, run:\n"
+		  "\n"
+		  "  git add %s .\n"
+		  "  (or git add %s .)\n"
+		  "\n"
+		  "With the current Git version, the command is restricted to "
+		  "the current directory.\n"
+		  ""),
+		option_with_implicit_dot, short_option_with_implicit_dot,
+		option_with_implicit_dot, short_option_with_implicit_dot,
+		option_with_implicit_dot, short_option_with_implicit_dot);
+}
+
 static int fix_unmerged_status(struct diff_filepair *p,
 			       struct update_callback_data *data)
 {
@@ -48,15 +96,49 @@
 		return DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED;
 }
 
+static const char *add_would_remove_warning = N_(
+	"You ran 'git add' with neither '-A (--all)' or '--ignore-removal',\n"
+"whose behaviour will change in Git 2.0 with respect to paths you removed.\n"
+"Paths like '%s' that are\n"
+"removed from your working tree are ignored with this version of Git.\n"
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --ignore-removal <pathspec>', which is the current default,\n"
+"  ignores paths you removed from your working tree.\n"
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --all <pathspec>' will let you also record the removals.\n"
+"\n"
+"Run 'git status' to check the paths you removed from your working tree.\n");
+
+static void warn_add_would_remove(const char *path)
+{
+	warning(_(add_would_remove_warning), path);
+}
+
 static void update_callback(struct diff_queue_struct *q,
 			    struct diff_options *opt, void *cbdata)
 {
 	int i;
 	struct update_callback_data *data = cbdata;
+	const char *implicit_dot = data->implicit_dot;
+	size_t implicit_dot_len = data->implicit_dot_len;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
 		struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
 		const char *path = p->one->path;
+		/*
+		 * Check if "git add -A" or "git add -u" was run from a
+		 * subdirectory with a modified file outside that directory,
+		 * and warn if so.
+		 *
+		 * "git add -u" will behave like "git add -u :/" instead of
+		 * "git add -u ." in the future.  This warning prepares for
+		 * that change.
+		 */
+		if (implicit_dot &&
+		    strncmp_icase(path, implicit_dot, implicit_dot_len)) {
+			warn_pathless_add();
+			continue;
+		}
 		switch (fix_unmerged_status(p, data)) {
 		default:
 			die(_("unexpected diff status %c"), p->status);
@@ -69,6 +151,10 @@
 			}
 			break;
 		case DIFF_STATUS_DELETED:
+			if (data->warn_add_would_remove) {
+				warn_add_would_remove(path);
+				data->warn_add_would_remove = 0;
+			}
 			if (data->flags & ADD_CACHE_IGNORE_REMOVAL)
 				break;
 			if (!(data->flags & ADD_CACHE_PRETEND))
@@ -80,57 +166,34 @@
 	}
 }
 
-int add_files_to_cache(const char *prefix, const char **pathspec, int flags)
+static void update_files_in_cache(const char *prefix, const char **pathspec,
+				  struct update_callback_data *data)
 {
-	struct update_callback_data data;
 	struct rev_info rev;
+
 	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
 	setup_revisions(0, NULL, &rev, NULL);
 	init_pathspec(&rev.prune_data, pathspec);
 	rev.diffopt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_CALLBACK;
 	rev.diffopt.format_callback = update_callback;
-	data.flags = flags;
-	data.add_errors = 0;
-	rev.diffopt.format_callback_data = &data;
+	rev.diffopt.format_callback_data = data;
 	rev.max_count = 0; /* do not compare unmerged paths with stage #2 */
 	run_diff_files(&rev, DIFF_RACY_IS_MODIFIED);
+}
+
+int add_files_to_cache(const char *prefix, const char **pathspec, int flags)
+{
+	struct update_callback_data data;
+
+	memset(&data, 0, sizeof(data));
+	data.flags = flags;
+	update_files_in_cache(prefix, pathspec, &data);
 	return !!data.add_errors;
 }
 
-static void fill_pathspec_matches(const char **pathspec, char *seen, int specs)
-{
-	int num_unmatched = 0, i;
-
-	/*
-	 * Since we are walking the index as if we were walking the directory,
-	 * we have to mark the matched pathspec as seen; otherwise we will
-	 * mistakenly think that the user gave a pathspec that did not match
-	 * anything.
-	 */
-	for (i = 0; i < specs; i++)
-		if (!seen[i])
-			num_unmatched++;
-	if (!num_unmatched)
-		return;
-	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
-		match_pathspec(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, seen);
-	}
-}
-
-static char *find_used_pathspec(const char **pathspec)
-{
-	char *seen;
-	int i;
-
-	for (i = 0; pathspec[i];  i++)
-		; /* just counting */
-	seen = xcalloc(i, 1);
-	fill_pathspec_matches(pathspec, seen, i);
-	return seen;
-}
-
-static char *prune_directory(struct dir_struct *dir, const char **pathspec, int prefix)
+#define WARN_IMPLICIT_DOT (1u << 0)
+static char *prune_directory(struct dir_struct *dir, const char **pathspec,
+			     int prefix, unsigned flag)
 {
 	char *seen;
 	int i, specs;
@@ -147,12 +210,26 @@
 		if (match_pathspec(pathspec, entry->name, entry->len,
 				   prefix, seen))
 			*dst++ = entry;
+		else if (flag & WARN_IMPLICIT_DOT)
+			/*
+			 * "git add -A" was run from a subdirectory with a
+			 * new file outside that directory.
+			 *
+			 * "git add -A" will behave like "git add -A :/"
+			 * instead of "git add -A ." in the future.
+			 * Warn about the coming behavior change.
+			 */
+			warn_pathless_add();
 	}
 	dir->nr = dst - dir->entries;
-	fill_pathspec_matches(pathspec, seen, specs);
+	add_pathspec_matches_against_index(pathspec, seen, specs);
 	return seen;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Checks the index to see whether any path in pathspec refers to
+ * something inside a submodule.  If so, dies with an error message.
+ */
 static void treat_gitlinks(const char **pathspec)
 {
 	int i;
@@ -160,24 +237,8 @@
 	if (!pathspec || !*pathspec)
 		return;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
-		if (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode)) {
-			int len = ce_namelen(ce), j;
-			for (j = 0; pathspec[j]; j++) {
-				int len2 = strlen(pathspec[j]);
-				if (len2 <= len || pathspec[j][len] != '/' ||
-				    memcmp(ce->name, pathspec[j], len))
-					continue;
-				if (len2 == len + 1)
-					/* strip trailing slash */
-					pathspec[j] = xstrndup(ce->name, len);
-				else
-					die (_("Path '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"),
-						pathspec[j], len, ce->name);
-			}
-		}
-	}
+	for (i = 0; pathspec[i]; i++)
+		pathspec[i] = check_path_for_gitlink(pathspec[i]);
 }
 
 static void refresh(int verbose, const char **pathspec)
@@ -197,17 +258,19 @@
         free(seen);
 }
 
-static const char **validate_pathspec(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+/*
+ * Normalizes argv relative to prefix, via get_pathspec(), and then
+ * runs die_if_path_beyond_symlink() on each path in the normalized
+ * list.
+ */
+static const char **validate_pathspec(const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	const char **pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv);
 
 	if (pathspec) {
 		const char **p;
 		for (p = pathspec; *p; p++) {
-			if (has_symlink_leading_path(*p, strlen(*p))) {
-				int len = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
-				die(_("'%s' is beyond a symbolic link"), *p + len);
-			}
+			die_if_path_beyond_symlink(*p, prefix);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -248,7 +311,7 @@
 	const char **pathspec = NULL;
 
 	if (argc) {
-		pathspec = validate_pathspec(argc, argv, prefix);
+		pathspec = validate_pathspec(argv, prefix);
 		if (!pathspec)
 			return -1;
 	}
@@ -260,7 +323,7 @@
 
 static int edit_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	char *file = xstrdup(git_path("ADD_EDIT.patch"));
+	char *file = git_pathdup("ADD_EDIT.patch");
 	const char *apply_argv[] = { "apply", "--recount", "--cached",
 		NULL, NULL };
 	struct child_process child;
@@ -281,7 +344,7 @@
 	argc = setup_revisions(argc, argv, &rev, NULL);
 	rev.diffopt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&rev.diffopt, IGNORE_DIRTY_SUBMODULES);
-	out = open(file, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY, 0644);
+	out = open(file, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY, 0666);
 	if (out < 0)
 		die (_("Could not open '%s' for writing."), file);
 	rev.diffopt.file = xfdopen(out, "w");
@@ -303,6 +366,7 @@
 		die (_("Could not apply '%s'"), file);
 
 	unlink(file);
+	free(file);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -311,23 +375,38 @@
 static const char ignore_error[] =
 N_("The following paths are ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n");
 
-static int verbose = 0, show_only = 0, ignored_too = 0, refresh_only = 0;
-static int ignore_add_errors, addremove, intent_to_add, ignore_missing = 0;
+static int verbose, show_only, ignored_too, refresh_only;
+static int ignore_add_errors, intent_to_add, ignore_missing;
+
+#define ADDREMOVE_DEFAULT 0 /* Change to 1 in Git 2.0 */
+static int addremove = ADDREMOVE_DEFAULT;
+static int addremove_explicit = -1; /* unspecified */
+
+static int ignore_removal_cb(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	/* if we are told to ignore, we are not adding removals */
+	*(int *)opt->value = !unset ? 0 : 1;
+	return 0;
+}
 
 static struct option builtin_add_options[] = {
-	OPT__DRY_RUN(&show_only, "dry run"),
-	OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, "be verbose"),
+	OPT__DRY_RUN(&show_only, N_("dry run")),
+	OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("be verbose")),
 	OPT_GROUP(""),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('i', "interactive", &add_interactive, "interactive picking"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "patch", &patch_interactive, "select hunks interactively"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('e', "edit", &edit_interactive, "edit current diff and apply"),
-	OPT__FORCE(&ignored_too, "allow adding otherwise ignored files"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('u', "update", &take_worktree_changes, "update tracked files"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('N', "intent-to-add", &intent_to_add, "record only the fact that the path will be added later"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('A', "all", &addremove, "add changes from all tracked and untracked files"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "refresh", &refresh_only, "don't add, only refresh the index"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "ignore-errors", &ignore_add_errors, "just skip files which cannot be added because of errors"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "ignore-missing", &ignore_missing, "check if - even missing - files are ignored in dry run"),
+	OPT_BOOL('i', "interactive", &add_interactive, N_("interactive picking")),
+	OPT_BOOL('p', "patch", &patch_interactive, N_("select hunks interactively")),
+	OPT_BOOL('e', "edit", &edit_interactive, N_("edit current diff and apply")),
+	OPT__FORCE(&ignored_too, N_("allow adding otherwise ignored files")),
+	OPT_BOOL('u', "update", &take_worktree_changes, N_("update tracked files")),
+	OPT_BOOL('N', "intent-to-add", &intent_to_add, N_("record only the fact that the path will be added later")),
+	OPT_BOOL('A', "all", &addremove_explicit, N_("add changes from all tracked and untracked files")),
+	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "ignore-removal", &addremove_explicit,
+	  NULL /* takes no arguments */,
+	  N_("ignore paths removed in the working tree (same as --no-all)"),
+	  PARSE_OPT_NOARG, ignore_removal_cb },
+	OPT_BOOL( 0 , "refresh", &refresh_only, N_("don't add, only refresh the index")),
+	OPT_BOOL( 0 , "ignore-errors", &ignore_add_errors, N_("just skip files which cannot be added because of errors")),
+	OPT_BOOL( 0 , "ignore-missing", &ignore_missing, N_("check if - even missing - files are ignored in dry run")),
 	OPT_END(),
 };
 
@@ -372,6 +451,8 @@
 	int add_new_files;
 	int require_pathspec;
 	char *seen = NULL;
+	int implicit_dot = 0;
+	struct update_callback_data update_data;
 
 	git_config(add_config, NULL);
 
@@ -387,14 +468,44 @@
 	argc--;
 	argv++;
 
+	if (0 <= addremove_explicit)
+		addremove = addremove_explicit;
+	else if (take_worktree_changes && ADDREMOVE_DEFAULT)
+		addremove = 0; /* "-u" was given but not "-A" */
+
 	if (addremove && take_worktree_changes)
 		die(_("-A and -u are mutually incompatible"));
+
+	/*
+	 * Warn when "git add pathspec..." was given without "-u" or "-A"
+	 * and pathspec... covers a removed path.
+	 */
+	memset(&update_data, 0, sizeof(update_data));
+	if (!take_worktree_changes && addremove_explicit < 0)
+		update_data.warn_add_would_remove = 1;
+
+	if (!take_worktree_changes && addremove_explicit < 0 && argc)
+		/*
+		 * Turn "git add pathspec..." to "git add -A pathspec..."
+		 * in Git 2.0 but not yet
+		 */
+		; /* addremove = 1; */
+
 	if (!show_only && ignore_missing)
 		die(_("Option --ignore-missing can only be used together with --dry-run"));
-	if ((addremove || take_worktree_changes) && !argc) {
+	if (addremove) {
+		option_with_implicit_dot = "--all";
+		short_option_with_implicit_dot = "-A";
+	}
+	if (take_worktree_changes) {
+		option_with_implicit_dot = "--update";
+		short_option_with_implicit_dot = "-u";
+	}
+	if (option_with_implicit_dot && !argc) {
 		static const char *here[2] = { ".", NULL };
 		argc = 1;
 		argv = here;
+		implicit_dot = 1;
 	}
 
 	add_new_files = !take_worktree_changes && !refresh_only;
@@ -407,14 +518,15 @@
 		 (intent_to_add ? ADD_CACHE_INTENT : 0) |
 		 (ignore_add_errors ? ADD_CACHE_IGNORE_ERRORS : 0) |
 		 (!(addremove || take_worktree_changes)
-		  ? ADD_CACHE_IGNORE_REMOVAL : 0));
+		  ? ADD_CACHE_IGNORE_REMOVAL : 0)) |
+		 (implicit_dot ? ADD_CACHE_IMPLICIT_DOT : 0);
 
 	if (require_pathspec && argc == 0) {
 		fprintf(stderr, _("Nothing specified, nothing added.\n"));
 		fprintf(stderr, _("Maybe you wanted to say 'git add .'?\n"));
 		return 0;
 	}
-	pathspec = validate_pathspec(argc, argv, prefix);
+	pathspec = validate_pathspec(argv, prefix);
 
 	if (read_cache() < 0)
 		die(_("index file corrupt"));
@@ -431,26 +543,30 @@
 		}
 
 		/* This picks up the paths that are not tracked */
-		baselen = fill_directory(&dir, pathspec);
+		baselen = fill_directory(&dir, implicit_dot ? NULL : pathspec);
 		if (pathspec)
-			seen = prune_directory(&dir, pathspec, baselen);
+			seen = prune_directory(&dir, pathspec, baselen,
+					implicit_dot ? WARN_IMPLICIT_DOT : 0);
 	}
 
 	if (refresh_only) {
 		refresh(verbose, pathspec);
 		goto finish;
 	}
+	if (implicit_dot && prefix)
+		refresh_cache(REFRESH_QUIET);
 
 	if (pathspec) {
 		int i;
+
 		if (!seen)
-			seen = find_used_pathspec(pathspec);
+			seen = find_pathspecs_matching_against_index(pathspec);
 		for (i = 0; pathspec[i]; i++) {
 			if (!seen[i] && pathspec[i][0]
 			    && !file_exists(pathspec[i])) {
 				if (ignore_missing) {
 					int dtype = DT_UNKNOWN;
-					if (excluded(&dir, pathspec[i], &dtype))
+					if (is_excluded(&dir, pathspec[i], &dtype))
 						dir_add_ignored(&dir, pathspec[i], strlen(pathspec[i]));
 				} else
 					die(_("pathspec '%s' did not match any files"),
@@ -462,8 +578,20 @@
 
 	plug_bulk_checkin();
 
-	exit_status |= add_files_to_cache(prefix, pathspec, flags);
+	if ((flags & ADD_CACHE_IMPLICIT_DOT) && prefix) {
+		/*
+		 * Check for modified files throughout the worktree so
+		 * update_callback has a chance to warn about changes
+		 * outside the cwd.
+		 */
+		update_data.implicit_dot = prefix;
+		update_data.implicit_dot_len = strlen(prefix);
+		pathspec = NULL;
+	}
+	update_data.flags = flags & ~ADD_CACHE_IMPLICIT_DOT;
+	update_files_in_cache(prefix, pathspec, &update_data);
 
+	exit_status |= !!update_data.add_errors;
 	if (add_new_files)
 		exit_status |= add_files(&dir, flags);
 
diff --git a/builtin/apply.c b/builtin/apply.c
index f69a864..3979f8b 100644
--- a/builtin/apply.c
+++ b/builtin/apply.c
@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@
 #include "dir.h"
 #include "diff.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
+#include "xdiff-interface.h"
+#include "ll-merge.h"
+#include "rerere.h"
 
 /*
  *  --check turns on checking that the working tree matches the
@@ -46,6 +49,7 @@
 static int apply_verbosely;
 static int allow_overlap;
 static int no_add;
+static int threeway;
 static const char *fake_ancestor;
 static int line_termination = '\n';
 static unsigned int p_context = UINT_MAX;
@@ -184,7 +188,6 @@
 	int is_new, is_delete;	/* -1 = unknown, 0 = false, 1 = true */
 	int rejected;
 	unsigned ws_rule;
-	unsigned long deflate_origlen;
 	int lines_added, lines_deleted;
 	int score;
 	unsigned int is_toplevel_relative:1;
@@ -193,12 +196,17 @@
 	unsigned int is_copy:1;
 	unsigned int is_rename:1;
 	unsigned int recount:1;
+	unsigned int conflicted_threeway:1;
+	unsigned int direct_to_threeway:1;
 	struct fragment *fragments;
 	char *result;
 	size_t resultsize;
 	char old_sha1_prefix[41];
 	char new_sha1_prefix[41];
 	struct patch *next;
+
+	/* three-way fallback result */
+	unsigned char threeway_stage[3][20];
 };
 
 static void free_fragment_list(struct fragment *list)
@@ -371,8 +379,8 @@
 static void clear_image(struct image *image)
 {
 	free(image->buf);
-	image->buf = NULL;
-	image->len = 0;
+	free(image->line_allocated);
+	memset(image, 0, sizeof(*image));
 }
 
 /* fmt must contain _one_ %s and no other substitution */
@@ -1033,15 +1041,17 @@
 
 static int gitdiff_similarity(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
 {
-	if ((patch->score = strtoul(line, NULL, 10)) == ULONG_MAX)
-		patch->score = 0;
+	unsigned long val = strtoul(line, NULL, 10);
+	if (val <= 100)
+		patch->score = val;
 	return 0;
 }
 
 static int gitdiff_dissimilarity(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
 {
-	if ((patch->score = strtoul(line, NULL, 10)) == ULONG_MAX)
-		patch->score = 0;
+	unsigned long val = strtoul(line, NULL, 10);
+	if (val <= 100)
+		patch->score = val;
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1087,15 +1097,23 @@
 	return -1;
 }
 
-static const char *stop_at_slash(const char *line, int llen)
+/*
+ * Skip p_value leading components from "line"; as we do not accept
+ * absolute paths, return NULL in that case.
+ */
+static const char *skip_tree_prefix(const char *line, int llen)
 {
-	int nslash = p_value;
+	int nslash;
 	int i;
 
+	if (!p_value)
+		return (llen && line[0] == '/') ? NULL : line;
+
+	nslash = p_value;
 	for (i = 0; i < llen; i++) {
 		int ch = line[i];
 		if (ch == '/' && --nslash <= 0)
-			return &line[i];
+			return (i == 0) ? NULL : &line[i + 1];
 	}
 	return NULL;
 }
@@ -1125,12 +1143,11 @@
 		if (unquote_c_style(&first, line, &second))
 			goto free_and_fail1;
 
-		/* advance to the first slash */
-		cp = stop_at_slash(first.buf, first.len);
-		/* we do not accept absolute paths */
-		if (!cp || cp == first.buf)
+		/* strip the a/b prefix including trailing slash */
+		cp = skip_tree_prefix(first.buf, first.len);
+		if (!cp)
 			goto free_and_fail1;
-		strbuf_remove(&first, 0, cp + 1 - first.buf);
+		strbuf_remove(&first, 0, cp - first.buf);
 
 		/*
 		 * second points at one past closing dq of name.
@@ -1144,22 +1161,21 @@
 		if (*second == '"') {
 			if (unquote_c_style(&sp, second, NULL))
 				goto free_and_fail1;
-			cp = stop_at_slash(sp.buf, sp.len);
-			if (!cp || cp == sp.buf)
+			cp = skip_tree_prefix(sp.buf, sp.len);
+			if (!cp)
 				goto free_and_fail1;
 			/* They must match, otherwise ignore */
-			if (strcmp(cp + 1, first.buf))
+			if (strcmp(cp, first.buf))
 				goto free_and_fail1;
 			strbuf_release(&sp);
 			return strbuf_detach(&first, NULL);
 		}
 
 		/* unquoted second */
-		cp = stop_at_slash(second, line + llen - second);
-		if (!cp || cp == second)
+		cp = skip_tree_prefix(second, line + llen - second);
+		if (!cp)
 			goto free_and_fail1;
-		cp++;
-		if (line + llen - cp != first.len + 1 ||
+		if (line + llen - cp != first.len ||
 		    memcmp(first.buf, cp, first.len))
 			goto free_and_fail1;
 		return strbuf_detach(&first, NULL);
@@ -1171,10 +1187,9 @@
 	}
 
 	/* unquoted first name */
-	name = stop_at_slash(line, llen);
-	if (!name || name == line)
+	name = skip_tree_prefix(line, llen);
+	if (!name)
 		return NULL;
-	name++;
 
 	/*
 	 * since the first name is unquoted, a dq if exists must be
@@ -1188,10 +1203,9 @@
 			if (unquote_c_style(&sp, second, NULL))
 				goto free_and_fail2;
 
-			np = stop_at_slash(sp.buf, sp.len);
-			if (!np || np == sp.buf)
+			np = skip_tree_prefix(sp.buf, sp.len);
+			if (!np)
 				goto free_and_fail2;
-			np++;
 
 			len = sp.buf + sp.len - np;
 			if (len < second - name &&
@@ -1223,13 +1237,27 @@
 		case '\n':
 			return NULL;
 		case '\t': case ' ':
-			second = stop_at_slash(name + len, line_len - len);
+			/*
+			 * Is this the separator between the preimage
+			 * and the postimage pathname?  Again, we are
+			 * only interested in the case where there is
+			 * no rename, as this is only to set def_name
+			 * and a rename patch has the names elsewhere
+			 * in an unambiguous form.
+			 */
+			if (!name[len + 1])
+				return NULL; /* no postimage name */
+			second = skip_tree_prefix(name + len + 1,
+						  line_len - (len + 1));
 			if (!second)
 				return NULL;
-			second++;
-			if (second[len] == '\n' && !strncmp(name, second, len)) {
+			/*
+			 * Does len bytes starting at "name" and "second"
+			 * (that are separated by one HT or SP we just
+			 * found) exactly match?
+			 */
+			if (second[len] == '\n' && !strncmp(name, second, len))
 				return xmemdupz(name, len);
-			}
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -1893,7 +1921,7 @@
 }
 
 /*
- * Read the patch text in "buffer" taht extends for "size" bytes; stop
+ * Read the patch text in "buffer" that extends for "size" bytes; stop
  * reading after seeing a single patch (i.e. changes to a single file).
  * Create fragments (i.e. patch hunks) and hang them to the given patch.
  * Return the number of bytes consumed, so that the caller can call us
@@ -2069,7 +2097,7 @@
 				   char *buf,
 				   size_t len, size_t postlen)
 {
-	int i, ctx;
+	int i, ctx, reduced;
 	char *new, *old, *fixed;
 	struct image fixed_preimage;
 
@@ -2079,18 +2107,20 @@
 	 * free "oldlines".
 	 */
 	prepare_image(&fixed_preimage, buf, len, 1);
-	assert(fixed_preimage.nr == preimage->nr);
-	for (i = 0; i < preimage->nr; i++)
+	assert(postlen
+	       ? fixed_preimage.nr == preimage->nr
+	       : fixed_preimage.nr <= preimage->nr);
+	for (i = 0; i < fixed_preimage.nr; i++)
 		fixed_preimage.line[i].flag = preimage->line[i].flag;
 	free(preimage->line_allocated);
 	*preimage = fixed_preimage;
 
 	/*
 	 * Adjust the common context lines in postimage. This can be
-	 * done in-place when we are just doing whitespace fixing,
-	 * which does not make the string grow, but needs a new buffer
-	 * when ignoring whitespace causes the update, since in this case
-	 * we could have e.g. tabs converted to multiple spaces.
+	 * done in-place when we are shrinking it with whitespace
+	 * fixing, but needs a new buffer when ignoring whitespace or
+	 * expanding leading tabs to spaces.
+	 *
 	 * We trust the caller to tell us if the update can be done
 	 * in place (postlen==0) or not.
 	 */
@@ -2100,7 +2130,8 @@
 	else
 		new = old;
 	fixed = preimage->buf;
-	for (i = ctx = 0; i < postimage->nr; i++) {
+
+	for (i = reduced = ctx = 0; i < postimage->nr; i++) {
 		size_t len = postimage->line[i].len;
 		if (!(postimage->line[i].flag & LINE_COMMON)) {
 			/* an added line -- no counterparts in preimage */
@@ -2119,8 +2150,15 @@
 			fixed += preimage->line[ctx].len;
 			ctx++;
 		}
-		if (preimage->nr <= ctx)
-			die(_("oops"));
+
+		/*
+		 * preimage is expected to run out, if the caller
+		 * fixed addition of trailing blank lines.
+		 */
+		if (preimage->nr <= ctx) {
+			reduced++;
+			continue;
+		}
 
 		/* and copy it in, while fixing the line length */
 		len = preimage->line[ctx].len;
@@ -2133,6 +2171,7 @@
 
 	/* Fix the length of the whole thing */
 	postimage->len = new - postimage->buf;
+	postimage->nr -= reduced;
 }
 
 static int match_fragment(struct image *img,
@@ -2146,7 +2185,7 @@
 	int i;
 	char *fixed_buf, *buf, *orig, *target;
 	struct strbuf fixed;
-	size_t fixed_len;
+	size_t fixed_len, postlen;
 	int preimage_limit;
 
 	if (preimage->nr + try_lno <= img->nr) {
@@ -2296,6 +2335,7 @@
 	strbuf_init(&fixed, preimage->len + 1);
 	orig = preimage->buf;
 	target = img->buf + try;
+	postlen = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < preimage_limit; i++) {
 		size_t oldlen = preimage->line[i].len;
 		size_t tgtlen = img->line[try_lno + i].len;
@@ -2323,6 +2363,7 @@
 		match = (tgtfix.len == fixed.len - fixstart &&
 			 !memcmp(tgtfix.buf, fixed.buf + fixstart,
 					     fixed.len - fixstart));
+		postlen += tgtfix.len;
 
 		strbuf_release(&tgtfix);
 		if (!match)
@@ -2360,8 +2401,10 @@
 	 * hunk match.  Update the context lines in the postimage.
 	 */
 	fixed_buf = strbuf_detach(&fixed, &fixed_len);
+	if (postlen < postimage->len)
+		postlen = 0;
 	update_pre_post_images(preimage, postimage,
-			       fixed_buf, fixed_len, 0);
+			       fixed_buf, fixed_len, postlen);
 	return 1;
 
  unmatch_exit:
@@ -2937,20 +2980,17 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int read_file_or_gitlink(struct cache_entry *ce, struct strbuf *buf)
+static int read_blob_object(struct strbuf *buf, const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned mode)
 {
-	if (!ce)
-		return 0;
-
-	if (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode)) {
+	if (S_ISGITLINK(mode)) {
 		strbuf_grow(buf, 100);
-		strbuf_addf(buf, "Subproject commit %s\n", sha1_to_hex(ce->sha1));
+		strbuf_addf(buf, "Subproject commit %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 	} else {
 		enum object_type type;
 		unsigned long sz;
 		char *result;
 
-		result = read_sha1_file(ce->sha1, &type, &sz);
+		result = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &sz);
 		if (!result)
 			return -1;
 		/* XXX read_sha1_file NUL-terminates */
@@ -2959,6 +2999,13 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int read_file_or_gitlink(struct cache_entry *ce, struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	if (!ce)
+		return 0;
+	return read_blob_object(buf, ce->sha1, ce->ce_mode);
+}
+
 static struct patch *in_fn_table(const char *name)
 {
 	struct string_list_item *item;
@@ -2977,9 +3024,15 @@
  * item->util in the filename table records the status of the path.
  * Usually it points at a patch (whose result records the contents
  * of it after applying it), but it could be PATH_WAS_DELETED for a
- * path that a previously applied patch has already removed.
+ * path that a previously applied patch has already removed, or
+ * PATH_TO_BE_DELETED for a path that a later patch would remove.
+ *
+ * The latter is needed to deal with a case where two paths A and B
+ * are swapped by first renaming A to B and then renaming B to A;
+ * moving A to B should not be prevented due to presence of B as we
+ * will remove it in a later patch.
  */
- #define PATH_TO_BE_DELETED ((struct patch *) -2)
+#define PATH_TO_BE_DELETED ((struct patch *) -2)
 #define PATH_WAS_DELETED ((struct patch *) -1)
 
 static int to_be_deleted(struct patch *patch)
@@ -3031,82 +3084,37 @@
 	}
 }
 
-static int apply_data(struct patch *patch, struct stat *st, struct cache_entry *ce)
+static int checkout_target(struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
 {
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct image image;
-	size_t len;
-	char *img;
-	struct patch *tpatch;
+	struct checkout costate;
 
-	if (!(patch->is_copy || patch->is_rename) &&
-	    (tpatch = in_fn_table(patch->old_name)) != NULL && !to_be_deleted(tpatch)) {
-		if (was_deleted(tpatch)) {
-			return error(_("patch %s has been renamed/deleted"),
-				patch->old_name);
-		}
-		/* We have a patched copy in memory; use that. */
-		strbuf_add(&buf, tpatch->result, tpatch->resultsize);
-	} else if (cached) {
-		if (read_file_or_gitlink(ce, &buf))
-			return error(_("read of %s failed"), patch->old_name);
-	} else if (patch->old_name) {
-		if (S_ISGITLINK(patch->old_mode)) {
-			if (ce) {
-				read_file_or_gitlink(ce, &buf);
-			} else {
-				/*
-				 * There is no way to apply subproject
-				 * patch without looking at the index.
-				 * NEEDSWORK: shouldn't this be flagged
-				 * as an error???
-				 */
-				free_fragment_list(patch->fragments);
-				patch->fragments = NULL;
-			}
-		} else {
-			if (read_old_data(st, patch->old_name, &buf))
-				return error(_("read of %s failed"), patch->old_name);
-		}
-	}
-
-	img = strbuf_detach(&buf, &len);
-	prepare_image(&image, img, len, !patch->is_binary);
-
-	if (apply_fragments(&image, patch) < 0)
-		return -1; /* note with --reject this succeeds. */
-	patch->result = image.buf;
-	patch->resultsize = image.len;
-	add_to_fn_table(patch);
-	free(image.line_allocated);
-
-	if (0 < patch->is_delete && patch->resultsize)
-		return error(_("removal patch leaves file contents"));
-
+	memset(&costate, 0, sizeof(costate));
+	costate.base_dir = "";
+	costate.refresh_cache = 1;
+	if (checkout_entry(ce, &costate, NULL) || lstat(ce->name, st))
+		return error(_("cannot checkout %s"), ce->name);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int check_to_create_blob(const char *new_name, int ok_if_exists)
+static struct patch *previous_patch(struct patch *patch, int *gone)
 {
-	struct stat nst;
-	if (!lstat(new_name, &nst)) {
-		if (S_ISDIR(nst.st_mode) || ok_if_exists)
-			return 0;
-		/*
-		 * A leading component of new_name might be a symlink
-		 * that is going to be removed with this patch, but
-		 * still pointing at somewhere that has the path.
-		 * In such a case, path "new_name" does not exist as
-		 * far as git is concerned.
-		 */
-		if (has_symlink_leading_path(new_name, strlen(new_name)))
-			return 0;
+	struct patch *previous;
 
-		return error(_("%s: already exists in working directory"), new_name);
-	}
-	else if ((errno != ENOENT) && (errno != ENOTDIR))
-		return error("%s: %s", new_name, strerror(errno));
-	return 0;
+	*gone = 0;
+	if (patch->is_copy || patch->is_rename)
+		return NULL; /* "git" patches do not depend on the order */
+
+	previous = in_fn_table(patch->old_name);
+	if (!previous)
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (to_be_deleted(previous))
+		return NULL; /* the deletion hasn't happened yet */
+
+	if (was_deleted(previous))
+		*gone = 1;
+
+	return previous;
 }
 
 static int verify_index_match(struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
@@ -3119,39 +3127,281 @@
 	return ce_match_stat(ce, st, CE_MATCH_IGNORE_VALID|CE_MATCH_IGNORE_SKIP_WORKTREE);
 }
 
+#define SUBMODULE_PATCH_WITHOUT_INDEX 1
+
+static int load_patch_target(struct strbuf *buf,
+			     struct cache_entry *ce,
+			     struct stat *st,
+			     const char *name,
+			     unsigned expected_mode)
+{
+	if (cached) {
+		if (read_file_or_gitlink(ce, buf))
+			return error(_("read of %s failed"), name);
+	} else if (name) {
+		if (S_ISGITLINK(expected_mode)) {
+			if (ce)
+				return read_file_or_gitlink(ce, buf);
+			else
+				return SUBMODULE_PATCH_WITHOUT_INDEX;
+		} else {
+			if (read_old_data(st, name, buf))
+				return error(_("read of %s failed"), name);
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * We are about to apply "patch"; populate the "image" with the
+ * current version we have, from the working tree or from the index,
+ * depending on the situation e.g. --cached/--index.  If we are
+ * applying a non-git patch that incrementally updates the tree,
+ * we read from the result of a previous diff.
+ */
+static int load_preimage(struct image *image,
+			 struct patch *patch, struct stat *st, struct cache_entry *ce)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	size_t len;
+	char *img;
+	struct patch *previous;
+	int status;
+
+	previous = previous_patch(patch, &status);
+	if (status)
+		return error(_("path %s has been renamed/deleted"),
+			     patch->old_name);
+	if (previous) {
+		/* We have a patched copy in memory; use that. */
+		strbuf_add(&buf, previous->result, previous->resultsize);
+	} else {
+		status = load_patch_target(&buf, ce, st,
+					   patch->old_name, patch->old_mode);
+		if (status < 0)
+			return status;
+		else if (status == SUBMODULE_PATCH_WITHOUT_INDEX) {
+			/*
+			 * There is no way to apply subproject
+			 * patch without looking at the index.
+			 * NEEDSWORK: shouldn't this be flagged
+			 * as an error???
+			 */
+			free_fragment_list(patch->fragments);
+			patch->fragments = NULL;
+		} else if (status) {
+			return error(_("read of %s failed"), patch->old_name);
+		}
+	}
+
+	img = strbuf_detach(&buf, &len);
+	prepare_image(image, img, len, !patch->is_binary);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int three_way_merge(struct image *image,
+			   char *path,
+			   const unsigned char *base,
+			   const unsigned char *ours,
+			   const unsigned char *theirs)
+{
+	mmfile_t base_file, our_file, their_file;
+	mmbuffer_t result = { NULL };
+	int status;
+
+	read_mmblob(&base_file, base);
+	read_mmblob(&our_file, ours);
+	read_mmblob(&their_file, theirs);
+	status = ll_merge(&result, path,
+			  &base_file, "base",
+			  &our_file, "ours",
+			  &their_file, "theirs", NULL);
+	free(base_file.ptr);
+	free(our_file.ptr);
+	free(their_file.ptr);
+	if (status < 0 || !result.ptr) {
+		free(result.ptr);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	clear_image(image);
+	image->buf = result.ptr;
+	image->len = result.size;
+
+	return status;
+}
+
+/*
+ * When directly falling back to add/add three-way merge, we read from
+ * the current contents of the new_name.  In no cases other than that
+ * this function will be called.
+ */
+static int load_current(struct image *image, struct patch *patch)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int status, pos;
+	size_t len;
+	char *img;
+	struct stat st;
+	struct cache_entry *ce;
+	char *name = patch->new_name;
+	unsigned mode = patch->new_mode;
+
+	if (!patch->is_new)
+		die("BUG: patch to %s is not a creation", patch->old_name);
+
+	pos = cache_name_pos(name, strlen(name));
+	if (pos < 0)
+		return error(_("%s: does not exist in index"), name);
+	ce = active_cache[pos];
+	if (lstat(name, &st)) {
+		if (errno != ENOENT)
+			return error(_("%s: %s"), name, strerror(errno));
+		if (checkout_target(ce, &st))
+			return -1;
+	}
+	if (verify_index_match(ce, &st))
+		return error(_("%s: does not match index"), name);
+
+	status = load_patch_target(&buf, ce, &st, name, mode);
+	if (status < 0)
+		return status;
+	else if (status)
+		return -1;
+	img = strbuf_detach(&buf, &len);
+	prepare_image(image, img, len, !patch->is_binary);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int try_threeway(struct image *image, struct patch *patch,
+			struct stat *st, struct cache_entry *ce)
+{
+	unsigned char pre_sha1[20], post_sha1[20], our_sha1[20];
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	size_t len;
+	int status;
+	char *img;
+	struct image tmp_image;
+
+	/* No point falling back to 3-way merge in these cases */
+	if (patch->is_delete ||
+	    S_ISGITLINK(patch->old_mode) || S_ISGITLINK(patch->new_mode))
+		return -1;
+
+	/* Preimage the patch was prepared for */
+	if (patch->is_new)
+		write_sha1_file("", 0, blob_type, pre_sha1);
+	else if (get_sha1(patch->old_sha1_prefix, pre_sha1) ||
+		 read_blob_object(&buf, pre_sha1, patch->old_mode))
+		return error("repository lacks the necessary blob to fall back on 3-way merge.");
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "Falling back to three-way merge...\n");
+
+	img = strbuf_detach(&buf, &len);
+	prepare_image(&tmp_image, img, len, 1);
+	/* Apply the patch to get the post image */
+	if (apply_fragments(&tmp_image, patch) < 0) {
+		clear_image(&tmp_image);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	/* post_sha1[] is theirs */
+	write_sha1_file(tmp_image.buf, tmp_image.len, blob_type, post_sha1);
+	clear_image(&tmp_image);
+
+	/* our_sha1[] is ours */
+	if (patch->is_new) {
+		if (load_current(&tmp_image, patch))
+			return error("cannot read the current contents of '%s'",
+				     patch->new_name);
+	} else {
+		if (load_preimage(&tmp_image, patch, st, ce))
+			return error("cannot read the current contents of '%s'",
+				     patch->old_name);
+	}
+	write_sha1_file(tmp_image.buf, tmp_image.len, blob_type, our_sha1);
+	clear_image(&tmp_image);
+
+	/* in-core three-way merge between post and our using pre as base */
+	status = three_way_merge(image, patch->new_name,
+				 pre_sha1, our_sha1, post_sha1);
+	if (status < 0) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Failed to fall back on three-way merge...\n");
+		return status;
+	}
+
+	if (status) {
+		patch->conflicted_threeway = 1;
+		if (patch->is_new)
+			hashclr(patch->threeway_stage[0]);
+		else
+			hashcpy(patch->threeway_stage[0], pre_sha1);
+		hashcpy(patch->threeway_stage[1], our_sha1);
+		hashcpy(patch->threeway_stage[2], post_sha1);
+		fprintf(stderr, "Applied patch to '%s' with conflicts.\n", patch->new_name);
+	} else {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Applied patch to '%s' cleanly.\n", patch->new_name);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int apply_data(struct patch *patch, struct stat *st, struct cache_entry *ce)
+{
+	struct image image;
+
+	if (load_preimage(&image, patch, st, ce) < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (patch->direct_to_threeway ||
+	    apply_fragments(&image, patch) < 0) {
+		/* Note: with --reject, apply_fragments() returns 0 */
+		if (!threeway || try_threeway(&image, patch, st, ce) < 0)
+			return -1;
+	}
+	patch->result = image.buf;
+	patch->resultsize = image.len;
+	add_to_fn_table(patch);
+	free(image.line_allocated);
+
+	if (0 < patch->is_delete && patch->resultsize)
+		return error(_("removal patch leaves file contents"));
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * If "patch" that we are looking at modifies or deletes what we have,
+ * we would want it not to lose any local modification we have, either
+ * in the working tree or in the index.
+ *
+ * This also decides if a non-git patch is a creation patch or a
+ * modification to an existing empty file.  We do not check the state
+ * of the current tree for a creation patch in this function; the caller
+ * check_patch() separately makes sure (and errors out otherwise) that
+ * the path the patch creates does not exist in the current tree.
+ */
 static int check_preimage(struct patch *patch, struct cache_entry **ce, struct stat *st)
 {
 	const char *old_name = patch->old_name;
-	struct patch *tpatch = NULL;
-	int stat_ret = 0;
+	struct patch *previous = NULL;
+	int stat_ret = 0, status;
 	unsigned st_mode = 0;
 
-	/*
-	 * Make sure that we do not have local modifications from the
-	 * index when we are looking at the index.  Also make sure
-	 * we have the preimage file to be patched in the work tree,
-	 * unless --cached, which tells git to apply only in the index.
-	 */
 	if (!old_name)
 		return 0;
 
 	assert(patch->is_new <= 0);
+	previous = previous_patch(patch, &status);
 
-	if (!(patch->is_copy || patch->is_rename) &&
-	    (tpatch = in_fn_table(old_name)) != NULL && !to_be_deleted(tpatch)) {
-		if (was_deleted(tpatch))
-			return error(_("%s: has been deleted/renamed"), old_name);
-		st_mode = tpatch->new_mode;
+	if (status)
+		return error(_("path %s has been renamed/deleted"), old_name);
+	if (previous) {
+		st_mode = previous->new_mode;
 	} else if (!cached) {
 		stat_ret = lstat(old_name, st);
 		if (stat_ret && errno != ENOENT)
 			return error(_("%s: %s"), old_name, strerror(errno));
 	}
 
-	if (to_be_deleted(tpatch))
-		tpatch = NULL;
-
-	if (check_index && !tpatch) {
+	if (check_index && !previous) {
 		int pos = cache_name_pos(old_name, strlen(old_name));
 		if (pos < 0) {
 			if (patch->is_new < 0)
@@ -3160,13 +3410,7 @@
 		}
 		*ce = active_cache[pos];
 		if (stat_ret < 0) {
-			struct checkout costate;
-			/* checkout */
-			memset(&costate, 0, sizeof(costate));
-			costate.base_dir = "";
-			costate.refresh_cache = 1;
-			if (checkout_entry(*ce, &costate, NULL) ||
-			    lstat(old_name, st))
+			if (checkout_target(*ce, st))
 				return -1;
 		}
 		if (!cached && verify_index_match(*ce, st))
@@ -3179,7 +3423,7 @@
 		return error(_("%s: %s"), old_name, strerror(errno));
 	}
 
-	if (!cached && !tpatch)
+	if (!cached && !previous)
 		st_mode = ce_mode_from_stat(*ce, st->st_mode);
 
 	if (patch->is_new < 0)
@@ -3203,6 +3447,41 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
+
+#define EXISTS_IN_INDEX 1
+#define EXISTS_IN_WORKTREE 2
+
+static int check_to_create(const char *new_name, int ok_if_exists)
+{
+	struct stat nst;
+
+	if (check_index &&
+	    cache_name_pos(new_name, strlen(new_name)) >= 0 &&
+	    !ok_if_exists)
+		return EXISTS_IN_INDEX;
+	if (cached)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!lstat(new_name, &nst)) {
+		if (S_ISDIR(nst.st_mode) || ok_if_exists)
+			return 0;
+		/*
+		 * A leading component of new_name might be a symlink
+		 * that is going to be removed with this patch, but
+		 * still pointing at somewhere that has the path.
+		 * In such a case, path "new_name" does not exist as
+		 * far as git is concerned.
+		 */
+		if (has_symlink_leading_path(new_name, strlen(new_name)))
+			return 0;
+
+		return EXISTS_IN_WORKTREE;
+	} else if ((errno != ENOENT) && (errno != ENOTDIR)) {
+		return error("%s: %s", new_name, strerror(errno));
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
 /*
  * Check and apply the patch in-core; leave the result in patch->result
  * for the caller to write it out to the final destination.
@@ -3225,31 +3504,45 @@
 		return status;
 	old_name = patch->old_name;
 
+	/*
+	 * A type-change diff is always split into a patch to delete
+	 * old, immediately followed by a patch to create new (see
+	 * diff.c::run_diff()); in such a case it is Ok that the entry
+	 * to be deleted by the previous patch is still in the working
+	 * tree and in the index.
+	 *
+	 * A patch to swap-rename between A and B would first rename A
+	 * to B and then rename B to A.  While applying the first one,
+	 * the presence of B should not stop A from getting renamed to
+	 * B; ask to_be_deleted() about the later rename.  Removal of
+	 * B and rename from A to B is handled the same way by asking
+	 * was_deleted().
+	 */
 	if ((tpatch = in_fn_table(new_name)) &&
-			(was_deleted(tpatch) || to_be_deleted(tpatch)))
-		/*
-		 * A type-change diff is always split into a patch to
-		 * delete old, immediately followed by a patch to
-		 * create new (see diff.c::run_diff()); in such a case
-		 * it is Ok that the entry to be deleted by the
-		 * previous patch is still in the working tree and in
-		 * the index.
-		 */
+	    (was_deleted(tpatch) || to_be_deleted(tpatch)))
 		ok_if_exists = 1;
 	else
 		ok_if_exists = 0;
 
 	if (new_name &&
 	    ((0 < patch->is_new) | (0 < patch->is_rename) | patch->is_copy)) {
-		if (check_index &&
-		    cache_name_pos(new_name, strlen(new_name)) >= 0 &&
-		    !ok_if_exists)
+		int err = check_to_create(new_name, ok_if_exists);
+
+		if (err && threeway) {
+			patch->direct_to_threeway = 1;
+		} else switch (err) {
+		case 0:
+			break; /* happy */
+		case EXISTS_IN_INDEX:
 			return error(_("%s: already exists in index"), new_name);
-		if (!cached) {
-			int err = check_to_create_blob(new_name, ok_if_exists);
-			if (err)
-				return err;
+			break;
+		case EXISTS_IN_WORKTREE:
+			return error(_("%s: already exists in working directory"),
+				     new_name);
+		default:
+			return err;
 		}
+
 		if (!patch->new_mode) {
 			if (0 < patch->is_new)
 				patch->new_mode = S_IFREG | 0644;
@@ -3311,6 +3604,40 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int preimage_sha1_in_gitlink_patch(struct patch *p, unsigned char sha1[20])
+{
+	/*
+	 * A usable gitlink patch has only one fragment (hunk) that looks like:
+	 * @@ -1 +1 @@
+	 * -Subproject commit <old sha1>
+	 * +Subproject commit <new sha1>
+	 * or
+	 * @@ -1 +0,0 @@
+	 * -Subproject commit <old sha1>
+	 * for a removal patch.
+	 */
+	struct fragment *hunk = p->fragments;
+	static const char heading[] = "-Subproject commit ";
+	char *preimage;
+
+	if (/* does the patch have only one hunk? */
+	    hunk && !hunk->next &&
+	    /* is its preimage one line? */
+	    hunk->oldpos == 1 && hunk->oldlines == 1 &&
+	    /* does preimage begin with the heading? */
+	    (preimage = memchr(hunk->patch, '\n', hunk->size)) != NULL &&
+	    !prefixcmp(++preimage, heading) &&
+	    /* does it record full SHA-1? */
+	    !get_sha1_hex(preimage + sizeof(heading) - 1, sha1) &&
+	    preimage[sizeof(heading) + 40 - 1] == '\n' &&
+	    /* does the abbreviated name on the index line agree with it? */
+	    !prefixcmp(preimage + sizeof(heading) - 1, p->old_sha1_prefix))
+		return 0; /* it all looks fine */
+
+	/* we may have full object name on the index line */
+	return get_sha1_hex(p->old_sha1_prefix, sha1);
+}
+
 /* Build an index that contains the just the files needed for a 3way merge */
 static void build_fake_ancestor(struct patch *list, const char *filename)
 {
@@ -3322,7 +3649,6 @@
 	 * worth showing the new sha1 prefix, but until then...
 	 */
 	for (patch = list; patch; patch = patch->next) {
-		const unsigned char *sha1_ptr;
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
 		struct cache_entry *ce;
 		const char *name;
@@ -3330,20 +3656,25 @@
 		name = patch->old_name ? patch->old_name : patch->new_name;
 		if (0 < patch->is_new)
 			continue;
-		else if (get_sha1(patch->old_sha1_prefix, sha1))
-			/* git diff has no index line for mode/type changes */
-			if (!patch->lines_added && !patch->lines_deleted) {
-				if (get_current_sha1(patch->old_name, sha1))
-					die("mode change for %s, which is not "
-						"in current HEAD", name);
-				sha1_ptr = sha1;
-			} else
-				die("sha1 information is lacking or useless "
-					"(%s).", name);
-		else
-			sha1_ptr = sha1;
 
-		ce = make_cache_entry(patch->old_mode, sha1_ptr, name, 0, 0);
+		if (S_ISGITLINK(patch->old_mode)) {
+			if (!preimage_sha1_in_gitlink_patch(patch, sha1))
+				; /* ok, the textual part looks sane */
+			else
+				die("sha1 information is lacking or useless for submoule %s",
+				    name);
+		} else if (!get_sha1_blob(patch->old_sha1_prefix, sha1)) {
+			; /* ok */
+		} else if (!patch->lines_added && !patch->lines_deleted) {
+			/* mode-only change: update the current */
+			if (get_current_sha1(patch->old_name, sha1))
+				die("mode change for %s, which is not "
+				    "in current HEAD", name);
+		} else
+			die("sha1 information is lacking or useless "
+			    "(%s).", name);
+
+		ce = make_cache_entry(patch->old_mode, sha1, name, 0, 0);
 		if (!ce)
 			die(_("make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"), name);
 		if (add_index_entry(&result, ce, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD))
@@ -3510,7 +3841,8 @@
 	ce = xcalloc(1, ce_size);
 	memcpy(ce->name, path, namelen);
 	ce->ce_mode = create_ce_mode(mode);
-	ce->ce_flags = namelen;
+	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(0);
+	ce->ce_namelen = namelen;
 	if (S_ISGITLINK(mode)) {
 		const char *s = buf;
 
@@ -3612,6 +3944,33 @@
 	die_errno(_("unable to write file '%s' mode %o"), path, mode);
 }
 
+static void add_conflicted_stages_file(struct patch *patch)
+{
+	int stage, namelen;
+	unsigned ce_size, mode;
+	struct cache_entry *ce;
+
+	if (!update_index)
+		return;
+	namelen = strlen(patch->new_name);
+	ce_size = cache_entry_size(namelen);
+	mode = patch->new_mode ? patch->new_mode : (S_IFREG | 0644);
+
+	remove_file_from_cache(patch->new_name);
+	for (stage = 1; stage < 4; stage++) {
+		if (is_null_sha1(patch->threeway_stage[stage - 1]))
+			continue;
+		ce = xcalloc(1, ce_size);
+		memcpy(ce->name, patch->new_name, namelen);
+		ce->ce_mode = create_ce_mode(mode);
+		ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(stage);
+		ce->ce_namelen = namelen;
+		hashcpy(ce->sha1, patch->threeway_stage[stage - 1]);
+		if (add_cache_entry(ce, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD) < 0)
+			die(_("unable to add cache entry for %s"), patch->new_name);
+	}
+}
+
 static void create_file(struct patch *patch)
 {
 	char *path = patch->new_name;
@@ -3622,7 +3981,11 @@
 	if (!mode)
 		mode = S_IFREG | 0644;
 	create_one_file(path, mode, buf, size);
-	add_index_file(path, mode, buf, size);
+
+	if (patch->conflicted_threeway)
+		add_conflicted_stages_file(patch);
+	else
+		add_index_file(path, mode, buf, size);
 }
 
 /* phase zero is to remove, phase one is to create */
@@ -3724,6 +4087,7 @@
 	int phase;
 	int errs = 0;
 	struct patch *l;
+	struct string_list cpath = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 
 	for (phase = 0; phase < 2; phase++) {
 		l = list;
@@ -3732,12 +4096,30 @@
 				errs = 1;
 			else {
 				write_out_one_result(l, phase);
-				if (phase == 1 && write_out_one_reject(l))
-					errs = 1;
+				if (phase == 1) {
+					if (write_out_one_reject(l))
+						errs = 1;
+					if (l->conflicted_threeway) {
+						string_list_append(&cpath, l->new_name);
+						errs = 1;
+					}
+				}
 			}
 			l = l->next;
 		}
 	}
+
+	if (cpath.nr) {
+		struct string_list_item *item;
+
+		sort_string_list(&cpath);
+		for_each_string_list_item(item, &cpath)
+			fprintf(stderr, "U %s\n", item->string);
+		string_list_clear(&cpath, 0);
+
+		rerere(0);
+	}
+
 	return errs;
 }
 
@@ -3860,8 +4242,12 @@
 	    !apply_with_reject)
 		exit(1);
 
-	if (apply && write_out_results(list))
-		exit(1);
+	if (apply && write_out_results(list)) {
+		if (apply_with_reject)
+			exit(1);
+		/* with --3way, we still need to write the index out */
+		return 1;
+	}
 
 	if (fake_ancestor)
 		build_fake_ancestor(list, fake_ancestor);
@@ -3983,7 +4369,7 @@
 		OPT_NOOP_NOARG(0, "allow-binary-replacement"),
 		OPT_NOOP_NOARG(0, "binary"),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "numstat", &numstat,
-			N_("shows number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation")),
+			N_("show number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation")),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "summary", &summary,
 			N_("instead of applying the patch, output a summary for the input")),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "check", &check,
@@ -3994,6 +4380,8 @@
 			N_("apply a patch without touching the working tree")),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "apply", &force_apply,
 			N_("also apply the patch (use with --stat/--summary/--check)")),
+		OPT_BOOL('3', "3way", &threeway,
+			 N_( "attempt three-way merge if a patch does not apply")),
 		OPT_FILENAME(0, "build-fake-ancestor", &fake_ancestor,
 			N_("build a temporary index based on embedded index information")),
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'z', NULL, NULL, NULL,
@@ -4042,6 +4430,15 @@
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, builtin_apply_options,
 			apply_usage, 0);
 
+	if (apply_with_reject && threeway)
+		die("--reject and --3way cannot be used together.");
+	if (cached && threeway)
+		die("--cached and --3way cannot be used together.");
+	if (threeway) {
+		if (is_not_gitdir)
+			die(_("--3way outside a repository"));
+		check_index = 1;
+	}
 	if (apply_with_reject)
 		apply = apply_verbosely = 1;
 	if (!force_apply && (diffstat || numstat || summary || check || fake_ancestor))
diff --git a/builtin/archive.c b/builtin/archive.c
index 931956d..49178f1 100644
--- a/builtin/archive.c
+++ b/builtin/archive.c
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@
 			       const char *remote, const char *exec,
 			       const char *name_hint)
 {
-	char buf[LARGE_PACKET_MAX];
-	int fd[2], i, len, rv;
+	char *buf;
+	int fd[2], i, rv;
 	struct transport *transport;
 	struct remote *_remote;
 
@@ -53,21 +53,18 @@
 		packet_write(fd[1], "argument %s\n", argv[i]);
 	packet_flush(fd[1]);
 
-	len = packet_read_line(fd[0], buf, sizeof(buf));
-	if (!len)
+	buf = packet_read_line(fd[0], NULL);
+	if (!buf)
 		die(_("git archive: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF"));
-	if (buf[len-1] == '\n')
-		buf[--len] = 0;
 	if (strcmp(buf, "ACK")) {
-		if (len > 5 && !prefixcmp(buf, "NACK "))
+		if (!prefixcmp(buf, "NACK "))
 			die(_("git archive: NACK %s"), buf + 5);
-		if (len > 4 && !prefixcmp(buf, "ERR "))
+		if (!prefixcmp(buf, "ERR "))
 			die(_("remote error: %s"), buf + 4);
 		die(_("git archive: protocol error"));
 	}
 
-	len = packet_read_line(fd[0], buf, sizeof(buf));
-	if (len)
+	if (packet_read_line(fd[0], NULL))
 		die(_("git archive: expected a flush"));
 
 	/* Now, start reading from fd[0] and spit it out to stdout */
@@ -88,12 +85,12 @@
 	const char *output = NULL;
 	const char *remote = NULL;
 	struct option local_opts[] = {
-		OPT_STRING('o', "output", &output, "file",
-			"write the archive to this file"),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "remote", &remote, "repo",
-			"retrieve the archive from remote repository <repo>"),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "exec", &exec, "cmd",
-			"path to the remote git-upload-archive command"),
+		OPT_STRING('o', "output", &output, N_("file"),
+			N_("write the archive to this file")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "remote", &remote, N_("repo"),
+			N_("retrieve the archive from remote repository <repo>")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "exec", &exec, N_("command"),
+			N_("path to the remote git-upload-archive command")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
diff --git a/builtin/bisect--helper.c b/builtin/bisect--helper.c
index 8d325a5..e3884e3 100644
--- a/builtin/bisect--helper.c
+++ b/builtin/bisect--helper.c
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #include "bisect.h"
 
 static const char * const git_bisect_helper_usage[] = {
-	"git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]",
+	N_("git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
 	int no_checkout = 0;
 	struct option options[] = {
 		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "next-all", &next_all,
-			    "perform 'git bisect next'"),
+			    N_("perform 'git bisect next'")),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "no-checkout", &no_checkout,
-			    "update BISECT_HEAD instead of checking out the current commit"),
+			    N_("update BISECT_HEAD instead of checking out the current commit")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
diff --git a/builtin/blame.c b/builtin/blame.c
index 24d3dd5..57a487e 100644
--- a/builtin/blame.c
+++ b/builtin/blame.c
@@ -22,12 +22,12 @@
 #include "utf8.h"
 #include "userdiff.h"
 
-static char blame_usage[] = "git blame [options] [rev-opts] [rev] [--] file";
+static char blame_usage[] = N_("git blame [options] [rev-opts] [rev] [--] file");
 
 static const char *blame_opt_usage[] = {
 	blame_usage,
 	"",
-	"[rev-opts] are documented in git-rev-list(1)",
+	N_("[rev-opts] are documented in git-rev-list(1)"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
 static int incremental;
 static int xdl_opts;
 static int abbrev = -1;
+static int no_whole_file_rename;
 
 static enum date_mode blame_date_mode = DATE_ISO8601;
 static size_t blame_date_width;
@@ -110,6 +111,7 @@
 int textconv_object(const char *path,
 		    unsigned mode,
 		    const unsigned char *sha1,
+		    int sha1_valid,
 		    char **buf,
 		    unsigned long *buf_size)
 {
@@ -117,7 +119,7 @@
 	struct userdiff_driver *textconv;
 
 	df = alloc_filespec(path);
-	fill_filespec(df, sha1, mode);
+	fill_filespec(df, sha1, sha1_valid, mode);
 	textconv = get_textconv(df);
 	if (!textconv) {
 		free_filespec(df);
@@ -142,7 +144,7 @@
 
 		num_read_blob++;
 		if (DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, ALLOW_TEXTCONV) &&
-		    textconv_object(o->path, o->mode, o->blob_sha1, &file->ptr, &file_size))
+		    textconv_object(o->path, o->mode, o->blob_sha1, 1, &file->ptr, &file_size))
 			;
 		else
 			file->ptr = read_sha1_file(o->blob_sha1, &type, &file_size);
@@ -406,8 +408,7 @@
 	paths[1] = NULL;
 
 	diff_tree_setup_paths(paths, &diff_opts);
-	if (diff_setup_done(&diff_opts) < 0)
-		die("diff-setup");
+	diff_setup_done(&diff_opts);
 
 	if (is_null_sha1(origin->commit->object.sha1))
 		do_diff_cache(parent->tree->object.sha1, &diff_opts);
@@ -493,8 +494,7 @@
 	diff_opts.single_follow = origin->path;
 	paths[0] = NULL;
 	diff_tree_setup_paths(paths, &diff_opts);
-	if (diff_setup_done(&diff_opts) < 0)
-		die("diff-setup");
+	diff_setup_done(&diff_opts);
 
 	if (is_null_sha1(origin->commit->object.sha1))
 		do_diff_cache(parent->tree->object.sha1, &diff_opts);
@@ -1074,8 +1074,7 @@
 
 	paths[0] = NULL;
 	diff_tree_setup_paths(paths, &diff_opts);
-	if (diff_setup_done(&diff_opts) < 0)
-		die("diff-setup");
+	diff_setup_done(&diff_opts);
 
 	/* Try "find copies harder" on new path if requested;
 	 * we do not want to use diffcore_rename() actually to
@@ -1228,7 +1227,7 @@
 	 * The first pass looks for unrenamed path to optimize for
 	 * common cases, then we look for renames in the second pass.
 	 */
-	for (pass = 0; pass < 2; pass++) {
+	for (pass = 0; pass < 2 - no_whole_file_rename; pass++) {
 		struct origin *(*find)(struct scoreboard *,
 				       struct commit *, struct origin *);
 		find = pass ? find_rename : find_origin;
@@ -1323,30 +1322,31 @@
  * Information on commits, used for output.
  */
 struct commit_info {
-	const char *author;
-	const char *author_mail;
+	struct strbuf author;
+	struct strbuf author_mail;
 	unsigned long author_time;
-	const char *author_tz;
+	struct strbuf author_tz;
 
 	/* filled only when asked for details */
-	const char *committer;
-	const char *committer_mail;
+	struct strbuf committer;
+	struct strbuf committer_mail;
 	unsigned long committer_time;
-	const char *committer_tz;
+	struct strbuf committer_tz;
 
-	const char *summary;
+	struct strbuf summary;
 };
 
 /*
  * Parse author/committer line in the commit object buffer
  */
 static void get_ac_line(const char *inbuf, const char *what,
-			int person_len, char *person,
-			int mail_len, char *mail,
-			unsigned long *time, const char **tz)
+	struct strbuf *name, struct strbuf *mail,
+	unsigned long *time, struct strbuf *tz)
 {
-	int len, tzlen, maillen;
-	char *tmp, *endp, *timepos, *mailpos;
+	struct ident_split ident;
+	size_t len, maillen, namelen;
+	char *tmp, *endp;
+	const char *namebuf, *mailbuf;
 
 	tmp = strstr(inbuf, what);
 	if (!tmp)
@@ -1357,69 +1357,66 @@
 		len = strlen(tmp);
 	else
 		len = endp - tmp;
-	if (person_len <= len) {
+
+	if (split_ident_line(&ident, tmp, len)) {
 	error_out:
 		/* Ugh */
-		*tz = "(unknown)";
-		strcpy(person, *tz);
-		strcpy(mail, *tz);
+		tmp = "(unknown)";
+		strbuf_addstr(name, tmp);
+		strbuf_addstr(mail, tmp);
+		strbuf_addstr(tz, tmp);
 		*time = 0;
 		return;
 	}
-	memcpy(person, tmp, len);
 
-	tmp = person;
-	tmp += len;
-	*tmp = 0;
-	while (person < tmp && *tmp != ' ')
-		tmp--;
-	if (tmp <= person)
-		goto error_out;
-	*tz = tmp+1;
-	tzlen = (person+len)-(tmp+1);
+	namelen = ident.name_end - ident.name_begin;
+	namebuf = ident.name_begin;
 
-	*tmp = 0;
-	while (person < tmp && *tmp != ' ')
-		tmp--;
-	if (tmp <= person)
-		goto error_out;
-	*time = strtoul(tmp, NULL, 10);
-	timepos = tmp;
+	maillen = ident.mail_end - ident.mail_begin;
+	mailbuf = ident.mail_begin;
 
-	*tmp = 0;
-	while (person < tmp && !(*tmp == ' ' && tmp[1] == '<'))
-		tmp--;
-	if (tmp <= person)
-		return;
-	mailpos = tmp + 1;
-	*tmp = 0;
-	maillen = timepos - tmp;
-	memcpy(mail, mailpos, maillen);
+	if (ident.date_begin && ident.date_end)
+		*time = strtoul(ident.date_begin, NULL, 10);
+	else
+		*time = 0;
 
-	if (!mailmap.nr)
-		return;
-
-	/*
-	 * mailmap expansion may make the name longer.
-	 * make room by pushing stuff down.
-	 */
-	tmp = person + person_len - (tzlen + 1);
-	memmove(tmp, *tz, tzlen);
-	tmp[tzlen] = 0;
-	*tz = tmp;
+	if (ident.tz_begin && ident.tz_end)
+		strbuf_add(tz, ident.tz_begin, ident.tz_end - ident.tz_begin);
+	else
+		strbuf_addstr(tz, "(unknown)");
 
 	/*
 	 * Now, convert both name and e-mail using mailmap
 	 */
-	if (map_user(&mailmap, mail+1, mail_len-1, person, tmp-person-1)) {
-		/* Add a trailing '>' to email, since map_user returns plain emails
-		   Note: It already has '<', since we replace from mail+1 */
-		mailpos = memchr(mail, '\0', mail_len);
-		if (mailpos && mailpos-mail < mail_len - 1) {
-			*mailpos = '>';
-			*(mailpos+1) = '\0';
-		}
-	}
+	map_user(&mailmap, &mailbuf, &maillen,
+		 &namebuf, &namelen);
+
+	strbuf_addf(mail, "<%.*s>", (int)maillen, mailbuf);
+	strbuf_add(name, namebuf, namelen);
+}
+
+static void commit_info_init(struct commit_info *ci)
+{
+
+	strbuf_init(&ci->author, 0);
+	strbuf_init(&ci->author_mail, 0);
+	strbuf_init(&ci->author_tz, 0);
+	strbuf_init(&ci->committer, 0);
+	strbuf_init(&ci->committer_mail, 0);
+	strbuf_init(&ci->committer_tz, 0);
+	strbuf_init(&ci->summary, 0);
+}
+
+static void commit_info_destroy(struct commit_info *ci)
+{
+
+	strbuf_release(&ci->author);
+	strbuf_release(&ci->author_mail);
+	strbuf_release(&ci->author_tz);
+	strbuf_release(&ci->committer);
+	strbuf_release(&ci->committer_mail);
+	strbuf_release(&ci->committer_tz);
+	strbuf_release(&ci->summary);
 }
 
 static void get_commit_info(struct commit *commit,
@@ -1427,57 +1424,33 @@
 			    int detailed)
 {
 	int len;
-	const char *subject;
-	char *reencoded, *message;
-	static char author_name[1024];
-	static char author_mail[1024];
-	static char committer_name[1024];
-	static char committer_mail[1024];
-	static char summary_buf[1024];
+	const char *subject, *encoding;
+	char *message;
 
-	/*
-	 * We've operated without save_commit_buffer, so
-	 * we now need to populate them for output.
-	 */
-	if (!commit->buffer) {
-		enum object_type type;
-		unsigned long size;
-		commit->buffer =
-			read_sha1_file(commit->object.sha1, &type, &size);
-		if (!commit->buffer)
-			die("Cannot read commit %s",
-			    sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
-	}
-	reencoded = reencode_commit_message(commit, NULL);
-	message   = reencoded ? reencoded : commit->buffer;
-	ret->author = author_name;
-	ret->author_mail = author_mail;
+	commit_info_init(ret);
+
+	encoding = get_log_output_encoding();
+	message = logmsg_reencode(commit, NULL, encoding);
 	get_ac_line(message, "\nauthor ",
-		    sizeof(author_name), author_name,
-		    sizeof(author_mail), author_mail,
+		    &ret->author, &ret->author_mail,
 		    &ret->author_time, &ret->author_tz);
 
 	if (!detailed) {
-		free(reencoded);
+		logmsg_free(message, commit);
 		return;
 	}
 
-	ret->committer = committer_name;
-	ret->committer_mail = committer_mail;
 	get_ac_line(message, "\ncommitter ",
-		    sizeof(committer_name), committer_name,
-		    sizeof(committer_mail), committer_mail,
+		    &ret->committer, &ret->committer_mail,
 		    &ret->committer_time, &ret->committer_tz);
 
-	ret->summary = summary_buf;
 	len = find_commit_subject(message, &subject);
-	if (len && len < sizeof(summary_buf)) {
-		memcpy(summary_buf, subject, len);
-		summary_buf[len] = 0;
-	} else {
-		sprintf(summary_buf, "(%s)", sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
-	}
-	free(reencoded);
+	if (len)
+		strbuf_add(&ret->summary, subject, len);
+	else
+		strbuf_addf(&ret->summary, "(%s)", sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+
+	logmsg_free(message, commit);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1505,15 +1478,15 @@
 
 	suspect->commit->object.flags |= METAINFO_SHOWN;
 	get_commit_info(suspect->commit, &ci, 1);
-	printf("author %s\n", ci.author);
-	printf("author-mail %s\n", ci.author_mail);
+	printf("author %s\n", ci.author.buf);
+	printf("author-mail %s\n", ci.author_mail.buf);
 	printf("author-time %lu\n", ci.author_time);
-	printf("author-tz %s\n", ci.author_tz);
-	printf("committer %s\n", ci.committer);
-	printf("committer-mail %s\n", ci.committer_mail);
+	printf("author-tz %s\n", ci.author_tz.buf);
+	printf("committer %s\n", ci.committer.buf);
+	printf("committer-mail %s\n", ci.committer_mail.buf);
 	printf("committer-time %lu\n", ci.committer_time);
-	printf("committer-tz %s\n", ci.committer_tz);
-	printf("summary %s\n", ci.summary);
+	printf("committer-tz %s\n", ci.committer_tz.buf);
+	printf("summary %s\n", ci.summary.buf);
 	if (suspect->commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)
 		printf("boundary\n");
 	if (suspect->previous) {
@@ -1521,6 +1494,9 @@
 		printf("previous %s ", sha1_to_hex(prev->commit->object.sha1));
 		write_name_quoted(prev->path, stdout, '\n');
 	}
+
+	commit_info_destroy(&ci);
+
 	return 1;
 }
 
@@ -1707,11 +1683,11 @@
 		if (opt & OUTPUT_ANNOTATE_COMPAT) {
 			const char *name;
 			if (opt & OUTPUT_SHOW_EMAIL)
-				name = ci.author_mail;
+				name = ci.author_mail.buf;
 			else
-				name = ci.author;
+				name = ci.author.buf;
 			printf("\t(%10s\t%10s\t%d)", name,
-			       format_time(ci.author_time, ci.author_tz,
+			       format_time(ci.author_time, ci.author_tz.buf,
 					   show_raw_time),
 			       ent->lno + 1 + cnt);
 		} else {
@@ -1730,14 +1706,14 @@
 				const char *name;
 				int pad;
 				if (opt & OUTPUT_SHOW_EMAIL)
-					name = ci.author_mail;
+					name = ci.author_mail.buf;
 				else
-					name = ci.author;
+					name = ci.author.buf;
 				pad = longest_author - utf8_strwidth(name);
 				printf(" (%s%*s %10s",
 				       name, pad, "",
 				       format_time(ci.author_time,
-						   ci.author_tz,
+						   ci.author_tz.buf,
 						   show_raw_time));
 			}
 			printf(" %*d) ",
@@ -1752,6 +1728,8 @@
 
 	if (sb->final_buf_size && cp[-1] != '\n')
 		putchar('\n');
+
+	commit_info_destroy(&ci);
 }
 
 static void output(struct scoreboard *sb, int option)
@@ -1837,6 +1815,16 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int update_auto_abbrev(int auto_abbrev, struct origin *suspect)
+{
+	const char *uniq = find_unique_abbrev(suspect->commit->object.sha1,
+					      auto_abbrev);
+	int len = strlen(uniq);
+	if (auto_abbrev < len)
+		return len;
+	return auto_abbrev;
+}
+
 /*
  * How many columns do we need to show line numbers, authors,
  * and filenames?
@@ -1847,12 +1835,16 @@
 	int longest_dst_lines = 0;
 	unsigned largest_score = 0;
 	struct blame_entry *e;
+	int compute_auto_abbrev = (abbrev < 0);
+	int auto_abbrev = default_abbrev;
 
 	for (e = sb->ent; e; e = e->next) {
 		struct origin *suspect = e->suspect;
 		struct commit_info ci;
 		int num;
 
+		if (compute_auto_abbrev)
+			auto_abbrev = update_auto_abbrev(auto_abbrev, suspect);
 		if (strcmp(suspect->path, sb->path))
 			*option |= OUTPUT_SHOW_NAME;
 		num = strlen(suspect->path);
@@ -1862,9 +1854,9 @@
 			suspect->commit->object.flags |= METAINFO_SHOWN;
 			get_commit_info(suspect->commit, &ci, 1);
 			if (*option & OUTPUT_SHOW_EMAIL)
-				num = utf8_strwidth(ci.author_mail);
+				num = utf8_strwidth(ci.author_mail.buf);
 			else
-				num = utf8_strwidth(ci.author);
+				num = utf8_strwidth(ci.author.buf);
 			if (longest_author < num)
 				longest_author = num;
 		}
@@ -1876,10 +1868,16 @@
 			longest_dst_lines = num;
 		if (largest_score < ent_score(sb, e))
 			largest_score = ent_score(sb, e);
+
+		commit_info_destroy(&ci);
 	}
 	max_orig_digits = decimal_width(longest_src_lines);
 	max_digits = decimal_width(longest_dst_lines);
 	max_score_digits = decimal_width(largest_score);
+
+	if (compute_auto_abbrev)
+		/* one more abbrev length is needed for the boundary commit */
+		abbrev = auto_abbrev + 1;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2053,6 +2051,55 @@
 	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
 }
 
+static void verify_working_tree_path(struct commit *work_tree, const char *path)
+{
+	struct commit_list *parents;
+
+	for (parents = work_tree->parents; parents; parents = parents->next) {
+		const unsigned char *commit_sha1 = parents->item->object.sha1;
+		unsigned char blob_sha1[20];
+		unsigned mode;
+
+		if (!get_tree_entry(commit_sha1, path, blob_sha1, &mode) &&
+		    sha1_object_info(blob_sha1, NULL) == OBJ_BLOB)
+			return;
+	}
+	die("no such path '%s' in HEAD", path);
+}
+
+static struct commit_list **append_parent(struct commit_list **tail, const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct commit *parent;
+
+	parent = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
+	if (!parent)
+		die("no such commit %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	return &commit_list_insert(parent, tail)->next;
+}
+
+static void append_merge_parents(struct commit_list **tail)
+{
+	int merge_head;
+	const char *merge_head_file = git_path("MERGE_HEAD");
+	struct strbuf line = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	merge_head = open(merge_head_file, O_RDONLY);
+	if (merge_head < 0) {
+		if (errno == ENOENT)
+			return;
+		die("cannot open '%s' for reading", merge_head_file);
+	}
+
+	while (!strbuf_getwholeline_fd(&line, merge_head, '\n')) {
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		if (line.len < 40 || get_sha1_hex(line.buf, sha1))
+			die("unknown line in '%s': %s", merge_head_file, line.buf);
+		tail = append_parent(tail, sha1);
+	}
+	close(merge_head);
+	strbuf_release(&line);
+}
+
 /*
  * Prepare a dummy commit that represents the work tree (or staged) item.
  * Note that annotating work tree item never works in the reverse.
@@ -2063,6 +2110,7 @@
 {
 	struct commit *commit;
 	struct origin *origin;
+	struct commit_list **parent_tail, *parent;
 	unsigned char head_sha1[20];
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	const char *ident;
@@ -2070,20 +2118,38 @@
 	int size, len;
 	struct cache_entry *ce;
 	unsigned mode;
-
-	if (get_sha1("HEAD", head_sha1))
-		die("No such ref: HEAD");
+	struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	time(&now);
 	commit = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*commit));
-	commit->parents = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*commit->parents));
-	commit->parents->item = lookup_commit_reference(head_sha1);
 	commit->object.parsed = 1;
 	commit->date = now;
 	commit->object.type = OBJ_COMMIT;
+	parent_tail = &commit->parents;
+
+	if (!resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", head_sha1, 1, NULL))
+		die("no such ref: HEAD");
+
+	parent_tail = append_parent(parent_tail, head_sha1);
+	append_merge_parents(parent_tail);
+	verify_working_tree_path(commit, path);
 
 	origin = make_origin(commit, path);
 
+	ident = fmt_ident("Not Committed Yet", "not.committed.yet", NULL, 0);
+	strbuf_addstr(&msg, "tree 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000\n");
+	for (parent = commit->parents; parent; parent = parent->next)
+		strbuf_addf(&msg, "parent %s\n",
+			    sha1_to_hex(parent->item->object.sha1));
+	strbuf_addf(&msg,
+		    "author %s\n"
+		    "committer %s\n\n"
+		    "Version of %s from %s\n",
+		    ident, ident, path,
+		    (!contents_from ? path :
+		     (!strcmp(contents_from, "-") ? "standard input" : contents_from)));
+	commit->buffer = strbuf_detach(&msg, NULL);
+
 	if (!contents_from || strcmp("-", contents_from)) {
 		struct stat st;
 		const char *read_from;
@@ -2105,7 +2171,7 @@
 		switch (st.st_mode & S_IFMT) {
 		case S_IFREG:
 			if (DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, ALLOW_TEXTCONV) &&
-			    textconv_object(read_from, mode, null_sha1, &buf_ptr, &buf_len))
+			    textconv_object(read_from, mode, null_sha1, 0, &buf_ptr, &buf_len))
 				strbuf_attach(&buf, buf_ptr, buf_len, buf_len + 1);
 			else if (strbuf_read_file(&buf, read_from, st.st_size) != st.st_size)
 				die_errno("cannot open or read '%s'", read_from);
@@ -2120,7 +2186,6 @@
 	}
 	else {
 		/* Reading from stdin */
-		contents_from = "standard input";
 		mode = 0;
 		if (strbuf_read(&buf, 0, 0) < 0)
 			die_errno("failed to read from stdin");
@@ -2153,7 +2218,8 @@
 	ce = xcalloc(1, size);
 	hashcpy(ce->sha1, origin->blob_sha1);
 	memcpy(ce->name, path, len);
-	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(len, 0);
+	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(0);
+	ce->ce_namelen = len;
 	ce->ce_mode = create_ce_mode(mode);
 	add_cache_entry(ce, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD|ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_REPLACE);
 
@@ -2164,16 +2230,6 @@
 	 */
 	cache_tree_invalidate_path(active_cache_tree, path);
 
-	commit->buffer = xmalloc(400);
-	ident = fmt_ident("Not Committed Yet", "not.committed.yet", NULL, 0);
-	snprintf(commit->buffer, 400,
-		"tree 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000\n"
-		"parent %s\n"
-		"author %s\n"
-		"committer %s\n\n"
-		"Version of %s from %s\n",
-		sha1_to_hex(head_sha1),
-		ident, ident, path, contents_from ? contents_from : path);
 	return commit;
 }
 
@@ -2296,27 +2352,27 @@
 	static const char *revs_file = NULL;
 	static const char *contents_from = NULL;
 	static const struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "incremental", &incremental, "Show blame entries as we find them, incrementally"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('b', NULL, &blank_boundary, "Show blank SHA-1 for boundary commits (Default: off)"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "root", &show_root, "Do not treat root commits as boundaries (Default: off)"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "show-stats", &show_stats, "Show work cost statistics"),
-		OPT_BIT(0, "score-debug", &output_option, "Show output score for blame entries", OUTPUT_SHOW_SCORE),
-		OPT_BIT('f', "show-name", &output_option, "Show original filename (Default: auto)", OUTPUT_SHOW_NAME),
-		OPT_BIT('n', "show-number", &output_option, "Show original linenumber (Default: off)", OUTPUT_SHOW_NUMBER),
-		OPT_BIT('p', "porcelain", &output_option, "Show in a format designed for machine consumption", OUTPUT_PORCELAIN),
-		OPT_BIT(0, "line-porcelain", &output_option, "Show porcelain format with per-line commit information", OUTPUT_PORCELAIN|OUTPUT_LINE_PORCELAIN),
-		OPT_BIT('c', NULL, &output_option, "Use the same output mode as git-annotate (Default: off)", OUTPUT_ANNOTATE_COMPAT),
-		OPT_BIT('t', NULL, &output_option, "Show raw timestamp (Default: off)", OUTPUT_RAW_TIMESTAMP),
-		OPT_BIT('l', NULL, &output_option, "Show long commit SHA1 (Default: off)", OUTPUT_LONG_OBJECT_NAME),
-		OPT_BIT('s', NULL, &output_option, "Suppress author name and timestamp (Default: off)", OUTPUT_NO_AUTHOR),
-		OPT_BIT('e', "show-email", &output_option, "Show author email instead of name (Default: off)", OUTPUT_SHOW_EMAIL),
-		OPT_BIT('w', NULL, &xdl_opts, "Ignore whitespace differences", XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE),
-		OPT_BIT(0, "minimal", &xdl_opts, "Spend extra cycles to find better match", XDF_NEED_MINIMAL),
-		OPT_STRING('S', NULL, &revs_file, "file", "Use revisions from <file> instead of calling git-rev-list"),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "contents", &contents_from, "file", "Use <file>'s contents as the final image"),
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'C', NULL, &opt, "score", "Find line copies within and across files", PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, blame_copy_callback },
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'M', NULL, &opt, "score", "Find line movements within and across files", PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, blame_move_callback },
-		OPT_CALLBACK('L', NULL, &bottomtop, "n,m", "Process only line range n,m, counting from 1", blame_bottomtop_callback),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "incremental", &incremental, N_("Show blame entries as we find them, incrementally")),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('b', NULL, &blank_boundary, N_("Show blank SHA-1 for boundary commits (Default: off)")),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "root", &show_root, N_("Do not treat root commits as boundaries (Default: off)")),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "show-stats", &show_stats, N_("Show work cost statistics")),
+		OPT_BIT(0, "score-debug", &output_option, N_("Show output score for blame entries"), OUTPUT_SHOW_SCORE),
+		OPT_BIT('f', "show-name", &output_option, N_("Show original filename (Default: auto)"), OUTPUT_SHOW_NAME),
+		OPT_BIT('n', "show-number", &output_option, N_("Show original linenumber (Default: off)"), OUTPUT_SHOW_NUMBER),
+		OPT_BIT('p', "porcelain", &output_option, N_("Show in a format designed for machine consumption"), OUTPUT_PORCELAIN),
+		OPT_BIT(0, "line-porcelain", &output_option, N_("Show porcelain format with per-line commit information"), OUTPUT_PORCELAIN|OUTPUT_LINE_PORCELAIN),
+		OPT_BIT('c', NULL, &output_option, N_("Use the same output mode as git-annotate (Default: off)"), OUTPUT_ANNOTATE_COMPAT),
+		OPT_BIT('t', NULL, &output_option, N_("Show raw timestamp (Default: off)"), OUTPUT_RAW_TIMESTAMP),
+		OPT_BIT('l', NULL, &output_option, N_("Show long commit SHA1 (Default: off)"), OUTPUT_LONG_OBJECT_NAME),
+		OPT_BIT('s', NULL, &output_option, N_("Suppress author name and timestamp (Default: off)"), OUTPUT_NO_AUTHOR),
+		OPT_BIT('e', "show-email", &output_option, N_("Show author email instead of name (Default: off)"), OUTPUT_SHOW_EMAIL),
+		OPT_BIT('w', NULL, &xdl_opts, N_("Ignore whitespace differences"), XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE),
+		OPT_BIT(0, "minimal", &xdl_opts, N_("Spend extra cycles to find better match"), XDF_NEED_MINIMAL),
+		OPT_STRING('S', NULL, &revs_file, N_("file"), N_("Use revisions from <file> instead of calling git-rev-list")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "contents", &contents_from, N_("file"), N_("Use <file>'s contents as the final image")),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'C', NULL, &opt, N_("score"), N_("Find line copies within and across files"), PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, blame_copy_callback },
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'M', NULL, &opt, N_("score"), N_("Find line movements within and across files"), PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, blame_move_callback },
+		OPT_CALLBACK('L', NULL, &bottomtop, N_("n,m"), N_("Process only line range n,m, counting from 1"), blame_bottomtop_callback),
 		OPT__ABBREV(&abbrev),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
@@ -2328,6 +2384,7 @@
 	init_revisions(&revs, NULL);
 	revs.date_mode = blame_date_mode;
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&revs.diffopt, ALLOW_TEXTCONV);
+	DIFF_OPT_SET(&revs.diffopt, FOLLOW_RENAMES);
 
 	save_commit_buffer = 0;
 	dashdash_pos = 0;
@@ -2351,12 +2408,13 @@
 		parse_revision_opt(&revs, &ctx, options, blame_opt_usage);
 	}
 parse_done:
+	no_whole_file_rename = !DIFF_OPT_TST(&revs.diffopt, FOLLOW_RENAMES);
+	DIFF_OPT_CLR(&revs.diffopt, FOLLOW_RENAMES);
 	argc = parse_options_end(&ctx);
 
-	if (abbrev == -1)
-		abbrev = default_abbrev;
-	/* one more abbrev length is needed for the boundary commit */
-	abbrev++;
+	if (0 < abbrev)
+		/* one more abbrev length is needed for the boundary commit */
+		abbrev++;
 
 	if (revs_file && read_ancestry(revs_file))
 		die_errno("reading graft file '%s' failed", revs_file);
@@ -2498,7 +2556,7 @@
 			die("no such path %s in %s", path, final_commit_name);
 
 		if (DIFF_OPT_TST(&sb.revs->diffopt, ALLOW_TEXTCONV) &&
-		    textconv_object(path, o->mode, o->blob_sha1, (char **) &sb.final_buf,
+		    textconv_object(path, o->mode, o->blob_sha1, 1, (char **) &sb.final_buf,
 				    &sb.final_buf_size))
 			;
 		else
diff --git a/builtin/branch.c b/builtin/branch.c
index 0e060f2..0836890 100644
--- a/builtin/branch.c
+++ b/builtin/branch.c
@@ -17,12 +17,14 @@
 #include "revision.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "column.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+#include "wt-status.h"
 
 static const char * const builtin_branch_usage[] = {
-	"git branch [options] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]",
-	"git branch [options] [-l] [-f] <branchname> [<start-point>]",
-	"git branch [options] [-r] (-d | -D) <branchname>...",
-	"git branch [options] (-m | -M) [<oldbranch>] <newbranch>",
+	N_("git branch [options] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"),
+	N_("git branch [options] [-l] [-f] <branchname> [<start-point>]"),
+	N_("git branch [options] [-r] (-d | -D) <branchname>..."),
+	N_("git branch [options] (-m | -M) [<oldbranch>] <newbranch>"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -39,13 +41,15 @@
 	GIT_COLOR_RED,		/* REMOTE */
 	GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,	/* LOCAL */
 	GIT_COLOR_GREEN,	/* CURRENT */
+	GIT_COLOR_BLUE,		/* UPSTREAM */
 };
 enum color_branch {
 	BRANCH_COLOR_RESET = 0,
 	BRANCH_COLOR_PLAIN = 1,
 	BRANCH_COLOR_REMOTE = 2,
 	BRANCH_COLOR_LOCAL = 3,
-	BRANCH_COLOR_CURRENT = 4
+	BRANCH_COLOR_CURRENT = 4,
+	BRANCH_COLOR_UPSTREAM = 5
 };
 
 static enum merge_filter {
@@ -70,6 +74,8 @@
 		return BRANCH_COLOR_LOCAL;
 	if (!strcasecmp(var+ofs, "current"))
 		return BRANCH_COLOR_CURRENT;
+	if (!strcasecmp(var+ofs, "upstream"))
+		return BRANCH_COLOR_UPSTREAM;
 	return -1;
 }
 
@@ -129,7 +135,7 @@
 	if (!reference_rev)
 		reference_rev = head_rev;
 
-	merged = in_merge_bases(rev, &reference_rev, 1);
+	merged = in_merge_bases(rev, reference_rev);
 
 	/*
 	 * After the safety valve is fully redefined to "check with
@@ -139,7 +145,7 @@
 	 * a gentle reminder is in order.
 	 */
 	if ((head_rev != reference_rev) &&
-	    in_merge_bases(rev, &head_rev, 1) != merged) {
+	    in_merge_bases(rev, head_rev) != merged) {
 		if (merged)
 			warning(_("deleting branch '%s' that has been merged to\n"
 				"         '%s', but not yet merged to HEAD."),
@@ -153,10 +159,37 @@
 	return merged;
 }
 
+static int check_branch_commit(const char *branchname, const char *refname,
+			       unsigned char *sha1, struct commit *head_rev,
+			       int kinds, int force)
+{
+	struct commit *rev = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
+	if (!rev) {
+		error(_("Couldn't look up commit object for '%s'"), refname);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	if (!force && !branch_merged(kinds, branchname, rev, head_rev)) {
+		error(_("The branch '%s' is not fully merged.\n"
+		      "If you are sure you want to delete it, "
+		      "run 'git branch -D %s'."), branchname, branchname);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void delete_branch_config(const char *branchname)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "branch.%s", branchname);
+	if (git_config_rename_section(buf.buf, NULL) < 0)
+		warning(_("Update of config-file failed"));
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+}
+
 static int delete_branches(int argc, const char **argv, int force, int kinds,
 			   int quiet)
 {
-	struct commit *rev, *head_rev = NULL;
+	struct commit *head_rev = NULL;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	char *name = NULL;
 	const char *fmt;
@@ -186,6 +219,9 @@
 			die(_("Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD"));
 	}
 	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++, strbuf_release(&bname)) {
+		const char *target;
+		int flags = 0;
+
 		strbuf_branchname(&bname, argv[i]);
 		if (kinds == REF_LOCAL_BRANCH && !strcmp(head, bname.buf)) {
 			error(_("Cannot delete the branch '%s' "
@@ -196,8 +232,10 @@
 
 		free(name);
 
-		name = xstrdup(mkpath(fmt, bname.buf));
-		if (read_ref(name, sha1)) {
+		name = mkpathdup(fmt, bname.buf);
+		target = resolve_ref_unsafe(name, sha1, 0, &flags);
+		if (!target ||
+		    (!(flags & REF_ISSYMREF) && is_null_sha1(sha1))) {
 			error(remote_branch
 			      ? _("remote branch '%s' not found.")
 			      : _("branch '%s' not found."), bname.buf);
@@ -205,40 +243,31 @@
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		rev = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
-		if (!rev) {
-			error(_("Couldn't look up commit object for '%s'"), name);
+		if (!(flags & REF_ISSYMREF) &&
+		    check_branch_commit(bname.buf, name, sha1, head_rev, kinds,
+					force)) {
 			ret = 1;
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		if (!force && !branch_merged(kinds, bname.buf, rev, head_rev)) {
-			error(_("The branch '%s' is not fully merged.\n"
-			      "If you are sure you want to delete it, "
-			      "run 'git branch -D %s'."), bname.buf, bname.buf);
-			ret = 1;
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		if (delete_ref(name, sha1, 0)) {
+		if (delete_ref(name, sha1, REF_NODEREF)) {
 			error(remote_branch
 			      ? _("Error deleting remote branch '%s'")
 			      : _("Error deleting branch '%s'"),
 			      bname.buf);
 			ret = 1;
-		} else {
-			struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-			if (!quiet)
-				printf(remote_branch
-				       ? _("Deleted remote branch %s (was %s).\n")
-				       : _("Deleted branch %s (was %s).\n"),
-				       bname.buf,
-				       find_unique_abbrev(sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
-			strbuf_addf(&buf, "branch.%s", bname.buf);
-			if (git_config_rename_section(buf.buf, NULL) < 0)
-				warning(_("Update of config-file failed"));
-			strbuf_release(&buf);
+			continue;
 		}
+		if (!quiet) {
+			printf(remote_branch
+			       ? _("Deleted remote branch %s (was %s).\n")
+			       : _("Deleted branch %s (was %s).\n"),
+			       bname.buf,
+			       (flags & REF_ISSYMREF)
+			       ? target
+			       : find_unique_abbrev(sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+		}
+		delete_branch_config(bname.buf);
 	}
 
 	free(name);
@@ -249,7 +278,7 @@
 struct ref_item {
 	char *name;
 	char *dest;
-	unsigned int kind, len;
+	unsigned int kind, width;
 	struct commit *commit;
 };
 
@@ -354,14 +383,14 @@
 	newitem->name = xstrdup(refname);
 	newitem->kind = kind;
 	newitem->commit = commit;
-	newitem->len = strlen(refname);
+	newitem->width = utf8_strwidth(refname);
 	newitem->dest = resolve_symref(orig_refname, prefix);
 	/* adjust for "remotes/" */
 	if (newitem->kind == REF_REMOTE_BRANCH &&
 	    ref_list->kinds != REF_REMOTE_BRANCH)
-		newitem->len += 8;
-	if (newitem->len > ref_list->maxwidth)
-		ref_list->maxwidth = newitem->len;
+		newitem->width += 8;
+	if (newitem->width > ref_list->maxwidth)
+		ref_list->maxwidth = newitem->width;
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -393,36 +422,52 @@
 	int ours, theirs;
 	char *ref = NULL;
 	struct branch *branch = branch_get(branch_name);
+	struct strbuf fancy = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	if (!stat_tracking_info(branch, &ours, &theirs)) {
 		if (branch && branch->merge && branch->merge[0]->dst &&
-		    show_upstream_ref)
-			strbuf_addf(stat, "[%s] ",
-			    shorten_unambiguous_ref(branch->merge[0]->dst, 0));
+		    show_upstream_ref) {
+			ref = shorten_unambiguous_ref(branch->merge[0]->dst, 0);
+			if (want_color(branch_use_color))
+				strbuf_addf(stat, "[%s%s%s] ",
+						branch_get_color(BRANCH_COLOR_UPSTREAM),
+						ref, branch_get_color(BRANCH_COLOR_RESET));
+			else
+				strbuf_addf(stat, "[%s] ", ref);
+		}
 		return;
 	}
 
-	if (show_upstream_ref)
+	if (show_upstream_ref) {
 		ref = shorten_unambiguous_ref(branch->merge[0]->dst, 0);
+		if (want_color(branch_use_color))
+			strbuf_addf(&fancy, "%s%s%s",
+					branch_get_color(BRANCH_COLOR_UPSTREAM),
+					ref, branch_get_color(BRANCH_COLOR_RESET));
+		else
+			strbuf_addstr(&fancy, ref);
+	}
+
 	if (!ours) {
 		if (ref)
-			strbuf_addf(stat, _("[%s: behind %d]"), ref, theirs);
+			strbuf_addf(stat, _("[%s: behind %d]"), fancy.buf, theirs);
 		else
 			strbuf_addf(stat, _("[behind %d]"), theirs);
 
 	} else if (!theirs) {
 		if (ref)
-			strbuf_addf(stat, _("[%s: ahead %d]"), ref, ours);
+			strbuf_addf(stat, _("[%s: ahead %d]"), fancy.buf, ours);
 		else
 			strbuf_addf(stat, _("[ahead %d]"), ours);
 	} else {
 		if (ref)
 			strbuf_addf(stat, _("[%s: ahead %d, behind %d]"),
-				    ref, ours, theirs);
+				    fancy.buf, ours, theirs);
 		else
 			strbuf_addf(stat, _("[ahead %d, behind %d]"),
 				    ours, theirs);
 	}
+	strbuf_release(&fancy);
 	strbuf_addch(stat, ' ');
 	free(ref);
 }
@@ -442,7 +487,7 @@
 			     int verbose, int abbrev)
 {
 	struct strbuf subject = STRBUF_INIT, stat = STRBUF_INIT;
-	const char *sub = " **** invalid ref ****";
+	const char *sub = _(" **** invalid ref ****");
 	struct commit *commit = item->commit;
 
 	if (commit && !parse_commit(commit)) {
@@ -490,11 +535,12 @@
 	}
 
 	strbuf_addf(&name, "%s%s", prefix, item->name);
-	if (verbose)
+	if (verbose) {
+		int utf8_compensation = strlen(name.buf) - utf8_strwidth(name.buf);
 		strbuf_addf(&out, "%c %s%-*s%s", c, branch_get_color(color),
-			    maxwidth, name.buf,
+			    maxwidth + utf8_compensation, name.buf,
 			    branch_get_color(BRANCH_COLOR_RESET));
-	else
+	} else
 		strbuf_addf(&out, "%c %s%s%s", c, branch_get_color(color),
 			    name.buf, branch_get_color(BRANCH_COLOR_RESET));
 
@@ -519,12 +565,35 @@
 	for (i = 0; i < refs->index; i++) {
 		if (!matches_merge_filter(refs->list[i].commit))
 			continue;
-		if (refs->list[i].len > w)
-			w = refs->list[i].len;
+		if (refs->list[i].width > w)
+			w = refs->list[i].width;
 	}
 	return w;
 }
 
+static char *get_head_description(void)
+{
+	struct strbuf desc = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct wt_status_state state;
+	memset(&state, 0, sizeof(state));
+	wt_status_get_state(&state, 1);
+	if (state.rebase_in_progress ||
+	    state.rebase_interactive_in_progress)
+		strbuf_addf(&desc, _("(no branch, rebasing %s)"),
+			    state.branch);
+	else if (state.bisect_in_progress)
+		strbuf_addf(&desc, _("(no branch, bisect started on %s)"),
+			    state.branch);
+	else if (state.detached_from)
+		strbuf_addf(&desc, _("(detached from %s)"),
+			    state.detached_from);
+	else
+		strbuf_addstr(&desc, _("(no branch)"));
+	free(state.branch);
+	free(state.onto);
+	free(state.detached_from);
+	return strbuf_detach(&desc, NULL);
+}
 
 static void show_detached(struct ref_list *ref_list)
 {
@@ -532,13 +601,13 @@
 
 	if (head_commit && is_descendant_of(head_commit, ref_list->with_commit)) {
 		struct ref_item item;
-		item.name = xstrdup(_("(no branch)"));
-		item.len = strlen(item.name);
+		item.name = get_head_description();
+		item.width = utf8_strwidth(item.name);
 		item.kind = REF_LOCAL_BRANCH;
 		item.dest = NULL;
 		item.commit = head_commit;
-		if (item.len > ref_list->maxwidth)
-			ref_list->maxwidth = item.len;
+		if (item.width > ref_list->maxwidth)
+			ref_list->maxwidth = item.width;
 		print_ref_item(&item, ref_list->maxwidth, ref_list->verbose, ref_list->abbrev, 1, "");
 		free(item.name);
 	}
@@ -565,7 +634,7 @@
 		struct commit *filter;
 		filter = lookup_commit_reference_gently(merge_filter_ref, 0);
 		if (!filter)
-			die("object '%s' does not point to a commit",
+			die(_("object '%s' does not point to a commit"),
 			    sha1_to_hex(merge_filter_ref));
 
 		filter->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
@@ -681,11 +750,11 @@
 	read_branch_desc(&buf, branch_name);
 	if (!buf.len || buf.buf[buf.len-1] != '\n')
 		strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
-	strbuf_addf(&buf,
-		    "# Please edit the description for the branch\n"
-		    "#   %s\n"
-		    "# Lines starting with '#' will be stripped.\n",
-		    branch_name);
+	strbuf_commented_addf(&buf,
+		    "Please edit the description for the branch\n"
+		    "  %s\n"
+		    "Lines starting with '%c' will be stripped.\n",
+		    branch_name, comment_line_char);
 	fp = fopen(git_path(edit_description), "w");
 	if ((fwrite(buf.buf, 1, buf.len, fp) < buf.len) || fclose(fp)) {
 		strbuf_release(&buf);
@@ -700,7 +769,7 @@
 	stripspace(&buf, 1);
 
 	strbuf_addf(&name, "branch.%s.description", branch_name);
-	status = git_config_set(name.buf, buf.buf);
+	status = git_config_set(name.buf, buf.len ? buf.buf : NULL);
 	strbuf_release(&name);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 
@@ -712,62 +781,65 @@
 	int delete = 0, rename = 0, force_create = 0, list = 0;
 	int verbose = 0, abbrev = -1, detached = 0;
 	int reflog = 0, edit_description = 0;
-	int quiet = 0;
+	int quiet = 0, unset_upstream = 0;
+	const char *new_upstream = NULL;
 	enum branch_track track;
 	int kinds = REF_LOCAL_BRANCH;
 	struct commit_list *with_commit = NULL;
 
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_GROUP("Generic options"),
+		OPT_GROUP(N_("Generic options")),
 		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose,
-			"show hash and subject, give twice for upstream branch"),
-		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, "suppress informational messages"),
-		OPT_SET_INT('t', "track",  &track, "set up tracking mode (see git-pull(1))",
+			N_("show hash and subject, give twice for upstream branch")),
+		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("suppress informational messages")),
+		OPT_SET_INT('t', "track",  &track, N_("set up tracking mode (see git-pull(1))"),
 			BRANCH_TRACK_EXPLICIT),
-		OPT_SET_INT( 0, "set-upstream",  &track, "change upstream info",
+		OPT_SET_INT( 0, "set-upstream",  &track, N_("change upstream info"),
 			BRANCH_TRACK_OVERRIDE),
-		OPT__COLOR(&branch_use_color, "use colored output"),
-		OPT_SET_INT('r', "remotes",     &kinds, "act on remote-tracking branches",
+		OPT_STRING('u', "set-upstream-to", &new_upstream, "upstream", "change the upstream info"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "unset-upstream", &unset_upstream, "Unset the upstream info"),
+		OPT__COLOR(&branch_use_color, N_("use colored output")),
+		OPT_SET_INT('r', "remotes",     &kinds, N_("act on remote-tracking branches"),
 			REF_REMOTE_BRANCH),
 		{
-			OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "contains", &with_commit, "commit",
-			"print only branches that contain the commit",
+			OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "contains", &with_commit, N_("commit"),
+			N_("print only branches that contain the commit"),
 			PARSE_OPT_LASTARG_DEFAULT,
 			parse_opt_with_commit, (intptr_t)"HEAD",
 		},
 		{
-			OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "with", &with_commit, "commit",
-			"print only branches that contain the commit",
+			OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "with", &with_commit, N_("commit"),
+			N_("print only branches that contain the commit"),
 			PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN | PARSE_OPT_LASTARG_DEFAULT,
 			parse_opt_with_commit, (intptr_t) "HEAD",
 		},
 		OPT__ABBREV(&abbrev),
 
-		OPT_GROUP("Specific git-branch actions:"),
-		OPT_SET_INT('a', "all", &kinds, "list both remote-tracking and local branches",
+		OPT_GROUP(N_("Specific git-branch actions:")),
+		OPT_SET_INT('a', "all", &kinds, N_("list both remote-tracking and local branches"),
 			REF_REMOTE_BRANCH | REF_LOCAL_BRANCH),
-		OPT_BIT('d', "delete", &delete, "delete fully merged branch", 1),
-		OPT_BIT('D', NULL, &delete, "delete branch (even if not merged)", 2),
-		OPT_BIT('m', "move", &rename, "move/rename a branch and its reflog", 1),
-		OPT_BIT('M', NULL, &rename, "move/rename a branch, even if target exists", 2),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "list", &list, "list branch names"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('l', "create-reflog", &reflog, "create the branch's reflog"),
+		OPT_BIT('d', "delete", &delete, N_("delete fully merged branch"), 1),
+		OPT_BIT('D', NULL, &delete, N_("delete branch (even if not merged)"), 2),
+		OPT_BIT('m', "move", &rename, N_("move/rename a branch and its reflog"), 1),
+		OPT_BIT('M', NULL, &rename, N_("move/rename a branch, even if target exists"), 2),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "list", &list, N_("list branch names")),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('l', "create-reflog", &reflog, N_("create the branch's reflog")),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "edit-description", &edit_description,
-			    "edit the description for the branch"),
-		OPT__FORCE(&force_create, "force creation (when already exists)"),
+			    N_("edit the description for the branch")),
+		OPT__FORCE(&force_create, N_("force creation (when already exists)")),
 		{
 			OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "no-merged", &merge_filter_ref,
-			"commit", "print only not merged branches",
+			N_("commit"), N_("print only not merged branches"),
 			PARSE_OPT_LASTARG_DEFAULT | PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
 			opt_parse_merge_filter, (intptr_t) "HEAD",
 		},
 		{
 			OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "merged", &merge_filter_ref,
-			"commit", "print only merged branches",
+			N_("commit"), N_("print only merged branches"),
 			PARSE_OPT_LASTARG_DEFAULT | PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
 			opt_parse_merge_filter, (intptr_t) "HEAD",
 		},
-		OPT_COLUMN(0, "column", &colopts, "list branches in columns"),
+		OPT_COLUMN(0, "column", &colopts, N_("list branches in columns")),
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 
@@ -794,10 +866,13 @@
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, builtin_branch_usage,
 			     0);
 
-	if (!delete && !rename && !edit_description && argc == 0)
+	if (!delete && !rename && !edit_description && !new_upstream && !unset_upstream && argc == 0)
 		list = 1;
 
-	if (!!delete + !!rename + !!force_create + !!list > 1)
+	if (with_commit || merge_filter != NO_FILTER)
+		list = 1;
+
+	if (!!delete + !!rename + !!force_create + !!list + !!new_upstream + !!unset_upstream > 1)
 		usage_with_options(builtin_branch_usage, options);
 
 	if (abbrev == -1)
@@ -809,9 +884,11 @@
 		colopts = 0;
 	}
 
-	if (delete)
+	if (delete) {
+		if (!argc)
+			die(_("branch name required"));
 		return delete_branches(argc, argv, delete > 1, kinds, quiet);
-	else if (list) {
+	} else if (list) {
 		int ret = print_ref_list(kinds, detached, verbose, abbrev,
 					 with_commit, argv);
 		print_columns(&output, colopts, NULL);
@@ -822,41 +899,122 @@
 		const char *branch_name;
 		struct strbuf branch_ref = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-		if (detached)
-			die("Cannot give description to detached HEAD");
-		if (!argc)
+		if (!argc) {
+			if (detached)
+				die(_("Cannot give description to detached HEAD"));
 			branch_name = head;
-		else if (argc == 1)
+		} else if (argc == 1)
 			branch_name = argv[0];
 		else
-			usage_with_options(builtin_branch_usage, options);
+			die(_("cannot edit description of more than one branch"));
 
 		strbuf_addf(&branch_ref, "refs/heads/%s", branch_name);
 		if (!ref_exists(branch_ref.buf)) {
 			strbuf_release(&branch_ref);
 
 			if (!argc)
-				return error("No commit on branch '%s' yet.",
+				return error(_("No commit on branch '%s' yet."),
 					     branch_name);
 			else
-				return error("No such branch '%s'.", branch_name);
+				return error(_("No branch named '%s'."),
+					     branch_name);
 		}
 		strbuf_release(&branch_ref);
 
 		if (edit_branch_description(branch_name))
 			return 1;
 	} else if (rename) {
-		if (argc == 1)
+		if (!argc)
+			die(_("branch name required"));
+		else if (argc == 1)
 			rename_branch(head, argv[0], rename > 1);
 		else if (argc == 2)
 			rename_branch(argv[0], argv[1], rename > 1);
 		else
-			usage_with_options(builtin_branch_usage, options);
+			die(_("too many branches for a rename operation"));
+	} else if (new_upstream) {
+		struct branch *branch = branch_get(argv[0]);
+
+		if (argc > 1)
+			die(_("too many branches to set new upstream"));
+
+		if (!branch) {
+			if (!argc || !strcmp(argv[0], "HEAD"))
+				die(_("could not set upstream of HEAD to %s when "
+				      "it does not point to any branch."),
+				    new_upstream);
+			die(_("no such branch '%s'"), argv[0]);
+		}
+
+		if (!ref_exists(branch->refname))
+			die(_("branch '%s' does not exist"), branch->name);
+
+		/*
+		 * create_branch takes care of setting up the tracking
+		 * info and making sure new_upstream is correct
+		 */
+		create_branch(head, branch->name, new_upstream, 0, 0, 0, quiet, BRANCH_TRACK_OVERRIDE);
+	} else if (unset_upstream) {
+		struct branch *branch = branch_get(argv[0]);
+		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		if (argc > 1)
+			die(_("too many branches to unset upstream"));
+
+		if (!branch) {
+			if (!argc || !strcmp(argv[0], "HEAD"))
+				die(_("could not unset upstream of HEAD when "
+				      "it does not point to any branch."));
+			die(_("no such branch '%s'"), argv[0]);
+		}
+
+		if (!branch_has_merge_config(branch)) {
+			die(_("Branch '%s' has no upstream information"), branch->name);
+		}
+
+		strbuf_addf(&buf, "branch.%s.remote", branch->name);
+		git_config_set_multivar(buf.buf, NULL, NULL, 1);
+		strbuf_reset(&buf);
+		strbuf_addf(&buf, "branch.%s.merge", branch->name);
+		git_config_set_multivar(buf.buf, NULL, NULL, 1);
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
 	} else if (argc > 0 && argc <= 2) {
+		struct branch *branch = branch_get(argv[0]);
+		int branch_existed = 0, remote_tracking = 0;
+		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		if (!strcmp(argv[0], "HEAD"))
+			die(_("it does not make sense to create 'HEAD' manually"));
+
+		if (!branch)
+			die(_("no such branch '%s'"), argv[0]);
+
 		if (kinds != REF_LOCAL_BRANCH)
 			die(_("-a and -r options to 'git branch' do not make sense with a branch name"));
+
+		if (track == BRANCH_TRACK_OVERRIDE)
+			fprintf(stderr, _("The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using --track or --set-upstream-to\n"));
+
+		strbuf_addf(&buf, "refs/remotes/%s", branch->name);
+		remote_tracking = ref_exists(buf.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
+
+		branch_existed = ref_exists(branch->refname);
 		create_branch(head, argv[0], (argc == 2) ? argv[1] : head,
 			      force_create, reflog, 0, quiet, track);
+
+		/*
+		 * We only show the instructions if the user gave us
+		 * one branch which doesn't exist locally, but is the
+		 * name of a remote-tracking branch.
+		 */
+		if (argc == 1 && track == BRANCH_TRACK_OVERRIDE &&
+		    !branch_existed && remote_tracking) {
+			fprintf(stderr, _("\nIf you wanted to make '%s' track '%s', do this:\n\n"), head, branch->name);
+			fprintf(stderr, _("    git branch -d %s\n"), branch->name);
+			fprintf(stderr, _("    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"), branch->name);
+		}
+
 	} else
 		usage_with_options(builtin_branch_usage, options);
 
diff --git a/builtin/cat-file.c b/builtin/cat-file.c
index 36a9104..045cee7 100644
--- a/builtin/cat-file.c
+++ b/builtin/cat-file.c
@@ -16,73 +16,6 @@
 #define BATCH 1
 #define BATCH_CHECK 2
 
-static void pprint_tag(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *buf, unsigned long size)
-{
-	/* the parser in tag.c is useless here. */
-	const char *endp = buf + size;
-	const char *cp = buf;
-
-	while (cp < endp) {
-		char c = *cp++;
-		if (c != '\n')
-			continue;
-		if (7 <= endp - cp && !memcmp("tagger ", cp, 7)) {
-			const char *tagger = cp;
-
-			/* Found the tagger line.  Copy out the contents
-			 * of the buffer so far.
-			 */
-			write_or_die(1, buf, cp - buf);
-
-			/*
-			 * Do something intelligent, like pretty-printing
-			 * the date.
-			 */
-			while (cp < endp) {
-				if (*cp++ == '\n') {
-					/* tagger to cp is a line
-					 * that has ident and time.
-					 */
-					const char *sp = tagger;
-					char *ep;
-					unsigned long date;
-					long tz;
-					while (sp < cp && *sp != '>')
-						sp++;
-					if (sp == cp) {
-						/* give up */
-						write_or_die(1, tagger,
-							     cp - tagger);
-						break;
-					}
-					while (sp < cp &&
-					       !('0' <= *sp && *sp <= '9'))
-						sp++;
-					write_or_die(1, tagger, sp - tagger);
-					date = strtoul(sp, &ep, 10);
-					tz = strtol(ep, NULL, 10);
-					sp = show_date(date, tz, 0);
-					write_or_die(1, sp, strlen(sp));
-					xwrite(1, "\n", 1);
-					break;
-				}
-			}
-			break;
-		}
-		if (cp < endp && *cp == '\n')
-			/* end of header */
-			break;
-	}
-	/* At this point, we have copied out the header up to the end of
-	 * the tagger line and cp points at one past \n.  It could be the
-	 * next header line after the tagger line, or it could be another
-	 * \n that marks the end of the headers.  We need to copy out the
-	 * remainder as is.
-	 */
-	if (cp < endp)
-		write_or_die(1, cp, endp - cp);
-}
-
 static int cat_one_file(int opt, const char *exp_type, const char *obj_name)
 {
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
@@ -91,7 +24,7 @@
 	unsigned long size;
 	struct object_context obj_context;
 
-	if (get_sha1_with_context(obj_name, sha1, &obj_context))
+	if (get_sha1_with_context(obj_name, 0, sha1, &obj_context))
 		die("Not a valid object name %s", obj_name);
 
 	buf = NULL;
@@ -133,10 +66,6 @@
 		buf = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
 		if (!buf)
 			die("Cannot read object %s", obj_name);
-		if (type == OBJ_TAG) {
-			pprint_tag(sha1, buf, size);
-			return 0;
-		}
 
 		/* otherwise just spit out the data */
 		break;
@@ -146,7 +75,7 @@
 			die("git cat-file --textconv %s: <object> must be <sha1:path>",
 			    obj_name);
 
-		if (!textconv_object(obj_context.path, obj_context.mode, sha1, &buf, &size))
+		if (!textconv_object(obj_context.path, obj_context.mode, sha1, 1, &buf, &size))
 			die("git cat-file --textconv: unable to run textconv on %s",
 			    obj_name);
 		break;
@@ -193,7 +122,7 @@
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	enum object_type type = 0;
 	unsigned long size;
-	void *contents = contents;
+	void *contents = NULL;
 
 	if (!obj_name)
 	   return 1;
@@ -244,8 +173,8 @@
 }
 
 static const char * const cat_file_usage[] = {
-	"git cat-file (-t|-s|-e|-p|<type>|--textconv) <object>",
-	"git cat-file (--batch|--batch-check) < <list_of_objects>",
+	N_("git cat-file (-t|-s|-e|-p|<type>|--textconv) <object>"),
+	N_("git cat-file (--batch|--batch-check) < <list_of_objects>"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -263,19 +192,19 @@
 	const char *exp_type = NULL, *obj_name = NULL;
 
 	const struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_GROUP("<type> can be one of: blob, tree, commit, tag"),
-		OPT_SET_INT('t', NULL, &opt, "show object type", 't'),
-		OPT_SET_INT('s', NULL, &opt, "show object size", 's'),
+		OPT_GROUP(N_("<type> can be one of: blob, tree, commit, tag")),
+		OPT_SET_INT('t', NULL, &opt, N_("show object type"), 't'),
+		OPT_SET_INT('s', NULL, &opt, N_("show object size"), 's'),
 		OPT_SET_INT('e', NULL, &opt,
-			    "exit with zero when there's no error", 'e'),
-		OPT_SET_INT('p', NULL, &opt, "pretty-print object's content", 'p'),
+			    N_("exit with zero when there's no error"), 'e'),
+		OPT_SET_INT('p', NULL, &opt, N_("pretty-print object's content"), 'p'),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "textconv", &opt,
-			    "for blob objects, run textconv on object's content", 'c'),
+			    N_("for blob objects, run textconv on object's content"), 'c'),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "batch", &batch,
-			    "show info and content of objects fed from the standard input",
+			    N_("show info and content of objects fed from the standard input"),
 			    BATCH),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "batch-check", &batch,
-			    "show info about objects fed from the standard input",
+			    N_("show info about objects fed from the standard input"),
 			    BATCH_CHECK),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
diff --git a/builtin/check-attr.c b/builtin/check-attr.c
index 44c421e..075d01d 100644
--- a/builtin/check-attr.c
+++ b/builtin/check-attr.c
@@ -8,19 +8,19 @@
 static int cached_attrs;
 static int stdin_paths;
 static const char * const check_attr_usage[] = {
-"git check-attr [-a | --all | attr...] [--] pathname...",
-"git check-attr --stdin [-a | --all | attr...] < <list-of-paths>",
+N_("git check-attr [-a | --all | attr...] [--] pathname..."),
+N_("git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | attr...] < <list-of-paths>"),
 NULL
 };
 
 static int null_term_line;
 
 static const struct option check_attr_options[] = {
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "all", &all_attrs, "report all attributes set on file"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0,  "cached", &cached_attrs, "use .gitattributes only from the index"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0 , "stdin", &stdin_paths, "read file names from stdin"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "all", &all_attrs, N_("report all attributes set on file")),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0,  "cached", &cached_attrs, N_("use .gitattributes only from the index")),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0 , "stdin", &stdin_paths, N_("read file names from stdin")),
 	OPT_BOOLEAN('z', NULL, &null_term_line,
-		"input paths are terminated by a null character"),
+		N_("input paths are terminated by a null character")),
 	OPT_END()
 };
 
diff --git a/builtin/check-ignore.c b/builtin/check-ignore.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..854a88a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin/check-ignore.c
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+#include "quote.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+
+static int quiet, verbose, stdin_paths;
+static const char * const check_ignore_usage[] = {
+"git check-ignore [options] pathname...",
+"git check-ignore [options] --stdin < <list-of-paths>",
+NULL
+};
+
+static int null_term_line;
+
+static const struct option check_ignore_options[] = {
+	OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("suppress progress reporting")),
+	OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("be verbose")),
+	OPT_GROUP(""),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "stdin", &stdin_paths,
+		    N_("read file names from stdin")),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN('z', NULL, &null_term_line,
+		    N_("input paths are terminated by a null character")),
+	OPT_END()
+};
+
+static void output_exclude(const char *path, struct exclude *exclude)
+{
+	char *bang  = exclude->flags & EXC_FLAG_NEGATIVE  ? "!" : "";
+	char *slash = exclude->flags & EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR ? "/" : "";
+	if (!null_term_line) {
+		if (!verbose) {
+			write_name_quoted(path, stdout, '\n');
+		} else {
+			quote_c_style(exclude->el->src, NULL, stdout, 0);
+			printf(":%d:%s%s%s\t",
+			       exclude->srcpos,
+			       bang, exclude->pattern, slash);
+			quote_c_style(path, NULL, stdout, 0);
+			fputc('\n', stdout);
+		}
+	} else {
+		if (!verbose) {
+			printf("%s%c", path, '\0');
+		} else {
+			printf("%s%c%d%c%s%s%s%c%s%c",
+			       exclude->el->src, '\0',
+			       exclude->srcpos, '\0',
+			       bang, exclude->pattern, slash, '\0',
+			       path, '\0');
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static int check_ignore(const char *prefix, const char **pathspec)
+{
+	struct dir_struct dir;
+	const char *path, *full_path;
+	char *seen;
+	int num_ignored = 0, dtype = DT_UNKNOWN, i;
+	struct exclude *exclude;
+
+	/* read_cache() is only necessary so we can watch out for submodules. */
+	if (read_cache() < 0)
+		die(_("index file corrupt"));
+
+	memset(&dir, 0, sizeof(dir));
+	setup_standard_excludes(&dir);
+
+	if (!pathspec || !*pathspec) {
+		if (!quiet)
+			fprintf(stderr, "no pathspec given.\n");
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * look for pathspecs matching entries in the index, since these
+	 * should not be ignored, in order to be consistent with
+	 * 'git status', 'git add' etc.
+	 */
+	seen = find_pathspecs_matching_against_index(pathspec);
+	for (i = 0; pathspec[i]; i++) {
+		path = pathspec[i];
+		full_path = prefix_path(prefix, prefix
+					? strlen(prefix) : 0, path);
+		full_path = check_path_for_gitlink(full_path);
+		die_if_path_beyond_symlink(full_path, prefix);
+		if (!seen[i]) {
+			exclude = last_exclude_matching(&dir, full_path, &dtype);
+			if (exclude) {
+				if (!quiet)
+					output_exclude(path, exclude);
+				num_ignored++;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	free(seen);
+	clear_directory(&dir);
+
+	return num_ignored;
+}
+
+static int check_ignore_stdin_paths(const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf, nbuf;
+	char **pathspec = NULL;
+	size_t nr = 0, alloc = 0;
+	int line_termination = null_term_line ? 0 : '\n';
+	int num_ignored;
+
+	strbuf_init(&buf, 0);
+	strbuf_init(&nbuf, 0);
+	while (strbuf_getline(&buf, stdin, line_termination) != EOF) {
+		if (line_termination && buf.buf[0] == '"') {
+			strbuf_reset(&nbuf);
+			if (unquote_c_style(&nbuf, buf.buf, NULL))
+				die("line is badly quoted");
+			strbuf_swap(&buf, &nbuf);
+		}
+		ALLOC_GROW(pathspec, nr + 1, alloc);
+		pathspec[nr] = xcalloc(strlen(buf.buf) + 1, sizeof(*buf.buf));
+		strcpy(pathspec[nr++], buf.buf);
+	}
+	ALLOC_GROW(pathspec, nr + 1, alloc);
+	pathspec[nr] = NULL;
+	num_ignored = check_ignore(prefix, (const char **)pathspec);
+	maybe_flush_or_die(stdout, "attribute to stdout");
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	strbuf_release(&nbuf);
+	free(pathspec);
+	return num_ignored;
+}
+
+int cmd_check_ignore(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int num_ignored;
+
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, check_ignore_options,
+			     check_ignore_usage, 0);
+
+	if (stdin_paths) {
+		if (argc > 0)
+			die(_("cannot specify pathnames with --stdin"));
+	} else {
+		if (null_term_line)
+			die(_("-z only makes sense with --stdin"));
+		if (argc == 0)
+			die(_("no path specified"));
+	}
+	if (quiet) {
+		if (argc > 1)
+			die(_("--quiet is only valid with a single pathname"));
+		if (verbose)
+			die(_("cannot have both --quiet and --verbose"));
+	}
+
+	if (stdin_paths) {
+		num_ignored = check_ignore_stdin_paths(prefix);
+	} else {
+		num_ignored = check_ignore(prefix, argv);
+		maybe_flush_or_die(stdout, "ignore to stdout");
+	}
+
+	return !num_ignored;
+}
diff --git a/builtin/checkout-index.c b/builtin/checkout-index.c
index c16d82b..b1feda7 100644
--- a/builtin/checkout-index.c
+++ b/builtin/checkout-index.c
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@
 }
 
 static const char * const builtin_checkout_index_usage[] = {
-	"git checkout-index [options] [--] [<file>...]",
+	N_("git checkout-index [options] [--] [<file>...]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -184,27 +184,27 @@
 	int force = 0, quiet = 0, not_new = 0;
 	struct option builtin_checkout_index_options[] = {
 		OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "all", &all,
-			"checks out all files in the index"),
-		OPT__FORCE(&force, "forces overwrite of existing files"),
+			N_("check out all files in the index")),
+		OPT__FORCE(&force, N_("force overwrite of existing files")),
 		OPT__QUIET(&quiet,
-			"no warning for existing files and files not in index"),
+			N_("no warning for existing files and files not in index")),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "no-create", &not_new,
-			"don't checkout new files"),
+			N_("don't checkout new files")),
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'u', "index", &newfd, NULL,
-			"update stat information in the index file",
+			N_("update stat information in the index file"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NOARG, option_parse_u },
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'z', NULL, NULL, NULL,
-			"paths are separated with NUL character",
+			N_("paths are separated with NUL character"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NOARG, option_parse_z },
 		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "stdin", &read_from_stdin,
-			"read list of paths from the standard input"),
+			N_("read list of paths from the standard input")),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "temp", &to_tempfile,
-			"write the content to temporary files"),
-		OPT_CALLBACK(0, "prefix", NULL, "string",
-			"when creating files, prepend <string>",
+			N_("write the content to temporary files")),
+		OPT_CALLBACK(0, "prefix", NULL, N_("string"),
+			N_("when creating files, prepend <string>"),
 			option_parse_prefix),
 		OPT_CALLBACK(0, "stage", NULL, NULL,
-			"copy out the files from named stage",
+			N_("copy out the files from named stage"),
 			option_parse_stage),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
diff --git a/builtin/checkout.c b/builtin/checkout.c
index e8c1b1f..f5b50e5 100644
--- a/builtin/checkout.c
+++ b/builtin/checkout.c
@@ -22,22 +22,20 @@
 #include "argv-array.h"
 
 static const char * const checkout_usage[] = {
-	"git checkout [options] <branch>",
-	"git checkout [options] [<branch>] -- <file>...",
+	N_("git checkout [options] <branch>"),
+	N_("git checkout [options] [<branch>] -- <file>..."),
 	NULL,
 };
 
 struct checkout_opts {
+	int patch_mode;
 	int quiet;
 	int merge;
 	int force;
 	int force_detach;
 	int writeout_stage;
-	int writeout_error;
 	int overwrite_ignore;
-
-	/* not set by parse_options */
-	int branch_exists;
+	int ignore_skipworktree;
 
 	const char *new_branch;
 	const char *new_branch_force;
@@ -45,6 +43,11 @@
 	int new_branch_log;
 	enum branch_track track;
 	struct diff_options diff_options;
+
+	int branch_exists;
+	const char *prefix;
+	const char **pathspec;
+	struct tree *source_tree;
 };
 
 static int post_checkout_hook(struct commit *old, struct commit *new,
@@ -73,7 +76,8 @@
 	hashcpy(ce->sha1, sha1);
 	memcpy(ce->name, base, baselen);
 	memcpy(ce->name + baselen, pathname, len - baselen);
-	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(len, 0) | CE_UPDATE;
+	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(0) | CE_UPDATE;
+	ce->ce_namelen = len;
 	ce->ce_mode = create_ce_mode(mode);
 	add_cache_entry(ce, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD | ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_REPLACE);
 	return 0;
@@ -214,8 +218,8 @@
 	return status;
 }
 
-static int checkout_paths(struct tree *source_tree, const char **pathspec,
-			  const char *prefix, struct checkout_opts *opts)
+static int checkout_paths(const struct checkout_opts *opts,
+			  const char *revision)
 {
 	int pos;
 	struct checkout state;
@@ -227,37 +231,98 @@
 	int stage = opts->writeout_stage;
 	int merge = opts->merge;
 	int newfd;
-	struct lock_file *lock_file = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
+	struct lock_file *lock_file;
+
+	if (opts->track != BRANCH_TRACK_UNSPECIFIED)
+		die(_("'%s' cannot be used with updating paths"), "--track");
+
+	if (opts->new_branch_log)
+		die(_("'%s' cannot be used with updating paths"), "-l");
+
+	if (opts->force && opts->patch_mode)
+		die(_("'%s' cannot be used with updating paths"), "-f");
+
+	if (opts->force_detach)
+		die(_("'%s' cannot be used with updating paths"), "--detach");
+
+	if (opts->merge && opts->patch_mode)
+		die(_("'%s' cannot be used with %s"), "--merge", "--patch");
+
+	if (opts->force && opts->merge)
+		die(_("'%s' cannot be used with %s"), "-f", "-m");
+
+	if (opts->new_branch)
+		die(_("Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time."),
+		    opts->new_branch);
+
+	if (opts->patch_mode)
+		return run_add_interactive(revision, "--patch=checkout",
+					   opts->pathspec);
+
+	lock_file = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
 
 	newfd = hold_locked_index(lock_file, 1);
-	if (read_cache_preload(pathspec) < 0)
+	if (read_cache_preload(opts->pathspec) < 0)
 		return error(_("corrupt index file"));
 
-	if (source_tree)
-		read_tree_some(source_tree, pathspec);
+	if (opts->source_tree)
+		read_tree_some(opts->source_tree, opts->pathspec);
 
-	for (pos = 0; pathspec[pos]; pos++)
+	for (pos = 0; opts->pathspec[pos]; pos++)
 		;
 	ps_matched = xcalloc(1, pos);
 
+	/*
+	 * Make sure all pathspecs participated in locating the paths
+	 * to be checked out.
+	 */
 	for (pos = 0; pos < active_nr; pos++) {
 		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
-		if (source_tree && !(ce->ce_flags & CE_UPDATE))
+		ce->ce_flags &= ~CE_MATCHED;
+		if (!opts->ignore_skipworktree && ce_skip_worktree(ce))
 			continue;
-		match_pathspec(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, ps_matched);
+		if (opts->source_tree && !(ce->ce_flags & CE_UPDATE))
+			/*
+			 * "git checkout tree-ish -- path", but this entry
+			 * is in the original index; it will not be checked
+			 * out to the working tree and it does not matter
+			 * if pathspec matched this entry.  We will not do
+			 * anything to this entry at all.
+			 */
+			continue;
+		/*
+		 * Either this entry came from the tree-ish we are
+		 * checking the paths out of, or we are checking out
+		 * of the index.
+		 *
+		 * If it comes from the tree-ish, we already know it
+		 * matches the pathspec and could just stamp
+		 * CE_MATCHED to it from update_some(). But we still
+		 * need ps_matched and read_tree_recursive (and
+		 * eventually tree_entry_interesting) cannot fill
+		 * ps_matched yet. Once it can, we can avoid calling
+		 * match_pathspec() for _all_ entries when
+		 * opts->source_tree != NULL.
+		 */
+		if (match_pathspec(opts->pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce),
+				   0, ps_matched))
+			ce->ce_flags |= CE_MATCHED;
 	}
 
-	if (report_path_error(ps_matched, pathspec, prefix))
+	if (report_path_error(ps_matched, opts->pathspec, opts->prefix)) {
+		free(ps_matched);
 		return 1;
+	}
+	free(ps_matched);
 
 	/* "checkout -m path" to recreate conflicted state */
 	if (opts->merge)
-		unmerge_cache(pathspec);
+		unmerge_marked_index(&the_index);
 
 	/* Any unmerged paths? */
 	for (pos = 0; pos < active_nr; pos++) {
 		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
-		if (match_pathspec(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, NULL)) {
+		if (ce->ce_flags & CE_MATCHED) {
 			if (!ce_stage(ce))
 				continue;
 			if (opts->force) {
@@ -282,9 +347,7 @@
 	state.refresh_cache = 1;
 	for (pos = 0; pos < active_nr; pos++) {
 		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
-		if (source_tree && !(ce->ce_flags & CE_UPDATE))
-			continue;
-		if (match_pathspec(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, NULL)) {
+		if (ce->ce_flags & CE_MATCHED) {
 			if (!ce_stage(ce)) {
 				errs |= checkout_entry(ce, &state, NULL);
 				continue;
@@ -308,15 +371,15 @@
 	return errs;
 }
 
-static void show_local_changes(struct object *head, struct diff_options *opts)
+static void show_local_changes(struct object *head,
+			       const struct diff_options *opts)
 {
 	struct rev_info rev;
 	/* I think we want full paths, even if we're in a subdirectory. */
 	init_revisions(&rev, NULL);
 	rev.diffopt.flags = opts->flags;
 	rev.diffopt.output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_NAME_STATUS;
-	if (diff_setup_done(&rev.diffopt) < 0)
-		die(_("diff_setup_done failed"));
+	diff_setup_done(&rev.diffopt);
 	add_pending_object(&rev, head, NULL);
 	run_diff_index(&rev, 0);
 }
@@ -331,7 +394,8 @@
 	strbuf_release(&sb);
 }
 
-static int reset_tree(struct tree *tree, struct checkout_opts *o, int worktree)
+static int reset_tree(struct tree *tree, const struct checkout_opts *o,
+		      int worktree, int *writeout_error)
 {
 	struct unpack_trees_options opts;
 	struct tree_desc tree_desc;
@@ -350,7 +414,7 @@
 	init_tree_desc(&tree_desc, tree->buffer, tree->size);
 	switch (unpack_trees(1, &tree_desc, &opts)) {
 	case -2:
-		o->writeout_error = 1;
+		*writeout_error = 1;
 		/*
 		 * We return 0 nevertheless, as the index is all right
 		 * and more importantly we have made best efforts to
@@ -381,8 +445,10 @@
 	branch->path = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 }
 
-static int merge_working_tree(struct checkout_opts *opts,
-			      struct branch_info *old, struct branch_info *new)
+static int merge_working_tree(const struct checkout_opts *opts,
+			      struct branch_info *old,
+			      struct branch_info *new,
+			      int *writeout_error)
 {
 	int ret;
 	struct lock_file *lock_file = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
@@ -393,7 +459,7 @@
 
 	resolve_undo_clear();
 	if (opts->force) {
-		ret = reset_tree(new->commit->tree, opts, 1);
+		ret = reset_tree(new->commit->tree, opts, 1, writeout_error);
 		if (ret)
 			return ret;
 	} else {
@@ -479,7 +545,8 @@
 			o.verbosity = 0;
 			work = write_tree_from_memory(&o);
 
-			ret = reset_tree(new->commit->tree, opts, 1);
+			ret = reset_tree(new->commit->tree, opts, 1,
+					 writeout_error);
 			if (ret)
 				return ret;
 			o.ancestor = old->name;
@@ -487,7 +554,8 @@
 			o.branch2 = "local";
 			merge_trees(&o, new->commit->tree, work,
 				old->commit->tree, &result);
-			ret = reset_tree(new->commit->tree, opts, 0);
+			ret = reset_tree(new->commit->tree, opts, 0,
+					 writeout_error);
 			if (ret)
 				return ret;
 		}
@@ -514,7 +582,7 @@
 	strbuf_release(&sb);
 }
 
-static void update_refs_for_switch(struct checkout_opts *opts,
+static void update_refs_for_switch(const struct checkout_opts *opts,
 				   struct branch_info *old,
 				   struct branch_info *new)
 {
@@ -605,7 +673,7 @@
 					 const unsigned char *sha1,
 					 int flags, void *cb_data)
 {
-	add_pending_sha1(cb_data, refname, sha1, flags | UNINTERESTING);
+	add_pending_sha1(cb_data, refname, sha1, UNINTERESTING);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -664,7 +732,7 @@
 			"If you want to keep them by creating a new branch, "
 			"this may be a good time\nto do so with:\n\n"
 			" git branch new_branch_name %s\n\n"),
-			sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+			find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -701,13 +769,14 @@
 	free(refs.objects);
 }
 
-static int switch_branches(struct checkout_opts *opts, struct branch_info *new)
+static int switch_branches(const struct checkout_opts *opts,
+			   struct branch_info *new)
 {
 	int ret = 0;
 	struct branch_info old;
 	void *path_to_free;
 	unsigned char rev[20];
-	int flag;
+	int flag, writeout_error = 0;
 	memset(&old, 0, sizeof(old));
 	old.path = path_to_free = resolve_refdup("HEAD", rev, 0, &flag);
 	old.commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(rev, 1);
@@ -725,7 +794,7 @@
 		parse_commit(new->commit);
 	}
 
-	ret = merge_working_tree(opts, &old, new);
+	ret = merge_working_tree(opts, &old, new, &writeout_error);
 	if (ret) {
 		free(path_to_free);
 		return ret;
@@ -738,7 +807,7 @@
 
 	ret = post_checkout_hook(old.commit, new->commit, 1);
 	free(path_to_free);
-	return ret || opts->writeout_error;
+	return ret || writeout_error;
 }
 
 static int git_checkout_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
@@ -755,45 +824,41 @@
 	return git_xmerge_config(var, value, NULL);
 }
 
-static int interactive_checkout(const char *revision, const char **pathspec,
-				struct checkout_opts *opts)
-{
-	return run_add_interactive(revision, "--patch=checkout", pathspec);
-}
-
 struct tracking_name_data {
-	const char *name;
-	char *remote;
+	/* const */ char *src_ref;
+	char *dst_ref;
+	unsigned char *dst_sha1;
 	int unique;
 };
 
-static int check_tracking_name(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
-			       int flags, void *cb_data)
+static int check_tracking_name(struct remote *remote, void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct tracking_name_data *cb = cb_data;
-	const char *slash;
-
-	if (prefixcmp(refname, "refs/remotes/"))
+	struct refspec query;
+	memset(&query, 0, sizeof(struct refspec));
+	query.src = cb->src_ref;
+	if (remote_find_tracking(remote, &query) ||
+	    get_sha1(query.dst, cb->dst_sha1))
 		return 0;
-	slash = strchr(refname + 13, '/');
-	if (!slash || strcmp(slash + 1, cb->name))
-		return 0;
-	if (cb->remote) {
+	if (cb->dst_ref) {
 		cb->unique = 0;
 		return 0;
 	}
-	cb->remote = xstrdup(refname);
+	cb->dst_ref = xstrdup(query.dst);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static const char *unique_tracking_name(const char *name)
+static const char *unique_tracking_name(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
 {
-	struct tracking_name_data cb_data = { NULL, NULL, 1 };
-	cb_data.name = name;
-	for_each_ref(check_tracking_name, &cb_data);
+	struct tracking_name_data cb_data = { NULL, NULL, NULL, 1 };
+	char src_ref[PATH_MAX];
+	snprintf(src_ref, PATH_MAX, "refs/heads/%s", name);
+	cb_data.src_ref = src_ref;
+	cb_data.dst_sha1 = sha1;
+	for_each_remote(check_tracking_name, &cb_data);
 	if (cb_data.unique)
-		return cb_data.remote;
-	free(cb_data.remote);
+		return cb_data.dst_ref;
+	free(cb_data.dst_ref);
 	return NULL;
 }
 
@@ -856,8 +921,8 @@
 		if (dwim_new_local_branch_ok &&
 		    !check_filename(NULL, arg) &&
 		    argc == 1) {
-			const char *remote = unique_tracking_name(arg);
-			if (!remote || get_sha1(remote, rev))
+			const char *remote = unique_tracking_name(arg, rev);
+			if (!remote)
 				return argcount;
 			*new_branch = arg;
 			arg = remote;
@@ -910,49 +975,98 @@
 	return argcount;
 }
 
-static int switch_unborn_to_new_branch(struct checkout_opts *opts)
+static int switch_unborn_to_new_branch(const struct checkout_opts *opts)
 {
 	int status;
 	struct strbuf branch_ref = STRBUF_INIT;
 
+	if (!opts->new_branch)
+		die(_("You are on a branch yet to be born"));
 	strbuf_addf(&branch_ref, "refs/heads/%s", opts->new_branch);
 	status = create_symref("HEAD", branch_ref.buf, "checkout -b");
 	strbuf_release(&branch_ref);
+	if (!opts->quiet)
+		fprintf(stderr, _("Switched to a new branch '%s'\n"),
+			opts->new_branch);
 	return status;
 }
 
+static int checkout_branch(struct checkout_opts *opts,
+			   struct branch_info *new)
+{
+	if (opts->pathspec)
+		die(_("paths cannot be used with switching branches"));
+
+	if (opts->patch_mode)
+		die(_("'%s' cannot be used with switching branches"),
+		    "--patch");
+
+	if (opts->writeout_stage)
+		die(_("'%s' cannot be used with switching branches"),
+		    "--ours/--theirs");
+
+	if (opts->force && opts->merge)
+		die(_("'%s' cannot be used with '%s'"), "-f", "-m");
+
+	if (opts->force_detach && opts->new_branch)
+		die(_("'%s' cannot be used with '%s'"),
+		    "--detach", "-b/-B/--orphan");
+
+	if (opts->new_orphan_branch) {
+		if (opts->track != BRANCH_TRACK_UNSPECIFIED)
+			die(_("'%s' cannot be used with '%s'"), "--orphan", "-t");
+	} else if (opts->force_detach) {
+		if (opts->track != BRANCH_TRACK_UNSPECIFIED)
+			die(_("'%s' cannot be used with '%s'"), "--detach", "-t");
+	} else if (opts->track == BRANCH_TRACK_UNSPECIFIED)
+		opts->track = git_branch_track;
+
+	if (new->name && !new->commit)
+		die(_("Cannot switch branch to a non-commit '%s'"),
+		    new->name);
+
+	if (!new->commit && opts->new_branch) {
+		unsigned char rev[20];
+		int flag;
+
+		if (!read_ref_full("HEAD", rev, 0, &flag) &&
+		    (flag & REF_ISSYMREF) && is_null_sha1(rev))
+			return switch_unborn_to_new_branch(opts);
+	}
+	return switch_branches(opts, new);
+}
+
 int cmd_checkout(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	struct checkout_opts opts;
-	unsigned char rev[20];
 	struct branch_info new;
-	struct tree *source_tree = NULL;
 	char *conflict_style = NULL;
-	int patch_mode = 0;
 	int dwim_new_local_branch = 1;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT__QUIET(&opts.quiet, "suppress progress reporting"),
-		OPT_STRING('b', NULL, &opts.new_branch, "branch",
-			   "create and checkout a new branch"),
-		OPT_STRING('B', NULL, &opts.new_branch_force, "branch",
-			   "create/reset and checkout a branch"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('l', NULL, &opts.new_branch_log, "create reflog for new branch"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "detach", &opts.force_detach, "detach the HEAD at named commit"),
-		OPT_SET_INT('t', "track",  &opts.track, "set upstream info for new branch",
+		OPT__QUIET(&opts.quiet, N_("suppress progress reporting")),
+		OPT_STRING('b', NULL, &opts.new_branch, N_("branch"),
+			   N_("create and checkout a new branch")),
+		OPT_STRING('B', NULL, &opts.new_branch_force, N_("branch"),
+			   N_("create/reset and checkout a branch")),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('l', NULL, &opts.new_branch_log, N_("create reflog for new branch")),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "detach", &opts.force_detach, N_("detach the HEAD at named commit")),
+		OPT_SET_INT('t', "track",  &opts.track, N_("set upstream info for new branch"),
 			BRANCH_TRACK_EXPLICIT),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "orphan", &opts.new_orphan_branch, "new branch", "new unparented branch"),
-		OPT_SET_INT('2', "ours", &opts.writeout_stage, "checkout our version for unmerged files",
+		OPT_STRING(0, "orphan", &opts.new_orphan_branch, N_("new branch"), N_("new unparented branch")),
+		OPT_SET_INT('2', "ours", &opts.writeout_stage, N_("checkout our version for unmerged files"),
 			    2),
-		OPT_SET_INT('3', "theirs", &opts.writeout_stage, "checkout their version for unmerged files",
+		OPT_SET_INT('3', "theirs", &opts.writeout_stage, N_("checkout their version for unmerged files"),
 			    3),
-		OPT__FORCE(&opts.force, "force checkout (throw away local modifications)"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('m', "merge", &opts.merge, "perform a 3-way merge with the new branch"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "overwrite-ignore", &opts.overwrite_ignore, "update ignored files (default)"),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "conflict", &conflict_style, "style",
-			   "conflict style (merge or diff3)"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "patch", &patch_mode, "select hunks interactively"),
+		OPT__FORCE(&opts.force, N_("force checkout (throw away local modifications)")),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('m', "merge", &opts.merge, N_("perform a 3-way merge with the new branch")),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "overwrite-ignore", &opts.overwrite_ignore, N_("update ignored files (default)")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "conflict", &conflict_style, N_("style"),
+			   N_("conflict style (merge or diff3)")),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "patch", &opts.patch_mode, N_("select hunks interactively")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "ignore-skip-worktree-bits", &opts.ignore_skipworktree,
+			 N_("do not limit pathspecs to sparse entries only")),
 		{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 0, "guess", &dwim_new_local_branch, NULL,
-		  "second guess 'git checkout no-such-branch'",
+		  N_("second guess 'git checkout no-such-branch'"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN },
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
@@ -960,6 +1074,7 @@
 	memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
 	memset(&new, 0, sizeof(new));
 	opts.overwrite_ignore = 1;
+	opts.prefix = prefix;
 
 	gitmodules_config();
 	git_config(git_checkout_config, &opts);
@@ -969,26 +1084,27 @@
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, checkout_usage,
 			     PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH);
 
-	/* we can assume from now on new_branch = !new_branch_force */
-	if (opts.new_branch && opts.new_branch_force)
-		die(_("-B cannot be used with -b"));
+	if (conflict_style) {
+		opts.merge = 1; /* implied */
+		git_xmerge_config("merge.conflictstyle", conflict_style, NULL);
+	}
 
-	/* copy -B over to -b, so that we can just check the latter */
+	if ((!!opts.new_branch + !!opts.new_branch_force + !!opts.new_orphan_branch) > 1)
+		die(_("-b, -B and --orphan are mutually exclusive"));
+
+	/*
+	 * From here on, new_branch will contain the branch to be checked out,
+	 * and new_branch_force and new_orphan_branch will tell us which one of
+	 * -b/-B/--orphan is being used.
+	 */
 	if (opts.new_branch_force)
 		opts.new_branch = opts.new_branch_force;
 
-	if (patch_mode && (opts.track > 0 || opts.new_branch
-			   || opts.new_branch_log || opts.merge || opts.force
-			   || opts.force_detach))
-		die (_("--patch is incompatible with all other options"));
+	if (opts.new_orphan_branch)
+		opts.new_branch = opts.new_orphan_branch;
 
-	if (opts.force_detach && (opts.new_branch || opts.new_orphan_branch))
-		die(_("--detach cannot be used with -b/-B/--orphan"));
-	if (opts.force_detach && 0 < opts.track)
-		die(_("--detach cannot be used with -t"));
-
-	/* --track without -b should DWIM */
-	if (0 < opts.track && !opts.new_branch) {
+	/* --track without -b/-B/--orphan should DWIM */
+	if (opts.track != BRANCH_TRACK_UNSPECIFIED && !opts.new_branch) {
 		const char *argv0 = argv[0];
 		if (!argc || !strcmp(argv0, "--"))
 			die (_("--track needs a branch name"));
@@ -1002,22 +1118,6 @@
 		opts.new_branch = argv0 + 1;
 	}
 
-	if (opts.new_orphan_branch) {
-		if (opts.new_branch)
-			die(_("--orphan and -b|-B are mutually exclusive"));
-		if (opts.track > 0)
-			die(_("--orphan cannot be used with -t"));
-		opts.new_branch = opts.new_orphan_branch;
-	}
-
-	if (conflict_style) {
-		opts.merge = 1; /* implied */
-		git_xmerge_config("merge.conflictstyle", conflict_style, NULL);
-	}
-
-	if (opts.force && opts.merge)
-		die(_("git checkout: -f and -m are incompatible"));
-
 	/*
 	 * Extract branch name from command line arguments, so
 	 * all that is left is pathspecs.
@@ -1032,73 +1132,56 @@
 	 * remote branches, erroring out for invalid or ambiguous cases.
 	 */
 	if (argc) {
+		unsigned char rev[20];
 		int dwim_ok =
-			!patch_mode &&
+			!opts.patch_mode &&
 			dwim_new_local_branch &&
 			opts.track == BRANCH_TRACK_UNSPECIFIED &&
 			!opts.new_branch;
 		int n = parse_branchname_arg(argc, argv, dwim_ok,
-				&new, &source_tree, rev, &opts.new_branch);
+					     &new, &opts.source_tree,
+					     rev, &opts.new_branch);
 		argv += n;
 		argc -= n;
 	}
 
-	if (opts.track == BRANCH_TRACK_UNSPECIFIED)
-		opts.track = git_branch_track;
-
 	if (argc) {
-		const char **pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv);
+		opts.pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv);
 
-		if (!pathspec)
+		if (!opts.pathspec)
 			die(_("invalid path specification"));
 
-		if (patch_mode)
-			return interactive_checkout(new.name, pathspec, &opts);
-
-		/* Checkout paths */
-		if (opts.new_branch) {
-			if (argc == 1) {
-				die(_("git checkout: updating paths is incompatible with switching branches.\nDid you intend to checkout '%s' which can not be resolved as commit?"), argv[0]);
-			} else {
-				die(_("git checkout: updating paths is incompatible with switching branches."));
-			}
-		}
+		/*
+		 * Try to give more helpful suggestion.
+		 * new_branch && argc > 1 will be caught later.
+		 */
+		if (opts.new_branch && argc == 1)
+			die(_("Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time.\n"
+			      "Did you intend to checkout '%s' which can not be resolved as commit?"),
+			    opts.new_branch, argv[0]);
 
 		if (opts.force_detach)
-			die(_("git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument"));
+			die(_("git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument '%s'"),
+			    argv[0]);
 
 		if (1 < !!opts.writeout_stage + !!opts.force + !!opts.merge)
-			die(_("git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge are incompatible when\nchecking out of the index."));
-
-		return checkout_paths(source_tree, pathspec, prefix, &opts);
+			die(_("git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge are incompatible when\n"
+			      "checking out of the index."));
 	}
 
-	if (patch_mode)
-		return interactive_checkout(new.name, NULL, &opts);
-
 	if (opts.new_branch) {
 		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-		opts.branch_exists = validate_new_branchname(opts.new_branch, &buf,
-							     !!opts.new_branch_force,
-							     !!opts.new_branch_force);
+		opts.branch_exists =
+			validate_new_branchname(opts.new_branch, &buf,
+						!!opts.new_branch_force,
+						!!opts.new_branch_force);
 
 		strbuf_release(&buf);
 	}
 
-	if (new.name && !new.commit) {
-		die(_("Cannot switch branch to a non-commit."));
-	}
-	if (opts.writeout_stage)
-		die(_("--ours/--theirs is incompatible with switching branches."));
-
-	if (!new.commit && opts.new_branch) {
-		unsigned char rev[20];
-		int flag;
-
-		if (!read_ref_full("HEAD", rev, 0, &flag) &&
-		    (flag & REF_ISSYMREF) && is_null_sha1(rev))
-			return switch_unborn_to_new_branch(&opts);
-	}
-	return switch_branches(&opts, &new);
+	if (opts.patch_mode || opts.pathspec)
+		return checkout_paths(&opts, new.name);
+	else
+		return checkout_branch(&opts, &new);
 }
diff --git a/builtin/clean.c b/builtin/clean.c
index 0c7b3d0..04e396b 100644
--- a/builtin/clean.c
+++ b/builtin/clean.c
@@ -10,16 +10,23 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "dir.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
+#include "refs.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "quote.h"
 
 static int force = -1; /* unset */
 
 static const char *const builtin_clean_usage[] = {
-	"git clean [-d] [-f] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>...",
+	N_("git clean [-d] [-f] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>..."),
 	NULL
 };
 
+static const char *msg_remove = N_("Removing %s\n");
+static const char *msg_would_remove = N_("Would remove %s\n");
+static const char *msg_skip_git_dir = N_("Skipping repository %s\n");
+static const char *msg_would_skip_git_dir = N_("Would skip repository %s\n");
+static const char *msg_warn_remove_failed = N_("failed to remove %s");
+
 static int git_clean_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
 	if (!strcmp(var, "clean.requireforce"))
@@ -34,30 +41,132 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int remove_dirs(struct strbuf *path, const char *prefix, int force_flag,
+		int dry_run, int quiet, int *dir_gone)
+{
+	DIR *dir;
+	struct strbuf quoted = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct dirent *e;
+	int res = 0, ret = 0, gone = 1, original_len = path->len, len, i;
+	unsigned char submodule_head[20];
+	struct string_list dels = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+
+	*dir_gone = 1;
+
+	if ((force_flag & REMOVE_DIR_KEEP_NESTED_GIT) &&
+			!resolve_gitlink_ref(path->buf, "HEAD", submodule_head)) {
+		if (!quiet) {
+			quote_path_relative(path->buf, strlen(path->buf), &quoted, prefix);
+			printf(dry_run ?  _(msg_would_skip_git_dir) : _(msg_skip_git_dir),
+					quoted.buf);
+		}
+
+		*dir_gone = 0;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	dir = opendir(path->buf);
+	if (!dir) {
+		/* an empty dir could be removed even if it is unreadble */
+		res = dry_run ? 0 : rmdir(path->buf);
+		if (res) {
+			quote_path_relative(path->buf, strlen(path->buf), &quoted, prefix);
+			warning(_(msg_warn_remove_failed), quoted.buf);
+			*dir_gone = 0;
+		}
+		return res;
+	}
+
+	if (path->buf[original_len - 1] != '/')
+		strbuf_addch(path, '/');
+
+	len = path->len;
+	while ((e = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
+		struct stat st;
+		if (is_dot_or_dotdot(e->d_name))
+			continue;
+
+		strbuf_setlen(path, len);
+		strbuf_addstr(path, e->d_name);
+		if (lstat(path->buf, &st))
+			; /* fall thru */
+		else if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
+			if (remove_dirs(path, prefix, force_flag, dry_run, quiet, &gone))
+				ret = 1;
+			if (gone) {
+				quote_path_relative(path->buf, strlen(path->buf), &quoted, prefix);
+				string_list_append(&dels, quoted.buf);
+			} else
+				*dir_gone = 0;
+			continue;
+		} else {
+			res = dry_run ? 0 : unlink(path->buf);
+			if (!res) {
+				quote_path_relative(path->buf, strlen(path->buf), &quoted, prefix);
+				string_list_append(&dels, quoted.buf);
+			} else {
+				quote_path_relative(path->buf, strlen(path->buf), &quoted, prefix);
+				warning(_(msg_warn_remove_failed), quoted.buf);
+				*dir_gone = 0;
+				ret = 1;
+			}
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* path too long, stat fails, or non-directory still exists */
+		*dir_gone = 0;
+		ret = 1;
+		break;
+	}
+	closedir(dir);
+
+	strbuf_setlen(path, original_len);
+
+	if (*dir_gone) {
+		res = dry_run ? 0 : rmdir(path->buf);
+		if (!res)
+			*dir_gone = 1;
+		else {
+			quote_path_relative(path->buf, strlen(path->buf), &quoted, prefix);
+			warning(_(msg_warn_remove_failed), quoted.buf);
+			*dir_gone = 0;
+			ret = 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!*dir_gone && !quiet) {
+		for (i = 0; i < dels.nr; i++)
+			printf(dry_run ?  _(msg_would_remove) : _(msg_remove), dels.items[i].string);
+	}
+	string_list_clear(&dels, 0);
+	return ret;
+}
+
 int cmd_clean(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	int i;
-	int show_only = 0, remove_directories = 0, quiet = 0, ignored = 0;
-	int ignored_only = 0, config_set = 0, errors = 0;
+	int i, res;
+	int dry_run = 0, remove_directories = 0, quiet = 0, ignored = 0;
+	int ignored_only = 0, config_set = 0, errors = 0, gone = 1;
 	int rm_flags = REMOVE_DIR_KEEP_NESTED_GIT;
 	struct strbuf directory = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct dir_struct dir;
 	static const char **pathspec;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct string_list exclude_list = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	struct exclude_list *el;
 	const char *qname;
 	char *seen = NULL;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, "do not print names of files removed"),
-		OPT__DRY_RUN(&show_only, "dry run"),
-		OPT__FORCE(&force, "force"),
+		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("do not print names of files removed")),
+		OPT__DRY_RUN(&dry_run, N_("dry run")),
+		OPT__FORCE(&force, N_("force")),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN('d', NULL, &remove_directories,
-				"remove whole directories"),
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'e', "exclude", &exclude_list, "pattern",
-		  "add <pattern> to ignore rules", PARSE_OPT_NONEG, exclude_cb },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('x', NULL, &ignored, "remove ignored files, too"),
+				N_("remove whole directories")),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'e', "exclude", &exclude_list, N_("pattern"),
+		  N_("add <pattern> to ignore rules"), PARSE_OPT_NONEG, exclude_cb },
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('x', NULL, &ignored, N_("remove ignored files, too")),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN('X', NULL, &ignored_only,
-				"remove only ignored files"),
+				N_("remove only ignored files")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -77,7 +186,7 @@
 	if (ignored && ignored_only)
 		die(_("-x and -X cannot be used together"));
 
-	if (!show_only && !force) {
+	if (!dry_run && !force) {
 		if (config_set)
 			die(_("clean.requireForce set to true and neither -n nor -f given; "
 				  "refusing to clean"));
@@ -97,9 +206,9 @@
 	if (!ignored)
 		setup_standard_excludes(&dir);
 
+	el = add_exclude_list(&dir, EXC_CMDL, "--exclude option");
 	for (i = 0; i < exclude_list.nr; i++)
-		add_exclude(exclude_list.items[i].string, "", 0,
-			    &dir.exclude_list[EXC_CMDL]);
+		add_exclude(exclude_list.items[i].string, "", 0, el, -(i+1));
 
 	pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv);
 
@@ -149,38 +258,26 @@
 
 		if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
 			strbuf_addstr(&directory, ent->name);
-			qname = quote_path_relative(directory.buf, directory.len, &buf, prefix);
-			if (show_only && (remove_directories ||
-			    (matches == MATCHED_EXACTLY))) {
-				printf(_("Would remove %s\n"), qname);
-			} else if (remove_directories ||
-				   (matches == MATCHED_EXACTLY)) {
-				if (!quiet)
-					printf(_("Removing %s\n"), qname);
-				if (remove_dir_recursively(&directory,
-							   rm_flags) != 0) {
-					warning(_("failed to remove %s"), qname);
+			if (remove_directories || (matches == MATCHED_EXACTLY)) {
+				if (remove_dirs(&directory, prefix, rm_flags, dry_run, quiet, &gone))
 					errors++;
+				if (gone && !quiet) {
+					qname = quote_path_relative(directory.buf, directory.len, &buf, prefix);
+					printf(dry_run ? _(msg_would_remove) : _(msg_remove), qname);
 				}
-			} else if (show_only) {
-				printf(_("Would not remove %s\n"), qname);
-			} else {
-				printf(_("Not removing %s\n"), qname);
 			}
 			strbuf_reset(&directory);
 		} else {
 			if (pathspec && !matches)
 				continue;
-			qname = quote_path_relative(ent->name, -1, &buf, prefix);
-			if (show_only) {
-				printf(_("Would remove %s\n"), qname);
-				continue;
-			} else if (!quiet) {
-				printf(_("Removing %s\n"), qname);
-			}
-			if (unlink(ent->name) != 0) {
-				warning(_("failed to remove %s"), qname);
+			res = dry_run ? 0 : unlink(ent->name);
+			if (res) {
+				qname = quote_path_relative(ent->name, -1, &buf, prefix);
+				warning(_(msg_warn_remove_failed), qname);
 				errors++;
+			} else if (!quiet) {
+				qname = quote_path_relative(ent->name, -1, &buf, prefix);
+				printf(dry_run ? _(msg_would_remove) : _(msg_remove), qname);
 			}
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/builtin/clone.c b/builtin/clone.c
index a4d8d25..dad4265 100644
--- a/builtin/clone.c
+++ b/builtin/clone.c
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 #include "branch.h"
 #include "remote.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
+#include "connected.h"
 
 /*
  * Overall FIXMEs:
@@ -33,12 +34,12 @@
  *
  */
 static const char * const builtin_clone_usage[] = {
-	"git clone [options] [--] <repo> [<dir>]",
+	N_("git clone [options] [--] <repo> [<dir>]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static int option_no_checkout, option_bare, option_mirror, option_single_branch = -1;
-static int option_local, option_no_hardlinks, option_shared, option_recursive;
+static int option_local = -1, option_no_hardlinks, option_shared, option_recursive;
 static char *option_template, *option_depth;
 static char *option_origin = NULL;
 static char *option_branch = NULL;
@@ -61,43 +62,43 @@
 static struct option builtin_clone_options[] = {
 	OPT__VERBOSITY(&option_verbosity),
 	OPT_BOOL(0, "progress", &option_progress,
-		 "force progress reporting"),
+		 N_("force progress reporting")),
 	OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "no-checkout", &option_no_checkout,
-		    "don't create a checkout"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "bare", &option_bare, "create a bare repository"),
+		    N_("don't create a checkout")),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "bare", &option_bare, N_("create a bare repository")),
 	{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 0, "naked", &option_bare, NULL,
-		"create a bare repository",
+		N_("create a bare repository"),
 		PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN },
 	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "mirror", &option_mirror,
-		    "create a mirror repository (implies bare)"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('l', "local", &option_local,
-		    "to clone from a local repository"),
+		    N_("create a mirror repository (implies bare)")),
+	OPT_BOOL('l', "local", &option_local,
+		N_("to clone from a local repository")),
 	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "no-hardlinks", &option_no_hardlinks,
-		    "don't use local hardlinks, always copy"),
+		    N_("don't use local hardlinks, always copy")),
 	OPT_BOOLEAN('s', "shared", &option_shared,
-		    "setup as shared repository"),
+		    N_("setup as shared repository")),
 	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "recursive", &option_recursive,
-		    "initialize submodules in the clone"),
+		    N_("initialize submodules in the clone")),
 	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "recurse-submodules", &option_recursive,
-		    "initialize submodules in the clone"),
-	OPT_STRING(0, "template", &option_template, "template-directory",
-		   "directory from which templates will be used"),
-	OPT_CALLBACK(0 , "reference", &option_reference, "repo",
-		     "reference repository", &opt_parse_reference),
-	OPT_STRING('o', "origin", &option_origin, "name",
-		   "use <name> instead of 'origin' to track upstream"),
-	OPT_STRING('b', "branch", &option_branch, "branch",
-		   "checkout <branch> instead of the remote's HEAD"),
-	OPT_STRING('u', "upload-pack", &option_upload_pack, "path",
-		   "path to git-upload-pack on the remote"),
-	OPT_STRING(0, "depth", &option_depth, "depth",
-		    "create a shallow clone of that depth"),
+		    N_("initialize submodules in the clone")),
+	OPT_STRING(0, "template", &option_template, N_("template-directory"),
+		   N_("directory from which templates will be used")),
+	OPT_CALLBACK(0 , "reference", &option_reference, N_("repo"),
+		     N_("reference repository"), &opt_parse_reference),
+	OPT_STRING('o', "origin", &option_origin, N_("name"),
+		   N_("use <name> instead of 'origin' to track upstream")),
+	OPT_STRING('b', "branch", &option_branch, N_("branch"),
+		   N_("checkout <branch> instead of the remote's HEAD")),
+	OPT_STRING('u', "upload-pack", &option_upload_pack, N_("path"),
+		   N_("path to git-upload-pack on the remote")),
+	OPT_STRING(0, "depth", &option_depth, N_("depth"),
+		    N_("create a shallow clone of that depth")),
 	OPT_BOOL(0, "single-branch", &option_single_branch,
-		    "clone only one branch, HEAD or --branch"),
-	OPT_STRING(0, "separate-git-dir", &real_git_dir, "gitdir",
-		   "separate git dir from working tree"),
-	OPT_STRING_LIST('c', "config", &option_config, "key=value",
-			"set config inside the new repository"),
+		    N_("clone only one branch, HEAD or --branch")),
+	OPT_STRING(0, "separate-git-dir", &real_git_dir, N_("gitdir"),
+		   N_("separate git dir from working tree")),
+	OPT_STRING_LIST('c', "config", &option_config, N_("key=value"),
+			N_("set config inside the new repository")),
 	OPT_END()
 };
 
@@ -231,16 +232,26 @@
 static int add_one_reference(struct string_list_item *item, void *cb_data)
 {
 	char *ref_git;
+	const char *repo;
 	struct strbuf alternate = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-	/* Beware: real_path() and mkpath() return static buffer */
+	/* Beware: read_gitfile(), real_path() and mkpath() return static buffer */
 	ref_git = xstrdup(real_path(item->string));
-	if (is_directory(mkpath("%s/.git/objects", ref_git))) {
-		char *ref_git_git = xstrdup(mkpath("%s/.git", ref_git));
+
+	repo = read_gitfile(ref_git);
+	if (!repo)
+		repo = read_gitfile(mkpath("%s/.git", ref_git));
+	if (repo) {
+		free(ref_git);
+		ref_git = xstrdup(repo);
+	}
+
+	if (!repo && is_directory(mkpath("%s/.git/objects", ref_git))) {
+		char *ref_git_git = mkpathdup("%s/.git", ref_git);
 		free(ref_git);
 		ref_git = ref_git_git;
 	} else if (!is_directory(mkpath("%s/objects", ref_git)))
-		die(_("reference repository '%s' is not a local directory."),
+		die(_("reference repository '%s' is not a local repository."),
 		    item->string);
 
 	strbuf_addf(&alternate, "%s/objects", ref_git);
@@ -342,7 +353,7 @@
 		if (!option_no_hardlinks) {
 			if (!link(src->buf, dest->buf))
 				continue;
-			if (option_local)
+			if (option_local > 0)
 				die_errno(_("failed to create link '%s'"), dest->buf);
 			option_no_hardlinks = 1;
 		}
@@ -376,10 +387,32 @@
 static const char *junk_work_tree;
 static const char *junk_git_dir;
 static pid_t junk_pid;
+static enum {
+	JUNK_LEAVE_NONE,
+	JUNK_LEAVE_REPO,
+	JUNK_LEAVE_ALL
+} junk_mode = JUNK_LEAVE_NONE;
+
+static const char junk_leave_repo_msg[] =
+N_("Clone succeeded, but checkout failed.\n"
+   "You can inspect what was checked out with 'git status'\n"
+   "and retry the checkout with 'git checkout -f HEAD'\n");
 
 static void remove_junk(void)
 {
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	switch (junk_mode) {
+	case JUNK_LEAVE_REPO:
+		warning("%s", _(junk_leave_repo_msg));
+		/* fall-through */
+	case JUNK_LEAVE_ALL:
+		return;
+	default:
+		/* proceed to removal */
+		break;
+	}
+
 	if (getpid() != junk_pid)
 		return;
 	if (junk_git_dir) {
@@ -433,8 +466,11 @@
 
 		if (!option_branch)
 			remote_head = guess_remote_head(head, refs, 0);
-		else
-			remote_head = find_remote_branch(refs, option_branch);
+		else {
+			local_refs = NULL;
+			tail = &local_refs;
+			remote_head = copy_ref(find_remote_branch(refs, option_branch));
+		}
 
 		if (!remote_head && option_branch)
 			warning(_("Could not find remote branch %s to clone."),
@@ -482,12 +518,41 @@
 	}
 }
 
+static int iterate_ref_map(void *cb_data, unsigned char sha1[20])
+{
+	struct ref **rm = cb_data;
+	struct ref *ref = *rm;
+
+	/*
+	 * Skip anything missing a peer_ref, which we are not
+	 * actually going to write a ref for.
+	 */
+	while (ref && !ref->peer_ref)
+		ref = ref->next;
+	/* Returning -1 notes "end of list" to the caller. */
+	if (!ref)
+		return -1;
+
+	hashcpy(sha1, ref->old_sha1);
+	*rm = ref->next;
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static void update_remote_refs(const struct ref *refs,
 			       const struct ref *mapped_refs,
 			       const struct ref *remote_head_points_at,
 			       const char *branch_top,
 			       const char *msg)
 {
+	const struct ref *rm = mapped_refs;
+
+	if (0 <= option_verbosity)
+		printf(_("Checking connectivity... "));
+	if (check_everything_connected(iterate_ref_map, 0, &rm))
+		die(_("remote did not send all necessary objects"));
+	if (0 <= option_verbosity)
+		printf(_("done\n"));
+
 	if (refs) {
 		write_remote_refs(mapped_refs);
 		if (option_single_branch)
@@ -576,7 +641,8 @@
 	tree = parse_tree_indirect(sha1);
 	parse_tree(tree);
 	init_tree_desc(&t, tree->buffer, tree->size);
-	unpack_trees(1, &t, &opts);
+	if (unpack_trees(1, &t, &opts) < 0)
+		die(_("unable to checkout working tree"));
 
 	if (write_cache(fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
 	    commit_locked_index(lock_file))
@@ -607,6 +673,54 @@
 	}
 }
 
+static void write_refspec_config(const char* src_ref_prefix,
+		const struct ref* our_head_points_at,
+		const struct ref* remote_head_points_at, struct strbuf* branch_top)
+{
+	struct strbuf key = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf value = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	if (option_mirror || !option_bare) {
+		if (option_single_branch && !option_mirror) {
+			if (option_branch) {
+				if (strstr(our_head_points_at->name, "refs/tags/"))
+					strbuf_addf(&value, "+%s:%s", our_head_points_at->name,
+						our_head_points_at->name);
+				else
+					strbuf_addf(&value, "+%s:%s%s", our_head_points_at->name,
+						branch_top->buf, option_branch);
+			} else if (remote_head_points_at) {
+				strbuf_addf(&value, "+%s:%s%s", remote_head_points_at->name,
+						branch_top->buf,
+						skip_prefix(remote_head_points_at->name, "refs/heads/"));
+			}
+			/*
+			 * otherwise, the next "git fetch" will
+			 * simply fetch from HEAD without updating
+			 * any remote tracking branch, which is what
+			 * we want.
+			 */
+		} else {
+			strbuf_addf(&value, "+%s*:%s*", src_ref_prefix, branch_top->buf);
+		}
+		/* Configure the remote */
+		if (value.len) {
+			strbuf_addf(&key, "remote.%s.fetch", option_origin);
+			git_config_set_multivar(key.buf, value.buf, "^$", 0);
+			strbuf_reset(&key);
+
+			if (option_mirror) {
+				strbuf_addf(&key, "remote.%s.mirror", option_origin);
+				git_config_set(key.buf, "true");
+				strbuf_reset(&key);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	strbuf_release(&key);
+	strbuf_release(&value);
+}
+
 int cmd_clone(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int is_bundle = 0, is_local;
@@ -653,6 +767,8 @@
 		if (option_origin)
 			die(_("--bare and --origin %s options are incompatible."),
 			    option_origin);
+		if (real_git_dir)
+			die(_("--bare and --separate-git-dir are incompatible."));
 		option_no_checkout = 1;
 	}
 
@@ -668,7 +784,7 @@
 		die(_("repository '%s' does not exist"), repo_name);
 	else
 		repo = repo_name;
-	is_local = path && !is_bundle;
+	is_local = option_local != 0 && path && !is_bundle;
 	if (is_local && option_depth)
 		warning(_("--depth is ignored in local clones; use file:// instead."));
 
@@ -697,7 +813,7 @@
 		git_dir = xstrdup(dir);
 	else {
 		work_tree = dir;
-		git_dir = xstrdup(mkpath("%s/.git", dir));
+		git_dir = mkpathdup("%s/.git", dir);
 	}
 
 	if (!option_bare) {
@@ -705,7 +821,7 @@
 		if (safe_create_leading_directories_const(work_tree) < 0)
 			die_errno(_("could not create leading directories of '%s'"),
 				  work_tree);
-		if (!dest_exists && mkdir(work_tree, 0755))
+		if (!dest_exists && mkdir(work_tree, 0777))
 			die_errno(_("could not create work tree dir '%s'."),
 				  work_tree);
 		set_git_work_tree(work_tree);
@@ -714,14 +830,14 @@
 	atexit(remove_junk);
 	sigchain_push_common(remove_junk_on_signal);
 
-	setenv(CONFIG_ENVIRONMENT, mkpath("%s/config", git_dir), 1);
-
 	if (safe_create_leading_directories_const(git_dir) < 0)
 		die(_("could not create leading directories of '%s'"), git_dir);
 
 	set_git_dir_init(git_dir, real_git_dir, 0);
-	if (real_git_dir)
+	if (real_git_dir) {
 		git_dir = real_git_dir;
+		junk_git_dir = real_git_dir;
+	}
 
 	if (0 <= option_verbosity) {
 		if (option_bare)
@@ -732,13 +848,6 @@
 	init_db(option_template, INIT_DB_QUIET);
 	write_config(&option_config);
 
-	/*
-	 * At this point, the config exists, so we do not need the
-	 * environment variable.  We actually need to unset it, too, to
-	 * re-enable parsing of the global configs.
-	 */
-	unsetenv(CONFIG_ENVIRONMENT);
-
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 
 	if (option_bare) {
@@ -752,20 +861,6 @@
 	}
 
 	strbuf_addf(&value, "+%s*:%s*", src_ref_prefix, branch_top.buf);
-
-	if (option_mirror || !option_bare) {
-		/* Configure the remote */
-		strbuf_addf(&key, "remote.%s.fetch", option_origin);
-		git_config_set_multivar(key.buf, value.buf, "^$", 0);
-		strbuf_reset(&key);
-
-		if (option_mirror) {
-			strbuf_addf(&key, "remote.%s.mirror", option_origin);
-			git_config_set(key.buf, "true");
-			strbuf_reset(&key);
-		}
-	}
-
 	strbuf_addf(&key, "remote.%s.url", option_origin);
 	git_config_set(key.buf, repo);
 	strbuf_reset(&key);
@@ -850,6 +945,9 @@
 					      "refs/heads/master");
 	}
 
+	write_refspec_config(src_ref_prefix, our_head_points_at,
+			remote_head_points_at, &branch_top);
+
 	if (is_local)
 		clone_local(path, git_dir);
 	else if (refs && complete_refs_before_fetch)
@@ -863,12 +961,13 @@
 	transport_unlock_pack(transport);
 	transport_disconnect(transport);
 
+	junk_mode = JUNK_LEAVE_REPO;
 	err = checkout();
 
 	strbuf_release(&reflog_msg);
 	strbuf_release(&branch_top);
 	strbuf_release(&key);
 	strbuf_release(&value);
-	junk_pid = 0;
+	junk_mode = JUNK_LEAVE_ALL;
 	return err;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/column.c b/builtin/column.c
index 5ea798a..e125a55 100644
--- a/builtin/column.c
+++ b/builtin/column.c
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 #include "column.h"
 
 static const char * const builtin_column_usage[] = {
-	"git column [options]",
+	N_("git column [options]"),
 	NULL
 };
 static unsigned int colopts;
@@ -23,13 +23,13 @@
 	struct column_options copts;
 	const char *command = NULL, *real_command = NULL;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_STRING(0, "command", &real_command, "name", "lookup config vars"),
-		OPT_COLUMN(0, "mode", &colopts, "layout to use"),
-		OPT_INTEGER(0, "raw-mode", &colopts, "layout to use"),
-		OPT_INTEGER(0, "width", &copts.width, "Maximum width"),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "indent", &copts.indent, "string", "Padding space on left border"),
-		OPT_INTEGER(0, "nl", &copts.nl, "Padding space on right border"),
-		OPT_INTEGER(0, "padding", &copts.padding, "Padding space between columns"),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "command", &real_command, N_("name"), N_("lookup config vars")),
+		OPT_COLUMN(0, "mode", &colopts, N_("layout to use")),
+		OPT_INTEGER(0, "raw-mode", &colopts, N_("layout to use")),
+		OPT_INTEGER(0, "width", &copts.width, N_("Maximum width")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "indent", &copts.indent, N_("string"), N_("Padding space on left border")),
+		OPT_INTEGER(0, "nl", &copts.nl, N_("Padding space on right border")),
+		OPT_INTEGER(0, "padding", &copts.padding, N_("Padding space between columns")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
diff --git a/builtin/commit-tree.c b/builtin/commit-tree.c
index 164b655..f641ff2 100644
--- a/builtin/commit-tree.c
+++ b/builtin/commit-tree.c
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 #include "utf8.h"
 #include "gpg-interface.h"
 
-static const char commit_tree_usage[] = "git commit-tree [(-p <sha1>)...] [-S<signer>] [-m <message>] [-F <file>] <sha1> <changelog";
+static const char commit_tree_usage[] = "git commit-tree [(-p <sha1>)...] [-S[<keyid>]] [-m <message>] [-F <file>] <sha1> <changelog";
 
 static void new_parent(struct commit *parent, struct commit_list **parents_p)
 {
@@ -48,16 +48,13 @@
 	if (argc < 2 || !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
 		usage(commit_tree_usage);
 
-	if (get_sha1(argv[1], tree_sha1))
-		die("Not a valid object name %s", argv[1]);
-
 	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
 		const char *arg = argv[i];
 		if (!strcmp(arg, "-p")) {
 			unsigned char sha1[20];
 			if (argc <= ++i)
 				usage(commit_tree_usage);
-			if (get_sha1(argv[i], sha1))
+			if (get_sha1_commit(argv[i], sha1))
 				die("Not a valid object name %s", argv[i]);
 			assert_sha1_type(sha1, OBJ_COMMIT);
 			new_parent(lookup_commit(sha1), &parents);
@@ -104,7 +101,7 @@
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		if (get_sha1(arg, tree_sha1))
+		if (get_sha1_tree(arg, tree_sha1))
 			die("Not a valid object name %s", arg);
 		if (got_tree)
 			die("Cannot give more than one trees");
diff --git a/builtin/commit.c b/builtin/commit.c
index f43eaaf..1621dfc 100644
--- a/builtin/commit.c
+++ b/builtin/commit.c
@@ -28,14 +28,15 @@
 #include "submodule.h"
 #include "gpg-interface.h"
 #include "column.h"
+#include "sequencer.h"
 
 static const char * const builtin_commit_usage[] = {
-	"git commit [options] [--] <filepattern>...",
+	N_("git commit [options] [--] <pathspec>..."),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const builtin_status_usage[] = {
-	"git status [options] [--] <filepattern>...",
+	N_("git status [options] [--] <pathspec>..."),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -102,28 +103,33 @@
 	CLEANUP_NONE,
 	CLEANUP_ALL
 } cleanup_mode;
-static char *cleanup_arg;
+static const char *cleanup_arg;
 
 static enum commit_whence whence;
 static int use_editor = 1, include_status = 1;
-static int show_ignored_in_status;
+static int show_ignored_in_status, have_option_m;
 static const char *only_include_assumed;
 static struct strbuf message = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 static enum {
+	STATUS_FORMAT_NONE = 0,
 	STATUS_FORMAT_LONG,
 	STATUS_FORMAT_SHORT,
 	STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN
-} status_format = STATUS_FORMAT_LONG;
+} status_format;
 
 static int opt_parse_m(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 {
 	struct strbuf *buf = opt->value;
-	if (unset)
+	if (unset) {
+		have_option_m = 0;
 		strbuf_setlen(buf, 0);
-	else {
+	} else {
+		have_option_m = 1;
+		if (buf->len)
+			strbuf_addch(buf, '\n');
 		strbuf_addstr(buf, arg);
-		strbuf_addstr(buf, "\n\n");
+		strbuf_complete_line(buf);
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -184,6 +190,9 @@
 	int i;
 	char *m;
 
+	if (!pattern)
+		return 0;
+
 	for (i = 0; pattern[i]; i++)
 		;
 	m = xcalloc(1, i);
@@ -345,7 +354,7 @@
 	 * and create commit from the_index.
 	 * We still need to refresh the index here.
 	 */
-	if (!pathspec || !*pathspec) {
+	if (!only && (!pathspec || !*pathspec)) {
 		fd = hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 1);
 		refresh_cache_or_die(refresh_flags);
 		if (active_cache_changed) {
@@ -450,6 +459,7 @@
 	case STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN:
 		wt_porcelain_print(s);
 		break;
+	case STATUS_FORMAT_NONE:
 	case STATUS_FORMAT_LONG:
 		wt_status_print(s);
 		break;
@@ -463,8 +473,6 @@
 	return !!(current_head->parents && current_head->parents->next);
 }
 
-static const char sign_off_header[] = "Signed-off-by: ";
-
 static void export_one(const char *var, const char *s, const char *e, int hack)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
@@ -475,6 +483,20 @@
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 }
 
+static int sane_ident_split(struct ident_split *person)
+{
+	if (!person->name_begin || !person->name_end ||
+	    person->name_begin == person->name_end)
+		return 0; /* no human readable name */
+	if (!person->mail_begin || !person->mail_end ||
+	    person->mail_begin == person->mail_end)
+		return 0; /* no usable mail */
+	if (!person->date_begin || !person->date_end ||
+	    !person->tz_begin || !person->tz_end)
+		return 0;
+	return 1;
+}
+
 static void determine_author_info(struct strbuf *author_ident)
 {
 	char *name, *email, *date;
@@ -527,54 +549,14 @@
 	if (force_date)
 		date = force_date;
 	strbuf_addstr(author_ident, fmt_ident(name, email, date, IDENT_STRICT));
-	if (!split_ident_line(&author, author_ident->buf, author_ident->len)) {
+	if (!split_ident_line(&author, author_ident->buf, author_ident->len) &&
+	    sane_ident_split(&author)) {
 		export_one("GIT_AUTHOR_NAME", author.name_begin, author.name_end, 0);
 		export_one("GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL", author.mail_begin, author.mail_end, 0);
 		export_one("GIT_AUTHOR_DATE", author.date_begin, author.tz_end, '@');
 	}
 }
 
-static int ends_rfc2822_footer(struct strbuf *sb)
-{
-	int ch;
-	int hit = 0;
-	int i, j, k;
-	int len = sb->len;
-	int first = 1;
-	const char *buf = sb->buf;
-
-	for (i = len - 1; i > 0; i--) {
-		if (hit && buf[i] == '\n')
-			break;
-		hit = (buf[i] == '\n');
-	}
-
-	while (i < len - 1 && buf[i] == '\n')
-		i++;
-
-	for (; i < len; i = k) {
-		for (k = i; k < len && buf[k] != '\n'; k++)
-			; /* do nothing */
-		k++;
-
-		if ((buf[k] == ' ' || buf[k] == '\t') && !first)
-			continue;
-
-		first = 0;
-
-		for (j = 0; i + j < len; j++) {
-			ch = buf[i + j];
-			if (ch == ':')
-				break;
-			if (isalnum(ch) ||
-			    (ch == '-'))
-				continue;
-			return 0;
-		}
-	}
-	return 1;
-}
-
 static char *cut_ident_timestamp_part(char *string)
 {
 	char *ket = strrchr(string, '>');
@@ -640,7 +622,7 @@
 		hook_arg1 = "message";
 	} else if (use_message) {
 		buffer = strstr(use_message_buffer, "\n\n");
-		if (!buffer || buffer[2] == '\0')
+		if (!use_editor && (!buffer || buffer[2] == '\0'))
 			die(_("commit has empty message"));
 		strbuf_add(&sb, buffer + 2, strlen(buffer + 2));
 		hook_arg1 = "commit";
@@ -699,21 +681,30 @@
 		stripspace(&sb, 0);
 
 	if (signoff) {
-		struct strbuf sob = STRBUF_INIT;
-		int i;
+		/*
+		 * See if we have a Conflicts: block at the end. If yes, count
+		 * its size, so we can ignore it.
+		 */
+		int ignore_footer = 0;
+		int i, eol, previous = 0;
+		const char *nl;
 
-		strbuf_addstr(&sob, sign_off_header);
-		strbuf_addstr(&sob, fmt_name(getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_NAME"),
-					     getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL")));
-		strbuf_addch(&sob, '\n');
-		for (i = sb.len - 1; i > 0 && sb.buf[i - 1] != '\n'; i--)
-			; /* do nothing */
-		if (prefixcmp(sb.buf + i, sob.buf)) {
-			if (!i || !ends_rfc2822_footer(&sb))
-				strbuf_addch(&sb, '\n');
-			strbuf_addbuf(&sb, &sob);
+		for (i = 0; i < sb.len; i++) {
+			nl = memchr(sb.buf + i, '\n', sb.len - i);
+			if (nl)
+				eol = nl - sb.buf;
+			else
+				eol = sb.len;
+			if (!prefixcmp(sb.buf + previous, "\nConflicts:\n")) {
+				ignore_footer = sb.len - previous;
+				break;
+			}
+			while (i < eol)
+				i++;
+			previous = eol;
 		}
-		strbuf_release(&sob);
+
+		append_signoff(&sb, ignore_footer, 0);
 	}
 
 	if (fwrite(sb.buf, 1, sb.len, s->fp) < sb.len)
@@ -722,7 +713,7 @@
 	strbuf_release(&sb);
 
 	/* This checks if committer ident is explicitly given */
-	strbuf_addstr(&committer_ident, git_committer_info(0));
+	strbuf_addstr(&committer_ident, git_committer_info(IDENT_STRICT));
 	if (use_editor && include_status) {
 		char *ai_tmp, *ci_tmp;
 		if (whence != FROM_COMMIT)
@@ -746,15 +737,15 @@
 		if (cleanup_mode == CLEANUP_ALL)
 			status_printf(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,
 				_("Please enter the commit message for your changes."
-				" Lines starting\nwith '#' will be ignored, and an empty"
-				" message aborts the commit.\n"));
+				  " Lines starting\nwith '%c' will be ignored, and an empty"
+				  " message aborts the commit.\n"), comment_line_char);
 		else /* CLEANUP_SPACE, that is. */
 			status_printf(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,
 				_("Please enter the commit message for your changes."
-				" Lines starting\n"
-				"with '#' will be kept; you may remove them"
-				" yourself if you want to.\n"
-				"An empty message aborts the commit.\n"));
+				  " Lines starting\n"
+				  "with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them"
+				  " yourself if you want to.\n"
+				  "An empty message aborts the commit.\n"), comment_line_char);
 		if (only_include_assumed)
 			status_printf_ln(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,
 					"%s", only_include_assumed);
@@ -768,7 +759,7 @@
 				ident_shown++ ? "" : "\n",
 				author_ident->buf);
 
-		if (!user_ident_sufficiently_given())
+		if (!committer_ident_sufficiently_given())
 			status_printf_ln(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,
 				_("%s"
 				"Committer: %s"),
@@ -959,24 +950,14 @@
 
 static const char *read_commit_message(const char *name)
 {
-	const char *out_enc, *out;
+	const char *out_enc;
 	struct commit *commit;
 
 	commit = lookup_commit_reference_by_name(name);
 	if (!commit)
 		die(_("could not lookup commit %s"), name);
 	out_enc = get_commit_output_encoding();
-	out = logmsg_reencode(commit, out_enc);
-
-	/*
-	 * If we failed to reencode the buffer, just copy it
-	 * byte for byte so the user can try to fix it up.
-	 * This also handles the case where input and output
-	 * encodings are identical.
-	 */
-	if (out == NULL)
-		out = xstrdup(commit->buffer);
-	return out;
+	return logmsg_reencode(commit, NULL, out_enc);
 }
 
 static int parse_and_validate_options(int argc, const char *argv[],
@@ -996,7 +977,7 @@
 	if (force_author && renew_authorship)
 		die(_("Using both --reset-author and --author does not make sense"));
 
-	if (logfile || message.len || use_message || fixup_message)
+	if (logfile || have_option_m || use_message || fixup_message)
 		use_editor = 0;
 	if (0 <= edit_flag)
 		use_editor = edit_flag;
@@ -1073,9 +1054,13 @@
 	if (all && argc > 0)
 		die(_("Paths with -a does not make sense."));
 
-	if (s->null_termination && status_format == STATUS_FORMAT_LONG)
-		status_format = STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN;
-	if (status_format != STATUS_FORMAT_LONG)
+	if (s->null_termination) {
+		if (status_format == STATUS_FORMAT_NONE)
+			status_format = STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN;
+		else if (status_format == STATUS_FORMAT_LONG)
+			die(_("--long and -z are incompatible"));
+	}
+	if (status_format != STATUS_FORMAT_NONE)
 		dry_run = 1;
 
 	return argc;
@@ -1166,26 +1151,29 @@
 	int fd;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	static struct option builtin_status_options[] = {
-		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, "be verbose"),
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("be verbose")),
 		OPT_SET_INT('s', "short", &status_format,
-			    "show status concisely", STATUS_FORMAT_SHORT),
+			    N_("show status concisely"), STATUS_FORMAT_SHORT),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN('b', "branch", &s.show_branch,
-			    "show branch information"),
+			    N_("show branch information")),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "porcelain", &status_format,
-			    "machine-readable output",
+			    N_("machine-readable output"),
 			    STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "long", &status_format,
+			    N_("show status in long format (default)"),
+			    STATUS_FORMAT_LONG),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN('z', "null", &s.null_termination,
-			    "terminate entries with NUL"),
+			    N_("terminate entries with NUL")),
 		{ OPTION_STRING, 'u', "untracked-files", &untracked_files_arg,
-		  "mode",
-		  "show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)",
+		  N_("mode"),
+		  N_("show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t)"all" },
 		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "ignored", &show_ignored_in_status,
-			    "show ignored files"),
-		{ OPTION_STRING, 0, "ignore-submodules", &ignore_submodule_arg, "when",
-		  "ignore changes to submodules, optional when: all, dirty, untracked. (Default: all)",
+			    N_("show ignored files")),
+		{ OPTION_STRING, 0, "ignore-submodules", &ignore_submodule_arg, N_("when"),
+		  N_("ignore changes to submodules, optional when: all, dirty, untracked. (Default: all)"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t)"all" },
-		OPT_COLUMN(0, "column", &s.colopts, "list untracked files in columns"),
+		OPT_COLUMN(0, "column", &s.colopts, N_("list untracked files in columns")),
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 
@@ -1201,8 +1189,12 @@
 			     builtin_status_usage, 0);
 	finalize_colopts(&s.colopts, -1);
 
-	if (s.null_termination && status_format == STATUS_FORMAT_LONG)
-		status_format = STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN;
+	if (s.null_termination) {
+		if (status_format == STATUS_FORMAT_NONE)
+			status_format = STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN;
+		else if (status_format == STATUS_FORMAT_LONG)
+			die(_("--long and -z are incompatible"));
+	}
 
 	handle_untracked_files_arg(&s);
 	if (show_ignored_in_status)
@@ -1231,6 +1223,7 @@
 	case STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN:
 		wt_porcelain_print(&s);
 		break;
+	case STATUS_FORMAT_NONE:
 	case STATUS_FORMAT_LONG:
 		s.verbose = verbose;
 		s.ignore_submodule_arg = ignore_submodule_arg;
@@ -1266,7 +1259,7 @@
 		strbuf_addstr(&format, "\n Author: ");
 		strbuf_addbuf_percentquote(&format, &author_ident);
 	}
-	if (!user_ident_sufficiently_given()) {
+	if (!committer_ident_sufficiently_given()) {
 		strbuf_addstr(&format, "\n Committer: ");
 		strbuf_addbuf_percentquote(&format, &committer_ident);
 		if (advice_implicit_identity) {
@@ -1321,6 +1314,8 @@
 		include_status = git_config_bool(k, v);
 		return 0;
 	}
+	if (!strcmp(k, "commit.cleanup"))
+		return git_config_string(&cleanup_arg, k, v);
 
 	status = git_gpg_config(k, v, NULL);
 	if (status)
@@ -1328,8 +1323,6 @@
 	return git_status_config(k, v, s);
 }
 
-static const char post_rewrite_hook[] = "hooks/post-rewrite";
-
 static int run_rewrite_hook(const unsigned char *oldsha1,
 			    const unsigned char *newsha1)
 {
@@ -1340,10 +1333,10 @@
 	int code;
 	size_t n;
 
-	if (access(git_path(post_rewrite_hook), X_OK) < 0)
+	argv[0] = find_hook("post-rewrite");
+	if (!argv[0])
 		return 0;
 
-	argv[0] = git_path(post_rewrite_hook);
 	argv[1] = "amend";
 	argv[2] = NULL;
 
@@ -1366,53 +1359,56 @@
 {
 	static struct wt_status s;
 	static struct option builtin_commit_options[] = {
-		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, "suppress summary after successful commit"),
-		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, "show diff in commit message template"),
+		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("suppress summary after successful commit")),
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("show diff in commit message template")),
 
-		OPT_GROUP("Commit message options"),
-		OPT_FILENAME('F', "file", &logfile, "read message from file"),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "author", &force_author, "author", "override author for commit"),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "date", &force_date, "date", "override date for commit"),
-		OPT_CALLBACK('m', "message", &message, "message", "commit message", opt_parse_m),
-		OPT_STRING('c', "reedit-message", &edit_message, "commit", "reuse and edit message from specified commit"),
-		OPT_STRING('C', "reuse-message", &use_message, "commit", "reuse message from specified commit"),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "fixup", &fixup_message, "commit", "use autosquash formatted message to fixup specified commit"),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "squash", &squash_message, "commit", "use autosquash formatted message to squash specified commit"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "reset-author", &renew_authorship, "the commit is authored by me now (used with -C/-c/--amend)"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('s', "signoff", &signoff, "add Signed-off-by:"),
-		OPT_FILENAME('t', "template", &template_file, "use specified template file"),
-		OPT_BOOL('e', "edit", &edit_flag, "force edit of commit"),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "cleanup", &cleanup_arg, "default", "how to strip spaces and #comments from message"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "status", &include_status, "include status in commit message template"),
-		{ OPTION_STRING, 'S', "gpg-sign", &sign_commit, "key id",
-		  "GPG sign commit", PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t) "" },
+		OPT_GROUP(N_("Commit message options")),
+		OPT_FILENAME('F', "file", &logfile, N_("read message from file")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "author", &force_author, N_("author"), N_("override author for commit")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "date", &force_date, N_("date"), N_("override date for commit")),
+		OPT_CALLBACK('m', "message", &message, N_("message"), N_("commit message"), opt_parse_m),
+		OPT_STRING('c', "reedit-message", &edit_message, N_("commit"), N_("reuse and edit message from specified commit")),
+		OPT_STRING('C', "reuse-message", &use_message, N_("commit"), N_("reuse message from specified commit")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "fixup", &fixup_message, N_("commit"), N_("use autosquash formatted message to fixup specified commit")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "squash", &squash_message, N_("commit"), N_("use autosquash formatted message to squash specified commit")),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "reset-author", &renew_authorship, N_("the commit is authored by me now (used with -C/-c/--amend)")),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('s', "signoff", &signoff, N_("add Signed-off-by:")),
+		OPT_FILENAME('t', "template", &template_file, N_("use specified template file")),
+		OPT_BOOL('e', "edit", &edit_flag, N_("force edit of commit")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "cleanup", &cleanup_arg, N_("default"), N_("how to strip spaces and #comments from message")),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "status", &include_status, N_("include status in commit message template")),
+		{ OPTION_STRING, 'S', "gpg-sign", &sign_commit, N_("key id"),
+		  N_("GPG sign commit"), PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t) "" },
 		/* end commit message options */
 
-		OPT_GROUP("Commit contents options"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "all", &all, "commit all changed files"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('i', "include", &also, "add specified files to index for commit"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "interactive", &interactive, "interactively add files"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "patch", &patch_interactive, "interactively add changes"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('o', "only", &only, "commit only specified files"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "no-verify", &no_verify, "bypass pre-commit hook"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "dry-run", &dry_run, "show what would be committed"),
-		OPT_SET_INT(0, "short", &status_format, "show status concisely",
+		OPT_GROUP(N_("Commit contents options")),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "all", &all, N_("commit all changed files")),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('i', "include", &also, N_("add specified files to index for commit")),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "interactive", &interactive, N_("interactively add files")),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "patch", &patch_interactive, N_("interactively add changes")),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('o', "only", &only, N_("commit only specified files")),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "no-verify", &no_verify, N_("bypass pre-commit hook")),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "dry-run", &dry_run, N_("show what would be committed")),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "short", &status_format, N_("show status concisely"),
 			    STATUS_FORMAT_SHORT),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "branch", &s.show_branch, "show branch information"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "branch", &s.show_branch, N_("show branch information")),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "porcelain", &status_format,
-			    "machine-readable output", STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN),
+			    N_("machine-readable output"), STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "long", &status_format,
+			    N_("show status in long format (default)"),
+			    STATUS_FORMAT_LONG),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN('z', "null", &s.null_termination,
-			    "terminate entries with NUL"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "amend", &amend, "amend previous commit"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "no-post-rewrite", &no_post_rewrite, "bypass post-rewrite hook"),
-		{ OPTION_STRING, 'u', "untracked-files", &untracked_files_arg, "mode", "show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)", PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t)"all" },
+			    N_("terminate entries with NUL")),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "amend", &amend, N_("amend previous commit")),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "no-post-rewrite", &no_post_rewrite, N_("bypass post-rewrite hook")),
+		{ OPTION_STRING, 'u', "untracked-files", &untracked_files_arg, N_("mode"), N_("show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)"), PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t)"all" },
 		/* end commit contents options */
 
 		{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 0, "allow-empty", &allow_empty, NULL,
-		  "ok to record an empty change",
+		  N_("ok to record an empty change"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN },
 		{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 0, "allow-empty-message", &allow_empty_message, NULL,
-		  "ok to record a change with an empty message",
+		  N_("ok to record a change with an empty message"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN },
 
 		OPT_END()
@@ -1434,6 +1430,7 @@
 		usage_with_options(builtin_commit_usage, builtin_commit_options);
 
 	wt_status_prepare(&s);
+	gitmodules_config();
 	git_config(git_commit_config, &s);
 	determine_whence(&s);
 	s.colopts = 0;
diff --git a/builtin/config.c b/builtin/config.c
index 33c8820..19ffcaf 100644
--- a/builtin/config.c
+++ b/builtin/config.c
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 
 static const char *const builtin_config_usage[] = {
-	"git config [options]",
+	N_("git config [options]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
 static int use_key_regexp;
 static int do_all;
 static int do_not_match;
-static int seen;
 static char delim = '=';
 static char key_delim = ' ';
 static char term = '\n';
@@ -49,33 +48,33 @@
 #define TYPE_PATH (1<<3)
 
 static struct option builtin_config_options[] = {
-	OPT_GROUP("Config file location"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "global", &use_global_config, "use global config file"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "system", &use_system_config, "use system config file"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "local", &use_local_config, "use repository config file"),
-	OPT_STRING('f', "file", &given_config_file, "file", "use given config file"),
-	OPT_GROUP("Action"),
-	OPT_BIT(0, "get", &actions, "get value: name [value-regex]", ACTION_GET),
-	OPT_BIT(0, "get-all", &actions, "get all values: key [value-regex]", ACTION_GET_ALL),
-	OPT_BIT(0, "get-regexp", &actions, "get values for regexp: name-regex [value-regex]", ACTION_GET_REGEXP),
-	OPT_BIT(0, "replace-all", &actions, "replace all matching variables: name value [value_regex]", ACTION_REPLACE_ALL),
-	OPT_BIT(0, "add", &actions, "adds a new variable: name value", ACTION_ADD),
-	OPT_BIT(0, "unset", &actions, "removes a variable: name [value-regex]", ACTION_UNSET),
-	OPT_BIT(0, "unset-all", &actions, "removes all matches: name [value-regex]", ACTION_UNSET_ALL),
-	OPT_BIT(0, "rename-section", &actions, "rename section: old-name new-name", ACTION_RENAME_SECTION),
-	OPT_BIT(0, "remove-section", &actions, "remove a section: name", ACTION_REMOVE_SECTION),
-	OPT_BIT('l', "list", &actions, "list all", ACTION_LIST),
-	OPT_BIT('e', "edit", &actions, "opens an editor", ACTION_EDIT),
-	OPT_STRING(0, "get-color", &get_color_slot, "slot", "find the color configured: [default]"),
-	OPT_STRING(0, "get-colorbool", &get_colorbool_slot, "slot", "find the color setting: [stdout-is-tty]"),
-	OPT_GROUP("Type"),
-	OPT_BIT(0, "bool", &types, "value is \"true\" or \"false\"", TYPE_BOOL),
-	OPT_BIT(0, "int", &types, "value is decimal number", TYPE_INT),
-	OPT_BIT(0, "bool-or-int", &types, "value is --bool or --int", TYPE_BOOL_OR_INT),
-	OPT_BIT(0, "path", &types, "value is a path (file or directory name)", TYPE_PATH),
-	OPT_GROUP("Other"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('z', "null", &end_null, "terminate values with NUL byte"),
-	OPT_BOOL(0, "includes", &respect_includes, "respect include directives on lookup"),
+	OPT_GROUP(N_("Config file location")),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "global", &use_global_config, N_("use global config file")),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "system", &use_system_config, N_("use system config file")),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "local", &use_local_config, N_("use repository config file")),
+	OPT_STRING('f', "file", &given_config_file, N_("file"), N_("use given config file")),
+	OPT_GROUP(N_("Action")),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "get", &actions, N_("get value: name [value-regex]"), ACTION_GET),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "get-all", &actions, N_("get all values: key [value-regex]"), ACTION_GET_ALL),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "get-regexp", &actions, N_("get values for regexp: name-regex [value-regex]"), ACTION_GET_REGEXP),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "replace-all", &actions, N_("replace all matching variables: name value [value_regex]"), ACTION_REPLACE_ALL),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "add", &actions, N_("add a new variable: name value"), ACTION_ADD),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "unset", &actions, N_("remove a variable: name [value-regex]"), ACTION_UNSET),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "unset-all", &actions, N_("remove all matches: name [value-regex]"), ACTION_UNSET_ALL),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "rename-section", &actions, N_("rename section: old-name new-name"), ACTION_RENAME_SECTION),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "remove-section", &actions, N_("remove a section: name"), ACTION_REMOVE_SECTION),
+	OPT_BIT('l', "list", &actions, N_("list all"), ACTION_LIST),
+	OPT_BIT('e', "edit", &actions, N_("open an editor"), ACTION_EDIT),
+	OPT_STRING(0, "get-color", &get_color_slot, N_("slot"), N_("find the color configured: [default]")),
+	OPT_STRING(0, "get-colorbool", &get_colorbool_slot, N_("slot"), N_("find the color setting: [stdout-is-tty]")),
+	OPT_GROUP(N_("Type")),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "bool", &types, N_("value is \"true\" or \"false\""), TYPE_BOOL),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "int", &types, N_("value is decimal number"), TYPE_INT),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "bool-or-int", &types, N_("value is --bool or --int"), TYPE_BOOL_OR_INT),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "path", &types, N_("value is a path (file or directory name)"), TYPE_PATH),
+	OPT_GROUP(N_("Other")),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN('z', "null", &end_null, N_("terminate values with NUL byte")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "includes", &respect_includes, N_("respect include directives on lookup")),
 	OPT_END(),
 };
 
@@ -95,12 +94,19 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int show_config(const char *key_, const char *value_, void *cb)
+struct strbuf_list {
+	struct strbuf *items;
+	int nr;
+	int alloc;
+};
+
+static int collect_config(const char *key_, const char *value_, void *cb)
 {
+	struct strbuf_list *values = cb;
+	struct strbuf *buf;
 	char value[256];
 	const char *vptr = value;
 	int must_free_vptr = 0;
-	int dup_error = 0;
 	int must_print_delim = 0;
 
 	if (!use_key_regexp && strcmp(key_, key))
@@ -111,12 +117,14 @@
 	    (do_not_match ^ !!regexec(regexp, (value_?value_:""), 0, NULL, 0)))
 		return 0;
 
+	ALLOC_GROW(values->items, values->nr + 1, values->alloc);
+	buf = &values->items[values->nr++];
+	strbuf_init(buf, 0);
+
 	if (show_keys) {
-		printf("%s", key_);
+		strbuf_addstr(buf, key_);
 		must_print_delim = 1;
 	}
-	if (seen && !do_all)
-		dup_error = 1;
 	if (types == TYPE_INT)
 		sprintf(value, "%d", git_config_int(key_, value_?value_:""));
 	else if (types == TYPE_BOOL)
@@ -129,7 +137,8 @@
 		else
 			sprintf(value, "%d", v);
 	} else if (types == TYPE_PATH) {
-		git_config_pathname(&vptr, key_, value_);
+		if (git_config_pathname(&vptr, key_, value_) < 0)
+			return -1;
 		must_free_vptr = 1;
 	} else if (value_) {
 		vptr = value_;
@@ -138,16 +147,12 @@
 		vptr = "";
 		must_print_delim = 0;
 	}
-	seen++;
-	if (dup_error) {
-		error("More than one value for the key %s: %s",
-				key_, vptr);
-	}
-	else {
-		if (must_print_delim)
-			printf("%c", key_delim);
-		printf("%s%c", vptr, term);
-	}
+
+	if (must_print_delim)
+		strbuf_addch(buf, key_delim);
+	strbuf_addstr(buf, vptr);
+	strbuf_addch(buf, term);
+
 	if (must_free_vptr)
 		/* If vptr must be freed, it's a pointer to a
 		 * dynamically allocated buffer, it's safe to cast to
@@ -160,22 +165,9 @@
 
 static int get_value(const char *key_, const char *regex_)
 {
-	int ret = -1;
-	char *global = NULL, *repo_config = NULL;
-	const char *system_wide = NULL, *local;
-	struct config_include_data inc = CONFIG_INCLUDE_INIT;
-	config_fn_t fn;
-	void *data;
-
-	local = given_config_file;
-	if (!local) {
-		const char *home = getenv("HOME");
-		local = repo_config = git_pathdup("config");
-		if (home)
-			global = xstrdup(mkpath("%s/.gitconfig", home));
-		if (git_config_system())
-			system_wide = git_etc_gitconfig();
-	}
+	int ret = CONFIG_GENERIC_ERROR;
+	struct strbuf_list values = {NULL};
+	int i;
 
 	if (use_key_regexp) {
 		char *tl;
@@ -197,12 +189,16 @@
 		key_regexp = (regex_t*)xmalloc(sizeof(regex_t));
 		if (regcomp(key_regexp, key, REG_EXTENDED)) {
 			fprintf(stderr, "Invalid key pattern: %s\n", key_);
-			free(key);
+			free(key_regexp);
+			key_regexp = NULL;
+			ret = CONFIG_INVALID_PATTERN;
 			goto free_strings;
 		}
 	} else {
-		if (git_config_parse_key(key_, &key, NULL))
+		if (git_config_parse_key(key_, &key, NULL)) {
+			ret = CONFIG_INVALID_KEY;
 			goto free_strings;
+		}
 	}
 
 	if (regex_) {
@@ -214,47 +210,37 @@
 		regexp = (regex_t*)xmalloc(sizeof(regex_t));
 		if (regcomp(regexp, regex_, REG_EXTENDED)) {
 			fprintf(stderr, "Invalid pattern: %s\n", regex_);
+			free(regexp);
+			regexp = NULL;
+			ret = CONFIG_INVALID_PATTERN;
 			goto free_strings;
 		}
 	}
 
-	fn = show_config;
-	data = NULL;
-	if (respect_includes) {
-		inc.fn = fn;
-		inc.data = data;
-		fn = git_config_include;
-		data = &inc;
+	git_config_with_options(collect_config, &values,
+				given_config_file, respect_includes);
+
+	ret = !values.nr;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < values.nr; i++) {
+		struct strbuf *buf = values.items + i;
+		if (do_all || i == values.nr - 1)
+			fwrite(buf->buf, 1, buf->len, stdout);
+		strbuf_release(buf);
 	}
+	free(values.items);
 
-	if (do_all && system_wide)
-		git_config_from_file(fn, system_wide, data);
-	if (do_all && global)
-		git_config_from_file(fn, global, data);
-	if (do_all)
-		git_config_from_file(fn, local, data);
-	git_config_from_parameters(fn, data);
-	if (!do_all && !seen)
-		git_config_from_file(fn, local, data);
-	if (!do_all && !seen && global)
-		git_config_from_file(fn, global, data);
-	if (!do_all && !seen && system_wide)
-		git_config_from_file(fn, system_wide, data);
-
+free_strings:
 	free(key);
+	if (key_regexp) {
+		regfree(key_regexp);
+		free(key_regexp);
+	}
 	if (regexp) {
 		regfree(regexp);
 		free(regexp);
 	}
 
-	if (do_all)
-		ret = !seen;
-	else
-		ret = (seen == 1) ? 0 : seen > 1 ? 2 : 1;
-
-free_strings:
-	free(repo_config);
-	free(global);
 	return ret;
 }
 
@@ -379,13 +365,25 @@
 	}
 
 	if (use_global_config) {
-		char *home = getenv("HOME");
-		if (home) {
-			char *user_config = xstrdup(mkpath("%s/.gitconfig", home));
-			given_config_file = user_config;
-		} else {
+		char *user_config = NULL;
+		char *xdg_config = NULL;
+
+		home_config_paths(&user_config, &xdg_config, "config");
+
+		if (!user_config)
+			/*
+			 * It is unknown if HOME/.gitconfig exists, so
+			 * we do not know if we should write to XDG
+			 * location; error out even if XDG_CONFIG_HOME
+			 * is set and points at a sane location.
+			 */
 			die("$HOME not set");
-		}
+
+		if (access_or_warn(user_config, R_OK, 0) &&
+		    xdg_config && !access_or_warn(xdg_config, R_OK, 0))
+			given_config_file = xdg_config;
+		else
+			given_config_file = user_config;
 	}
 	else if (use_system_config)
 		given_config_file = git_etc_gitconfig();
diff --git a/builtin/count-objects.c b/builtin/count-objects.c
index c37cb98..a7f70cb 100644
--- a/builtin/count-objects.c
+++ b/builtin/count-objects.c
@@ -9,11 +9,22 @@
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
 
+static unsigned long garbage;
+static off_t size_garbage;
+
+static void real_report_garbage(const char *desc, const char *path)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+	if (!stat(path, &st))
+		size_garbage += st.st_size;
+	warning("%s: %s", desc, path);
+	garbage++;
+}
+
 static void count_objects(DIR *d, char *path, int len, int verbose,
 			  unsigned long *loose,
 			  off_t *loose_size,
-			  unsigned long *packed_loose,
-			  unsigned long *garbage)
+			  unsigned long *packed_loose)
 {
 	struct dirent *ent;
 	while ((ent = readdir(d)) != NULL) {
@@ -46,9 +57,11 @@
 		}
 		if (bad) {
 			if (verbose) {
-				error("garbage found: %.*s/%s",
-				      len + 2, path, ent->d_name);
-				(*garbage)++;
+				struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+				strbuf_addf(&sb, "%.*s/%s",
+					    len + 2, path, ent->d_name);
+				report_garbage("garbage found", sb.buf);
+				strbuf_release(&sb);
 			}
 			continue;
 		}
@@ -66,20 +79,22 @@
 }
 
 static char const * const count_objects_usage[] = {
-	"git count-objects [-v]",
+	N_("git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 int cmd_count_objects(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	int i, verbose = 0;
+	int i, verbose = 0, human_readable = 0;
 	const char *objdir = get_object_directory();
 	int len = strlen(objdir);
 	char *path = xmalloc(len + 50);
-	unsigned long loose = 0, packed = 0, packed_loose = 0, garbage = 0;
+	unsigned long loose = 0, packed = 0, packed_loose = 0;
 	off_t loose_size = 0;
 	struct option opts[] = {
-		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, "be verbose"),
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("be verbose")),
+		OPT_BOOL('H', "human-readable", &human_readable,
+			 N_("print sizes in human readable format")),
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 
@@ -87,6 +102,8 @@
 	/* we do not take arguments other than flags for now */
 	if (argc)
 		usage_with_options(count_objects_usage, opts);
+	if (verbose)
+		report_garbage = real_report_garbage;
 	memcpy(path, objdir, len);
 	if (len && objdir[len-1] != '/')
 		path[len++] = '/';
@@ -97,13 +114,16 @@
 		if (!d)
 			continue;
 		count_objects(d, path, len, verbose,
-			      &loose, &loose_size, &packed_loose, &garbage);
+			      &loose, &loose_size, &packed_loose);
 		closedir(d);
 	}
 	if (verbose) {
 		struct packed_git *p;
 		unsigned long num_pack = 0;
 		off_t size_pack = 0;
+		struct strbuf loose_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+		struct strbuf pack_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+		struct strbuf garbage_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 		if (!packed_git)
 			prepare_packed_git();
 		for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next) {
@@ -115,16 +135,40 @@
 			size_pack += p->pack_size + p->index_size;
 			num_pack++;
 		}
+
+		if (human_readable) {
+			strbuf_humanise_bytes(&loose_buf, loose_size);
+			strbuf_humanise_bytes(&pack_buf, size_pack);
+			strbuf_humanise_bytes(&garbage_buf, size_garbage);
+		} else {
+			strbuf_addf(&loose_buf, "%lu",
+				    (unsigned long)(loose_size / 1024));
+			strbuf_addf(&pack_buf, "%lu",
+				    (unsigned long)(size_pack / 1024));
+			strbuf_addf(&garbage_buf, "%lu",
+				    (unsigned long)(size_garbage / 1024));
+		}
+
 		printf("count: %lu\n", loose);
-		printf("size: %lu\n", (unsigned long) (loose_size / 1024));
+		printf("size: %s\n", loose_buf.buf);
 		printf("in-pack: %lu\n", packed);
 		printf("packs: %lu\n", num_pack);
-		printf("size-pack: %lu\n", (unsigned long) (size_pack / 1024));
+		printf("size-pack: %s\n", pack_buf.buf);
 		printf("prune-packable: %lu\n", packed_loose);
 		printf("garbage: %lu\n", garbage);
+		printf("size-garbage: %s\n", garbage_buf.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&loose_buf);
+		strbuf_release(&pack_buf);
+		strbuf_release(&garbage_buf);
+	} else {
+		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+		if (human_readable)
+			strbuf_humanise_bytes(&buf, loose_size);
+		else
+			strbuf_addf(&buf, "%lu kilobytes",
+				    (unsigned long)(loose_size / 1024));
+		printf("%lu objects, %s\n", loose, buf.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
 	}
-	else
-		printf("%lu objects, %lu kilobytes\n",
-		       loose, (unsigned long) (loose_size / 1024));
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/credential.c b/builtin/credential.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0412fa0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin/credential.c
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "credential.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+
+static const char usage_msg[] =
+	"git credential [fill|approve|reject]";
+
+int cmd_credential(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	const char *op;
+	struct credential c = CREDENTIAL_INIT;
+
+	op = argv[1];
+	if (!op)
+		usage(usage_msg);
+
+	if (credential_read(&c, stdin) < 0)
+		die("unable to read credential from stdin");
+
+	if (!strcmp(op, "fill")) {
+		credential_fill(&c);
+		credential_write(&c, stdout);
+	} else if (!strcmp(op, "approve")) {
+		credential_approve(&c);
+	} else if (!strcmp(op, "reject")) {
+		credential_reject(&c);
+	} else {
+		usage(usage_msg);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin/describe.c b/builtin/describe.c
index 9f63067..6636a68 100644
--- a/builtin/describe.c
+++ b/builtin/describe.c
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@
 #define MAX_TAGS	(FLAG_BITS - 1)
 
 static const char * const describe_usage[] = {
-	"git describe [options] <committish>*",
-	"git describe [options] --dirty",
+	N_("git describe [options] <committish>*"),
+	N_("git describe [options] --dirty"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -137,40 +137,39 @@
 
 static int get_name(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
-	int might_be_tag = !prefixcmp(path, "refs/tags/");
+	int is_tag = !prefixcmp(path, "refs/tags/");
 	unsigned char peeled[20];
-	int is_tag, prio;
+	int is_annotated, prio;
 
-	if (!all && !might_be_tag)
+	/* Reject anything outside refs/tags/ unless --all */
+	if (!all && !is_tag)
 		return 0;
 
-	if (!peel_ref(path, peeled) && !is_null_sha1(peeled)) {
-		is_tag = !!hashcmp(sha1, peeled);
+	/* Accept only tags that match the pattern, if given */
+	if (pattern && (!is_tag || fnmatch(pattern, path + 10, 0)))
+		return 0;
+
+	/* Is it annotated? */
+	if (!peel_ref(path, peeled)) {
+		is_annotated = !!hashcmp(sha1, peeled);
 	} else {
 		hashcpy(peeled, sha1);
-		is_tag = 0;
+		is_annotated = 0;
 	}
 
-	/* If --all, then any refs are used.
-	 * If --tags, then any tags are used.
-	 * Otherwise only annotated tags are used.
+	/*
+	 * By default, we only use annotated tags, but with --tags
+	 * we fall back to lightweight ones (even without --tags,
+	 * we still remember lightweight ones, only to give hints
+	 * in an error message).  --all allows any refs to be used.
 	 */
-	if (might_be_tag) {
-		if (is_tag)
-			prio = 2;
-		else
-			prio = 1;
-
-		if (pattern && fnmatch(pattern, path + 10, 0))
-			prio = 0;
-	}
+	if (is_annotated)
+		prio = 2;
+	else if (is_tag)
+		prio = 1;
 	else
 		prio = 0;
 
-	if (!all) {
-		if (!prio)
-			return 0;
-	}
 	add_to_known_names(all ? path + 5 : path + 10, peeled, prio, sha1);
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -400,22 +399,22 @@
 {
 	int contains = 0;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "contains",   &contains, "find the tag that comes after the commit"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "debug",      &debug, "debug search strategy on stderr"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "all",        &all, "use any ref in .git/refs"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "tags",       &tags, "use any tag in .git/refs/tags"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "long",       &longformat, "always use long format"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "contains",   &contains, N_("find the tag that comes after the commit")),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "debug",      &debug, N_("debug search strategy on stderr")),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "all",        &all, N_("use any ref")),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "tags",       &tags, N_("use any tag, even unannotated")),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "long",       &longformat, N_("always use long format")),
 		OPT__ABBREV(&abbrev),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "exact-match", &max_candidates,
-			    "only output exact matches", 0),
+			    N_("only output exact matches"), 0),
 		OPT_INTEGER(0, "candidates", &max_candidates,
-			    "consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)"),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "match",       &pattern, "pattern",
-			   "only consider tags matching <pattern>"),
+			    N_("consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "match",       &pattern, N_("pattern"),
+			   N_("only consider tags matching <pattern>")),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "always",     &always,
-			   "show abbreviated commit object as fallback"),
-		{OPTION_STRING, 0, "dirty",  &dirty, "mark",
-			   "append <mark> on dirty working tree (default: \"-dirty\")",
+			   N_("show abbreviated commit object as fallback")),
+		{OPTION_STRING, 0, "dirty",  &dirty, N_("mark"),
+			   N_("append <mark> on dirty working tree (default: \"-dirty\")"),
 		 PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t) "-dirty"},
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
diff --git a/builtin/diff-index.c b/builtin/diff-index.c
index 2eb32bd..1c737f7 100644
--- a/builtin/diff-index.c
+++ b/builtin/diff-index.c
@@ -41,9 +41,13 @@
 	if (rev.pending.nr != 1 ||
 	    rev.max_count != -1 || rev.min_age != -1 || rev.max_age != -1)
 		usage(diff_cache_usage);
-	if (!cached)
+	if (!cached) {
 		setup_work_tree();
-	if (read_cache() < 0) {
+		if (read_cache_preload(rev.diffopt.pathspec.raw) < 0) {
+			perror("read_cache_preload");
+			return -1;
+		}
+	} else if (read_cache() < 0) {
 		perror("read_cache");
 		return -1;
 	}
diff --git a/builtin/diff.c b/builtin/diff.c
index 9069dc4..8c2af6c 100644
--- a/builtin/diff.c
+++ b/builtin/diff.c
@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@
 			 unsigned old_mode, unsigned new_mode,
 			 const unsigned char *old_sha1,
 			 const unsigned char *new_sha1,
+			 int old_sha1_valid,
+			 int new_sha1_valid,
 			 const char *old_name,
 			 const char *new_name)
 {
@@ -54,8 +56,8 @@
 
 	one = alloc_filespec(old_name);
 	two = alloc_filespec(new_name);
-	fill_filespec(one, old_sha1, old_mode);
-	fill_filespec(two, new_sha1, new_mode);
+	fill_filespec(one, old_sha1, old_sha1_valid, old_mode);
+	fill_filespec(two, new_sha1, new_sha1_valid, new_mode);
 
 	diff_queue(&diff_queued_diff, one, two);
 }
@@ -84,6 +86,7 @@
 	stuff_change(&revs->diffopt,
 		     blob[0].mode, canon_mode(st.st_mode),
 		     blob[0].sha1, null_sha1,
+		     1, 0,
 		     path, path);
 	diffcore_std(&revs->diffopt);
 	diff_flush(&revs->diffopt);
@@ -108,6 +111,7 @@
 	stuff_change(&revs->diffopt,
 		     blob[0].mode, blob[1].mode,
 		     blob[0].sha1, blob[1].sha1,
+		     1, 1,
 		     blob[0].name, blob[1].name);
 	diffcore_std(&revs->diffopt);
 	diff_flush(&revs->diffopt);
@@ -126,8 +130,6 @@
 			usage(builtin_diff_usage);
 		argv++; argc--;
 	}
-	if (!cached)
-		setup_work_tree();
 	/*
 	 * Make sure there is one revision (i.e. pending object),
 	 * and there is no revision filtering parameters.
@@ -136,8 +138,14 @@
 	    revs->max_count != -1 || revs->min_age != -1 ||
 	    revs->max_age != -1)
 		usage(builtin_diff_usage);
-	if (read_cache_preload(revs->diffopt.pathspec.raw) < 0) {
-		perror("read_cache_preload");
+	if (!cached) {
+		setup_work_tree();
+		if (read_cache_preload(revs->diffopt.pathspec.raw) < 0) {
+			perror("read_cache_preload");
+			return -1;
+		}
+	} else if (read_cache() < 0) {
+		perror("read_cache");
 		return -1;
 	}
 	return run_diff_index(revs, cached);
@@ -298,19 +306,12 @@
 	argc = setup_revisions(argc, argv, &rev, NULL);
 	if (!rev.diffopt.output_format) {
 		rev.diffopt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;
-		if (diff_setup_done(&rev.diffopt) < 0)
-			die(_("diff_setup_done failed"));
+		diff_setup_done(&rev.diffopt);
 	}
 
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&rev.diffopt, RECURSIVE);
 
-	/*
-	 * If the user asked for our exit code then don't start a
-	 * pager or we would end up reporting its exit code instead.
-	 */
-	if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(&rev.diffopt, EXIT_WITH_STATUS) &&
-	    check_pager_config("diff") != 0)
-		setup_pager();
+	setup_diff_pager(&rev.diffopt);
 
 	/*
 	 * Do we have --cached and not have a pending object, then
diff --git a/builtin/fast-export.c b/builtin/fast-export.c
index ef7c012..d60d675 100644
--- a/builtin/fast-export.c
+++ b/builtin/fast-export.c
@@ -19,12 +19,12 @@
 #include "quote.h"
 
 static const char *fast_export_usage[] = {
-	"git fast-export [rev-list-opts]",
+	N_("git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static int progress;
-static enum { ABORT, VERBATIM, WARN, STRIP } signed_tag_mode = ABORT;
+static enum { ABORT, VERBATIM, WARN, WARN_STRIP, STRIP } signed_tag_mode = ABORT;
 static enum { ERROR, DROP, REWRITE } tag_of_filtered_mode = ERROR;
 static int fake_missing_tagger;
 static int use_done_feature;
@@ -40,10 +40,12 @@
 		signed_tag_mode = VERBATIM;
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "warn"))
 		signed_tag_mode = WARN;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "warn-strip"))
+		signed_tag_mode = WARN_STRIP;
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "strip"))
 		signed_tag_mode = STRIP;
 	else
-		return error("Unknown signed-tag mode: %s", arg);
+		return error("Unknown signed-tags mode: %s", arg);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -113,12 +115,13 @@
 		printf("progress %d objects\n", counter);
 }
 
-static void handle_object(const unsigned char *sha1)
+static void export_blob(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	unsigned long size;
 	enum object_type type;
 	char *buf;
 	struct object *object;
+	int eaten;
 
 	if (no_data)
 		return;
@@ -126,16 +129,18 @@
 	if (is_null_sha1(sha1))
 		return;
 
-	object = parse_object(sha1);
-	if (!object)
-		die ("Could not read blob %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-
-	if (object->flags & SHOWN)
+	object = lookup_object(sha1);
+	if (object && object->flags & SHOWN)
 		return;
 
 	buf = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
 	if (!buf)
 		die ("Could not read blob %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	if (check_sha1_signature(sha1, buf, size, typename(type)) < 0)
+		die("sha1 mismatch in blob %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	object = parse_object_buffer(sha1, type, size, buf, &eaten);
+	if (!object)
+		die("Could not read blob %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 
 	mark_next_object(object);
 
@@ -147,7 +152,8 @@
 	show_progress();
 
 	object->flags |= SHOWN;
-	free(buf);
+	if (!eaten)
+		free(buf);
 }
 
 static int depth_first(const void *a_, const void *b_)
@@ -185,6 +191,8 @@
 	int need_quote = quote_c_style(path, NULL, NULL, 0);
 	if (need_quote)
 		quote_c_style(path, NULL, stdout, 0);
+	else if (strchr(path, ' '))
+		printf("\"%s\"", path);
 	else
 		printf("%s", path);
 }
@@ -310,7 +318,7 @@
 	/* Export the referenced blobs, and remember the marks. */
 	for (i = 0; i < diff_queued_diff.nr; i++)
 		if (!S_ISGITLINK(diff_queued_diff.queue[i]->two->mode))
-			handle_object(diff_queued_diff.queue[i]->two->sha1);
+			export_blob(diff_queued_diff.queue[i]->two->sha1);
 
 	mark_next_object(&commit->object);
 	if (!is_encoding_utf8(encoding))
@@ -414,7 +422,7 @@
 			switch(signed_tag_mode) {
 			case ABORT:
 				die ("Encountered signed tag %s; use "
-				     "--signed-tag=<mode> to handle it.",
+				     "--signed-tags=<mode> to handle it.",
 				     sha1_to_hex(tag->object.sha1));
 			case WARN:
 				warning ("Exporting signed tag %s",
@@ -422,6 +430,10 @@
 				/* fallthru */
 			case VERBATIM:
 				break;
+			case WARN_STRIP:
+				warning ("Stripping signature from tag %s",
+					 sha1_to_hex(tag->object.sha1));
+				/* fallthru */
 			case STRIP:
 				message_size = signature + 1 - message;
 				break;
@@ -472,18 +484,21 @@
 	       (int)message_size, (int)message_size, message ? message : "");
 }
 
-static void get_tags_and_duplicates(struct object_array *pending,
+static void get_tags_and_duplicates(struct rev_cmdline_info *info,
 				    struct string_list *extra_refs)
 {
 	struct tag *tag;
 	int i;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < pending->nr; i++) {
-		struct object_array_entry *e = pending->objects + i;
+	for (i = 0; i < info->nr; i++) {
+		struct rev_cmdline_entry *e = info->rev + i;
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
-		struct commit *commit = commit;
+		struct commit *commit;
 		char *full_name;
 
+		if (e->flags & UNINTERESTING)
+			continue;
+
 		if (dwim_ref(e->name, strlen(e->name), sha1, &full_name) != 1)
 			continue;
 
@@ -507,7 +522,7 @@
 				commit = (struct commit *)tag;
 				break;
 			case OBJ_BLOB:
-				handle_object(tag->object.sha1);
+				export_blob(tag->object.sha1);
 				continue;
 			default: /* OBJ_TAG (nested tags) is already handled */
 				warning("Tag points to object of unexpected type %s, skipping.",
@@ -521,10 +536,14 @@
 				typename(e->item->type));
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (commit->util)
-			/* more than one name for the same object */
+
+		/*
+		 * This ref will not be updated through a commit, lets make
+		 * sure it gets properly updated eventually.
+		 */
+		if (commit->util || commit->object.flags & SHOWN)
 			string_list_append(extra_refs, full_name)->util = commit;
-		else
+		if (!commit->util)
 			commit->util = full_name;
 	}
 }
@@ -605,16 +624,21 @@
 			|| *mark_end != ' ' || get_sha1(mark_end + 1, sha1))
 			die("corrupt mark line: %s", line);
 
+		if (last_idnum < mark)
+			last_idnum = mark;
+
 		object = parse_object(sha1);
 		if (!object)
-			die ("Could not read blob %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+			continue;
 
 		if (object->flags & SHOWN)
 			error("Object %s already has a mark", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 
+		if (object->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
+			/* only commits */
+			continue;
+
 		mark_object(object, mark);
-		if (last_idnum < mark)
-			last_idnum = mark;
 
 		object->flags |= SHOWN;
 	}
@@ -628,26 +652,27 @@
 	struct string_list extra_refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 	struct commit *commit;
 	char *export_filename = NULL, *import_filename = NULL;
+	uint32_t lastimportid;
 	struct option options[] = {
 		OPT_INTEGER(0, "progress", &progress,
-			    "show progress after <n> objects"),
-		OPT_CALLBACK(0, "signed-tags", &signed_tag_mode, "mode",
-			     "select handling of signed tags",
+			    N_("show progress after <n> objects")),
+		OPT_CALLBACK(0, "signed-tags", &signed_tag_mode, N_("mode"),
+			     N_("select handling of signed tags"),
 			     parse_opt_signed_tag_mode),
-		OPT_CALLBACK(0, "tag-of-filtered-object", &tag_of_filtered_mode, "mode",
-			     "select handling of tags that tag filtered objects",
+		OPT_CALLBACK(0, "tag-of-filtered-object", &tag_of_filtered_mode, N_("mode"),
+			     N_("select handling of tags that tag filtered objects"),
 			     parse_opt_tag_of_filtered_mode),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "export-marks", &export_filename, "file",
-			     "Dump marks to this file"),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "import-marks", &import_filename, "file",
-			     "Import marks from this file"),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "export-marks", &export_filename, N_("file"),
+			     N_("Dump marks to this file")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "import-marks", &import_filename, N_("file"),
+			     N_("Import marks from this file")),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "fake-missing-tagger", &fake_missing_tagger,
-			     "Fake a tagger when tags lack one"),
+			     N_("Fake a tagger when tags lack one")),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "full-tree", &full_tree,
-			     "Output full tree for each commit"),
+			     N_("Output full tree for each commit")),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "use-done-feature", &use_done_feature,
-			     "Use the done feature to terminate the stream"),
-		OPT_BOOL(0, "no-data", &no_data, "Skip output of blob data"),
+			     N_("Use the done feature to terminate the stream")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "no-data", &no_data, N_("Skip output of blob data")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -671,11 +696,12 @@
 
 	if (import_filename)
 		import_marks(import_filename);
+	lastimportid = last_idnum;
 
 	if (import_filename && revs.prune_data.nr)
 		full_tree = 1;
 
-	get_tags_and_duplicates(&revs.pending, &extra_refs);
+	get_tags_and_duplicates(&revs.cmdline, &extra_refs);
 
 	if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
 		die("revision walk setup failed");
@@ -693,7 +719,7 @@
 
 	handle_tags_and_duplicates(&extra_refs);
 
-	if (export_filename)
+	if (export_filename && lastimportid != last_idnum)
 		export_marks(export_filename);
 
 	if (use_done_feature)
diff --git a/builtin/fetch-pack.c b/builtin/fetch-pack.c
index 149db88..aba4465 100644
--- a/builtin/fetch-pack.c
+++ b/builtin/fetch-pack.c
@@ -1,900 +1,28 @@
 #include "builtin.h"
-#include "refs.h"
 #include "pkt-line.h"
-#include "commit.h"
-#include "tag.h"
-#include "exec_cmd.h"
-#include "pack.h"
-#include "sideband.h"
 #include "fetch-pack.h"
-#include "remote.h"
-#include "run-command.h"
-#include "transport.h"
-
-static int transfer_unpack_limit = -1;
-static int fetch_unpack_limit = -1;
-static int unpack_limit = 100;
-static int prefer_ofs_delta = 1;
-static int no_done;
-static int fetch_fsck_objects = -1;
-static int transfer_fsck_objects = -1;
-static struct fetch_pack_args args = {
-	/* .uploadpack = */ "git-upload-pack",
-};
 
 static const char fetch_pack_usage[] =
 "git fetch-pack [--all] [--stdin] [--quiet|-q] [--keep|-k] [--thin] "
 "[--include-tag] [--upload-pack=<git-upload-pack>] [--depth=<n>] "
 "[--no-progress] [-v] [<host>:]<directory> [<refs>...]";
 
-#define COMPLETE	(1U << 0)
-#define COMMON		(1U << 1)
-#define COMMON_REF	(1U << 2)
-#define SEEN		(1U << 3)
-#define POPPED		(1U << 4)
-
-static int marked;
-
-/*
- * After sending this many "have"s if we do not get any new ACK , we
- * give up traversing our history.
- */
-#define MAX_IN_VAIN 256
-
-static struct commit_list *rev_list;
-static int non_common_revs, multi_ack, use_sideband;
-
-static void rev_list_push(struct commit *commit, int mark)
+static void add_sought_entry_mem(struct ref ***sought, int *nr, int *alloc,
+				 const char *name, int namelen)
 {
-	if (!(commit->object.flags & mark)) {
-		commit->object.flags |= mark;
+	struct ref *ref = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*ref) + namelen + 1);
 
-		if (!(commit->object.parsed))
-			if (parse_commit(commit))
-				return;
-
-		commit_list_insert_by_date(commit, &rev_list);
-
-		if (!(commit->object.flags & COMMON))
-			non_common_revs++;
-	}
+	memcpy(ref->name, name, namelen);
+	ref->name[namelen] = '\0';
+	(*nr)++;
+	ALLOC_GROW(*sought, *nr, *alloc);
+	(*sought)[*nr - 1] = ref;
 }
 
-static int rev_list_insert_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+static void add_sought_entry(struct ref ***sought, int *nr, int *alloc,
+			     const char *string)
 {
-	struct object *o = deref_tag(parse_object(sha1), refname, 0);
-
-	if (o && o->type == OBJ_COMMIT)
-		rev_list_push((struct commit *)o, SEEN);
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int clear_marks(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
-{
-	struct object *o = deref_tag(parse_object(sha1), refname, 0);
-
-	if (o && o->type == OBJ_COMMIT)
-		clear_commit_marks((struct commit *)o,
-				   COMMON | COMMON_REF | SEEN | POPPED);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
-   This function marks a rev and its ancestors as common.
-   In some cases, it is desirable to mark only the ancestors (for example
-   when only the server does not yet know that they are common).
-*/
-
-static void mark_common(struct commit *commit,
-		int ancestors_only, int dont_parse)
-{
-	if (commit != NULL && !(commit->object.flags & COMMON)) {
-		struct object *o = (struct object *)commit;
-
-		if (!ancestors_only)
-			o->flags |= COMMON;
-
-		if (!(o->flags & SEEN))
-			rev_list_push(commit, SEEN);
-		else {
-			struct commit_list *parents;
-
-			if (!ancestors_only && !(o->flags & POPPED))
-				non_common_revs--;
-			if (!o->parsed && !dont_parse)
-				if (parse_commit(commit))
-					return;
-
-			for (parents = commit->parents;
-					parents;
-					parents = parents->next)
-				mark_common(parents->item, 0, dont_parse);
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-/*
-  Get the next rev to send, ignoring the common.
-*/
-
-static const unsigned char *get_rev(void)
-{
-	struct commit *commit = NULL;
-
-	while (commit == NULL) {
-		unsigned int mark;
-		struct commit_list *parents;
-
-		if (rev_list == NULL || non_common_revs == 0)
-			return NULL;
-
-		commit = rev_list->item;
-		if (!commit->object.parsed)
-			parse_commit(commit);
-		parents = commit->parents;
-
-		commit->object.flags |= POPPED;
-		if (!(commit->object.flags & COMMON))
-			non_common_revs--;
-
-		if (commit->object.flags & COMMON) {
-			/* do not send "have", and ignore ancestors */
-			commit = NULL;
-			mark = COMMON | SEEN;
-		} else if (commit->object.flags & COMMON_REF)
-			/* send "have", and ignore ancestors */
-			mark = COMMON | SEEN;
-		else
-			/* send "have", also for its ancestors */
-			mark = SEEN;
-
-		while (parents) {
-			if (!(parents->item->object.flags & SEEN))
-				rev_list_push(parents->item, mark);
-			if (mark & COMMON)
-				mark_common(parents->item, 1, 0);
-			parents = parents->next;
-		}
-
-		rev_list = rev_list->next;
-	}
-
-	return commit->object.sha1;
-}
-
-enum ack_type {
-	NAK = 0,
-	ACK,
-	ACK_continue,
-	ACK_common,
-	ACK_ready
-};
-
-static void consume_shallow_list(int fd)
-{
-	if (args.stateless_rpc && args.depth > 0) {
-		/* If we sent a depth we will get back "duplicate"
-		 * shallow and unshallow commands every time there
-		 * is a block of have lines exchanged.
-		 */
-		char line[1000];
-		while (packet_read_line(fd, line, sizeof(line))) {
-			if (!prefixcmp(line, "shallow "))
-				continue;
-			if (!prefixcmp(line, "unshallow "))
-				continue;
-			die("git fetch-pack: expected shallow list");
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-struct write_shallow_data {
-	struct strbuf *out;
-	int use_pack_protocol;
-	int count;
-};
-
-static int write_one_shallow(const struct commit_graft *graft, void *cb_data)
-{
-	struct write_shallow_data *data = cb_data;
-	const char *hex = sha1_to_hex(graft->sha1);
-	data->count++;
-	if (data->use_pack_protocol)
-		packet_buf_write(data->out, "shallow %s", hex);
-	else {
-		strbuf_addstr(data->out, hex);
-		strbuf_addch(data->out, '\n');
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int write_shallow_commits(struct strbuf *out, int use_pack_protocol)
-{
-	struct write_shallow_data data;
-	data.out = out;
-	data.use_pack_protocol = use_pack_protocol;
-	data.count = 0;
-	for_each_commit_graft(write_one_shallow, &data);
-	return data.count;
-}
-
-static enum ack_type get_ack(int fd, unsigned char *result_sha1)
-{
-	static char line[1000];
-	int len = packet_read_line(fd, line, sizeof(line));
-
-	if (!len)
-		die("git fetch-pack: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF");
-	if (line[len-1] == '\n')
-		line[--len] = 0;
-	if (!strcmp(line, "NAK"))
-		return NAK;
-	if (!prefixcmp(line, "ACK ")) {
-		if (!get_sha1_hex(line+4, result_sha1)) {
-			if (strstr(line+45, "continue"))
-				return ACK_continue;
-			if (strstr(line+45, "common"))
-				return ACK_common;
-			if (strstr(line+45, "ready"))
-				return ACK_ready;
-			return ACK;
-		}
-	}
-	die("git fetch_pack: expected ACK/NAK, got '%s'", line);
-}
-
-static void send_request(int fd, struct strbuf *buf)
-{
-	if (args.stateless_rpc) {
-		send_sideband(fd, -1, buf->buf, buf->len, LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
-		packet_flush(fd);
-	} else
-		safe_write(fd, buf->buf, buf->len);
-}
-
-static void insert_one_alternate_ref(const struct ref *ref, void *unused)
-{
-	rev_list_insert_ref(NULL, ref->old_sha1, 0, NULL);
-}
-
-#define INITIAL_FLUSH 16
-#define PIPESAFE_FLUSH 32
-#define LARGE_FLUSH 1024
-
-static int next_flush(int count)
-{
-	int flush_limit = args.stateless_rpc ? LARGE_FLUSH : PIPESAFE_FLUSH;
-
-	if (count < flush_limit)
-		count <<= 1;
-	else
-		count += flush_limit;
-	return count;
-}
-
-static int find_common(int fd[2], unsigned char *result_sha1,
-		       struct ref *refs)
-{
-	int fetching;
-	int count = 0, flushes = 0, flush_at = INITIAL_FLUSH, retval;
-	const unsigned char *sha1;
-	unsigned in_vain = 0;
-	int got_continue = 0;
-	int got_ready = 0;
-	struct strbuf req_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	size_t state_len = 0;
-
-	if (args.stateless_rpc && multi_ack == 1)
-		die("--stateless-rpc requires multi_ack_detailed");
-	if (marked)
-		for_each_ref(clear_marks, NULL);
-	marked = 1;
-
-	for_each_ref(rev_list_insert_ref, NULL);
-	for_each_alternate_ref(insert_one_alternate_ref, NULL);
-
-	fetching = 0;
-	for ( ; refs ; refs = refs->next) {
-		unsigned char *remote = refs->old_sha1;
-		const char *remote_hex;
-		struct object *o;
-
-		/*
-		 * If that object is complete (i.e. it is an ancestor of a
-		 * local ref), we tell them we have it but do not have to
-		 * tell them about its ancestors, which they already know
-		 * about.
-		 *
-		 * We use lookup_object here because we are only
-		 * interested in the case we *know* the object is
-		 * reachable and we have already scanned it.
-		 */
-		if (((o = lookup_object(remote)) != NULL) &&
-				(o->flags & COMPLETE)) {
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		remote_hex = sha1_to_hex(remote);
-		if (!fetching) {
-			struct strbuf c = STRBUF_INIT;
-			if (multi_ack == 2)     strbuf_addstr(&c, " multi_ack_detailed");
-			if (multi_ack == 1)     strbuf_addstr(&c, " multi_ack");
-			if (no_done)            strbuf_addstr(&c, " no-done");
-			if (use_sideband == 2)  strbuf_addstr(&c, " side-band-64k");
-			if (use_sideband == 1)  strbuf_addstr(&c, " side-band");
-			if (args.use_thin_pack) strbuf_addstr(&c, " thin-pack");
-			if (args.no_progress)   strbuf_addstr(&c, " no-progress");
-			if (args.include_tag)   strbuf_addstr(&c, " include-tag");
-			if (prefer_ofs_delta)   strbuf_addstr(&c, " ofs-delta");
-			packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "want %s%s\n", remote_hex, c.buf);
-			strbuf_release(&c);
-		} else
-			packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "want %s\n", remote_hex);
-		fetching++;
-	}
-
-	if (!fetching) {
-		strbuf_release(&req_buf);
-		packet_flush(fd[1]);
-		return 1;
-	}
-
-	if (is_repository_shallow())
-		write_shallow_commits(&req_buf, 1);
-	if (args.depth > 0)
-		packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "deepen %d", args.depth);
-	packet_buf_flush(&req_buf);
-	state_len = req_buf.len;
-
-	if (args.depth > 0) {
-		char line[1024];
-		unsigned char sha1[20];
-
-		send_request(fd[1], &req_buf);
-		while (packet_read_line(fd[0], line, sizeof(line))) {
-			if (!prefixcmp(line, "shallow ")) {
-				if (get_sha1_hex(line + 8, sha1))
-					die("invalid shallow line: %s", line);
-				register_shallow(sha1);
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!prefixcmp(line, "unshallow ")) {
-				if (get_sha1_hex(line + 10, sha1))
-					die("invalid unshallow line: %s", line);
-				if (!lookup_object(sha1))
-					die("object not found: %s", line);
-				/* make sure that it is parsed as shallow */
-				if (!parse_object(sha1))
-					die("error in object: %s", line);
-				if (unregister_shallow(sha1))
-					die("no shallow found: %s", line);
-				continue;
-			}
-			die("expected shallow/unshallow, got %s", line);
-		}
-	} else if (!args.stateless_rpc)
-		send_request(fd[1], &req_buf);
-
-	if (!args.stateless_rpc) {
-		/* If we aren't using the stateless-rpc interface
-		 * we don't need to retain the headers.
-		 */
-		strbuf_setlen(&req_buf, 0);
-		state_len = 0;
-	}
-
-	flushes = 0;
-	retval = -1;
-	while ((sha1 = get_rev())) {
-		packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "have %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-		if (args.verbose)
-			fprintf(stderr, "have %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-		in_vain++;
-		if (flush_at <= ++count) {
-			int ack;
-
-			packet_buf_flush(&req_buf);
-			send_request(fd[1], &req_buf);
-			strbuf_setlen(&req_buf, state_len);
-			flushes++;
-			flush_at = next_flush(count);
-
-			/*
-			 * We keep one window "ahead" of the other side, and
-			 * will wait for an ACK only on the next one
-			 */
-			if (!args.stateless_rpc && count == INITIAL_FLUSH)
-				continue;
-
-			consume_shallow_list(fd[0]);
-			do {
-				ack = get_ack(fd[0], result_sha1);
-				if (args.verbose && ack)
-					fprintf(stderr, "got ack %d %s\n", ack,
-							sha1_to_hex(result_sha1));
-				switch (ack) {
-				case ACK:
-					flushes = 0;
-					multi_ack = 0;
-					retval = 0;
-					goto done;
-				case ACK_common:
-				case ACK_ready:
-				case ACK_continue: {
-					struct commit *commit =
-						lookup_commit(result_sha1);
-					if (!commit)
-						die("invalid commit %s", sha1_to_hex(result_sha1));
-					if (args.stateless_rpc
-					 && ack == ACK_common
-					 && !(commit->object.flags & COMMON)) {
-						/* We need to replay the have for this object
-						 * on the next RPC request so the peer knows
-						 * it is in common with us.
-						 */
-						const char *hex = sha1_to_hex(result_sha1);
-						packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "have %s\n", hex);
-						state_len = req_buf.len;
-					}
-					mark_common(commit, 0, 1);
-					retval = 0;
-					in_vain = 0;
-					got_continue = 1;
-					if (ack == ACK_ready) {
-						rev_list = NULL;
-						got_ready = 1;
-					}
-					break;
-					}
-				}
-			} while (ack);
-			flushes--;
-			if (got_continue && MAX_IN_VAIN < in_vain) {
-				if (args.verbose)
-					fprintf(stderr, "giving up\n");
-				break; /* give up */
-			}
-		}
-	}
-done:
-	if (!got_ready || !no_done) {
-		packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "done\n");
-		send_request(fd[1], &req_buf);
-	}
-	if (args.verbose)
-		fprintf(stderr, "done\n");
-	if (retval != 0) {
-		multi_ack = 0;
-		flushes++;
-	}
-	strbuf_release(&req_buf);
-
-	consume_shallow_list(fd[0]);
-	while (flushes || multi_ack) {
-		int ack = get_ack(fd[0], result_sha1);
-		if (ack) {
-			if (args.verbose)
-				fprintf(stderr, "got ack (%d) %s\n", ack,
-					sha1_to_hex(result_sha1));
-			if (ack == ACK)
-				return 0;
-			multi_ack = 1;
-			continue;
-		}
-		flushes--;
-	}
-	/* it is no error to fetch into a completely empty repo */
-	return count ? retval : 0;
-}
-
-static struct commit_list *complete;
-
-static int mark_complete(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
-{
-	struct object *o = parse_object(sha1);
-
-	while (o && o->type == OBJ_TAG) {
-		struct tag *t = (struct tag *) o;
-		if (!t->tagged)
-			break; /* broken repository */
-		o->flags |= COMPLETE;
-		o = parse_object(t->tagged->sha1);
-	}
-	if (o && o->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
-		struct commit *commit = (struct commit *)o;
-		if (!(commit->object.flags & COMPLETE)) {
-			commit->object.flags |= COMPLETE;
-			commit_list_insert_by_date(commit, &complete);
-		}
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static void mark_recent_complete_commits(unsigned long cutoff)
-{
-	while (complete && cutoff <= complete->item->date) {
-		if (args.verbose)
-			fprintf(stderr, "Marking %s as complete\n",
-				sha1_to_hex(complete->item->object.sha1));
-		pop_most_recent_commit(&complete, COMPLETE);
-	}
-}
-
-static void filter_refs(struct ref **refs, int nr_match, char **match)
-{
-	struct ref **return_refs;
-	struct ref *newlist = NULL;
-	struct ref **newtail = &newlist;
-	struct ref *ref, *next;
-	struct ref *fastarray[32];
-	int match_pos;
-
-	if (nr_match && !args.fetch_all) {
-		if (ARRAY_SIZE(fastarray) < nr_match)
-			return_refs = xcalloc(nr_match, sizeof(struct ref *));
-		else {
-			return_refs = fastarray;
-			memset(return_refs, 0, sizeof(struct ref *) * nr_match);
-		}
-	}
-	else
-		return_refs = NULL;
-
-	match_pos = 0;
-	for (ref = *refs; ref; ref = next) {
-		next = ref->next;
-		if (!memcmp(ref->name, "refs/", 5) &&
-		    check_refname_format(ref->name + 5, 0))
-			; /* trash */
-		else if (args.fetch_all &&
-			 (!args.depth || prefixcmp(ref->name, "refs/tags/") )) {
-			*newtail = ref;
-			ref->next = NULL;
-			newtail = &ref->next;
-			continue;
-		}
-		else {
-			int cmp = -1;
-			while (match_pos < nr_match) {
-				cmp = strcmp(ref->name, match[match_pos]);
-				if (cmp < 0) /* definitely do not have it */
-					break;
-				else if (cmp == 0) { /* definitely have it */
-					match[match_pos][0] = '\0';
-					return_refs[match_pos] = ref;
-					break;
-				}
-				else /* might have it; keep looking */
-					match_pos++;
-			}
-			if (!cmp)
-				continue; /* we will link it later */
-		}
-		free(ref);
-	}
-
-	if (!args.fetch_all) {
-		int i;
-		for (i = 0; i < nr_match; i++) {
-			ref = return_refs[i];
-			if (ref) {
-				*newtail = ref;
-				ref->next = NULL;
-				newtail = &ref->next;
-			}
-		}
-		if (return_refs != fastarray)
-			free(return_refs);
-	}
-	*refs = newlist;
-}
-
-static void mark_alternate_complete(const struct ref *ref, void *unused)
-{
-	mark_complete(NULL, ref->old_sha1, 0, NULL);
-}
-
-static int everything_local(struct ref **refs, int nr_match, char **match)
-{
-	struct ref *ref;
-	int retval;
-	unsigned long cutoff = 0;
-
-	save_commit_buffer = 0;
-
-	for (ref = *refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
-		struct object *o;
-
-		o = parse_object(ref->old_sha1);
-		if (!o)
-			continue;
-
-		/* We already have it -- which may mean that we were
-		 * in sync with the other side at some time after
-		 * that (it is OK if we guess wrong here).
-		 */
-		if (o->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
-			struct commit *commit = (struct commit *)o;
-			if (!cutoff || cutoff < commit->date)
-				cutoff = commit->date;
-		}
-	}
-
-	if (!args.depth) {
-		for_each_ref(mark_complete, NULL);
-		for_each_alternate_ref(mark_alternate_complete, NULL);
-		if (cutoff)
-			mark_recent_complete_commits(cutoff);
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * Mark all complete remote refs as common refs.
-	 * Don't mark them common yet; the server has to be told so first.
-	 */
-	for (ref = *refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
-		struct object *o = deref_tag(lookup_object(ref->old_sha1),
-					     NULL, 0);
-
-		if (!o || o->type != OBJ_COMMIT || !(o->flags & COMPLETE))
-			continue;
-
-		if (!(o->flags & SEEN)) {
-			rev_list_push((struct commit *)o, COMMON_REF | SEEN);
-
-			mark_common((struct commit *)o, 1, 1);
-		}
-	}
-
-	filter_refs(refs, nr_match, match);
-
-	for (retval = 1, ref = *refs; ref ; ref = ref->next) {
-		const unsigned char *remote = ref->old_sha1;
-		unsigned char local[20];
-		struct object *o;
-
-		o = lookup_object(remote);
-		if (!o || !(o->flags & COMPLETE)) {
-			retval = 0;
-			if (!args.verbose)
-				continue;
-			fprintf(stderr,
-				"want %s (%s)\n", sha1_to_hex(remote),
-				ref->name);
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		hashcpy(ref->new_sha1, local);
-		if (!args.verbose)
-			continue;
-		fprintf(stderr,
-			"already have %s (%s)\n", sha1_to_hex(remote),
-			ref->name);
-	}
-	return retval;
-}
-
-static int sideband_demux(int in, int out, void *data)
-{
-	int *xd = data;
-
-	int ret = recv_sideband("fetch-pack", xd[0], out);
-	close(out);
-	return ret;
-}
-
-static int get_pack(int xd[2], char **pack_lockfile)
-{
-	struct async demux;
-	const char *argv[20];
-	char keep_arg[256];
-	char hdr_arg[256];
-	const char **av;
-	int do_keep = args.keep_pack;
-	struct child_process cmd;
-
-	memset(&demux, 0, sizeof(demux));
-	if (use_sideband) {
-		/* xd[] is talking with upload-pack; subprocess reads from
-		 * xd[0], spits out band#2 to stderr, and feeds us band#1
-		 * through demux->out.
-		 */
-		demux.proc = sideband_demux;
-		demux.data = xd;
-		demux.out = -1;
-		if (start_async(&demux))
-			die("fetch-pack: unable to fork off sideband"
-			    " demultiplexer");
-	}
-	else
-		demux.out = xd[0];
-
-	memset(&cmd, 0, sizeof(cmd));
-	cmd.argv = argv;
-	av = argv;
-	*hdr_arg = 0;
-	if (!args.keep_pack && unpack_limit) {
-		struct pack_header header;
-
-		if (read_pack_header(demux.out, &header))
-			die("protocol error: bad pack header");
-		snprintf(hdr_arg, sizeof(hdr_arg),
-			 "--pack_header=%"PRIu32",%"PRIu32,
-			 ntohl(header.hdr_version), ntohl(header.hdr_entries));
-		if (ntohl(header.hdr_entries) < unpack_limit)
-			do_keep = 0;
-		else
-			do_keep = 1;
-	}
-
-	if (do_keep) {
-		if (pack_lockfile)
-			cmd.out = -1;
-		*av++ = "index-pack";
-		*av++ = "--stdin";
-		if (!args.quiet && !args.no_progress)
-			*av++ = "-v";
-		if (args.use_thin_pack)
-			*av++ = "--fix-thin";
-		if (args.lock_pack || unpack_limit) {
-			int s = sprintf(keep_arg,
-					"--keep=fetch-pack %"PRIuMAX " on ", (uintmax_t) getpid());
-			if (gethostname(keep_arg + s, sizeof(keep_arg) - s))
-				strcpy(keep_arg + s, "localhost");
-			*av++ = keep_arg;
-		}
-	}
-	else {
-		*av++ = "unpack-objects";
-		if (args.quiet || args.no_progress)
-			*av++ = "-q";
-	}
-	if (*hdr_arg)
-		*av++ = hdr_arg;
-	if (fetch_fsck_objects >= 0
-	    ? fetch_fsck_objects
-	    : transfer_fsck_objects >= 0
-	    ? transfer_fsck_objects
-	    : 0)
-		*av++ = "--strict";
-	*av++ = NULL;
-
-	cmd.in = demux.out;
-	cmd.git_cmd = 1;
-	if (start_command(&cmd))
-		die("fetch-pack: unable to fork off %s", argv[0]);
-	if (do_keep && pack_lockfile) {
-		*pack_lockfile = index_pack_lockfile(cmd.out);
-		close(cmd.out);
-	}
-
-	if (finish_command(&cmd))
-		die("%s failed", argv[0]);
-	if (use_sideband && finish_async(&demux))
-		die("error in sideband demultiplexer");
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static struct ref *do_fetch_pack(int fd[2],
-		const struct ref *orig_ref,
-		int nr_match,
-		char **match,
-		char **pack_lockfile)
-{
-	struct ref *ref = copy_ref_list(orig_ref);
-	unsigned char sha1[20];
-
-	sort_ref_list(&ref, ref_compare_name);
-
-	if (is_repository_shallow() && !server_supports("shallow"))
-		die("Server does not support shallow clients");
-	if (server_supports("multi_ack_detailed")) {
-		if (args.verbose)
-			fprintf(stderr, "Server supports multi_ack_detailed\n");
-		multi_ack = 2;
-		if (server_supports("no-done")) {
-			if (args.verbose)
-				fprintf(stderr, "Server supports no-done\n");
-			if (args.stateless_rpc)
-				no_done = 1;
-		}
-	}
-	else if (server_supports("multi_ack")) {
-		if (args.verbose)
-			fprintf(stderr, "Server supports multi_ack\n");
-		multi_ack = 1;
-	}
-	if (server_supports("side-band-64k")) {
-		if (args.verbose)
-			fprintf(stderr, "Server supports side-band-64k\n");
-		use_sideband = 2;
-	}
-	else if (server_supports("side-band")) {
-		if (args.verbose)
-			fprintf(stderr, "Server supports side-band\n");
-		use_sideband = 1;
-	}
-	if (server_supports("ofs-delta")) {
-		if (args.verbose)
-			fprintf(stderr, "Server supports ofs-delta\n");
-	} else
-		prefer_ofs_delta = 0;
-	if (everything_local(&ref, nr_match, match)) {
-		packet_flush(fd[1]);
-		goto all_done;
-	}
-	if (find_common(fd, sha1, ref) < 0)
-		if (!args.keep_pack)
-			/* When cloning, it is not unusual to have
-			 * no common commit.
-			 */
-			warning("no common commits");
-
-	if (args.stateless_rpc)
-		packet_flush(fd[1]);
-	if (get_pack(fd, pack_lockfile))
-		die("git fetch-pack: fetch failed.");
-
- all_done:
-	return ref;
-}
-
-static int remove_duplicates(int nr_heads, char **heads)
-{
-	int src, dst;
-
-	if (!nr_heads)
-		return 0;
-
-	for (src = dst = 1; src < nr_heads; src++)
-		if (strcmp(heads[src], heads[dst-1]))
-			heads[dst++] = heads[src];
-	return dst;
-}
-
-static int fetch_pack_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
-{
-	if (strcmp(var, "fetch.unpacklimit") == 0) {
-		fetch_unpack_limit = git_config_int(var, value);
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	if (strcmp(var, "transfer.unpacklimit") == 0) {
-		transfer_unpack_limit = git_config_int(var, value);
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	if (strcmp(var, "repack.usedeltabaseoffset") == 0) {
-		prefer_ofs_delta = git_config_bool(var, value);
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	if (!strcmp(var, "fetch.fsckobjects")) {
-		fetch_fsck_objects = git_config_bool(var, value);
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	if (!strcmp(var, "transfer.fsckobjects")) {
-		transfer_fsck_objects = git_config_bool(var, value);
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
-}
-
-static struct lock_file lock;
-
-static void fetch_pack_setup(void)
-{
-	static int did_setup;
-	if (did_setup)
-		return;
-	git_config(fetch_pack_config, NULL);
-	if (0 <= transfer_unpack_limit)
-		unpack_limit = transfer_unpack_limit;
-	else if (0 <= fetch_unpack_limit)
-		unpack_limit = fetch_unpack_limit;
-	did_setup = 1;
+	add_sought_entry_mem(sought, nr, alloc, string, strlen(string));
 }
 
 int cmd_fetch_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
@@ -902,15 +30,19 @@
 	int i, ret;
 	struct ref *ref = NULL;
 	const char *dest = NULL;
-	int alloc_heads = 0, nr_heads = 0;
-	char **heads = NULL;
+	struct ref **sought = NULL;
+	int nr_sought = 0, alloc_sought = 0;
 	int fd[2];
 	char *pack_lockfile = NULL;
 	char **pack_lockfile_ptr = NULL;
 	struct child_process *conn;
+	struct fetch_pack_args args;
 
 	packet_trace_identity("fetch-pack");
 
+	memset(&args, 0, sizeof(args));
+	args.uploadpack = "git-upload-pack";
+
 	for (i = 1; i < argc && *argv[i] == '-'; i++) {
 		const char *arg = argv[i];
 
@@ -980,32 +112,25 @@
 	 * Copy refs from cmdline to growable list, then append any
 	 * refs from the standard input:
 	 */
-	ALLOC_GROW(heads, argc - i, alloc_heads);
 	for (; i < argc; i++)
-		heads[nr_heads++] = xstrdup(argv[i]);
+		add_sought_entry(&sought, &nr_sought, &alloc_sought, argv[i]);
 	if (args.stdin_refs) {
 		if (args.stateless_rpc) {
 			/* in stateless RPC mode we use pkt-line to read
 			 * from stdin, until we get a flush packet
 			 */
-			static char line[1000];
 			for (;;) {
-				int n = packet_read_line(0, line, sizeof(line));
-				if (!n)
+				char *line = packet_read_line(0, NULL);
+				if (!line)
 					break;
-				if (line[n-1] == '\n')
-					n--;
-				ALLOC_GROW(heads, nr_heads + 1, alloc_heads);
-				heads[nr_heads++] = xmemdupz(line, n);
+				add_sought_entry(&sought, &nr_sought,  &alloc_sought, line);
 			}
 		}
 		else {
 			/* read from stdin one ref per line, until EOF */
 			struct strbuf line = STRBUF_INIT;
-			while (strbuf_getline(&line, stdin, '\n') != EOF) {
-				ALLOC_GROW(heads, nr_heads + 1, alloc_heads);
-				heads[nr_heads++] = strbuf_detach(&line, NULL);
-			}
+			while (strbuf_getline(&line, stdin, '\n') != EOF)
+				add_sought_entry(&sought, &nr_sought, &alloc_sought, line.buf);
 			strbuf_release(&line);
 		}
 	}
@@ -1019,10 +144,10 @@
 				   args.verbose ? CONNECT_VERBOSE : 0);
 	}
 
-	get_remote_heads(fd[0], &ref, 0, NULL);
+	get_remote_heads(fd[0], NULL, 0, &ref, 0, NULL);
 
 	ref = fetch_pack(&args, fd, conn, ref, dest,
-		nr_heads, heads, pack_lockfile_ptr);
+			 sought, nr_sought, pack_lockfile_ptr);
 	if (pack_lockfile) {
 		printf("lock %s\n", pack_lockfile);
 		fflush(stdout);
@@ -1030,21 +155,23 @@
 	close(fd[0]);
 	close(fd[1]);
 	if (finish_connect(conn))
-		ref = NULL;
+		return 1;
+
 	ret = !ref;
 
-	if (!ret && nr_heads) {
-		/* If the heads to pull were given, we should have
-		 * consumed all of them by matching the remote.
-		 * Otherwise, 'git fetch remote no-such-ref' would
-		 * silently succeed without issuing an error.
-		 */
-		for (i = 0; i < nr_heads; i++)
-			if (heads[i] && heads[i][0]) {
-				error("no such remote ref %s", heads[i]);
-				ret = 1;
-			}
+	/*
+	 * If the heads to pull were given, we should have consumed
+	 * all of them by matching the remote.  Otherwise, 'git fetch
+	 * remote no-such-ref' would silently succeed without issuing
+	 * an error.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_sought; i++) {
+		if (!sought[i] || sought[i]->matched)
+			continue;
+		error("no such remote ref %s", sought[i]->name);
+		ret = 1;
 	}
+
 	while (ref) {
 		printf("%s %s\n",
 		       sha1_to_hex(ref->old_sha1), ref->name);
@@ -1053,72 +180,3 @@
 
 	return ret;
 }
-
-static int compare_heads(const void *a, const void *b)
-{
-	return strcmp(*(const char **)a, *(const char **)b);
-}
-
-struct ref *fetch_pack(struct fetch_pack_args *my_args,
-		       int fd[], struct child_process *conn,
-		       const struct ref *ref,
-		const char *dest,
-		int nr_heads,
-		char **heads,
-		char **pack_lockfile)
-{
-	struct stat st;
-	struct ref *ref_cpy;
-
-	fetch_pack_setup();
-	if (&args != my_args)
-		memcpy(&args, my_args, sizeof(args));
-	if (args.depth > 0) {
-		if (stat(git_path("shallow"), &st))
-			st.st_mtime = 0;
-	}
-
-	if (heads && nr_heads) {
-		qsort(heads, nr_heads, sizeof(*heads), compare_heads);
-		nr_heads = remove_duplicates(nr_heads, heads);
-	}
-
-	if (!ref) {
-		packet_flush(fd[1]);
-		die("no matching remote head");
-	}
-	ref_cpy = do_fetch_pack(fd, ref, nr_heads, heads, pack_lockfile);
-
-	if (args.depth > 0) {
-		struct cache_time mtime;
-		struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
-		char *shallow = git_path("shallow");
-		int fd;
-
-		mtime.sec = st.st_mtime;
-		mtime.nsec = ST_MTIME_NSEC(st);
-		if (stat(shallow, &st)) {
-			if (mtime.sec)
-				die("shallow file was removed during fetch");
-		} else if (st.st_mtime != mtime.sec
-#ifdef USE_NSEC
-				|| ST_MTIME_NSEC(st) != mtime.nsec
-#endif
-			  )
-			die("shallow file was changed during fetch");
-
-		fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&lock, shallow,
-					       LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
-		if (!write_shallow_commits(&sb, 0)
-		 || write_in_full(fd, sb.buf, sb.len) != sb.len) {
-			unlink_or_warn(shallow);
-			rollback_lock_file(&lock);
-		} else {
-			commit_lock_file(&lock);
-		}
-		strbuf_release(&sb);
-	}
-
-	reprepare_packed_git();
-	return ref_cpy;
-}
diff --git a/builtin/fetch.c b/builtin/fetch.c
index bb9a074..4b6b1df 100644
--- a/builtin/fetch.c
+++ b/builtin/fetch.c
@@ -14,12 +14,13 @@
 #include "transport.h"
 #include "submodule.h"
 #include "connected.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
 
 static const char * const builtin_fetch_usage[] = {
-	"git fetch [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]",
-	"git fetch [<options>] <group>",
-	"git fetch --multiple [<options>] [(<repository> | <group>)...]",
-	"git fetch --all [<options>]",
+	N_("git fetch [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"),
+	N_("git fetch [<options>] <group>"),
+	N_("git fetch --multiple [<options>] [(<repository> | <group>)...]"),
+	N_("git fetch --all [<options>]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@
 
 static int all, append, dry_run, force, keep, multiple, prune, update_head_ok, verbosity;
 static int progress = -1, recurse_submodules = RECURSE_SUBMODULES_DEFAULT;
-static int tags = TAGS_DEFAULT;
+static int tags = TAGS_DEFAULT, unshallow;
 static const char *depth;
 static const char *upload_pack;
 static struct strbuf default_rla = STRBUF_INIT;
@@ -56,36 +57,39 @@
 static struct option builtin_fetch_options[] = {
 	OPT__VERBOSITY(&verbosity),
 	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "all", &all,
-		    "fetch from all remotes"),
+		    N_("fetch from all remotes")),
 	OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "append", &append,
-		    "append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting"),
-	OPT_STRING(0, "upload-pack", &upload_pack, "path",
-		   "path to upload pack on remote end"),
-	OPT__FORCE(&force, "force overwrite of local branch"),
+		    N_("append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting")),
+	OPT_STRING(0, "upload-pack", &upload_pack, N_("path"),
+		   N_("path to upload pack on remote end")),
+	OPT__FORCE(&force, N_("force overwrite of local branch")),
 	OPT_BOOLEAN('m', "multiple", &multiple,
-		    "fetch from multiple remotes"),
+		    N_("fetch from multiple remotes")),
 	OPT_SET_INT('t', "tags", &tags,
-		    "fetch all tags and associated objects", TAGS_SET),
+		    N_("fetch all tags and associated objects"), TAGS_SET),
 	OPT_SET_INT('n', NULL, &tags,
-		    "do not fetch all tags (--no-tags)", TAGS_UNSET),
+		    N_("do not fetch all tags (--no-tags)"), TAGS_UNSET),
 	OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "prune", &prune,
-		    "prune remote-tracking branches no longer on remote"),
-	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "recurse-submodules", NULL, "on-demand",
-		    "control recursive fetching of submodules",
+		    N_("prune remote-tracking branches no longer on remote")),
+	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "recurse-submodules", NULL, N_("on-demand"),
+		    N_("control recursive fetching of submodules"),
 		    PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, option_parse_recurse_submodules },
 	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "dry-run", &dry_run,
-		    "dry run"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('k', "keep", &keep, "keep downloaded pack"),
+		    N_("dry run")),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN('k', "keep", &keep, N_("keep downloaded pack")),
 	OPT_BOOLEAN('u', "update-head-ok", &update_head_ok,
-		    "allow updating of HEAD ref"),
-	OPT_BOOL(0, "progress", &progress, "force progress reporting"),
-	OPT_STRING(0, "depth", &depth, "depth",
-		   "deepen history of shallow clone"),
-	{ OPTION_STRING, 0, "submodule-prefix", &submodule_prefix, "dir",
-		   "prepend this to submodule path output", PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN },
+		    N_("allow updating of HEAD ref")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "progress", &progress, N_("force progress reporting")),
+	OPT_STRING(0, "depth", &depth, N_("depth"),
+		   N_("deepen history of shallow clone")),
+	{ OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "unshallow", &unshallow, NULL,
+		   N_("convert to a complete repository"),
+		   PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_NOARG, NULL, 1 },
+	{ OPTION_STRING, 0, "submodule-prefix", &submodule_prefix, N_("dir"),
+		   N_("prepend this to submodule path output"), PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN },
 	{ OPTION_STRING, 0, "recurse-submodules-default",
 		   &recurse_submodules_default, NULL,
-		   "default mode for recursion", PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN },
+		   N_("default mode for recursion"), PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN },
 	OPT_END()
 };
 
@@ -255,9 +259,8 @@
 	if (!hashcmp(ref->old_sha1, ref->new_sha1)) {
 		if (verbosity > 0)
 			strbuf_addf(display, "= %-*s %-*s -> %s",
-				    TRANSPORT_SUMMARY_WIDTH,
-				    _("[up to date]"), REFCOL_WIDTH,
-				    remote, pretty_ref);
+				    TRANSPORT_SUMMARY(_("[up to date]")),
+				    REFCOL_WIDTH, remote, pretty_ref);
 		return 0;
 	}
 
@@ -271,7 +274,7 @@
 		 */
 		strbuf_addf(display,
 			    _("! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (can't fetch in current branch)"),
-			    TRANSPORT_SUMMARY_WIDTH, _("[rejected]"),
+			    TRANSPORT_SUMMARY(_("[rejected]")),
 			    REFCOL_WIDTH, remote, pretty_ref);
 		return 1;
 	}
@@ -282,7 +285,7 @@
 		r = s_update_ref("updating tag", ref, 0);
 		strbuf_addf(display, "%c %-*s %-*s -> %s%s",
 			    r ? '!' : '-',
-			    TRANSPORT_SUMMARY_WIDTH, _("[tag update]"),
+			    TRANSPORT_SUMMARY(_("[tag update]")),
 			    REFCOL_WIDTH, remote, pretty_ref,
 			    r ? _("  (unable to update local ref)") : "");
 		return r;
@@ -317,13 +320,13 @@
 		r = s_update_ref(msg, ref, 0);
 		strbuf_addf(display, "%c %-*s %-*s -> %s%s",
 			    r ? '!' : '*',
-			    TRANSPORT_SUMMARY_WIDTH, what,
+			    TRANSPORT_SUMMARY(what),
 			    REFCOL_WIDTH, remote, pretty_ref,
 			    r ? _("  (unable to update local ref)") : "");
 		return r;
 	}
 
-	if (in_merge_bases(current, &updated, 1)) {
+	if (in_merge_bases(current, updated)) {
 		char quickref[83];
 		int r;
 		strcpy(quickref, find_unique_abbrev(current->object.sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
@@ -357,7 +360,7 @@
 		return r;
 	} else {
 		strbuf_addf(display, "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  %s",
-			    TRANSPORT_SUMMARY_WIDTH, _("[rejected]"),
+			    TRANSPORT_SUMMARY(_("[rejected]")),
 			    REFCOL_WIDTH, remote, pretty_ref,
 			    _("(non-fast-forward)"));
 		return 1;
@@ -554,7 +557,7 @@
 			result |= delete_ref(ref->name, NULL, 0);
 		if (verbosity >= 0) {
 			fprintf(stderr, " x %-*s %-*s -> %s\n",
-				TRANSPORT_SUMMARY_WIDTH, _("[deleted]"),
+				TRANSPORT_SUMMARY(_("[deleted]")),
 				REFCOL_WIDTH, _("(none)"), prettify_refname(ref->name));
 			warn_dangling_symref(stderr, dangling_msg, ref->name);
 		}
@@ -841,38 +844,39 @@
 	return 1;
 }
 
-static void add_options_to_argv(int *argc, const char **argv)
+static void add_options_to_argv(struct argv_array *argv)
 {
 	if (dry_run)
-		argv[(*argc)++] = "--dry-run";
+		argv_array_push(argv, "--dry-run");
 	if (prune)
-		argv[(*argc)++] = "--prune";
+		argv_array_push(argv, "--prune");
 	if (update_head_ok)
-		argv[(*argc)++] = "--update-head-ok";
+		argv_array_push(argv, "--update-head-ok");
 	if (force)
-		argv[(*argc)++] = "--force";
+		argv_array_push(argv, "--force");
 	if (keep)
-		argv[(*argc)++] = "--keep";
+		argv_array_push(argv, "--keep");
 	if (recurse_submodules == RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON)
-		argv[(*argc)++] = "--recurse-submodules";
+		argv_array_push(argv, "--recurse-submodules");
 	else if (recurse_submodules == RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON_DEMAND)
-		argv[(*argc)++] = "--recurse-submodules=on-demand";
+		argv_array_push(argv, "--recurse-submodules=on-demand");
+	if (tags == TAGS_SET)
+		argv_array_push(argv, "--tags");
+	else if (tags == TAGS_UNSET)
+		argv_array_push(argv, "--no-tags");
 	if (verbosity >= 2)
-		argv[(*argc)++] = "-v";
+		argv_array_push(argv, "-v");
 	if (verbosity >= 1)
-		argv[(*argc)++] = "-v";
+		argv_array_push(argv, "-v");
 	else if (verbosity < 0)
-		argv[(*argc)++] = "-q";
+		argv_array_push(argv, "-q");
 
 }
 
 static int fetch_multiple(struct string_list *list)
 {
 	int i, result = 0;
-	const char *argv[12] = { "fetch", "--append" };
-	int argc = 2;
-
-	add_options_to_argv(&argc, argv);
+	struct argv_array argv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
 
 	if (!append && !dry_run) {
 		int errcode = truncate_fetch_head();
@@ -880,18 +884,22 @@
 			return errcode;
 	}
 
+	argv_array_pushl(&argv, "fetch", "--append", NULL);
+	add_options_to_argv(&argv);
+
 	for (i = 0; i < list->nr; i++) {
 		const char *name = list->items[i].string;
-		argv[argc] = name;
-		argv[argc + 1] = NULL;
+		argv_array_push(&argv, name);
 		if (verbosity >= 0)
 			printf(_("Fetching %s\n"), name);
-		if (run_command_v_opt(argv, RUN_GIT_CMD)) {
+		if (run_command_v_opt(argv.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD)) {
 			error(_("Could not fetch %s"), name);
 			result = 1;
 		}
+		argv_array_pop(&argv);
 	}
 
+	argv_array_clear(&argv);
 	return result;
 }
 
@@ -954,6 +962,9 @@
 	struct string_list list = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 	struct remote *remote;
 	int result = 0;
+	static const char *argv_gc_auto[] = {
+		"gc", "--auto", NULL,
+	};
 
 	packet_trace_identity("fetch");
 
@@ -965,6 +976,18 @@
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix,
 			     builtin_fetch_options, builtin_fetch_usage, 0);
 
+	if (unshallow) {
+		if (depth)
+			die(_("--depth and --unshallow cannot be used together"));
+		else if (!is_repository_shallow())
+			die(_("--unshallow on a complete repository does not make sense"));
+		else {
+			static char inf_depth[12];
+			sprintf(inf_depth, "%d", INFINITE_DEPTH);
+			depth = inf_depth;
+		}
+	}
+
 	if (recurse_submodules != RECURSE_SUBMODULES_OFF) {
 		if (recurse_submodules_default) {
 			int arg = parse_fetch_recurse_submodules_arg("--recurse-submodules-default", recurse_submodules_default);
@@ -1007,18 +1030,21 @@
 	}
 
 	if (!result && (recurse_submodules != RECURSE_SUBMODULES_OFF)) {
-		const char *options[10];
-		int num_options = 0;
-		add_options_to_argv(&num_options, options);
-		result = fetch_populated_submodules(num_options, options,
+		struct argv_array options = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+
+		add_options_to_argv(&options);
+		result = fetch_populated_submodules(&options,
 						    submodule_prefix,
 						    recurse_submodules,
 						    verbosity < 0);
+		argv_array_clear(&options);
 	}
 
 	/* All names were strdup()ed or strndup()ed */
 	list.strdup_strings = 1;
 	string_list_clear(&list, 0);
 
+	run_command_v_opt(argv_gc_auto, RUN_GIT_CMD);
+
 	return result;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c b/builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c
index 2c4d435..1c04070 100644
--- a/builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c
+++ b/builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 #include "gpg-interface.h"
 
 static const char * const fmt_merge_msg_usage[] = {
-	"git fmt-merge-msg [-m <message>] [--log[=<n>]|--no-log] [--file <file>]",
+	N_("git fmt-merge-msg [-m <message>] [--log[=<n>]|--no-log] [--file <file>]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -232,8 +232,9 @@
 {
 	char *name_buf, *name, *name_end;
 	struct string_list_item *elem;
-	const char *field = (which == 'a') ? "\nauthor " : "\ncommitter ";
+	const char *field;
 
+	field = (which == 'a') ? "\nauthor " : "\ncommitter ";
 	name = strstr(commit->buffer, field);
 	if (!name)
 		return;
@@ -286,10 +287,10 @@
 	const char *me;
 
 	if (kind == 'a') {
-		label = "\n# By ";
+		label = "By";
 		me = git_author_info(IDENT_NO_DATE);
 	} else {
-		label = "\n# Via ";
+		label = "Via";
 		me = git_committer_info(IDENT_NO_DATE);
 	}
 
@@ -299,7 +300,7 @@
 	     (me = skip_prefix(me, them->items->string)) != NULL &&
 	     skip_prefix(me, " <")))
 		return;
-	strbuf_addstr(out, label);
+	strbuf_addf(out, "\n%c %s ", comment_line_char, label);
 	add_people_count(out, them);
 }
 
@@ -323,7 +324,8 @@
 static void shortlog(const char *name,
 		     struct origin_data *origin_data,
 		     struct commit *head,
-		     struct rev_info *rev, int limit,
+		     struct rev_info *rev,
+		     struct fmt_merge_msg_opts *opts,
 		     struct strbuf *out)
 {
 	int i, count = 0;
@@ -335,6 +337,7 @@
 	int flags = UNINTERESTING | TREESAME | SEEN | SHOWN | ADDED;
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 	const unsigned char *sha1 = origin_data->sha1;
+	int limit = opts->shortlog_len;
 
 	branch = deref_tag(parse_object(sha1), sha1_to_hex(sha1), 40);
 	if (!branch || branch->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
@@ -351,13 +354,15 @@
 
 		if (commit->parents && commit->parents->next) {
 			/* do not list a merge but count committer */
-			record_person('c', &committers, commit);
+			if (opts->credit_people)
+				record_person('c', &committers, commit);
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (!count)
+		if (!count && opts->credit_people)
 			/* the 'tip' committer */
 			record_person('c', &committers, commit);
-		record_person('a', &authors, commit);
+		if (opts->credit_people)
+			record_person('a', &authors, commit);
 		count++;
 		if (subjects.nr > limit)
 			continue;
@@ -372,7 +377,8 @@
 			string_list_append(&subjects, strbuf_detach(&sb, NULL));
 	}
 
-	add_people_info(out, &authors, &committers);
+	if (opts->credit_people)
+		add_people_info(out, &authors, &committers);
 	if (count > limit)
 		strbuf_addf(out, "\n* %s: (%d commits)\n", name, count);
 	else
@@ -464,7 +470,7 @@
 	strbuf_complete_line(tagbuf);
 	if (sig->len) {
 		strbuf_addch(tagbuf, '\n');
-		strbuf_add_lines(tagbuf, "# ", sig->buf, sig->len);
+		strbuf_add_commented_lines(tagbuf, sig->buf, sig->len);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -486,7 +492,7 @@
 
 		if (size == len)
 			; /* merely annotated */
-		else if (verify_signed_buffer(buf, len, buf + len, size - len, &sig)) {
+		else if (verify_signed_buffer(buf, len, buf + len, size - len, &sig, NULL)) {
 			if (!sig.len)
 				strbuf_addstr(&sig, "gpg verification failed.\n");
 		}
@@ -497,14 +503,18 @@
 		} else {
 			if (tag_number == 2) {
 				struct strbuf tagline = STRBUF_INIT;
-				strbuf_addf(&tagline, "\n# %s\n",
-					    origins.items[first_tag].string);
+				strbuf_addch(&tagline, '\n');
+				strbuf_add_commented_lines(&tagline,
+						origins.items[first_tag].string,
+						strlen(origins.items[first_tag].string));
 				strbuf_insert(&tagbuf, 0, tagline.buf,
 					      tagline.len);
 				strbuf_release(&tagline);
 			}
-			strbuf_addf(&tagbuf, "\n# %s\n",
-				    origins.items[i].string);
+			strbuf_addch(&tagbuf, '\n');
+			strbuf_add_commented_lines(&tagbuf,
+					origins.items[i].string,
+					strlen(origins.items[i].string));
 			fmt_tag_signature(&tagbuf, &sig, buf, len);
 		}
 		strbuf_release(&sig);
@@ -635,7 +645,7 @@
 		for (i = 0; i < origins.nr; i++)
 			shortlog(origins.items[i].string,
 				 origins.items[i].util,
-				 head, &rev, opts->shortlog_len, out);
+				 head, &rev, opts, out);
 	}
 
 	strbuf_complete_line(out);
@@ -650,16 +660,16 @@
 	const char *message = NULL;
 	int shortlog_len = -1;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		{ OPTION_INTEGER, 0, "log", &shortlog_len, "n",
-		  "populate log with at most <n> entries from shortlog",
+		{ OPTION_INTEGER, 0, "log", &shortlog_len, N_("n"),
+		  N_("populate log with at most <n> entries from shortlog"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, DEFAULT_MERGE_LOG_LEN },
-		{ OPTION_INTEGER, 0, "summary", &shortlog_len, "n",
-		  "alias for --log (deprecated)",
+		{ OPTION_INTEGER, 0, "summary", &shortlog_len, N_("n"),
+		  N_("alias for --log (deprecated)"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG | PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN, NULL,
 		  DEFAULT_MERGE_LOG_LEN },
-		OPT_STRING('m', "message", &message, "text",
-			"use <text> as start of message"),
-		OPT_FILENAME('F', "file", &inpath, "file to read from"),
+		OPT_STRING('m', "message", &message, N_("text"),
+			N_("use <text> as start of message")),
+		OPT_FILENAME('F', "file", &inpath, N_("file to read from")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -690,6 +700,7 @@
 
 	memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
 	opts.add_title = !message;
+	opts.credit_people = 1;
 	opts.shortlog_len = shortlog_len;
 
 	ret = fmt_merge_msg(&input, &output, &opts);
diff --git a/builtin/for-each-ref.c b/builtin/for-each-ref.c
index b01d76a..7f059c3 100644
--- a/builtin/for-each-ref.c
+++ b/builtin/for-each-ref.c
@@ -962,7 +962,9 @@
 	if (!arg) /* should --no-sort void the list ? */
 		return -1;
 
-	*sort_tail = s = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*s));
+	s = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*s));
+	s->next = *sort_tail;
+	*sort_tail = s;
 
 	if (*arg == '-') {
 		s->reverse = 1;
@@ -974,7 +976,7 @@
 }
 
 static char const * const for_each_ref_usage[] = {
-	"git for-each-ref [options] [<pattern>]",
+	N_("git for-each-ref [options] [<pattern>]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -989,19 +991,19 @@
 
 	struct option opts[] = {
 		OPT_BIT('s', "shell", &quote_style,
-		        "quote placeholders suitably for shells", QUOTE_SHELL),
+			N_("quote placeholders suitably for shells"), QUOTE_SHELL),
 		OPT_BIT('p', "perl",  &quote_style,
-		        "quote placeholders suitably for perl", QUOTE_PERL),
+			N_("quote placeholders suitably for perl"), QUOTE_PERL),
 		OPT_BIT(0 , "python", &quote_style,
-		        "quote placeholders suitably for python", QUOTE_PYTHON),
+			N_("quote placeholders suitably for python"), QUOTE_PYTHON),
 		OPT_BIT(0 , "tcl",  &quote_style,
-		        "quote placeholders suitably for tcl", QUOTE_TCL),
+			N_("quote placeholders suitably for tcl"), QUOTE_TCL),
 
 		OPT_GROUP(""),
-		OPT_INTEGER( 0 , "count", &maxcount, "show only <n> matched refs"),
-		OPT_STRING(  0 , "format", &format, "format", "format to use for the output"),
-		OPT_CALLBACK(0 , "sort", sort_tail, "key",
-		            "field name to sort on", &opt_parse_sort),
+		OPT_INTEGER( 0 , "count", &maxcount, N_("show only <n> matched refs")),
+		OPT_STRING(  0 , "format", &format, N_("format"), N_("format to use for the output")),
+		OPT_CALLBACK(0 , "sort", sort_tail, N_("key"),
+			    N_("field name to sort on"), &opt_parse_sort),
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 
diff --git a/builtin/fsck.c b/builtin/fsck.c
index a710227..bb9a2cd 100644
--- a/builtin/fsck.c
+++ b/builtin/fsck.c
@@ -605,23 +605,23 @@
 }
 
 static char const * const fsck_usage[] = {
-	"git fsck [options] [<object>...]",
+	N_("git fsck [options] [<object>...]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static struct option fsck_opts[] = {
-	OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, "be verbose"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "unreachable", &show_unreachable, "show unreachable objects"),
-	OPT_BOOL(0, "dangling", &show_dangling, "show dangling objects"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "tags", &show_tags, "report tags"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "root", &show_root, "report root nodes"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "cache", &keep_cache_objects, "make index objects head nodes"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "reflogs", &include_reflogs, "make reflogs head nodes (default)"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "full", &check_full, "also consider packs and alternate objects"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "strict", &check_strict, "enable more strict checking"),
+	OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("be verbose")),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "unreachable", &show_unreachable, N_("show unreachable objects")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "dangling", &show_dangling, N_("show dangling objects")),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "tags", &show_tags, N_("report tags")),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "root", &show_root, N_("report root nodes")),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "cache", &keep_cache_objects, N_("make index objects head nodes")),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "reflogs", &include_reflogs, N_("make reflogs head nodes (default)")),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "full", &check_full, N_("also consider packs and alternate objects")),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "strict", &check_strict, N_("enable more strict checking")),
 	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "lost-found", &write_lost_and_found,
-				"write dangling objects in .git/lost-found"),
-	OPT_BOOL(0, "progress", &show_progress, "show progress"),
+				N_("write dangling objects in .git/lost-found")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "progress", &show_progress, N_("show progress")),
 	OPT_END(),
 };
 
diff --git a/builtin/gc.c b/builtin/gc.c
index 9b4232c..6be6c8d 100644
--- a/builtin/gc.c
+++ b/builtin/gc.c
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 #define FAILED_RUN "failed to run %s"
 
 static const char * const builtin_gc_usage[] = {
-	"git gc [options]",
+	N_("git gc [options]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -174,12 +174,12 @@
 	int quiet = 0;
 
 	struct option builtin_gc_options[] = {
-		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, "suppress progress reporting"),
-		{ OPTION_STRING, 0, "prune", &prune_expire, "date",
-			"prune unreferenced objects",
+		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("suppress progress reporting")),
+		{ OPTION_STRING, 0, "prune", &prune_expire, N_("date"),
+			N_("prune unreferenced objects"),
 			PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t)prune_expire },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "aggressive", &aggressive, "be more thorough (increased runtime)"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "auto", &auto_gc, "enable auto-gc mode"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "aggressive", &aggressive, N_("be more thorough (increased runtime)")),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "auto", &auto_gc, N_("enable auto-gc mode")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -217,9 +217,7 @@
 		 */
 		if (!need_to_gc())
 			return 0;
-		if (quiet)
-			fprintf(stderr, _("Auto packing the repository for optimum performance.\n"));
-		else
+		if (!quiet)
 			fprintf(stderr,
 					_("Auto packing the repository for optimum performance. You may also\n"
 					"run \"git gc\" manually. See "
diff --git a/builtin/grep.c b/builtin/grep.c
index fe1726f..159e65d 100644
--- a/builtin/grep.c
+++ b/builtin/grep.c
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 #include "dir.h"
 
 static char const * const grep_usage[] = {
-	"git grep [options] [-e] <pattern> [<rev>...] [[--] <path>...]",
+	N_("git grep [options] [-e] <pattern> [<rev>...] [[--] <path>...]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@
 static int skip_first_line;
 
 static void add_work(struct grep_opt *opt, enum grep_source_type type,
-		     const char *name, const void *id)
+		     const char *name, const char *path, const void *id)
 {
 	grep_lock();
 
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@
 		pthread_cond_wait(&cond_write, &grep_mutex);
 	}
 
-	grep_source_init(&todo[todo_end].source, type, name, id);
+	grep_source_init(&todo[todo_end].source, type, name, path, id);
 	if (opt->binary != GREP_BINARY_TEXT)
 		grep_source_load_driver(&todo[todo_end].source);
 	todo[todo_end].done = 0;
@@ -209,6 +209,7 @@
 		int err;
 		struct grep_opt *o = grep_opt_dup(opt);
 		o->output = strbuf_out;
+		o->debug = 0;
 		compile_grep_patterns(o);
 		err = pthread_create(&threads[i], NULL, run, o);
 
@@ -260,51 +261,12 @@
 }
 #endif
 
-static int grep_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+static int grep_cmd_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
-	struct grep_opt *opt = cb;
-	char *color = NULL;
-
-	if (userdiff_config(var, value) < 0)
-		return -1;
-
-	if (!strcmp(var, "grep.extendedregexp")) {
-		if (git_config_bool(var, value))
-			opt->regflags |= REG_EXTENDED;
-		else
-			opt->regflags &= ~REG_EXTENDED;
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	if (!strcmp(var, "grep.linenumber")) {
-		opt->linenum = git_config_bool(var, value);
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep"))
-		opt->color = git_config_colorbool(var, value);
-	else if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep.context"))
-		color = opt->color_context;
-	else if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep.filename"))
-		color = opt->color_filename;
-	else if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep.function"))
-		color = opt->color_function;
-	else if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep.linenumber"))
-		color = opt->color_lineno;
-	else if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep.match"))
-		color = opt->color_match;
-	else if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep.selected"))
-		color = opt->color_selected;
-	else if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep.separator"))
-		color = opt->color_sep;
-	else
-		return git_color_default_config(var, value, cb);
-	if (color) {
-		if (!value)
-			return config_error_nonbool(var);
-		color_parse(value, var, color);
-	}
-	return 0;
+	int st = grep_config(var, value, cb);
+	if (git_color_default_config(var, value, cb) < 0)
+		st = -1;
+	return st;
 }
 
 static void *lock_and_read_sha1_file(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type *type, unsigned long *size)
@@ -318,7 +280,8 @@
 }
 
 static int grep_sha1(struct grep_opt *opt, const unsigned char *sha1,
-		     const char *filename, int tree_name_len)
+		     const char *filename, int tree_name_len,
+		     const char *path)
 {
 	struct strbuf pathbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
@@ -332,7 +295,7 @@
 
 #ifndef NO_PTHREADS
 	if (use_threads) {
-		add_work(opt, GREP_SOURCE_SHA1, pathbuf.buf, sha1);
+		add_work(opt, GREP_SOURCE_SHA1, pathbuf.buf, path, sha1);
 		strbuf_release(&pathbuf);
 		return 0;
 	} else
@@ -341,7 +304,7 @@
 		struct grep_source gs;
 		int hit;
 
-		grep_source_init(&gs, GREP_SOURCE_SHA1, pathbuf.buf, sha1);
+		grep_source_init(&gs, GREP_SOURCE_SHA1, pathbuf.buf, path, sha1);
 		strbuf_release(&pathbuf);
 		hit = grep_source(opt, &gs);
 
@@ -361,7 +324,7 @@
 
 #ifndef NO_PTHREADS
 	if (use_threads) {
-		add_work(opt, GREP_SOURCE_FILE, buf.buf, filename);
+		add_work(opt, GREP_SOURCE_FILE, buf.buf, filename, filename);
 		strbuf_release(&buf);
 		return 0;
 	} else
@@ -370,7 +333,7 @@
 		struct grep_source gs;
 		int hit;
 
-		grep_source_init(&gs, GREP_SOURCE_FILE, buf.buf, filename);
+		grep_source_init(&gs, GREP_SOURCE_FILE, buf.buf, filename, filename);
 		strbuf_release(&buf);
 		hit = grep_source(opt, &gs);
 
@@ -426,7 +389,7 @@
 		if (cached || (ce->ce_flags & CE_VALID) || ce_skip_worktree(ce)) {
 			if (ce_stage(ce))
 				continue;
-			hit |= grep_sha1(opt, ce->sha1, ce->name, 0);
+			hit |= grep_sha1(opt, ce->sha1, ce->name, 0, ce->name);
 		}
 		else
 			hit |= grep_file(opt, ce->name);
@@ -444,7 +407,8 @@
 }
 
 static int grep_tree(struct grep_opt *opt, const struct pathspec *pathspec,
-		     struct tree_desc *tree, struct strbuf *base, int tn_len)
+		     struct tree_desc *tree, struct strbuf *base, int tn_len,
+		     int check_attr)
 {
 	int hit = 0;
 	enum interesting match = entry_not_interesting;
@@ -465,7 +429,8 @@
 		strbuf_add(base, entry.path, te_len);
 
 		if (S_ISREG(entry.mode)) {
-			hit |= grep_sha1(opt, entry.sha1, base->buf, tn_len);
+			hit |= grep_sha1(opt, entry.sha1, base->buf, tn_len,
+					 check_attr ? base->buf + tn_len : NULL);
 		}
 		else if (S_ISDIR(entry.mode)) {
 			enum object_type type;
@@ -480,7 +445,8 @@
 
 			strbuf_addch(base, '/');
 			init_tree_desc(&sub, data, size);
-			hit |= grep_tree(opt, pathspec, &sub, base, tn_len);
+			hit |= grep_tree(opt, pathspec, &sub, base, tn_len,
+					 check_attr);
 			free(data);
 		}
 		strbuf_setlen(base, old_baselen);
@@ -495,7 +461,7 @@
 		       struct object *obj, const char *name)
 {
 	if (obj->type == OBJ_BLOB)
-		return grep_sha1(opt, obj->sha1, name, 0);
+		return grep_sha1(opt, obj->sha1, name, 0, NULL);
 	if (obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT || obj->type == OBJ_TREE) {
 		struct tree_desc tree;
 		void *data;
@@ -518,7 +484,8 @@
 			strbuf_addch(&base, ':');
 		}
 		init_tree_desc(&tree, data, size);
-		hit = grep_tree(opt, pathspec, &tree, &base, base.len);
+		hit = grep_tree(opt, pathspec, &tree, &base, base.len,
+				obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT);
 		strbuf_release(&base);
 		free(data);
 		return hit;
@@ -669,95 +636,88 @@
 	int i;
 	int dummy;
 	int use_index = 1;
-	enum {
-		pattern_type_unspecified = 0,
-		pattern_type_bre,
-		pattern_type_ere,
-		pattern_type_fixed,
-		pattern_type_pcre,
-	};
-	int pattern_type = pattern_type_unspecified;
+	int pattern_type_arg = GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED;
 
 	struct option options[] = {
 		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "cached", &cached,
-			"search in index instead of in the work tree"),
+			N_("search in index instead of in the work tree")),
 		OPT_NEGBIT(0, "no-index", &use_index,
-			 "finds in contents not managed by git", 1),
+			 N_("find in contents not managed by git"), 1),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "untracked", &untracked,
-			"search in both tracked and untracked files"),
+			N_("search in both tracked and untracked files")),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "exclude-standard", &opt_exclude,
-			    "search also in ignored files", 1),
+			    N_("search also in ignored files"), 1),
 		OPT_GROUP(""),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN('v', "invert-match", &opt.invert,
-			"show non-matching lines"),
+			N_("show non-matching lines")),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN('i', "ignore-case", &opt.ignore_case,
-			"case insensitive matching"),
+			N_("case insensitive matching")),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN('w', "word-regexp", &opt.word_regexp,
-			"match patterns only at word boundaries"),
+			N_("match patterns only at word boundaries")),
 		OPT_SET_INT('a', "text", &opt.binary,
-			"process binary files as text", GREP_BINARY_TEXT),
+			N_("process binary files as text"), GREP_BINARY_TEXT),
 		OPT_SET_INT('I', NULL, &opt.binary,
-			"don't match patterns in binary files",
+			N_("don't match patterns in binary files"),
 			GREP_BINARY_NOMATCH),
-		{ OPTION_INTEGER, 0, "max-depth", &opt.max_depth, "depth",
-			"descend at most <depth> levels", PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
+		{ OPTION_INTEGER, 0, "max-depth", &opt.max_depth, N_("depth"),
+			N_("descend at most <depth> levels"), PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
 			NULL, 1 },
 		OPT_GROUP(""),
-		OPT_SET_INT('E', "extended-regexp", &pattern_type,
-			    "use extended POSIX regular expressions",
-			    pattern_type_ere),
-		OPT_SET_INT('G', "basic-regexp", &pattern_type,
-			    "use basic POSIX regular expressions (default)",
-			    pattern_type_bre),
-		OPT_SET_INT('F', "fixed-strings", &pattern_type,
-			    "interpret patterns as fixed strings",
-			    pattern_type_fixed),
-		OPT_SET_INT('P', "perl-regexp", &pattern_type,
-			    "use Perl-compatible regular expressions",
-			    pattern_type_pcre),
+		OPT_SET_INT('E', "extended-regexp", &pattern_type_arg,
+			    N_("use extended POSIX regular expressions"),
+			    GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_ERE),
+		OPT_SET_INT('G', "basic-regexp", &pattern_type_arg,
+			    N_("use basic POSIX regular expressions (default)"),
+			    GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_BRE),
+		OPT_SET_INT('F', "fixed-strings", &pattern_type_arg,
+			    N_("interpret patterns as fixed strings"),
+			    GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_FIXED),
+		OPT_SET_INT('P', "perl-regexp", &pattern_type_arg,
+			    N_("use Perl-compatible regular expressions"),
+			    GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_PCRE),
 		OPT_GROUP(""),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "line-number", &opt.linenum, "show line numbers"),
-		OPT_NEGBIT('h', NULL, &opt.pathname, "don't show filenames", 1),
-		OPT_BIT('H', NULL, &opt.pathname, "show filenames", 1),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "line-number", &opt.linenum, N_("show line numbers")),
+		OPT_NEGBIT('h', NULL, &opt.pathname, N_("don't show filenames"), 1),
+		OPT_BIT('H', NULL, &opt.pathname, N_("show filenames"), 1),
 		OPT_NEGBIT(0, "full-name", &opt.relative,
-			"show filenames relative to top directory", 1),
+			N_("show filenames relative to top directory"), 1),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN('l', "files-with-matches", &opt.name_only,
-			"show only filenames instead of matching lines"),
+			N_("show only filenames instead of matching lines")),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "name-only", &opt.name_only,
-			"synonym for --files-with-matches"),
+			N_("synonym for --files-with-matches")),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN('L', "files-without-match",
 			&opt.unmatch_name_only,
-			"show only the names of files without match"),
+			N_("show only the names of files without match")),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN('z', "null", &opt.null_following_name,
-			"print NUL after filenames"),
+			N_("print NUL after filenames")),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN('c', "count", &opt.count,
-			"show the number of matches instead of matching lines"),
-		OPT__COLOR(&opt.color, "highlight matches"),
+			N_("show the number of matches instead of matching lines")),
+		OPT__COLOR(&opt.color, N_("highlight matches")),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "break", &opt.file_break,
-			"print empty line between matches from different files"),
+			N_("print empty line between matches from different files")),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "heading", &opt.heading,
-			"show filename only once above matches from same file"),
+			N_("show filename only once above matches from same file")),
 		OPT_GROUP(""),
-		OPT_CALLBACK('C', "context", &opt, "n",
-			"show <n> context lines before and after matches",
+		OPT_CALLBACK('C', "context", &opt, N_("n"),
+			N_("show <n> context lines before and after matches"),
 			context_callback),
 		OPT_INTEGER('B', "before-context", &opt.pre_context,
-			"show <n> context lines before matches"),
+			N_("show <n> context lines before matches")),
 		OPT_INTEGER('A', "after-context", &opt.post_context,
-			"show <n> context lines after matches"),
-		OPT_NUMBER_CALLBACK(&opt, "shortcut for -C NUM",
+			N_("show <n> context lines after matches")),
+		OPT_NUMBER_CALLBACK(&opt, N_("shortcut for -C NUM"),
 			context_callback),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "show-function", &opt.funcname,
-			"show a line with the function name before matches"),
+			N_("show a line with the function name before matches")),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN('W', "function-context", &opt.funcbody,
-			"show the surrounding function"),
+			N_("show the surrounding function")),
 		OPT_GROUP(""),
-		OPT_CALLBACK('f', NULL, &opt, "file",
-			"read patterns from file", file_callback),
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'e', NULL, &opt, "pattern",
-			"match <pattern>", PARSE_OPT_NONEG, pattern_callback },
+		OPT_CALLBACK('f', NULL, &opt, N_("file"),
+			N_("read patterns from file"), file_callback),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'e', NULL, &opt, N_("pattern"),
+			N_("match <pattern>"), PARSE_OPT_NONEG, pattern_callback },
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "and", &opt, NULL,
-		  "combine patterns specified with -e",
+		  N_("combine patterns specified with -e"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, and_callback },
 		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "or", &dummy, ""),
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "not", &opt, NULL, "",
@@ -769,16 +729,19 @@
 		  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_NODASH,
 		  close_callback },
 		OPT__QUIET(&opt.status_only,
-			   "indicate hit with exit status without output"),
+			   N_("indicate hit with exit status without output")),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "all-match", &opt.all_match,
-			"show only matches from files that match all patterns"),
+			N_("show only matches from files that match all patterns")),
+		{ OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "debug", &opt.debug, NULL,
+		  N_("show parse tree for grep expression"),
+		  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN, NULL, 1 },
 		OPT_GROUP(""),
 		{ OPTION_STRING, 'O', "open-files-in-pager", &show_in_pager,
-			"pager", "show matching files in the pager",
+			N_("pager"), N_("show matching files in the pager"),
 			PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t)default_pager },
 		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "ext-grep", &external_grep_allowed__ignored,
-			    "allow calling of grep(1) (ignored by this build)"),
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "help-all", &options, NULL, "show usage",
+			    N_("allow calling of grep(1) (ignored by this build)")),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "help-all", &options, NULL, N_("show usage"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN | PARSE_OPT_NOARG, help_callback },
 		OPT_END()
 	};
@@ -790,25 +753,9 @@
 	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
 		usage_with_options(grep_usage, options);
 
-	memset(&opt, 0, sizeof(opt));
-	opt.prefix = prefix;
-	opt.prefix_length = (prefix && *prefix) ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
-	opt.relative = 1;
-	opt.pathname = 1;
-	opt.pattern_tail = &opt.pattern_list;
-	opt.header_tail = &opt.header_list;
-	opt.regflags = REG_NEWLINE;
-	opt.max_depth = -1;
-
-	strcpy(opt.color_context, "");
-	strcpy(opt.color_filename, "");
-	strcpy(opt.color_function, "");
-	strcpy(opt.color_lineno, "");
-	strcpy(opt.color_match, GIT_COLOR_BOLD_RED);
-	strcpy(opt.color_selected, "");
-	strcpy(opt.color_sep, GIT_COLOR_CYAN);
-	opt.color = -1;
-	git_config(grep_config, &opt);
+	init_grep_defaults();
+	git_config(grep_cmd_config, NULL);
+	grep_init(&opt, prefix);
 
 	/*
 	 * If there is no -- then the paths must exist in the working
@@ -824,28 +771,7 @@
 			     PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH |
 			     PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION |
 			     PARSE_OPT_NO_INTERNAL_HELP);
-	switch (pattern_type) {
-	case pattern_type_fixed:
-		opt.fixed = 1;
-		opt.pcre = 0;
-		break;
-	case pattern_type_bre:
-		opt.fixed = 0;
-		opt.pcre = 0;
-		opt.regflags &= ~REG_EXTENDED;
-		break;
-	case pattern_type_ere:
-		opt.fixed = 0;
-		opt.pcre = 0;
-		opt.regflags |= REG_EXTENDED;
-		break;
-	case pattern_type_pcre:
-		opt.fixed = 0;
-		opt.pcre = 1;
-		break;
-	default:
-		break; /* nothing */
-	}
+	grep_commit_pattern_type(pattern_type_arg, &opt);
 
 	if (use_index && !startup_info->have_repository)
 		/* die the same way as if we did it at the beginning */
@@ -894,9 +820,9 @@
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
 		/* Is it a rev? */
 		if (!get_sha1(arg, sha1)) {
-			struct object *object = parse_object(sha1);
-			if (!object)
-				die(_("bad object %s"), arg);
+			struct object *object = parse_object_or_die(sha1, arg);
+			if (!seen_dashdash)
+				verify_non_filename(prefix, arg);
 			add_object_array(object, arg, &list);
 			continue;
 		}
@@ -928,7 +854,7 @@
 	if (!seen_dashdash) {
 		int j;
 		for (j = i; j < argc; j++)
-			verify_filename(prefix, argv[j]);
+			verify_filename(prefix, argv[j], j == i);
 	}
 
 	paths = get_pathspec(prefix, argv + i);
diff --git a/builtin/hash-object.c b/builtin/hash-object.c
index 33911fd..8d184f1 100644
--- a/builtin/hash-object.c
+++ b/builtin/hash-object.c
@@ -57,8 +57,8 @@
 }
 
 static const char * const hash_object_usage[] = {
-	"git hash-object [-t <type>] [-w] [--path=<file>|--no-filters] [--stdin] [--] <file>...",
-	"git hash-object  --stdin-paths < <list-of-paths>",
+	N_("git hash-object [-t <type>] [-w] [--path=<file>|--no-filters] [--stdin] [--] <file>..."),
+	N_("git hash-object  --stdin-paths < <list-of-paths>"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -69,12 +69,12 @@
 static const char *vpath;
 
 static const struct option hash_object_options[] = {
-	OPT_STRING('t', NULL, &type, "type", "object type"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('w', NULL, &write_object, "write the object into the object database"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "stdin", &hashstdin, "read the object from stdin"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "stdin-paths", &stdin_paths, "read file names from stdin"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "no-filters", &no_filters, "store file as is without filters"),
-	OPT_STRING( 0 , "path", &vpath, "file", "process file as it were from this path"),
+	OPT_STRING('t', NULL, &type, N_("type"), N_("object type")),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN('w', NULL, &write_object, N_("write the object into the object database")),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "stdin", &hashstdin, N_("read the object from stdin")),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "stdin-paths", &stdin_paths, N_("read file names from stdin")),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "no-filters", &no_filters, N_("store file as is without filters")),
+	OPT_STRING( 0 , "path", &vpath, N_("file"), N_("process file as it were from this path")),
 	OPT_END()
 };
 
diff --git a/builtin/help.c b/builtin/help.c
index 43d3c84..062957f 100644
--- a/builtin/help.c
+++ b/builtin/help.c
@@ -6,12 +6,15 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "exec_cmd.h"
-#include "common-cmds.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "column.h"
 #include "help.h"
 
+#ifndef DEFAULT_HELP_FORMAT
+#define DEFAULT_HELP_FORMAT "man"
+#endif
+
 static struct man_viewer_list {
 	struct man_viewer_list *next;
 	char name[FLEX_ARRAY];
@@ -30,21 +33,25 @@
 	HELP_FORMAT_WEB
 };
 
+static const char *html_path;
+
 static int show_all = 0;
+static int show_guides = 0;
 static unsigned int colopts;
 static enum help_format help_format = HELP_FORMAT_NONE;
 static struct option builtin_help_options[] = {
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "all", &show_all, "print all available commands"),
-	OPT_SET_INT('m', "man", &help_format, "show man page", HELP_FORMAT_MAN),
-	OPT_SET_INT('w', "web", &help_format, "show manual in web browser",
+	OPT_BOOL('a', "all", &show_all, N_("print all available commands")),
+	OPT_BOOL('g', "guides", &show_guides, N_("print list of useful guides")),
+	OPT_SET_INT('m', "man", &help_format, N_("show man page"), HELP_FORMAT_MAN),
+	OPT_SET_INT('w', "web", &help_format, N_("show manual in web browser"),
 			HELP_FORMAT_WEB),
-	OPT_SET_INT('i', "info", &help_format, "show info page",
+	OPT_SET_INT('i', "info", &help_format, N_("show info page"),
 			HELP_FORMAT_INFO),
 	OPT_END(),
 };
 
 static const char * const builtin_help_usage[] = {
-	"git help [--all] [--man|--web|--info] [command]",
+	N_("git help [--all] [--guides] [--man|--web|--info] [command]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -231,21 +238,21 @@
 
 static int add_man_viewer_info(const char *var, const char *value)
 {
-	const char *name = var + 4;
-	const char *subkey = strrchr(name, '.');
+	const char *name, *subkey;
+	int namelen;
 
-	if (!subkey)
+	if (parse_config_key(var, "man", &name, &namelen, &subkey) < 0 || !name)
 		return 0;
 
-	if (!strcmp(subkey, ".path")) {
+	if (!strcmp(subkey, "path")) {
 		if (!value)
 			return config_error_nonbool(var);
-		return add_man_viewer_path(name, subkey - name, value);
+		return add_man_viewer_path(name, namelen, value);
 	}
-	if (!strcmp(subkey, ".cmd")) {
+	if (!strcmp(subkey, "cmd")) {
 		if (!value)
 			return config_error_nonbool(var);
-		return add_man_viewer_cmd(name, subkey - name, value);
+		return add_man_viewer_cmd(name, namelen, value);
 	}
 
 	return 0;
@@ -261,6 +268,12 @@
 		help_format = parse_help_format(value);
 		return 0;
 	}
+	if (!strcmp(var, "help.htmlpath")) {
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+		html_path = xstrdup(value);
+		return 0;
+	}
 	if (!strcmp(var, "man.viewer")) {
 		if (!value)
 			return config_error_nonbool(var);
@@ -275,23 +288,6 @@
 
 static struct cmdnames main_cmds, other_cmds;
 
-void list_common_cmds_help(void)
-{
-	int i, longest = 0;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(common_cmds); i++) {
-		if (longest < strlen(common_cmds[i].name))
-			longest = strlen(common_cmds[i].name);
-	}
-
-	puts(_("The most commonly used git commands are:"));
-	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(common_cmds); i++) {
-		printf("   %s   ", common_cmds[i].name);
-		mput_char(' ', longest - strlen(common_cmds[i].name));
-		puts(_(common_cmds[i].help));
-	}
-}
-
 static int is_git_command(const char *s)
 {
 	return is_in_cmdlist(&main_cmds, s) ||
@@ -383,12 +379,15 @@
 static void get_html_page_path(struct strbuf *page_path, const char *page)
 {
 	struct stat st;
-	const char *html_path = system_path(GIT_HTML_PATH);
+	if (!html_path)
+		html_path = system_path(GIT_HTML_PATH);
 
 	/* Check that we have a git documentation directory. */
-	if (stat(mkpath("%s/git.html", html_path), &st)
-	    || !S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
-		die(_("'%s': not a documentation directory."), html_path);
+	if (!strstr(html_path, "://")) {
+		if (stat(mkpath("%s/git.html", html_path), &st)
+		    || !S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
+			die("'%s': not a documentation directory.", html_path);
+	}
 
 	strbuf_init(page_path, 0);
 	strbuf_addf(page_path, "%s/%s.html", html_path, page);
@@ -416,6 +415,37 @@
 	open_html(page_path.buf);
 }
 
+static struct {
+	const char *name;
+	const char *help;
+} common_guides[] = {
+	{ "attributes", N_("Defining attributes per path") },
+	{ "glossary", N_("A Git glossary") },
+	{ "ignore", N_("Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore") },
+	{ "modules", N_("Defining submodule properties") },
+	{ "revisions", N_("Specifying revisions and ranges for Git") },
+	{ "tutorial", N_("A tutorial introduction to Git (for version 1.5.1 or newer)") },
+	{ "workflows", N_("An overview of recommended workflows with Git") },
+};
+
+static void list_common_guides_help(void)
+{
+	int i, longest = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(common_guides); i++) {
+		if (longest < strlen(common_guides[i].name))
+			longest = strlen(common_guides[i].name);
+	}
+
+	puts(_("The common Git guides are:\n"));
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(common_guides); i++) {
+		printf("   %s   ", common_guides[i].name);
+		mput_char(' ', longest - strlen(common_guides[i].name));
+		puts(_(common_guides[i].help));
+	}
+	putchar('\n');
+}
+
 int cmd_help(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int nongit;
@@ -431,7 +461,16 @@
 		git_config(git_help_config, NULL);
 		printf(_("usage: %s%s"), _(git_usage_string), "\n\n");
 		list_commands(colopts, &main_cmds, &other_cmds);
+	}
+
+	if (show_guides)
+		list_common_guides_help();
+
+	if (show_all || show_guides) {
 		printf("%s\n", _(git_more_info_string));
+		/*
+		* We're done. Ignore any remaining args
+		*/
 		return 0;
 	}
 
@@ -447,6 +486,8 @@
 
 	if (parsed_help_format != HELP_FORMAT_NONE)
 		help_format = parsed_help_format;
+	if (help_format == HELP_FORMAT_NONE)
+		help_format = parse_help_format(DEFAULT_HELP_FORMAT);
 
 	alias = alias_lookup(argv[0]);
 	if (alias && !is_git_command(argv[0])) {
diff --git a/builtin/index-pack.c b/builtin/index-pack.c
index dc2cfe6..79dfe47 100644
--- a/builtin/index-pack.c
+++ b/builtin/index-pack.c
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include "progress.h"
 #include "fsck.h"
 #include "exec_cmd.h"
+#include "streaming.h"
 #include "thread-utils.h"
 
 static const char index_pack_usage[] =
@@ -39,8 +40,8 @@
 	int ofs_first, ofs_last;
 };
 
-#if !defined(NO_PTHREADS) && defined(NO_PREAD)
-/* NO_PREAD uses compat/pread.c, which is not thread-safe. Disable threading. */
+#if !defined(NO_PTHREADS) && defined(NO_THREAD_SAFE_PREAD)
+/* pread() emulation is not thread-safe. Disable threading. */
 #define NO_PTHREADS
 #endif
 
@@ -77,6 +78,7 @@
 static int from_stdin;
 static int strict;
 static int verbose;
+static int show_stat;
 
 static struct progress *progress;
 
@@ -107,6 +109,10 @@
 #define work_lock()		lock_mutex(&work_mutex)
 #define work_unlock()		unlock_mutex(&work_mutex)
 
+static pthread_mutex_t deepest_delta_mutex;
+#define deepest_delta_lock()	lock_mutex(&deepest_delta_mutex)
+#define deepest_delta_unlock()	unlock_mutex(&deepest_delta_mutex)
+
 static pthread_key_t key;
 
 static inline void lock_mutex(pthread_mutex_t *mutex)
@@ -129,6 +135,8 @@
 	init_recursive_mutex(&read_mutex);
 	pthread_mutex_init(&counter_mutex, NULL);
 	pthread_mutex_init(&work_mutex, NULL);
+	if (show_stat)
+		pthread_mutex_init(&deepest_delta_mutex, NULL);
 	pthread_key_create(&key, NULL);
 	thread_data = xcalloc(nr_threads, sizeof(*thread_data));
 	threads_active = 1;
@@ -142,6 +150,8 @@
 	pthread_mutex_destroy(&read_mutex);
 	pthread_mutex_destroy(&counter_mutex);
 	pthread_mutex_destroy(&work_mutex);
+	if (show_stat)
+		pthread_mutex_destroy(&deepest_delta_mutex);
 	pthread_key_delete(key);
 	free(thread_data);
 }
@@ -157,6 +167,9 @@
 #define work_lock()
 #define work_unlock()
 
+#define deepest_delta_lock()
+#define deepest_delta_unlock()
+
 #endif
 
 
@@ -290,7 +303,7 @@
 	if (hdr->hdr_signature != htonl(PACK_SIGNATURE))
 		die(_("pack signature mismatch"));
 	if (!pack_version_ok(hdr->hdr_version))
-		die("pack version %"PRIu32" unsupported",
+		die(_("pack version %"PRIu32" unsupported"),
 			ntohl(hdr->hdr_version));
 
 	nr_objects = ntohl(hdr->hdr_entries);
@@ -384,30 +397,62 @@
 	free_base_data(c);
 }
 
-static void *unpack_entry_data(unsigned long offset, unsigned long size)
+static int is_delta_type(enum object_type type)
 {
+	return (type == OBJ_REF_DELTA || type == OBJ_OFS_DELTA);
+}
+
+static void *unpack_entry_data(unsigned long offset, unsigned long size,
+			       enum object_type type, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	static char fixed_buf[8192];
 	int status;
 	git_zstream stream;
-	void *buf = xmalloc(size);
+	void *buf;
+	git_SHA_CTX c;
+	char hdr[32];
+	int hdrlen;
+
+	if (!is_delta_type(type)) {
+		hdrlen = sprintf(hdr, "%s %lu", typename(type), size) + 1;
+		git_SHA1_Init(&c);
+		git_SHA1_Update(&c, hdr, hdrlen);
+	} else
+		sha1 = NULL;
+	if (type == OBJ_BLOB && size > big_file_threshold)
+		buf = fixed_buf;
+	else
+		buf = xmalloc(size);
 
 	memset(&stream, 0, sizeof(stream));
 	git_inflate_init(&stream);
 	stream.next_out = buf;
-	stream.avail_out = size;
+	stream.avail_out = buf == fixed_buf ? sizeof(fixed_buf) : size;
 
 	do {
+		unsigned char *last_out = stream.next_out;
 		stream.next_in = fill(1);
 		stream.avail_in = input_len;
 		status = git_inflate(&stream, 0);
 		use(input_len - stream.avail_in);
+		if (sha1)
+			git_SHA1_Update(&c, last_out, stream.next_out - last_out);
+		if (buf == fixed_buf) {
+			stream.next_out = buf;
+			stream.avail_out = sizeof(fixed_buf);
+		}
 	} while (status == Z_OK);
 	if (stream.total_out != size || status != Z_STREAM_END)
 		bad_object(offset, _("inflate returned %d"), status);
 	git_inflate_end(&stream);
-	return buf;
+	if (sha1)
+		git_SHA1_Final(sha1, &c);
+	return buf == fixed_buf ? NULL : buf;
 }
 
-static void *unpack_raw_entry(struct object_entry *obj, union delta_base *delta_base)
+static void *unpack_raw_entry(struct object_entry *obj,
+			      union delta_base *delta_base,
+			      unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	unsigned char *p;
 	unsigned long size, c;
@@ -467,12 +512,14 @@
 	}
 	obj->hdr_size = consumed_bytes - obj->idx.offset;
 
-	data = unpack_entry_data(obj->idx.offset, obj->size);
+	data = unpack_entry_data(obj->idx.offset, obj->size, obj->type, sha1);
 	obj->idx.crc32 = input_crc32;
 	return data;
 }
 
-static void *get_data_from_pack(struct object_entry *obj)
+static void *unpack_data(struct object_entry *obj,
+			 int (*consume)(const unsigned char *, unsigned long, void *),
+			 void *cb_data)
 {
 	off_t from = obj[0].idx.offset + obj[0].hdr_size;
 	unsigned long len = obj[1].idx.offset - from;
@@ -480,13 +527,13 @@
 	git_zstream stream;
 	int status;
 
-	data = xmalloc(obj->size);
+	data = xmalloc(consume ? 64*1024 : obj->size);
 	inbuf = xmalloc((len < 64*1024) ? len : 64*1024);
 
 	memset(&stream, 0, sizeof(stream));
 	git_inflate_init(&stream);
 	stream.next_out = data;
-	stream.avail_out = obj->size;
+	stream.avail_out = consume ? 64*1024 : obj->size;
 
 	do {
 		ssize_t n = (len < 64*1024) ? len : 64*1024;
@@ -502,7 +549,20 @@
 		len -= n;
 		stream.next_in = inbuf;
 		stream.avail_in = n;
-		status = git_inflate(&stream, 0);
+		if (!consume)
+			status = git_inflate(&stream, 0);
+		else {
+			do {
+				status = git_inflate(&stream, 0);
+				if (consume(data, stream.next_out - data, cb_data)) {
+					free(inbuf);
+					free(data);
+					return NULL;
+				}
+				stream.next_out = data;
+				stream.avail_out = 64*1024;
+			} while (status == Z_OK && stream.avail_in);
+		}
 	} while (len && status == Z_OK && !stream.avail_in);
 
 	/* This has been inflated OK when first encountered, so... */
@@ -511,9 +571,18 @@
 
 	git_inflate_end(&stream);
 	free(inbuf);
+	if (consume) {
+		free(data);
+		data = NULL;
+	}
 	return data;
 }
 
+static void *get_data_from_pack(struct object_entry *obj)
+{
+	return unpack_data(obj, NULL, NULL);
+}
+
 static int compare_delta_bases(const union delta_base *base1,
 			       const union delta_base *base2,
 			       enum object_type type1,
@@ -568,25 +637,102 @@
 	*last_index = last;
 }
 
-static void sha1_object(const void *data, unsigned long size,
-			enum object_type type, unsigned char *sha1)
+struct compare_data {
+	struct object_entry *entry;
+	struct git_istream *st;
+	unsigned char *buf;
+	unsigned long buf_size;
+};
+
+static int compare_objects(const unsigned char *buf, unsigned long size,
+			   void *cb_data)
 {
-	hash_sha1_file(data, size, typename(type), sha1);
+	struct compare_data *data = cb_data;
+
+	if (data->buf_size < size) {
+		free(data->buf);
+		data->buf = xmalloc(size);
+		data->buf_size = size;
+	}
+
+	while (size) {
+		ssize_t len = read_istream(data->st, data->buf, size);
+		if (len == 0)
+			die(_("SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"),
+			    sha1_to_hex(data->entry->idx.sha1));
+		if (len < 0)
+			die(_("unable to read %s"),
+			    sha1_to_hex(data->entry->idx.sha1));
+		if (memcmp(buf, data->buf, len))
+			die(_("SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"),
+			    sha1_to_hex(data->entry->idx.sha1));
+		size -= len;
+		buf += len;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int check_collison(struct object_entry *entry)
+{
+	struct compare_data data;
+	enum object_type type;
+	unsigned long size;
+
+	if (entry->size <= big_file_threshold || entry->type != OBJ_BLOB)
+		return -1;
+
+	memset(&data, 0, sizeof(data));
+	data.entry = entry;
+	data.st = open_istream(entry->idx.sha1, &type, &size, NULL);
+	if (!data.st)
+		return -1;
+	if (size != entry->size || type != entry->type)
+		die(_("SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"),
+		    sha1_to_hex(entry->idx.sha1));
+	unpack_data(entry, compare_objects, &data);
+	close_istream(data.st);
+	free(data.buf);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void sha1_object(const void *data, struct object_entry *obj_entry,
+			unsigned long size, enum object_type type,
+			const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	void *new_data = NULL;
+	int collision_test_needed;
+
+	assert(data || obj_entry);
+
 	read_lock();
-	if (has_sha1_file(sha1)) {
+	collision_test_needed = has_sha1_file(sha1);
+	read_unlock();
+
+	if (collision_test_needed && !data) {
+		read_lock();
+		if (!check_collison(obj_entry))
+			collision_test_needed = 0;
+		read_unlock();
+	}
+	if (collision_test_needed) {
 		void *has_data;
 		enum object_type has_type;
 		unsigned long has_size;
+		read_lock();
+		has_type = sha1_object_info(sha1, &has_size);
+		if (has_type != type || has_size != size)
+			die(_("SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"), sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 		has_data = read_sha1_file(sha1, &has_type, &has_size);
 		read_unlock();
+		if (!data)
+			data = new_data = get_data_from_pack(obj_entry);
 		if (!has_data)
 			die(_("cannot read existing object %s"), sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 		if (size != has_size || type != has_type ||
 		    memcmp(data, has_data, size) != 0)
 			die(_("SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"), sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 		free(has_data);
-	} else
-		read_unlock();
+	}
 
 	if (strict) {
 		read_lock();
@@ -601,6 +747,9 @@
 			int eaten;
 			void *buf = (void *) data;
 
+			if (!buf)
+				buf = new_data = get_data_from_pack(obj_entry);
+
 			/*
 			 * we do not need to free the memory here, as the
 			 * buf is deleted by the caller.
@@ -625,11 +774,8 @@
 		}
 		read_unlock();
 	}
-}
 
-static int is_delta_type(enum object_type type)
-{
-	return (type == OBJ_REF_DELTA || type == OBJ_OFS_DELTA);
+	free(new_data);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -699,9 +845,13 @@
 	void *base_data, *delta_data;
 
 	delta_obj->real_type = base->obj->real_type;
-	delta_obj->delta_depth = base->obj->delta_depth + 1;
-	if (deepest_delta < delta_obj->delta_depth)
-		deepest_delta = delta_obj->delta_depth;
+	if (show_stat) {
+		delta_obj->delta_depth = base->obj->delta_depth + 1;
+		deepest_delta_lock();
+		if (deepest_delta < delta_obj->delta_depth)
+			deepest_delta = delta_obj->delta_depth;
+		deepest_delta_unlock();
+	}
 	delta_obj->base_object_no = base->obj - objects;
 	delta_data = get_data_from_pack(delta_obj);
 	base_data = get_base_data(base);
@@ -711,7 +861,9 @@
 	free(delta_data);
 	if (!result->data)
 		bad_object(delta_obj->idx.offset, _("failed to apply delta"));
-	sha1_object(result->data, result->size, delta_obj->real_type,
+	hash_sha1_file(result->data, result->size,
+		       typename(delta_obj->real_type), delta_obj->idx.sha1);
+	sha1_object(result->data, NULL, result->size, delta_obj->real_type,
 		    delta_obj->idx.sha1);
 	counter_lock();
 	nr_resolved_deltas++;
@@ -815,8 +967,10 @@
 	set_thread_data(data);
 	for (;;) {
 		int i;
-		work_lock();
+		counter_lock();
 		display_progress(progress, nr_resolved_deltas);
+		counter_unlock();
+		work_lock();
 		while (nr_dispatched < nr_objects &&
 		       is_delta_type(objects[nr_dispatched].type))
 			nr_dispatched++;
@@ -841,7 +995,7 @@
  */
 static void parse_pack_objects(unsigned char *sha1)
 {
-	int i;
+	int i, nr_delays = 0;
 	struct delta_entry *delta = deltas;
 	struct stat st;
 
@@ -851,14 +1005,18 @@
 				nr_objects);
 	for (i = 0; i < nr_objects; i++) {
 		struct object_entry *obj = &objects[i];
-		void *data = unpack_raw_entry(obj, &delta->base);
+		void *data = unpack_raw_entry(obj, &delta->base, obj->idx.sha1);
 		obj->real_type = obj->type;
 		if (is_delta_type(obj->type)) {
 			nr_deltas++;
 			delta->obj_no = i;
 			delta++;
+		} else if (!data) {
+			/* large blobs, check later */
+			obj->real_type = OBJ_BAD;
+			nr_delays++;
 		} else
-			sha1_object(data, obj->size, obj->type, obj->idx.sha1);
+			sha1_object(data, NULL, obj->size, obj->type, obj->idx.sha1);
 		free(data);
 		display_progress(progress, i+1);
 	}
@@ -878,6 +1036,17 @@
 	if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode) &&
 			lseek(input_fd, 0, SEEK_CUR) - input_len != st.st_size)
 		die(_("pack has junk at the end"));
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_objects; i++) {
+		struct object_entry *obj = &objects[i];
+		if (obj->real_type != OBJ_BAD)
+			continue;
+		obj->real_type = obj->type;
+		sha1_object(NULL, obj, obj->size, obj->type, obj->idx.sha1);
+		nr_delays--;
+	}
+	if (nr_delays)
+		die(_("confusion beyond insanity in parse_pack_objects()"));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -910,7 +1079,8 @@
 			int ret = pthread_create(&thread_data[i].thread, NULL,
 						 threaded_second_pass, thread_data + i);
 			if (ret)
-				die("unable to create thread: %s", strerror(ret));
+				die(_("unable to create thread: %s"),
+				    strerror(ret));
 		}
 		for (i = 0; i < nr_threads; i++)
 			pthread_join(thread_data[i].thread, NULL);
@@ -947,7 +1117,7 @@
 	if (fix_thin_pack) {
 		struct sha1file *f;
 		unsigned char read_sha1[20], tail_sha1[20];
-		char msg[48];
+		struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
 		int nr_unresolved = nr_deltas - nr_resolved_deltas;
 		int nr_objects_initial = nr_objects;
 		if (nr_unresolved <= 0)
@@ -955,19 +1125,22 @@
 		objects = xrealloc(objects,
 				   (nr_objects + nr_unresolved + 1)
 				   * sizeof(*objects));
+		memset(objects + nr_objects + 1, 0,
+		       nr_unresolved * sizeof(*objects));
 		f = sha1fd(output_fd, curr_pack);
 		fix_unresolved_deltas(f, nr_unresolved);
-		sprintf(msg, "completed with %d local objects",
-			nr_objects - nr_objects_initial);
-		stop_progress_msg(&progress, msg);
+		strbuf_addf(&msg, _("completed with %d local objects"),
+			    nr_objects - nr_objects_initial);
+		stop_progress_msg(&progress, msg.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&msg);
 		sha1close(f, tail_sha1, 0);
 		hashcpy(read_sha1, pack_sha1);
 		fixup_pack_header_footer(output_fd, pack_sha1,
 					 curr_pack, nr_objects,
 					 read_sha1, consumed_bytes-20);
 		if (hashcmp(read_sha1, tail_sha1) != 0)
-			die("Unexpected tail checksum for %s "
-			    "(disk corruption?)", curr_pack);
+			die(_("Unexpected tail checksum for %s "
+			      "(disk corruption?)"), curr_pack);
 	}
 	if (nr_deltas != nr_resolved_deltas)
 		die(Q_("pack has %d unresolved delta",
@@ -1176,17 +1349,17 @@
 	if (!strcmp(k, "pack.indexversion")) {
 		opts->version = git_config_int(k, v);
 		if (opts->version > 2)
-			die("bad pack.indexversion=%"PRIu32, opts->version);
+			die(_("bad pack.indexversion=%"PRIu32), opts->version);
 		return 0;
 	}
 	if (!strcmp(k, "pack.threads")) {
 		nr_threads = git_config_int(k, v);
 		if (nr_threads < 0)
-			die("invalid number of threads specified (%d)",
+			die(_("invalid number of threads specified (%d)"),
 			    nr_threads);
 #ifdef NO_PTHREADS
 		if (nr_threads != 1)
-			warning("no threads support, ignoring %s", k);
+			warning(_("no threads support, ignoring %s"), k);
 		nr_threads = 1;
 #endif
 		return 0;
@@ -1310,7 +1483,7 @@
 
 int cmd_index_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	int i, fix_thin_pack = 0, verify = 0, stat_only = 0, stat = 0;
+	int i, fix_thin_pack = 0, verify = 0, stat_only = 0;
 	const char *curr_pack, *curr_index;
 	const char *index_name = NULL, *pack_name = NULL;
 	const char *keep_name = NULL, *keep_msg = NULL;
@@ -1343,10 +1516,10 @@
 				verify = 1;
 			} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--verify-stat")) {
 				verify = 1;
-				stat = 1;
+				show_stat = 1;
 			} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--verify-stat-only")) {
 				verify = 1;
-				stat = 1;
+				show_stat = 1;
 				stat_only = 1;
 			} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--keep")) {
 				keep_msg = "";
@@ -1359,8 +1532,8 @@
 					usage(index_pack_usage);
 #ifdef NO_PTHREADS
 				if (nr_threads != 1)
-					warning("no threads support, "
-						"ignoring %s", arg);
+					warning(_("no threads support, "
+						  "ignoring %s"), arg);
 				nr_threads = 1;
 #endif
 			} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--pack_header=")) {
@@ -1454,7 +1627,7 @@
 	if (strict)
 		check_objects();
 
-	if (stat)
+	if (show_stat)
 		show_pack_info(stat_only);
 
 	idx_objects = xmalloc((nr_objects) * sizeof(struct pack_idx_entry *));
diff --git a/builtin/init-db.c b/builtin/init-db.c
index 0dacb8b..78aa387 100644
--- a/builtin/init-db.c
+++ b/builtin/init-db.c
@@ -290,6 +290,7 @@
 		strcpy(path + len, "CoNfIg");
 		if (!access(path, F_OK))
 			git_config_set("core.ignorecase", "true");
+		probe_utf8_pathname_composition(path, len);
 	}
 
 	return reinit;
@@ -463,7 +464,7 @@
 }
 
 static const char *const init_db_usage[] = {
-	"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<template-directory>] [--shared[=<permissions>]] [directory]",
+	N_("git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<template-directory>] [--shared[=<permissions>]] [directory]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -481,17 +482,17 @@
 	const char *template_dir = NULL;
 	unsigned int flags = 0;
 	const struct option init_db_options[] = {
-		OPT_STRING(0, "template", &template_dir, "template-directory",
-				"directory from which templates will be used"),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "template", &template_dir, N_("template-directory"),
+				N_("directory from which templates will be used")),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "bare", &is_bare_repository_cfg,
-				"create a bare repository", 1),
+				N_("create a bare repository"), 1),
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "shared", &init_shared_repository,
-			"permissions",
-			"specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users",
+			N_("permissions"),
+			N_("specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users"),
 			PARSE_OPT_OPTARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, shared_callback, 0},
-		OPT_BIT('q', "quiet", &flags, "be quiet", INIT_DB_QUIET),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "separate-git-dir", &real_git_dir, "gitdir",
-			   "separate git dir from working tree"),
+		OPT_BIT('q', "quiet", &flags, N_("be quiet"), INIT_DB_QUIET),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "separate-git-dir", &real_git_dir, N_("gitdir"),
+			   N_("separate git dir from working tree")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
diff --git a/builtin/log.c b/builtin/log.c
index 906dca4..6e56a50 100644
--- a/builtin/log.c
+++ b/builtin/log.c
@@ -21,6 +21,9 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "branch.h"
 #include "streaming.h"
+#include "version.h"
+#include "mailmap.h"
+#include "gpg-interface.h"
 
 /* Set a default date-time format for git log ("log.date" config variable) */
 static const char *default_date_mode = NULL;
@@ -29,12 +32,13 @@
 static int default_show_root = 1;
 static int decoration_style;
 static int decoration_given;
+static int use_mailmap_config;
 static const char *fmt_patch_subject_prefix = "PATCH";
 static const char *fmt_pretty;
 
 static const char * const builtin_log_usage[] = {
-	"git log [<options>] [<since>..<until>] [[--] <path>...]\n"
-	"   or: git show [options] <object>...",
+	N_("git log [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] <path>...]\n")
+	N_("   or: git show [options] <object>..."),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -93,24 +97,26 @@
 			 struct rev_info *rev, struct setup_revision_opt *opt)
 {
 	struct userformat_want w;
-	int quiet = 0, source = 0;
+	int quiet = 0, source = 0, mailmap = 0;
 
 	const struct option builtin_log_options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "quiet", &quiet, "suppress diff output"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "source", &source, "show source"),
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "decorate", NULL, NULL, "decorate options",
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "quiet", &quiet, N_("suppress diff output")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "source", &source, N_("show source")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "use-mailmap", &mailmap, N_("Use mail map file")),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "decorate", NULL, NULL, N_("decorate options"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, decorate_callback},
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
+	mailmap = use_mailmap_config;
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix,
 			     builtin_log_options, builtin_log_usage,
 			     PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ARGV0 | PARSE_OPT_KEEP_UNKNOWN |
 			     PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH);
 
-	argc = setup_revisions(argc, argv, rev, opt);
 	if (quiet)
 		rev->diffopt.output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
+	argc = setup_revisions(argc, argv, rev, opt);
 
 	/* Any arguments at this point are not recognized */
 	if (argc > 1)
@@ -135,6 +141,11 @@
 	if (source)
 		rev->show_source = 1;
 
+	if (mailmap) {
+		rev->mailmap = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct string_list));
+		read_mailmap(rev->mailmap, NULL);
+	}
+
 	if (rev->pretty_given && rev->commit_format == CMIT_FMT_RAW) {
 		/*
 		 * "log --pretty=raw" is special; ignore UI oriented
@@ -350,7 +361,15 @@
 	}
 	if (!prefixcmp(var, "color.decorate."))
 		return parse_decorate_color_config(var, 15, value);
+	if (!strcmp(var, "log.mailmap")) {
+		use_mailmap_config = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
 
+	if (grep_config(var, value, cb) < 0)
+		return -1;
+	if (git_gpg_config(var, value, cb) < 0)
+		return -1;
 	return git_diff_ui_config(var, value, cb);
 }
 
@@ -359,6 +378,7 @@
 	struct rev_info rev;
 	struct setup_revision_opt opt;
 
+	init_grep_defaults();
 	git_config(git_log_config, NULL);
 
 	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
@@ -366,6 +386,7 @@
 	rev.simplify_history = 0;
 	memset(&opt, 0, sizeof(opt));
 	opt.def = "HEAD";
+	opt.revarg_opt = REVARG_COMMITTISH;
 	cmd_log_init(argc, argv, prefix, &rev, &opt);
 	if (!rev.diffopt.output_format)
 		rev.diffopt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_RAW;
@@ -448,13 +469,14 @@
 	struct pathspec match_all;
 	int i, count, ret = 0;
 
+	init_grep_defaults();
 	git_config(git_log_config, NULL);
 
 	init_pathspec(&match_all, NULL);
 	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
 	rev.diff = 1;
 	rev.always_show_header = 1;
-	rev.no_walk = 1;
+	rev.no_walk = REVISION_WALK_NO_WALK_SORTED;
 	rev.diffopt.stat_width = -1; 	/* Scale to real terminal size */
 
 	memset(&opt, 0, sizeof(opt));
@@ -462,6 +484,9 @@
 	opt.tweak = show_rev_tweak_rev;
 	cmd_log_init(argc, argv, prefix, &rev, &opt);
 
+	if (!rev.no_walk)
+		return cmd_log_walk(&rev);
+
 	count = rev.pending.nr;
 	objects = rev.pending.objects;
 	for (i = 0; i < count && !ret; i++) {
@@ -525,6 +550,7 @@
 	struct rev_info rev;
 	struct setup_revision_opt opt;
 
+	init_grep_defaults();
 	git_config(git_log_config, NULL);
 
 	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
@@ -547,12 +573,14 @@
 	struct rev_info rev;
 	struct setup_revision_opt opt;
 
+	init_grep_defaults();
 	git_config(git_log_config, NULL);
 
 	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
 	rev.always_show_header = 1;
 	memset(&opt, 0, sizeof(opt));
 	opt.def = "HEAD";
+	opt.revarg_opt = REVARG_COMMITTISH;
 	cmd_log_init(argc, argv, prefix, &rev, &opt);
 	return cmd_log_walk(&rev);
 }
@@ -594,6 +622,14 @@
 static int thread;
 static int do_signoff;
 static const char *signature = git_version_string;
+static int config_cover_letter;
+
+enum {
+	COVER_UNSET,
+	COVER_OFF,
+	COVER_ON,
+	COVER_AUTO
+};
 
 static int git_format_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
@@ -655,6 +691,14 @@
 	}
 	if (!strcmp(var, "format.signature"))
 		return git_config_string(&signature, var, value);
+	if (!strcmp(var, "format.coverletter")) {
+		if (value && !strcasecmp(value, "auto")) {
+			config_cover_letter = COVER_AUTO;
+			return 0;
+		}
+		config_cover_letter = git_config_bool(var, value) ? COVER_ON : COVER_OFF;
+		return 0;
+	}
 
 	return git_log_config(var, value, cb);
 }
@@ -667,7 +711,7 @@
 			 struct rev_info *rev, int quiet)
 {
 	struct strbuf filename = STRBUF_INIT;
-	int suffix_len = strlen(fmt_patch_suffix) + 1;
+	int suffix_len = strlen(rev->patch_suffix) + 1;
 
 	if (output_directory) {
 		strbuf_addstr(&filename, output_directory);
@@ -678,7 +722,12 @@
 			strbuf_addch(&filename, '/');
 	}
 
-	get_patch_filename(commit, subject, rev->nr, fmt_patch_suffix, &filename);
+	if (rev->numbered_files)
+		strbuf_addf(&filename, "%d", rev->nr);
+	else if (commit)
+		fmt_output_commit(&filename, commit, rev);
+	else
+		fmt_output_subject(&filename, subject, rev);
 
 	if (!quiet)
 		fprintf(realstdout, "%s\n", filename.buf + outdir_offset);
@@ -690,7 +739,7 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void get_patch_ids(struct rev_info *rev, struct patch_ids *ids, const char *prefix)
+static void get_patch_ids(struct rev_info *rev, struct patch_ids *ids)
 {
 	struct rev_info check_rev;
 	struct commit *commit;
@@ -711,7 +760,8 @@
 	init_patch_ids(ids);
 
 	/* given a range a..b get all patch ids for b..a */
-	init_revisions(&check_rev, prefix);
+	init_revisions(&check_rev, rev->prefix);
+	check_rev.max_parents = 1;
 	o1->flags ^= UNINTERESTING;
 	o2->flags ^= UNINTERESTING;
 	add_pending_object(&check_rev, o1, "o1");
@@ -720,10 +770,6 @@
 		die(_("revision walk setup failed"));
 
 	while ((commit = get_revision(&check_rev)) != NULL) {
-		/* ignore merges */
-		if (commit->parents && commit->parents->next)
-			continue;
-
 		add_commit_patch_id(commit, ids);
 	}
 
@@ -764,10 +810,37 @@
 	}
 }
 
+static char *find_branch_name(struct rev_info *rev)
+{
+	int i, positive = -1;
+	unsigned char branch_sha1[20];
+	const unsigned char *tip_sha1;
+	const char *ref;
+	char *full_ref, *branch = NULL;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < rev->cmdline.nr; i++) {
+		if (rev->cmdline.rev[i].flags & UNINTERESTING)
+			continue;
+		if (positive < 0)
+			positive = i;
+		else
+			return NULL;
+	}
+	if (positive < 0)
+		return NULL;
+	ref = rev->cmdline.rev[positive].name;
+	tip_sha1 = rev->cmdline.rev[positive].item->sha1;
+	if (dwim_ref(ref, strlen(ref), branch_sha1, &full_ref) &&
+	    !prefixcmp(full_ref, "refs/heads/") &&
+	    !hashcmp(tip_sha1, branch_sha1))
+		branch = xstrdup(full_ref + strlen("refs/heads/"));
+	free(full_ref);
+	return branch;
+}
+
 static void make_cover_letter(struct rev_info *rev, int use_stdout,
-			      int numbered, int numbered_files,
 			      struct commit *origin,
-			      int nr, struct commit **list, struct commit *head,
+			      int nr, struct commit **list,
 			      const char *branch_name,
 			      int quiet)
 {
@@ -781,6 +854,7 @@
 	struct diff_options opts;
 	int need_8bit_cte = 0;
 	struct pretty_print_context pp = {0};
+	struct commit *head = list[0];
 
 	if (rev->commit_format != CMIT_FMT_EMAIL)
 		die(_("Cover letter needs email format"));
@@ -788,7 +862,7 @@
 	committer = git_committer_info(0);
 
 	if (!use_stdout &&
-	    reopen_stdout(NULL, numbered_files ? NULL : "cover-letter", rev, quiet))
+	    reopen_stdout(NULL, rev->numbered_files ? NULL : "cover-letter", rev, quiet))
 		return;
 
 	log_write_email_headers(rev, head, &pp.subject, &pp.after_subject,
@@ -798,6 +872,9 @@
 		if (has_non_ascii(list[i]->buffer))
 			need_8bit_cte = 1;
 
+	if (!branch_name)
+		branch_name = find_branch_name(rev);
+
 	msg = body;
 	pp.fmt = CMIT_FMT_EMAIL;
 	pp.date_mode = DATE_RFC2822;
@@ -884,7 +961,7 @@
 }
 
 static const char * const builtin_format_patch_usage[] = {
-	"git format-patch [options] [<since> | <revision range>]",
+	N_("git format-patch [options] [<since> | <revision range>]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -1004,35 +1081,6 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static char *find_branch_name(struct rev_info *rev)
-{
-	int i, positive = -1;
-	unsigned char branch_sha1[20];
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	const char *branch;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < rev->cmdline.nr; i++) {
-		if (rev->cmdline.rev[i].flags & UNINTERESTING)
-			continue;
-		if (positive < 0)
-			positive = i;
-		else
-			return NULL;
-	}
-	if (positive < 0)
-		return NULL;
-	strbuf_addf(&buf, "refs/heads/%s", rev->cmdline.rev[positive].name);
-	branch = resolve_ref_unsafe(buf.buf, branch_sha1, 1, NULL);
-	if (!branch ||
-	    prefixcmp(branch, "refs/heads/") ||
-	    hashcmp(rev->cmdline.rev[positive].item->sha1, branch_sha1))
-		branch = NULL;
-	strbuf_release(&buf);
-	if (branch)
-		return xstrdup(rev->cmdline.rev[positive].name);
-	return NULL;
-}
-
 int cmd_format_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	struct commit *commit;
@@ -1042,82 +1090,85 @@
 	int nr = 0, total, i;
 	int use_stdout = 0;
 	int start_number = -1;
-	int numbered_files = 0;		/* _just_ numbers */
+	int just_numbers = 0;
 	int ignore_if_in_upstream = 0;
-	int cover_letter = 0;
+	int cover_letter = -1;
 	int boundary_count = 0;
 	int no_binary_diff = 0;
-	struct commit *origin = NULL, *head = NULL;
+	struct commit *origin = NULL;
 	const char *in_reply_to = NULL;
 	struct patch_ids ids;
-	char *add_signoff = NULL;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int use_patch_format = 0;
 	int quiet = 0;
+	int reroll_count = -1;
 	char *branch_name = NULL;
 	const struct option builtin_format_patch_options[] = {
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'n', "numbered", &numbered, NULL,
-			    "use [PATCH n/m] even with a single patch",
+			    N_("use [PATCH n/m] even with a single patch"),
 			    PARSE_OPT_NOARG, numbered_callback },
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'N', "no-numbered", &numbered, NULL,
-			    "use [PATCH] even with multiple patches",
+			    N_("use [PATCH] even with multiple patches"),
 			    PARSE_OPT_NOARG, no_numbered_callback },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('s', "signoff", &do_signoff, "add Signed-off-by:"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "stdout", &use_stdout,
-			    "print patches to standard out"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "cover-letter", &cover_letter,
-			    "generate a cover letter"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "numbered-files", &numbered_files,
-			    "use simple number sequence for output file names"),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "suffix", &fmt_patch_suffix, "sfx",
-			    "use <sfx> instead of '.patch'"),
+		OPT_BOOL('s', "signoff", &do_signoff, N_("add Signed-off-by:")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "stdout", &use_stdout,
+			    N_("print patches to standard out")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "cover-letter", &cover_letter,
+			    N_("generate a cover letter")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "numbered-files", &just_numbers,
+			    N_("use simple number sequence for output file names")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "suffix", &fmt_patch_suffix, N_("sfx"),
+			    N_("use <sfx> instead of '.patch'")),
 		OPT_INTEGER(0, "start-number", &start_number,
-			    "start numbering patches at <n> instead of 1"),
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "subject-prefix", &rev, "prefix",
-			    "Use [<prefix>] instead of [PATCH]",
+			    N_("start numbering patches at <n> instead of 1")),
+		OPT_INTEGER('v', "reroll-count", &reroll_count,
+			    N_("mark the series as Nth re-roll")),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "subject-prefix", &rev, N_("prefix"),
+			    N_("Use [<prefix>] instead of [PATCH]"),
 			    PARSE_OPT_NONEG, subject_prefix_callback },
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'o', "output-directory", &output_directory,
-			    "dir", "store resulting files in <dir>",
+			    N_("dir"), N_("store resulting files in <dir>"),
 			    PARSE_OPT_NONEG, output_directory_callback },
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'k', "keep-subject", &rev, NULL,
-			    "don't strip/add [PATCH]",
+			    N_("don't strip/add [PATCH]"),
 			    PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, keep_callback },
 		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "no-binary", &no_binary_diff,
-			    "don't output binary diffs"),
+			    N_("don't output binary diffs")),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "ignore-if-in-upstream", &ignore_if_in_upstream,
-			    "don't include a patch matching a commit upstream"),
+			    N_("don't include a patch matching a commit upstream")),
 		{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 'p', "no-stat", &use_patch_format, NULL,
-		  "show patch format instead of default (patch + stat)",
+		  N_("show patch format instead of default (patch + stat)"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_NOARG },
-		OPT_GROUP("Messaging"),
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "add-header", NULL, "header",
-			    "add email header", 0, header_callback },
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "to", NULL, "email", "add To: header",
+		OPT_GROUP(N_("Messaging")),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "add-header", NULL, N_("header"),
+			    N_("add email header"), 0, header_callback },
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "to", NULL, N_("email"), N_("add To: header"),
 			    0, to_callback },
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "cc", NULL, "email", "add Cc: header",
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "cc", NULL, N_("email"), N_("add Cc: header"),
 			    0, cc_callback },
-		OPT_STRING(0, "in-reply-to", &in_reply_to, "message-id",
-			    "make first mail a reply to <message-id>"),
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "attach", &rev, "boundary",
-			    "attach the patch", PARSE_OPT_OPTARG,
+		OPT_STRING(0, "in-reply-to", &in_reply_to, N_("message-id"),
+			    N_("make first mail a reply to <message-id>")),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "attach", &rev, N_("boundary"),
+			    N_("attach the patch"), PARSE_OPT_OPTARG,
 			    attach_callback },
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "inline", &rev, "boundary",
-			    "inline the patch",
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "inline", &rev, N_("boundary"),
+			    N_("inline the patch"),
 			    PARSE_OPT_OPTARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
 			    inline_callback },
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "thread", &thread, "style",
-			    "enable message threading, styles: shallow, deep",
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "thread", &thread, N_("style"),
+			    N_("enable message threading, styles: shallow, deep"),
 			    PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, thread_callback },
-		OPT_STRING(0, "signature", &signature, "signature",
-			    "add a signature"),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "signature", &signature, N_("signature"),
+			    N_("add a signature")),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "quiet", &quiet,
-			    "don't print the patch filenames"),
+			    N_("don't print the patch filenames")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
 	extra_hdr.strdup_strings = 1;
 	extra_to.strdup_strings = 1;
 	extra_cc.strdup_strings = 1;
+	init_grep_defaults();
 	git_config(git_format_config, NULL);
 	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
 	rev.commit_format = CMIT_FMT_EMAIL;
@@ -1128,6 +1179,7 @@
 	rev.subject_prefix = fmt_patch_subject_prefix;
 	memset(&s_r_opt, 0, sizeof(s_r_opt));
 	s_r_opt.def = "HEAD";
+	s_r_opt.revarg_opt = REVARG_COMMITTISH;
 
 	if (default_attach) {
 		rev.mime_boundary = default_attach;
@@ -1144,14 +1196,12 @@
 			     PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ARGV0 | PARSE_OPT_KEEP_UNKNOWN |
 			     PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH);
 
-	if (do_signoff) {
-		const char *committer;
-		const char *endpos;
-		committer = git_committer_info(IDENT_STRICT);
-		endpos = strchr(committer, '>');
-		if (!endpos)
-			die(_("bogus committer info %s"), committer);
-		add_signoff = xmemdupz(committer, endpos - committer + 1);
+	if (0 < reroll_count) {
+		struct strbuf sprefix = STRBUF_INIT;
+		strbuf_addf(&sprefix, "%s v%d",
+			    rev.subject_prefix, reroll_count);
+		rev.reroll_count = reroll_count;
+		rev.subject_prefix = strbuf_detach(&sprefix, NULL);
 	}
 
 	for (i = 0; i < extra_hdr.nr; i++) {
@@ -1239,28 +1289,36 @@
 	}
 
 	if (rev.pending.nr == 1) {
+		int check_head = 0;
+
 		if (rev.max_count < 0 && !rev.show_root_diff) {
 			/*
 			 * This is traditional behaviour of "git format-patch
 			 * origin" that prepares what the origin side still
 			 * does not have.
 			 */
-			unsigned char sha1[20];
-			const char *ref;
-
 			rev.pending.objects[0].item->flags |= UNINTERESTING;
 			add_head_to_pending(&rev);
-			ref = resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", sha1, 1, NULL);
-			if (ref && !prefixcmp(ref, "refs/heads/"))
-				branch_name = xstrdup(ref + strlen("refs/heads/"));
-			else
-				branch_name = xstrdup(""); /* no branch */
+			check_head = 1;
 		}
 		/*
 		 * Otherwise, it is "format-patch -22 HEAD", and/or
 		 * "format-patch --root HEAD".  The user wants
 		 * get_revision() to do the usual traversal.
 		 */
+
+		if (!strcmp(rev.pending.objects[0].name, "HEAD"))
+			check_head = 1;
+
+		if (check_head) {
+			unsigned char sha1[20];
+			const char *ref;
+			ref = resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", sha1, 1, NULL);
+			if (ref && !prefixcmp(ref, "refs/heads/"))
+				branch_name = xstrdup(ref + strlen("refs/heads/"));
+			else
+				branch_name = xstrdup(""); /* no branch */
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -1269,29 +1327,6 @@
 	 */
 	rev.show_root_diff = 1;
 
-	if (cover_letter) {
-		/*
-		 * NEEDSWORK:randomly pick one positive commit to show
-		 * diffstat; this is often the tip and the command
-		 * happens to do the right thing in most cases, but a
-		 * complex command like "--cover-letter a b c ^bottom"
-		 * picks "c" and shows diffstat between bottom..c
-		 * which may not match what the series represents at
-		 * all and totally broken.
-		 */
-		int i;
-		for (i = 0; i < rev.pending.nr; i++) {
-			struct object *o = rev.pending.objects[i].item;
-			if (!(o->flags & UNINTERESTING))
-				head = (struct commit *)o;
-		}
-		/* There is nothing to show; it is not an error, though. */
-		if (!head)
-			return 0;
-		if (!branch_name)
-			branch_name = find_branch_name(&rev);
-	}
-
 	if (ignore_if_in_upstream) {
 		/* Don't say anything if head and upstream are the same. */
 		if (rev.pending.nr == 2) {
@@ -1299,7 +1334,7 @@
 			if (hashcmp(o[0].item->sha1, o[1].item->sha1) == 0)
 				return 0;
 		}
-		get_patch_ids(&rev, &ids, prefix);
+		get_patch_ids(&rev, &ids);
 	}
 
 	if (!use_stdout)
@@ -1323,28 +1358,38 @@
 		list = xrealloc(list, nr * sizeof(list[0]));
 		list[nr - 1] = commit;
 	}
+	if (nr == 0)
+		/* nothing to do */
+		return 0;
 	total = nr;
 	if (!keep_subject && auto_number && total > 1)
 		numbered = 1;
 	if (numbered)
 		rev.total = total + start_number - 1;
+	if (cover_letter == -1) {
+		if (config_cover_letter == COVER_AUTO)
+			cover_letter = (total > 1);
+		else
+			cover_letter = (config_cover_letter == COVER_ON);
+	}
+
 	if (in_reply_to || thread || cover_letter)
 		rev.ref_message_ids = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct string_list));
 	if (in_reply_to) {
 		const char *msgid = clean_message_id(in_reply_to);
 		string_list_append(rev.ref_message_ids, msgid);
 	}
-	rev.numbered_files = numbered_files;
+	rev.numbered_files = just_numbers;
 	rev.patch_suffix = fmt_patch_suffix;
 	if (cover_letter) {
 		if (thread)
 			gen_message_id(&rev, "cover");
-		make_cover_letter(&rev, use_stdout, numbered, numbered_files,
-				  origin, nr, list, head, branch_name, quiet);
+		make_cover_letter(&rev, use_stdout,
+				  origin, nr, list, branch_name, quiet);
 		total++;
 		start_number--;
 	}
-	rev.add_signoff = add_signoff;
+	rev.add_signoff = do_signoff;
 	while (0 <= --nr) {
 		int shown;
 		commit = list[nr];
@@ -1386,7 +1431,7 @@
 		}
 
 		if (!use_stdout &&
-		    reopen_stdout(numbered_files ? NULL : commit, NULL, &rev, quiet))
+		    reopen_stdout(rev.numbered_files ? NULL : commit, NULL, &rev, quiet))
 			die(_("Failed to create output files"));
 		shown = log_tree_commit(&rev, commit);
 		free(commit->buffer);
@@ -1436,7 +1481,7 @@
 }
 
 static const char * const cherry_usage[] = {
-	"git cherry [-v] [<upstream> [<head> [<limit>]]]",
+	N_("git cherry [-v] [<upstream> [<head> [<limit>]]]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -1470,7 +1515,7 @@
 
 	struct option options[] = {
 		OPT__ABBREV(&abbrev),
-		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, "be verbose"),
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("be verbose")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -1501,10 +1546,7 @@
 	}
 
 	init_revisions(&revs, prefix);
-	revs.diff = 1;
-	revs.combine_merges = 0;
-	revs.ignore_merges = 1;
-	DIFF_OPT_SET(&revs.diffopt, RECURSIVE);
+	revs.max_parents = 1;
 
 	if (add_pending_commit(head, &revs, 0))
 		die(_("Unknown commit %s"), head);
@@ -1518,7 +1560,7 @@
 			return 0;
 	}
 
-	get_patch_ids(&revs, &ids, prefix);
+	get_patch_ids(&revs, &ids);
 
 	if (limit && add_pending_commit(limit, &revs, UNINTERESTING))
 		die(_("Unknown commit %s"), limit);
@@ -1527,10 +1569,6 @@
 	if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
 		die(_("revision walk setup failed"));
 	while ((commit = get_revision(&revs)) != NULL) {
-		/* ignore merges */
-		if (commit->parents && commit->parents->next)
-			continue;
-
 		commit_list_insert(commit, &list);
 	}
 
diff --git a/builtin/ls-files.c b/builtin/ls-files.c
index 7cff175..2202072 100644
--- a/builtin/ls-files.c
+++ b/builtin/ls-files.c
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 static char *ps_matched;
 static const char *with_tree;
 static int exc_given;
+static int exclude_args;
 
 static const char *tag_cached = "";
 static const char *tag_unmerged = "";
@@ -200,6 +201,12 @@
 	}
 }
 
+static int ce_excluded(struct dir_struct *dir, struct cache_entry *ce)
+{
+	int dtype = ce_to_dtype(ce);
+	return is_excluded(dir, ce->name, &dtype);
+}
+
 static void show_files(struct dir_struct *dir)
 {
 	int i;
@@ -215,9 +222,8 @@
 	if (show_cached | show_stage) {
 		for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
 			struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
-			int dtype = ce_to_dtype(ce);
-			if (dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED &&
-			    !excluded(dir, ce->name, &dtype))
+			if ((dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED) &&
+			    !ce_excluded(dir, ce))
 				continue;
 			if (show_unmerged && !ce_stage(ce))
 				continue;
@@ -232,9 +238,8 @@
 			struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
 			struct stat st;
 			int err;
-			int dtype = ce_to_dtype(ce);
-			if (dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED &&
-			    !excluded(dir, ce->name, &dtype))
+			if ((dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED) &&
+			    !ce_excluded(dir, ce))
 				continue;
 			if (ce->ce_flags & CE_UPDATE)
 				continue;
@@ -326,7 +331,7 @@
 		matchbuf[0] = prefix;
 		matchbuf[1] = NULL;
 		init_pathspec(&pathspec, matchbuf);
-		pathspec.items[0].use_wildcard = 0;
+		pathspec.items[0].nowildcard_len = pathspec.items[0].len;
 	} else
 		init_pathspec(&pathspec, NULL);
 	if (read_tree(tree, 1, &pathspec))
@@ -394,7 +399,7 @@
 }
 
 static const char * const ls_files_usage[] = {
-	"git ls-files [options] [<file>...]",
+	N_("git ls-files [options] [<file>...]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -409,10 +414,10 @@
 static int option_parse_exclude(const struct option *opt,
 				const char *arg, int unset)
 {
-	struct exclude_list *list = opt->value;
+	struct string_list *exclude_list = opt->value;
 
 	exc_given = 1;
-	add_exclude(arg, "", 0, list);
+	string_list_append(exclude_list, arg);
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -441,62 +446,64 @@
 
 int cmd_ls_files(int argc, const char **argv, const char *cmd_prefix)
 {
-	int require_work_tree = 0, show_tag = 0;
+	int require_work_tree = 0, show_tag = 0, i;
 	const char *max_prefix;
 	struct dir_struct dir;
+	struct exclude_list *el;
+	struct string_list exclude_list = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 	struct option builtin_ls_files_options[] = {
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'z', NULL, NULL, NULL,
-			"paths are separated with NUL character",
+			N_("paths are separated with NUL character"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NOARG, option_parse_z },
 		OPT_BOOLEAN('t', NULL, &show_tag,
-			"identify the file status with tags"),
+			N_("identify the file status with tags")),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN('v', NULL, &show_valid_bit,
-			"use lowercase letters for 'assume unchanged' files"),
+			N_("use lowercase letters for 'assume unchanged' files")),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN('c', "cached", &show_cached,
-			"show cached files in the output (default)"),
+			N_("show cached files in the output (default)")),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN('d', "deleted", &show_deleted,
-			"show deleted files in the output"),
+			N_("show deleted files in the output")),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN('m', "modified", &show_modified,
-			"show modified files in the output"),
+			N_("show modified files in the output")),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN('o', "others", &show_others,
-			"show other files in the output"),
+			N_("show other files in the output")),
 		OPT_BIT('i', "ignored", &dir.flags,
-			"show ignored files in the output",
+			N_("show ignored files in the output"),
 			DIR_SHOW_IGNORED),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN('s', "stage", &show_stage,
-			"show staged contents' object name in the output"),
+			N_("show staged contents' object name in the output")),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN('k', "killed", &show_killed,
-			"show files on the filesystem that need to be removed"),
+			N_("show files on the filesystem that need to be removed")),
 		OPT_BIT(0, "directory", &dir.flags,
-			"show 'other' directories' name only",
+			N_("show 'other' directories' name only"),
 			DIR_SHOW_OTHER_DIRECTORIES),
 		OPT_NEGBIT(0, "empty-directory", &dir.flags,
-			"don't show empty directories",
+			N_("don't show empty directories"),
 			DIR_HIDE_EMPTY_DIRECTORIES),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN('u', "unmerged", &show_unmerged,
-			"show unmerged files in the output"),
+			N_("show unmerged files in the output")),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "resolve-undo", &show_resolve_undo,
-			    "show resolve-undo information"),
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'x', "exclude", &dir.exclude_list[EXC_CMDL], "pattern",
-			"skip files matching pattern",
+			    N_("show resolve-undo information")),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'x', "exclude", &exclude_list, N_("pattern"),
+			N_("skip files matching pattern"),
 			0, option_parse_exclude },
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'X', "exclude-from", &dir, "file",
-			"exclude patterns are read from <file>",
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'X', "exclude-from", &dir, N_("file"),
+			N_("exclude patterns are read from <file>"),
 			0, option_parse_exclude_from },
-		OPT_STRING(0, "exclude-per-directory", &dir.exclude_per_dir, "file",
-			"read additional per-directory exclude patterns in <file>"),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "exclude-per-directory", &dir.exclude_per_dir, N_("file"),
+			N_("read additional per-directory exclude patterns in <file>")),
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "exclude-standard", &dir, NULL,
-			"add the standard git exclusions",
+			N_("add the standard git exclusions"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NOARG, option_parse_exclude_standard },
 		{ OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "full-name", &prefix_len, NULL,
-			"make the output relative to the project top directory",
+			N_("make the output relative to the project top directory"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL },
 		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "error-unmatch", &error_unmatch,
-			"if any <file> is not in the index, treat this as an error"),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "with-tree", &with_tree, "tree-ish",
-			"pretend that paths removed since <tree-ish> are still present"),
+			N_("if any <file> is not in the index, treat this as an error")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "with-tree", &with_tree, N_("tree-ish"),
+			N_("pretend that paths removed since <tree-ish> are still present")),
 		OPT__ABBREV(&abbrev),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "debug", &debug_mode, "show debugging data"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "debug", &debug_mode, N_("show debugging data")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -514,6 +521,10 @@
 
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, builtin_ls_files_options,
 			ls_files_usage, 0);
+	el = add_exclude_list(&dir, EXC_CMDL, "--exclude option");
+	for (i = 0; i < exclude_list.nr; i++) {
+		add_exclude(exclude_list.items[i].string, "", 0, el, --exclude_args);
+	}
 	if (show_tag || show_valid_bit) {
 		tag_cached = "H ";
 		tag_unmerged = "M ";
diff --git a/builtin/ls-remote.c b/builtin/ls-remote.c
index 41c88a9..25e83cf 100644
--- a/builtin/ls-remote.c
+++ b/builtin/ls-remote.c
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 static const char ls_remote_usage[] =
 "git ls-remote [--heads] [--tags]  [-u <exec> | --upload-pack <exec>]\n"
-"                     [-q|--quiet] [--exit-code] [<repository> [<refs>...]]";
+"                     [-q|--quiet] [--exit-code] [--get-url] [<repository> [<refs>...]]";
 
 /*
  * Is there one among the list of patterns that match the tail part
diff --git a/builtin/ls-tree.c b/builtin/ls-tree.c
index 6b666e1..fb76e38 100644
--- a/builtin/ls-tree.c
+++ b/builtin/ls-tree.c
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 static const char *ls_tree_prefix;
 
 static const  char * const ls_tree_usage[] = {
-	"git ls-tree [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]",
+	N_("git ls-tree [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -122,25 +122,25 @@
 	struct tree *tree;
 	int i, full_tree = 0;
 	const struct option ls_tree_options[] = {
-		OPT_BIT('d', NULL, &ls_options, "only show trees",
+		OPT_BIT('d', NULL, &ls_options, N_("only show trees"),
 			LS_TREE_ONLY),
-		OPT_BIT('r', NULL, &ls_options, "recurse into subtrees",
+		OPT_BIT('r', NULL, &ls_options, N_("recurse into subtrees"),
 			LS_RECURSIVE),
-		OPT_BIT('t', NULL, &ls_options, "show trees when recursing",
+		OPT_BIT('t', NULL, &ls_options, N_("show trees when recursing"),
 			LS_SHOW_TREES),
 		OPT_SET_INT('z', NULL, &line_termination,
-			    "terminate entries with NUL byte", 0),
-		OPT_BIT('l', "long", &ls_options, "include object size",
+			    N_("terminate entries with NUL byte"), 0),
+		OPT_BIT('l', "long", &ls_options, N_("include object size"),
 			LS_SHOW_SIZE),
-		OPT_BIT(0, "name-only", &ls_options, "list only filenames",
+		OPT_BIT(0, "name-only", &ls_options, N_("list only filenames"),
 			LS_NAME_ONLY),
-		OPT_BIT(0, "name-status", &ls_options, "list only filenames",
+		OPT_BIT(0, "name-status", &ls_options, N_("list only filenames"),
 			LS_NAME_ONLY),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "full-name", &chomp_prefix,
-			    "use full path names", 0),
+			    N_("use full path names"), 0),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "full-tree", &full_tree,
-			    "list entire tree; not just current directory "
-			    "(implies --full-name)"),
+			    N_("list entire tree; not just current directory "
+			       "(implies --full-name)")),
 		OPT__ABBREV(&abbrev),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@
 
 	init_pathspec(&pathspec, get_pathspec(prefix, argv + 1));
 	for (i = 0; i < pathspec.nr; i++)
-		pathspec.items[i].use_wildcard = 0;
+		pathspec.items[i].nowildcard_len = pathspec.items[i].len;
 	pathspec.has_wildcard = 0;
 	tree = parse_tree_indirect(sha1);
 	if (!tree)
diff --git a/builtin/mailinfo.c b/builtin/mailinfo.c
index eaf9e15..24a772d 100644
--- a/builtin/mailinfo.c
+++ b/builtin/mailinfo.c
@@ -19,9 +19,6 @@
 static enum  {
 	TE_DONTCARE, TE_QP, TE_BASE64
 } transfer_encoding;
-static enum  {
-	TYPE_TEXT, TYPE_OTHER
-} message_type;
 
 static struct strbuf charset = STRBUF_INIT;
 static int patch_lines;
@@ -160,10 +157,9 @@
 	const char *ends, *ap = strcasestr(line, name);
 	size_t sz;
 
-	if (!ap) {
-		strbuf_setlen(attr, 0);
+	strbuf_setlen(attr, 0);
+	if (!ap)
 		return 0;
-	}
 	ap += strlen(name);
 	if (*ap == '"') {
 		ap++;
@@ -185,8 +181,6 @@
 	struct strbuf *boundary = xmalloc(sizeof(struct strbuf));
 	strbuf_init(boundary, line->len);
 
-	if (!strcasestr(line->buf, "text/"))
-		 message_type = TYPE_OTHER;
 	if (slurp_attr(line->buf, "boundary=", boundary)) {
 		strbuf_insert(boundary, 0, "--", 2);
 		if (++content_top > &content[MAX_BOUNDARIES]) {
@@ -232,7 +226,9 @@
 		case 'r': case 'R':
 			if (subject->len <= at + 3)
 				break;
-			if (!memcmp(subject->buf + at + 1, "e:", 2)) {
+			if ((subject->buf[at + 1] == 'e' ||
+			     subject->buf[at + 1] == 'E') &&
+			    subject->buf[at + 2] == ':') {
 				strbuf_remove(subject, at, 3);
 				continue;
 			}
@@ -481,37 +477,14 @@
 	return out;
 }
 
-/*
- * When there is no known charset, guess.
- *
- * Right now we assume that if the target is UTF-8 (the default),
- * and it already looks like UTF-8 (which includes US-ASCII as its
- * subset, of course) then that is what it is and there is nothing
- * to do.
- *
- * Otherwise, we default to assuming it is Latin1 for historical
- * reasons.
- */
-static const char *guess_charset(const struct strbuf *line, const char *target_charset)
-{
-	if (is_encoding_utf8(target_charset)) {
-		if (is_utf8(line->buf))
-			return NULL;
-	}
-	return "ISO8859-1";
-}
-
 static void convert_to_utf8(struct strbuf *line, const char *charset)
 {
 	char *out;
 
-	if (!charset || !*charset) {
-		charset = guess_charset(line, metainfo_charset);
-		if (!charset)
-			return;
-	}
+	if (!charset || !*charset)
+		return;
 
-	if (!strcasecmp(metainfo_charset, charset))
+	if (same_encoding(metainfo_charset, charset))
 		return;
 	out = reencode_string(line->buf, metainfo_charset, charset);
 	if (!out)
@@ -680,7 +653,6 @@
 	/* set some defaults */
 	transfer_encoding = TE_DONTCARE;
 	strbuf_reset(&charset);
-	message_type = TYPE_TEXT;
 
 	/* slurp in this section's info */
 	while (read_one_header_line(&line, fin))
@@ -894,11 +866,6 @@
 			strbuf_insert(&line, 0, prev.buf, prev.len);
 			strbuf_reset(&prev);
 
-			/* binary data most likely doesn't have newlines */
-			if (message_type != TYPE_TEXT) {
-				handle_filter(&line);
-				break;
-			}
 			/*
 			 * This is a decoded line that may contain
 			 * multiple new lines.  Pass only one chunk
diff --git a/builtin/mailsplit.c b/builtin/mailsplit.c
index 2d43278..06296d4 100644
--- a/builtin/mailsplit.c
+++ b/builtin/mailsplit.c
@@ -130,6 +130,27 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int maildir_filename_cmp(const char *a, const char *b)
+{
+	while (*a && *b) {
+		if (isdigit(*a) && isdigit(*b)) {
+			long int na, nb;
+			na = strtol(a, (char **)&a, 10);
+			nb = strtol(b, (char **)&b, 10);
+			if (na != nb)
+				return na - nb;
+			/* strtol advanced our pointers */
+		}
+		else {
+			if (*a != *b)
+				return (unsigned char)*a - (unsigned char)*b;
+			a++;
+			b++;
+		}
+	}
+	return (unsigned char)*a - (unsigned char)*b;
+}
+
 static int split_maildir(const char *maildir, const char *dir,
 	int nr_prec, int skip)
 {
@@ -139,6 +160,8 @@
 	int i;
 	struct string_list list = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 
+	list.cmp = maildir_filename_cmp;
+
 	if (populate_maildir_list(&list, maildir) < 0)
 		goto out;
 
diff --git a/builtin/merge-base.c b/builtin/merge-base.c
index 4f30f1b..1bc7991 100644
--- a/builtin/merge-base.c
+++ b/builtin/merge-base.c
@@ -23,9 +23,10 @@
 }
 
 static const char * const merge_base_usage[] = {
-	"git merge-base [-a|--all] <commit> <commit>...",
-	"git merge-base [-a|--all] --octopus <commit>...",
-	"git merge-base --independent <commit>...",
+	N_("git merge-base [-a|--all] <commit> <commit>..."),
+	N_("git merge-base [-a|--all] --octopus <commit>..."),
+	N_("git merge-base --independent <commit>..."),
+	N_("git merge-base --is-ancestor <commit> <commit>"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -70,6 +71,20 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int handle_is_ancestor(int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	struct commit *one, *two;
+
+	if (argc != 2)
+		die("--is-ancestor takes exactly two commits");
+	one = get_commit_reference(argv[0]);
+	two = get_commit_reference(argv[1]);
+	if (in_merge_bases(one, two))
+		return 0;
+	else
+		return 1;
+}
+
 int cmd_merge_base(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	struct commit **rev;
@@ -77,11 +92,14 @@
 	int show_all = 0;
 	int octopus = 0;
 	int reduce = 0;
+	int is_ancestor = 0;
 
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "all", &show_all, "output all common ancestors"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "octopus", &octopus, "find ancestors for a single n-way merge"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "independent", &reduce, "list revs not reachable from others"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "all", &show_all, N_("output all common ancestors")),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "octopus", &octopus, N_("find ancestors for a single n-way merge")),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "independent", &reduce, N_("list revs not reachable from others")),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "is-ancestor", &is_ancestor,
+			    N_("is the first one ancestor of the other?")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -89,6 +107,10 @@
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, merge_base_usage, 0);
 	if (!octopus && !reduce && argc < 2)
 		usage_with_options(merge_base_usage, options);
+	if (is_ancestor && (show_all | octopus | reduce))
+		die("--is-ancestor cannot be used with other options");
+	if (is_ancestor)
+		return handle_is_ancestor(argc, argv);
 	if (reduce && (show_all || octopus))
 		die("--independent cannot be used with other options");
 
diff --git a/builtin/merge-file.c b/builtin/merge-file.c
index 6f0efef..c0570f2 100644
--- a/builtin/merge-file.c
+++ b/builtin/merge-file.c
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 
 static const char *const merge_file_usage[] = {
-	"git merge-file [options] [-L name1 [-L orig [-L name2]]] file1 orig_file file2",
+	N_("git merge-file [options] [-L name1 [-L orig [-L name2]]] file1 orig_file file2"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -30,19 +30,19 @@
 	int quiet = 0;
 	int prefixlen = 0;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "stdout", &to_stdout, "send results to standard output"),
-		OPT_SET_INT(0, "diff3", &xmp.style, "use a diff3 based merge", XDL_MERGE_DIFF3),
-		OPT_SET_INT(0, "ours", &xmp.favor, "for conflicts, use our version",
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "stdout", &to_stdout, N_("send results to standard output")),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "diff3", &xmp.style, N_("use a diff3 based merge"), XDL_MERGE_DIFF3),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "ours", &xmp.favor, N_("for conflicts, use our version"),
 			    XDL_MERGE_FAVOR_OURS),
-		OPT_SET_INT(0, "theirs", &xmp.favor, "for conflicts, use their version",
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "theirs", &xmp.favor, N_("for conflicts, use their version"),
 			    XDL_MERGE_FAVOR_THEIRS),
-		OPT_SET_INT(0, "union", &xmp.favor, "for conflicts, use a union version",
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "union", &xmp.favor, N_("for conflicts, use a union version"),
 			    XDL_MERGE_FAVOR_UNION),
 		OPT_INTEGER(0, "marker-size", &xmp.marker_size,
-			    "for conflicts, use this marker size"),
-		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, "do not warn about conflicts"),
-		OPT_CALLBACK('L', NULL, names, "name",
-			     "set labels for file1/orig_file/file2", &label_cb),
+			    N_("for conflicts, use this marker size")),
+		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("do not warn about conflicts")),
+		OPT_CALLBACK('L', NULL, names, N_("name"),
+			     N_("set labels for file1/orig_file/file2"), &label_cb),
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 
diff --git a/builtin/merge-index.c b/builtin/merge-index.c
index 2338832..be5e514 100644
--- a/builtin/merge-index.c
+++ b/builtin/merge-index.c
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
 	return found;
 }
 
-static void merge_file(const char *path)
+static void merge_one_path(const char *path)
 {
 	int pos = cache_name_pos(path, strlen(path));
 
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@
 			}
 			die("git merge-index: unknown option %s", arg);
 		}
-		merge_file(arg);
+		merge_one_path(arg);
 	}
 	if (err && !quiet)
 		die("merge program failed");
diff --git a/builtin/merge-tree.c b/builtin/merge-tree.c
index 897a563..61cbde4 100644
--- a/builtin/merge-tree.c
+++ b/builtin/merge-tree.c
@@ -3,17 +3,15 @@
 #include "xdiff-interface.h"
 #include "blob.h"
 #include "exec_cmd.h"
-#include "merge-file.h"
+#include "merge-blobs.h"
 
 static const char merge_tree_usage[] = "git merge-tree <base-tree> <branch1> <branch2>";
-static int resolve_directories = 1;
 
 struct merge_list {
 	struct merge_list *next;
 	struct merge_list *link;	/* other stages for this object */
 
-	unsigned int stage : 2,
-		     flags : 30;
+	unsigned int stage : 2;
 	unsigned int mode;
 	const char *path;
 	struct blob *blob;
@@ -27,7 +25,7 @@
 	merge_result_end = &entry->next;
 }
 
-static void merge_trees(struct tree_desc t[3], const char *base);
+static void merge_trees_recursive(struct tree_desc t[3], const char *base, int df_conflict);
 
 static const char *explanation(struct merge_list *entry)
 {
@@ -76,7 +74,7 @@
 	their = NULL;
 	if (entry)
 		their = entry->blob;
-	return merge_file(path, base, our, their, size);
+	return merge_blobs(path, base, our, their, size);
 }
 
 static void *origin(struct merge_list *entry, unsigned long *size)
@@ -157,6 +155,11 @@
 		a->mode == b->mode;
 }
 
+static int both_empty(struct name_entry *a, struct name_entry *b)
+{
+	return !(a->sha1 || b->sha1);
+}
+
 static struct merge_list *create_entry(unsigned stage, unsigned mode, const unsigned char *sha1, const char *path)
 {
 	struct merge_list *res = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*res));
@@ -174,17 +177,17 @@
 	return make_traverse_path(path, info, n);
 }
 
-static void resolve(const struct traverse_info *info, struct name_entry *branch1, struct name_entry *result)
+static void resolve(const struct traverse_info *info, struct name_entry *ours, struct name_entry *result)
 {
 	struct merge_list *orig, *final;
 	const char *path;
 
-	/* If it's already branch1, don't bother showing it */
-	if (!branch1)
+	/* If it's already ours, don't bother showing it */
+	if (!ours)
 		return;
 
 	path = traverse_path(info, result);
-	orig = create_entry(2, branch1->mode, branch1->sha1, path);
+	orig = create_entry(2, ours->mode, ours->sha1, path);
 	final = create_entry(0, result->mode, result->sha1, path);
 
 	final->link = orig;
@@ -192,34 +195,35 @@
 	add_merge_entry(final);
 }
 
-static int unresolved_directory(const struct traverse_info *info, struct name_entry n[3])
+static void unresolved_directory(const struct traverse_info *info, struct name_entry n[3],
+				 int df_conflict)
 {
 	char *newbase;
 	struct name_entry *p;
 	struct tree_desc t[3];
 	void *buf0, *buf1, *buf2;
 
-	if (!resolve_directories)
-		return 0;
-	p = n;
-	if (!p->mode) {
-		p++;
-		if (!p->mode)
-			p++;
+	for (p = n; p < n + 3; p++) {
+		if (p->mode && S_ISDIR(p->mode))
+			break;
 	}
-	if (!S_ISDIR(p->mode))
-		return 0;
+	if (n + 3 <= p)
+		return; /* there is no tree here */
+
 	newbase = traverse_path(info, p);
-	buf0 = fill_tree_descriptor(t+0, n[0].sha1);
-	buf1 = fill_tree_descriptor(t+1, n[1].sha1);
-	buf2 = fill_tree_descriptor(t+2, n[2].sha1);
-	merge_trees(t, newbase);
+
+#define ENTRY_SHA1(e) (((e)->mode && S_ISDIR((e)->mode)) ? (e)->sha1 : NULL)
+	buf0 = fill_tree_descriptor(t+0, ENTRY_SHA1(n + 0));
+	buf1 = fill_tree_descriptor(t+1, ENTRY_SHA1(n + 1));
+	buf2 = fill_tree_descriptor(t+2, ENTRY_SHA1(n + 2));
+#undef ENTRY_SHA1
+
+	merge_trees_recursive(t, newbase, df_conflict);
 
 	free(buf0);
 	free(buf1);
 	free(buf2);
 	free(newbase);
-	return 1;
 }
 
 
@@ -242,18 +246,30 @@
 static void unresolved(const struct traverse_info *info, struct name_entry n[3])
 {
 	struct merge_list *entry = NULL;
+	int i;
+	unsigned dirmask = 0, mask = 0;
 
-	if (unresolved_directory(info, n))
+	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+		mask |= (1 << i);
+		/*
+		 * Treat missing entries as directories so that we return
+		 * after unresolved_directory has handled this.
+		 */
+		if (!n[i].mode || S_ISDIR(n[i].mode))
+			dirmask |= (1 << i);
+	}
+
+	unresolved_directory(info, n, dirmask && (dirmask != mask));
+
+	if (dirmask == mask)
 		return;
 
-	/*
-	 * Do them in reverse order so that the resulting link
-	 * list has the stages in order - link_entry adds new
-	 * links at the front.
-	 */
-	entry = link_entry(3, info, n + 2, entry);
-	entry = link_entry(2, info, n + 1, entry);
-	entry = link_entry(1, info, n + 0, entry);
+	if (n[2].mode && !S_ISDIR(n[2].mode))
+		entry = link_entry(3, info, n + 2, entry);
+	if (n[1].mode && !S_ISDIR(n[1].mode))
+		entry = link_entry(2, info, n + 1, entry);
+	if (n[0].mode && !S_ISDIR(n[0].mode))
+		entry = link_entry(1, info, n + 0, entry);
 
 	add_merge_entry(entry);
 }
@@ -290,40 +306,50 @@
 static int threeway_callback(int n, unsigned long mask, unsigned long dirmask, struct name_entry *entry, struct traverse_info *info)
 {
 	/* Same in both? */
-	if (same_entry(entry+1, entry+2)) {
-		if (entry[0].sha1) {
-			resolve(info, NULL, entry+1);
-			return mask;
-		}
+	if (same_entry(entry+1, entry+2) || both_empty(entry+1, entry+2)) {
+		/* Modified, added or removed identically */
+		resolve(info, NULL, entry+1);
+		return mask;
 	}
 
 	if (same_entry(entry+0, entry+1)) {
 		if (entry[2].sha1 && !S_ISDIR(entry[2].mode)) {
+			/* We did not touch, they modified -- take theirs */
 			resolve(info, entry+1, entry+2);
 			return mask;
 		}
+		/*
+		 * If we did not touch a directory but they made it
+		 * into a file, we fall through and unresolved()
+		 * recurses down.  Likewise for the opposite case.
+		 */
 	}
 
-	if (same_entry(entry+0, entry+2)) {
-		if (entry[1].sha1 && !S_ISDIR(entry[1].mode)) {
-			resolve(info, NULL, entry+1);
-			return mask;
-		}
+	if (same_entry(entry+0, entry+2) || both_empty(entry+0, entry+2)) {
+		/* We added, modified or removed, they did not touch -- take ours */
+		resolve(info, NULL, entry+1);
+		return mask;
 	}
 
 	unresolved(info, entry);
 	return mask;
 }
 
-static void merge_trees(struct tree_desc t[3], const char *base)
+static void merge_trees_recursive(struct tree_desc t[3], const char *base, int df_conflict)
 {
 	struct traverse_info info;
 
 	setup_traverse_info(&info, base);
+	info.data = &df_conflict;
 	info.fn = threeway_callback;
 	traverse_trees(3, t, &info);
 }
 
+static void merge_trees(struct tree_desc t[3], const char *base)
+{
+	merge_trees_recursive(t, base, 0);
+}
+
 static void *get_tree_descriptor(struct tree_desc *desc, const char *rev)
 {
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
diff --git a/builtin/merge.c b/builtin/merge.c
index dd50a0c..2ebe732 100644
--- a/builtin/merge.c
+++ b/builtin/merge.c
@@ -40,16 +40,16 @@
 };
 
 static const char * const builtin_merge_usage[] = {
-	"git merge [options] [<commit>...]",
-	"git merge [options] <msg> HEAD <commit>",
-	"git merge --abort",
+	N_("git merge [options] [<commit>...]"),
+	N_("git merge [options] <msg> HEAD <commit>"),
+	N_("git merge --abort"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static int show_diffstat = 1, shortlog_len = -1, squash;
 static int option_commit = 1, allow_fast_forward = 1;
 static int fast_forward_only, option_edit = -1;
-static int allow_trivial = 1, have_message;
+static int allow_trivial = 1, have_message, verify_signatures;
 static int overwrite_ignore = 1;
 static struct strbuf merge_msg = STRBUF_INIT;
 static struct strategy **use_strategies;
@@ -180,39 +180,41 @@
 
 static struct option builtin_merge_options[] = {
 	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'n', NULL, NULL, NULL,
-		"do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge",
+		N_("do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge"),
 		PARSE_OPT_NOARG, option_parse_n },
 	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "stat", &show_diffstat,
-		"show a diffstat at the end of the merge"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "summary", &show_diffstat, "(synonym to --stat)"),
-	{ OPTION_INTEGER, 0, "log", &shortlog_len, "n",
-	  "add (at most <n>) entries from shortlog to merge commit message",
+		N_("show a diffstat at the end of the merge")),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "summary", &show_diffstat, N_("(synonym to --stat)")),
+	{ OPTION_INTEGER, 0, "log", &shortlog_len, N_("n"),
+	  N_("add (at most <n>) entries from shortlog to merge commit message"),
 	  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, DEFAULT_MERGE_LOG_LEN },
 	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "squash", &squash,
-		"create a single commit instead of doing a merge"),
+		N_("create a single commit instead of doing a merge")),
 	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "commit", &option_commit,
-		"perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)"),
+		N_("perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)")),
 	OPT_BOOL('e', "edit", &option_edit,
-		"edit message before committing"),
+		N_("edit message before committing")),
 	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "ff", &allow_fast_forward,
-		"allow fast-forward (default)"),
+		N_("allow fast-forward (default)")),
 	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "ff-only", &fast_forward_only,
-		"abort if fast-forward is not possible"),
+		N_("abort if fast-forward is not possible")),
 	OPT_RERERE_AUTOUPDATE(&allow_rerere_auto),
-	OPT_CALLBACK('s', "strategy", &use_strategies, "strategy",
-		"merge strategy to use", option_parse_strategy),
-	OPT_CALLBACK('X', "strategy-option", &xopts, "option=value",
-		"option for selected merge strategy", option_parse_x),
-	OPT_CALLBACK('m', "message", &merge_msg, "message",
-		"merge commit message (for a non-fast-forward merge)",
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "verify-signatures", &verify_signatures,
+		N_("Verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature")),
+	OPT_CALLBACK('s', "strategy", &use_strategies, N_("strategy"),
+		N_("merge strategy to use"), option_parse_strategy),
+	OPT_CALLBACK('X', "strategy-option", &xopts, N_("option=value"),
+		N_("option for selected merge strategy"), option_parse_x),
+	OPT_CALLBACK('m', "message", &merge_msg, N_("message"),
+		N_("merge commit message (for a non-fast-forward merge)"),
 		option_parse_message),
 	OPT__VERBOSITY(&verbosity),
 	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "abort", &abort_current_merge,
-		"abort the current in-progress merge"),
-	OPT_SET_INT(0, "progress", &show_progress, "force progress reporting", 1),
-	{ OPTION_STRING, 'S', "gpg-sign", &sign_commit, "key id",
-	  "GPG sign commit", PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t) "" },
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "overwrite-ignore", &overwrite_ignore, "update ignored files (default)"),
+		N_("abort the current in-progress merge")),
+	OPT_SET_INT(0, "progress", &show_progress, N_("force progress reporting"), 1),
+	{ OPTION_STRING, 'S', "gpg-sign", &sign_commit, N_("key id"),
+	  N_("GPG sign commit"), PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t) "" },
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "overwrite-ignore", &overwrite_ignore, N_("update ignored files (default)")),
 	OPT_END()
 };
 
@@ -404,8 +406,7 @@
 		opts.output_format |=
 			DIFF_FORMAT_SUMMARY | DIFF_FORMAT_DIFFSTAT;
 		opts.detect_rename = DIFF_DETECT_RENAME;
-		if (diff_setup_done(&opts) < 0)
-			die(_("diff_setup_done failed"));
+		diff_setup_done(&opts);
 		diff_tree_sha1(head, new_head, "", &opts);
 		diffcore_std(&opts);
 		diff_flush(&opts);
@@ -517,6 +518,19 @@
 		strbuf_release(&line);
 		goto cleanup;
 	}
+
+	if (remote_head->util) {
+		struct merge_remote_desc *desc;
+		desc = merge_remote_util(remote_head);
+		if (desc && desc->obj && desc->obj->type == OBJ_TAG) {
+			strbuf_addf(msg, "%s\t\t%s '%s'\n",
+				    sha1_to_hex(desc->obj->sha1),
+				    typename(desc->obj->type),
+				    remote);
+			goto cleanup;
+		}
+	}
+
 	strbuf_addf(msg, "%s\t\tcommit '%s'\n",
 		sha1_to_hex(remote_head->object.sha1), remote);
 cleanup:
@@ -629,59 +643,6 @@
 		die(_("git write-tree failed to write a tree"));
 }
 
-static const char *merge_argument(struct commit *commit)
-{
-	if (commit)
-		return sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1);
-	else
-		return EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_HEX;
-}
-
-int try_merge_command(const char *strategy, size_t xopts_nr,
-		      const char **xopts, struct commit_list *common,
-		      const char *head_arg, struct commit_list *remotes)
-{
-	const char **args;
-	int i = 0, x = 0, ret;
-	struct commit_list *j;
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-
-	args = xmalloc((4 + xopts_nr + commit_list_count(common) +
-			commit_list_count(remotes)) * sizeof(char *));
-	strbuf_addf(&buf, "merge-%s", strategy);
-	args[i++] = buf.buf;
-	for (x = 0; x < xopts_nr; x++) {
-		char *s = xmalloc(strlen(xopts[x])+2+1);
-		strcpy(s, "--");
-		strcpy(s+2, xopts[x]);
-		args[i++] = s;
-	}
-	for (j = common; j; j = j->next)
-		args[i++] = xstrdup(merge_argument(j->item));
-	args[i++] = "--";
-	args[i++] = head_arg;
-	for (j = remotes; j; j = j->next)
-		args[i++] = xstrdup(merge_argument(j->item));
-	args[i] = NULL;
-	ret = run_command_v_opt(args, RUN_GIT_CMD);
-	strbuf_release(&buf);
-	i = 1;
-	for (x = 0; x < xopts_nr; x++)
-		free((void *)args[i++]);
-	for (j = common; j; j = j->next)
-		free((void *)args[i++]);
-	i += 2;
-	for (j = remotes; j; j = j->next)
-		free((void *)args[i++]);
-	free(args);
-	discard_cache();
-	if (read_cache() < 0)
-		die(_("failed to read the cache"));
-	resolve_undo_clear();
-
-	return ret;
-}
-
 static int try_merge_strategy(const char *strategy, struct commit_list *common,
 			      struct commit_list *remoteheads,
 			      struct commit *head, const char *head_arg)
@@ -763,56 +724,6 @@
 	return ret;
 }
 
-int checkout_fast_forward(const unsigned char *head, const unsigned char *remote)
-{
-	struct tree *trees[MAX_UNPACK_TREES];
-	struct unpack_trees_options opts;
-	struct tree_desc t[MAX_UNPACK_TREES];
-	int i, fd, nr_trees = 0;
-	struct dir_struct dir;
-	struct lock_file *lock_file = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
-
-	refresh_cache(REFRESH_QUIET);
-
-	fd = hold_locked_index(lock_file, 1);
-
-	memset(&trees, 0, sizeof(trees));
-	memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
-	memset(&t, 0, sizeof(t));
-	if (overwrite_ignore) {
-		memset(&dir, 0, sizeof(dir));
-		dir.flags |= DIR_SHOW_IGNORED;
-		setup_standard_excludes(&dir);
-		opts.dir = &dir;
-	}
-
-	opts.head_idx = 1;
-	opts.src_index = &the_index;
-	opts.dst_index = &the_index;
-	opts.update = 1;
-	opts.verbose_update = 1;
-	opts.merge = 1;
-	opts.fn = twoway_merge;
-	setup_unpack_trees_porcelain(&opts, "merge");
-
-	trees[nr_trees] = parse_tree_indirect(head);
-	if (!trees[nr_trees++])
-		return -1;
-	trees[nr_trees] = parse_tree_indirect(remote);
-	if (!trees[nr_trees++])
-		return -1;
-	for (i = 0; i < nr_trees; i++) {
-		parse_tree(trees[i]);
-		init_tree_desc(t+i, trees[i]->buffer, trees[i]->size);
-	}
-	if (unpack_trees(nr_trees, t, &opts))
-		return -1;
-	if (write_cache(fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-		commit_locked_index(lock_file))
-		die(_("unable to write new index file"));
-	return 0;
-}
-
 static void split_merge_strategies(const char *string, struct strategy **list,
 				   int *nr, int *alloc)
 {
@@ -892,20 +803,20 @@
 N_("Please enter a commit message to explain why this merge is necessary,\n"
    "especially if it merges an updated upstream into a topic branch.\n"
    "\n"
-   "Lines starting with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
+   "Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
    "the commit.\n");
 
 static void prepare_to_commit(struct commit_list *remoteheads)
 {
 	struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
-	const char *comment = _(merge_editor_comment);
 	strbuf_addbuf(&msg, &merge_msg);
 	strbuf_addch(&msg, '\n');
 	if (0 < option_edit)
-		strbuf_add_lines(&msg, "# ", comment, strlen(comment));
+		strbuf_commented_addf(&msg, _(merge_editor_comment), comment_line_char);
 	write_merge_msg(&msg);
-	run_hook(get_index_file(), "prepare-commit-msg",
-		 git_path("MERGE_MSG"), "merge", NULL, NULL);
+	if (run_hook(get_index_file(), "prepare-commit-msg",
+		     git_path("MERGE_MSG"), "merge", NULL, NULL))
+		abort_commit(remoteheads, NULL);
 	if (0 < option_edit) {
 		if (launch_editor(git_path("MERGE_MSG"), NULL, NULL))
 			abort_commit(remoteheads, NULL);
@@ -1143,7 +1054,8 @@
 	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
 		struct commit *commit = get_merge_parent(argv[i]);
 		if (!commit)
-			die(_("%s - not something we can merge"), argv[i]);
+			help_unknown_ref(argv[i], "merge",
+					 "not something we can merge");
 		remotes = &commit_list_insert(commit, remotes)->next;
 	}
 	*remotes = NULL;
@@ -1325,6 +1237,7 @@
 			memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
 			opts.add_title = !have_message;
 			opts.shortlog_len = shortlog_len;
+			opts.credit_people = (0 < option_edit);
 
 			fmt_merge_msg(&merge_names, &merge_msg, &opts);
 			if (merge_msg.len)
@@ -1336,6 +1249,39 @@
 		usage_with_options(builtin_merge_usage,
 			builtin_merge_options);
 
+	if (verify_signatures) {
+		for (p = remoteheads; p; p = p->next) {
+			struct commit *commit = p->item;
+			char hex[41];
+			struct signature_check signature_check;
+			memset(&signature_check, 0, sizeof(signature_check));
+
+			check_commit_signature(commit, &signature_check);
+
+			strcpy(hex, find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+			switch (signature_check.result) {
+			case 'G':
+				break;
+			case 'U':
+				die(_("Commit %s has an untrusted GPG signature, "
+				      "allegedly by %s."), hex, signature_check.signer);
+			case 'B':
+				die(_("Commit %s has a bad GPG signature "
+				      "allegedly by %s."), hex, signature_check.signer);
+			default: /* 'N' */
+				die(_("Commit %s does not have a GPG signature."), hex);
+			}
+			if (verbosity >= 0 && signature_check.result == 'G')
+				printf(_("Commit %s has a good GPG signature by %s\n"),
+				       hex, signature_check.signer);
+
+			free(signature_check.gpg_output);
+			free(signature_check.gpg_status);
+			free(signature_check.signer);
+			free(signature_check.key);
+		}
+	}
+
 	strbuf_addstr(&buf, "merge");
 	for (p = remoteheads; p; p = p->next)
 		strbuf_addf(&buf, " %s", merge_remote_util(p->item)->name);
@@ -1425,7 +1371,8 @@
 		}
 
 		if (checkout_fast_forward(head_commit->object.sha1,
-					  commit->object.sha1)) {
+					  commit->object.sha1,
+					  overwrite_ignore)) {
 			ret = 1;
 			goto done;
 		}
diff --git a/builtin/mktree.c b/builtin/mktree.c
index 4ae1c41..f92ba40 100644
--- a/builtin/mktree.c
+++ b/builtin/mktree.c
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
 }
 
 static const char *mktree_usage[] = {
-	"git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]",
+	N_("git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -150,9 +150,9 @@
 	int got_eof = 0;
 
 	const struct option option[] = {
-		OPT_SET_INT('z', NULL, &line_termination, "input is NUL terminated", '\0'),
-		OPT_SET_INT( 0 , "missing", &allow_missing, "allow missing objects", 1),
-		OPT_SET_INT( 0 , "batch", &is_batch_mode, "allow creation of more than one tree", 1),
+		OPT_SET_INT('z', NULL, &line_termination, N_("input is NUL terminated"), '\0'),
+		OPT_SET_INT( 0 , "missing", &allow_missing, N_("allow missing objects"), 1),
+		OPT_SET_INT( 0 , "batch", &is_batch_mode, N_("allow creation of more than one tree"), 1),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
diff --git a/builtin/mv.c b/builtin/mv.c
index 2a144b0..034fec9 100644
--- a/builtin/mv.c
+++ b/builtin/mv.c
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 
 static const char * const builtin_mv_usage[] = {
-	"git mv [options] <source>... <destination>",
+	N_("git mv [options] <source>... <destination>"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -59,10 +59,10 @@
 	int i, newfd;
 	int verbose = 0, show_only = 0, force = 0, ignore_errors = 0;
 	struct option builtin_mv_options[] = {
-		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, "be verbose"),
-		OPT__DRY_RUN(&show_only, "dry run"),
-		OPT__FORCE(&force, "force move/rename even if target exists"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('k', NULL, &ignore_errors, "skip move/rename errors"),
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("be verbose")),
+		OPT__DRY_RUN(&show_only, N_("dry run")),
+		OPT__FORCE(&force, N_("force move/rename even if target exists")),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('k', NULL, &ignore_errors, N_("skip move/rename errors")),
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 	const char **source, **destination, **dest_path;
diff --git a/builtin/name-rev.c b/builtin/name-rev.c
index 1b37458..6238247 100644
--- a/builtin/name-rev.c
+++ b/builtin/name-rev.c
@@ -172,9 +172,9 @@
 }
 
 static char const * const name_rev_usage[] = {
-	"git name-rev [options] <commit>...",
-	"git name-rev [options] --all",
-	"git name-rev [options] --stdin",
+	N_("git name-rev [options] <commit>..."),
+	N_("git name-rev [options] --all"),
+	N_("git name-rev [options] --stdin"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -226,16 +226,16 @@
 	int all = 0, transform_stdin = 0, allow_undefined = 1, always = 0;
 	struct name_ref_data data = { 0, 0, NULL };
 	struct option opts[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "name-only", &data.name_only, "print only names (no SHA-1)"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "tags", &data.tags_only, "only use tags to name the commits"),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "refs", &data.ref_filter, "pattern",
-				   "only use refs matching <pattern>"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "name-only", &data.name_only, N_("print only names (no SHA-1)")),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "tags", &data.tags_only, N_("only use tags to name the commits")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "refs", &data.ref_filter, N_("pattern"),
+				   N_("only use refs matching <pattern>")),
 		OPT_GROUP(""),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "all", &all, "list all commits reachable from all refs"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "stdin", &transform_stdin, "read from stdin"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "undefined", &allow_undefined, "allow to print `undefined` names"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "all", &all, N_("list all commits reachable from all refs")),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "stdin", &transform_stdin, N_("read from stdin")),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "undefined", &allow_undefined, N_("allow to print `undefined` names")),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "always",     &always,
-			   "show abbreviated commit object as fallback"),
+			   N_("show abbreviated commit object as fallback")),
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 
diff --git a/builtin/notes.c b/builtin/notes.c
index 3644d14..57748a6 100644
--- a/builtin/notes.c
+++ b/builtin/notes.c
@@ -19,80 +19,80 @@
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "notes-merge.h"
 
+static void commit_notes(struct notes_tree *t, const char *msg);
+static combine_notes_fn parse_combine_notes_fn(const char *v);
+
 static const char * const git_notes_usage[] = {
-	"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] [list [<object>]]",
-	"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] add [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file> | (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]",
-	"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] copy [-f] <from-object> <to-object>",
-	"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] append [-m <msg> | -F <file> | (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]",
-	"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] edit [<object>]",
-	"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] show [<object>]",
-	"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy> ] <notes_ref>",
-	"git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]",
-	"git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]",
-	"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] remove [<object>...]",
-	"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] prune [-n | -v]",
-	"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] get-ref",
+	N_("git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] [list [<object>]]"),
+	N_("git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] add [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file> | (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]"),
+	N_("git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] copy [-f] <from-object> <to-object>"),
+	N_("git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] append [-m <msg> | -F <file> | (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]"),
+	N_("git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] edit [<object>]"),
+	N_("git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] show [<object>]"),
+	N_("git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy> ] <notes_ref>"),
+	N_("git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"),
+	N_("git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"),
+	N_("git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] remove [<object>...]"),
+	N_("git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] prune [-n | -v]"),
+	N_("git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] get-ref"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const git_notes_list_usage[] = {
-	"git notes [list [<object>]]",
+	N_("git notes [list [<object>]]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const git_notes_add_usage[] = {
-	"git notes add [<options>] [<object>]",
+	N_("git notes add [<options>] [<object>]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const git_notes_copy_usage[] = {
-	"git notes copy [<options>] <from-object> <to-object>",
-	"git notes copy --stdin [<from-object> <to-object>]...",
+	N_("git notes copy [<options>] <from-object> <to-object>"),
+	N_("git notes copy --stdin [<from-object> <to-object>]..."),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const git_notes_append_usage[] = {
-	"git notes append [<options>] [<object>]",
+	N_("git notes append [<options>] [<object>]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const git_notes_edit_usage[] = {
-	"git notes edit [<object>]",
+	N_("git notes edit [<object>]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const git_notes_show_usage[] = {
-	"git notes show [<object>]",
+	N_("git notes show [<object>]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const git_notes_merge_usage[] = {
-	"git notes merge [<options>] <notes_ref>",
-	"git notes merge --commit [<options>]",
-	"git notes merge --abort [<options>]",
+	N_("git notes merge [<options>] <notes_ref>"),
+	N_("git notes merge --commit [<options>]"),
+	N_("git notes merge --abort [<options>]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const git_notes_remove_usage[] = {
-	"git notes remove [<object>]",
+	N_("git notes remove [<object>]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const git_notes_prune_usage[] = {
-	"git notes prune [<options>]",
+	N_("git notes prune [<options>]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const git_notes_get_ref_usage[] = {
-	"git notes get-ref",
+	N_("git notes get-ref"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char note_template[] =
-	"\n"
-	"#\n"
-	"# Write/edit the notes for the following object:\n"
-	"#\n";
+	"\nWrite/edit the notes for the following object:\n";
 
 struct msg_arg {
 	int given;
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@
 		{"show", "--stat", "--no-notes", sha1_to_hex(object), NULL};
 	struct child_process show;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	FILE *show_out;
+	struct strbuf cbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	/* Invoke "git show --stat --no-notes $object" */
 	memset(&show, 0, sizeof(show));
@@ -139,21 +139,14 @@
 		die(_("unable to start 'show' for object '%s'"),
 		    sha1_to_hex(object));
 
-	/* Open the output as FILE* so strbuf_getline() can be used. */
-	show_out = xfdopen(show.out, "r");
-	if (show_out == NULL)
-		die_errno(_("can't fdopen 'show' output fd"));
+	if (strbuf_read(&buf, show.out, 0) < 0)
+		die_errno(_("could not read 'show' output"));
+	strbuf_add_commented_lines(&cbuf, buf.buf, buf.len);
+	write_or_die(fd, cbuf.buf, cbuf.len);
 
-	/* Prepend "# " to each output line and write result to 'fd' */
-	while (strbuf_getline(&buf, show_out, '\n') != EOF) {
-		write_or_die(fd, "# ", 2);
-		write_or_die(fd, buf.buf, buf.len);
-		write_or_die(fd, "\n", 1);
-	}
+	strbuf_release(&cbuf);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
-	if (fclose(show_out))
-		die_errno(_("failed to close pipe to 'show' for object '%s'"),
-			  sha1_to_hex(object));
+
 	if (finish_command(&show))
 		die(_("failed to finish 'show' for object '%s'"),
 		    sha1_to_hex(object));
@@ -167,6 +160,7 @@
 
 	if (msg->use_editor || !msg->given) {
 		int fd;
+		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 		/* write the template message before editing: */
 		path = git_pathdup("NOTES_EDITMSG");
@@ -178,11 +172,16 @@
 			write_or_die(fd, msg->buf.buf, msg->buf.len);
 		else if (prev && !append_only)
 			write_note_data(fd, prev);
-		write_or_die(fd, note_template, strlen(note_template));
+
+		strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
+		strbuf_add_commented_lines(&buf, note_template, strlen(note_template));
+		strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
+		write_or_die(fd, buf.buf, buf.len);
 
 		write_commented_object(fd, object);
 
 		close(fd);
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
 		strbuf_reset(&(msg->buf));
 
 		if (launch_editor(path, &(msg->buf), NULL)) {
@@ -288,7 +287,7 @@
 	return parse_reuse_arg(opt, arg, unset);
 }
 
-void commit_notes(struct notes_tree *t, const char *msg)
+static void commit_notes(struct notes_tree *t, const char *msg)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	unsigned char commit_sha1[20];
@@ -312,7 +311,7 @@
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 }
 
-combine_notes_fn parse_combine_notes_fn(const char *v)
+static combine_notes_fn parse_combine_notes_fn(const char *v)
 {
 	if (!strcasecmp(v, "overwrite"))
 		return combine_notes_overwrite;
@@ -531,19 +530,19 @@
 	const unsigned char *note;
 	struct msg_arg msg = { 0, 0, STRBUF_INIT };
 	struct option options[] = {
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'm', "message", &msg, "msg",
-			"note contents as a string", PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'm', "message", &msg, N_("message"),
+			N_("note contents as a string"), PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
 			parse_msg_arg},
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'F', "file", &msg, "file",
-			"note contents in a file", PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'F', "file", &msg, N_("file"),
+			N_("note contents in a file"), PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
 			parse_file_arg},
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'c', "reedit-message", &msg, "object",
-			"reuse and edit specified note object", PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'c', "reedit-message", &msg, N_("object"),
+			N_("reuse and edit specified note object"), PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
 			parse_reedit_arg},
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'C', "reuse-message", &msg, "object",
-			"reuse specified note object", PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'C', "reuse-message", &msg, N_("object"),
+			N_("reuse specified note object"), PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
 			parse_reuse_arg},
-		OPT__FORCE(&force, "replace existing notes"),
+		OPT__FORCE(&force, N_("replace existing notes")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -611,11 +610,11 @@
 	struct notes_tree *t;
 	const char *rewrite_cmd = NULL;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT__FORCE(&force, "replace existing notes"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "stdin", &from_stdin, "read objects from stdin"),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "for-rewrite", &rewrite_cmd, "command",
-			   "load rewriting config for <command> (implies "
-			   "--stdin)"),
+		OPT__FORCE(&force, N_("replace existing notes")),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "stdin", &from_stdin, N_("read objects from stdin")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "for-rewrite", &rewrite_cmd, N_("command"),
+			   N_("load rewriting config for <command> (implies "
+			      "--stdin)")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -688,17 +687,17 @@
 	const char * const *usage;
 	struct msg_arg msg = { 0, 0, STRBUF_INIT };
 	struct option options[] = {
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'm', "message", &msg, "msg",
-			"note contents as a string", PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'm', "message", &msg, N_("message"),
+			N_("note contents as a string"), PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
 			parse_msg_arg},
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'F', "file", &msg, "file",
-			"note contents in a file", PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'F', "file", &msg, N_("file"),
+			N_("note contents in a file"), PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
 			parse_file_arg},
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'c', "reedit-message", &msg, "object",
-			"reuse and edit specified note object", PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'c', "reedit-message", &msg, N_("object"),
+			N_("reuse and edit specified note object"), PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
 			parse_reedit_arg},
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'C', "reuse-message", &msg, "object",
-			"reuse specified note object", PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'C', "reuse-message", &msg, N_("object"),
+			N_("reuse specified note object"), PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
 			parse_reuse_arg},
 		OPT_END()
 	};
@@ -861,19 +860,19 @@
 	int verbosity = 0, result;
 	const char *strategy = NULL;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_GROUP("General options"),
+		OPT_GROUP(N_("General options")),
 		OPT__VERBOSITY(&verbosity),
-		OPT_GROUP("Merge options"),
-		OPT_STRING('s', "strategy", &strategy, "strategy",
-			   "resolve notes conflicts using the given strategy "
-			   "(manual/ours/theirs/union/cat_sort_uniq)"),
-		OPT_GROUP("Committing unmerged notes"),
+		OPT_GROUP(N_("Merge options")),
+		OPT_STRING('s', "strategy", &strategy, N_("strategy"),
+			   N_("resolve notes conflicts using the given strategy "
+			      "(manual/ours/theirs/union/cat_sort_uniq)")),
+		OPT_GROUP(N_("Committing unmerged notes")),
 		{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 0, "commit", &do_commit, NULL,
-			"finalize notes merge by committing unmerged notes",
+			N_("finalize notes merge by committing unmerged notes"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG },
-		OPT_GROUP("Aborting notes merge resolution"),
+		OPT_GROUP(N_("Aborting notes merge resolution")),
 		{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 0, "abort", &do_abort, NULL,
-			"abort notes merge",
+			N_("abort notes merge"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG },
 		OPT_END()
 	};
@@ -980,10 +979,10 @@
 	int from_stdin = 0;
 	struct option options[] = {
 		OPT_BIT(0, "ignore-missing", &flag,
-			"attempt to remove non-existent note is not an error",
+			N_("attempt to remove non-existent note is not an error"),
 			IGNORE_MISSING),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "stdin", &from_stdin,
-			    "read object names from the standard input"),
+			    N_("read object names from the standard input")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 	struct notes_tree *t;
@@ -1064,8 +1063,8 @@
 	int result;
 	const char *override_notes_ref = NULL;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_STRING(0, "ref", &override_notes_ref, "notes_ref",
-			   "use notes from <notes_ref>"),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "ref", &override_notes_ref, N_("notes_ref"),
+			   N_("use notes from <notes_ref>")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
diff --git a/builtin/pack-objects.c b/builtin/pack-objects.c
index ccfcbad..f069462 100644
--- a/builtin/pack-objects.c
+++ b/builtin/pack-objects.c
@@ -16,11 +16,12 @@
 #include "list-objects.h"
 #include "progress.h"
 #include "refs.h"
+#include "streaming.h"
 #include "thread-utils.h"
 
 static const char *pack_usage[] = {
-	"git pack-objects --stdout [options...] [< ref-list | < object-list]",
-	"git pack-objects [options...] base-name [< ref-list | < object-list]",
+	N_("git pack-objects --stdout [options...] [< ref-list | < object-list]"),
+	N_("git pack-objects [options...] base-name [< ref-list | < object-list]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -150,6 +151,46 @@
 	return stream.total_out;
 }
 
+static unsigned long write_large_blob_data(struct git_istream *st, struct sha1file *f,
+					   const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	git_zstream stream;
+	unsigned char ibuf[1024 * 16];
+	unsigned char obuf[1024 * 16];
+	unsigned long olen = 0;
+
+	memset(&stream, 0, sizeof(stream));
+	git_deflate_init(&stream, pack_compression_level);
+
+	for (;;) {
+		ssize_t readlen;
+		int zret = Z_OK;
+		readlen = read_istream(st, ibuf, sizeof(ibuf));
+		if (readlen == -1)
+			die(_("unable to read %s"), sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+
+		stream.next_in = ibuf;
+		stream.avail_in = readlen;
+		while ((stream.avail_in || readlen == 0) &&
+		       (zret == Z_OK || zret == Z_BUF_ERROR)) {
+			stream.next_out = obuf;
+			stream.avail_out = sizeof(obuf);
+			zret = git_deflate(&stream, readlen ? 0 : Z_FINISH);
+			sha1write(f, obuf, stream.next_out - obuf);
+			olen += stream.next_out - obuf;
+		}
+		if (stream.avail_in)
+			die(_("deflate error (%d)"), zret);
+		if (readlen == 0) {
+			if (zret != Z_STREAM_END)
+				die(_("deflate error (%d)"), zret);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	git_deflate_end(&stream);
+	return olen;
+}
+
 /*
  * we are going to reuse the existing object data as is.  make
  * sure it is not corrupt.
@@ -208,11 +249,18 @@
 	unsigned hdrlen;
 	enum object_type type;
 	void *buf;
+	struct git_istream *st = NULL;
 
 	if (!usable_delta) {
-		buf = read_sha1_file(entry->idx.sha1, &type, &size);
-		if (!buf)
-			die("unable to read %s", sha1_to_hex(entry->idx.sha1));
+		if (entry->type == OBJ_BLOB &&
+		    entry->size > big_file_threshold &&
+		    (st = open_istream(entry->idx.sha1, &type, &size, NULL)) != NULL)
+			buf = NULL;
+		else {
+			buf = read_sha1_file(entry->idx.sha1, &type, &size);
+			if (!buf)
+				die(_("unable to read %s"), sha1_to_hex(entry->idx.sha1));
+		}
 		/*
 		 * make sure no cached delta data remains from a
 		 * previous attempt before a pack split occurred.
@@ -233,7 +281,9 @@
 			OBJ_OFS_DELTA : OBJ_REF_DELTA;
 	}
 
-	if (entry->z_delta_size)
+	if (st)	/* large blob case, just assume we don't compress well */
+		datalen = size;
+	else if (entry->z_delta_size)
 		datalen = entry->z_delta_size;
 	else
 		datalen = do_compress(&buf, size);
@@ -256,6 +306,8 @@
 		while (ofs >>= 7)
 			dheader[--pos] = 128 | (--ofs & 127);
 		if (limit && hdrlen + sizeof(dheader) - pos + datalen + 20 >= limit) {
+			if (st)
+				close_istream(st);
 			free(buf);
 			return 0;
 		}
@@ -268,6 +320,8 @@
 		 * an additional 20 bytes for the base sha1.
 		 */
 		if (limit && hdrlen + 20 + datalen + 20 >= limit) {
+			if (st)
+				close_istream(st);
 			free(buf);
 			return 0;
 		}
@@ -276,13 +330,20 @@
 		hdrlen += 20;
 	} else {
 		if (limit && hdrlen + datalen + 20 >= limit) {
+			if (st)
+				close_istream(st);
 			free(buf);
 			return 0;
 		}
 		sha1write(f, header, hdrlen);
 	}
-	sha1write(f, buf, datalen);
-	free(buf);
+	if (st) {
+		datalen = write_large_blob_data(st, f, entry->idx.sha1);
+		close_istream(st);
+	} else {
+		sha1write(f, buf, datalen);
+		free(buf);
+	}
 
 	return hdrlen + datalen;
 }
@@ -1972,7 +2033,6 @@
 
 	if (!prefixcmp(path, "refs/tags/") && /* is a tag? */
 	    !peel_ref(path, peeled)        && /* peelable? */
-	    !is_null_sha1(peeled)          && /* annotated tag? */
 	    locate_object_entry(peeled))      /* object packed? */
 		add_object_entry(sha1, OBJ_TAG, NULL, 0);
 	return 0;
@@ -2312,7 +2372,7 @@
 			}
 			die("not a rev '%s'", line);
 		}
-		if (handle_revision_arg(line, &revs, flags, 1))
+		if (handle_revision_arg(line, &revs, flags, REVARG_CANNOT_BE_FILENAME))
 			die("bad revision '%s'", line);
 	}
 
@@ -2384,67 +2444,67 @@
 	int rev_list_unpacked = 0, rev_list_all = 0, rev_list_reflog = 0;
 	struct option pack_objects_options[] = {
 		OPT_SET_INT('q', "quiet", &progress,
-			    "do not show progress meter", 0),
+			    N_("do not show progress meter"), 0),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "progress", &progress,
-			    "show progress meter", 1),
+			    N_("show progress meter"), 1),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "all-progress", &progress,
-			    "show progress meter during object writing phase", 2),
+			    N_("show progress meter during object writing phase"), 2),
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "all-progress-implied",
 			 &all_progress_implied,
-			 "similar to --all-progress when progress meter is shown"),
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "index-version", NULL, "version[,offset]",
-		  "write the pack index file in the specified idx format version",
+			 N_("similar to --all-progress when progress meter is shown")),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "index-version", NULL, N_("version[,offset]"),
+		  N_("write the pack index file in the specified idx format version"),
 		  0, option_parse_index_version },
 		OPT_ULONG(0, "max-pack-size", &pack_size_limit,
-			  "maximum size of each output pack file"),
+			  N_("maximum size of each output pack file")),
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "local", &local,
-			 "ignore borrowed objects from alternate object store"),
+			 N_("ignore borrowed objects from alternate object store")),
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "incremental", &incremental,
-			 "ignore packed objects"),
+			 N_("ignore packed objects")),
 		OPT_INTEGER(0, "window", &window,
-			    "limit pack window by objects"),
+			    N_("limit pack window by objects")),
 		OPT_ULONG(0, "window-memory", &window_memory_limit,
-			  "limit pack window by memory in addition to object limit"),
+			  N_("limit pack window by memory in addition to object limit")),
 		OPT_INTEGER(0, "depth", &depth,
-			    "maximum length of delta chain allowed in the resulting pack"),
+			    N_("maximum length of delta chain allowed in the resulting pack")),
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "reuse-delta", &reuse_delta,
-			 "reuse existing deltas"),
+			 N_("reuse existing deltas")),
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "reuse-object", &reuse_object,
-			 "reuse existing objects"),
+			 N_("reuse existing objects")),
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "delta-base-offset", &allow_ofs_delta,
-			 "use OFS_DELTA objects"),
+			 N_("use OFS_DELTA objects")),
 		OPT_INTEGER(0, "threads", &delta_search_threads,
-			    "use threads when searching for best delta matches"),
+			    N_("use threads when searching for best delta matches")),
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "non-empty", &non_empty,
-			 "do not create an empty pack output"),
+			 N_("do not create an empty pack output")),
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "revs", &use_internal_rev_list,
-			 "read revision arguments from standard input"),
+			 N_("read revision arguments from standard input")),
 		{ OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "unpacked", &rev_list_unpacked, NULL,
-		  "limit the objects to those that are not yet packed",
+		  N_("limit the objects to those that are not yet packed"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL, 1 },
 		{ OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "all", &rev_list_all, NULL,
-		  "include objects reachable from any reference",
+		  N_("include objects reachable from any reference"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL, 1 },
 		{ OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "reflog", &rev_list_reflog, NULL,
-		  "include objects referred by reflog entries",
+		  N_("include objects referred by reflog entries"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL, 1 },
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "stdout", &pack_to_stdout,
-			 "output pack to stdout"),
+			 N_("output pack to stdout")),
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "include-tag", &include_tag,
-			 "include tag objects that refer to objects to be packed"),
+			 N_("include tag objects that refer to objects to be packed")),
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "keep-unreachable", &keep_unreachable,
-			 "keep unreachable objects"),
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "unpack-unreachable", NULL, "time",
-		  "unpack unreachable objects newer than <time>",
+			 N_("keep unreachable objects")),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "unpack-unreachable", NULL, N_("time"),
+		  N_("unpack unreachable objects newer than <time>"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, option_parse_unpack_unreachable },
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "thin", &thin,
-			 "create thin packs"),
+			 N_("create thin packs")),
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "honor-pack-keep", &ignore_packed_keep,
-			 "ignore packs that have companion .keep file"),
+			 N_("ignore packs that have companion .keep file")),
 		OPT_INTEGER(0, "compression", &pack_compression_level,
-			    "pack compression level"),
+			    N_("pack compression level")),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "keep-true-parents", &grafts_replace_parents,
-			    "do not hide commits by grafts", 0),
+			    N_("do not hide commits by grafts"), 0),
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 
diff --git a/builtin/pack-redundant.c b/builtin/pack-redundant.c
index f5c6afc..649c3aa 100644
--- a/builtin/pack-redundant.c
+++ b/builtin/pack-redundant.c
@@ -301,14 +301,14 @@
  */
 static struct pll * get_permutations(struct pack_list *list, int n)
 {
-	struct pll *subset, *ret = NULL, *new_pll = NULL, *pll;
+	struct pll *subset, *ret = NULL, *new_pll = NULL;
 
 	if (list == NULL || pack_list_size(list) < n || n == 0)
 		return NULL;
 
 	if (n == 1) {
 		while (list) {
-			new_pll = xmalloc(sizeof(pll));
+			new_pll = xmalloc(sizeof(*new_pll));
 			new_pll->pl = NULL;
 			pack_list_insert(&new_pll->pl, list);
 			new_pll->next = ret;
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@
 	while (list->next) {
 		subset = get_permutations(list->next, n - 1);
 		while (subset) {
-			new_pll = xmalloc(sizeof(pll));
+			new_pll = xmalloc(sizeof(*new_pll));
 			new_pll->pl = subset->pl;
 			pack_list_insert(&new_pll->pl, list);
 			new_pll->next = ret;
diff --git a/builtin/pack-refs.c b/builtin/pack-refs.c
index 39a9d89..b5a0f88 100644
--- a/builtin/pack-refs.c
+++ b/builtin/pack-refs.c
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #include "pack-refs.h"
 
 static char const * const pack_refs_usage[] = {
-	"git pack-refs [options]",
+	N_("git pack-refs [options]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
 {
 	unsigned int flags = PACK_REFS_PRUNE;
 	struct option opts[] = {
-		OPT_BIT(0, "all",   &flags, "pack everything", PACK_REFS_ALL),
-		OPT_BIT(0, "prune", &flags, "prune loose refs (default)", PACK_REFS_PRUNE),
+		OPT_BIT(0, "all",   &flags, N_("pack everything"), PACK_REFS_ALL),
+		OPT_BIT(0, "prune", &flags, N_("prune loose refs (default)"), PACK_REFS_PRUNE),
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 	if (parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, opts, pack_refs_usage, 0))
diff --git a/builtin/prune-packed.c b/builtin/prune-packed.c
index b58a2e1..83382c1 100644
--- a/builtin/prune-packed.c
+++ b/builtin/prune-packed.c
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 
 static const char * const prune_packed_usage[] = {
-	"git prune-packed [-n|--dry-run] [-q|--quiet]",
+	N_("git prune-packed [-n|--dry-run] [-q|--quiet]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -73,8 +73,8 @@
 {
 	int opts = isatty(2) ? VERBOSE : 0;
 	const struct option prune_packed_options[] = {
-		OPT_BIT('n', "dry-run", &opts, "dry run", DRY_RUN),
-		OPT_NEGBIT('q', "quiet", &opts, "be quiet", VERBOSE),
+		OPT_BIT('n', "dry-run", &opts, N_("dry run"), DRY_RUN),
+		OPT_NEGBIT('q', "quiet", &opts, N_("be quiet"), VERBOSE),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
diff --git a/builtin/prune.c b/builtin/prune.c
index b99b635..85843d4 100644
--- a/builtin/prune.c
+++ b/builtin/prune.c
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 #include "dir.h"
 
 static const char * const prune_usage[] = {
-	"git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <time>] [--] [<head>...]",
+	N_("git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <time>] [--] [<head>...]"),
 	NULL
 };
 static int show_only;
@@ -25,7 +25,8 @@
 		return error("Could not stat '%s'", fullpath);
 	if (st.st_mtime > expire)
 		return 0;
-	printf("Removing stale temporary file %s\n", fullpath);
+	if (show_only || verbose)
+		printf("Removing stale temporary file %s\n", fullpath);
 	if (!show_only)
 		unlink_or_warn(fullpath);
 	return 0;
@@ -128,11 +129,11 @@
 	struct rev_info revs;
 	struct progress *progress = NULL;
 	const struct option options[] = {
-		OPT__DRY_RUN(&show_only, "do not remove, show only"),
-		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, "report pruned objects"),
-		OPT_BOOL(0, "progress", &show_progress, "show progress"),
+		OPT__DRY_RUN(&show_only, N_("do not remove, show only")),
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("report pruned objects")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "progress", &show_progress, N_("show progress")),
 		OPT_DATE(0, "expire", &expire,
-			 "expire objects older than <time>"),
+			 N_("expire objects older than <time>")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 	char *s;
@@ -148,9 +149,7 @@
 		const char *name = *argv++;
 
 		if (!get_sha1(name, sha1)) {
-			struct object *object = parse_object(sha1);
-			if (!object)
-				die("bad object: %s", name);
+			struct object *object = parse_object_or_die(sha1, name);
 			add_pending_object(&revs, object, "");
 		}
 		else
@@ -168,7 +167,7 @@
 
 	prune_packed_objects(show_only);
 	remove_temporary_files(get_object_directory());
-	s = xstrdup(mkpath("%s/pack", get_object_directory()));
+	s = mkpathdup("%s/pack", get_object_directory());
 	remove_temporary_files(s);
 	free(s);
 	return 0;
diff --git a/builtin/push.c b/builtin/push.c
index fdfcc6c..2d84d10 100644
--- a/builtin/push.c
+++ b/builtin/push.c
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 #include "submodule.h"
 
 static const char * const push_usage[] = {
-	"git push [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]",
+	N_("git push [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"),
 	NULL,
 };
 
@@ -113,17 +113,19 @@
 	    remote->name, branch->name, advice_maybe);
 }
 
+static const char message_detached_head_die[] =
+	N_("You are not currently on a branch.\n"
+	   "To push the history leading to the current (detached HEAD)\n"
+	   "state now, use\n"
+	   "\n"
+	   "    git push %s HEAD:<name-of-remote-branch>\n");
+
 static void setup_push_upstream(struct remote *remote, int simple)
 {
 	struct strbuf refspec = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct branch *branch = branch_get(NULL);
 	if (!branch)
-		die(_("You are not currently on a branch.\n"
-		    "To push the history leading to the current (detached HEAD)\n"
-		    "state now, use\n"
-		    "\n"
-		    "    git push %s HEAD:<name-of-remote-branch>\n"),
-		    remote->name);
+		die(_(message_detached_head_die), remote->name);
 	if (!branch->merge_nr || !branch->merge || !branch->remote_name)
 		die(_("The current branch %s has no upstream branch.\n"
 		    "To push the current branch and set the remote as upstream, use\n"
@@ -147,12 +149,39 @@
 	add_refspec(refspec.buf);
 }
 
+static char warn_unspecified_push_default_msg[] =
+N_("push.default is unset; its implicit value is changing in\n"
+   "Git 2.0 from 'matching' to 'simple'. To squelch this message\n"
+   "and maintain the current behavior after the default changes, use:\n"
+   "\n"
+   "  git config --global push.default matching\n"
+   "\n"
+   "To squelch this message and adopt the new behavior now, use:\n"
+   "\n"
+   "  git config --global push.default simple\n"
+   "\n"
+   "See 'git help config' and search for 'push.default' for further information.\n"
+   "(the 'simple' mode was introduced in Git 1.7.11. Use the similar mode\n"
+   "'current' instead of 'simple' if you sometimes use older versions of Git)");
+
+static void warn_unspecified_push_default_configuration(void)
+{
+	static int warn_once;
+
+	if (warn_once++)
+		return;
+	warning("%s\n", _(warn_unspecified_push_default_msg));
+}
+
 static void setup_default_push_refspecs(struct remote *remote)
 {
+	struct branch *branch;
+
 	switch (push_default) {
 	default:
 	case PUSH_DEFAULT_UNSPECIFIED:
 		default_matching_used = 1;
+		warn_unspecified_push_default_configuration();
 		/* fallthru */
 	case PUSH_DEFAULT_MATCHING:
 		add_refspec(":");
@@ -167,7 +196,10 @@
 		break;
 
 	case PUSH_DEFAULT_CURRENT:
-		add_refspec("HEAD");
+		branch = branch_get(NULL);
+		if (!branch)
+			die(_(message_detached_head_die), remote->name);
+		add_refspec(branch->name);
 		break;
 
 	case PUSH_DEFAULT_NOTHING:
@@ -186,8 +218,8 @@
 static const char message_advice_use_upstream[] =
 	N_("Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
 	   "counterpart. If you did not intend to push that branch, you may want to\n"
-	   "specify branches to push or set the 'push.default' configuration\n"
-	   "variable to 'current' or 'upstream' to push only the current branch.");
+	   "specify branches to push or set the 'push.default' configuration variable\n"
+	   "to 'simple', 'current' or 'upstream' to push only the current branch.");
 
 static const char message_advice_checkout_pull_push[] =
 	N_("Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
@@ -195,31 +227,67 @@
 	   "(e.g. 'git pull') before pushing again.\n"
 	   "See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details.");
 
+static const char message_advice_ref_fetch_first[] =
+	N_("Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do\n"
+	   "not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing\n"
+	   "to the same ref. You may want to first merge the remote changes (e.g.,\n"
+	   "'git pull') before pushing again.\n"
+	   "See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details.");
+
+static const char message_advice_ref_already_exists[] =
+	N_("Updates were rejected because the tag already exists in the remote.");
+
+static const char message_advice_ref_needs_force[] =
+	N_("You cannot update a remote ref that points at a non-commit object,\n"
+	   "or update a remote ref to make it point at a non-commit object,\n"
+	   "without using the '--force' option.\n");
+
 static void advise_pull_before_push(void)
 {
-	if (!advice_push_non_ff_current || !advice_push_nonfastforward)
+	if (!advice_push_non_ff_current || !advice_push_update_rejected)
 		return;
 	advise(_(message_advice_pull_before_push));
 }
 
 static void advise_use_upstream(void)
 {
-	if (!advice_push_non_ff_default || !advice_push_nonfastforward)
+	if (!advice_push_non_ff_default || !advice_push_update_rejected)
 		return;
 	advise(_(message_advice_use_upstream));
 }
 
 static void advise_checkout_pull_push(void)
 {
-	if (!advice_push_non_ff_matching || !advice_push_nonfastforward)
+	if (!advice_push_non_ff_matching || !advice_push_update_rejected)
 		return;
 	advise(_(message_advice_checkout_pull_push));
 }
 
+static void advise_ref_already_exists(void)
+{
+	if (!advice_push_already_exists || !advice_push_update_rejected)
+		return;
+	advise(_(message_advice_ref_already_exists));
+}
+
+static void advise_ref_fetch_first(void)
+{
+	if (!advice_push_fetch_first || !advice_push_update_rejected)
+		return;
+	advise(_(message_advice_ref_fetch_first));
+}
+
+static void advise_ref_needs_force(void)
+{
+	if (!advice_push_needs_force || !advice_push_update_rejected)
+		return;
+	advise(_(message_advice_ref_needs_force));
+}
+
 static int push_with_options(struct transport *transport, int flags)
 {
 	int err;
-	int nonfastforward;
+	unsigned int reject_reasons;
 
 	transport_set_verbosity(transport, verbosity, progress);
 
@@ -232,7 +300,7 @@
 	if (verbosity > 0)
 		fprintf(stderr, _("Pushing to %s\n"), transport->url);
 	err = transport_push(transport, refspec_nr, refspec, flags,
-			     &nonfastforward);
+			     &reject_reasons);
 	if (err != 0)
 		error(_("failed to push some refs to '%s'"), transport->url);
 
@@ -240,18 +308,19 @@
 	if (!err)
 		return 0;
 
-	switch (nonfastforward) {
-	default:
-		break;
-	case NON_FF_HEAD:
+	if (reject_reasons & REJECT_NON_FF_HEAD) {
 		advise_pull_before_push();
-		break;
-	case NON_FF_OTHER:
+	} else if (reject_reasons & REJECT_NON_FF_OTHER) {
 		if (default_matching_used)
 			advise_use_upstream();
 		else
 			advise_checkout_pull_push();
-		break;
+	} else if (reject_reasons & REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS) {
+		advise_ref_already_exists();
+	} else if (reject_reasons & REJECT_FETCH_FIRST) {
+		advise_ref_fetch_first();
+	} else if (reject_reasons & REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE) {
+		advise_ref_needs_force();
 	}
 
 	return 1;
@@ -260,7 +329,7 @@
 static int do_push(const char *repo, int flags)
 {
 	int i, errs;
-	struct remote *remote = remote_get(repo);
+	struct remote *remote = pushremote_get(repo);
 	const char **url;
 	int url_nr;
 
@@ -354,26 +423,29 @@
 	const char *repo = NULL;	/* default repository */
 	struct option options[] = {
 		OPT__VERBOSITY(&verbosity),
-		OPT_STRING( 0 , "repo", &repo, "repository", "repository"),
-		OPT_BIT( 0 , "all", &flags, "push all refs", TRANSPORT_PUSH_ALL),
-		OPT_BIT( 0 , "mirror", &flags, "mirror all refs",
+		OPT_STRING( 0 , "repo", &repo, N_("repository"), N_("repository")),
+		OPT_BIT( 0 , "all", &flags, N_("push all refs"), TRANSPORT_PUSH_ALL),
+		OPT_BIT( 0 , "mirror", &flags, N_("mirror all refs"),
 			    (TRANSPORT_PUSH_MIRROR|TRANSPORT_PUSH_FORCE)),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN( 0, "delete", &deleterefs, "delete refs"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "tags", &tags, "push tags (can't be used with --all or --mirror)"),
-		OPT_BIT('n' , "dry-run", &flags, "dry run", TRANSPORT_PUSH_DRY_RUN),
-		OPT_BIT( 0,  "porcelain", &flags, "machine-readable output", TRANSPORT_PUSH_PORCELAIN),
-		OPT_BIT('f', "force", &flags, "force updates", TRANSPORT_PUSH_FORCE),
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "recurse-submodules", &flags, "check",
-			"controls recursive pushing of submodules",
+		OPT_BOOLEAN( 0, "delete", &deleterefs, N_("delete refs")),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "tags", &tags, N_("push tags (can't be used with --all or --mirror)")),
+		OPT_BIT('n' , "dry-run", &flags, N_("dry run"), TRANSPORT_PUSH_DRY_RUN),
+		OPT_BIT( 0,  "porcelain", &flags, N_("machine-readable output"), TRANSPORT_PUSH_PORCELAIN),
+		OPT_BIT('f', "force", &flags, N_("force updates"), TRANSPORT_PUSH_FORCE),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "recurse-submodules", &flags, N_("check"),
+			N_("control recursive pushing of submodules"),
 			PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, option_parse_recurse_submodules },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "thin", &thin, "use thin pack"),
-		OPT_STRING( 0 , "receive-pack", &receivepack, "receive-pack", "receive pack program"),
-		OPT_STRING( 0 , "exec", &receivepack, "receive-pack", "receive pack program"),
-		OPT_BIT('u', "set-upstream", &flags, "set upstream for git pull/status",
+		OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "thin", &thin, N_("use thin pack")),
+		OPT_STRING( 0 , "receive-pack", &receivepack, "receive-pack", N_("receive pack program")),
+		OPT_STRING( 0 , "exec", &receivepack, "receive-pack", N_("receive pack program")),
+		OPT_BIT('u', "set-upstream", &flags, N_("set upstream for git pull/status"),
 			TRANSPORT_PUSH_SET_UPSTREAM),
-		OPT_BOOL(0, "progress", &progress, "force progress reporting"),
-		OPT_BIT(0, "prune", &flags, "prune locally removed refs",
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "progress", &progress, N_("force progress reporting")),
+		OPT_BIT(0, "prune", &flags, N_("prune locally removed refs"),
 			TRANSPORT_PUSH_PRUNE),
+		OPT_BIT(0, "no-verify", &flags, N_("bypass pre-push hook"), TRANSPORT_PUSH_NO_HOOK),
+		OPT_BIT(0, "follow-tags", &flags, N_("push missing but relevant tags"),
+			TRANSPORT_PUSH_FOLLOW_TAGS),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
diff --git a/builtin/read-tree.c b/builtin/read-tree.c
index df6c4c8..042ac1b 100644
--- a/builtin/read-tree.c
+++ b/builtin/read-tree.c
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 }
 
 static const char * const read_tree_usage[] = {
-	"git read-tree [[-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<prefix>] [-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--index-output=<file>] (--empty | <tree-ish1> [<tree-ish2> [<tree-ish3>]])",
+	N_("git read-tree [[-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<prefix>] [-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--index-output=<file>] (--empty | <tree-ish1> [<tree-ish2> [<tree-ish3>]])"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -104,37 +104,37 @@
 	struct unpack_trees_options opts;
 	int prefix_set = 0;
 	const struct option read_tree_options[] = {
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "index-output", NULL, "file",
-		  "write resulting index to <file>",
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "index-output", NULL, N_("file"),
+		  N_("write resulting index to <file>"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_NONEG, index_output_cb },
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "empty", &read_empty,
-			    "only empty the index", 1),
-		OPT__VERBOSE(&opts.verbose_update, "be verbose"),
-		OPT_GROUP("Merging"),
+			    N_("only empty the index"), 1),
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&opts.verbose_update, N_("be verbose")),
+		OPT_GROUP(N_("Merging")),
 		OPT_SET_INT('m', NULL, &opts.merge,
-			    "perform a merge in addition to a read", 1),
+			    N_("perform a merge in addition to a read"), 1),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "trivial", &opts.trivial_merges_only,
-			    "3-way merge if no file level merging required", 1),
+			    N_("3-way merge if no file level merging required"), 1),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "aggressive", &opts.aggressive,
-			    "3-way merge in presence of adds and removes", 1),
+			    N_("3-way merge in presence of adds and removes"), 1),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "reset", &opts.reset,
-			    "same as -m, but discard unmerged entries", 1),
-		{ OPTION_STRING, 0, "prefix", &opts.prefix, "<subdirectory>/",
-		  "read the tree into the index under <subdirectory>/",
+			    N_("same as -m, but discard unmerged entries"), 1),
+		{ OPTION_STRING, 0, "prefix", &opts.prefix, N_("<subdirectory>/"),
+		  N_("read the tree into the index under <subdirectory>/"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_LITERAL_ARGHELP },
 		OPT_SET_INT('u', NULL, &opts.update,
-			    "update working tree with merge result", 1),
+			    N_("update working tree with merge result"), 1),
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "exclude-per-directory", &opts,
-		  "gitignore",
-		  "allow explicitly ignored files to be overwritten",
+		  N_("gitignore"),
+		  N_("allow explicitly ignored files to be overwritten"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_NONEG, exclude_per_directory_cb },
 		OPT_SET_INT('i', NULL, &opts.index_only,
-			    "don't check the working tree after merging", 1),
-		OPT__DRY_RUN(&opts.dry_run, "don't update the index or the work tree"),
+			    N_("don't check the working tree after merging"), 1),
+		OPT__DRY_RUN(&opts.dry_run, N_("don't update the index or the work tree")),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "no-sparse-checkout", &opts.skip_sparse_checkout,
-			    "skip applying sparse checkout filter", 1),
+			    N_("skip applying sparse checkout filter"), 1),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "debug-unpack", &opts.debug_unpack,
-			    "debug unpack-trees", 1),
+			    N_("debug unpack-trees"), 1),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
diff --git a/builtin/receive-pack.c b/builtin/receive-pack.c
index 0afb8b2..e3eb5fc 100644
--- a/builtin/receive-pack.c
+++ b/builtin/receive-pack.c
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "sha1-array.h"
 #include "connected.h"
+#include "version.h"
 
 static const char receive_pack_usage[] = "git receive-pack <git-dir>";
 
@@ -58,6 +59,11 @@
 
 static int receive_pack_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
+	int status = parse_hide_refs_config(var, value, "receive");
+
+	if (status)
+		return status;
+
 	if (strcmp(var, "receive.denydeletes") == 0) {
 		deny_deletes = git_config_bool(var, value);
 		return 0;
@@ -118,13 +124,17 @@
 
 static void show_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
+	if (ref_is_hidden(path))
+		return;
+
 	if (sent_capabilities)
 		packet_write(1, "%s %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1), path);
 	else
-		packet_write(1, "%s %s%c%s%s\n",
+		packet_write(1, "%s %s%c%s%s agent=%s\n",
 			     sha1_to_hex(sha1), path, 0,
 			     " report-status delete-refs side-band-64k quiet",
-			     prefer_ofs_delta ? " ofs-delta" : "");
+			     prefer_ofs_delta ? " ofs-delta" : "",
+			     git_user_agent_sanitized());
 	sent_capabilities = 1;
 }
 
@@ -180,9 +190,6 @@
 	char ref_name[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
 };
 
-static const char pre_receive_hook[] = "hooks/pre-receive";
-static const char post_receive_hook[] = "hooks/post-receive";
-
 static void rp_error(const char *err, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)));
 static void rp_warning(const char *err, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)));
 
@@ -240,10 +247,10 @@
 	const char *argv[2];
 	int code;
 
-	if (access(hook_name, X_OK) < 0)
+	argv[0] = find_hook(hook_name);
+	if (!argv[0])
 		return 0;
 
-	argv[0] = hook_name;
 	argv[1] = NULL;
 
 	memset(&proc, 0, sizeof(proc));
@@ -329,15 +336,14 @@
 
 static int run_update_hook(struct command *cmd)
 {
-	static const char update_hook[] = "hooks/update";
 	const char *argv[5];
 	struct child_process proc;
 	int code;
 
-	if (access(update_hook, X_OK) < 0)
+	argv[0] = find_hook("update");
+	if (!argv[0])
 		return 0;
 
-	argv[0] = update_hook;
 	argv[1] = cmd->ref_name;
 	argv[2] = sha1_to_hex(cmd->old_sha1);
 	argv[3] = sha1_to_hex(cmd->new_sha1);
@@ -478,7 +484,6 @@
 	    !prefixcmp(name, "refs/heads/")) {
 		struct object *old_object, *new_object;
 		struct commit *old_commit, *new_commit;
-		struct commit_list *bases, *ent;
 
 		old_object = parse_object(old_sha1);
 		new_object = parse_object(new_sha1);
@@ -491,12 +496,7 @@
 		}
 		old_commit = (struct commit *)old_object;
 		new_commit = (struct commit *)new_object;
-		bases = get_merge_bases(old_commit, new_commit, 1);
-		for (ent = bases; ent; ent = ent->next)
-			if (!hashcmp(old_sha1, ent->item->object.sha1))
-				break;
-		free_commit_list(bases);
-		if (!ent) {
+		if (!in_merge_bases(old_commit, new_commit)) {
 			rp_error("denying non-fast-forward %s"
 				 " (you should pull first)", name);
 			return "non-fast-forward";
@@ -536,24 +536,25 @@
 	}
 }
 
-static char update_post_hook[] = "hooks/post-update";
-
 static void run_update_post_hook(struct command *commands)
 {
 	struct command *cmd;
 	int argc;
 	const char **argv;
 	struct child_process proc;
+	char *hook;
 
+	hook = find_hook("post-update");
 	for (argc = 0, cmd = commands; cmd; cmd = cmd->next) {
 		if (cmd->error_string || cmd->did_not_exist)
 			continue;
 		argc++;
 	}
-	if (!argc || access(update_post_hook, X_OK) < 0)
+	if (!argc || !hook)
 		return;
+
 	argv = xmalloc(sizeof(*argv) * (2 + argc));
-	argv[0] = update_post_hook;
+	argv[0] = hook;
 
 	for (argc = 1, cmd = commands; cmd; cmd = cmd->next) {
 		char *p;
@@ -692,6 +693,20 @@
 	return -1; /* end of list */
 }
 
+static void reject_updates_to_hidden(struct command *commands)
+{
+	struct command *cmd;
+
+	for (cmd = commands; cmd; cmd = cmd->next) {
+		if (cmd->error_string || !ref_is_hidden(cmd->ref_name))
+			continue;
+		if (is_null_sha1(cmd->new_sha1))
+			cmd->error_string = "deny deleting a hidden ref";
+		else
+			cmd->error_string = "deny updating a hidden ref";
+	}
+}
+
 static void execute_commands(struct command *commands, const char *unpacker_error)
 {
 	struct command *cmd;
@@ -699,7 +714,7 @@
 
 	if (unpacker_error) {
 		for (cmd = commands; cmd; cmd = cmd->next)
-			cmd->error_string = "n/a (unpacker error)";
+			cmd->error_string = "unpacker error";
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -708,7 +723,9 @@
 				       0, &cmd))
 		set_connectivity_errors(commands);
 
-	if (run_receive_hook(commands, pre_receive_hook, 0)) {
+	reject_updates_to_hidden(commands);
+
+	if (run_receive_hook(commands, "pre-receive", 0)) {
 		for (cmd = commands; cmd; cmd = cmd->next) {
 			if (!cmd->error_string)
 				cmd->error_string = "pre-receive hook declined";
@@ -737,17 +754,15 @@
 	struct command *commands = NULL;
 	struct command **p = &commands;
 	for (;;) {
-		static char line[1000];
+		char *line;
 		unsigned char old_sha1[20], new_sha1[20];
 		struct command *cmd;
 		char *refname;
 		int len, reflen;
 
-		len = packet_read_line(0, line, sizeof(line));
-		if (!len)
+		line = packet_read_line(0, &len);
+		if (!line)
 			break;
-		if (line[len-1] == '\n')
-			line[--len] = 0;
 		if (len < 83 ||
 		    line[40] != ' ' ||
 		    line[81] != ' ' ||
@@ -799,7 +814,7 @@
 
 static const char *pack_lockfile;
 
-static const char *unpack(void)
+static const char *unpack(int err_fd)
 {
 	struct pack_header hdr;
 	const char *hdr_err;
@@ -811,14 +826,18 @@
 			    : 0);
 
 	hdr_err = parse_pack_header(&hdr);
-	if (hdr_err)
+	if (hdr_err) {
+		if (err_fd > 0)
+			close(err_fd);
 		return hdr_err;
+	}
 	snprintf(hdr_arg, sizeof(hdr_arg),
 			"--pack_header=%"PRIu32",%"PRIu32,
 			ntohl(hdr.hdr_version), ntohl(hdr.hdr_entries));
 
 	if (ntohl(hdr.hdr_entries) < unpack_limit) {
 		int code, i = 0;
+		struct child_process child;
 		const char *unpacker[5];
 		unpacker[i++] = "unpack-objects";
 		if (quiet)
@@ -827,7 +846,12 @@
 			unpacker[i++] = "--strict";
 		unpacker[i++] = hdr_arg;
 		unpacker[i++] = NULL;
-		code = run_command_v_opt(unpacker, RUN_GIT_CMD);
+		memset(&child, 0, sizeof(child));
+		child.argv = unpacker;
+		child.no_stdout = 1;
+		child.err = err_fd;
+		child.git_cmd = 1;
+		code = run_command(&child);
 		if (!code)
 			return NULL;
 		return "unpack-objects abnormal exit";
@@ -852,6 +876,7 @@
 		memset(&ip, 0, sizeof(ip));
 		ip.argv = keeper;
 		ip.out = -1;
+		ip.err = err_fd;
 		ip.git_cmd = 1;
 		status = start_command(&ip);
 		if (status) {
@@ -868,6 +893,26 @@
 	}
 }
 
+static const char *unpack_with_sideband(void)
+{
+	struct async muxer;
+	const char *ret;
+
+	if (!use_sideband)
+		return unpack(0);
+
+	memset(&muxer, 0, sizeof(muxer));
+	muxer.proc = copy_to_sideband;
+	muxer.in = -1;
+	if (start_async(&muxer))
+		return NULL;
+
+	ret = unpack(muxer.in);
+
+	finish_async(&muxer);
+	return ret;
+}
+
 static void report(struct command *commands, const char *unpack_status)
 {
 	struct command *cmd;
@@ -888,7 +933,7 @@
 	if (use_sideband)
 		send_sideband(1, 1, buf.buf, buf.len, use_sideband);
 	else
-		safe_write(1, buf.buf, buf.len);
+		write_or_die(1, buf.buf, buf.len);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 }
 
@@ -965,19 +1010,20 @@
 		const char *unpack_status = NULL;
 
 		if (!delete_only(commands))
-			unpack_status = unpack();
+			unpack_status = unpack_with_sideband();
 		execute_commands(commands, unpack_status);
 		if (pack_lockfile)
 			unlink_or_warn(pack_lockfile);
 		if (report_status)
 			report(commands, unpack_status);
-		run_receive_hook(commands, post_receive_hook, 1);
+		run_receive_hook(commands, "post-receive", 1);
 		run_update_post_hook(commands);
 		if (auto_gc) {
 			const char *argv_gc_auto[] = {
 				"gc", "--auto", "--quiet", NULL,
 			};
-			run_command_v_opt(argv_gc_auto, RUN_GIT_CMD);
+			int opt = RUN_GIT_CMD | RUN_COMMAND_STDOUT_TO_STDERR;
+			run_command_v_opt(argv_gc_auto, opt);
 		}
 		if (auto_update_server_info)
 			update_server_info(0);
diff --git a/builtin/reflog.c b/builtin/reflog.c
index 062d7da..72a0af7 100644
--- a/builtin/reflog.c
+++ b/builtin/reflog.c
@@ -330,8 +330,10 @@
 		printf("keep %s", message);
 	return 0;
  prune:
-	if (!cb->newlog || cb->cmd->verbose)
-		printf("%sprune %s", cb->newlog ? "" : "would ", message);
+	if (!cb->newlog)
+		printf("would prune %s", message);
+	else if (cb->cmd->verbose)
+		printf("prune %s", message);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -412,7 +414,7 @@
 		if (cb.unreachable_expire_kind == UE_HEAD) {
 			struct commit_list *elem;
 			for (elem = tips; elem; elem = elem->next)
-				clear_commit_marks(tip_commit, REACHABLE);
+				clear_commit_marks(elem->item, REACHABLE);
 			free_commit_list(tips);
 		} else {
 			clear_commit_marks(tip_commit, REACHABLE);
@@ -508,26 +510,27 @@
 
 static int reflog_expire_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
-	const char *lastdot = strrchr(var, '.');
+	const char *pattern, *key;
+	int pattern_len;
 	unsigned long expire;
 	int slot;
 	struct reflog_expire_cfg *ent;
 
-	if (!lastdot || prefixcmp(var, "gc."))
+	if (parse_config_key(var, "gc", &pattern, &pattern_len, &key) < 0)
 		return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
 
-	if (!strcmp(lastdot, ".reflogexpire")) {
+	if (!strcmp(key, "reflogexpire")) {
 		slot = EXPIRE_TOTAL;
 		if (parse_expire_cfg_value(var, value, &expire))
 			return -1;
-	} else if (!strcmp(lastdot, ".reflogexpireunreachable")) {
+	} else if (!strcmp(key, "reflogexpireunreachable")) {
 		slot = EXPIRE_UNREACH;
 		if (parse_expire_cfg_value(var, value, &expire))
 			return -1;
 	} else
 		return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
 
-	if (lastdot == var + 2) {
+	if (!pattern) {
 		switch (slot) {
 		case EXPIRE_TOTAL:
 			default_reflog_expire = expire;
@@ -539,7 +542,7 @@
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	ent = find_cfg_ent(var + 3, lastdot - (var+3));
+	ent = find_cfg_ent(pattern, pattern_len);
 	if (!ent)
 		return -1;
 	switch (slot) {
diff --git a/builtin/remote.c b/builtin/remote.c
index 920262d..5e54d36 100644
--- a/builtin/remote.c
+++ b/builtin/remote.c
@@ -8,66 +8,66 @@
 #include "refs.h"
 
 static const char * const builtin_remote_usage[] = {
-	"git remote [-v | --verbose]",
-	"git remote add [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags|--no-tags] [--mirror=<fetch|push>] <name> <url>",
-	"git remote rename <old> <new>",
-	"git remote rm <name>",
-	"git remote set-head <name> (-a | -d | <branch>)",
-	"git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <name>",
-	"git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <name>",
-	"git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<group> | <remote>)...]",
-	"git remote set-branches [--add] <name> <branch>...",
-	"git remote set-url [--push] <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>]",
-	"git remote set-url --add <name> <newurl>",
-	"git remote set-url --delete <name> <url>",
+	N_("git remote [-v | --verbose]"),
+	N_("git remote add [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags|--no-tags] [--mirror=<fetch|push>] <name> <url>"),
+	N_("git remote rename <old> <new>"),
+	N_("git remote remove <name>"),
+	N_("git remote set-head <name> (-a | -d | <branch>)"),
+	N_("git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <name>"),
+	N_("git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <name>"),
+	N_("git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<group> | <remote>)...]"),
+	N_("git remote set-branches [--add] <name> <branch>..."),
+	N_("git remote set-url [--push] <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>]"),
+	N_("git remote set-url --add <name> <newurl>"),
+	N_("git remote set-url --delete <name> <url>"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const builtin_remote_add_usage[] = {
-	"git remote add [<options>] <name> <url>",
+	N_("git remote add [<options>] <name> <url>"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const builtin_remote_rename_usage[] = {
-	"git remote rename <old> <new>",
+	N_("git remote rename <old> <new>"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const builtin_remote_rm_usage[] = {
-	"git remote rm <name>",
+	N_("git remote remove <name>"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const builtin_remote_sethead_usage[] = {
-	"git remote set-head <name> (-a | -d | <branch>])",
+	N_("git remote set-head <name> (-a | -d | <branch>)"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const builtin_remote_setbranches_usage[] = {
-	"git remote set-branches <name> <branch>...",
-	"git remote set-branches --add <name> <branch>...",
+	N_("git remote set-branches <name> <branch>..."),
+	N_("git remote set-branches --add <name> <branch>..."),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const builtin_remote_show_usage[] = {
-	"git remote show [<options>] <name>",
+	N_("git remote show [<options>] <name>"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const builtin_remote_prune_usage[] = {
-	"git remote prune [<options>] <name>",
+	N_("git remote prune [<options>] <name>"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const builtin_remote_update_usage[] = {
-	"git remote update [<options>] [<group> | <remote>]...",
+	N_("git remote update [<options>] [<group> | <remote>]..."),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const builtin_remote_seturl_usage[] = {
-	"git remote set-url [--push] <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>]",
-	"git remote set-url --add <name> <newurl>",
-	"git remote set-url --delete <name> <url>",
+	N_("git remote set-url [--push] <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>]"),
+	N_("git remote set-url --add <name> <newurl>"),
+	N_("git remote set-url --delete <name> <url>"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -160,17 +160,17 @@
 	int i;
 
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('f', "fetch", &fetch, "fetch the remote branches"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('f', "fetch", &fetch, N_("fetch the remote branches")),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "tags", &fetch_tags,
-			    "import all tags and associated objects when fetching",
+			    N_("import all tags and associated objects when fetching"),
 			    TAGS_SET),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, NULL, &fetch_tags,
-			    "or do not fetch any tag at all (--no-tags)", TAGS_UNSET),
-		OPT_STRING_LIST('t', "track", &track, "branch",
-				"branch(es) to track"),
-		OPT_STRING('m', "master", &master, "branch", "master branch"),
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "mirror", &mirror, "push|fetch",
-			"set up remote as a mirror to push to or fetch from",
+			    N_("or do not fetch any tag at all (--no-tags)"), TAGS_UNSET),
+		OPT_STRING_LIST('t', "track", &track, N_("branch"),
+				N_("branch(es) to track")),
+		OPT_STRING('m', "master", &master, N_("branch"), N_("master branch")),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "mirror", &mirror, N_("push|fetch"),
+			N_("set up remote as a mirror to push to or fetch from"),
 			PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, parse_mirror_opt },
 		OPT_END()
 	};
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, NULL, options, builtin_remote_add_usage,
 			     0);
 
-	if (argc < 2)
+	if (argc != 2)
 		usage_with_options(builtin_remote_add_usage, options);
 
 	if (mirror && master)
@@ -1088,7 +1088,7 @@
 {
 	int no_query = 0, result = 0, query_flag = 0;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('n', NULL, &no_query, "do not query remotes"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('n', NULL, &no_query, N_("do not query remotes")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 	struct ref_states states;
@@ -1196,9 +1196,9 @@
 
 	struct option options[] = {
 		OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "auto", &opt_a,
-			    "set refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD according to remote"),
+			    N_("set refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD according to remote")),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN('d', "delete", &opt_d,
-			    "delete refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD"),
+			    N_("delete refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, NULL, options, builtin_remote_sethead_usage,
@@ -1250,7 +1250,7 @@
 {
 	int dry_run = 0, result = 0;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT__DRY_RUN(&dry_run, "dry run"),
+		OPT__DRY_RUN(&dry_run, N_("dry run")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -1318,7 +1318,7 @@
 	int i, prune = 0;
 	struct option options[] = {
 		OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "prune", &prune,
-			    "prune remotes after fetching"),
+			    N_("prune remotes after fetching")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 	const char **fetch_argv;
@@ -1404,7 +1404,7 @@
 {
 	int add_mode = 0;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('\0', "add", &add_mode, "add branch"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('\0', "add", &add_mode, N_("add branch")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -1433,11 +1433,11 @@
 	struct strbuf name_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct option options[] = {
 		OPT_BOOLEAN('\0', "push", &push_mode,
-			    "manipulate push URLs"),
+			    N_("manipulate push URLs")),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN('\0', "add", &add_mode,
-			    "add URL"),
+			    N_("add URL")),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN('\0', "delete", &delete_mode,
-			    "delete URLs"),
+			    N_("delete URLs")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, NULL, options, builtin_remote_seturl_usage,
@@ -1566,7 +1566,7 @@
 int cmd_remote(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, "be verbose; must be placed before a subcommand"),
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("be verbose; must be placed before a subcommand")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 	int result;
@@ -1580,7 +1580,7 @@
 		result = add(argc, argv);
 	else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "rename"))
 		result = mv(argc, argv);
-	else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "rm"))
+	else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "rm") || !strcmp(argv[0], "remove"))
 		result = rm(argc, argv);
 	else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "set-head"))
 		result = set_head(argc, argv);
diff --git a/builtin/replace.c b/builtin/replace.c
index 4a8970e..398ccd5 100644
--- a/builtin/replace.c
+++ b/builtin/replace.c
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 
 static const char * const git_replace_usage[] = {
-	"git replace [-f] <object> <replacement>",
-	"git replace -d <object>...",
-	"git replace -l [<pattern>]",
+	N_("git replace [-f] <object> <replacement>"),
+	N_("git replace -d <object>..."),
+	N_("git replace -l [<pattern>]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -46,24 +46,27 @@
 
 static int for_each_replace_name(const char **argv, each_replace_name_fn fn)
 {
-	const char **p;
+	const char **p, *full_hex;
 	char ref[PATH_MAX];
 	int had_error = 0;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 
 	for (p = argv; *p; p++) {
-		if (snprintf(ref, sizeof(ref), "refs/replace/%s", *p)
-					>= sizeof(ref)) {
-			error("replace ref name too long: %.*s...", 50, *p);
+		if (get_sha1(*p, sha1)) {
+			error("Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref.", *p);
 			had_error = 1;
 			continue;
 		}
+		full_hex = sha1_to_hex(sha1);
+		snprintf(ref, sizeof(ref), "refs/replace/%s", full_hex);
+		/* read_ref() may reuse the buffer */
+		full_hex = ref + strlen("refs/replace/");
 		if (read_ref(ref, sha1)) {
-			error("replace ref '%s' not found.", *p);
+			error("replace ref '%s' not found.", full_hex);
 			had_error = 1;
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (fn(*p, ref, sha1))
+		if (fn(full_hex, ref, sha1))
 			had_error = 1;
 	}
 	return had_error;
@@ -115,9 +118,9 @@
 {
 	int list = 0, delete = 0, force = 0;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('l', NULL, &list, "list replace refs"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('d', NULL, &delete, "delete replace refs"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('f', NULL, &force, "replace the ref if it exists"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('l', NULL, &list, N_("list replace refs")),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('d', NULL, &delete, N_("delete replace refs")),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('f', NULL, &force, N_("replace the ref if it exists")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
diff --git a/builtin/rerere.c b/builtin/rerere.c
index 08213c7..dc1708e 100644
--- a/builtin/rerere.c
+++ b/builtin/rerere.c
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 #include "xdiff-interface.h"
 
 static const char * const rerere_usage[] = {
-	"git rerere [clear | forget path... | status | remaining | diff | gc]",
+	N_("git rerere [clear | forget path... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"),
 	NULL,
 };
 
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
 
 	struct option options[] = {
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "rerere-autoupdate", &autoupdate,
-			"register clean resolutions in index", 1),
+			N_("register clean resolutions in index"), 1),
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 
diff --git a/builtin/reset.c b/builtin/reset.c
index 8c2c1d5..6032131 100644
--- a/builtin/reset.c
+++ b/builtin/reset.c
@@ -22,9 +22,9 @@
 #include "cache-tree.h"
 
 static const char * const git_reset_usage[] = {
-	"git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]",
-	"git reset [-q] <commit> [--] <paths>...",
-	"git reset --patch [<commit>] [--] [<paths>...]",
+	N_("git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]"),
+	N_("git reset [-q] <tree-ish> [--] <paths>..."),
+	N_("git reset --patch [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -38,14 +38,12 @@
 	return !access(git_path("MERGE_HEAD"), F_OK);
 }
 
-static int reset_index_file(const unsigned char *sha1, int reset_type, int quiet)
+static int reset_index(const unsigned char *sha1, int reset_type, int quiet)
 {
 	int nr = 1;
-	int newfd;
 	struct tree_desc desc[2];
 	struct tree *tree;
 	struct unpack_trees_options opts;
-	struct lock_file *lock = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
 
 	memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
 	opts.head_idx = 1;
@@ -67,8 +65,6 @@
 		opts.reset = 1;
 	}
 
-	newfd = hold_locked_index(lock, 1);
-
 	read_cache_unmerged();
 
 	if (reset_type == KEEP) {
@@ -91,10 +87,6 @@
 		prime_cache_tree(&active_cache_tree, tree);
 	}
 
-	if (write_cache(newfd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-	    commit_locked_index(lock))
-		return error(_("Could not write new index file."));
-
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -117,36 +109,10 @@
 		printf("\n");
 }
 
-static int update_index_refresh(int fd, struct lock_file *index_lock, int flags)
-{
-	int result;
-
-	if (!index_lock) {
-		index_lock = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
-		fd = hold_locked_index(index_lock, 1);
-	}
-
-	if (read_cache() < 0)
-		return error(_("Could not read index"));
-
-	result = refresh_index(&the_index, (flags), NULL, NULL,
-			       _("Unstaged changes after reset:")) ? 1 : 0;
-	if (write_cache(fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-			commit_locked_index(index_lock))
-		return error ("Could not refresh index");
-	return result;
-}
-
 static void update_index_from_diff(struct diff_queue_struct *q,
 		struct diff_options *opt, void *data)
 {
 	int i;
-	int *discard_flag = data;
-
-	/* do_diff_cache() mangled the index */
-	discard_cache();
-	*discard_flag = 1;
-	read_cache();
 
 	for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
 		struct diff_filespec *one = q->queue[i]->one;
@@ -164,32 +130,15 @@
 	}
 }
 
-static int interactive_reset(const char *revision, const char **argv,
-			     const char *prefix)
+static int read_from_tree(const char **pathspec, unsigned char *tree_sha1)
 {
-	const char **pathspec = NULL;
-
-	if (*argv)
-		pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv);
-
-	return run_add_interactive(revision, "--patch=reset", pathspec);
-}
-
-static int read_from_tree(const char *prefix, const char **argv,
-		unsigned char *tree_sha1, int refresh_flags)
-{
-	struct lock_file *lock = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
-	int index_fd, index_was_discarded = 0;
 	struct diff_options opt;
 
 	memset(&opt, 0, sizeof(opt));
-	diff_tree_setup_paths(get_pathspec(prefix, (const char **)argv), &opt);
+	diff_tree_setup_paths(pathspec, &opt);
 	opt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_CALLBACK;
 	opt.format_callback = update_index_from_diff;
-	opt.format_callback_data = &index_was_discarded;
 
-	index_fd = hold_locked_index(lock, 1);
-	index_was_discarded = 0;
 	read_cache();
 	if (do_diff_cache(tree_sha1, &opt))
 		return 1;
@@ -197,10 +146,7 @@
 	diff_flush(&opt);
 	diff_tree_release_paths(&opt);
 
-	if (!index_was_discarded)
-		/* The index is still clobbered from do_diff_cache() */
-		discard_cache();
-	return update_index_refresh(index_fd, lock, refresh_flags);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static void set_reflog_message(struct strbuf *sb, const char *action,
@@ -225,27 +171,91 @@
 
 }
 
+static const char **parse_args(const char **argv, const char *prefix, const char **rev_ret)
+{
+	const char *rev = "HEAD";
+	unsigned char unused[20];
+	/*
+	 * Possible arguments are:
+	 *
+	 * git reset [-opts] [<rev>]
+	 * git reset [-opts] <tree> [<paths>...]
+	 * git reset [-opts] <tree> -- [<paths>...]
+	 * git reset [-opts] -- [<paths>...]
+	 * git reset [-opts] <paths>...
+	 *
+	 * At this point, argv points immediately after [-opts].
+	 */
+
+	if (argv[0]) {
+		if (!strcmp(argv[0], "--")) {
+			argv++; /* reset to HEAD, possibly with paths */
+		} else if (argv[1] && !strcmp(argv[1], "--")) {
+			rev = argv[0];
+			argv += 2;
+		}
+		/*
+		 * Otherwise, argv[0] could be either <rev> or <paths> and
+		 * has to be unambiguous. If there is a single argument, it
+		 * can not be a tree
+		 */
+		else if ((!argv[1] && !get_sha1_committish(argv[0], unused)) ||
+			 (argv[1] && !get_sha1_treeish(argv[0], unused))) {
+			/*
+			 * Ok, argv[0] looks like a commit/tree; it should not
+			 * be a filename.
+			 */
+			verify_non_filename(prefix, argv[0]);
+			rev = *argv++;
+		} else {
+			/* Otherwise we treat this as a filename */
+			verify_filename(prefix, argv[0], 1);
+		}
+	}
+	*rev_ret = rev;
+	return argv[0] ? get_pathspec(prefix, argv) : NULL;
+}
+
+static int update_refs(const char *rev, const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	int update_ref_status;
+	struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
+	unsigned char *orig = NULL, sha1_orig[20],
+		*old_orig = NULL, sha1_old_orig[20];
+
+	if (!get_sha1("ORIG_HEAD", sha1_old_orig))
+		old_orig = sha1_old_orig;
+	if (!get_sha1("HEAD", sha1_orig)) {
+		orig = sha1_orig;
+		set_reflog_message(&msg, "updating ORIG_HEAD", NULL);
+		update_ref(msg.buf, "ORIG_HEAD", orig, old_orig, 0, MSG_ON_ERR);
+	} else if (old_orig)
+		delete_ref("ORIG_HEAD", old_orig, 0);
+	set_reflog_message(&msg, "updating HEAD", rev);
+	update_ref_status = update_ref(msg.buf, "HEAD", sha1, orig, 0, MSG_ON_ERR);
+	strbuf_release(&msg);
+	return update_ref_status;
+}
+
 int cmd_reset(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	int i = 0, reset_type = NONE, update_ref_status = 0, quiet = 0;
-	int patch_mode = 0;
-	const char *rev = "HEAD";
-	unsigned char sha1[20], *orig = NULL, sha1_orig[20],
-				*old_orig = NULL, sha1_old_orig[20];
-	struct commit *commit;
-	struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int reset_type = NONE, update_ref_status = 0, quiet = 0;
+	int patch_mode = 0, unborn;
+	const char *rev;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	const char **pathspec = NULL;
 	const struct option options[] = {
-		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, "be quiet, only report errors"),
+		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("be quiet, only report errors")),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "mixed", &reset_type,
-						"reset HEAD and index", MIXED),
-		OPT_SET_INT(0, "soft", &reset_type, "reset only HEAD", SOFT),
+						N_("reset HEAD and index"), MIXED),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "soft", &reset_type, N_("reset only HEAD"), SOFT),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "hard", &reset_type,
-				"reset HEAD, index and working tree", HARD),
+				N_("reset HEAD, index and working tree"), HARD),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "merge", &reset_type,
-				"reset HEAD, index and working tree", MERGE),
+				N_("reset HEAD, index and working tree"), MERGE),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "keep", &reset_type,
-				"reset HEAD but keep local changes", KEEP),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "patch", &patch_mode, "select hunks interactively"),
+				N_("reset HEAD but keep local changes"), KEEP),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "patch", &patch_mode, N_("select hunks interactively")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -253,67 +263,45 @@
 
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, git_reset_usage,
 						PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH);
+	pathspec = parse_args(argv, prefix, &rev);
 
-	/*
-	 * Possible arguments are:
-	 *
-	 * git reset [-opts] <rev> <paths>...
-	 * git reset [-opts] <rev> -- <paths>...
-	 * git reset [-opts] -- <paths>...
-	 * git reset [-opts] <paths>...
-	 *
-	 * At this point, argv[i] points immediately after [-opts].
-	 */
-
-	if (i < argc) {
-		if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--")) {
-			i++; /* reset to HEAD, possibly with paths */
-		} else if (i + 1 < argc && !strcmp(argv[i+1], "--")) {
-			rev = argv[i];
-			i += 2;
-		}
-		/*
-		 * Otherwise, argv[i] could be either <rev> or <paths> and
-		 * has to be unambiguous.
-		 */
-		else if (!get_sha1(argv[i], sha1)) {
-			/*
-			 * Ok, argv[i] looks like a rev; it should not
-			 * be a filename.
-			 */
-			verify_non_filename(prefix, argv[i]);
-			rev = argv[i++];
-		} else {
-			/* Otherwise we treat this as a filename */
-			verify_filename(prefix, argv[i]);
-		}
+	unborn = !strcmp(rev, "HEAD") && get_sha1("HEAD", sha1);
+	if (unborn) {
+		/* reset on unborn branch: treat as reset to empty tree */
+		hashcpy(sha1, EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN);
+	} else if (!pathspec) {
+		struct commit *commit;
+		if (get_sha1_committish(rev, sha1))
+			die(_("Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid revision."), rev);
+		commit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
+		if (!commit)
+			die(_("Could not parse object '%s'."), rev);
+		hashcpy(sha1, commit->object.sha1);
+	} else {
+		struct tree *tree;
+		if (get_sha1_treeish(rev, sha1))
+			die(_("Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid tree."), rev);
+		tree = parse_tree_indirect(sha1);
+		if (!tree)
+			die(_("Could not parse object '%s'."), rev);
+		hashcpy(sha1, tree->object.sha1);
 	}
 
-	if (get_sha1(rev, sha1))
-		die(_("Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."), rev);
-
-	commit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
-	if (!commit)
-		die(_("Could not parse object '%s'."), rev);
-	hashcpy(sha1, commit->object.sha1);
-
 	if (patch_mode) {
 		if (reset_type != NONE)
 			die(_("--patch is incompatible with --{hard,mixed,soft}"));
-		return interactive_reset(rev, argv + i, prefix);
+		return run_add_interactive(sha1_to_hex(sha1), "--patch=reset", pathspec);
 	}
 
 	/* git reset tree [--] paths... can be used to
 	 * load chosen paths from the tree into the index without
 	 * affecting the working tree nor HEAD. */
-	if (i < argc) {
+	if (pathspec) {
 		if (reset_type == MIXED)
 			warning(_("--mixed with paths is deprecated; use 'git reset -- <paths>' instead."));
 		else if (reset_type != NONE)
 			die(_("Cannot do %s reset with paths."),
 					_(reset_type_names[reset_type]));
-		return read_from_tree(prefix, argv + i, sha1,
-				quiet ? REFRESH_QUIET : REFRESH_IN_PORCELAIN);
 	}
 	if (reset_type == NONE)
 		reset_type = MIXED; /* by default */
@@ -328,49 +316,44 @@
 	/* Soft reset does not touch the index file nor the working tree
 	 * at all, but requires them in a good order.  Other resets reset
 	 * the index file to the tree object we are switching to. */
-	if (reset_type == SOFT)
+	if (reset_type == SOFT || reset_type == KEEP)
 		die_if_unmerged_cache(reset_type);
-	else {
-		int err;
-		if (reset_type == KEEP)
-			die_if_unmerged_cache(reset_type);
-		err = reset_index_file(sha1, reset_type, quiet);
-		if (reset_type == KEEP)
-			err = err || reset_index_file(sha1, MIXED, quiet);
-		if (err)
-			die(_("Could not reset index file to revision '%s'."), rev);
+
+	if (reset_type != SOFT) {
+		struct lock_file *lock = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
+		int newfd = hold_locked_index(lock, 1);
+		if (reset_type == MIXED) {
+			if (read_from_tree(pathspec, sha1))
+				return 1;
+		} else {
+			int err = reset_index(sha1, reset_type, quiet);
+			if (reset_type == KEEP && !err)
+				err = reset_index(sha1, MIXED, quiet);
+			if (err)
+				die(_("Could not reset index file to revision '%s'."), rev);
+		}
+
+		if (reset_type == MIXED) { /* Report what has not been updated. */
+			int flags = quiet ? REFRESH_QUIET : REFRESH_IN_PORCELAIN;
+			refresh_index(&the_index, flags, NULL, NULL,
+				      _("Unstaged changes after reset:"));
+		}
+
+		if (write_cache(newfd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
+		    commit_locked_index(lock))
+			die(_("Could not write new index file."));
 	}
 
-	/* Any resets update HEAD to the head being switched to,
-	 * saving the previous head in ORIG_HEAD before. */
-	if (!get_sha1("ORIG_HEAD", sha1_old_orig))
-		old_orig = sha1_old_orig;
-	if (!get_sha1("HEAD", sha1_orig)) {
-		orig = sha1_orig;
-		set_reflog_message(&msg, "updating ORIG_HEAD", NULL);
-		update_ref(msg.buf, "ORIG_HEAD", orig, old_orig, 0, MSG_ON_ERR);
+	if (!pathspec && !unborn) {
+		/* Any resets without paths update HEAD to the head being
+		 * switched to, saving the previous head in ORIG_HEAD before. */
+		update_ref_status = update_refs(rev, sha1);
+
+		if (reset_type == HARD && !update_ref_status && !quiet)
+			print_new_head_line(lookup_commit_reference(sha1));
 	}
-	else if (old_orig)
-		delete_ref("ORIG_HEAD", old_orig, 0);
-	set_reflog_message(&msg, "updating HEAD", rev);
-	update_ref_status = update_ref(msg.buf, "HEAD", sha1, orig, 0, MSG_ON_ERR);
-
-	switch (reset_type) {
-	case HARD:
-		if (!update_ref_status && !quiet)
-			print_new_head_line(commit);
-		break;
-	case SOFT: /* Nothing else to do. */
-		break;
-	case MIXED: /* Report what has not been updated. */
-		update_index_refresh(0, NULL,
-				quiet ? REFRESH_QUIET : REFRESH_IN_PORCELAIN);
-		break;
-	}
-
-	remove_branch_state();
-
-	strbuf_release(&msg);
+	if (!pathspec)
+		remove_branch_state();
 
 	return update_ref_status;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/rev-list.c b/builtin/rev-list.c
index ff5a383..67701be 100644
--- a/builtin/rev-list.c
+++ b/builtin/rev-list.c
@@ -201,55 +201,6 @@
 	printf("-%s\n", sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
 }
 
-static inline int log2i(int n)
-{
-	int log2 = 0;
-
-	for (; n > 1; n >>= 1)
-		log2++;
-
-	return log2;
-}
-
-static inline int exp2i(int n)
-{
-	return 1 << n;
-}
-
-/*
- * Estimate the number of bisect steps left (after the current step)
- *
- * For any x between 0 included and 2^n excluded, the probability for
- * n - 1 steps left looks like:
- *
- * P(2^n + x) == (2^n - x) / (2^n + x)
- *
- * and P(2^n + x) < 0.5 means 2^n < 3x
- */
-int estimate_bisect_steps(int all)
-{
-	int n, x, e;
-
-	if (all < 3)
-		return 0;
-
-	n = log2i(all);
-	e = exp2i(n);
-	x = all - e;
-
-	return (e < 3 * x) ? n : n - 1;
-}
-
-void print_commit_list(struct commit_list *list,
-		       const char *format_cur,
-		       const char *format_last)
-{
-	for ( ; list; list = list->next) {
-		const char *format = list->next ? format_cur : format_last;
-		printf(format, sha1_to_hex(list->item->object.sha1));
-	}
-}
-
 static void print_var_str(const char *var, const char *val)
 {
 	printf("%s='%s'\n", var, val);
diff --git a/builtin/rev-parse.c b/builtin/rev-parse.c
index 733f626..f267a1d 100644
--- a/builtin/rev-parse.c
+++ b/builtin/rev-parse.c
@@ -195,6 +195,12 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int show_abbrev(const unsigned char *sha1, void *cb_data)
+{
+	show_rev(NORMAL, sha1, NULL);
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static void show_datestring(const char *flag, const char *datestr)
 {
 	static char buffer[100];
@@ -224,6 +230,7 @@
 	const char *next;
 	const char *this;
 	int symmetric;
+	static const char head_by_default[] = "HEAD";
 
 	if (!(dotdot = strstr(arg, "..")))
 		return 0;
@@ -235,10 +242,21 @@
 	next += symmetric;
 
 	if (!*next)
-		next = "HEAD";
+		next = head_by_default;
 	if (dotdot == arg)
-		this = "HEAD";
-	if (!get_sha1(this, sha1) && !get_sha1(next, end)) {
+		this = head_by_default;
+
+	if (this == head_by_default && next == head_by_default &&
+	    !symmetric) {
+		/*
+		 * Just ".."?  That is not a range but the
+		 * pathspec for the parent directory.
+		 */
+		*dotdot = '.';
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!get_sha1_committish(this, sha1) && !get_sha1_committish(next, end)) {
 		show_rev(NORMAL, end, next);
 		show_rev(symmetric ? NORMAL : REVERSED, sha1, this);
 		if (symmetric) {
@@ -278,7 +296,7 @@
 		return 0;
 
 	*dotdot = 0;
-	if (get_sha1(arg, sha1))
+	if (get_sha1_committish(arg, sha1))
 		return 0;
 
 	if (!parents_only)
@@ -318,15 +336,15 @@
 {
 	static int keep_dashdash = 0, stop_at_non_option = 0;
 	static char const * const parseopt_usage[] = {
-		"git rev-parse --parseopt [options] -- [<args>...]",
+		N_("git rev-parse --parseopt [options] -- [<args>...]"),
 		NULL
 	};
 	static struct option parseopt_opts[] = {
 		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "keep-dashdash", &keep_dashdash,
-					"keep the `--` passed as an arg"),
+					N_("keep the `--` passed as an arg")),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "stop-at-non-option", &stop_at_non_option,
-					"stop parsing after the "
-					"first non-option argument"),
+					N_("stop parsing after the "
+					   "first non-option argument")),
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 
@@ -443,11 +461,11 @@
 }
 
 static const char builtin_rev_parse_usage[] =
-"git rev-parse --parseopt [options] -- [<args>...]\n"
-"   or: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<arg>...]\n"
-"   or: git rev-parse [options] [<arg>...]\n"
-"\n"
-"Run \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" for more information on the first usage.";
+N_("git rev-parse --parseopt [options] -- [<args>...]\n"
+   "   or: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<arg>...]\n"
+   "   or: git rev-parse [options] [<arg>...]\n"
+   "\n"
+   "Run \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" for more information on the first usage.");
 
 int cmd_rev_parse(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
@@ -486,7 +504,7 @@
 
 		if (as_is) {
 			if (show_file(arg) && as_is < 2)
-				verify_filename(prefix, arg);
+				verify_filename(prefix, arg, 0);
 			continue;
 		}
 		if (!strcmp(arg,"-n")) {
@@ -589,6 +607,10 @@
 				for_each_ref(show_reference, NULL);
 				continue;
 			}
+			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--disambiguate=")) {
+				for_each_abbrev(arg + 15, show_abbrev, NULL);
+				continue;
+			}
 			if (!strcmp(arg, "--bisect")) {
 				for_each_ref_in("refs/bisect/bad", show_reference, NULL);
 				for_each_ref_in("refs/bisect/good", anti_reference, NULL);
@@ -734,7 +756,7 @@
 		as_is = 1;
 		if (!show_file(arg))
 			continue;
-		verify_filename(prefix, arg);
+		verify_filename(prefix, arg, 1);
 	}
 	if (verify) {
 		if (revs_count == 1) {
diff --git a/builtin/revert.c b/builtin/revert.c
index 82d1bf8..0401fdb 100644
--- a/builtin/revert.c
+++ b/builtin/revert.c
@@ -19,14 +19,14 @@
  */
 
 static const char * const revert_usage[] = {
-	"git revert [options] <commit-ish>",
-	"git revert <subcommand>",
+	N_("git revert [options] <commit-ish>..."),
+	N_("git revert <subcommand>"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const cherry_pick_usage[] = {
-	"git cherry-pick [options] <commit-ish>",
-	"git cherry-pick <subcommand>",
+	N_("git cherry-pick [options] <commit-ish>..."),
+	N_("git cherry-pick <subcommand>"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -100,18 +100,19 @@
 	int contin = 0;
 	int rollback = 0;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "quit", &remove_state, "end revert or cherry-pick sequence"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "continue", &contin, "resume revert or cherry-pick sequence"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "abort", &rollback, "cancel revert or cherry-pick sequence"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "no-commit", &opts->no_commit, "don't automatically commit"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('e', "edit", &opts->edit, "edit the commit message"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "quit", &remove_state, N_("end revert or cherry-pick sequence")),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "continue", &contin, N_("resume revert or cherry-pick sequence")),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "abort", &rollback, N_("cancel revert or cherry-pick sequence")),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "no-commit", &opts->no_commit, N_("don't automatically commit")),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('e', "edit", &opts->edit, N_("edit the commit message")),
 		OPT_NOOP_NOARG('r', NULL),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('s', "signoff", &opts->signoff, "add Signed-off-by:"),
-		OPT_INTEGER('m', "mainline", &opts->mainline, "parent number"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('s', "signoff", &opts->signoff, N_("add Signed-off-by:")),
+		OPT_INTEGER('m', "mainline", &opts->mainline, N_("parent number")),
 		OPT_RERERE_AUTOUPDATE(&opts->allow_rerere_auto),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "strategy", &opts->strategy, "strategy", "merge strategy"),
-		OPT_CALLBACK('X', "strategy-option", &opts, "option",
-			"option for merge strategy", option_parse_x),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "strategy", &opts->strategy, N_("strategy"), N_("merge strategy")),
+		OPT_CALLBACK('X', "strategy-option", &opts, N_("option"),
+			N_("option for merge strategy"), option_parse_x),
+		OPT_END(),
 		OPT_END(),
 		OPT_END(),
 		OPT_END(),
@@ -121,10 +122,11 @@
 
 	if (opts->action == REPLAY_PICK) {
 		struct option cp_extra[] = {
-			OPT_BOOLEAN('x', NULL, &opts->record_origin, "append commit name"),
-			OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "ff", &opts->allow_ff, "allow fast-forward"),
-			OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "allow-empty", &opts->allow_empty, "preserve initially empty commits"),
-			OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "keep-redundant-commits", &opts->keep_redundant_commits, "keep redundant, empty commits"),
+			OPT_BOOLEAN('x', NULL, &opts->record_origin, N_("append commit name")),
+			OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "ff", &opts->allow_ff, N_("allow fast-forward")),
+			OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "allow-empty", &opts->allow_empty, N_("preserve initially empty commits")),
+			OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "allow-empty-message", &opts->allow_empty_message, N_("allow commits with empty messages")),
+			OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "keep-redundant-commits", &opts->keep_redundant_commits, N_("keep redundant, empty commits")),
 			OPT_END(),
 		};
 		if (parse_options_concat(options, ARRAY_SIZE(options), cp_extra))
@@ -193,7 +195,7 @@
 		struct setup_revision_opt s_r_opt;
 		opts->revs = xmalloc(sizeof(*opts->revs));
 		init_revisions(opts->revs, NULL);
-		opts->revs->no_walk = 1;
+		opts->revs->no_walk = REVISION_WALK_NO_WALK_UNSORTED;
 		if (argc < 2)
 			usage_with_options(usage_str, options);
 		memset(&s_r_opt, 0, sizeof(s_r_opt));
diff --git a/builtin/rm.c b/builtin/rm.c
index 90c8a50..7b91d52 100644
--- a/builtin/rm.c
+++ b/builtin/rm.c
@@ -9,17 +9,67 @@
 #include "cache-tree.h"
 #include "tree-walk.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
+#include "submodule.h"
 
 static const char * const builtin_rm_usage[] = {
-	"git rm [options] [--] <file>...",
+	N_("git rm [options] [--] <file>..."),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static struct {
 	int nr, alloc;
-	const char **name;
+	struct {
+		const char *name;
+		char is_submodule;
+	} *entry;
 } list;
 
+static int get_ours_cache_pos(const char *path, int pos)
+{
+	int i = -pos - 1;
+
+	while ((i < active_nr) && !strcmp(active_cache[i]->name, path)) {
+		if (ce_stage(active_cache[i]) == 2)
+			return i;
+		i++;
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static int check_submodules_use_gitfiles(void)
+{
+	int i;
+	int errs = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < list.nr; i++) {
+		const char *name = list.entry[i].name;
+		int pos;
+		struct cache_entry *ce;
+		struct stat st;
+
+		pos = cache_name_pos(name, strlen(name));
+		if (pos < 0) {
+			pos = get_ours_cache_pos(name, pos);
+			if (pos < 0)
+				continue;
+		}
+		ce = active_cache[pos];
+
+		if (!S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode) ||
+		    (lstat(ce->name, &st) < 0) ||
+		    is_empty_dir(name))
+			continue;
+
+		if (!submodule_uses_gitfile(name))
+			errs = error(_("submodule '%s' (or one of its nested "
+				     "submodules) uses a .git directory\n"
+				     "(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove "
+				     "it including all of its history)"), name);
+	}
+
+	return errs;
+}
+
 static int check_local_mod(unsigned char *head, int index_only)
 {
 	/*
@@ -37,19 +87,30 @@
 		struct stat st;
 		int pos;
 		struct cache_entry *ce;
-		const char *name = list.name[i];
+		const char *name = list.entry[i].name;
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
 		unsigned mode;
 		int local_changes = 0;
 		int staged_changes = 0;
 
 		pos = cache_name_pos(name, strlen(name));
-		if (pos < 0)
-			continue; /* removing unmerged entry */
+		if (pos < 0) {
+			/*
+			 * Skip unmerged entries except for populated submodules
+			 * that could lose history when removed.
+			 */
+			pos = get_ours_cache_pos(name, pos);
+			if (pos < 0)
+				continue;
+
+			if (!S_ISGITLINK(active_cache[pos]->ce_mode) ||
+			    is_empty_dir(name))
+				continue;
+		}
 		ce = active_cache[pos];
 
 		if (lstat(ce->name, &st) < 0) {
-			if (errno != ENOENT)
+			if (errno != ENOENT && errno != ENOTDIR)
 				warning("'%s': %s", ce->name, strerror(errno));
 			/* It already vanished from the working tree */
 			continue;
@@ -58,9 +119,10 @@
 			/* if a file was removed and it is now a
 			 * directory, that is the same as ENOENT as
 			 * far as git is concerned; we do not track
-			 * directories.
+			 * directories unless they are submodules.
 			 */
-			continue;
+			if (!S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode))
+				continue;
 		}
 
 		/*
@@ -80,8 +142,11 @@
 
 		/*
 		 * Is the index different from the file in the work tree?
+		 * If it's a submodule, is its work tree modified?
 		 */
-		if (ce_match_stat(ce, &st, 0))
+		if (ce_match_stat(ce, &st, 0) ||
+		    (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode) &&
+		     !ok_to_remove_submodule(ce->name)))
 			local_changes = 1;
 
 		/*
@@ -115,10 +180,18 @@
 				errs = error(_("'%s' has changes staged in the index\n"
 					     "(use --cached to keep the file, "
 					     "or -f to force removal)"), name);
-			if (local_changes)
-				errs = error(_("'%s' has local modifications\n"
-					     "(use --cached to keep the file, "
-					     "or -f to force removal)"), name);
+			if (local_changes) {
+				if (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode) &&
+				    !submodule_uses_gitfile(name)) {
+					errs = error(_("submodule '%s' (or one of its nested "
+						     "submodules) uses a .git directory\n"
+						     "(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove "
+						     "it including all of its history)"), name);
+				} else
+					errs = error(_("'%s' has local modifications\n"
+						     "(use --cached to keep the file, "
+						     "or -f to force removal)"), name);
+			}
 		}
 	}
 	return errs;
@@ -130,13 +203,13 @@
 static int ignore_unmatch = 0;
 
 static struct option builtin_rm_options[] = {
-	OPT__DRY_RUN(&show_only, "dry run"),
-	OPT__QUIET(&quiet, "do not list removed files"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "cached",         &index_only, "only remove from the index"),
-	OPT__FORCE(&force, "override the up-to-date check"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('r', NULL,             &recursive,  "allow recursive removal"),
+	OPT__DRY_RUN(&show_only, N_("dry run")),
+	OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("do not list removed files")),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "cached",         &index_only, N_("only remove from the index")),
+	OPT__FORCE(&force, N_("override the up-to-date check")),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN('r', NULL,             &recursive,  N_("allow recursive removal")),
 	OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "ignore-unmatch", &ignore_unmatch,
-				"exit with a zero status even if nothing matched"),
+				N_("exit with a zero status even if nothing matched")),
 	OPT_END(),
 };
 
@@ -161,6 +234,21 @@
 	if (read_cache() < 0)
 		die(_("index file corrupt"));
 
+	/*
+	 * Drop trailing directory separators from directories so we'll find
+	 * submodules in the index.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+		size_t pathlen = strlen(argv[i]);
+		if (pathlen && is_dir_sep(argv[i][pathlen - 1]) &&
+		    is_directory(argv[i])) {
+			do {
+				pathlen--;
+			} while (pathlen && is_dir_sep(argv[i][pathlen - 1]));
+			argv[i] = xmemdupz(argv[i], pathlen);
+		}
+	}
+
 	pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv);
 	refresh_index(&the_index, REFRESH_QUIET, pathspec, NULL, NULL);
 
@@ -173,8 +261,9 @@
 		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
 		if (!match_pathspec(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, seen))
 			continue;
-		ALLOC_GROW(list.name, list.nr + 1, list.alloc);
-		list.name[list.nr++] = ce->name;
+		ALLOC_GROW(list.entry, list.nr + 1, list.alloc);
+		list.entry[list.nr].name = ce->name;
+		list.entry[list.nr++].is_submodule = S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode);
 	}
 
 	if (pathspec) {
@@ -215,6 +304,9 @@
 			hashclr(sha1);
 		if (check_local_mod(sha1, index_only))
 			exit(1);
+	} else if (!index_only) {
+		if (check_submodules_use_gitfiles())
+			exit(1);
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -222,7 +314,7 @@
 	 * the index unless all of them succeed.
 	 */
 	for (i = 0; i < list.nr; i++) {
-		const char *path = list.name[i];
+		const char *path = list.entry[i].name;
 		if (!quiet)
 			printf("rm '%s'\n", path);
 
@@ -244,7 +336,25 @@
 	if (!index_only) {
 		int removed = 0;
 		for (i = 0; i < list.nr; i++) {
-			const char *path = list.name[i];
+			const char *path = list.entry[i].name;
+			if (list.entry[i].is_submodule) {
+				if (is_empty_dir(path)) {
+					if (!rmdir(path)) {
+						removed = 1;
+						continue;
+					}
+				} else {
+					struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+					strbuf_addstr(&buf, path);
+					if (!remove_dir_recursively(&buf, 0)) {
+						removed = 1;
+						strbuf_release(&buf);
+						continue;
+					}
+					strbuf_release(&buf);
+					/* Fallthrough and let remove_path() fail. */
+				}
+			}
 			if (!remove_path(path)) {
 				removed = 1;
 				continue;
diff --git a/builtin/send-pack.c b/builtin/send-pack.c
index d5d7105..152c4ea 100644
--- a/builtin/send-pack.c
+++ b/builtin/send-pack.c
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #include "send-pack.h"
 #include "quote.h"
 #include "transport.h"
+#include "version.h"
 
 static const char send_pack_usage[] =
 "git send-pack [--all | --mirror] [--dry-run] [--force] [--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>] [--verbose] [--thin] [<host>:]<directory> [<ref>...]\n"
@@ -15,164 +16,6 @@
 
 static struct send_pack_args args;
 
-static int feed_object(const unsigned char *sha1, int fd, int negative)
-{
-	char buf[42];
-
-	if (negative && !has_sha1_file(sha1))
-		return 1;
-
-	memcpy(buf + negative, sha1_to_hex(sha1), 40);
-	if (negative)
-		buf[0] = '^';
-	buf[40 + negative] = '\n';
-	return write_or_whine(fd, buf, 41 + negative, "send-pack: send refs");
-}
-
-/*
- * Make a pack stream and spit it out into file descriptor fd
- */
-static int pack_objects(int fd, struct ref *refs, struct extra_have_objects *extra, struct send_pack_args *args)
-{
-	/*
-	 * The child becomes pack-objects --revs; we feed
-	 * the revision parameters to it via its stdin and
-	 * let its stdout go back to the other end.
-	 */
-	const char *argv[] = {
-		"pack-objects",
-		"--all-progress-implied",
-		"--revs",
-		"--stdout",
-		NULL,
-		NULL,
-		NULL,
-		NULL,
-		NULL,
-	};
-	struct child_process po;
-	int i;
-
-	i = 4;
-	if (args->use_thin_pack)
-		argv[i++] = "--thin";
-	if (args->use_ofs_delta)
-		argv[i++] = "--delta-base-offset";
-	if (args->quiet || !args->progress)
-		argv[i++] = "-q";
-	if (args->progress)
-		argv[i++] = "--progress";
-	memset(&po, 0, sizeof(po));
-	po.argv = argv;
-	po.in = -1;
-	po.out = args->stateless_rpc ? -1 : fd;
-	po.git_cmd = 1;
-	if (start_command(&po))
-		die_errno("git pack-objects failed");
-
-	/*
-	 * We feed the pack-objects we just spawned with revision
-	 * parameters by writing to the pipe.
-	 */
-	for (i = 0; i < extra->nr; i++)
-		if (!feed_object(extra->array[i], po.in, 1))
-			break;
-
-	while (refs) {
-		if (!is_null_sha1(refs->old_sha1) &&
-		    !feed_object(refs->old_sha1, po.in, 1))
-			break;
-		if (!is_null_sha1(refs->new_sha1) &&
-		    !feed_object(refs->new_sha1, po.in, 0))
-			break;
-		refs = refs->next;
-	}
-
-	close(po.in);
-
-	if (args->stateless_rpc) {
-		char *buf = xmalloc(LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
-		while (1) {
-			ssize_t n = xread(po.out, buf, LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
-			if (n <= 0)
-				break;
-			send_sideband(fd, -1, buf, n, LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
-		}
-		free(buf);
-		close(po.out);
-		po.out = -1;
-	}
-
-	if (finish_command(&po))
-		return -1;
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int receive_status(int in, struct ref *refs)
-{
-	struct ref *hint;
-	char line[1000];
-	int ret = 0;
-	int len = packet_read_line(in, line, sizeof(line));
-	if (len < 10 || memcmp(line, "unpack ", 7))
-		return error("did not receive remote status");
-	if (memcmp(line, "unpack ok\n", 10)) {
-		char *p = line + strlen(line) - 1;
-		if (*p == '\n')
-			*p = '\0';
-		error("unpack failed: %s", line + 7);
-		ret = -1;
-	}
-	hint = NULL;
-	while (1) {
-		char *refname;
-		char *msg;
-		len = packet_read_line(in, line, sizeof(line));
-		if (!len)
-			break;
-		if (len < 3 ||
-		    (memcmp(line, "ok ", 3) && memcmp(line, "ng ", 3))) {
-			fprintf(stderr, "protocol error: %s\n", line);
-			ret = -1;
-			break;
-		}
-
-		line[strlen(line)-1] = '\0';
-		refname = line + 3;
-		msg = strchr(refname, ' ');
-		if (msg)
-			*msg++ = '\0';
-
-		/* first try searching at our hint, falling back to all refs */
-		if (hint)
-			hint = find_ref_by_name(hint, refname);
-		if (!hint)
-			hint = find_ref_by_name(refs, refname);
-		if (!hint) {
-			warning("remote reported status on unknown ref: %s",
-					refname);
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (hint->status != REF_STATUS_EXPECTING_REPORT) {
-			warning("remote reported status on unexpected ref: %s",
-					refname);
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		if (line[0] == 'o' && line[1] == 'k')
-			hint->status = REF_STATUS_OK;
-		else {
-			hint->status = REF_STATUS_REMOTE_REJECT;
-			ret = -1;
-		}
-		if (msg)
-			hint->remote_status = xstrdup(msg);
-		/* start our next search from the next ref */
-		hint = hint->next;
-	}
-	return ret;
-}
-
 static void print_helper_status(struct ref *ref)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
@@ -201,6 +44,21 @@
 			msg = "non-fast forward";
 			break;
 
+		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_FETCH_FIRST:
+			res = "error";
+			msg = "fetch first";
+			break;
+
+		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE:
+			res = "error";
+			msg = "needs force";
+			break;
+
+		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS:
+			res = "error";
+			msg = "already exists";
+			break;
+
 		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_NODELETE:
 		case REF_STATUS_REMOTE_REJECT:
 			res = "error";
@@ -221,178 +79,11 @@
 		}
 		strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
 
-		safe_write(1, buf.buf, buf.len);
+		write_or_die(1, buf.buf, buf.len);
 	}
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 }
 
-static int sideband_demux(int in, int out, void *data)
-{
-	int *fd = data, ret;
-#ifdef NO_PTHREADS
-	close(fd[1]);
-#endif
-	ret = recv_sideband("send-pack", fd[0], out);
-	close(out);
-	return ret;
-}
-
-int send_pack(struct send_pack_args *args,
-	      int fd[], struct child_process *conn,
-	      struct ref *remote_refs,
-	      struct extra_have_objects *extra_have)
-{
-	int in = fd[0];
-	int out = fd[1];
-	struct strbuf req_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct ref *ref;
-	int new_refs;
-	int allow_deleting_refs = 0;
-	int status_report = 0;
-	int use_sideband = 0;
-	int quiet_supported = 0;
-	unsigned cmds_sent = 0;
-	int ret;
-	struct async demux;
-
-	/* Does the other end support the reporting? */
-	if (server_supports("report-status"))
-		status_report = 1;
-	if (server_supports("delete-refs"))
-		allow_deleting_refs = 1;
-	if (server_supports("ofs-delta"))
-		args->use_ofs_delta = 1;
-	if (server_supports("side-band-64k"))
-		use_sideband = 1;
-	if (server_supports("quiet"))
-		quiet_supported = 1;
-
-	if (!remote_refs) {
-		fprintf(stderr, "No refs in common and none specified; doing nothing.\n"
-			"Perhaps you should specify a branch such as 'master'.\n");
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * Finally, tell the other end!
-	 */
-	new_refs = 0;
-	for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
-		if (!ref->peer_ref && !args->send_mirror)
-			continue;
-
-		/* Check for statuses set by set_ref_status_for_push() */
-		switch (ref->status) {
-		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD:
-		case REF_STATUS_UPTODATE:
-			continue;
-		default:
-			; /* do nothing */
-		}
-
-		if (ref->deletion && !allow_deleting_refs) {
-			ref->status = REF_STATUS_REJECT_NODELETE;
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		if (!ref->deletion)
-			new_refs++;
-
-		if (args->dry_run) {
-			ref->status = REF_STATUS_OK;
-		} else {
-			char *old_hex = sha1_to_hex(ref->old_sha1);
-			char *new_hex = sha1_to_hex(ref->new_sha1);
-			int quiet = quiet_supported && (args->quiet || !args->progress);
-
-			if (!cmds_sent && (status_report || use_sideband || args->quiet)) {
-				packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "%s %s %s%c%s%s%s",
-						 old_hex, new_hex, ref->name, 0,
-						 status_report ? " report-status" : "",
-						 use_sideband ? " side-band-64k" : "",
-						 quiet ? " quiet" : "");
-			}
-			else
-				packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "%s %s %s",
-						 old_hex, new_hex, ref->name);
-			ref->status = status_report ?
-				REF_STATUS_EXPECTING_REPORT :
-				REF_STATUS_OK;
-			cmds_sent++;
-		}
-	}
-
-	if (args->stateless_rpc) {
-		if (!args->dry_run && cmds_sent) {
-			packet_buf_flush(&req_buf);
-			send_sideband(out, -1, req_buf.buf, req_buf.len, LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
-		}
-	} else {
-		safe_write(out, req_buf.buf, req_buf.len);
-		packet_flush(out);
-	}
-	strbuf_release(&req_buf);
-
-	if (use_sideband && cmds_sent) {
-		memset(&demux, 0, sizeof(demux));
-		demux.proc = sideband_demux;
-		demux.data = fd;
-		demux.out = -1;
-		if (start_async(&demux))
-			die("send-pack: unable to fork off sideband demultiplexer");
-		in = demux.out;
-	}
-
-	if (new_refs && cmds_sent) {
-		if (pack_objects(out, remote_refs, extra_have, args) < 0) {
-			for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next)
-				ref->status = REF_STATUS_NONE;
-			if (args->stateless_rpc)
-				close(out);
-			if (git_connection_is_socket(conn))
-				shutdown(fd[0], SHUT_WR);
-			if (use_sideband)
-				finish_async(&demux);
-			return -1;
-		}
-	}
-	if (args->stateless_rpc && cmds_sent)
-		packet_flush(out);
-
-	if (status_report && cmds_sent)
-		ret = receive_status(in, remote_refs);
-	else
-		ret = 0;
-	if (args->stateless_rpc)
-		packet_flush(out);
-
-	if (use_sideband && cmds_sent) {
-		if (finish_async(&demux)) {
-			error("error in sideband demultiplexer");
-			ret = -1;
-		}
-		close(demux.out);
-	}
-
-	if (ret < 0)
-		return ret;
-
-	if (args->porcelain)
-		return 0;
-
-	for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
-		switch (ref->status) {
-		case REF_STATUS_NONE:
-		case REF_STATUS_UPTODATE:
-		case REF_STATUS_OK:
-			break;
-		default:
-			return -1;
-		}
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
 int cmd_send_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int i, nr_refspecs = 0;
@@ -409,7 +100,7 @@
 	int send_all = 0;
 	const char *receivepack = "git-receive-pack";
 	int flags;
-	int nonfastforward = 0;
+	unsigned int reject_reasons;
 	int progress = -1;
 
 	argv++;
@@ -516,7 +207,7 @@
 
 	memset(&extra_have, 0, sizeof(extra_have));
 
-	get_remote_heads(fd[0], &remote_refs, REF_NORMAL, &extra_have);
+	get_remote_heads(fd[0], NULL, 0, &remote_refs, REF_NORMAL, &extra_have);
 
 	transport_verify_remote_names(nr_refspecs, refspecs);
 
@@ -547,7 +238,7 @@
 	ret |= finish_connect(conn);
 
 	if (!helper_status)
-		transport_print_push_status(dest, remote_refs, args.verbose, 0, &nonfastforward);
+		transport_print_push_status(dest, remote_refs, args.verbose, 0, &reject_reasons);
 
 	if (!args.dry_run && remote) {
 		struct ref *ref;
diff --git a/builtin/shortlog.c b/builtin/shortlog.c
index 37f3193..1fd6f8a 100644
--- a/builtin/shortlog.c
+++ b/builtin/shortlog.c
@@ -10,9 +10,7 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 
 static char const * const shortlog_usage[] = {
-	"git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [rev-opts] [--] [<commit-id>... ]",
-	"",
-	"[rev-opts] are documented in git-rev-list(1)",
+	N_("git shortlog [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] [<path>...]]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -36,52 +34,28 @@
 	const char *dot3 = log->common_repo_prefix;
 	char *buffer, *p;
 	struct string_list_item *item;
-	char namebuf[1024];
-	char emailbuf[1024];
-	size_t len;
+	const char *mailbuf, *namebuf;
+	size_t namelen, maillen;
 	const char *eol;
-	const char *boemail, *eoemail;
 	struct strbuf subject = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf namemailbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct ident_split ident;
 
-	boemail = strchr(author, '<');
-	if (!boemail)
-		return;
-	eoemail = strchr(boemail, '>');
-	if (!eoemail)
+	if (split_ident_line(&ident, author, strlen(author)))
 		return;
 
-	/* copy author name to namebuf, to support matching on both name and email */
-	memcpy(namebuf, author, boemail - author);
-	len = boemail - author;
-	while (len > 0 && isspace(namebuf[len-1]))
-		len--;
-	namebuf[len] = 0;
+	namebuf = ident.name_begin;
+	mailbuf = ident.mail_begin;
+	namelen = ident.name_end - ident.name_begin;
+	maillen = ident.mail_end - ident.mail_begin;
 
-	/* copy email name to emailbuf, to allow email replacement as well */
-	memcpy(emailbuf, boemail+1, eoemail - boemail);
-	emailbuf[eoemail - boemail - 1] = 0;
+	map_user(&log->mailmap, &mailbuf, &maillen, &namebuf, &namelen);
+	strbuf_add(&namemailbuf, namebuf, namelen);
 
-	if (!map_user(&log->mailmap, emailbuf, sizeof(emailbuf), namebuf, sizeof(namebuf))) {
-		while (author < boemail && isspace(*author))
-			author++;
-		for (len = 0;
-		     len < sizeof(namebuf) - 1 && author + len < boemail;
-		     len++)
-			namebuf[len] = author[len];
-		while (0 < len && isspace(namebuf[len-1]))
-			len--;
-		namebuf[len] = '\0';
-	}
-	else
-		len = strlen(namebuf);
+	if (log->email)
+		strbuf_addf(&namemailbuf, " <%.*s>", (int)maillen, mailbuf);
 
-	if (log->email) {
-		size_t room = sizeof(namebuf) - len - 1;
-		int maillen = strlen(emailbuf);
-		snprintf(namebuf + len, room, " <%.*s>", maillen, emailbuf);
-	}
-
-	item = string_list_insert(&log->list, namebuf);
+	item = string_list_insert(&log->list, namemailbuf.buf);
 	if (item->util == NULL)
 		item->util = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct string_list));
 
@@ -250,13 +224,13 @@
 
 	static const struct option options[] = {
 		OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "numbered", &log.sort_by_number,
-			    "sort output according to the number of commits per author"),
+			    N_("sort output according to the number of commits per author")),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN('s', "summary", &log.summary,
-			    "Suppress commit descriptions, only provides commit count"),
+			    N_("Suppress commit descriptions, only provides commit count")),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN('e', "email", &log.email,
-			    "Show the email address of each author"),
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'w', NULL, &log, "w[,i1[,i2]]",
-			"Linewrap output", PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, &parse_wrap_args },
+			    N_("Show the email address of each author")),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'w', NULL, &log, N_("w[,i1[,i2]]"),
+			N_("Linewrap output"), PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, &parse_wrap_args },
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 
@@ -306,9 +280,8 @@
 static void add_wrapped_shortlog_msg(struct strbuf *sb, const char *s,
 				     const struct shortlog *log)
 {
-	int col = strbuf_add_wrapped_text(sb, s, log->in1, log->in2, log->wrap);
-	if (col != log->wrap)
-		strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
+	strbuf_add_wrapped_text(sb, s, log->in1, log->in2, log->wrap);
+	strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
 }
 
 void shortlog_output(struct shortlog *log)
diff --git a/builtin/show-branch.c b/builtin/show-branch.c
index a59e088..90fc6b1 100644
--- a/builtin/show-branch.c
+++ b/builtin/show-branch.c
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 
 static const char* show_branch_usage[] = {
-    "git show-branch [-a|--all] [-r|--remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order] [--current] [--color[=<when>] | --no-color] [--sparse] [--more=<n> | --list | --independent | --merge-base] [--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<rev> | <glob>)...]",
-    "git show-branch (-g|--reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<ref>]",
+    N_("git show-branch [-a|--all] [-r|--remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order] [--current] [--color[=<when>] | --no-color] [--sparse] [--more=<n> | --list | --independent | --merge-base] [--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<rev> | <glob>)...]"),
+    N_("git show-branch (-g|--reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<ref>]"),
     NULL
 };
 
@@ -162,29 +162,28 @@
 			nth = 0;
 			while (parents) {
 				struct commit *p = parents->item;
-				char newname[1000], *en;
+				struct strbuf newname = STRBUF_INIT;
 				parents = parents->next;
 				nth++;
 				if (p->util)
 					continue;
-				en = newname;
 				switch (n->generation) {
 				case 0:
-					en += sprintf(en, "%s", n->head_name);
+					strbuf_addstr(&newname, n->head_name);
 					break;
 				case 1:
-					en += sprintf(en, "%s^", n->head_name);
+					strbuf_addf(&newname, "%s^", n->head_name);
 					break;
 				default:
-					en += sprintf(en, "%s~%d",
-						n->head_name, n->generation);
+					strbuf_addf(&newname, "%s~%d",
+						    n->head_name, n->generation);
 					break;
 				}
 				if (nth == 1)
-					en += sprintf(en, "^");
+					strbuf_addch(&newname, '^');
 				else
-					en += sprintf(en, "^%d", nth);
-				name_commit(p, xstrdup(newname), 0);
+					strbuf_addf(&newname, "^%d", nth);
+				name_commit(p, strbuf_detach(&newname, NULL), 0);
 				i++;
 				name_first_parent_chain(p);
 			}
@@ -648,36 +647,36 @@
 	const char *reflog_base = NULL;
 	struct option builtin_show_branch_options[] = {
 		OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "all", &all_heads,
-			    "show remote-tracking and local branches"),
+			    N_("show remote-tracking and local branches")),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN('r', "remotes", &all_remotes,
-			    "show remote-tracking branches"),
+			    N_("show remote-tracking branches")),
 		OPT__COLOR(&showbranch_use_color,
-			    "color '*!+-' corresponding to the branch"),
-		{ OPTION_INTEGER, 0, "more", &extra, "n",
-			    "show <n> more commits after the common ancestor",
+			    N_("color '*!+-' corresponding to the branch")),
+		{ OPTION_INTEGER, 0, "more", &extra, N_("n"),
+			    N_("show <n> more commits after the common ancestor"),
 			    PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t)1 },
-		OPT_SET_INT(0, "list", &extra, "synonym to more=-1", -1),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "no-name", &no_name, "suppress naming strings"),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "list", &extra, N_("synonym to more=-1"), -1),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "no-name", &no_name, N_("suppress naming strings")),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "current", &with_current_branch,
-			    "include the current branch"),
+			    N_("include the current branch")),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "sha1-name", &sha1_name,
-			    "name commits with their object names"),
+			    N_("name commits with their object names")),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "merge-base", &merge_base,
-			    "show possible merge bases"),
+			    N_("show possible merge bases")),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "independent", &independent,
-			    "show refs unreachable from any other ref"),
+			    N_("show refs unreachable from any other ref")),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "topo-order", &lifo,
-			    "show commits in topological order"),
+			    N_("show commits in topological order")),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "topics", &topics,
-			    "show only commits not on the first branch"),
+			    N_("show only commits not on the first branch")),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "sparse", &dense,
-			    "show merges reachable from only one tip", 0),
+			    N_("show merges reachable from only one tip"), 0),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "date-order", &lifo,
-			    "show commits where no parent comes before its "
-			    "children", 0),
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'g', "reflog", &reflog_base, "<n>[,<base>]",
-			    "show <n> most recent ref-log entries starting at "
-			    "base",
+			    N_("show commits where no parent comes before its "
+			       "children"), 0),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'g', "reflog", &reflog_base, N_("<n>[,<base>]"),
+			    N_("show <n> most recent ref-log entries starting at "
+			       "base"),
 			    PARSE_OPT_OPTARG | PARSE_OPT_LITERAL_ARGHELP,
 			    parse_reflog_param },
 		OPT_END()
diff --git a/builtin/show-ref.c b/builtin/show-ref.c
index 3911661..8d9b76a 100644
--- a/builtin/show-ref.c
+++ b/builtin/show-ref.c
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 
 static const char * const show_ref_usage[] = {
-	"git show-ref [-q|--quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d|--dereference] [-s|--hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [pattern*] ",
-	"git show-ref --exclude-existing[=pattern] < ref-list",
+	N_("git show-ref [-q|--quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d|--dereference] [-s|--hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [pattern*] "),
+	N_("git show-ref --exclude-existing[=pattern] < ref-list"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@
 
 static int show_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cbdata)
 {
-	struct object *obj;
 	const char *hex;
 	unsigned char peeled[20];
 
@@ -79,25 +78,9 @@
 	if (!deref_tags)
 		return 0;
 
-	if ((flag & REF_ISPACKED) && !peel_ref(refname, peeled)) {
-		if (!is_null_sha1(peeled)) {
-			hex = find_unique_abbrev(peeled, abbrev);
-			printf("%s %s^{}\n", hex, refname);
-		}
-	}
-	else {
-		obj = parse_object(sha1);
-		if (!obj)
-			die("git show-ref: bad ref %s (%s)", refname,
-			    sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-		if (obj->type == OBJ_TAG) {
-			obj = deref_tag(obj, refname, 0);
-			if (!obj)
-				die("git show-ref: bad tag at ref %s (%s)", refname,
-				    sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-			hex = find_unique_abbrev(obj->sha1, abbrev);
-			printf("%s %s^{}\n", hex, refname);
-		}
+	if (!peel_ref(refname, peeled)) {
+		hex = find_unique_abbrev(peeled, abbrev);
+		printf("%s %s^{}\n", hex, refname);
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -179,26 +162,26 @@
 }
 
 static const struct option show_ref_options[] = {
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "tags", &tags_only, "only show tags (can be combined with heads)"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "heads", &heads_only, "only show heads (can be combined with tags)"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "verify", &verify, "stricter reference checking, "
-		    "requires exact ref path"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "tags", &tags_only, N_("only show tags (can be combined with heads)")),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "heads", &heads_only, N_("only show heads (can be combined with tags)")),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "verify", &verify, N_("stricter reference checking, "
+		    "requires exact ref path")),
 	{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 'h', NULL, &show_head, NULL,
-	  "show the HEAD reference",
+	  N_("show the HEAD reference"),
 	  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN },
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "head", &show_head, "show the HEAD reference"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "head", &show_head, N_("show the HEAD reference")),
 	OPT_BOOLEAN('d', "dereference", &deref_tags,
-		    "dereference tags into object IDs"),
-	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 's', "hash", &abbrev, "n",
-	  "only show SHA1 hash using <n> digits",
+		    N_("dereference tags into object IDs")),
+	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 's', "hash", &abbrev, N_("n"),
+	  N_("only show SHA1 hash using <n> digits"),
 	  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, &hash_callback },
 	OPT__ABBREV(&abbrev),
 	OPT__QUIET(&quiet,
-		   "do not print results to stdout (useful with --verify)"),
+		   N_("do not print results to stdout (useful with --verify)")),
 	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "exclude-existing", &exclude_existing_arg,
-	  "pattern", "show refs from stdin that aren't in local repository",
+	  N_("pattern"), N_("show refs from stdin that aren't in local repository"),
 	  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, exclude_existing_callback },
-	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "help-all", NULL, NULL, "show usage",
+	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "help-all", NULL, NULL, N_("show usage"),
 	  PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN | PARSE_OPT_NOARG, help_callback },
 	OPT_END()
 };
diff --git a/builtin/stripspace.c b/builtin/stripspace.c
index f16986c..e981dfb 100644
--- a/builtin/stripspace.c
+++ b/builtin/stripspace.c
@@ -30,7 +30,8 @@
  *
  * If last line does not have a newline at the end, one is added.
  *
- * Enable skip_comments to skip every line starting with "#".
+ * Enable skip_comments to skip every line starting with comment
+ * character.
  */
 void stripspace(struct strbuf *sb, int skip_comments)
 {
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@
 		eol = memchr(sb->buf + i, '\n', sb->len - i);
 		len = eol ? eol - (sb->buf + i) + 1 : sb->len - i;
 
-		if (skip_comments && len && sb->buf[i] == '#') {
+		if (skip_comments && len && sb->buf[i] == comment_line_char) {
 			newlen = 0;
 			continue;
 		}
@@ -66,21 +67,53 @@
 	strbuf_setlen(sb, j);
 }
 
+static void comment_lines(struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	char *msg;
+	size_t len;
+
+	msg = strbuf_detach(buf, &len);
+	strbuf_add_commented_lines(buf, msg, len);
+	free(msg);
+}
+
+static const char *usage_msg = "\n"
+"  git stripspace [-s | --strip-comments] < input\n"
+"  git stripspace [-c | --comment-lines] < input";
+
 int cmd_stripspace(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int strip_comments = 0;
+	enum { INVAL = 0, STRIP_SPACE = 1, COMMENT_LINES = 2 } mode = STRIP_SPACE;
 
-	if (argc == 2 && (!strcmp(argv[1], "-s") ||
-				!strcmp(argv[1], "--strip-comments")))
-		strip_comments = 1;
-	else if (argc > 1)
-		usage("git stripspace [-s | --strip-comments] < input");
+	if (argc == 2) {
+		if (!strcmp(argv[1], "-s") ||
+			!strcmp(argv[1], "--strip-comments")) {
+			 strip_comments = 1;
+		} else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "-c") ||
+					 !strcmp(argv[1], "--comment-lines")) {
+			 mode = COMMENT_LINES;
+		} else {
+			mode = INVAL;
+		}
+	} else if (argc > 1) {
+		mode = INVAL;
+	}
+
+	if (mode == INVAL)
+		usage(usage_msg);
+
+	if (strip_comments || mode == COMMENT_LINES)
+		git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 
 	if (strbuf_read(&buf, 0, 1024) < 0)
 		die_errno("could not read the input");
 
-	stripspace(&buf, strip_comments);
+	if (mode == STRIP_SPACE)
+		stripspace(&buf, strip_comments);
+	else
+		comment_lines(&buf);
 
 	write_or_die(1, buf.buf, buf.len);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
diff --git a/builtin/symbolic-ref.c b/builtin/symbolic-ref.c
index 801d62e..f481959 100644
--- a/builtin/symbolic-ref.c
+++ b/builtin/symbolic-ref.c
@@ -4,13 +4,12 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 
 static const char * const git_symbolic_ref_usage[] = {
-	"git symbolic-ref [options] name [ref]",
+	N_("git symbolic-ref [options] name [ref]"),
+	N_("git symbolic-ref -d [-q] name"),
 	NULL
 };
 
-static int shorten;
-
-static void check_symref(const char *HEAD, int quiet)
+static int check_symref(const char *HEAD, int quiet, int shorten, int print)
 {
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	int flag;
@@ -22,22 +21,26 @@
 		if (!quiet)
 			die("ref %s is not a symbolic ref", HEAD);
 		else
-			exit(1);
+			return 1;
 	}
-	if (shorten)
-		refname = shorten_unambiguous_ref(refname, 0);
-	puts(refname);
+	if (print) {
+		if (shorten)
+			refname = shorten_unambiguous_ref(refname, 0);
+		puts(refname);
+	}
+	return 0;
 }
 
 int cmd_symbolic_ref(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	int quiet = 0;
+	int quiet = 0, delete = 0, shorten = 0, ret = 0;
 	const char *msg = NULL;
 	struct option options[] = {
 		OPT__QUIET(&quiet,
-			"suppress error message for non-symbolic (detached) refs"),
-		OPT_BOOL(0, "short", &shorten, "shorten ref output"),
-		OPT_STRING('m', NULL, &msg, "reason", "reason of the update"),
+			N_("suppress error message for non-symbolic (detached) refs")),
+		OPT_BOOL('d', "delete", &delete, N_("delete symbolic ref")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "short", &shorten, N_("shorten ref output")),
+		OPT_STRING('m', NULL, &msg, N_("reason"), N_("reason of the update")),
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 
@@ -46,9 +49,19 @@
 			     git_symbolic_ref_usage, 0);
 	if (msg &&!*msg)
 		die("Refusing to perform update with empty message");
+
+	if (delete) {
+		if (argc != 1)
+			usage_with_options(git_symbolic_ref_usage, options);
+		ret = check_symref(argv[0], 1, 0, 0);
+		if (ret)
+			die("Cannot delete %s, not a symbolic ref", argv[0]);
+		return delete_ref(argv[0], NULL, REF_NODEREF);
+	}
+
 	switch (argc) {
 	case 1:
-		check_symref(argv[0], quiet);
+		ret = check_symref(argv[0], quiet, shorten, 1);
 		break;
 	case 2:
 		if (!strcmp(argv[0], "HEAD") &&
@@ -59,5 +72,5 @@
 	default:
 		usage_with_options(git_symbolic_ref_usage, options);
 	}
-	return 0;
+	return ret;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/tag.c b/builtin/tag.c
index 7b1be85..af3af3f 100644
--- a/builtin/tag.c
+++ b/builtin/tag.c
@@ -19,11 +19,11 @@
 #include "column.h"
 
 static const char * const git_tag_usage[] = {
-	"git tag [-a|-s|-u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <msg>|-F <file>] <tagname> [<head>]",
-	"git tag -d <tagname>...",
-	"git tag -l [-n[<num>]] [--contains <commit>] [--points-at <object>] "
-		"\n\t\t[<pattern>...]",
-	"git tag -v <tagname>...",
+	N_("git tag [-a|-s|-u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <msg>|-F <file>] <tagname> [<head>]"),
+	N_("git tag -d <tagname>..."),
+	N_("git tag -l [-n[<num>]] [--contains <commit>] [--points-at <object>] "
+		"\n\t\t[<pattern>...]"),
+	N_("git tag -v <tagname>..."),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -246,19 +246,13 @@
 }
 
 static const char tag_template[] =
-	N_("\n"
-	"#\n"
-	"# Write a tag message\n"
-	"# Lines starting with '#' will be ignored.\n"
-	"#\n");
+	N_("\nWrite a tag message\n"
+	"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored.\n");
 
 static const char tag_template_nocleanup[] =
-	N_("\n"
-	"#\n"
-	"# Write a tag message\n"
-	"# Lines starting with '#' will be kept; you may remove them"
-	" yourself if you want to.\n"
-	"#\n");
+	N_("\nWrite a tag message\n"
+	"Lines starting with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them"
+	" yourself if you want to.\n");
 
 static int git_tag_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
@@ -346,14 +340,18 @@
 		if (fd < 0)
 			die_errno(_("could not create file '%s'"), path);
 
-		if (!is_null_sha1(prev))
+		if (!is_null_sha1(prev)) {
 			write_tag_body(fd, prev);
-		else if (opt->cleanup_mode == CLEANUP_ALL)
-			write_or_die(fd, _(tag_template),
-					strlen(_(tag_template)));
-		else
-			write_or_die(fd, _(tag_template_nocleanup),
-					strlen(_(tag_template_nocleanup)));
+		} else {
+			struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+			strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
+			if (opt->cleanup_mode == CLEANUP_ALL)
+				strbuf_commented_addf(&buf, _(tag_template), comment_line_char);
+			else
+				strbuf_commented_addf(&buf, _(tag_template_nocleanup), comment_line_char);
+			write_or_die(fd, buf.buf, buf.len);
+			strbuf_release(&buf);
+		}
 		close(fd);
 
 		if (launch_editor(path, buf, NULL)) {
@@ -444,37 +442,37 @@
 	struct msg_arg msg = { 0, STRBUF_INIT };
 	struct commit_list *with_commit = NULL;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('l', "list", &list, "list tag names"),
-		{ OPTION_INTEGER, 'n', NULL, &lines, "n",
-				"print <n> lines of each tag message",
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('l', "list", &list, N_("list tag names")),
+		{ OPTION_INTEGER, 'n', NULL, &lines, N_("n"),
+				N_("print <n> lines of each tag message"),
 				PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, 1 },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('d', "delete", &delete, "delete tags"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('v', "verify", &verify, "verify tags"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('d', "delete", &delete, N_("delete tags")),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('v', "verify", &verify, N_("verify tags")),
 
-		OPT_GROUP("Tag creation options"),
+		OPT_GROUP(N_("Tag creation options")),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "annotate", &annotate,
-					"annotated tag, needs a message"),
-		OPT_CALLBACK('m', "message", &msg, "message",
-			     "tag message", parse_msg_arg),
-		OPT_FILENAME('F', "file", &msgfile, "read message from file"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('s', "sign", &opt.sign, "annotated and GPG-signed tag"),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "cleanup", &cleanup_arg, "mode",
-			"how to strip spaces and #comments from message"),
-		OPT_STRING('u', "local-user", &keyid, "key-id",
-					"use another key to sign the tag"),
-		OPT__FORCE(&force, "replace the tag if exists"),
-		OPT_COLUMN(0, "column", &colopts, "show tag list in columns"),
+					N_("annotated tag, needs a message")),
+		OPT_CALLBACK('m', "message", &msg, N_("message"),
+			     N_("tag message"), parse_msg_arg),
+		OPT_FILENAME('F', "file", &msgfile, N_("read message from file")),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('s', "sign", &opt.sign, N_("annotated and GPG-signed tag")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "cleanup", &cleanup_arg, N_("mode"),
+			N_("how to strip spaces and #comments from message")),
+		OPT_STRING('u', "local-user", &keyid, N_("key id"),
+					N_("use another key to sign the tag")),
+		OPT__FORCE(&force, N_("replace the tag if exists")),
+		OPT_COLUMN(0, "column", &colopts, N_("show tag list in columns")),
 
-		OPT_GROUP("Tag listing options"),
+		OPT_GROUP(N_("Tag listing options")),
 		{
-			OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "contains", &with_commit, "commit",
-			"print only tags that contain the commit",
+			OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "contains", &with_commit, N_("commit"),
+			N_("print only tags that contain the commit"),
 			PARSE_OPT_LASTARG_DEFAULT,
 			parse_opt_with_commit, (intptr_t)"HEAD",
 		},
 		{
-			OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "points-at", NULL, "object",
-			"print only tags of the object", 0, parse_opt_points_at
+			OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "points-at", NULL, N_("object"),
+			N_("print only tags of the object"), 0, parse_opt_points_at
 		},
 		OPT_END()
 	};
@@ -584,7 +582,7 @@
 		die(_("%s: cannot lock the ref"), ref.buf);
 	if (write_ref_sha1(lock, object, NULL) < 0)
 		die(_("%s: cannot update the ref"), ref.buf);
-	if (force && hashcmp(prev, object))
+	if (force && !is_null_sha1(prev) && hashcmp(prev, object))
 		printf(_("Updated tag '%s' (was %s)\n"), tag, find_unique_abbrev(prev, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
 
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
diff --git a/builtin/update-index.c b/builtin/update-index.c
index 5f038d6..5c7762e 100644
--- a/builtin/update-index.c
+++ b/builtin/update-index.c
@@ -95,7 +95,8 @@
 	size = cache_entry_size(len);
 	ce = xcalloc(1, size);
 	memcpy(ce->name, path, len);
-	ce->ce_flags = len;
+	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(0);
+	ce->ce_namelen = len;
 	fill_stat_cache_info(ce, st);
 	ce->ce_mode = ce_mode_from_stat(old, st->st_mode);
 
@@ -211,12 +212,6 @@
 	if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
 		return process_directory(path, len, &st);
 
-	/*
-	 * Process a regular file
-	 */
-	if (ce && S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode))
-		return error("%s is already a gitlink, not replacing", path);
-
 	return add_one_path(ce, path, len, &st);
 }
 
@@ -235,7 +230,8 @@
 
 	hashcpy(ce->sha1, sha1);
 	memcpy(ce->name, path, len);
-	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(len, stage);
+	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(stage);
+	ce->ce_namelen = len;
 	ce->ce_mode = create_ce_mode(mode);
 	if (assume_unchanged)
 		ce->ce_flags |= CE_VALID;
@@ -402,7 +398,7 @@
 }
 
 static const char * const update_index_usage[] = {
-	"git update-index [options] [--] [<file>...]",
+	N_("git update-index [options] [--] [<file>...]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -433,7 +429,8 @@
 
 	hashcpy(ce->sha1, sha1);
 	memcpy(ce->name, path, namelen);
-	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(namelen, stage);
+	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(stage);
+	ce->ce_namelen = namelen;
 	ce->ce_mode = create_ce_mode(mode);
 	return ce;
 }
@@ -596,6 +593,7 @@
 static int refresh(struct refresh_params *o, unsigned int flag)
 {
 	setup_work_tree();
+	read_cache_preload(NULL);
 	*o->has_errors |= refresh_cache(o->flags | flag);
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -717,88 +715,88 @@
 	int parseopt_state = PARSE_OPT_UNKNOWN;
 	struct option options[] = {
 		OPT_BIT('q', NULL, &refresh_args.flags,
-			"continue refresh even when index needs update",
+			N_("continue refresh even when index needs update"),
 			REFRESH_QUIET),
 		OPT_BIT(0, "ignore-submodules", &refresh_args.flags,
-			"refresh: ignore submodules",
+			N_("refresh: ignore submodules"),
 			REFRESH_IGNORE_SUBMODULES),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "add", &allow_add,
-			"do not ignore new files", 1),
+			N_("do not ignore new files"), 1),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "replace", &allow_replace,
-			"let files replace directories and vice-versa", 1),
+			N_("let files replace directories and vice-versa"), 1),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "remove", &allow_remove,
-			"notice files missing from worktree", 1),
+			N_("notice files missing from worktree"), 1),
 		OPT_BIT(0, "unmerged", &refresh_args.flags,
-			"refresh even if index contains unmerged entries",
+			N_("refresh even if index contains unmerged entries"),
 			REFRESH_UNMERGED),
 		{OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "refresh", &refresh_args, NULL,
-			"refresh stat information",
+			N_("refresh stat information"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
 			refresh_callback},
 		{OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "really-refresh", &refresh_args, NULL,
-			"like --refresh, but ignore assume-unchanged setting",
+			N_("like --refresh, but ignore assume-unchanged setting"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
 			really_refresh_callback},
 		{OPTION_LOWLEVEL_CALLBACK, 0, "cacheinfo", NULL,
-			"<mode> <object> <path>",
-			"add the specified entry to the index",
+			N_("<mode> <object> <path>"),
+			N_("add the specified entry to the index"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NOARG |	/* disallow --cacheinfo=<mode> form */
 			PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_LITERAL_ARGHELP,
 			(parse_opt_cb *) cacheinfo_callback},
-		{OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "chmod", &set_executable_bit, "(+/-)x",
-			"override the executable bit of the listed files",
+		{OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "chmod", &set_executable_bit, N_("(+/-)x"),
+			N_("override the executable bit of the listed files"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_LITERAL_ARGHELP,
 			chmod_callback},
 		{OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "assume-unchanged", &mark_valid_only, NULL,
-			"mark files as \"not changing\"",
+			N_("mark files as \"not changing\""),
 			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL, MARK_FLAG},
 		{OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "no-assume-unchanged", &mark_valid_only, NULL,
-			"clear assumed-unchanged bit",
+			N_("clear assumed-unchanged bit"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL, UNMARK_FLAG},
 		{OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "skip-worktree", &mark_skip_worktree_only, NULL,
-			"mark files as \"index-only\"",
+			N_("mark files as \"index-only\""),
 			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL, MARK_FLAG},
 		{OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "no-skip-worktree", &mark_skip_worktree_only, NULL,
-			"clear skip-worktree bit",
+			N_("clear skip-worktree bit"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL, UNMARK_FLAG},
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "info-only", &info_only,
-			"add to index only; do not add content to object database", 1),
+			N_("add to index only; do not add content to object database"), 1),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "force-remove", &force_remove,
-			"remove named paths even if present in worktree", 1),
+			N_("remove named paths even if present in worktree"), 1),
 		OPT_SET_INT('z', NULL, &line_termination,
-			"with --stdin: input lines are terminated by null bytes", '\0'),
+			N_("with --stdin: input lines are terminated by null bytes"), '\0'),
 		{OPTION_LOWLEVEL_CALLBACK, 0, "stdin", &read_from_stdin, NULL,
-			"read list of paths to be updated from standard input",
+			N_("read list of paths to be updated from standard input"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_NOARG,
 			(parse_opt_cb *) stdin_callback},
 		{OPTION_LOWLEVEL_CALLBACK, 0, "index-info", &line_termination, NULL,
-			"add entries from standard input to the index",
+			N_("add entries from standard input to the index"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_NOARG,
 			(parse_opt_cb *) stdin_cacheinfo_callback},
 		{OPTION_LOWLEVEL_CALLBACK, 0, "unresolve", &has_errors, NULL,
-			"repopulate stages #2 and #3 for the listed paths",
+			N_("repopulate stages #2 and #3 for the listed paths"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_NOARG,
 			(parse_opt_cb *) unresolve_callback},
 		{OPTION_LOWLEVEL_CALLBACK, 'g', "again", &has_errors, NULL,
-			"only update entries that differ from HEAD",
+			N_("only update entries that differ from HEAD"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_NOARG,
 			(parse_opt_cb *) reupdate_callback},
 		OPT_BIT(0, "ignore-missing", &refresh_args.flags,
-			"ignore files missing from worktree",
+			N_("ignore files missing from worktree"),
 			REFRESH_IGNORE_MISSING),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "verbose", &verbose,
-			"report actions to standard output", 1),
+			N_("report actions to standard output"), 1),
 		{OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "clear-resolve-undo", NULL, NULL,
-			"(for porcelains) forget saved unresolved conflicts",
+			N_("(for porcelains) forget saved unresolved conflicts"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
 			resolve_undo_clear_callback},
 		OPT_INTEGER(0, "index-version", &preferred_index_format,
-			    "write index in this format"),
+			N_("write index in this format")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
 	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
-		usage(update_index_usage[0]);
+		usage_with_options(update_index_usage, options);
 
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 
diff --git a/builtin/update-ref.c b/builtin/update-ref.c
index 835c62a..51d2684 100644
--- a/builtin/update-ref.c
+++ b/builtin/update-ref.c
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 
 static const char * const git_update_ref_usage[] = {
-	"git update-ref [options] -d <refname> [<oldval>]",
-	"git update-ref [options]    <refname> <newval> [<oldval>]",
+	N_("git update-ref [options] -d <refname> [<oldval>]"),
+	N_("git update-ref [options]    <refname> <newval> [<oldval>]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@
 	unsigned char sha1[20], oldsha1[20];
 	int delete = 0, no_deref = 0, flags = 0;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_STRING( 'm', NULL, &msg, "reason", "reason of the update"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('d', NULL, &delete, "deletes the reference"),
+		OPT_STRING( 'm', NULL, &msg, N_("reason"), N_("reason of the update")),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('d', NULL, &delete, N_("delete the reference")),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "no-deref", &no_deref,
-					"update <refname> not the one it points to"),
+					N_("update <refname> not the one it points to")),
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 
diff --git a/builtin/update-server-info.c b/builtin/update-server-info.c
index 0d63c44..6c8cc3e 100644
--- a/builtin/update-server-info.c
+++ b/builtin/update-server-info.c
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 
 static const char * const update_server_info_usage[] = {
-	"git update-server-info [--force]",
+	N_("git update-server-info [--force]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 {
 	int force = 0;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT__FORCE(&force, "update the info files from scratch"),
+		OPT__FORCE(&force, N_("update the info files from scratch")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
diff --git a/builtin/upload-archive.c b/builtin/upload-archive.c
index b928beb..af2da35 100644
--- a/builtin/upload-archive.c
+++ b/builtin/upload-archive.c
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include "pkt-line.h"
 #include "sideband.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
 
 static const char upload_archive_usage[] =
 	"git upload-archive <repo>";
@@ -18,51 +19,31 @@
 
 int cmd_upload_archive_writer(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	const char *sent_argv[MAX_ARGS];
+	struct argv_array sent_argv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
 	const char *arg_cmd = "argument ";
-	char *p, buf[4096];
-	int sent_argc;
-	int len;
 
 	if (argc != 2)
 		usage(upload_archive_usage);
 
-	if (strlen(argv[1]) + 1 > sizeof(buf))
-		die("insanely long repository name");
-
-	strcpy(buf, argv[1]); /* enter-repo smudges its argument */
-
-	if (!enter_repo(buf, 0))
-		die("'%s' does not appear to be a git repository", buf);
+	if (!enter_repo(argv[1], 0))
+		die("'%s' does not appear to be a git repository", argv[1]);
 
 	/* put received options in sent_argv[] */
-	sent_argc = 1;
-	sent_argv[0] = "git-upload-archive";
-	for (p = buf;;) {
-		/* This will die if not enough free space in buf */
-		len = packet_read_line(0, p, (buf + sizeof buf) - p);
-		if (len == 0)
+	argv_array_push(&sent_argv, "git-upload-archive");
+	for (;;) {
+		char *buf = packet_read_line(0, NULL);
+		if (!buf)
 			break;	/* got a flush */
-		if (sent_argc > MAX_ARGS - 2)
-			die("Too many options (>%d)", MAX_ARGS - 2);
+		if (sent_argv.argc > MAX_ARGS)
+			die("Too many options (>%d)", MAX_ARGS - 1);
 
-		if (p[len-1] == '\n') {
-			p[--len] = 0;
-		}
-		if (len < strlen(arg_cmd) ||
-		    strncmp(arg_cmd, p, strlen(arg_cmd)))
+		if (prefixcmp(buf, arg_cmd))
 			die("'argument' token or flush expected");
-
-		len -= strlen(arg_cmd);
-		memmove(p, p + strlen(arg_cmd), len);
-		sent_argv[sent_argc++] = p;
-		p += len;
-		*p++ = 0;
+		argv_array_push(&sent_argv, buf + strlen(arg_cmd));
 	}
-	sent_argv[sent_argc] = NULL;
 
 	/* parse all options sent by the client */
-	return write_archive(sent_argc, sent_argv, prefix, 0, NULL, 1);
+	return write_archive(sent_argv.argc, sent_argv.argv, prefix, 0, NULL, 1);
 }
 
 __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)))
diff --git a/builtin/verify-pack.c b/builtin/verify-pack.c
index e841b4a..66cd2df 100644
--- a/builtin/verify-pack.c
+++ b/builtin/verify-pack.c
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
 }
 
 static const char * const verify_pack_usage[] = {
-	"git verify-pack [-v|--verbose] [-s|--stat-only] <pack>...",
+	N_("git verify-pack [-v|--verbose] [-s|--stat-only] <pack>..."),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -63,9 +63,9 @@
 	unsigned int flags = 0;
 	int i;
 	const struct option verify_pack_options[] = {
-		OPT_BIT('v', "verbose", &flags, "verbose",
+		OPT_BIT('v', "verbose", &flags, N_("verbose"),
 			VERIFY_PACK_VERBOSE),
-		OPT_BIT('s', "stat-only", &flags, "show statistics only",
+		OPT_BIT('s', "stat-only", &flags, N_("show statistics only"),
 			VERIFY_PACK_STAT_ONLY),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
diff --git a/builtin/verify-tag.c b/builtin/verify-tag.c
index 986789f..9cdf332 100644
--- a/builtin/verify-tag.c
+++ b/builtin/verify-tag.c
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 #include "gpg-interface.h"
 
 static const char * const verify_tag_usage[] = {
-		"git verify-tag [-v|--verbose] <tag>...",
+		N_("git verify-tag [-v|--verbose] <tag>..."),
 		NULL
 };
 
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 	if (size == len)
 		return error("no signature found");
 
-	return verify_signed_buffer(buf, len, buf + len, size - len, NULL);
+	return verify_signed_buffer(buf, len, buf + len, size - len, NULL, NULL);
 }
 
 static int verify_tag(const char *name, int verbose)
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@
 {
 	int i = 1, verbose = 0, had_error = 0;
 	const struct option verify_tag_options[] = {
-		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, "print tag contents"),
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("print tag contents")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
diff --git a/builtin/write-tree.c b/builtin/write-tree.c
index b223af4..084c0df 100644
--- a/builtin/write-tree.c
+++ b/builtin/write-tree.c
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 
 static const char * const write_tree_usage[] = {
-	"git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<prefix>/]",
+	N_("git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<prefix>/]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -21,13 +21,13 @@
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	const char *me = "git-write-tree";
 	struct option write_tree_options[] = {
-		OPT_BIT(0, "missing-ok", &flags, "allow missing objects",
+		OPT_BIT(0, "missing-ok", &flags, N_("allow missing objects"),
 			WRITE_TREE_MISSING_OK),
-		{ OPTION_STRING, 0, "prefix", &prefix, "<prefix>/",
-		  "write tree object for a subdirectory <prefix>" ,
+		{ OPTION_STRING, 0, "prefix", &prefix, N_("<prefix>/"),
+		  N_("write tree object for a subdirectory <prefix>") ,
 		  PARSE_OPT_LITERAL_ARGHELP },
 		{ OPTION_BIT, 0, "ignore-cache-tree", &flags, NULL,
-		  "only useful for debugging",
+		  N_("only useful for debugging"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN | PARSE_OPT_NOARG, NULL,
 		  WRITE_TREE_IGNORE_CACHE_TREE },
 		OPT_END()
diff --git a/bundle.c b/bundle.c
index 8d31b98..4b0e5cd 100644
--- a/bundle.c
+++ b/bundle.c
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
 		 * followed by SP and subject line.
 		 */
 		if (get_sha1_hex(buf.buf, sha1) ||
-		    (40 <= buf.len && !isspace(buf.buf[40])) ||
+		    (buf.len > 40 && !isspace(buf.buf[40])) ||
 		    (!is_prereq && buf.len <= 40)) {
 			if (report_path)
 				error(_("unrecognized header: %s%s (%d)"),
@@ -183,17 +183,21 @@
 		struct ref_list *r;
 
 		r = &header->references;
-		printf_ln(Q_("The bundle contains %d ref",
-			     "The bundle contains %d refs",
+		printf_ln(Q_("The bundle contains this ref:",
+			     "The bundle contains these %d refs:",
 			     r->nr),
 			  r->nr);
 		list_refs(r, 0, NULL);
 		r = &header->prerequisites;
-		printf_ln(Q_("The bundle requires this ref",
-			     "The bundle requires these %d refs",
-			     r->nr),
-			  r->nr);
-		list_refs(r, 0, NULL);
+		if (!r->nr) {
+			printf_ln(_("The bundle records a complete history."));
+		} else {
+			printf_ln(Q_("The bundle requires this ref:",
+				     "The bundle requires these %d refs:",
+				     r->nr),
+				  r->nr);
+			list_refs(r, 0, NULL);
+		}
 	}
 	return ret;
 }
@@ -275,12 +279,12 @@
 		if (buf.len > 0 && buf.buf[0] == '-') {
 			write_or_die(bundle_fd, buf.buf, buf.len);
 			if (!get_sha1_hex(buf.buf + 1, sha1)) {
-				struct object *object = parse_object(sha1);
+				struct object *object = parse_object_or_die(sha1, buf.buf);
 				object->flags |= UNINTERESTING;
 				add_pending_object(&revs, object, xstrdup(buf.buf));
 			}
 		} else if (!get_sha1_hex(buf.buf, sha1)) {
-			struct object *object = parse_object(sha1);
+			struct object *object = parse_object_or_die(sha1, buf.buf);
 			object->flags |= SHOWN;
 		}
 	}
@@ -357,7 +361,7 @@
 				 * end up triggering "empty bundle"
 				 * error.
 				 */
-				obj = parse_object(sha1);
+				obj = parse_object_or_die(sha1, e->name);
 				obj->flags |= SHOWN;
 				add_pending_object(&revs, obj, e->name);
 			}
diff --git a/cache-tree.c b/cache-tree.c
index 28ed657..37e4d00 100644
--- a/cache-tree.c
+++ b/cache-tree.c
@@ -166,12 +166,8 @@
 				fprintf(stderr, "...\n");
 				break;
 			}
-			if (ce_stage(ce))
-				fprintf(stderr, "%s: unmerged (%s)\n",
-					ce->name, sha1_to_hex(ce->sha1));
-			else
-				fprintf(stderr, "%s: not added yet\n",
-					ce->name);
+			fprintf(stderr, "%s: unmerged (%s)\n",
+				ce->name, sha1_to_hex(ce->sha1));
 		}
 	}
 	if (funny)
@@ -242,13 +238,17 @@
 		      int entries,
 		      const char *base,
 		      int baselen,
+		      int *skip_count,
 		      int flags)
 {
 	struct strbuf buffer;
 	int missing_ok = flags & WRITE_TREE_MISSING_OK;
 	int dryrun = flags & WRITE_TREE_DRY_RUN;
+	int to_invalidate = 0;
 	int i;
 
+	*skip_count = 0;
+
 	if (0 <= it->entry_count && has_sha1_file(it->sha1))
 		return it->entry_count;
 
@@ -263,11 +263,12 @@
 	/*
 	 * Find the subtrees and update them.
 	 */
-	for (i = 0; i < entries; i++) {
+	i = 0;
+	while (i < entries) {
 		struct cache_entry *ce = cache[i];
 		struct cache_tree_sub *sub;
 		const char *path, *slash;
-		int pathlen, sublen, subcnt;
+		int pathlen, sublen, subcnt, subskip;
 
 		path = ce->name;
 		pathlen = ce_namelen(ce);
@@ -275,8 +276,10 @@
 			break; /* at the end of this level */
 
 		slash = strchr(path + baselen, '/');
-		if (!slash)
+		if (!slash) {
+			i++;
 			continue;
+		}
 		/*
 		 * a/bbb/c (base = a/, slash = /c)
 		 * ==>
@@ -290,10 +293,13 @@
 				    cache + i, entries - i,
 				    path,
 				    baselen + sublen + 1,
+				    &subskip,
 				    flags);
 		if (subcnt < 0)
 			return subcnt;
-		i += subcnt - 1;
+		i += subcnt;
+		sub->count = subcnt; /* to be used in the next loop */
+		*skip_count += subskip;
 		sub->used = 1;
 	}
 
@@ -304,7 +310,8 @@
 	 */
 	strbuf_init(&buffer, 8192);
 
-	for (i = 0; i < entries; i++) {
+	i = 0;
+	while (i < entries) {
 		struct cache_entry *ce = cache[i];
 		struct cache_tree_sub *sub;
 		const char *path, *slash;
@@ -324,14 +331,17 @@
 			if (!sub)
 				die("cache-tree.c: '%.*s' in '%s' not found",
 				    entlen, path + baselen, path);
-			i += sub->cache_tree->entry_count - 1;
+			i += sub->count;
 			sha1 = sub->cache_tree->sha1;
 			mode = S_IFDIR;
+			if (sub->cache_tree->entry_count < 0)
+				to_invalidate = 1;
 		}
 		else {
 			sha1 = ce->sha1;
 			mode = ce->ce_mode;
 			entlen = pathlen - baselen;
+			i++;
 		}
 		if (mode != S_IFGITLINK && !missing_ok && !has_sha1_file(sha1)) {
 			strbuf_release(&buffer);
@@ -339,8 +349,25 @@
 				mode, sha1_to_hex(sha1), entlen+baselen, path);
 		}
 
-		if (ce->ce_flags & (CE_REMOVE | CE_INTENT_TO_ADD))
-			continue; /* entry being removed or placeholder */
+		/*
+		 * CE_REMOVE entries are removed before the index is
+		 * written to disk. Skip them to remain consistent
+		 * with the future on-disk index.
+		 */
+		if (ce->ce_flags & CE_REMOVE) {
+			*skip_count = *skip_count + 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * CE_INTENT_TO_ADD entries exist on on-disk index but
+		 * they are not part of generated trees. Invalidate up
+		 * to root to force cache-tree users to read elsewhere.
+		 */
+		if (ce->ce_flags & CE_INTENT_TO_ADD) {
+			to_invalidate = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
 
 		strbuf_grow(&buffer, entlen + 100);
 		strbuf_addf(&buffer, "%o %.*s%c", mode, entlen, path + baselen, '\0');
@@ -360,7 +387,7 @@
 	}
 
 	strbuf_release(&buffer);
-	it->entry_count = i;
+	it->entry_count = to_invalidate ? -1 : i - *skip_count;
 #if DEBUG
 	fprintf(stderr, "cache-tree update-one (%d ent, %d subtree) %s\n",
 		it->entry_count, it->subtree_nr,
@@ -374,11 +401,11 @@
 		      int entries,
 		      int flags)
 {
-	int i;
+	int i, skip;
 	i = verify_cache(cache, entries, flags);
 	if (i)
 		return i;
-	i = update_one(it, cache, entries, "", 0, flags);
+	i = update_one(it, cache, entries, "", 0, &skip, flags);
 	if (i < 0)
 		return i;
 	return 0;
diff --git a/cache-tree.h b/cache-tree.h
index d8cb2e9..55d0f59 100644
--- a/cache-tree.h
+++ b/cache-tree.h
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 struct cache_tree;
 struct cache_tree_sub {
 	struct cache_tree *cache_tree;
+	int count;		/* internally used by update_one() */
 	int namelen;
 	int used;
 	char name[FLEX_ARRAY];
diff --git a/cache.h b/cache.h
index 06413e1..94ca1ac 100644
--- a/cache.h
+++ b/cache.h
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 
 void git_deflate_init(git_zstream *, int level);
 void git_deflate_init_gzip(git_zstream *, int level);
+void git_deflate_init_raw(git_zstream *, int level);
 void git_deflate_end(git_zstream *);
 int git_deflate_abort(git_zstream *);
 int git_deflate_end_gently(git_zstream *);
@@ -128,13 +129,12 @@
 	unsigned int ce_gid;
 	unsigned int ce_size;
 	unsigned int ce_flags;
+	unsigned int ce_namelen;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	struct cache_entry *next;
-	struct cache_entry *dir_next;
 	char name[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
 };
 
-#define CE_NAMEMASK  (0x0fff)
 #define CE_STAGEMASK (0x3000)
 #define CE_EXTENDED  (0x4000)
 #define CE_VALID     (0x8000)
@@ -162,6 +162,9 @@
 #define CE_UNPACKED          (1 << 24)
 #define CE_NEW_SKIP_WORKTREE (1 << 25)
 
+/* used to temporarily mark paths matched by pathspecs */
+#define CE_MATCHED           (1 << 26)
+
 /*
  * Extended on-disk flags
  */
@@ -198,21 +201,12 @@
 	dst->ce_flags = (dst->ce_flags & ~CE_STATE_MASK) | state;
 }
 
-static inline unsigned create_ce_flags(size_t len, unsigned stage)
+static inline unsigned create_ce_flags(unsigned stage)
 {
-	if (len >= CE_NAMEMASK)
-		len = CE_NAMEMASK;
-	return (len | (stage << CE_STAGESHIFT));
+	return (stage << CE_STAGESHIFT);
 }
 
-static inline size_t ce_namelen(const struct cache_entry *ce)
-{
-	size_t len = ce->ce_flags & CE_NAMEMASK;
-	if (len < CE_NAMEMASK)
-		return len;
-	return strlen(ce->name + CE_NAMEMASK) + CE_NAMEMASK;
-}
-
+#define ce_namelen(ce) ((ce)->ce_namelen)
 #define ce_size(ce) cache_entry_size(ce_namelen(ce))
 #define ce_stage(ce) ((CE_STAGEMASK & (ce)->ce_flags) >> CE_STAGESHIFT)
 #define ce_uptodate(ce) ((ce)->ce_flags & CE_UPTODATE)
@@ -276,25 +270,15 @@
 	unsigned name_hash_initialized : 1,
 		 initialized : 1;
 	struct hash_table name_hash;
+	struct hash_table dir_hash;
 };
 
 extern struct index_state the_index;
 
 /* Name hashing */
 extern void add_name_hash(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce);
-/*
- * We don't actually *remove* it, we can just mark it invalid so that
- * we won't find it in lookups.
- *
- * Not only would we have to search the lists (simple enough), but
- * we'd also have to rehash other hash buckets in case this makes the
- * hash bucket empty (common). So it's much better to just mark
- * it.
- */
-static inline void remove_name_hash(struct cache_entry *ce)
-{
-	ce->ce_flags |= CE_UNHASHED;
-}
+extern void remove_name_hash(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce);
+extern void free_name_hash(struct index_state *istate);
 
 
 #ifndef NO_THE_INDEX_COMPATIBILITY_MACROS
@@ -327,6 +311,7 @@
 #define resolve_undo_clear() resolve_undo_clear_index(&the_index)
 #define unmerge_cache_entry_at(at) unmerge_index_entry_at(&the_index, at)
 #define unmerge_cache(pathspec) unmerge_index(&the_index, pathspec)
+#define read_blob_data_from_cache(path, sz) read_blob_data_from_index(&the_index, (path), (sz))
 #endif
 
 enum object_type {
@@ -350,9 +335,11 @@
 		OBJ_BLOB;
 }
 
+/* Double-check local_repo_env below if you add to this list. */
 #define GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_DIR"
 #define GIT_NAMESPACE_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_NAMESPACE"
 #define GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_WORK_TREE"
+#define GIT_PREFIX_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_PREFIX"
 #define DEFAULT_GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT ".git"
 #define DB_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY"
 #define INDEX_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_INDEX_FILE"
@@ -371,15 +358,27 @@
 #define GIT_NOTES_DISPLAY_REF_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_NOTES_DISPLAY_REF"
 #define GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_REF_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_REF"
 #define GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_MODE_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_MODE"
+#define GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS"
 
 /*
- * Repository-local GIT_* environment variables
- * The array is NULL-terminated to simplify its usage in contexts such
- * environment creation or simple walk of the list.
- * The number of non-NULL entries is available as a macro.
+ * This environment variable is expected to contain a boolean indicating
+ * whether we should or should not treat:
+ *
+ *   GIT_DIR=foo.git git ...
+ *
+ * as if GIT_WORK_TREE=. was given. It's not expected that users will make use
+ * of this, but we use it internally to communicate to sub-processes that we
+ * are in a bare repo. If not set, defaults to true.
  */
-#define LOCAL_REPO_ENV_SIZE 9
-extern const char *const local_repo_env[LOCAL_REPO_ENV_SIZE + 1];
+#define GIT_IMPLICIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_IMPLICIT_WORK_TREE"
+
+/*
+ * Repository-local GIT_* environment variables; these will be cleared
+ * when git spawns a sub-process that runs inside another repository.
+ * The array is NULL-terminated, which makes it easy to pass in the "env"
+ * parameter of a run-command invocation, or to do a simple walk.
+ */
+extern const char * const local_repo_env[];
 
 extern int is_bare_repository_cfg;
 extern int is_bare_repository(void);
@@ -409,8 +408,11 @@
 extern char *prefix_path(const char *prefix, int len, const char *path);
 extern const char *prefix_filename(const char *prefix, int len, const char *path);
 extern int check_filename(const char *prefix, const char *name);
-extern void verify_filename(const char *prefix, const char *name);
+extern void verify_filename(const char *prefix,
+			    const char *name,
+			    int diagnose_misspelt_rev);
 extern void verify_non_filename(const char *prefix, const char *name);
+extern int path_inside_repo(const char *prefix, const char *path);
 
 #define INIT_DB_QUIET 0x0001
 
@@ -464,11 +466,13 @@
 #define ADD_CACHE_IGNORE_ERRORS	4
 #define ADD_CACHE_IGNORE_REMOVAL 8
 #define ADD_CACHE_INTENT 16
+#define ADD_CACHE_IMPLICIT_DOT 32	/* internal to "git add -u/-A" */
 extern int add_to_index(struct index_state *, const char *path, struct stat *, int flags);
 extern int add_file_to_index(struct index_state *, const char *path, int flags);
 extern struct cache_entry *make_cache_entry(unsigned int mode, const unsigned char *sha1, const char *path, int stage, int refresh);
 extern int ce_same_name(struct cache_entry *a, struct cache_entry *b);
 extern int index_name_is_other(const struct index_state *, const char *, int);
+extern void *read_blob_data_from_index(struct index_state *, const char *, unsigned long *);
 
 /* do stat comparison even if CE_VALID is true */
 #define CE_MATCH_IGNORE_VALID		01
@@ -479,6 +483,8 @@
 extern int ie_match_stat(const struct index_state *, struct cache_entry *, struct stat *, unsigned int);
 extern int ie_modified(const struct index_state *, struct cache_entry *, struct stat *, unsigned int);
 
+#define PATHSPEC_ONESTAR 1	/* the pathspec pattern sastisfies GFNM_ONESTAR */
+
 struct pathspec {
 	const char **raw; /* get_pathspec() result, not freed by free_pathspec() */
 	int nr;
@@ -488,7 +494,8 @@
 	struct pathspec_item {
 		const char *match;
 		int len;
-		unsigned int use_wildcard:1;
+		int nowildcard_len;
+		int flags;
 	} *items;
 };
 
@@ -496,6 +503,8 @@
 extern void free_pathspec(struct pathspec *);
 extern int ce_path_match(const struct cache_entry *ce, const struct pathspec *pathspec);
 
+extern int limit_pathspec_to_literal(void);
+
 #define HASH_WRITE_OBJECT 1
 #define HASH_FORMAT_CHECK 2
 extern int index_fd(unsigned char *sha1, int fd, struct stat *st, enum object_type type, const char *path, unsigned flags);
@@ -536,6 +545,7 @@
 /* Environment bits from configuration mechanism */
 extern int trust_executable_bit;
 extern int trust_ctime;
+extern int check_stat;
 extern int quote_path_fully;
 extern int has_symlinks;
 extern int minimum_abbrev, default_abbrev;
@@ -560,6 +570,13 @@
 extern int fsync_object_files;
 extern int core_preload_index;
 extern int core_apply_sparse_checkout;
+extern int precomposed_unicode;
+
+/*
+ * The character that begins a commented line in user-editable file
+ * that is subject to stripspace.
+ */
+extern char comment_line_char;
 
 enum branch_track {
 	BRANCH_TRACK_UNSPECIFIED = -1,
@@ -619,6 +636,8 @@
 	__attribute__((format (printf, 3, 4)));
 extern char *git_pathdup(const char *fmt, ...)
 	__attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)));
+extern char *mkpathdup(const char *fmt, ...)
+	__attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)));
 
 /* Return a statically allocated filename matching the sha1 signature */
 extern char *mkpath(const char *fmt, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)));
@@ -703,11 +722,11 @@
 	PERM_EVERYBODY      = 0664
 };
 int git_config_perm(const char *var, const char *value);
-int set_shared_perm(const char *path, int mode);
-#define adjust_shared_perm(path) set_shared_perm((path), 0)
+int adjust_shared_perm(const char *path);
 int safe_create_leading_directories(char *path);
 int safe_create_leading_directories_const(const char *path);
 int mkdir_in_gitdir(const char *path);
+extern void home_config_paths(char **global, char **xdg, char *file);
 extern char *expand_user_path(const char *path);
 const char *enter_repo(const char *path, int strict);
 static inline int is_absolute_path(const char *path)
@@ -716,10 +735,11 @@
 }
 int is_directory(const char *);
 const char *real_path(const char *path);
+const char *real_path_if_valid(const char *path);
 const char *absolute_path(const char *path);
 const char *relative_path(const char *abs, const char *base);
 int normalize_path_copy(char *dst, const char *src);
-int longest_ancestor_length(const char *path, const char *prefix_list);
+int longest_ancestor_length(const char *path, struct string_list *prefixes);
 char *strip_path_suffix(const char *path, const char *suffix);
 int daemon_avoid_alias(const char *path);
 int offset_1st_component(const char *path);
@@ -783,17 +803,25 @@
 	unsigned mode;
 };
 
+#define GET_SHA1_QUIETLY        01
+#define GET_SHA1_COMMIT         02
+#define GET_SHA1_COMMITTISH     04
+#define GET_SHA1_TREE          010
+#define GET_SHA1_TREEISH       020
+#define GET_SHA1_BLOB	       040
+#define GET_SHA1_ONLY_TO_DIE 04000
+
 extern int get_sha1(const char *str, unsigned char *sha1);
-extern int get_sha1_with_mode_1(const char *str, unsigned char *sha1, unsigned *mode, int only_to_die, const char *prefix);
-static inline int get_sha1_with_mode(const char *str, unsigned char *sha1, unsigned *mode)
-{
-	return get_sha1_with_mode_1(str, sha1, mode, 0, NULL);
-}
-extern int get_sha1_with_context_1(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1, struct object_context *orc, int only_to_die, const char *prefix);
-static inline int get_sha1_with_context(const char *str, unsigned char *sha1, struct object_context *orc)
-{
-	return get_sha1_with_context_1(str, sha1, orc, 0, NULL);
-}
+extern int get_sha1_commit(const char *str, unsigned char *sha1);
+extern int get_sha1_committish(const char *str, unsigned char *sha1);
+extern int get_sha1_tree(const char *str, unsigned char *sha1);
+extern int get_sha1_treeish(const char *str, unsigned char *sha1);
+extern int get_sha1_blob(const char *str, unsigned char *sha1);
+extern void maybe_die_on_misspelt_object_name(const char *name, const char *prefix);
+extern int get_sha1_with_context(const char *str, unsigned flags, unsigned char *sha1, struct object_context *orc);
+
+typedef int each_abbrev_fn(const unsigned char *sha1, void *);
+extern int for_each_abbrev(const char *prefix, each_abbrev_fn, void *);
 
 /*
  * Try to read a SHA1 in hexadecimal format from the 40 characters
@@ -857,6 +885,7 @@
 extern int base_name_compare(const char *name1, int len1, int mode1, const char *name2, int len2, int mode2);
 extern int df_name_compare(const char *name1, int len1, int mode1, const char *name2, int len2, int mode2);
 extern int cache_name_compare(const char *name1, int len1, const char *name2, int len2);
+extern int cache_name_stage_compare(const char *name1, int len1, int stage1, const char *name2, int len2, int stage2);
 
 extern void *read_object_with_reference(const unsigned char *sha1,
 					const char *required_type,
@@ -894,9 +923,7 @@
 extern const char *git_committer_info(int);
 extern const char *fmt_ident(const char *name, const char *email, const char *date_str, int);
 extern const char *fmt_name(const char *name, const char *email);
-extern const char *ident_default_name(void);
 extern const char *ident_default_email(void);
-extern const char *ident_default_date(void);
 extern const char *git_editor(void);
 extern const char *git_pager(int stdout_is_tty);
 extern int git_ident_config(const char *, const char *, void *);
@@ -939,9 +966,7 @@
 extern int has_symlink_leading_path(const char *name, int len);
 extern int threaded_has_symlink_leading_path(struct cache_def *, const char *, int);
 extern int check_leading_path(const char *name, int len);
-extern int threaded_check_leading_path(struct cache_def *cache, const char *name, int len);
 extern int has_dirs_only_path(const char *name, int len, int prefix_len);
-extern int threaded_has_dirs_only_path(struct cache_def *cache, const char *name, int len, int prefix_len);
 extern void schedule_dir_for_removal(const char *name, int len);
 extern void remove_scheduled_dirs(void);
 
@@ -996,15 +1021,20 @@
 	unsigned char old_sha1[20];
 	unsigned char new_sha1[20];
 	char *symref;
-	unsigned int force:1,
+	unsigned int
+		force:1,
+		forced_update:1,
 		merge:1,
-		nonfastforward:1,
-		deletion:1;
+		deletion:1,
+		matched:1;
 	enum {
 		REF_STATUS_NONE = 0,
 		REF_STATUS_OK,
 		REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD,
+		REF_STATUS_REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS,
 		REF_STATUS_REJECT_NODELETE,
+		REF_STATUS_REJECT_FETCH_FIRST,
+		REF_STATUS_REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE,
 		REF_STATUS_UPTODATE,
 		REF_STATUS_REMOTE_REJECT,
 		REF_STATUS_EXPECTING_REPORT
@@ -1028,12 +1058,19 @@
 	int nr, alloc;
 	unsigned char (*array)[20];
 };
-extern struct ref **get_remote_heads(int in, struct ref **list, unsigned int flags, struct extra_have_objects *);
+extern struct ref **get_remote_heads(int in, char *src_buf, size_t src_len,
+				     struct ref **list, unsigned int flags,
+				     struct extra_have_objects *);
 extern int server_supports(const char *feature);
-extern const char *parse_feature_request(const char *features, const char *feature);
+extern int parse_feature_request(const char *features, const char *feature);
+extern const char *server_feature_value(const char *feature, int *len_ret);
+extern const char *parse_feature_value(const char *feature_list, const char *feature, int *len_ret);
 
 extern struct packed_git *parse_pack_index(unsigned char *sha1, const char *idx_path);
 
+/* A hook for count-objects to report invalid files in pack directory */
+extern void (*report_garbage)(const char *desc, const char *path);
+
 extern void prepare_packed_git(void);
 extern void reprepare_packed_git(void);
 extern void install_packed_git(struct packed_git *pack);
@@ -1100,6 +1137,7 @@
 #define CONFIG_NO_WRITE 4
 #define CONFIG_NOTHING_SET 5
 #define CONFIG_INVALID_PATTERN 6
+#define CONFIG_GENERIC_ERROR 7
 
 typedef int (*config_fn_t)(const char *, const char *, void *);
 extern int git_default_config(const char *, const char *, void *);
@@ -1130,6 +1168,9 @@
 extern int git_env_bool(const char *, int);
 extern int git_config_system(void);
 extern int config_error_nonbool(const char *);
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && ! defined(__clang__)
+#define config_error_nonbool(s) (config_error_nonbool(s), -1)
+#endif
 extern const char *get_log_output_encoding(void);
 extern const char *get_commit_output_encoding(void);
 
@@ -1143,15 +1184,28 @@
 #define CONFIG_INCLUDE_INIT { 0 }
 extern int git_config_include(const char *name, const char *value, void *data);
 
-#define IDENT_NAME_GIVEN 01
-#define IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN 02
-#define IDENT_ALL_GIVEN (IDENT_NAME_GIVEN|IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN)
-extern int user_ident_explicitly_given;
-extern int user_ident_sufficiently_given(void);
+/*
+ * Match and parse a config key of the form:
+ *
+ *   section.(subsection.)?key
+ *
+ * (i.e., what gets handed to a config_fn_t). The caller provides the section;
+ * we return -1 if it does not match, 0 otherwise. The subsection and key
+ * out-parameters are filled by the function (and subsection is NULL if it is
+ * missing).
+ */
+extern int parse_config_key(const char *var,
+			    const char *section,
+			    const char **subsection, int *subsection_len,
+			    const char **key);
+
+extern int committer_ident_sufficiently_given(void);
+extern int author_ident_sufficiently_given(void);
 
 extern const char *git_commit_encoding;
 extern const char *git_log_output_encoding;
 extern const char *git_mailmap_file;
+extern const char *git_mailmap_blob;
 
 /* IO helper functions */
 extern void maybe_flush_or_die(FILE *, const char *);
@@ -1177,6 +1231,7 @@
 extern int pager_use_color;
 extern int term_columns(void);
 extern int decimal_width(int);
+extern int check_pager_config(const char *cmd);
 
 extern const char *editor_program;
 extern const char *askpass_program;
@@ -1197,7 +1252,6 @@
 /* trace.c */
 __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)))
 extern void trace_printf(const char *format, ...);
-extern void trace_vprintf(const char *key, const char *format, va_list ap);
 __attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)))
 extern void trace_argv_printf(const char **argv, const char *format, ...);
 extern void trace_repo_setup(const char *prefix);
@@ -1260,8 +1314,15 @@
 };
 extern struct startup_info *startup_info;
 
-/* builtin/merge.c */
-int checkout_fast_forward(const unsigned char *from, const unsigned char *to);
+/* merge.c */
+struct commit_list;
+int try_merge_command(const char *strategy, size_t xopts_nr,
+		const char **xopts, struct commit_list *common,
+		const char *head_arg, struct commit_list *remotes);
+int checkout_fast_forward(const unsigned char *from,
+			  const unsigned char *to,
+			  int overwrite_ignore);
+
 
 int sane_execvp(const char *file, char *const argv[]);
 
diff --git a/combine-diff.c b/combine-diff.c
index 9786680..6dc0609 100644
--- a/combine-diff.c
+++ b/combine-diff.c
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include "diffcore.h"
 #include "quote.h"
 #include "xdiff-interface.h"
+#include "xdiff/xmacros.h"
 #include "log-tree.h"
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "userdiff.h"
@@ -73,16 +74,24 @@
 
 /* Lines lost from parent */
 struct lline {
-	struct lline *next;
+	struct lline *next, *prev;
 	int len;
 	unsigned long parent_map;
 	char line[FLEX_ARRAY];
 };
 
+/* Lines lost from current parent (before coalescing) */
+struct plost {
+	struct lline *lost_head, *lost_tail;
+	int len;
+};
+
 /* Lines surviving in the merge result */
 struct sline {
-	struct lline *lost_head, **lost_tail;
-	struct lline *next_lost;
+	/* Accumulated and coalesced lost lines */
+	struct lline *lost;
+	int lenlost;
+	struct plost plost;
 	char *bol;
 	int len;
 	/* bit 0 up to (N-1) are on if the parent has this line (i.e.
@@ -94,6 +103,172 @@
 	unsigned long *p_lno;
 };
 
+static int match_string_spaces(const char *line1, int len1,
+			       const char *line2, int len2,
+			       long flags)
+{
+	if (flags & XDF_WHITESPACE_FLAGS) {
+		for (; len1 > 0 && XDL_ISSPACE(line1[len1 - 1]); len1--);
+		for (; len2 > 0 && XDL_ISSPACE(line2[len2 - 1]); len2--);
+	}
+
+	if (!(flags & (XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE | XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE_CHANGE)))
+		return (len1 == len2 && !memcmp(line1, line2, len1));
+
+	while (len1 > 0 && len2 > 0) {
+		len1--;
+		len2--;
+		if (XDL_ISSPACE(line1[len1]) || XDL_ISSPACE(line2[len2])) {
+			if ((flags & XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE_CHANGE) &&
+			    (!XDL_ISSPACE(line1[len1]) || !XDL_ISSPACE(line2[len2])))
+				return 0;
+
+			for (; len1 > 0 && XDL_ISSPACE(line1[len1]); len1--);
+			for (; len2 > 0 && XDL_ISSPACE(line2[len2]); len2--);
+		}
+		if (line1[len1] != line2[len2])
+			return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (flags & XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE) {
+		/* Consume remaining spaces */
+		for (; len1 > 0 && XDL_ISSPACE(line1[len1 - 1]); len1--);
+		for (; len2 > 0 && XDL_ISSPACE(line2[len2 - 1]); len2--);
+	}
+
+	/* We matched full line1 and line2 */
+	if (!len1 && !len2)
+		return 1;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+enum coalesce_direction { MATCH, BASE, NEW };
+
+/* Coalesce new lines into base by finding LCS */
+static struct lline *coalesce_lines(struct lline *base, int *lenbase,
+				    struct lline *new, int lennew,
+				    unsigned long parent, long flags)
+{
+	int **lcs;
+	enum coalesce_direction **directions;
+	struct lline *baseend, *newend = NULL;
+	int i, j, origbaselen = *lenbase;
+
+	if (new == NULL)
+		return base;
+
+	if (base == NULL) {
+		*lenbase = lennew;
+		return new;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Coalesce new lines into base by finding the LCS
+	 * - Create the table to run dynamic programing
+	 * - Compute the LCS
+	 * - Then reverse read the direction structure:
+	 *   - If we have MATCH, assign parent to base flag, and consume
+	 *   both baseend and newend
+	 *   - Else if we have BASE, consume baseend
+	 *   - Else if we have NEW, insert newend lline into base and
+	 *   consume newend
+	 */
+	lcs = xcalloc(origbaselen + 1, sizeof(int*));
+	directions = xcalloc(origbaselen + 1, sizeof(enum coalesce_direction*));
+	for (i = 0; i < origbaselen + 1; i++) {
+		lcs[i] = xcalloc(lennew + 1, sizeof(int));
+		directions[i] = xcalloc(lennew + 1, sizeof(enum coalesce_direction));
+		directions[i][0] = BASE;
+	}
+	for (j = 1; j < lennew + 1; j++)
+		directions[0][j] = NEW;
+
+	for (i = 1, baseend = base; i < origbaselen + 1; i++) {
+		for (j = 1, newend = new; j < lennew + 1; j++) {
+			if (match_string_spaces(baseend->line, baseend->len,
+						newend->line, newend->len, flags)) {
+				lcs[i][j] = lcs[i - 1][j - 1] + 1;
+				directions[i][j] = MATCH;
+			} else if (lcs[i][j - 1] >= lcs[i - 1][j]) {
+				lcs[i][j] = lcs[i][j - 1];
+				directions[i][j] = NEW;
+			} else {
+				lcs[i][j] = lcs[i - 1][j];
+				directions[i][j] = BASE;
+			}
+			if (newend->next)
+				newend = newend->next;
+		}
+		if (baseend->next)
+			baseend = baseend->next;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < origbaselen + 1; i++)
+		free(lcs[i]);
+	free(lcs);
+
+	/* At this point, baseend and newend point to the end of each lists */
+	i--;
+	j--;
+	while (i != 0 || j != 0) {
+		if (directions[i][j] == MATCH) {
+			baseend->parent_map |= 1<<parent;
+			baseend = baseend->prev;
+			newend = newend->prev;
+			i--;
+			j--;
+		} else if (directions[i][j] == NEW) {
+			struct lline *lline;
+
+			lline = newend;
+			/* Remove lline from new list and update newend */
+			if (lline->prev)
+				lline->prev->next = lline->next;
+			else
+				new = lline->next;
+			if (lline->next)
+				lline->next->prev = lline->prev;
+
+			newend = lline->prev;
+			j--;
+
+			/* Add lline to base list */
+			if (baseend) {
+				lline->next = baseend->next;
+				lline->prev = baseend;
+				if (lline->prev)
+					lline->prev->next = lline;
+			}
+			else {
+				lline->next = base;
+				base = lline;
+			}
+			(*lenbase)++;
+
+			if (lline->next)
+				lline->next->prev = lline;
+
+		} else {
+			baseend = baseend->prev;
+			i--;
+		}
+	}
+
+	newend = new;
+	while (newend) {
+		struct lline *lline = newend;
+		newend = newend->next;
+		free(lline);
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < origbaselen + 1; i++)
+		free(directions[i]);
+	free(directions);
+
+	return base;
+}
+
 static char *grab_blob(const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned int mode,
 		       unsigned long *size, struct userdiff_driver *textconv,
 		       const char *path)
@@ -111,7 +286,7 @@
 		return xcalloc(1, 1);
 	} else if (textconv) {
 		struct diff_filespec *df = alloc_filespec(path);
-		fill_filespec(df, sha1, mode);
+		fill_filespec(df, sha1, 1, mode);
 		*size = fill_textconv(textconv, df, &blob);
 		free_filespec(df);
 	} else {
@@ -129,29 +304,19 @@
 	if (line[len-1] == '\n')
 		len--;
 
-	/* Check to see if we can squash things */
-	if (sline->lost_head) {
-		lline = sline->next_lost;
-		while (lline) {
-			if (lline->len == len &&
-			    !memcmp(lline->line, line, len)) {
-				lline->parent_map |= this_mask;
-				sline->next_lost = lline->next;
-				return;
-			}
-			lline = lline->next;
-		}
-	}
-
 	lline = xmalloc(sizeof(*lline) + len + 1);
 	lline->len = len;
 	lline->next = NULL;
+	lline->prev = sline->plost.lost_tail;
+	if (lline->prev)
+		lline->prev->next = lline;
+	else
+		sline->plost.lost_head = lline;
+	sline->plost.lost_tail = lline;
+	sline->plost.len++;
 	lline->parent_map = this_mask;
 	memcpy(lline->line, line, len);
 	lline->line[len] = 0;
-	*sline->lost_tail = lline;
-	sline->lost_tail = &lline->next;
-	sline->next_lost = NULL;
 }
 
 struct combine_diff_state {
@@ -194,7 +359,6 @@
 				xcalloc(state->num_parent,
 					sizeof(unsigned long));
 		state->sline[state->nb-1].p_lno[state->n] = state->ob;
-		state->lost_bucket->next_lost = state->lost_bucket->lost_head;
 		return;
 	}
 	if (!state->lost_bucket)
@@ -215,7 +379,7 @@
 			 struct sline *sline, unsigned int cnt, int n,
 			 int num_parent, int result_deleted,
 			 struct userdiff_driver *textconv,
-			 const char *path)
+			 const char *path, long flags)
 {
 	unsigned int p_lno, lno;
 	unsigned long nmask = (1UL << n);
@@ -231,7 +395,7 @@
 	parent_file.ptr = grab_blob(parent, mode, &sz, textconv, path);
 	parent_file.size = sz;
 	memset(&xpp, 0, sizeof(xpp));
-	xpp.flags = 0;
+	xpp.flags = flags;
 	memset(&xecfg, 0, sizeof(xecfg));
 	memset(&state, 0, sizeof(state));
 	state.nmask = nmask;
@@ -255,8 +419,18 @@
 		struct lline *ll;
 		sline[lno].p_lno[n] = p_lno;
 
+		/* Coalesce new lines */
+		if (sline[lno].plost.lost_head) {
+			struct sline *sl = &sline[lno];
+			sl->lost = coalesce_lines(sl->lost, &sl->lenlost,
+						  sl->plost.lost_head,
+						  sl->plost.len, n, flags);
+			sl->plost.lost_head = sl->plost.lost_tail = NULL;
+			sl->plost.len = 0;
+		}
+
 		/* How many lines would this sline advance the p_lno? */
-		ll = sline[lno].lost_head;
+		ll = sline[lno].lost;
 		while (ll) {
 			if (ll->parent_map & nmask)
 				p_lno++; /* '-' means parent had it */
@@ -276,7 +450,7 @@
 	/* If some parents lost lines here, or if we have added to
 	 * some parent, it is interesting.
 	 */
-	return ((sline->flag & all_mask) || sline->lost_head);
+	return ((sline->flag & all_mask) || sline->lost);
 }
 
 static unsigned long adjust_hunk_tail(struct sline *sline,
@@ -344,8 +518,11 @@
 		unsigned long k;
 
 		/* Paint a few lines before the first interesting line. */
-		while (j < i)
-			sline[j++].flag |= mark | no_pre_delete;
+		while (j < i) {
+			if (!(sline[j].flag & mark))
+				sline[j].flag |= no_pre_delete;
+			sline[j++].flag |= mark;
+		}
 
 	again:
 		/* we know up to i is to be included.  where does the
@@ -459,7 +636,7 @@
 		has_interesting = 0;
 		for (j = i; j < hunk_end && !has_interesting; j++) {
 			unsigned long this_diff = sline[j].flag & all_mask;
-			struct lline *ll = sline[j].lost_head;
+			struct lline *ll = sline[j].lost;
 			if (this_diff) {
 				/* This has some changes.  Is it the
 				 * same as others?
@@ -526,7 +703,8 @@
 	       saw_cr_at_eol ? "\r" : "");
 }
 
-static void dump_sline(struct sline *sline, unsigned long cnt, int num_parent,
+static void dump_sline(struct sline *sline, const char *line_prefix,
+		       unsigned long cnt, int num_parent,
 		       int use_color, int result_deleted)
 {
 	unsigned long mark = (1UL<<num_parent);
@@ -582,7 +760,7 @@
 			rlines -= null_context;
 		}
 
-		fputs(c_frag, stdout);
+		printf("%s%s", line_prefix, c_frag);
 		for (i = 0; i <= num_parent; i++) putchar(combine_marker);
 		for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++)
 			show_parent_lno(sline, lno, hunk_end, i, null_context);
@@ -612,9 +790,9 @@
 			int j;
 			unsigned long p_mask;
 			struct sline *sl = &sline[lno++];
-			ll = (sl->flag & no_pre_delete) ? NULL : sl->lost_head;
+			ll = (sl->flag & no_pre_delete) ? NULL : sl->lost;
 			while (ll) {
-				fputs(c_old, stdout);
+				printf("%s%s", line_prefix, c_old);
 				for (j = 0; j < num_parent; j++) {
 					if (ll->parent_map & (1UL<<j))
 						putchar('-');
@@ -627,6 +805,7 @@
 			if (cnt < lno)
 				break;
 			p_mask = 1;
+			fputs(line_prefix, stdout);
 			if (!(sl->flag & (mark-1))) {
 				/*
 				 * This sline was here to hang the
@@ -662,7 +841,7 @@
 	jmask = (1UL<<j);
 
 	for (lno = 0; lno <= cnt; lno++) {
-		struct lline *ll = sline->lost_head;
+		struct lline *ll = sline->lost;
 		sline->p_lno[i] = sline->p_lno[j];
 		while (ll) {
 			if (ll->parent_map & jmask)
@@ -680,11 +859,13 @@
 static void dump_quoted_path(const char *head,
 			     const char *prefix,
 			     const char *path,
+			     const char *line_prefix,
 			     const char *c_meta, const char *c_reset)
 {
 	static struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	strbuf_reset(&buf);
+	strbuf_addstr(&buf, line_prefix);
 	strbuf_addstr(&buf, c_meta);
 	strbuf_addstr(&buf, head);
 	quote_two_c_style(&buf, prefix, path, 0);
@@ -696,6 +877,7 @@
 				 int num_parent,
 				 int dense,
 				 struct rev_info *rev,
+				 const char *line_prefix,
 				 int mode_differs,
 				 int show_file_header)
 {
@@ -714,8 +896,8 @@
 		show_log(rev);
 
 	dump_quoted_path(dense ? "diff --cc " : "diff --combined ",
-			 "", elem->path, c_meta, c_reset);
-	printf("%sindex ", c_meta);
+			 "", elem->path, line_prefix, c_meta, c_reset);
+	printf("%s%sindex ", line_prefix, c_meta);
 	for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++) {
 		abb = find_unique_abbrev(elem->parent[i].sha1,
 					 abbrev);
@@ -734,11 +916,12 @@
 			    DIFF_STATUS_ADDED)
 				added = 0;
 		if (added)
-			printf("%snew file mode %06o",
-			       c_meta, elem->mode);
+			printf("%s%snew file mode %06o",
+			       line_prefix, c_meta, elem->mode);
 		else {
 			if (deleted)
-				printf("%sdeleted file ", c_meta);
+				printf("%s%sdeleted file ",
+				       line_prefix, c_meta);
 			printf("mode ");
 			for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++) {
 				printf("%s%06o", i ? "," : "",
@@ -755,16 +938,16 @@
 
 	if (added)
 		dump_quoted_path("--- ", "", "/dev/null",
-				 c_meta, c_reset);
+				 line_prefix, c_meta, c_reset);
 	else
 		dump_quoted_path("--- ", a_prefix, elem->path,
-				 c_meta, c_reset);
+				 line_prefix, c_meta, c_reset);
 	if (deleted)
 		dump_quoted_path("+++ ", "", "/dev/null",
-				 c_meta, c_reset);
+				 line_prefix, c_meta, c_reset);
 	else
 		dump_quoted_path("+++ ", b_prefix, elem->path,
-				 c_meta, c_reset);
+				 line_prefix, c_meta, c_reset);
 }
 
 static void show_patch_diff(struct combine_diff_path *elem, int num_parent,
@@ -782,6 +965,7 @@
 	struct userdiff_driver *userdiff;
 	struct userdiff_driver *textconv = NULL;
 	int is_binary;
+	const char *line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(opt);
 
 	context = opt->context;
 	userdiff = userdiff_find_by_path(elem->path);
@@ -823,7 +1007,7 @@
 						   &result_size, NULL, NULL);
 		} else if (textconv) {
 			struct diff_filespec *df = alloc_filespec(elem->path);
-			fill_filespec(df, null_sha1, st.st_mode);
+			fill_filespec(df, null_sha1, 0, st.st_mode);
 			result_size = fill_textconv(textconv, df, &result);
 			free_filespec(df);
 		} else if (0 <= (fd = open(elem->path, O_RDONLY))) {
@@ -901,7 +1085,7 @@
 	}
 	if (is_binary) {
 		show_combined_header(elem, num_parent, dense, rev,
-				     mode_differs, 0);
+				     line_prefix, mode_differs, 0);
 		printf("Binary files differ\n");
 		free(result);
 		return;
@@ -916,10 +1100,6 @@
 
 	sline = xcalloc(cnt+2, sizeof(*sline));
 	sline[0].bol = result;
-	for (lno = 0; lno <= cnt + 1; lno++) {
-		sline[lno].lost_tail = &sline[lno].lost_head;
-		sline[lno].flag = 0;
-	}
 	for (lno = 0, cp = result; cp < result + result_size; cp++) {
 		if (*cp == '\n') {
 			sline[lno].len = cp - sline[lno].bol;
@@ -955,22 +1135,22 @@
 				     elem->parent[i].mode,
 				     &result_file, sline,
 				     cnt, i, num_parent, result_deleted,
-				     textconv, elem->path);
+				     textconv, elem->path, opt->xdl_opts);
 	}
 
 	show_hunks = make_hunks(sline, cnt, num_parent, dense);
 
 	if (show_hunks || mode_differs || working_tree_file) {
 		show_combined_header(elem, num_parent, dense, rev,
-				     mode_differs, 1);
-		dump_sline(sline, cnt, num_parent,
+				     line_prefix, mode_differs, 1);
+		dump_sline(sline, line_prefix, cnt, num_parent,
 			   opt->use_color, result_deleted);
 	}
 	free(result);
 
 	for (lno = 0; lno < cnt; lno++) {
-		if (sline[lno].lost_head) {
-			struct lline *ll = sline[lno].lost_head;
+		if (sline[lno].lost) {
+			struct lline *ll = sline[lno].lost;
 			while (ll) {
 				struct lline *tmp = ll;
 				ll = ll->next;
@@ -982,14 +1162,11 @@
 	free(sline);
 }
 
-#define COLONS "::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::"
-
 static void show_raw_diff(struct combine_diff_path *p, int num_parent, struct rev_info *rev)
 {
 	struct diff_options *opt = &rev->diffopt;
-	int i, offset;
-	const char *prefix;
-	int line_termination, inter_name_termination;
+	int line_termination, inter_name_termination, i;
+	const char *line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(opt);
 
 	line_termination = opt->line_termination;
 	inter_name_termination = '\t';
@@ -999,18 +1176,18 @@
 	if (rev->loginfo && !rev->no_commit_id)
 		show_log(rev);
 
+
 	if (opt->output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_RAW) {
-		offset = strlen(COLONS) - num_parent;
-		if (offset < 0)
-			offset = 0;
-		prefix = COLONS + offset;
+		printf("%s", line_prefix);
+
+		/* As many colons as there are parents */
+		for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++)
+			putchar(':');
 
 		/* Show the modes */
-		for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++) {
-			printf("%s%06o", prefix, p->parent[i].mode);
-			prefix = " ";
-		}
-		printf("%s%06o", prefix, p->mode);
+		for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++)
+			printf("%06o ", p->parent[i].mode);
+		printf("%06o", p->mode);
 
 		/* Show sha1's */
 		for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++)
@@ -1040,6 +1217,7 @@
 		       struct rev_info *rev)
 {
 	struct diff_options *opt = &rev->diffopt;
+
 	if (!p->len)
 		return;
 	if (opt->output_format & (DIFF_FORMAT_RAW |
@@ -1127,6 +1305,7 @@
 	int i, num_paths, needsep, show_log_first, num_parent = parents->nr;
 
 	diffopts = *opt;
+	diff_tree_setup_paths(diffopts.pathspec.raw, &diffopts);
 	diffopts.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&diffopts, RECURSIVE);
 	DIFF_OPT_CLR(&diffopts, ALLOW_EXTERNAL);
@@ -1150,8 +1329,10 @@
 
 		if (show_log_first && i == 0) {
 			show_log(rev);
+
 			if (rev->verbose_header && opt->output_format)
-				putchar(opt->line_termination);
+				printf("%s%c", diff_line_prefix(opt),
+				       opt->line_termination);
 		}
 		diff_flush(&diffopts);
 	}
@@ -1179,7 +1360,8 @@
 
 		if (opt->output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH) {
 			if (needsep)
-				putchar(opt->line_termination);
+				printf("%s%c", diff_line_prefix(opt),
+				       opt->line_termination);
 			for (p = paths; p; p = p->next) {
 				if (p->len)
 					show_patch_diff(p, num_parent, dense,
@@ -1194,6 +1376,8 @@
 		paths = paths->next;
 		free(tmp);
 	}
+
+	diff_tree_release_paths(&diffopts);
 }
 
 void diff_tree_combined_merge(const struct commit *commit, int dense,
diff --git a/command-list.txt b/command-list.txt
index 14ea67a..bf83303 100644
--- a/command-list.txt
+++ b/command-list.txt
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 git-bundle                              mainporcelain
 git-cat-file                            plumbinginterrogators
 git-check-attr                          purehelpers
+git-check-ignore                        purehelpers
 git-checkout                            mainporcelain common
 git-checkout-index                      plumbingmanipulators
 git-check-ref-format                    purehelpers
@@ -25,6 +26,9 @@
 git-commit-tree                         plumbingmanipulators
 git-config                              ancillarymanipulators
 git-count-objects                       ancillaryinterrogators
+git-credential                          purehelpers
+git-credential-cache                    purehelpers
+git-credential-store                    purehelpers
 git-cvsexportcommit                     foreignscminterface
 git-cvsimport                           foreignscminterface
 git-cvsserver                           foreignscminterface
@@ -113,6 +117,7 @@
 git-show-branch                         ancillaryinterrogators
 git-show-index                          plumbinginterrogators
 git-show-ref                            plumbinginterrogators
+git-sh-i18n                             purehelpers
 git-sh-setup                            purehelpers
 git-stash                               mainporcelain
 git-status                              mainporcelain common
diff --git a/commit.c b/commit.c
index 8248a99..888e02a 100644
--- a/commit.c
+++ b/commit.c
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@
 #include "gpg-interface.h"
 #include "mergesort.h"
 
+static struct commit_extra_header *read_commit_extra_header_lines(const char *buf, size_t len, const char **);
+
 int save_commit_buffer = 1;
 
 const char *commit_type = "commit";
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	struct commit *commit;
 
-	if (get_sha1(name, sha1))
+	if (get_sha1_committish(name, sha1))
 		return NULL;
 	commit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
 	if (!commit || parse_commit(commit))
@@ -461,14 +463,23 @@
 	}
 }
 
-void clear_commit_marks(struct commit *commit, unsigned int mark)
+void clear_commit_marks_many(int nr, struct commit **commit, unsigned int mark)
 {
 	struct commit_list *list = NULL;
-	commit_list_insert(commit, &list);
+
+	while (nr--) {
+		commit_list_insert(*commit, &list);
+		commit++;
+	}
 	while (list)
 		clear_commit_marks_1(&list, pop_commit(&list), mark);
 }
 
+void clear_commit_marks(struct commit *commit, unsigned int mark)
+{
+	clear_commit_marks_many(1, &commit, mark);
+}
+
 void clear_commit_marks_for_object_array(struct object_array *a, unsigned mark)
 {
 	struct object *object;
@@ -607,30 +618,17 @@
 	return NULL;
 }
 
-static struct commit_list *merge_bases_many(struct commit *one, int n, struct commit **twos)
+/* all input commits in one and twos[] must have been parsed! */
+static struct commit_list *paint_down_to_common(struct commit *one, int n, struct commit **twos)
 {
 	struct commit_list *list = NULL;
 	struct commit_list *result = NULL;
 	int i;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-		if (one == twos[i])
-			/*
-			 * We do not mark this even with RESULT so we do not
-			 * have to clean it up.
-			 */
-			return commit_list_insert(one, &result);
-	}
-
-	if (parse_commit(one))
-		return NULL;
-	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-		if (parse_commit(twos[i]))
-			return NULL;
-	}
-
 	one->object.flags |= PARENT1;
 	commit_list_insert_by_date(one, &list);
+	if (!n)
+		return list;
 	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
 		twos[i]->object.flags |= PARENT2;
 		commit_list_insert_by_date(twos[i], &list);
@@ -669,9 +667,34 @@
 		}
 	}
 
-	/* Clean up the result to remove stale ones */
 	free_commit_list(list);
-	list = result; result = NULL;
+	return result;
+}
+
+static struct commit_list *merge_bases_many(struct commit *one, int n, struct commit **twos)
+{
+	struct commit_list *list = NULL;
+	struct commit_list *result = NULL;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		if (one == twos[i])
+			/*
+			 * We do not mark this even with RESULT so we do not
+			 * have to clean it up.
+			 */
+			return commit_list_insert(one, &result);
+	}
+
+	if (parse_commit(one))
+		return NULL;
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		if (parse_commit(twos[i]))
+			return NULL;
+	}
+
+	list = paint_down_to_common(one, n, twos);
+
 	while (list) {
 		struct commit_list *next = list->next;
 		if (!(list->item->object.flags & STALE))
@@ -709,6 +732,62 @@
 	return ret;
 }
 
+static int remove_redundant(struct commit **array, int cnt)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Some commit in the array may be an ancestor of
+	 * another commit.  Move such commit to the end of
+	 * the array, and return the number of commits that
+	 * are independent from each other.
+	 */
+	struct commit **work;
+	unsigned char *redundant;
+	int *filled_index;
+	int i, j, filled;
+
+	work = xcalloc(cnt, sizeof(*work));
+	redundant = xcalloc(cnt, 1);
+	filled_index = xmalloc(sizeof(*filled_index) * (cnt - 1));
+
+	for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++)
+		parse_commit(array[i]);
+	for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
+		struct commit_list *common;
+
+		if (redundant[i])
+			continue;
+		for (j = filled = 0; j < cnt; j++) {
+			if (i == j || redundant[j])
+				continue;
+			filled_index[filled] = j;
+			work[filled++] = array[j];
+		}
+		common = paint_down_to_common(array[i], filled, work);
+		if (array[i]->object.flags & PARENT2)
+			redundant[i] = 1;
+		for (j = 0; j < filled; j++)
+			if (work[j]->object.flags & PARENT1)
+				redundant[filled_index[j]] = 1;
+		clear_commit_marks(array[i], all_flags);
+		for (j = 0; j < filled; j++)
+			clear_commit_marks(work[j], all_flags);
+		free_commit_list(common);
+	}
+
+	/* Now collect the result */
+	memcpy(work, array, sizeof(*array) * cnt);
+	for (i = filled = 0; i < cnt; i++)
+		if (!redundant[i])
+			array[filled++] = work[i];
+	for (j = filled, i = 0; i < cnt; i++)
+		if (redundant[i])
+			array[j++] = work[i];
+	free(work);
+	free(redundant);
+	free(filled_index);
+	return filled;
+}
+
 struct commit_list *get_merge_bases_many(struct commit *one,
 					 int n,
 					 struct commit **twos,
@@ -717,7 +796,7 @@
 	struct commit_list *list;
 	struct commit **rslt;
 	struct commit_list *result;
-	int cnt, i, j;
+	int cnt, i;
 
 	result = merge_bases_many(one, n, twos);
 	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
@@ -727,8 +806,7 @@
 	if (!result || !result->next) {
 		if (cleanup) {
 			clear_commit_marks(one, all_flags);
-			for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
-				clear_commit_marks(twos[i], all_flags);
+			clear_commit_marks_many(n, twos, all_flags);
 		}
 		return result;
 	}
@@ -746,30 +824,12 @@
 	free_commit_list(result);
 
 	clear_commit_marks(one, all_flags);
-	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
-		clear_commit_marks(twos[i], all_flags);
-	for (i = 0; i < cnt - 1; i++) {
-		for (j = i+1; j < cnt; j++) {
-			if (!rslt[i] || !rslt[j])
-				continue;
-			result = merge_bases_many(rslt[i], 1, &rslt[j]);
-			clear_commit_marks(rslt[i], all_flags);
-			clear_commit_marks(rslt[j], all_flags);
-			for (list = result; list; list = list->next) {
-				if (rslt[i] == list->item)
-					rslt[i] = NULL;
-				if (rslt[j] == list->item)
-					rslt[j] = NULL;
-			}
-		}
-	}
+	clear_commit_marks_many(n, twos, all_flags);
 
-	/* Surviving ones in rslt[] are the independent results */
+	cnt = remove_redundant(rslt, cnt);
 	result = NULL;
-	for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
-		if (rslt[i])
-			commit_list_insert_by_date(rslt[i], &result);
-	}
+	for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++)
+		commit_list_insert_by_date(rslt[i], &result);
 	free(rslt);
 	return result;
 }
@@ -780,6 +840,9 @@
 	return get_merge_bases_many(one, 1, &two, cleanup);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Is "commit" a descendant of one of the elements on the "with_commit" list?
+ */
 int is_descendant_of(struct commit *commit, struct commit_list *with_commit)
 {
 	if (!with_commit)
@@ -789,81 +852,72 @@
 
 		other = with_commit->item;
 		with_commit = with_commit->next;
-		if (in_merge_bases(other, &commit, 1))
+		if (in_merge_bases(other, commit))
 			return 1;
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int in_merge_bases(struct commit *commit, struct commit **reference, int num)
+/*
+ * Is "commit" an ancestor of one of the "references"?
+ */
+int in_merge_bases_many(struct commit *commit, int nr_reference, struct commit **reference)
 {
-	struct commit_list *bases, *b;
-	int ret = 0;
+	struct commit_list *bases;
+	int ret = 0, i;
 
-	if (num == 1)
-		bases = get_merge_bases(commit, *reference, 1);
-	else
-		die("not yet");
-	for (b = bases; b; b = b->next) {
-		if (!hashcmp(commit->object.sha1, b->item->object.sha1)) {
-			ret = 1;
-			break;
-		}
-	}
+	if (parse_commit(commit))
+		return ret;
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_reference; i++)
+		if (parse_commit(reference[i]))
+			return ret;
 
+	bases = paint_down_to_common(commit, nr_reference, reference);
+	if (commit->object.flags & PARENT2)
+		ret = 1;
+	clear_commit_marks(commit, all_flags);
+	clear_commit_marks_many(nr_reference, reference, all_flags);
 	free_commit_list(bases);
 	return ret;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Is "commit" an ancestor of (i.e. reachable from) the "reference"?
+ */
+int in_merge_bases(struct commit *commit, struct commit *reference)
+{
+	return in_merge_bases_many(commit, 1, &reference);
+}
+
 struct commit_list *reduce_heads(struct commit_list *heads)
 {
 	struct commit_list *p;
 	struct commit_list *result = NULL, **tail = &result;
-	struct commit **other;
-	size_t num_head, num_other;
+	struct commit **array;
+	int num_head, i;
 
 	if (!heads)
 		return NULL;
 
-	/* Avoid unnecessary reallocations */
-	for (p = heads, num_head = 0; p; p = p->next)
-		num_head++;
-	other = xcalloc(sizeof(*other), num_head);
-
-	/* For each commit, see if it can be reached by others */
-	for (p = heads; p; p = p->next) {
-		struct commit_list *q, *base;
-
-		/* Do we already have this in the result? */
-		for (q = result; q; q = q->next)
-			if (p->item == q->item)
-				break;
-		if (q)
+	/* Uniquify */
+	for (p = heads; p; p = p->next)
+		p->item->object.flags &= ~STALE;
+	for (p = heads, num_head = 0; p; p = p->next) {
+		if (p->item->object.flags & STALE)
 			continue;
-
-		num_other = 0;
-		for (q = heads; q; q = q->next) {
-			if (p->item == q->item)
-				continue;
-			other[num_other++] = q->item;
-		}
-		if (num_other)
-			base = get_merge_bases_many(p->item, num_other, other, 1);
-		else
-			base = NULL;
-		/*
-		 * If p->item does not have anything common with other
-		 * commits, there won't be any merge base.  If it is
-		 * reachable from some of the others, p->item will be
-		 * the merge base.  If its history is connected with
-		 * others, but p->item is not reachable by others, we
-		 * will get something other than p->item back.
-		 */
-		if (!base || (base->item != p->item))
-			tail = &(commit_list_insert(p->item, tail)->next);
-		free_commit_list(base);
+		p->item->object.flags |= STALE;
+		num_head++;
 	}
-	free(other);
+	array = xcalloc(sizeof(*array), num_head);
+	for (p = heads, i = 0; p; p = p->next) {
+		if (p->item->object.flags & STALE) {
+			array[i++] = p->item;
+			p->item->object.flags &= ~STALE;
+		}
+	}
+	num_head = remove_redundant(array, num_head);
+	for (i = 0; i < num_head; i++)
+		tail = &commit_list_insert(array[i], tail)->next;
 	return result;
 }
 
@@ -987,6 +1041,76 @@
 	free(buf);
 }
 
+static struct {
+	char result;
+	const char *check;
+} sigcheck_gpg_status[] = {
+	{ 'G', "\n[GNUPG:] GOODSIG " },
+	{ 'B', "\n[GNUPG:] BADSIG " },
+	{ 'U', "\n[GNUPG:] TRUST_NEVER" },
+	{ 'U', "\n[GNUPG:] TRUST_UNDEFINED" },
+};
+
+static void parse_gpg_output(struct signature_check *sigc)
+{
+	const char *buf = sigc->gpg_status;
+	int i;
+
+	/* Iterate over all search strings */
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(sigcheck_gpg_status); i++) {
+		const char *found, *next;
+
+		if (!prefixcmp(buf, sigcheck_gpg_status[i].check + 1)) {
+			/* At the very beginning of the buffer */
+			found = buf + strlen(sigcheck_gpg_status[i].check + 1);
+		} else {
+			found = strstr(buf, sigcheck_gpg_status[i].check);
+			if (!found)
+				continue;
+			found += strlen(sigcheck_gpg_status[i].check);
+		}
+		sigc->result = sigcheck_gpg_status[i].result;
+		/* The trust messages are not followed by key/signer information */
+		if (sigc->result != 'U') {
+			sigc->key = xmemdupz(found, 16);
+			found += 17;
+			next = strchrnul(found, '\n');
+			sigc->signer = xmemdupz(found, next - found);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+void check_commit_signature(const struct commit* commit, struct signature_check *sigc)
+{
+	struct strbuf payload = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf signature = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf gpg_output = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf gpg_status = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int status;
+
+	sigc->result = 'N';
+
+	if (parse_signed_commit(commit->object.sha1,
+				&payload, &signature) <= 0)
+		goto out;
+	status = verify_signed_buffer(payload.buf, payload.len,
+				      signature.buf, signature.len,
+				      &gpg_output, &gpg_status);
+	if (status && !gpg_output.len)
+		goto out;
+	sigc->gpg_output = strbuf_detach(&gpg_output, NULL);
+	sigc->gpg_status = strbuf_detach(&gpg_status, NULL);
+	parse_gpg_output(sigc);
+
+ out:
+	strbuf_release(&gpg_status);
+	strbuf_release(&gpg_output);
+	strbuf_release(&payload);
+	strbuf_release(&signature);
+}
+
+
+
 void append_merge_tag_headers(struct commit_list *parents,
 			      struct commit_extra_header ***tail)
 {
@@ -1044,8 +1168,9 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-struct commit_extra_header *read_commit_extra_header_lines(const char *buffer, size_t size,
-							   const char **exclude)
+static struct commit_extra_header *read_commit_extra_header_lines(
+	const char *buffer, size_t size,
+	const char **exclude)
 {
 	struct commit_extra_header *extra = NULL, **tail = &extra, *it = NULL;
 	const char *line, *next, *eof, *eob;
@@ -1112,8 +1237,92 @@
 	return result;
 }
 
+static int find_invalid_utf8(const char *buf, int len)
+{
+	int offset = 0;
+
+	while (len) {
+		unsigned char c = *buf++;
+		int bytes, bad_offset;
+
+		len--;
+		offset++;
+
+		/* Simple US-ASCII? No worries. */
+		if (c < 0x80)
+			continue;
+
+		bad_offset = offset-1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Count how many more high bits set: that's how
+		 * many more bytes this sequence should have.
+		 */
+		bytes = 0;
+		while (c & 0x40) {
+			c <<= 1;
+			bytes++;
+		}
+
+		/* Must be between 1 and 5 more bytes */
+		if (bytes < 1 || bytes > 5)
+			return bad_offset;
+
+		/* Do we *have* that many bytes? */
+		if (len < bytes)
+			return bad_offset;
+
+		offset += bytes;
+		len -= bytes;
+
+		/* And verify that they are good continuation bytes */
+		do {
+			if ((*buf++ & 0xc0) != 0x80)
+				return bad_offset;
+		} while (--bytes);
+
+		/* We could/should check the value and length here too */
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This verifies that the buffer is in proper utf8 format.
+ *
+ * If it isn't, it assumes any non-utf8 characters are Latin1,
+ * and does the conversion.
+ *
+ * Fixme: we should probably also disallow overlong forms and
+ * invalid characters. But we don't do that currently.
+ */
+static int verify_utf8(struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	int ok = 1;
+	long pos = 0;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		int bad;
+		unsigned char c;
+		unsigned char replace[2];
+
+		bad = find_invalid_utf8(buf->buf + pos, buf->len - pos);
+		if (bad < 0)
+			return ok;
+		pos += bad;
+		ok = 0;
+		c = buf->buf[pos];
+		strbuf_remove(buf, pos, 1);
+
+		/* We know 'c' must be in the range 128-255 */
+		replace[0] = 0xc0 + (c >> 6);
+		replace[1] = 0x80 + (c & 0x3f);
+		strbuf_insert(buf, pos, replace, 2);
+		pos += 2;
+	}
+}
+
 static const char commit_utf8_warn[] =
-"Warning: commit message does not conform to UTF-8.\n"
+"Warning: commit message did not conform to UTF-8.\n"
 "You may want to amend it after fixing the message, or set the config\n"
 "variable i18n.commitencoding to the encoding your project uses.\n";
 
@@ -1170,7 +1379,7 @@
 	strbuf_addbuf(&buffer, msg);
 
 	/* And check the encoding */
-	if (encoding_is_utf8 && !is_utf8(buffer.buf))
+	if (encoding_is_utf8 && !verify_utf8(&buffer))
 		fprintf(stderr, commit_utf8_warn);
 
 	if (sign_commit && do_sign_commit(&buffer, sign_commit))
@@ -1226,3 +1435,13 @@
 	new->next = NULL;
 	return &new->next;
 }
+
+void print_commit_list(struct commit_list *list,
+		       const char *format_cur,
+		       const char *format_last)
+{
+	for ( ; list; list = list->next) {
+		const char *format = list->next ? format_cur : format_last;
+		printf(format, sha1_to_hex(list->item->object.sha1));
+	}
+}
diff --git a/commit.h b/commit.h
index d617fa3..6e9c7cd 100644
--- a/commit.h
+++ b/commit.h
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include "tree.h"
 #include "strbuf.h"
 #include "decorate.h"
+#include "gpg-interface.h"
 
 struct commit_list {
 	struct commit *item;
@@ -86,9 +87,11 @@
 	enum date_mode date_mode;
 	unsigned date_mode_explicit:1;
 	int need_8bit_cte;
-	int show_notes;
+	char *notes_message;
 	struct reflog_walk_info *reflog_info;
 	const char *output_encoding;
+	struct string_list *mailmap;
+	int color;
 };
 
 struct userformat_want {
@@ -98,9 +101,9 @@
 extern int has_non_ascii(const char *text);
 struct rev_info; /* in revision.h, it circularly uses enum cmit_fmt */
 extern char *logmsg_reencode(const struct commit *commit,
+			     char **commit_encoding,
 			     const char *output_encoding);
-extern char *reencode_commit_message(const struct commit *commit,
-				     const char **encoding_p);
+extern void logmsg_free(char *msg, const struct commit *commit);
 extern void get_commit_format(const char *arg, struct rev_info *);
 extern const char *format_subject(struct strbuf *sb, const char *msg,
 				  const char *line_separator);
@@ -136,6 +139,7 @@
 struct commit *pop_commit(struct commit_list **stack);
 
 void clear_commit_marks(struct commit *commit, unsigned int mark);
+void clear_commit_marks_many(int nr, struct commit **commit, unsigned int mark);
 void clear_commit_marks_for_object_array(struct object_array *a, unsigned mark);
 
 /*
@@ -163,15 +167,21 @@
 extern struct commit_list *get_merge_bases_many(struct commit *one, int n, struct commit **twos, int cleanup);
 extern struct commit_list *get_octopus_merge_bases(struct commit_list *in);
 
+/* largest positive number a signed 32-bit integer can contain */
+#define INFINITE_DEPTH 0x7fffffff
+
 extern int register_shallow(const unsigned char *sha1);
 extern int unregister_shallow(const unsigned char *sha1);
 extern int for_each_commit_graft(each_commit_graft_fn, void *);
 extern int is_repository_shallow(void);
 extern struct commit_list *get_shallow_commits(struct object_array *heads,
 		int depth, int shallow_flag, int not_shallow_flag);
+extern void check_shallow_file_for_update(void);
+extern void set_alternate_shallow_file(const char *path);
 
 int is_descendant_of(struct commit *, struct commit_list *);
-int in_merge_bases(struct commit *, struct commit **, int);
+int in_merge_bases(struct commit *, struct commit *);
+int in_merge_bases_many(struct commit *, int, struct commit **);
 
 extern int interactive_add(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix, int patch);
 extern int run_add_interactive(const char *revision, const char *patch_mode,
@@ -204,7 +214,6 @@
 				struct commit_extra_header *);
 
 extern struct commit_extra_header *read_commit_extra_headers(struct commit *, const char **);
-extern struct commit_extra_header *read_commit_extra_header_lines(const char *buf, size_t len, const char **);
 
 extern void free_commit_extra_headers(struct commit_extra_header *extra);
 
@@ -223,4 +232,17 @@
 
 extern int parse_signed_commit(const unsigned char *sha1,
 			       struct strbuf *message, struct strbuf *signature);
+extern void print_commit_list(struct commit_list *list,
+			      const char *format_cur,
+			      const char *format_last);
+
+/*
+ * Check the signature of the given commit. The result of the check is stored
+ * in sig->check_result, 'G' for a good signature, 'U' for a good signature
+ * from an untrusted signer, 'B' for a bad signature and 'N' for no signature
+ * at all.  This may allocate memory for sig->gpg_output, sig->gpg_status,
+ * sig->signer and sig->key.
+ */
+extern void check_commit_signature(const struct commit* commit, struct signature_check *sigc);
+
 #endif /* COMMIT_H */
diff --git a/compat/clipped-write.c b/compat/clipped-write.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b8f98ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/clipped-write.c
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#include "../git-compat-util.h"
+#undef write
+
+/*
+ * Version of write that will write at most INT_MAX bytes.
+ * Workaround a xnu bug on Mac OS X
+ */
+ssize_t clipped_write(int fildes, const void *buf, size_t nbyte)
+{
+	if (nbyte > INT_MAX)
+		nbyte = INT_MAX;
+	return write(fildes, buf, nbyte);
+}
diff --git a/compat/cygwin.c b/compat/cygwin.c
index dfe9b30..871b41d 100644
--- a/compat/cygwin.c
+++ b/compat/cygwin.c
@@ -1,8 +1,28 @@
+#define CYGWIN_C
 #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#ifdef CYGWIN_V15_WIN32API
 #include "../git-compat-util.h"
 #include "win32.h"
+#else
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/errno.h>
+#include "win32.h"
+#include "../git-compat-util.h"
+#endif
 #include "../cache.h" /* to read configuration */
 
+/*
+ * Return POSIX permission bits, regardless of core.ignorecygwinfstricks
+ */
+int cygwin_get_st_mode_bits(const char *path, int *mode)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+	if (lstat(path, &st) < 0)
+		return -1;
+	*mode = st.st_mode;
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static inline void filetime_to_timespec(const FILETIME *ft, struct timespec *ts)
 {
 	long long winTime = ((long long)ft->dwHighDateTime << 32) +
diff --git a/compat/cygwin.h b/compat/cygwin.h
index a3229f5..c04965a 100644
--- a/compat/cygwin.h
+++ b/compat/cygwin.h
@@ -4,6 +4,11 @@
 typedef int (*stat_fn_t)(const char*, struct stat*);
 extern stat_fn_t cygwin_stat_fn;
 extern stat_fn_t cygwin_lstat_fn;
+int cygwin_get_st_mode_bits(const char *path, int *mode);
 
+#define get_st_mode_bits(p,m) cygwin_get_st_mode_bits((p),(m))
+#ifndef CYGWIN_C
+/* cygwin.c needs the original lstat() */
 #define stat(path, buf) (*cygwin_stat_fn)(path, buf)
 #define lstat(path, buf) (*cygwin_lstat_fn)(path, buf)
+#endif
diff --git a/compat/fnmatch/fnmatch.c b/compat/fnmatch/fnmatch.c
index 9473aed..5ef0685 100644
--- a/compat/fnmatch/fnmatch.c
+++ b/compat/fnmatch/fnmatch.c
@@ -55,7 +55,8 @@
    program understand `configure --with-gnu-libc' and omit the object files,
    it is simpler to just do this in the source for each such file.  */
 
-#if defined _LIBC || !defined __GNU_LIBRARY__
+#if defined NO_FNMATCH || defined NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD || \
+    defined _LIBC || !defined __GNU_LIBRARY__
 
 
 # if defined STDC_HEADERS || !defined isascii
@@ -135,9 +136,9 @@
 
 # if !defined HAVE___STRCHRNUL && !defined _LIBC
 static char *
-__strchrnul (s, c)
-     const char *s;
-     int c;
+__strchrnul (const char *s, int c)
+
+
 {
   char *result = strchr (s, c);
   if (result == NULL)
@@ -159,11 +160,11 @@
      internal_function;
 static int
 internal_function
-internal_fnmatch (pattern, string, no_leading_period, flags)
-     const char *pattern;
-     const char *string;
-     int no_leading_period;
-     int flags;
+internal_fnmatch (const char *pattern, const char *string, int no_leading_period, int flags)
+
+
+
+
 {
   register const char *p = pattern, *n = string;
   register unsigned char c;
@@ -345,7 +346,7 @@
 
 		    for (;;)
 		      {
-			if (c1 == CHAR_CLASS_MAX_LENGTH)
+			if (c1 > CHAR_CLASS_MAX_LENGTH)
 			  /* The name is too long and therefore the pattern
 			     is ill-formed.  */
 			  return FNM_NOMATCH;
@@ -481,10 +482,10 @@
 
 
 int
-fnmatch (pattern, string, flags)
-     const char *pattern;
-     const char *string;
-     int flags;
+fnmatch (const char *pattern, const char *string, int flags)
+
+
+
 {
   return internal_fnmatch (pattern, string, flags & FNM_PERIOD, flags);
 }
diff --git a/compat/mingw.c b/compat/mingw.c
index afc892d..dae30a0 100644
--- a/compat/mingw.c
+++ b/compat/mingw.c
@@ -256,6 +256,8 @@
 
 	while ((ret = rmdir(pathname)) == -1 && tries < ARRAY_SIZE(delay)) {
 		if (!is_file_in_use_error(GetLastError()))
+			errno = err_win_to_posix(GetLastError());
+		if (errno != EACCES)
 			break;
 		if (!is_dir_empty(pathname)) {
 			errno = ENOTEMPTY;
@@ -271,7 +273,7 @@
 		Sleep(delay[tries]);
 		tries++;
 	}
-	while (ret == -1 && is_file_in_use_error(GetLastError()) &&
+	while (ret == -1 && errno == EACCES && is_file_in_use_error(GetLastError()) &&
 	       ask_yes_no_if_possible("Deletion of directory '%s' failed. "
 			"Should I try again?", pathname))
 	       ret = rmdir(pathname);
@@ -319,6 +321,31 @@
 	return write(fd, buf, min(count, 31 * 1024 * 1024));
 }
 
+static BOOL WINAPI ctrl_ignore(DWORD type)
+{
+	return TRUE;
+}
+
+#undef fgetc
+int mingw_fgetc(FILE *stream)
+{
+	int ch;
+	if (!isatty(_fileno(stream)))
+		return fgetc(stream);
+
+	SetConsoleCtrlHandler(ctrl_ignore, TRUE);
+	while (1) {
+		ch = fgetc(stream);
+		if (ch != EOF || GetLastError() != ERROR_OPERATION_ABORTED)
+			break;
+
+		/* Ctrl+C was pressed, simulate SIGINT and retry */
+		mingw_raise(SIGINT);
+	}
+	SetConsoleCtrlHandler(ctrl_ignore, FALSE);
+	return ch;
+}
+
 #undef fopen
 FILE *mingw_fopen (const char *filename, const char *otype)
 {
@@ -335,6 +362,28 @@
 	return freopen(filename, otype, stream);
 }
 
+#undef fflush
+int mingw_fflush(FILE *stream)
+{
+	int ret = fflush(stream);
+
+	/*
+	 * write() is used behind the scenes of stdio output functions.
+	 * Since git code does not check for errors after each stdio write
+	 * operation, it can happen that write() is called by a later
+	 * stdio function even if an earlier write() call failed. In the
+	 * case of a pipe whose readable end was closed, only the first
+	 * call to write() reports EPIPE on Windows. Subsequent write()
+	 * calls report EINVAL. It is impossible to notice whether this
+	 * fflush invocation triggered such a case, therefore, we have to
+	 * catch all EINVAL errors whole-sale.
+	 */
+	if (ret && errno == EINVAL)
+		errno = EPIPE;
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
 /*
  * The unit of FILETIME is 100-nanoseconds since January 1, 1601, UTC.
  * Returns the 100-nanoseconds ("hekto nanoseconds") since the epoch.
@@ -1524,7 +1573,7 @@
 static HANDLE timer_thread;
 static int timer_interval;
 static int one_shot;
-static sig_handler_t timer_fn = SIG_DFL;
+static sig_handler_t timer_fn = SIG_DFL, sigint_fn = SIG_DFL;
 
 /* The timer works like this:
  * The thread, ticktack(), is a trivial routine that most of the time
@@ -1538,10 +1587,7 @@
 static unsigned __stdcall ticktack(void *dummy)
 {
 	while (WaitForSingleObject(timer_event, timer_interval) == WAIT_TIMEOUT) {
-		if (timer_fn == SIG_DFL)
-			die("Alarm");
-		if (timer_fn != SIG_IGN)
-			timer_fn(SIGALRM);
+		mingw_raise(SIGALRM);
 		if (one_shot)
 			break;
 	}
@@ -1631,13 +1677,52 @@
 #undef signal
 sig_handler_t mingw_signal(int sig, sig_handler_t handler)
 {
-	sig_handler_t old = timer_fn;
-	if (sig != SIGALRM)
+	sig_handler_t old;
+
+	switch (sig) {
+	case SIGALRM:
+		old = timer_fn;
+		timer_fn = handler;
+		break;
+
+	case SIGINT:
+		old = sigint_fn;
+		sigint_fn = handler;
+		break;
+
+	default:
 		return signal(sig, handler);
-	timer_fn = handler;
+	}
+
 	return old;
 }
 
+#undef raise
+int mingw_raise(int sig)
+{
+	switch (sig) {
+	case SIGALRM:
+		if (timer_fn == SIG_DFL) {
+			if (isatty(STDERR_FILENO))
+				fputs("Alarm clock\n", stderr);
+			exit(128 + SIGALRM);
+		} else if (timer_fn != SIG_IGN)
+			timer_fn(SIGALRM);
+		return 0;
+
+	case SIGINT:
+		if (sigint_fn == SIG_DFL)
+			exit(128 + SIGINT);
+		else if (sigint_fn != SIG_IGN)
+			sigint_fn(SIGINT);
+		return 0;
+
+	default:
+		return raise(sig);
+	}
+}
+
+
 static const char *make_backslash_path(const char *path)
 {
 	static char buf[PATH_MAX + 1];
@@ -1699,21 +1784,6 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-char *getpass(const char *prompt)
-{
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-
-	fputs(prompt, stderr);
-	for (;;) {
-		char c = _getch();
-		if (c == '\r' || c == '\n')
-			break;
-		strbuf_addch(&buf, c);
-	}
-	fputs("\n", stderr);
-	return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
-}
-
 pid_t waitpid(pid_t pid, int *status, int options)
 {
 	HANDLE h = OpenProcess(SYNCHRONIZE | PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION,
diff --git a/compat/mingw.h b/compat/mingw.h
index 61a6521..685cd2c 100644
--- a/compat/mingw.h
+++ b/compat/mingw.h
@@ -55,8 +55,6 @@
 	char *pw_dir;
 };
 
-extern char *getpass(const char *prompt);
-
 typedef void (__cdecl *sig_handler_t)(int);
 struct sigaction {
 	sig_handler_t sa_handler;
@@ -179,12 +177,18 @@
 ssize_t mingw_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count);
 #define write mingw_write
 
+int mingw_fgetc(FILE *stream);
+#define fgetc mingw_fgetc
+
 FILE *mingw_fopen (const char *filename, const char *otype);
 #define fopen mingw_fopen
 
 FILE *mingw_freopen (const char *filename, const char *otype, FILE *stream);
 #define freopen mingw_freopen
 
+int mingw_fflush(FILE *stream);
+#define fflush mingw_fflush
+
 char *mingw_getcwd(char *pointer, int len);
 #define getcwd mingw_getcwd
 
@@ -287,6 +291,9 @@
 sig_handler_t mingw_signal(int sig, sig_handler_t handler);
 #define signal mingw_signal
 
+int mingw_raise(int sig);
+#define raise mingw_raise
+
 /*
  * ANSI emulation wrappers
  */
diff --git a/compat/mkdir.c b/compat/mkdir.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9e253fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/mkdir.c
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#include "../git-compat-util.h"
+#undef mkdir
+
+/* for platforms that can't deal with a trailing '/' */
+int compat_mkdir_wo_trailing_slash(const char *dir, mode_t mode)
+{
+	int retval;
+	char *tmp_dir = NULL;
+	size_t len = strlen(dir);
+
+	if (len && dir[len-1] == '/') {
+		if ((tmp_dir = strdup(dir)) == NULL)
+			return -1;
+		tmp_dir[len-1] = '\0';
+	}
+	else
+		tmp_dir = (char *)dir;
+
+	retval = mkdir(tmp_dir, mode);
+	if (tmp_dir != dir)
+		free(tmp_dir);
+
+	return retval;
+}
diff --git a/compat/msvc.h b/compat/msvc.h
index aa4b563..96b6d60 100644
--- a/compat/msvc.h
+++ b/compat/msvc.h
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
 #define __attribute__(x)
 #define strncasecmp  _strnicmp
 #define ftruncate    _chsize
+#define strtoull     _strtoui64
+#define strtoll      _strtoi64
 
 static __inline int strcasecmp (const char *s1, const char *s2)
 {
diff --git a/compat/nedmalloc/Readme.txt b/compat/nedmalloc/Readme.txt
index 8763656..e46d8f1 100644
--- a/compat/nedmalloc/Readme.txt
+++ b/compat/nedmalloc/Readme.txt
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@
 Thanks to Dmitry Chichkov for reporting this. Futher thanks to Aleksey Sanin.
  * Fixed realloc(0, <size>) segfaulting. Thanks to Dmitry Chichkov for
 reporting this.
- * Made config defines #ifndef so they can be overriden by the build system.
+ * Made config defines #ifndef so they can be overridden by the build system.
 Thanks to Aleksey Sanin for suggesting this.
  * Fixed deadlock in nedprealloc() due to unnecessary locking of preferred
 thread mspace when mspace_realloc() always uses the original block's mspace
diff --git a/compat/nedmalloc/malloc.c.h b/compat/nedmalloc/malloc.c.h
index ff7c2c4..1401a67 100644
--- a/compat/nedmalloc/malloc.c.h
+++ b/compat/nedmalloc/malloc.c.h
@@ -4778,7 +4778,7 @@
 
 void dlfree(void* mem) {
   /*
-     Consolidate freed chunks with preceeding or succeeding bordering
+     Consolidate freed chunks with preceding or succeeding bordering
      free chunks, if they exist, and then place in a bin.  Intermixed
      with special cases for top, dv, mmapped chunks, and usage errors.
   */
@@ -5680,10 +5680,10 @@
 	Wolfram Gloger (Gloger@lrz.uni-muenchen.de).
       * Use last_remainder in more cases.
       * Pack bins using idea from  colin@nyx10.cs.du.edu
-      * Use ordered bins instead of best-fit threshhold
+      * Use ordered bins instead of best-fit threshold
       * Eliminate block-local decls to simplify tracing and debugging.
       * Support another case of realloc via move into top
-      * Fix error occuring when initial sbrk_base not word-aligned.
+      * Fix error occurring when initial sbrk_base not word-aligned.
       * Rely on page size for units instead of SBRK_UNIT to
 	avoid surprises about sbrk alignment conventions.
       * Add mallinfo, mallopt. Thanks to Raymond Nijssen
diff --git a/compat/nedmalloc/nedmalloc.c b/compat/nedmalloc/nedmalloc.c
index d9a17a8..91c4e7f 100644
--- a/compat/nedmalloc/nedmalloc.c
+++ b/compat/nedmalloc/nedmalloc.c
@@ -603,7 +603,10 @@
 		}
 		/* We really want to make sure this goes into memory now but we
 		have to be careful of breaking aliasing rules, so write it twice */
-		*((volatile struct malloc_state **) &p->m[end])=p->m[end]=temp;
+		{
+			volatile struct malloc_state **_m=(volatile struct malloc_state **) &p->m[end];
+			*_m=(p->m[end]=temp);
+		}
 		ACQUIRE_LOCK(&p->m[end]->mutex);
 		/*printf("Created mspace idx %d\n", end);*/
 		RELEASE_LOCK(&p->mutex);
diff --git a/compat/obstack.h b/compat/obstack.h
index d178bd6..ceb4bdb 100644
--- a/compat/obstack.h
+++ b/compat/obstack.h
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@
 
 #define __BPTR_ALIGN(B, P, A) ((B) + (((P) - (B) + (A)) & ~(A)))
 
-/* Similiar to _BPTR_ALIGN (B, P, A), except optimize the common case
+/* Similar to _BPTR_ALIGN (B, P, A), except optimize the common case
    where pointers can be converted to integers, aligned as integers,
    and converted back again.  If PTR_INT_TYPE is narrower than a
    pointer (e.g., the AS/400), play it safe and compute the alignment
diff --git a/compat/win32/poll.c b/compat/poll/poll.c
similarity index 97%
rename from compat/win32/poll.c
rename to compat/poll/poll.c
index 403eaa7..7d226ec 100644
--- a/compat/win32/poll.c
+++ b/compat/poll/poll.c
@@ -24,7 +24,9 @@
 # pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wtype-limits"
 #endif
 
-#include <malloc.h>
+#if defined(WIN32)
+# include <malloc.h>
+#endif
 
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
@@ -48,7 +50,9 @@
 #else
 # include <sys/time.h>
 # include <sys/socket.h>
-# include <sys/select.h>
+# ifndef NO_SYS_SELECT_H
+#  include <sys/select.h>
+# endif
 # include <unistd.h>
 #endif
 
@@ -302,6 +306,10 @@
 	       || socket_errno == ECONNABORTED || socket_errno == ENETRESET)
 	happened |= POLLHUP;
 
+      /* some systems can't use recv() on non-socket, including HP NonStop */
+      else if (/* (r == -1) && */ socket_errno == ENOTSOCK)
+	happened |= (POLLIN | POLLRDNORM) & sought;
+
       else
 	happened |= POLLERR;
     }
@@ -349,7 +357,7 @@
 
   /* EFAULT is not necessary to implement, but let's do it in the
      simplest case. */
-  if (!pfd)
+  if (!pfd && nfd)
     {
       errno = EFAULT;
       return -1;
diff --git a/compat/win32/poll.h b/compat/poll/poll.h
similarity index 100%
rename from compat/win32/poll.h
rename to compat/poll/poll.h
diff --git a/compat/precompose_utf8.c b/compat/precompose_utf8.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7980abd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/precompose_utf8.c
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+/*
+ * Converts filenames from decomposed unicode into precomposed unicode.
+ * Used on MacOS X.
+ */
+
+#define PRECOMPOSE_UNICODE_C
+
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+#include "precompose_utf8.h"
+
+typedef char *iconv_ibp;
+static const char *repo_encoding = "UTF-8";
+static const char *path_encoding = "UTF-8-MAC";
+
+static size_t has_non_ascii(const char *s, size_t maxlen, size_t *strlen_c)
+{
+	const uint8_t *ptr = (const uint8_t *)s;
+	size_t strlen_chars = 0;
+	size_t ret = 0;
+
+	if (!ptr || !*ptr)
+		return 0;
+
+	while (*ptr && maxlen) {
+		if (*ptr & 0x80)
+			ret++;
+		strlen_chars++;
+		ptr++;
+		maxlen--;
+	}
+	if (strlen_c)
+		*strlen_c = strlen_chars;
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+
+void probe_utf8_pathname_composition(char *path, int len)
+{
+	static const char *auml_nfc = "\xc3\xa4";
+	static const char *auml_nfd = "\x61\xcc\x88";
+	int output_fd;
+	if (precomposed_unicode != -1)
+		return; /* We found it defined in the global config, respect it */
+	strcpy(path + len, auml_nfc);
+	output_fd = open(path, O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_RDWR, 0600);
+	if (output_fd >= 0) {
+		close(output_fd);
+		strcpy(path + len, auml_nfd);
+		/* Indicate to the user, that we can configure it to true */
+		if (!access(path, R_OK))
+			git_config_set("core.precomposeunicode", "false");
+		/* To be backward compatible, set precomposed_unicode to 0 */
+		precomposed_unicode = 0;
+		strcpy(path + len, auml_nfc);
+		if (unlink(path))
+			die_errno(_("failed to unlink '%s'"), path);
+	}
+}
+
+
+void precompose_argv(int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	int i = 0;
+	const char *oldarg;
+	char *newarg;
+	iconv_t ic_precompose;
+
+	if (precomposed_unicode != 1)
+		return;
+
+	ic_precompose = iconv_open(repo_encoding, path_encoding);
+	if (ic_precompose == (iconv_t) -1)
+		return;
+
+	while (i < argc) {
+		size_t namelen;
+		oldarg = argv[i];
+		if (has_non_ascii(oldarg, (size_t)-1, &namelen)) {
+			newarg = reencode_string_iconv(oldarg, namelen, ic_precompose, NULL);
+			if (newarg)
+				argv[i] = newarg;
+		}
+		i++;
+	}
+	iconv_close(ic_precompose);
+}
+
+
+PREC_DIR *precompose_utf8_opendir(const char *dirname)
+{
+	PREC_DIR *prec_dir = xmalloc(sizeof(PREC_DIR));
+	prec_dir->dirent_nfc = xmalloc(sizeof(dirent_prec_psx));
+	prec_dir->dirent_nfc->max_name_len = sizeof(prec_dir->dirent_nfc->d_name);
+
+	prec_dir->dirp = opendir(dirname);
+	if (!prec_dir->dirp) {
+		free(prec_dir->dirent_nfc);
+		free(prec_dir);
+		return NULL;
+	} else {
+		int ret_errno = errno;
+		prec_dir->ic_precompose = iconv_open(repo_encoding, path_encoding);
+		/* if iconv_open() fails, die() in readdir() if needed */
+		errno = ret_errno;
+	}
+
+	return prec_dir;
+}
+
+struct dirent_prec_psx *precompose_utf8_readdir(PREC_DIR *prec_dir)
+{
+	struct dirent *res;
+	res = readdir(prec_dir->dirp);
+	if (res) {
+		size_t namelenz = strlen(res->d_name) + 1; /* \0 */
+		size_t new_maxlen = namelenz;
+
+		int ret_errno = errno;
+
+		if (new_maxlen > prec_dir->dirent_nfc->max_name_len) {
+			size_t new_len = sizeof(dirent_prec_psx) + new_maxlen -
+				sizeof(prec_dir->dirent_nfc->d_name);
+
+			prec_dir->dirent_nfc = xrealloc(prec_dir->dirent_nfc, new_len);
+			prec_dir->dirent_nfc->max_name_len = new_maxlen;
+		}
+
+		prec_dir->dirent_nfc->d_ino  = res->d_ino;
+		prec_dir->dirent_nfc->d_type = res->d_type;
+
+		if ((precomposed_unicode == 1) && has_non_ascii(res->d_name, (size_t)-1, NULL)) {
+			if (prec_dir->ic_precompose == (iconv_t)-1) {
+				die("iconv_open(%s,%s) failed, but needed:\n"
+						"    precomposed unicode is not supported.\n"
+						"    If you want to use decomposed unicode, run\n"
+						"    \"git config core.precomposeunicode false\"\n",
+						repo_encoding, path_encoding);
+			} else {
+				iconv_ibp	cp = (iconv_ibp)res->d_name;
+				size_t inleft = namelenz;
+				char *outpos = &prec_dir->dirent_nfc->d_name[0];
+				size_t outsz = prec_dir->dirent_nfc->max_name_len;
+				size_t cnt;
+				errno = 0;
+				cnt = iconv(prec_dir->ic_precompose, &cp, &inleft, &outpos, &outsz);
+				if (errno || inleft) {
+					/*
+					 * iconv() failed and errno could be E2BIG, EILSEQ, EINVAL, EBADF
+					 * MacOS X avoids illegal byte sequemces.
+					 * If they occur on a mounted drive (e.g. NFS) it is not worth to
+					 * die() for that, but rather let the user see the original name
+					*/
+					namelenz = 0; /* trigger strlcpy */
+				}
+			}
+		} else
+			namelenz = 0;
+
+		if (!namelenz)
+			strlcpy(prec_dir->dirent_nfc->d_name, res->d_name,
+							prec_dir->dirent_nfc->max_name_len);
+
+		errno = ret_errno;
+		return prec_dir->dirent_nfc;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+
+int precompose_utf8_closedir(PREC_DIR *prec_dir)
+{
+	int ret_value;
+	int ret_errno;
+	ret_value = closedir(prec_dir->dirp);
+	ret_errno = errno;
+	if (prec_dir->ic_precompose != (iconv_t)-1)
+		iconv_close(prec_dir->ic_precompose);
+	free(prec_dir->dirent_nfc);
+	free(prec_dir);
+	errno = ret_errno;
+	return ret_value;
+}
diff --git a/compat/precompose_utf8.h b/compat/precompose_utf8.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b73585
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/precompose_utf8.h
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#ifndef PRECOMPOSE_UNICODE_H
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <iconv.h>
+
+
+typedef struct dirent_prec_psx {
+	ino_t d_ino;            /* Posix */
+	size_t max_name_len;    /* See below */
+	unsigned char d_type;   /* available on all systems git runs on */
+
+	/*
+	 * See http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/basedefs/dirent.h.html
+	 * NAME_MAX + 1 should be enough, but some systems have
+	 * NAME_MAX=255 and strlen(d_name) may return 508 or 510
+	 * Solution: allocate more when needed, see precompose_utf8_readdir()
+	 */
+	char   d_name[NAME_MAX+1];
+} dirent_prec_psx;
+
+
+typedef struct {
+	iconv_t ic_precompose;
+	DIR *dirp;
+	struct dirent_prec_psx *dirent_nfc;
+} PREC_DIR;
+
+void precompose_argv(int argc, const char **argv);
+void probe_utf8_pathname_composition(char *, int);
+
+PREC_DIR *precompose_utf8_opendir(const char *dirname);
+struct dirent_prec_psx *precompose_utf8_readdir(PREC_DIR *dirp);
+int precompose_utf8_closedir(PREC_DIR *dirp);
+
+#ifndef PRECOMPOSE_UNICODE_C
+#define dirent dirent_prec_psx
+#define opendir(n) precompose_utf8_opendir(n)
+#define readdir(d) precompose_utf8_readdir(d)
+#define closedir(d) precompose_utf8_closedir(d)
+#define DIR PREC_DIR
+#endif /* PRECOMPOSE_UNICODE_C */
+
+#define  PRECOMPOSE_UNICODE_H
+#endif /* PRECOMPOSE_UNICODE_H */
diff --git a/compat/regex/regcomp.c b/compat/regex/regcomp.c
index 8c96ed9..d0025bd 100644
--- a/compat/regex/regcomp.c
+++ b/compat/regex/regcomp.c
@@ -2095,7 +2095,7 @@
 
 /* Entry point of the parser.
    Parse the regular expression REGEXP and return the structure tree.
-   If an error is occured, ERR is set by error code, and return NULL.
+   If an error has occurred, ERR is set by error code, and return NULL.
    This function build the following tree, from regular expression <reg_exp>:
 	   CAT
 	   / \
@@ -3715,7 +3715,7 @@
 /* This is intended for the expressions like "a{1,3}".
    Fetch a number from `input', and return the number.
    Return -1, if the number field is empty like "{,1}".
-   Return -2, If an error is occured.  */
+   Return -2, if an error has occurred.  */
 
 static int
 fetch_number (re_string_t *input, re_token_t *token, reg_syntax_t syntax)
diff --git a/compat/regex/regex.c b/compat/regex/regex.c
index 3dd8dfa..6aaae00 100644
--- a/compat/regex/regex.c
+++ b/compat/regex/regex.c
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 #include "config.h"
 #endif
 
-/* Make sure noone compiles this code with a C++ compiler.  */
+/* Make sure no one compiles this code with a C++ compiler.  */
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 # error "This is C code, use a C compiler"
 #endif
diff --git a/compat/regex/regex_internal.c b/compat/regex/regex_internal.c
index 193854c..d4121f2 100644
--- a/compat/regex/regex_internal.c
+++ b/compat/regex/regex_internal.c
@@ -1284,7 +1284,7 @@
 
 /* Insert the new element ELEM to the re_node_set* SET.
    SET should not already have ELEM.
-   return -1 if an error is occured, return 1 otherwise.  */
+   return -1 if an error has occurred, return 1 otherwise.  */
 
 static int
 internal_function
@@ -1341,7 +1341,7 @@
 
 /* Insert the new element ELEM to the re_node_set* SET.
    SET should not already have any element greater than or equal to ELEM.
-   Return -1 if an error is occured, return 1 otherwise.  */
+   Return -1 if an error has occurred, return 1 otherwise.  */
 
 static int
 internal_function
@@ -1416,7 +1416,7 @@
 
 
 /* Add the token TOKEN to dfa->nodes, and return the index of the token.
-   Or return -1, if an error will be occured.  */
+   Or return -1, if an error has occurred.  */
 
 static int
 internal_function
diff --git a/compat/strtok_r.c b/compat/strtok_r.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 7b5d568..0000000
--- a/compat/strtok_r.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-/* Reentrant string tokenizer.  Generic version.
-   Copyright (C) 1991,1996-1999,2001,2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-   This file is part of the GNU C Library.
-
-   The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
-   modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
-   License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
-   version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
-
-   The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
-   Lesser General Public License for more details.
-
-   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
-   License along with the GNU C Library; if not, write to the Free
-   Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA
-   02111-1307 USA.  */
-
-#include "../git-compat-util.h"
-
-/* Parse S into tokens separated by characters in DELIM.
-   If S is NULL, the saved pointer in SAVE_PTR is used as
-   the next starting point.  For example:
-	char s[] = "-abc-=-def";
-	char *sp;
-	x = strtok_r(s, "-", &sp);	// x = "abc", sp = "=-def"
-	x = strtok_r(NULL, "-=", &sp);	// x = "def", sp = NULL
-	x = strtok_r(NULL, "=", &sp);	// x = NULL
-		// s = "abc\0-def\0"
-*/
-char *
-gitstrtok_r (char *s, const char *delim, char **save_ptr)
-{
-  char *token;
-
-  if (s == NULL)
-    s = *save_ptr;
-
-  /* Scan leading delimiters.  */
-  s += strspn (s, delim);
-  if (*s == '\0')
-    {
-      *save_ptr = s;
-      return NULL;
-    }
-
-  /* Find the end of the token.  */
-  token = s;
-  s = strpbrk (token, delim);
-  if (s == NULL)
-    /* This token finishes the string.  */
-    *save_ptr = token + strlen (token);
-  else
-    {
-      /* Terminate the token and make *SAVE_PTR point past it.  */
-      *s = '\0';
-      *save_ptr = s + 1;
-    }
-  return token;
-}
diff --git a/compat/terminal.c b/compat/terminal.c
index 6d16c8f..9b5e3d1 100644
--- a/compat/terminal.c
+++ b/compat/terminal.c
@@ -3,8 +3,22 @@
 #include "sigchain.h"
 #include "strbuf.h"
 
+#if defined(HAVE_DEV_TTY) || defined(WIN32)
+
+static void restore_term(void);
+
+static void restore_term_on_signal(int sig)
+{
+	restore_term();
+	sigchain_pop(sig);
+	raise(sig);
+}
+
 #ifdef HAVE_DEV_TTY
 
+#define INPUT_PATH "/dev/tty"
+#define OUTPUT_PATH "/dev/tty"
+
 static int term_fd = -1;
 static struct termios old_term;
 
@@ -14,57 +28,109 @@
 		return;
 
 	tcsetattr(term_fd, TCSAFLUSH, &old_term);
+	close(term_fd);
 	term_fd = -1;
 }
 
-static void restore_term_on_signal(int sig)
+static int disable_echo(void)
 {
-	restore_term();
-	sigchain_pop(sig);
-	raise(sig);
+	struct termios t;
+
+	term_fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR);
+	if (tcgetattr(term_fd, &t) < 0)
+		goto error;
+
+	old_term = t;
+	sigchain_push_common(restore_term_on_signal);
+
+	t.c_lflag &= ~ECHO;
+	if (!tcsetattr(term_fd, TCSAFLUSH, &t))
+		return 0;
+
+error:
+	close(term_fd);
+	term_fd = -1;
+	return -1;
 }
 
+#elif defined(WIN32)
+
+#define INPUT_PATH "CONIN$"
+#define OUTPUT_PATH "CONOUT$"
+#define FORCE_TEXT "t"
+
+static HANDLE hconin = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+static DWORD cmode;
+
+static void restore_term(void)
+{
+	if (hconin == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+		return;
+
+	SetConsoleMode(hconin, cmode);
+	CloseHandle(hconin);
+	hconin = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+}
+
+static int disable_echo(void)
+{
+	hconin = CreateFile("CONIN$", GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE,
+	    FILE_SHARE_READ, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING,
+	    FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
+	if (hconin == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+		return -1;
+
+	GetConsoleMode(hconin, &cmode);
+	sigchain_push_common(restore_term_on_signal);
+	if (!SetConsoleMode(hconin, cmode & (~ENABLE_ECHO_INPUT))) {
+		CloseHandle(hconin);
+		hconin = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FORCE_TEXT
+#define FORCE_TEXT
+#endif
+
 char *git_terminal_prompt(const char *prompt, int echo)
 {
 	static struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int r;
-	FILE *fh;
+	FILE *input_fh, *output_fh;
 
-	fh = fopen("/dev/tty", "w+");
-	if (!fh)
+	input_fh = fopen(INPUT_PATH, "r" FORCE_TEXT);
+	if (!input_fh)
 		return NULL;
 
-	if (!echo) {
-		struct termios t;
-
-		if (tcgetattr(fileno(fh), &t) < 0) {
-			fclose(fh);
-			return NULL;
-		}
-
-		old_term = t;
-		term_fd = fileno(fh);
-		sigchain_push_common(restore_term_on_signal);
-
-		t.c_lflag &= ~ECHO;
-		if (tcsetattr(fileno(fh), TCSAFLUSH, &t) < 0) {
-			term_fd = -1;
-			fclose(fh);
-			return NULL;
-		}
+	output_fh = fopen(OUTPUT_PATH, "w" FORCE_TEXT);
+	if (!output_fh) {
+		fclose(input_fh);
+		return NULL;
 	}
 
-	fputs(prompt, fh);
-	fflush(fh);
+	if (!echo && disable_echo()) {
+		fclose(input_fh);
+		fclose(output_fh);
+		return NULL;
+	}
 
-	r = strbuf_getline(&buf, fh, '\n');
+	fputs(prompt, output_fh);
+	fflush(output_fh);
+
+	r = strbuf_getline(&buf, input_fh, '\n');
 	if (!echo) {
-		putc('\n', fh);
-		fflush(fh);
+		putc('\n', output_fh);
+		fflush(output_fh);
 	}
 
 	restore_term();
-	fclose(fh);
+	fclose(input_fh);
+	fclose(output_fh);
 
 	if (r == EOF)
 		return NULL;
diff --git a/compat/vcbuild/include/sys/poll.h b/compat/vcbuild/include/sys/poll.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 0d8552a..0000000
--- a/compat/vcbuild/include/sys/poll.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-/* Intentionally empty file to support building git with MSVC */
diff --git a/compat/vcbuild/include/unistd.h b/compat/vcbuild/include/unistd.h
index b14fcf9..c65c2cd 100644
--- a/compat/vcbuild/include/unistd.h
+++ b/compat/vcbuild/include/unistd.h
@@ -49,6 +49,9 @@
 #define INTMAX_MAX  _I64_MAX
 #define UINTMAX_MAX _UI64_MAX
 
+#define UINT32_MAX 0xffffffff  /* 4294967295U */
+
+#define STDIN_FILENO  0
 #define STDOUT_FILENO 1
 #define STDERR_FILENO 2
 
diff --git a/config.c b/config.c
index 71ef171..7a85ebd 100644
--- a/config.c
+++ b/config.c
@@ -10,8 +10,6 @@
 #include "strbuf.h"
 #include "quote.h"
 
-#define MAXNAME (256)
-
 typedef struct config_file {
 	struct config_file *prev;
 	FILE *f;
@@ -19,7 +17,7 @@
 	int linenr;
 	int eof;
 	struct strbuf value;
-	char var[MAXNAME];
+	struct strbuf var;
 } config_file;
 
 static config_file *cf;
@@ -60,7 +58,7 @@
 		path = buf.buf;
 	}
 
-	if (!access(path, R_OK)) {
+	if (!access_or_die(path, R_OK, 0)) {
 		if (++inc->depth > MAX_INCLUDE_DEPTH)
 			die(include_depth_advice, MAX_INCLUDE_DEPTH, path,
 			    cf && cf->name ? cf->name : "the command line");
@@ -260,7 +258,7 @@
 	return isalnum(c) || c == '-';
 }
 
-static int get_value(config_fn_t fn, void *data, char *name, unsigned int len)
+static int get_value(config_fn_t fn, void *data, struct strbuf *name)
 {
 	int c;
 	char *value;
@@ -272,11 +270,9 @@
 			break;
 		if (!iskeychar(c))
 			break;
-		name[len++] = tolower(c);
-		if (len >= MAXNAME)
-			return -1;
+		strbuf_addch(name, tolower(c));
 	}
-	name[len] = 0;
+
 	while (c == ' ' || c == '\t')
 		c = get_next_char();
 
@@ -288,10 +284,10 @@
 		if (!value)
 			return -1;
 	}
-	return fn(name, value, data);
+	return fn(name->buf, value, data);
 }
 
-static int get_extended_base_var(char *name, int baselen, int c)
+static int get_extended_base_var(struct strbuf *name, int c)
 {
 	do {
 		if (c == '\n')
@@ -302,7 +298,7 @@
 	/* We require the format to be '[base "extension"]' */
 	if (c != '"')
 		return -1;
-	name[baselen++] = '.';
+	strbuf_addch(name, '.');
 
 	for (;;) {
 		int c = get_next_char();
@@ -315,37 +311,31 @@
 			if (c == '\n')
 				goto error_incomplete_line;
 		}
-		name[baselen++] = c;
-		if (baselen > MAXNAME / 2)
-			return -1;
+		strbuf_addch(name, c);
 	}
 
 	/* Final ']' */
 	if (get_next_char() != ']')
 		return -1;
-	return baselen;
+	return 0;
 error_incomplete_line:
 	cf->linenr--;
 	return -1;
 }
 
-static int get_base_var(char *name)
+static int get_base_var(struct strbuf *name)
 {
-	int baselen = 0;
-
 	for (;;) {
 		int c = get_next_char();
 		if (cf->eof)
 			return -1;
 		if (c == ']')
-			return baselen;
+			return 0;
 		if (isspace(c))
-			return get_extended_base_var(name, baselen, c);
+			return get_extended_base_var(name, c);
 		if (!iskeychar(c) && c != '.')
 			return -1;
-		if (baselen > MAXNAME / 2)
-			return -1;
-		name[baselen++] = tolower(c);
+		strbuf_addch(name, tolower(c));
 	}
 }
 
@@ -353,7 +343,7 @@
 {
 	int comment = 0;
 	int baselen = 0;
-	char *var = cf->var;
+	struct strbuf *var = &cf->var;
 
 	/* U+FEFF Byte Order Mark in UTF8 */
 	static const unsigned char *utf8_bom = (unsigned char *) "\xef\xbb\xbf";
@@ -389,17 +379,24 @@
 			continue;
 		}
 		if (c == '[') {
-			baselen = get_base_var(var);
-			if (baselen <= 0)
+			/* Reset prior to determining a new stem */
+			strbuf_reset(var);
+			if (get_base_var(var) < 0 || var->len < 1)
 				break;
-			var[baselen++] = '.';
-			var[baselen] = 0;
+			strbuf_addch(var, '.');
+			baselen = var->len;
 			continue;
 		}
 		if (!isalpha(c))
 			break;
-		var[baselen] = tolower(c);
-		if (get_value(fn, data, var, baselen+1) < 0)
+		/*
+		 * Truncate the var name back to the section header
+		 * stem prior to grabbing the suffix part of the name
+		 * and the value.
+		 */
+		strbuf_setlen(var, baselen);
+		strbuf_addch(var, tolower(c));
+		if (get_value(fn, data, var) < 0)
 			break;
 	}
 	die("bad config file line %d in %s", cf->linenr, cf->name);
@@ -569,6 +566,25 @@
 		trust_ctime = git_config_bool(var, value);
 		return 0;
 	}
+	if (!strcmp(var, "core.statinfo") ||
+	    !strcmp(var, "core.checkstat")) {
+		/*
+		 * NEEDSWORK: statinfo was a typo in v1.8.2 that has
+		 * never been advertised.  we will remove it at Git
+		 * 2.0 boundary.
+		 */
+		if (!strcmp(var, "core.statinfo")) {
+			static int warned;
+			if (!warned++) {
+				warning("'core.statinfo' will be removed in Git 2.0; "
+					"use 'core.checkstat' instead.");
+			}
+		}
+		if (!strcasecmp(value, "default"))
+			check_stat = 1;
+		else if (!strcasecmp(value, "minimal"))
+			check_stat = 0;
+	}
 
 	if (!strcmp(var, "core.quotepath")) {
 		quote_path_fully = git_config_bool(var, value);
@@ -720,6 +736,14 @@
 	if (!strcmp(var, "core.editor"))
 		return git_config_string(&editor_program, var, value);
 
+	if (!strcmp(var, "core.commentchar")) {
+		const char *comment;
+		int ret = git_config_string(&comment, var, value);
+		if (!ret)
+			comment_line_char = comment[0];
+		return ret;
+	}
+
 	if (!strcmp(var, "core.askpass"))
 		return git_config_string(&askpass_program, var, value);
 
@@ -758,6 +782,11 @@
 		return 0;
 	}
 
+	if (!strcmp(var, "core.precomposeunicode")) {
+		precomposed_unicode = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
 	/* Add other config variables here and to Documentation/config.txt. */
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -837,6 +866,8 @@
 {
 	if (!strcmp(var, "mailmap.file"))
 		return git_config_string(&git_mailmap_file, var, value);
+	if (!strcmp(var, "mailmap.blob"))
+		return git_config_string(&git_mailmap_blob, var, value);
 
 	/* Add other config variables here and to Documentation/config.txt. */
 	return 0;
@@ -894,12 +925,14 @@
 		top.linenr = 1;
 		top.eof = 0;
 		strbuf_init(&top.value, 1024);
+		strbuf_init(&top.var, 1024);
 		cf = &top;
 
 		ret = git_parse_file(fn, data);
 
 		/* pop config-file parsing state stack */
 		strbuf_release(&top.value);
+		strbuf_release(&top.var);
 		cf = top.prev;
 
 		fclose(f);
@@ -929,25 +962,28 @@
 int git_config_early(config_fn_t fn, void *data, const char *repo_config)
 {
 	int ret = 0, found = 0;
-	const char *home = NULL;
+	char *xdg_config = NULL;
+	char *user_config = NULL;
 
-	if (git_config_system() && !access(git_etc_gitconfig(), R_OK)) {
+	home_config_paths(&user_config, &xdg_config, "config");
+
+	if (git_config_system() && !access_or_die(git_etc_gitconfig(), R_OK, 0)) {
 		ret += git_config_from_file(fn, git_etc_gitconfig(),
 					    data);
 		found += 1;
 	}
 
-	home = getenv("HOME");
-	if (home) {
-		char buf[PATH_MAX];
-		char *user_config = mksnpath(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/.gitconfig", home);
-		if (!access(user_config, R_OK)) {
-			ret += git_config_from_file(fn, user_config, data);
-			found += 1;
-		}
+	if (xdg_config && !access_or_die(xdg_config, R_OK, ACCESS_EACCES_OK)) {
+		ret += git_config_from_file(fn, xdg_config, data);
+		found += 1;
 	}
 
-	if (repo_config && !access(repo_config, R_OK)) {
+	if (user_config && !access_or_die(user_config, R_OK, ACCESS_EACCES_OK)) {
+		ret += git_config_from_file(fn, user_config, data);
+		found += 1;
+	}
+
+	if (repo_config && !access_or_die(repo_config, R_OK, 0)) {
 		ret += git_config_from_file(fn, repo_config, data);
 		found += 1;
 	}
@@ -963,6 +999,8 @@
 		break;
 	}
 
+	free(xdg_config);
+	free(user_config);
 	return ret == 0 ? found : ret;
 }
 
@@ -1270,6 +1308,7 @@
 
 out_free_ret_1:
 	free(*store_key);
+	*store_key = NULL;
 	return -CONFIG_INVALID_KEY;
 }
 
@@ -1650,7 +1689,41 @@
  * Call this to report error for your variable that should not
  * get a boolean value (i.e. "[my] var" means "true").
  */
+#undef config_error_nonbool
 int config_error_nonbool(const char *var)
 {
 	return error("Missing value for '%s'", var);
 }
+
+int parse_config_key(const char *var,
+		     const char *section,
+		     const char **subsection, int *subsection_len,
+		     const char **key)
+{
+	int section_len = strlen(section);
+	const char *dot;
+
+	/* Does it start with "section." ? */
+	if (prefixcmp(var, section) || var[section_len] != '.')
+		return -1;
+
+	/*
+	 * Find the key; we don't know yet if we have a subsection, but we must
+	 * parse backwards from the end, since the subsection may have dots in
+	 * it, too.
+	 */
+	dot = strrchr(var, '.');
+	*key = dot + 1;
+
+	/* Did we have a subsection at all? */
+	if (dot == var + section_len) {
+		*subsection = NULL;
+		*subsection_len = 0;
+	}
+	else {
+		*subsection = var + section_len + 1;
+		*subsection_len = dot - *subsection;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/config.mak.in b/config.mak.in
index b2ba710..e6a6d0f 100644
--- a/config.mak.in
+++ b/config.mak.in
@@ -5,12 +5,11 @@
 CFLAGS = @CFLAGS@
 CPPFLAGS = @CPPFLAGS@
 LDFLAGS = @LDFLAGS@
-CC_LD_DYNPATH = @CC_LD_DYNPATH@
 AR = @AR@
 TAR = @TAR@
 DIFF = @DIFF@
+PACKAGE_TARNAME = @PACKAGE_TARNAME@
 #INSTALL = @INSTALL@		# needs install-sh or install.sh in sources
-TCLTK_PATH = @TCLTK_PATH@
 
 prefix = @prefix@
 exec_prefix = @exec_prefix@
@@ -19,59 +18,7 @@
 datarootdir = @datarootdir@
 template_dir = @datadir@/git-core/templates
 sysconfdir = @sysconfdir@
+docdir = @docdir@
 
-mandir=@mandir@
-
-srcdir = @srcdir@
-VPATH = @srcdir@
-
-export exec_prefix mandir
-export srcdir VPATH
-
-ASCIIDOC7=@ASCIIDOC7@
-NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO=@NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO@
-NO_OPENSSL=@NO_OPENSSL@
-NO_CURL=@NO_CURL@
-NO_EXPAT=@NO_EXPAT@
-NO_LIBGEN_H=@NO_LIBGEN_H@
-HAVE_PATHS_H=@HAVE_PATHS_H@
-HAVE_LIBCHARSET_H=@HAVE_LIBCHARSET_H@
-NO_GETTEXT=@NO_GETTEXT@
-LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL=@LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL@
-NEEDS_LIBICONV=@NEEDS_LIBICONV@
-NEEDS_SOCKET=@NEEDS_SOCKET@
-NEEDS_RESOLV=@NEEDS_RESOLV@
-NEEDS_LIBGEN=@NEEDS_LIBGEN@
-NO_SYS_SELECT_H=@NO_SYS_SELECT_H@
-NO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT=@NO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT@
-NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT=@NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT@
-NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE=@NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE@
-NO_IPV6=@NO_IPV6@
-NO_HSTRERROR=@NO_HSTRERROR@
-NO_STRCASESTR=@NO_STRCASESTR@
-NO_STRTOK_R=@NO_STRTOK_R@
-NO_FNMATCH=@NO_FNMATCH@
-NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD=@NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD@
-NO_MEMMEM=@NO_MEMMEM@
-NO_STRLCPY=@NO_STRLCPY@
-NO_UINTMAX_T=@NO_UINTMAX_T@
-NO_STRTOUMAX=@NO_STRTOUMAX@
-NO_SETENV=@NO_SETENV@
-NO_UNSETENV=@NO_UNSETENV@
-NO_MKDTEMP=@NO_MKDTEMP@
-NO_MKSTEMPS=@NO_MKSTEMPS@
-NO_INET_NTOP=@NO_INET_NTOP@
-NO_INET_PTON=@NO_INET_PTON@
-NO_ICONV=@NO_ICONV@
-OLD_ICONV=@OLD_ICONV@
-NO_REGEX=@NO_REGEX@
-USE_LIBPCRE=@USE_LIBPCRE@
-NO_DEFLATE_BOUND=@NO_DEFLATE_BOUND@
-INLINE=@INLINE@
-SOCKLEN_T=@SOCKLEN_T@
-FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES=@FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES@
-SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS=@SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS@
-NO_PTHREADS=@NO_PTHREADS@
-PTHREAD_CFLAGS=@PTHREAD_CFLAGS@
-PTHREAD_LIBS=@PTHREAD_LIBS@
-CHARSET_LIB=@CHARSET_LIB@
+mandir = @mandir@
+htmldir = @htmldir@
diff --git a/config.mak.uname b/config.mak.uname
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..174703b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/config.mak.uname
@@ -0,0 +1,542 @@
+# Platform specific Makefile tweaks based on uname detection
+
+uname_S := $(shell sh -c 'uname -s 2>/dev/null || echo not')
+uname_M := $(shell sh -c 'uname -m 2>/dev/null || echo not')
+uname_O := $(shell sh -c 'uname -o 2>/dev/null || echo not')
+uname_R := $(shell sh -c 'uname -r 2>/dev/null || echo not')
+uname_P := $(shell sh -c 'uname -p 2>/dev/null || echo not')
+uname_V := $(shell sh -c 'uname -v 2>/dev/null || echo not')
+
+ifdef MSVC
+	# avoid the MingW and Cygwin configuration sections
+	uname_S := Windows
+	uname_O := Windows
+endif
+
+# We choose to avoid "if .. else if .. else .. endif endif"
+# because maintaining the nesting to match is a pain.  If
+# we had "elif" things would have been much nicer...
+
+ifeq ($(uname_M),x86_64)
+	XDL_FAST_HASH = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),OSF1)
+	# Need this for u_short definitions et al
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -D_OSF_SOURCE
+	SOCKLEN_T = int
+	NO_STRTOULL = YesPlease
+	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),Linux)
+	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
+	LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL = YesPlease
+	HAVE_DEV_TTY = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),GNU/kFreeBSD)
+	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
+	DIR_HAS_BSD_GROUP_SEMANTICS = YesPlease
+	LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),UnixWare)
+	CC = cc
+	NEEDS_SOCKET = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_NSL = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	SHELL_PATH = /usr/local/bin/bash
+	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
+	NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -Kthread
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include
+	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/local/lib
+	INSTALL = ginstall
+	TAR = gtar
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),SCO_SV)
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),3.2)
+		CFLAGS = -O2
+	endif
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),5)
+		CC = cc
+		BASIC_CFLAGS += -Kthread
+	endif
+	NEEDS_SOCKET = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_NSL = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	SHELL_PATH = /usr/bin/bash
+	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
+	NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include
+	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/local/lib
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	INSTALL = ginstall
+	TAR = gtar
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),Darwin)
+	NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '[15678]\.'),2)
+		OLD_ICONV = UnfortunatelyYes
+	endif
+	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '[15]\.'),2)
+		NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+	endif
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	USE_ST_TIMESPEC = YesPlease
+	HAVE_DEV_TTY = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_CLIPPED_WRITE = YesPlease
+	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/precompose_utf8.o
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DPRECOMPOSE_UNICODE
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),SunOS)
+	NEEDS_SOCKET = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_NSL = YesPlease
+	SHELL_PATH = /bin/bash
+	SANE_TOOL_PATH = /usr/xpg6/bin:/usr/xpg4/bin
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
+	NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
+	NO_MSGFMT_EXTENDED_OPTIONS = YesPlease
+	HAVE_DEV_TTY = YesPlease
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.6)
+		SOCKLEN_T = int
+		NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
+		NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
+		NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE = YesPlease
+		NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+		NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+		NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
+		GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
+	endif
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.7)
+		NEEDS_RESOLV = YesPlease
+		NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
+		NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE = YesPlease
+		NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+		NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+		NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
+		GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
+	endif
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.8)
+		NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+		NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
+		GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
+	endif
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.9)
+		NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+		NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
+		GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
+	endif
+	INSTALL = /usr/ucb/install
+	TAR = gtar
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -D__EXTENSIONS__ -D__sun__ -DHAVE_ALLOCA_H
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_O),Cygwin)
+	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '1\.[1-6]\.'),4)
+		NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT = YesPlease
+		NO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT = YesPlease
+		NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+		NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+		NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+		NO_SYMLINK_HEAD = YesPlease
+		NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
+		OLD_ICONV = UnfortunatelyYes
+		CYGWIN_V15_WIN32API = YesPlease
+	endif
+	NO_THREAD_SAFE_PREAD = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	NO_FAST_WORKING_DIRECTORY = UnfortunatelyYes
+	NO_TRUSTABLE_FILEMODE = UnfortunatelyYes
+	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
+	# There are conflicting reports about this.
+	# On some boxes NO_MMAP is needed, and not so elsewhere.
+	# Try commenting this out if you suspect MMAP is more efficient
+	NO_MMAP = YesPlease
+	X = .exe
+	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/cygwin.o
+	UNRELIABLE_FSTAT = UnfortunatelyYes
+	SPARSE_FLAGS = -isystem /usr/include/w32api -Wno-one-bit-signed-bitfield
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),FreeBSD)
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	OLD_ICONV = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include
+	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/local/lib
+	DIR_HAS_BSD_GROUP_SEMANTICS = YesPlease
+	USE_ST_TIMESPEC = YesPlease
+	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '4\.'),2)
+		PTHREAD_LIBS = -pthread
+		NO_UINTMAX_T = YesPlease
+		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
+	endif
+	PYTHON_PATH = /usr/local/bin/python
+	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),OpenBSD)
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	USE_ST_TIMESPEC = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include
+	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/local/lib
+	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),NetBSD)
+	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '[01]\.'),2)
+		NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	endif
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/pkg/include
+	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/pkg/lib $(CC_LD_DYNPATH)/usr/pkg/lib
+	USE_ST_TIMESPEC = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),AIX)
+	DEFAULT_PAGER = more
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
+	FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES = UnfortunatelyYes
+	INTERNAL_QSORT = UnfortunatelyYes
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -D_LARGE_FILES
+	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_V)" : '[1234]'),1)
+		NO_PTHREADS = YesPlease
+	else
+		PTHREAD_LIBS = -lpthread
+	endif
+	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_V).$(uname_R)" : '5\.1'),3)
+		INLINE = ''
+	endif
+	GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),GNU)
+	# GNU/Hurd
+	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
+	LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),IRIX)
+	NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	# When compiled with the MIPSpro 7.4.4m compiler, and without pthreads
+	# (i.e. NO_PTHREADS is set), and _with_ MMAP (i.e. NO_MMAP is not set),
+	# git dies with a segmentation fault when trying to access the first
+	# entry of a reflog.  The conservative choice is made to always set
+	# NO_MMAP.  If you suspect that your compiler is not affected by this
+	# issue, comment out the NO_MMAP statement.
+	NO_MMAP = YesPlease
+	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
+	NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
+	SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS = YesPlease
+	SHELL_PATH = /usr/gnu/bin/bash
+	NEEDS_LIBGEN = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),IRIX64)
+	NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	# When compiled with the MIPSpro 7.4.4m compiler, and without pthreads
+	# (i.e. NO_PTHREADS is set), and _with_ MMAP (i.e. NO_MMAP is not set),
+	# git dies with a segmentation fault when trying to access the first
+	# entry of a reflog.  The conservative choice is made to always set
+	# NO_MMAP.  If you suspect that your compiler is not affected by this
+	# issue, comment out the NO_MMAP statement.
+	NO_MMAP = YesPlease
+	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
+	NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
+	SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS = YesPlease
+	SHELL_PATH = /usr/gnu/bin/bash
+	NEEDS_LIBGEN = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),HP-UX)
+	INLINE = __inline
+	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
+	NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
+	NO_SYS_SELECT_H = YesPlease
+	NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
+	SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS = YesPlease
+	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),B.11.00)
+		NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
+		NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
+	endif
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),B.10.20)
+		# Override HP-UX 11.x setting:
+		INLINE =
+		SOCKLEN_T = size_t
+		NO_PREAD = YesPlease
+		NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
+		NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
+	endif
+	GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),Windows)
+	GIT_VERSION := $(GIT_VERSION).MSVC
+	pathsep = ;
+	NO_PREAD = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL = YesPlease
+	NO_LIBGEN_H = YesPlease
+	NO_POLL = YesPlease
+	NO_SYMLINK_HEAD = YesPlease
+	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
+	NO_UNIX_SOCKETS = YesPlease
+	NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+	NO_FNMATCH = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	# NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	NO_ICONV = YesPlease
+	NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS = YesPlease
+	NO_SVN_TESTS = YesPlease
+	NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER = YesPlease
+	RUNTIME_PREFIX = YesPlease
+	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
+	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
+	USE_WIN32_MMAP = YesPlease
+	# USE_NED_ALLOCATOR = YesPlease
+	UNRELIABLE_FSTAT = UnfortunatelyYes
+	OBJECT_CREATION_USES_RENAMES = UnfortunatelyNeedsTo
+	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
+	NO_CURL = YesPlease
+	NO_PYTHON = YesPlease
+	BLK_SHA1 = YesPlease
+	ETAGS_TARGET = ETAGS
+	NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
+	NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
+	NO_POSIX_GOODIES = UnfortunatelyYes
+	NATIVE_CRLF = YesPlease
+	DEFAULT_HELP_FORMAT = html
+
+	CC = compat/vcbuild/scripts/clink.pl
+	AR = compat/vcbuild/scripts/lib.pl
+	CFLAGS =
+	BASIC_CFLAGS = -nologo -I. -I../zlib -Icompat/vcbuild -Icompat/vcbuild/include -DWIN32 -D_CONSOLE -DHAVE_STRING_H -D_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS -D_CRT_NONSTDC_NO_DEPRECATE
+	COMPAT_OBJS = compat/msvc.o compat/winansi.o \
+		compat/win32/pthread.o compat/win32/syslog.o \
+		compat/win32/dirent.o
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS = -D__USE_MINGW_ACCESS -DNOGDI -DHAVE_STRING_H -DHAVE_ALLOCA_H -Icompat -Icompat/regex -Icompat/win32 -DSTRIP_EXTENSION=\".exe\"
+	BASIC_LDFLAGS = -IGNORE:4217 -IGNORE:4049 -NOLOGO -SUBSYSTEM:CONSOLE -NODEFAULTLIB:MSVCRT.lib
+	EXTLIBS = user32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib wininet.lib ws2_32.lib
+	PTHREAD_LIBS =
+	lib =
+ifndef DEBUG
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -GL -Os -MT
+	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -LTCG
+	AR += -LTCG
+else
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -Zi -MTd
+endif
+	X = .exe
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),Interix)
+	NO_INITGROUPS = YesPlease
+	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
+	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),3.5)
+		NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
+		NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
+		NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE = YesPlease
+		NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
+	endif
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.2)
+		NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
+		NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
+		NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE = YesPlease
+		NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
+	endif
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),Minix)
+	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
+	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
+	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_LIBGEN =
+	NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_IDN_WITH_CURL = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CURL = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_RESOLV =
+	NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
+	NO_MMAP = YesPlease
+	NO_CURL =
+	NO_EXPAT =
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),NONSTOP_KERNEL)
+	# Needs some C99 features, "inline" is just one of them.
+	# INLINE='' would just replace one set of warnings with another and
+	# still not compile in c89 mode, due to non-const array initializations.
+	CC = cc -c99
+	# Disable all optimization, seems to result in bad code, with -O or -O2
+	# or even -O1 (default), /usr/local/libexec/git-core/git-pack-objects
+	# abends on "git push". Needs more investigation.
+	CFLAGS = -g -O0
+	# We'd want it to be here.
+	prefix = /usr/local
+	# Our's are in ${prefix}/bin (perl might also be in /usr/bin/perl).
+	PERL_PATH = ${prefix}/bin/perl
+	PYTHON_PATH = ${prefix}/bin/python
+
+	# As detected by './configure'.
+	# Missdetected, hence commented out, see below.
+	#NO_CURL = YesPlease
+	# Added manually, see above.
+	NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CURL = YesPlease
+	HAVE_LIBCHARSET_H = YesPlease
+	HAVE_STRINGS_H = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_LIBINTL_BEFORE_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	NO_SYS_SELECT_H = UnfortunatelyYes
+	NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT = YesPlease
+	NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+	NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	# Currently libiconv-1.9.1.
+	OLD_ICONV = UnfortunatelyYes
+	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
+	NO_PTHREADS = UnfortunatelyYes
+
+	# Not detected (nor checked for) by './configure'.
+	# We don't have SA_RESTART on NonStop, unfortunalety.
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DSA_RESTART=0
+	# Apparently needed in compat/fnmatch/fnmatch.c.
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DHAVE_STRING_H=1
+	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
+	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
+	NO_PREAD = YesPlease
+	NO_MMAP = YesPlease
+	NO_POLL = YesPlease
+	NO_INTPTR_T = UnfortunatelyYes
+	# Bug report 10-120822-4477 submitted to HP NonStop development.
+	MKDIR_WO_TRAILING_SLASH = YesPlease
+	# RFE 10-120912-4693 submitted to HP NonStop development.
+	NO_SETITIMER = UnfortunatelyYes
+	SANE_TOOL_PATH = /usr/coreutils/bin:/usr/local/bin
+	SHELL_PATH = /usr/local/bin/bash
+	# as of H06.25/J06.14, we might better use this
+	#SHELL_PATH = /usr/coreutils/bin/bash
+endif
+ifneq (,$(findstring MINGW,$(uname_S)))
+	pathsep = ;
+	NO_PREAD = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL = YesPlease
+	NO_LIBGEN_H = YesPlease
+	NO_POLL = YesPlease
+	NO_SYMLINK_HEAD = YesPlease
+	NO_UNIX_SOCKETS = YesPlease
+	NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+	NO_FNMATCH = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	OLD_ICONV = YesPlease
+	NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	NO_SVN_TESTS = YesPlease
+	NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER = YesPlease
+	RUNTIME_PREFIX = YesPlease
+	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
+	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
+	USE_WIN32_MMAP = YesPlease
+	USE_NED_ALLOCATOR = YesPlease
+	UNRELIABLE_FSTAT = UnfortunatelyYes
+	OBJECT_CREATION_USES_RENAMES = UnfortunatelyNeedsTo
+	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
+	NO_PYTHON = YesPlease
+	BLK_SHA1 = YesPlease
+	ETAGS_TARGET = ETAGS
+	NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
+	NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
+	NO_POSIX_GOODIES = UnfortunatelyYes
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -D__USE_MINGW_ACCESS -DNOGDI -Icompat -Icompat/win32
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DSTRIP_EXTENSION=\".exe\"
+	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/mingw.o compat/winansi.o \
+		compat/win32/pthread.o compat/win32/syslog.o \
+		compat/win32/dirent.o
+	EXTLIBS += -lws2_32
+	PTHREAD_LIBS =
+	NATIVE_CRLF = YesPlease
+	X = .exe
+	SPARSE_FLAGS = -Wno-one-bit-signed-bitfield
+ifneq (,$(wildcard ../THIS_IS_MSYSGIT))
+	htmldir = doc/git/html/
+	prefix =
+	INSTALL = /bin/install
+	EXTLIBS += /mingw/lib/libz.a
+	NO_R_TO_GCC_LINKER = YesPlease
+	INTERNAL_QSORT = YesPlease
+	HAVE_LIBCHARSET_H = YesPlease
+else
+	NO_CURL = YesPlease
+endif
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),QNX)
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DSA_RESTART=0
+	EXPAT_NEEDS_XMLPARSE_H = YesPlease
+	HAVE_STRINGS_H = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_SOCKET = YesPlease
+	NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
+	NO_GETPAGESIZE = YesPlease
+	NO_ICONV = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
+	NO_PTHREADS = YesPlease
+	NO_R_TO_GCC_LINKER = YesPlease
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+endif
diff --git a/configure.ac b/configure.ac
index e125550..2f43393 100644
--- a/configure.ac
+++ b/configure.ac
@@ -3,11 +3,25 @@
 
 ## Definitions of private macros.
 
-# GIT_CONF_APPEND_LINE(LINE)
-# --------------------------
-# Append LINE to file ${config_append}
-AC_DEFUN([GIT_CONF_APPEND_LINE],
-         [echo "$1" >> "${config_append}"])
+# GIT_CONF_SUBST(VAL, VAR)
+# ------------------------
+# Cause the line "VAR=VAL" to be eventually appended to ${config_file}.
+AC_DEFUN([GIT_CONF_SUBST],
+[AC_REQUIRE([GIT_CONF_SUBST_INIT])
+config_appended_defs="$config_appended_defs${newline}dnl
+$1=m4_if([$#],[1],[${$1}],[$2])"])
+
+# GIT_CONF_SUBST_INIT
+# -------------------
+# Prepare shell variables and autoconf machine required by later calls
+# to GIT_CONF_SUBST.
+AC_DEFUN([GIT_CONF_SUBST_INIT],
+    [config_appended_defs=; newline='
+'
+    AC_CONFIG_COMMANDS([$config_file],
+                       [echo "$config_appended_defs" >> "$config_file"],
+                       [config_file=$config_file
+                        config_appended_defs="$config_appended_defs"])])
 
 # GIT_ARG_SET_PATH(PROGRAM)
 # -------------------------
@@ -29,13 +43,12 @@
 # --without-PROGRAM is used.
 AC_DEFUN([GIT_CONF_APPEND_PATH],
     [m4_pushdef([GIT_UC_PROGRAM], m4_toupper([$1]))dnl
-    PROGRAM=GIT_UC_PROGRAM
     if test "$withval" = "no"; then
 	if test -n "$2"; then
 		GIT_UC_PROGRAM[]_PATH=$withval
-		AC_MSG_NOTICE([Disabling use of ${PROGRAM}])
-		GIT_CONF_APPEND_LINE(NO_${PROGRAM}=YesPlease)
-		GIT_CONF_APPEND_LINE(${PROGRAM}_PATH=)
+		AC_MSG_NOTICE([Disabling use of GIT_UC_PROGRAM])
+		GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_]GIT_UC_PROGRAM, [YesPlease])
+		GIT_CONF_SUBST(GIT_UC_PROGRAM[]_PATH, [])
 	else
 		AC_MSG_ERROR([You cannot use git without $1])
 	fi
@@ -45,7 +58,7 @@
 	else
 		GIT_UC_PROGRAM[]_PATH=$withval
 		AC_MSG_NOTICE([Setting GIT_UC_PROGRAM[]_PATH to $withval])
-		GIT_CONF_APPEND_LINE(${PROGRAM}_PATH=$withval)
+		GIT_CONF_SUBST(GIT_UC_PROGRAM[]_PATH, [$withval])
 	fi
     fi
     m4_popdef([GIT_UC_PROGRAM])])
@@ -58,7 +71,6 @@
 # * Unset NO_PACKAGE for --with-PACKAGE without ARG
 AC_DEFUN([GIT_PARSE_WITH],
     [m4_pushdef([GIT_UC_PACKAGE], m4_toupper([$1]))dnl
-    PACKAGE=GIT_UC_PACKAGE
     if test "$withval" = "no"; then
 	NO_[]GIT_UC_PACKAGE=YesPlease
     elif test "$withval" = "yes"; then
@@ -67,7 +79,7 @@
 	NO_[]GIT_UC_PACKAGE=
 	GIT_UC_PACKAGE[]DIR=$withval
 	AC_MSG_NOTICE([Setting GIT_UC_PACKAGE[]DIR to $withval])
-	GIT_CONF_APPEND_LINE(${PACKAGE}DIR=$withval)
+	GIT_CONF_SUBST(GIT_UC_PACKAGE[DIR], [$withval])
     fi
     m4_popdef([GIT_UC_PACKAGE])])
 
@@ -87,7 +99,7 @@
 		     [a value for $1 ($2).  Maybe you do...?])
   fi
   AC_MSG_NOTICE([Setting $2 to $withval])
-  GIT_CONF_APPEND_LINE($2=$withval)
+  GIT_CONF_SUBST([$2], [$withval])
  fi)])# GIT_PARSE_WITH_SET_MAKE_VAR
 
 #
@@ -135,10 +147,9 @@
 AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([git.c])
 
 config_file=config.mak.autogen
-config_append=config.mak.append
 config_in=config.mak.in
 
-echo "# ${config_append}.  Generated by configure." > "${config_append}"
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([AUTOCONFIGURED], [YesPlease])
 
 # Directories holding "saner" versions of common or POSIX binaries.
 AC_ARG_WITH([sane-tool-path],
@@ -150,7 +161,7 @@
   else
     AC_MSG_NOTICE([Setting SANE_TOOL_PATH to '$withval'])
   fi
-  GIT_CONF_APPEND_LINE([SANE_TOOL_PATH=$withval])],
+  GIT_CONF_SUBST([SANE_TOOL_PATH], [$withval])],
   [# If the "--with-sane-tool-path" option was not given, don't touch
    # SANE_TOOL_PATH here, but let defaults in Makefile take care of it.
    # This should minimize spurious differences in the behaviour of the
@@ -169,7 +180,7 @@
   else
 	lib=$withval
 	AC_MSG_NOTICE([Setting lib to '$lib'])
-	GIT_CONF_APPEND_LINE(lib=$withval)
+	GIT_CONF_SUBST([lib])
   fi])
 
 if test -z "$lib"; then
@@ -182,7 +193,7 @@
   [FLAGS is the value to pass to the compiler to enable POSIX Threads.]
   [The default if FLAGS is not specified is to try first -pthread]
   [and then -lpthread.]
-  [--without-pthreads will disable threading.])],
+  [--disable-pthreads will disable threading.])],
 [
 if test "x$enableval" = "xyes"; then
    AC_MSG_NOTICE([Will try -pthread then -lpthread to enable POSIX Threads])
@@ -205,7 +216,7 @@
 [
   JSMIN=$enableval;
   AC_MSG_NOTICE([Setting JSMIN to '$JSMIN' to enable JavaScript minifying])
-  GIT_CONF_APPEND_LINE(JSMIN=$enableval);
+  GIT_CONF_SUBST([JSMIN])
 ])
 
 # Define option to enable CSS minification
@@ -215,7 +226,7 @@
 [
   CSSMIN=$enableval;
   AC_MSG_NOTICE([Setting CSSMIN to '$CSSMIN' to enable CSS minifying])
-  GIT_CONF_APPEND_LINE(CSSMIN=$enableval);
+  GIT_CONF_SUBST([CSSMIN])
 ])
 
 ## Site configuration (override autodetection)
@@ -255,8 +266,10 @@
     else
 	USE_LIBPCRE=YesPlease
 	LIBPCREDIR=$withval
-	AC_MSG_NOTICE([Setting LIBPCREDIR to $withval])
-	GIT_CONF_APPEND_LINE(LIBPCREDIR=$withval)
+	AC_MSG_NOTICE([Setting LIBPCREDIR to $LIBPCREDIR])
+        dnl USE_LIBPCRE can still be modified below, so don't substitute
+        dnl it yet.
+	GIT_CONF_SUBST([LIBPCREDIR])
     fi)
 #
 # Define NO_CURL if you do not have curl installed.  git-http-pull and
@@ -376,9 +389,10 @@
 AC_PROG_CC([cc gcc])
 AC_C_INLINE
 case $ac_cv_c_inline in
-  inline | yes | no)	;;
-  *)			AC_SUBST([INLINE], [$ac_cv_c_inline]) ;;
+  inline | yes | no) INLINE='';;
+  *)                 INLINE=$ac_cv_c_inline ;;
 esac
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([INLINE])
 
 # which switch to pass runtime path to dynamic libraries to the linker
 AC_CACHE_CHECK([if linker supports -R], git_cv_ld_dashr, [
@@ -388,7 +402,7 @@
    LDFLAGS="${SAVE_LDFLAGS}"
 ])
 if test "$git_cv_ld_dashr" = "yes"; then
-   AC_SUBST(CC_LD_DYNPATH, [-R])
+   CC_LD_DYNPATH=-R
 else
    AC_CACHE_CHECK([if linker supports -Wl,-rpath,], git_cv_ld_wl_rpath, [
       SAVE_LDFLAGS="${LDFLAGS}"
@@ -397,7 +411,7 @@
       LDFLAGS="${SAVE_LDFLAGS}"
    ])
    if test "$git_cv_ld_wl_rpath" = "yes"; then
-      AC_SUBST(CC_LD_DYNPATH, [-Wl,-rpath,])
+      CC_LD_DYNPATH=-Wl,-rpath,
    else
       AC_CACHE_CHECK([if linker supports -rpath], git_cv_ld_rpath, [
          SAVE_LDFLAGS="${LDFLAGS}"
@@ -406,52 +420,48 @@
          LDFLAGS="${SAVE_LDFLAGS}"
       ])
       if test "$git_cv_ld_rpath" = "yes"; then
-         AC_SUBST(CC_LD_DYNPATH, [-rpath])
+         CC_LD_DYNPATH=-rpath
       else
+         CC_LD_DYNPATH=
          AC_MSG_WARN([linker does not support runtime path to dynamic libraries])
       fi
    fi
 fi
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([CC_LD_DYNPATH])
 #AC_PROG_INSTALL		# needs install-sh or install.sh in sources
 AC_CHECK_TOOLS(AR, [gar ar], :)
 AC_CHECK_PROGS(TAR, [gtar tar])
 AC_CHECK_PROGS(DIFF, [gnudiff gdiff diff])
 # TCLTK_PATH will be set to some value if we want Tcl/Tk
 # or will be empty otherwise.
-if test -z "$NO_TCLTK"; then
+if test -n "$NO_TCLTK"; then
+  TCLTK_PATH=
+else
   if test "$with_tcltk" = ""; then
   # No Tcl/Tk switches given. Do not check for Tcl/Tk, use bare 'wish'.
     TCLTK_PATH=wish
-    AC_SUBST(TCLTK_PATH)
   elif test "$with_tcltk" = "yes"; then
   # Tcl/Tk check requested.
     AC_CHECK_PROGS(TCLTK_PATH, [wish], )
   else
     AC_MSG_RESULT([Using Tcl/Tk interpreter $with_tcltk])
     TCLTK_PATH="$with_tcltk"
-    AC_SUBST(TCLTK_PATH)
   fi
 fi
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([TCLTK_PATH])
 AC_CHECK_PROGS(ASCIIDOC, [asciidoc])
 if test -n "$ASCIIDOC"; then
 	AC_MSG_CHECKING([for asciidoc version])
 	asciidoc_version=`$ASCIIDOC --version 2>/dev/null`
 	case "${asciidoc_version}" in
-	asciidoc' '7*)
-		ASCIIDOC7=YesPlease
-		AC_MSG_RESULT([${asciidoc_version} > 7])
-		;;
 	asciidoc' '8*)
-		ASCIIDOC7=
 		AC_MSG_RESULT([${asciidoc_version}])
 		;;
 	*)
-		ASCIIDOC7=
 		AC_MSG_RESULT([${asciidoc_version} (unknown)])
 		;;
 	esac
 fi
-AC_SUBST(ASCIIDOC7)
 
 
 ## Checks for libraries.
@@ -465,13 +475,13 @@
 AC_CHECK_LIB([crypto], [SHA1_Init],
 [NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO=],
 [AC_CHECK_LIB([ssl], [SHA1_Init],
- [NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO=YesPlease],
- [NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO= NO_OPENSSL=YesPlease])])
+ [NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO=YesPlease NO_OPENSSL=],
+ [NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO=          NO_OPENSSL=YesPlease])])
 
 GIT_UNSTASH_FLAGS($OPENSSLDIR)
 
-AC_SUBST(NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO)
-AC_SUBST(NO_OPENSSL)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO])
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_OPENSSL])
 
 #
 # Define USE_LIBPCRE if you have and want to use libpcre. git-grep will be
@@ -488,7 +498,7 @@
 
 GIT_UNSTASH_FLAGS($LIBPCREDIR)
 
-AC_SUBST(USE_LIBPCRE)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([USE_LIBPCRE])
 
 fi
 
@@ -505,7 +515,7 @@
 
 GIT_UNSTASH_FLAGS($CURLDIR)
 
-AC_SUBST(NO_CURL)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_CURL])
 
 #
 # Define NO_EXPAT if you do not have expat installed.  git-http-push is
@@ -519,7 +529,7 @@
 
 GIT_UNSTASH_FLAGS($EXPATDIR)
 
-AC_SUBST(NO_EXPAT)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_EXPAT])
 
 #
 # Define NEEDS_LIBICONV if linking with libc is not enough (Darwin and
@@ -565,8 +575,8 @@
 
 GIT_UNSTASH_FLAGS($ICONVDIR)
 
-AC_SUBST(NEEDS_LIBICONV)
-AC_SUBST(NO_ICONV)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NEEDS_LIBICONV])
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_ICONV])
 
 if test -n "$NO_ICONV"; then
     NEEDS_LIBICONV=
@@ -593,7 +603,7 @@
 
 GIT_UNSTASH_FLAGS($ZLIB_PATH)
 
-AC_SUBST(NO_DEFLATE_BOUND)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_DEFLATE_BOUND])
 
 #
 # Define NEEDS_SOCKET if linking with libc is not enough (SunOS,
@@ -601,7 +611,7 @@
 AC_CHECK_LIB([c], [socket],
 [NEEDS_SOCKET=],
 [NEEDS_SOCKET=YesPlease])
-AC_SUBST(NEEDS_SOCKET)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NEEDS_SOCKET])
 test -n "$NEEDS_SOCKET" && LIBS="$LIBS -lsocket"
 
 #
@@ -609,40 +619,43 @@
 # libresolv provides some of the functions we would normally get
 # from libc.
 NEEDS_RESOLV=
-AC_SUBST(NEEDS_RESOLV)
 #
 # Define NO_INET_NTOP if linking with -lresolv is not enough.
 # Solaris 2.7 in particular hos inet_ntop in -lresolv.
 NO_INET_NTOP=
-AC_SUBST(NO_INET_NTOP)
 AC_CHECK_FUNC([inet_ntop],
-	[],
+    [],
     [AC_CHECK_LIB([resolv], [inet_ntop],
-	    [NEEDS_RESOLV=YesPlease],
+	[NEEDS_RESOLV=YesPlease],
 	[NO_INET_NTOP=YesPlease])
 ])
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_INET_NTOP])
 #
 # Define NO_INET_PTON if linking with -lresolv is not enough.
 # Solaris 2.7 in particular hos inet_pton in -lresolv.
 NO_INET_PTON=
-AC_SUBST(NO_INET_PTON)
 AC_CHECK_FUNC([inet_pton],
-	[],
+    [],
     [AC_CHECK_LIB([resolv], [inet_pton],
-	    [NEEDS_RESOLV=YesPlease],
+	[NEEDS_RESOLV=YesPlease],
 	[NO_INET_PTON=YesPlease])
 ])
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_INET_PTON])
 #
 # Define NO_HSTRERROR if linking with -lresolv is not enough.
 # Solaris 2.6 in particular has no hstrerror, even in -lresolv.
 NO_HSTRERROR=
 AC_CHECK_FUNC([hstrerror],
-	[],
+    [],
     [AC_CHECK_LIB([resolv], [hstrerror],
-	    [NEEDS_RESOLV=YesPlease],
+	[NEEDS_RESOLV=YesPlease],
 	[NO_HSTRERROR=YesPlease])
 ])
-AC_SUBST(NO_HSTRERROR)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_HSTRERROR])
+
+dnl This must go after all the possible places for its initialization,
+dnl in the AC_CHECK_FUNC invocations above.
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NEEDS_RESOLV])
 #
 # If any of the above tests determined that -lresolv is needed at
 # build-time, also set it here for remaining configure-time checks.
@@ -651,13 +664,13 @@
 AC_CHECK_LIB([c], [basename],
 [NEEDS_LIBGEN=],
 [NEEDS_LIBGEN=YesPlease])
-AC_SUBST(NEEDS_LIBGEN)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NEEDS_LIBGEN])
 test -n "$NEEDS_LIBGEN" && LIBS="$LIBS -lgen"
 
 AC_CHECK_LIB([c], [gettext],
 [LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL=YesPlease],
 [LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL=])
-AC_SUBST(LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL])
 
 #
 # Define NO_GETTEXT if you don't want Git output to be translated.
@@ -665,7 +678,7 @@
 AC_CHECK_HEADER([libintl.h],
 [NO_GETTEXT=],
 [NO_GETTEXT=YesPlease])
-AC_SUBST(NO_GETTEXT)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_GETTEXT])
 
 if test -z "$NO_GETTEXT"; then
     test -n "$LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL" || LIBS="$LIBS -lintl"
@@ -678,19 +691,19 @@
 AC_CHECK_HEADER([sys/select.h],
 [NO_SYS_SELECT_H=],
 [NO_SYS_SELECT_H=UnfortunatelyYes])
-AC_SUBST(NO_SYS_SELECT_H)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_SYS_SELECT_H])
 #
 # Define NO_SYS_POLL_H if you don't have sys/poll.h
 AC_CHECK_HEADER([sys/poll.h],
 [NO_SYS_POLL_H=],
 [NO_SYS_POLL_H=UnfortunatelyYes])
-AC_SUBST(NO_SYS_POLL_H)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_SYS_POLL_H])
 #
 # Define NO_INTTYPES_H if you don't have inttypes.h
 AC_CHECK_HEADER([inttypes.h],
 [NO_INTTYPES_H=],
 [NO_INTTYPES_H=UnfortunatelyYes])
-AC_SUBST(NO_INTTYPES_H)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_INTTYPES_H])
 #
 # Define OLD_ICONV if your library has an old iconv(), where the second
 # (input buffer pointer) parameter is declared with type (const char **).
@@ -713,23 +726,24 @@
 
 GIT_UNSTASH_FLAGS($ICONVDIR)
 
-AC_SUBST(OLD_ICONV)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([OLD_ICONV])
 
 ## Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.
 AC_MSG_NOTICE([CHECKS for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics])
 #
 TYPE_SOCKLEN_T
 case $ac_cv_type_socklen_t in
-  yes)	;;
-  *)  	AC_SUBST([SOCKLEN_T], [$git_cv_socklen_t_equiv]) ;;
+  yes)	SOCKLEN_T='';;
+  *)  	SOCKLEN_T=$git_cv_socklen_t_equiv;;
 esac
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([SOCKLEN_T])
 
 # Define NO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT if you don't have d_ino in your struct dirent.
 AC_CHECK_MEMBER(struct dirent.d_ino,
 [NO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT=],
 [NO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT=YesPlease],
 [#include <dirent.h>])
-AC_SUBST(NO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT])
 #
 # Define NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT if your platform defines DT_UNKNOWN but lacks
 # d_type in struct dirent (latest Cygwin -- will be fixed soonish).
@@ -737,7 +751,15 @@
 [NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT=],
 [NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT=YesPlease],
 [#include <dirent.h>])
-AC_SUBST(NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT])
+#
+# Define NO_GECOS_IN_PWENT if you don't have pw_gecos in struct passwd
+# in the C library.
+AC_CHECK_MEMBER(struct passwd.pw_gecos,
+[NO_GECOS_IN_PWENT=],
+[NO_GECOS_IN_PWENT=YesPlease],
+[#include <pwd.h>])
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_GECOS_IN_PWENT])
 #
 # Define NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE if your platform does not have struct
 # sockaddr_storage.
@@ -747,7 +769,7 @@
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <sys/socket.h>
 ])
-AC_SUBST(NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE])
 #
 # Define NO_IPV6 if you lack IPv6 support and getaddrinfo().
 AC_CHECK_TYPE([struct addrinfo],[
@@ -759,7 +781,7 @@
 #include <sys/socket.h>
 #include <netdb.h>
 ])
-AC_SUBST(NO_IPV6)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_IPV6])
 #
 # Define NO_REGEX if you have no or inferior regex support in your C library.
 AC_CACHE_CHECK([whether the platform regex can handle null bytes],
@@ -780,7 +802,7 @@
 else
 	NO_REGEX=YesPlease
 fi
-AC_SUBST(NO_REGEX)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_REGEX])
 #
 # Define FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES if your are on a system which succeeds
 # when attempting to read from an fopen'ed directory.
@@ -800,7 +822,7 @@
 else
 	FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES=
 fi
-AC_SUBST(FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES])
 #
 # Define SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS if your are on a system which snprintf()
 # or vsnprintf() return -1 instead of number of characters which would
@@ -834,7 +856,7 @@
 else
 	SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS=
 fi
-AC_SUBST(SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS])
 
 
 ## Checks for library functions.
@@ -845,47 +867,45 @@
 AC_CHECK_HEADER([libgen.h],
 [NO_LIBGEN_H=],
 [NO_LIBGEN_H=YesPlease])
-AC_SUBST(NO_LIBGEN_H)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_LIBGEN_H])
 #
 # Define HAVE_PATHS_H if you have paths.h.
 AC_CHECK_HEADER([paths.h],
 [HAVE_PATHS_H=YesPlease],
 [HAVE_PATHS_H=])
-AC_SUBST(HAVE_PATHS_H)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([HAVE_PATHS_H])
 #
 # Define HAVE_LIBCHARSET_H if have libcharset.h
 AC_CHECK_HEADER([libcharset.h],
 [HAVE_LIBCHARSET_H=YesPlease],
 [HAVE_LIBCHARSET_H=])
-AC_SUBST(HAVE_LIBCHARSET_H)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([HAVE_LIBCHARSET_H])
+#
+# Define HAVE_STRINGS_H if you have strings.h
+AC_CHECK_HEADER([strings.h],
+[HAVE_STRINGS_H=YesPlease],
+[HAVE_STRINGS_H=])
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([HAVE_STRINGS_H])
 # Define CHARSET_LIB if libiconv does not export the locale_charset symbol
 # and libcharset does
 CHARSET_LIB=
 AC_CHECK_LIB([iconv], [locale_charset],
        [],
        [AC_CHECK_LIB([charset], [locale_charset],
-                     [CHARSET_LIB=-lcharset])
-       ]
-)
-AC_SUBST(CHARSET_LIB)
+                     [CHARSET_LIB=-lcharset])])
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([CHARSET_LIB])
 #
 # Define NO_STRCASESTR if you don't have strcasestr.
 GIT_CHECK_FUNC(strcasestr,
 [NO_STRCASESTR=],
 [NO_STRCASESTR=YesPlease])
-AC_SUBST(NO_STRCASESTR)
-#
-# Define NO_STRTOK_R if you don't have strtok_r
-GIT_CHECK_FUNC(strtok_r,
-[NO_STRTOK_R=],
-[NO_STRTOK_R=YesPlease])
-AC_SUBST(NO_STRTOK_R)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_STRCASESTR])
 #
 # Define NO_FNMATCH if you don't have fnmatch
 GIT_CHECK_FUNC(fnmatch,
 [NO_FNMATCH=],
 [NO_FNMATCH=YesPlease])
-AC_SUBST(NO_FNMATCH)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_FNMATCH])
 #
 # Define NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD if your fnmatch function doesn't have the
 # FNM_CASEFOLD GNU extension.
@@ -907,19 +927,19 @@
 else
 	NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD=YesPlease
 fi
-AC_SUBST(NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD])
 #
 # Define NO_MEMMEM if you don't have memmem.
 GIT_CHECK_FUNC(memmem,
 [NO_MEMMEM=],
 [NO_MEMMEM=YesPlease])
-AC_SUBST(NO_MEMMEM)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_MEMMEM])
 #
 # Define NO_STRLCPY if you don't have strlcpy.
 GIT_CHECK_FUNC(strlcpy,
 [NO_STRLCPY=],
 [NO_STRLCPY=YesPlease])
-AC_SUBST(NO_STRLCPY)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_STRLCPY])
 #
 # Define NO_UINTMAX_T if your platform does not have uintmax_t
 AC_CHECK_TYPE(uintmax_t,
@@ -927,43 +947,43 @@
 [NO_UINTMAX_T=YesPlease],[
 #include <inttypes.h>
 ])
-AC_SUBST(NO_UINTMAX_T)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_UINTMAX_T])
 #
 # Define NO_STRTOUMAX if you don't have strtoumax in the C library.
 GIT_CHECK_FUNC(strtoumax,
 [NO_STRTOUMAX=],
 [NO_STRTOUMAX=YesPlease])
-AC_SUBST(NO_STRTOUMAX)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_STRTOUMAX])
 #
 # Define NO_SETENV if you don't have setenv in the C library.
 GIT_CHECK_FUNC(setenv,
 [NO_SETENV=],
 [NO_SETENV=YesPlease])
-AC_SUBST(NO_SETENV)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_SETENV])
 #
 # Define NO_UNSETENV if you don't have unsetenv in the C library.
 GIT_CHECK_FUNC(unsetenv,
 [NO_UNSETENV=],
 [NO_UNSETENV=YesPlease])
-AC_SUBST(NO_UNSETENV)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_UNSETENV])
 #
 # Define NO_MKDTEMP if you don't have mkdtemp in the C library.
 GIT_CHECK_FUNC(mkdtemp,
 [NO_MKDTEMP=],
 [NO_MKDTEMP=YesPlease])
-AC_SUBST(NO_MKDTEMP)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_MKDTEMP])
 #
 # Define NO_MKSTEMPS if you don't have mkstemps in the C library.
 GIT_CHECK_FUNC(mkstemps,
 [NO_MKSTEMPS=],
 [NO_MKSTEMPS=YesPlease])
-AC_SUBST(NO_MKSTEMPS)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_MKSTEMPS])
 #
 # Define NO_INITGROUPS if you don't have initgroups in the C library.
 GIT_CHECK_FUNC(initgroups,
 [NO_INITGROUPS=],
 [NO_INITGROUPS=YesPlease])
-AC_SUBST(NO_INITGROUPS)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_INITGROUPS])
 #
 #
 # Define NO_MMAP if you want to avoid mmap.
@@ -1009,10 +1029,20 @@
 # -D_REENTRANT' or some such.
 elif test -z "$PTHREAD_CFLAGS"; then
   threads_found=no
-  for opt in -mt -pthread -lpthread; do
+  # Attempt to compile and link some code using pthreads to determine
+  # required linker flags. The order is somewhat important here: We
+  # first try it without any extra flags, to catch systems where
+  # pthreads are part of the C library, then go on testing various other
+  # flags. We do so to avoid false positives. For example, on Mac OS X
+  # pthreads are part of the C library; moreover, the compiler allows us
+  # to add "-mt" to the CFLAGS (although it will do nothing except
+  # trigger a warning about an unused flag). Hence if we checked for
+  # "-mt" before "" we would end up picking it. But unfortunately this
+  # would then trigger compiler warnings on every single file we compile.
+  for opt in "" -mt -pthread -lpthread; do
      old_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS"
      CFLAGS="$opt $CFLAGS"
-     AC_MSG_CHECKING([Checking for POSIX Threads with '$opt'])
+     AC_MSG_CHECKING([for POSIX Threads with '$opt'])
      AC_LINK_IFELSE([PTHREADTEST_SRC],
 	[AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])
 		NO_PTHREADS=
@@ -1032,7 +1062,7 @@
 else
   old_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS"
   CFLAGS="$PTHREAD_CFLAGS $CFLAGS"
-  AC_MSG_CHECKING([Checking for POSIX Threads with '$PTHREAD_CFLAGS'])
+  AC_MSG_CHECKING([for POSIX Threads with '$PTHREAD_CFLAGS'])
   AC_LINK_IFELSE([PTHREADTEST_SRC],
 	[AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])
 		NO_PTHREADS=
@@ -1045,14 +1075,10 @@
 
 CFLAGS="$old_CFLAGS"
 
-AC_SUBST(PTHREAD_CFLAGS)
-AC_SUBST(PTHREAD_LIBS)
-AC_SUBST(NO_PTHREADS)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([PTHREAD_CFLAGS])
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([PTHREAD_LIBS])
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_PTHREADS])
 
 ## Output files
-AC_CONFIG_FILES(["${config_file}":"${config_in}":"${config_append}"])
+AC_CONFIG_FILES(["${config_file}":"${config_in}"])
 AC_OUTPUT
-
-
-## Cleanup
-rm -f "${config_append}"
diff --git a/connect.c b/connect.c
index 912cdde..f57efd0 100644
--- a/connect.c
+++ b/connect.c
@@ -49,26 +49,42 @@
 	extra->nr++;
 }
 
+static void die_initial_contact(int got_at_least_one_head)
+{
+	if (got_at_least_one_head)
+		die("The remote end hung up upon initial contact");
+	else
+		die("Could not read from remote repository.\n\n"
+		    "Please make sure you have the correct access rights\n"
+		    "and the repository exists.");
+}
+
 /*
  * Read all the refs from the other end
  */
-struct ref **get_remote_heads(int in, struct ref **list,
-			      unsigned int flags,
+struct ref **get_remote_heads(int in, char *src_buf, size_t src_len,
+			      struct ref **list, unsigned int flags,
 			      struct extra_have_objects *extra_have)
 {
+	int got_at_least_one_head = 0;
+
 	*list = NULL;
 	for (;;) {
 		struct ref *ref;
 		unsigned char old_sha1[20];
-		static char buffer[1000];
 		char *name;
 		int len, name_len;
+		char *buffer = packet_buffer;
 
-		len = packet_read_line(in, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
+		len = packet_read(in, &src_buf, &src_len,
+				  packet_buffer, sizeof(packet_buffer),
+				  PACKET_READ_GENTLE_ON_EOF |
+				  PACKET_READ_CHOMP_NEWLINE);
+		if (len < 0)
+			die_initial_contact(got_at_least_one_head);
+
 		if (!len)
 			break;
-		if (buffer[len-1] == '\n')
-			buffer[--len] = 0;
 
 		if (len > 4 && !prefixcmp(buffer, "ERR "))
 			die("remote error: %s", buffer + 4);
@@ -95,16 +111,12 @@
 		hashcpy(ref->old_sha1, old_sha1);
 		*list = ref;
 		list = &ref->next;
+		got_at_least_one_head = 1;
 	}
 	return list;
 }
 
-int server_supports(const char *feature)
-{
-	return !!parse_feature_request(server_capabilities, feature);
-}
-
-const char *parse_feature_request(const char *feature_list, const char *feature)
+const char *parse_feature_value(const char *feature_list, const char *feature, int *lenp)
 {
 	int len;
 
@@ -116,14 +128,46 @@
 		const char *found = strstr(feature_list, feature);
 		if (!found)
 			return NULL;
-		if ((feature_list == found || isspace(found[-1])) &&
-		    (!found[len] || isspace(found[len]) || found[len] == '='))
-			return found;
+		if (feature_list == found || isspace(found[-1])) {
+			const char *value = found + len;
+			/* feature with no value (e.g., "thin-pack") */
+			if (!*value || isspace(*value)) {
+				if (lenp)
+					*lenp = 0;
+				return value;
+			}
+			/* feature with a value (e.g., "agent=git/1.2.3") */
+			else if (*value == '=') {
+				value++;
+				if (lenp)
+					*lenp = strcspn(value, " \t\n");
+				return value;
+			}
+			/*
+			 * otherwise we matched a substring of another feature;
+			 * keep looking
+			 */
+		}
 		feature_list = found + 1;
 	}
 	return NULL;
 }
 
+int parse_feature_request(const char *feature_list, const char *feature)
+{
+	return !!parse_feature_value(feature_list, feature, NULL);
+}
+
+const char *server_feature_value(const char *feature, int *len)
+{
+	return parse_feature_value(server_capabilities, feature, len);
+}
+
+int server_supports(const char *feature)
+{
+	return !!server_feature_value(feature, NULL);
+}
+
 enum protocol {
 	PROTO_LOCAL = 1,
 	PROTO_SSH,
@@ -536,7 +580,7 @@
 	 * Add support for ssh port: ssh://host.xy:<port>/...
 	 */
 	if (protocol == PROTO_SSH && host != url)
-		port = get_port(host);
+		port = get_port(end);
 
 	if (protocol == PROTO_GIT) {
 		/* These underlying connection commands die() if they
diff --git a/contrib/ciabot/INSTALL b/contrib/ciabot/INSTALL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7222961
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/ciabot/INSTALL
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+= Installation instructions =
+
+Two scripts are included.  The Python one (ciabot.py) is faster and
+more capable; the shell one (ciabot.sh) is a fallback in case Python
+gives your git hosting site indigestion. (I know of no such sites.)
+
+It is no longer necessary to modify the script in order to put it
+in place; in fact, this is now discouraged. It is entirely
+configurable with the following git config variables:
+
+ciabot.project = name of the project
+ciabot.repo = name of the project repo for gitweb/cgit purposes
+ciabot.xmlrpc  = if true, ship notifications via XML-RPC
+ciabot.revformat = format in which the revision is shown
+
+The revformat variable may have the following values
+raw -> full hex ID of commit
+short -> first 12 chars of hex ID
+describe -> describe relative to last tag, falling back to short
+
+ciabot.project defaults to the directory name of the repository toplevel.
+ciabot.repo defaults to ciabot.project lowercased.
+ciabot.xmlrpc defaults to True
+ciabot.revformat defaults to 'describe'.
+
+This means that in the normal case you need not do any configuration at all,
+however setting ciabot.project will allow the hook to run slightly faster.
+
+Once you've set these variables, try your script with -n to see the
+notification message dumped to stdout and verify that it looks sane.
+
+To live-test these scripts, your project needs to have been registered with
+the CIA site.  Here are the steps:
+
+1. Open an IRC window on irc://freenode/commits or your registered
+   project IRC channel.
+
+2. Run ciabot.py and/or ciabot.sh from any directory under git
+   control.
+
+You should see a notification on the channel for your most recent commit.
+
+After verifying correct function, install one of these scripts either
+in a post-commit hook or in an update hook.
+
+In post-commit, run it without arguments. It will query for
+current HEAD and the latest commit ID to get the information it
+needs.
+
+In update, call it with a refname followed by a list of commits:
+You want to reverse the order git rev-list emits because it lists
+from most recent to oldest.
+
+/path/to/ciabot.py ${refname} $(git rev-list ${oldhead}..${newhead} | tac)
diff --git a/contrib/ciabot/README b/contrib/ciabot/README
index 3b916ac..2dfe1f9 100644
--- a/contrib/ciabot/README
+++ b/contrib/ciabot/README
@@ -8,5 +8,4 @@
 better documented.  The shell version is maintained only as a fallback
 for use on hosting sites that don't permit Python hook scripts.
 
-You will find installation instructions for each script in its comment
-header.
+See the file INSTALL for installation instructions.
diff --git a/contrib/ciabot/ciabot.py b/contrib/ciabot/ciabot.py
index 9775dff..36b5665 100755
--- a/contrib/ciabot/ciabot.py
+++ b/contrib/ciabot/ciabot.py
@@ -10,44 +10,51 @@
 # usage: ciabot.py [-V] [-n] [-p projectname]  [refname [commits...]]
 #
 # This script is meant to be run either in a post-commit hook or in an
-# update hook.  If there's nothing unusual about your hosting setup,
-# you can specify the project name with a -p option and avoid having
-# to modify this script.  Try it with -n to see the notification mail
-# dumped to stdout and verify that it looks sane. With -V it dumps its
-# version and exits.
+# update hook. Try it with -n to see the notification mail dumped to
+# stdout and verify that it looks sane. With -V it dumps its version
+# and exits.
 #
-# In post-commit, run it without arguments (other than possibly a -p
-# option). It will query for current HEAD and the latest commit ID to
-# get the information it needs.
+# In post-commit, run it without arguments. It will query for
+# current HEAD and the latest commit ID to get the information it
+# needs.
 #
 # In update, call it with a refname followed by a list of commits:
-# You want to reverse the order git rev-list emits becxause it lists
+# You want to reverse the order git rev-list emits because it lists
 # from most recent to oldest.
 #
 # /path/to/ciabot.py ${refname} $(git rev-list ${oldhead}..${newhead} | tac)
 #
-# Note: this script uses mail, not XML-RPC, in order to avoid stalling
-# until timeout when the CIA XML-RPC server is down.
+# Configuration variables affecting this script:
+#
+# ciabot.project = name of the project
+# ciabot.repo = name of the project repo for gitweb/cgit purposes
+# ciabot.xmlrpc  = if true (default), ship notifications via XML-RPC
+# ciabot.revformat = format in which the revision is shown
+#
+# ciabot.project defaults to the directory name of the repository toplevel.
+# ciabot.repo defaults to ciabot.project lowercased.
+#
+# This means that in the normal case you need not do any configuration at all,
+# but setting the project name will speed it up slightly.
+#
+# The revformat variable may have the following values
+# raw -> full hex ID of commit
+# short -> first 12 chars of hex ID
+# describe = -> describe relative to last tag, falling back to short
+# The default is 'describe'.
+#
+# Note: the CIA project now says only XML-RPC is reliable, so
+# we default to that.
 #
 
-#
-# The project as known to CIA. You will either want to change this
-# or invoke the script with a -p option to set it.
-#
-project=None
+import sys
+if sys.hexversion < 0x02000000:
+        # The limiter is the xml.sax module
+        sys.stderr.write("ciabot.py: requires Python 2.0.0 or later.\n")
+        sys.exit(1)
 
-#
-# You may not need to change these:
-#
-import os, sys, commands, socket, urllib
-
-# Name of the repository.
-# You can hardwire this to make the script faster.
-repo = os.path.basename(os.getcwd())
-
-# Fully-qualified domain name of this host.
-# You can hardwire this to make the script faster.
-host = socket.getfqdn()
+import os, commands, socket, urllib
+from xml.sax.saxutils import escape
 
 # Changeset URL prefix for your repo: when the commit ID is appended
 # to this, it should point at a CGI that will display the commit
@@ -72,7 +79,7 @@
 <message>
   <generator>
     <name>CIA Python client for Git</name>
-    <version>%(gitver)s</version>
+    <version>%(version)s</version>
     <url>%(generator)s</url>
   </generator>
   <source>
@@ -98,19 +105,18 @@
 # No user-serviceable parts below this line:
 #
 
-# Addresses for the e-mail. The from address is a dummy, since CIA
-# will never reply to this mail.
-fromaddr = "CIABOT-NOREPLY@" + host
-toaddr = "cia@cia.navi.cx"
+# Where to ship e-mail notifications.
+toaddr = "cia@cia.vc"
 
 # Identify the generator script.
 # Should only change when the script itself gets a new home and maintainer.
-generator="http://www.catb.org/~esr/ciabot.py"
+generator = "http://www.catb.org/~esr/ciabot.py"
+version = "3.6"
 
 def do(command):
     return commands.getstatusoutput(command)[1]
 
-def report(refname, merged):
+def report(refname, merged, xmlrpc=True):
     "Generate a commit notification to be reported to CIA"
 
     # Try to tinyfy a reference to a web view for this commit.
@@ -121,32 +127,27 @@
 
     branch = os.path.basename(refname)
 
-    # Compute a shortnane for the revision
-    rev = do("git describe '"+ merged +"' 2>/dev/null") or merged[:12]
+    # Compute a description for the revision
+    if revformat == 'raw':
+        rev = merged
+    elif revformat == 'short':
+        rev = ''
+    else: # revformat == 'describe'
+        rev = do("git describe %s 2>/dev/null" % merged)
+    if not rev:
+        rev = merged[:12]
 
-    # Extract the neta-information for the commit
-    rawcommit = do("git cat-file commit " + merged)
+    # Extract the meta-information for the commit
     files=do("git diff-tree -r --name-only '"+ merged +"' | sed -e '1d' -e 's-.*-<file>&</file>-'")
-    inheader = True
-    headers = {}
-    logmsg = ""
-    for line in rawcommit.split("\n"):
-        if inheader:
-            if line:
-                fields = line.split()
-                headers[fields[0]] = " ".join(fields[1:])
-            else:
-                inheader = False
-        else:
-            logmsg = line
-            break
-    (author, ts) = headers["author"].split(">")
+    metainfo = do("git log -1 '--pretty=format:%an <%ae>%n%at%n%s' " + merged)
+    (author, ts, logmsg) = metainfo.split("\n")
+    logmsg = escape(logmsg)
 
-    # This discards the part of the authors addrsss after @.
-    # Might be bnicece to ship the full email address, if not
+    # This discards the part of the author's address after @.
+    # Might be be nice to ship the full email address, if not
     # for spammers' address harvesters - getting this wrong
     # would make the freenode #commits channel into harvester heaven.
-    author = author.replace("<", "").split("@")[0].split()[-1]
+    author = escape(author.replace("<", "").split("@")[0].split()[-1])
 
     # This ignores the timezone.  Not clear what to do with it...
     ts = ts.strip().split()[0]
@@ -155,8 +156,7 @@
     context.update(globals())
 
     out = xml % context
-
-    message = '''\
+    mail = '''\
 Message-ID: <%(merged)s.%(author)s@%(project)s>
 From: %(fromaddr)s
 To: %(toaddr)s
@@ -165,34 +165,56 @@
 
 %(out)s''' % locals()
 
-    return message
+    if xmlrpc:
+        return out
+    else:
+        return mail
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     import getopt
 
+    # Get all config variables
+    revformat = do("git config --get ciabot.revformat")
+    project = do("git config --get ciabot.project")
+    repo = do("git config --get ciabot.repo")
+    xmlrpc = do("git config --get ciabot.xmlrpc")
+    xmlrpc = not (xmlrpc and xmlrpc == "false")
+
+    host = socket.getfqdn()
+    fromaddr = "CIABOT-NOREPLY@" + host
+
     try:
-        (options, arguments) = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], "np:V")
+        (options, arguments) = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], "np:xV")
     except getopt.GetoptError, msg:
         print "ciabot.py: " + str(msg)
         raise SystemExit, 1
 
-    mailit = True
+    notify = True
     for (switch, val) in options:
         if switch == '-p':
             project = val
         elif switch == '-n':
-            mailit = False
+            notify = False
+        elif switch == '-x':
+            xmlrpc = True
         elif switch == '-V':
-            print "ciabot.py: version 3.2"
+            print "ciabot.py: version", version
             sys.exit(0)
 
-    # Cough and die if user has not specified a project
+    # The project variable defaults to the name of the repository toplevel.
     if not project:
-        sys.stderr.write("ciabot.py: no project specified, bailing out.\n")
-        sys.exit(1)
+        here = os.getcwd()
+        while True:
+            if os.path.exists(os.path.join(here, ".git")):
+                project = os.path.basename(here)
+                break
+            elif here == '/':
+                sys.stderr.write("ciabot.py: no .git below root!\n")
+                sys.exit(1)
+            here = os.path.dirname(here)
 
-    # We'll need the git version number.
-    gitver = do("git --version").split()[0]
+    if not repo:
+        repo = project.lower()
 
     urlprefix = urlprefix % globals()
 
@@ -205,18 +227,29 @@
         refname = arguments[0]
         merges = arguments[1:]
 
-    if mailit:
-        import smtplib
-        server = smtplib.SMTP('localhost')
+    if notify:
+        if xmlrpc:
+            import xmlrpclib
+            server = xmlrpclib.Server('http://cia.vc/RPC2');
+        else:
+            import smtplib
+            server = smtplib.SMTP('localhost')
 
     for merged in merges:
-        message = report(refname, merged)
-        if mailit:
-            server.sendmail(fromaddr, [toaddr], message)
-        else:
+        message = report(refname, merged, xmlrpc)
+        if not notify:
             print message
+        elif xmlrpc:
+            try:
+                # RPC server is flaky, this can fail due to timeout.
+                server.hub.deliver(message)
+            except socket.error, e:
+                sys.stderr.write("%s\n" % e)
+        else:
+            server.sendmail(fromaddr, [toaddr], message)
 
-    if mailit:
-        server.quit()
+    if notify:
+        if not xmlrpc:
+            server.quit()
 
 #End
diff --git a/contrib/ciabot/ciabot.sh b/contrib/ciabot/ciabot.sh
index eb87bba..3fbbc53 100755
--- a/contrib/ciabot/ciabot.sh
+++ b/contrib/ciabot/ciabot.sh
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 # Copyright (c) 2006 Fernando J. Pereda <ferdy@gentoo.org>
 # Copyright (c) 2008 Natanael Copa <natanael.copa@gmail.com>
 # Copyright (c) 2010 Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>
+# Assistance and review by Petr Baudis, author of ciabot.pl,
+# is gratefully acknowledged.
 #
 # This is a version 3.x of ciabot.sh; use -V to find the exact
 # version.  Versions 1 and 2 were shipped in 2006 and 2008 and are not
@@ -11,6 +13,7 @@
 # Note: This script should be considered obsolete.
 # There is a faster, better-documented rewrite in Python: find it as ciabot.py
 # Use this only if your hosting site forbids Python hooks.
+# It requires: git(1), hostname(1), cut(1), sendmail(1), and wget(1).
 #
 # Originally based on Git ciabot.pl by Petr Baudis.
 # This script contains porcelain and porcelain byproducts.
@@ -18,15 +21,13 @@
 # usage: ciabot.sh [-V] [-n] [-p projectname] [refname commit]
 #
 # This script is meant to be run either in a post-commit hook or in an
-# update hook.  If there's nothing unusual about your hosting setup,
-# you can specify the project name with a -p option and avoid having
-# to modify this script.  Try it with -n first to see the notification
-# mail dumped to stdout and verify that it looks sane.  Use -V to dump
-# the version and exit.
+# update hook. Try it with -n to see the notification mail dumped to
+# stdout and verify that it looks sane. With -V it dumps its version
+# and exits.
 #
-# In post-commit, run it without arguments (other than possibly a -p
-# option). It will query for current HEAD and the latest commit ID to
-# get the information it needs.
+# In post-commit, run it without arguments. It will query for
+# current HEAD and the latest commit ID to get the information it
+# needs.
 #
 # In update, you have to call it once per merged commit:
 #
@@ -34,33 +35,76 @@
 #       oldhead=$2
 #       newhead=$3
 #       for merged in $(git rev-list ${oldhead}..${newhead} | tac) ; do
-#               /path/to/ciabot.bash ${refname} ${merged}
+#               /path/to/ciabot.sh ${refname} ${merged}
 #       done
 #
-# The reason for the tac call ids that git rev-list emits commits from
+# The reason for the tac call is that git rev-list emits commits from
 # most recent to least - better to ship notifactions from oldest to newest.
 #
-# Note: this script uses mail, not XML-RPC, in order to avoid stalling
-# until timeout when the CIA XML-RPC server is down.
+# Configuration variables affecting this script:
+#
+# ciabot.project = name of the project
+# ciabot.repo = name of the project repo for gitweb/cgit purposes
+# ciabot.revformat = format in which the revision is shown
+#
+# ciabot.project defaults to the directory name of the repository toplevel.
+# ciabot.repo defaults to ciabot.project lowercased.
+#
+# This means that in the normal case you need not do any configuration at all,
+# but setting the project name will speed it up slightly.
+#
+# The revformat variable may have the following values
+# raw -> full hex ID of commit
+# short -> first 12 chars of hex ID
+# describe = -> describe relative to last tag, falling back to short
+# The default is 'describe'.
+#
+# Note: the shell ancestors of this script used mail, not XML-RPC, in
+# order to avoid stalling until timeout when the CIA XML-RPC server is
+# down. It is unknown whether this is still an issue in 2010, but
+# XML-RPC would be annoying to do from sh in any case. (XML-RPC does
+# have the advantage that it guarantees notification of multiple commits
+# shpped from an update in their actual order.)
 #
 
-#
-# The project as known to CIA. You will either want to change this
-# or set the project name with a -p option.
-#
-project=
+# The project as known to CIA. You can set this with a -p option,
+# or let it default to the directory name of the repo toplevel.
+project=$(git config --get ciabot.project)
 
-#
-# You may not need to change these:
-#
+if [ -z $project ]
+then
+    here=`pwd`;
+    while :; do
+	if [ -d $here/.git ]
+	then
+	    project=`basename $here`
+	    break
+	elif [ $here = '/' ]
+	then
+	    echo "ciabot.sh: no .git below root!"
+	    exit 1
+	fi
+	here=`dirname $here`
+    done
+fi
 
-# Name of the repository.
-# You can hardwire this to make the script faster.
-repo="`basename ${PWD}`"
+# Name of the repo for gitweb/cgit purposes
+repo=$(git config --get ciabot.repo)
+[ -z $repo] && repo=$(echo "${project}" | tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]')
 
-# Fully qualified domain name of the repo host.
-# You can hardwire this to make the script faster.
-host=`hostname --fqdn`
+# What revision format do we want in the summary?
+revformat=$(git config --get ciabot.revformat)
+
+# Fully qualified domain name of the repo host.  You can hardwire this
+# to make the script faster. The -f option works under Linux and FreeBSD,
+# but not OpenBSD and NetBSD. But under OpenBSD and NetBSD,
+# hostname without options gives the FQDN.
+if hostname -f >/dev/null 2>&1
+then
+    hostname=`hostname -f`
+else
+    hostname=`hostname`
+fi
 
 # Changeset URL prefix for your repo: when the commit ID is appended
 # to this, it should point at a CGI that will display the commit
@@ -73,13 +117,14 @@
 # You probably will not need to change the following:
 #
 
-# Identify the script. Should change only when the script itself
-# gets a new home and maintainer.
+# Identify the script. The 'generator' variable should change only
+# when the script itself gets a new home and maintainer.
 generator="http://www.catb.org/~esr/ciabot/ciabot.sh"
+version=3.5
 
 # Addresses for the e-mail
-from="CIABOT-NOREPLY@${host}"
-to="cia@cia.navi.cx"
+from="CIABOT-NOREPLY@${hostname}"
+to="cia@cia.vc"
 
 # SMTP client to use - may need to edit the absolute pathname for your system
 sendmail="sendmail -t -f ${from}"
@@ -97,7 +142,7 @@
     case $opt in
 	p) project=$2; shift ; shift ;;
 	n) mode=dumpit; shift ;;
-	V) echo "ciabot.sh: version 3.2"; exit 0; shift ;;
+	V) echo "ciabot.sh: version $version"; exit 0; shift ;;
     esac
 done
 
@@ -128,33 +173,29 @@
 
 refname=${refname##refs/heads/}
 
-gitver=$(git --version)
-gitver=${gitver##* }
+case $revformat in
+raw) rev=$merged ;;
+short) rev='' ;;
+*) rev=$(git describe ${merged} 2>/dev/null) ;;
+esac
+[ -z ${rev} ] && rev=$(echo "$merged" | cut -c 1-12)
 
-rev=$(git describe ${merged} 2>/dev/null)
-# ${merged:0:12} was the only bashism left in the 2008 version of this
-# script, according to checkbashisms.  Replace it with ${merged} here
-# because it was just a fallback anyway, and it's worth accepting a
-# longer fallback for faster execution and removing the bash
-# dependency.
-[ -z ${rev} ] && rev=${merged}
-
-# This discards the part of the author's address after @.
+# We discard the part of the author's address after @.
 # Might be nice to ship the full email address, if not
 # for spammers' address harvesters - getting this wrong
 # would make the freenode #commits channel into harvester heaven.
-rawcommit=$(git cat-file commit ${merged})
-author=$(echo "$rawcommit" | sed -n -e '/^author .*<\([^@]*\).*$/s--\1-p')
-logmessage=$(echo "$rawcommit" | sed -e '1,/^$/d' | head -n 1)
-logmessage=$(echo "$logmessage" | sed 's/\&/&amp\;/g; s/</&lt\;/g; s/>/&gt\;/g')
-ts=$(echo "$rawcommit" | sed -n -e '/^author .*> \([0-9]\+\).*$/s--\1-p')
+author=$(git log -1 '--pretty=format:%an <%ae>' $merged)
+author=$(echo "$author" | sed -n -e '/^.*<\([^@]*\).*$/s--\1-p')
+
+logmessage=$(git log -1 '--pretty=format:%s' $merged)
+ts=$(git log -1 '--pretty=format:%at' $merged)
 files=$(git diff-tree -r --name-only ${merged} | sed -e '1d' -e 's-.*-<file>&</file>-')
 
 out="
 <message>
   <generator>
     <name>CIA Shell client for Git</name>
-    <version>${gitver}</version>
+    <version>${version}</version>
     <url>${generator}</url>
   </generator>
   <source>
diff --git a/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash b/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 2e1b5e1..ecf58e0
--- a/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash
+++ b/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #    *) .git/remotes file names
 #    *) git 'subcommands'
 #    *) tree paths within 'ref:path/to/file' expressions
+#    *) file paths within current working directory and index
 #    *) common --long-options
 #
 # To use these routines:
@@ -20,50 +21,8 @@
 #    1) Copy this file to somewhere (e.g. ~/.git-completion.sh).
 #    2) Add the following line to your .bashrc/.zshrc:
 #        source ~/.git-completion.sh
-#
-#    3) Consider changing your PS1 to also show the current branch:
-#         Bash: PS1='[\u@\h \W$(__git_ps1 " (%s)")]\$ '
-#         ZSH:  PS1='[%n@%m %c$(__git_ps1 " (%s)")]\$ '
-#
-#       The argument to __git_ps1 will be displayed only if you
-#       are currently in a git repository.  The %s token will be
-#       the name of the current branch.
-#
-#       In addition, if you set GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE to a nonempty
-#       value, unstaged (*) and staged (+) changes will be shown next
-#       to the branch name.  You can configure this per-repository
-#       with the bash.showDirtyState variable, which defaults to true
-#       once GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE is enabled.
-#
-#       You can also see if currently something is stashed, by setting
-#       GIT_PS1_SHOWSTASHSTATE to a nonempty value. If something is stashed,
-#       then a '$' will be shown next to the branch name.
-#
-#       If you would like to see if there're untracked files, then you can
-#       set GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES to a nonempty value. If there're
-#       untracked files, then a '%' will be shown next to the branch name.
-#
-#       If you would like to see the difference between HEAD and its
-#       upstream, set GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM="auto".  A "<" indicates
-#       you are behind, ">" indicates you are ahead, and "<>"
-#       indicates you have diverged.  You can further control
-#       behaviour by setting GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM to a space-separated
-#       list of values:
-#           verbose       show number of commits ahead/behind (+/-) upstream
-#           legacy        don't use the '--count' option available in recent
-#                         versions of git-rev-list
-#           git           always compare HEAD to @{upstream}
-#           svn           always compare HEAD to your SVN upstream
-#       By default, __git_ps1 will compare HEAD to your SVN upstream
-#       if it can find one, or @{upstream} otherwise.  Once you have
-#       set GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM, you can override it on a
-#       per-repository basis by setting the bash.showUpstream config
-#       variable.
-#
-
-if [[ -n ${ZSH_VERSION-} ]]; then
-	autoload -U +X bashcompinit && bashcompinit
-fi
+#    3) Consider changing your PS1 to also show the current branch,
+#       see git-prompt.sh for details.
 
 case "$COMP_WORDBREAKS" in
 *:*) : great ;;
@@ -74,9 +33,14 @@
 # returns location of .git repo
 __gitdir ()
 {
+	# Note: this function is duplicated in git-prompt.sh
+	# When updating it, make sure you update the other one to match.
 	if [ -z "${1-}" ]; then
 		if [ -n "${__git_dir-}" ]; then
 			echo "$__git_dir"
+		elif [ -n "${GIT_DIR-}" ]; then
+			test -d "${GIT_DIR-}" || return 1
+			echo "$GIT_DIR"
 		elif [ -d .git ]; then
 			echo .git
 		else
@@ -89,234 +53,6 @@
 	fi
 }
 
-# stores the divergence from upstream in $p
-# used by GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM
-__git_ps1_show_upstream ()
-{
-	local key value
-	local svn_remote svn_url_pattern count n
-	local upstream=git legacy="" verbose=""
-
-	svn_remote=()
-	# get some config options from git-config
-	local output="$(git config -z --get-regexp '^(svn-remote\..*\.url|bash\.showupstream)$' 2>/dev/null | tr '\0\n' '\n ')"
-	while read -r key value; do
-		case "$key" in
-		bash.showupstream)
-			GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM="$value"
-			if [[ -z "${GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM}" ]]; then
-				p=""
-				return
-			fi
-			;;
-		svn-remote.*.url)
-			svn_remote[ $((${#svn_remote[@]} + 1)) ]="$value"
-			svn_url_pattern+="\\|$value"
-			upstream=svn+git # default upstream is SVN if available, else git
-			;;
-		esac
-	done <<< "$output"
-
-	# parse configuration values
-	for option in ${GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM}; do
-		case "$option" in
-		git|svn) upstream="$option" ;;
-		verbose) verbose=1 ;;
-		legacy)  legacy=1  ;;
-		esac
-	done
-
-	# Find our upstream
-	case "$upstream" in
-	git)    upstream="@{upstream}" ;;
-	svn*)
-		# get the upstream from the "git-svn-id: ..." in a commit message
-		# (git-svn uses essentially the same procedure internally)
-		local svn_upstream=($(git log --first-parent -1 \
-					--grep="^git-svn-id: \(${svn_url_pattern#??}\)" 2>/dev/null))
-		if [[ 0 -ne ${#svn_upstream[@]} ]]; then
-			svn_upstream=${svn_upstream[ ${#svn_upstream[@]} - 2 ]}
-			svn_upstream=${svn_upstream%@*}
-			local n_stop="${#svn_remote[@]}"
-			for ((n=1; n <= n_stop; n++)); do
-				svn_upstream=${svn_upstream#${svn_remote[$n]}}
-			done
-
-			if [[ -z "$svn_upstream" ]]; then
-				# default branch name for checkouts with no layout:
-				upstream=${GIT_SVN_ID:-git-svn}
-			else
-				upstream=${svn_upstream#/}
-			fi
-		elif [[ "svn+git" = "$upstream" ]]; then
-			upstream="@{upstream}"
-		fi
-		;;
-	esac
-
-	# Find how many commits we are ahead/behind our upstream
-	if [[ -z "$legacy" ]]; then
-		count="$(git rev-list --count --left-right \
-				"$upstream"...HEAD 2>/dev/null)"
-	else
-		# produce equivalent output to --count for older versions of git
-		local commits
-		if commits="$(git rev-list --left-right "$upstream"...HEAD 2>/dev/null)"
-		then
-			local commit behind=0 ahead=0
-			for commit in $commits
-			do
-				case "$commit" in
-				"<"*) ((behind++)) ;;
-				*)    ((ahead++))  ;;
-				esac
-			done
-			count="$behind	$ahead"
-		else
-			count=""
-		fi
-	fi
-
-	# calculate the result
-	if [[ -z "$verbose" ]]; then
-		case "$count" in
-		"") # no upstream
-			p="" ;;
-		"0	0") # equal to upstream
-			p="=" ;;
-		"0	"*) # ahead of upstream
-			p=">" ;;
-		*"	0") # behind upstream
-			p="<" ;;
-		*)	    # diverged from upstream
-			p="<>" ;;
-		esac
-	else
-		case "$count" in
-		"") # no upstream
-			p="" ;;
-		"0	0") # equal to upstream
-			p=" u=" ;;
-		"0	"*) # ahead of upstream
-			p=" u+${count#0	}" ;;
-		*"	0") # behind upstream
-			p=" u-${count%	0}" ;;
-		*)	    # diverged from upstream
-			p=" u+${count#*	}-${count%	*}" ;;
-		esac
-	fi
-
-}
-
-
-# __git_ps1 accepts 0 or 1 arguments (i.e., format string)
-# returns text to add to bash PS1 prompt (includes branch name)
-__git_ps1 ()
-{
-	local g="$(__gitdir)"
-	if [ -n "$g" ]; then
-		local r=""
-		local b=""
-		if [ -f "$g/rebase-merge/interactive" ]; then
-			r="|REBASE-i"
-			b="$(cat "$g/rebase-merge/head-name")"
-		elif [ -d "$g/rebase-merge" ]; then
-			r="|REBASE-m"
-			b="$(cat "$g/rebase-merge/head-name")"
-		else
-			if [ -d "$g/rebase-apply" ]; then
-				if [ -f "$g/rebase-apply/rebasing" ]; then
-					r="|REBASE"
-				elif [ -f "$g/rebase-apply/applying" ]; then
-					r="|AM"
-				else
-					r="|AM/REBASE"
-				fi
-			elif [ -f "$g/MERGE_HEAD" ]; then
-				r="|MERGING"
-			elif [ -f "$g/CHERRY_PICK_HEAD" ]; then
-				r="|CHERRY-PICKING"
-			elif [ -f "$g/BISECT_LOG" ]; then
-				r="|BISECTING"
-			fi
-
-			b="$(git symbolic-ref HEAD 2>/dev/null)" || {
-
-				b="$(
-				case "${GIT_PS1_DESCRIBE_STYLE-}" in
-				(contains)
-					git describe --contains HEAD ;;
-				(branch)
-					git describe --contains --all HEAD ;;
-				(describe)
-					git describe HEAD ;;
-				(* | default)
-					git describe --tags --exact-match HEAD ;;
-				esac 2>/dev/null)" ||
-
-				b="$(cut -c1-7 "$g/HEAD" 2>/dev/null)..." ||
-				b="unknown"
-				b="($b)"
-			}
-		fi
-
-		local w=""
-		local i=""
-		local s=""
-		local u=""
-		local c=""
-		local p=""
-
-		if [ "true" = "$(git rev-parse --is-inside-git-dir 2>/dev/null)" ]; then
-			if [ "true" = "$(git rev-parse --is-bare-repository 2>/dev/null)" ]; then
-				c="BARE:"
-			else
-				b="GIT_DIR!"
-			fi
-		elif [ "true" = "$(git rev-parse --is-inside-work-tree 2>/dev/null)" ]; then
-			if [ -n "${GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE-}" ]; then
-				if [ "$(git config --bool bash.showDirtyState)" != "false" ]; then
-					git diff --no-ext-diff --quiet --exit-code || w="*"
-					if git rev-parse --quiet --verify HEAD >/dev/null; then
-						git diff-index --cached --quiet HEAD -- || i="+"
-					else
-						i="#"
-					fi
-				fi
-			fi
-			if [ -n "${GIT_PS1_SHOWSTASHSTATE-}" ]; then
-				git rev-parse --verify refs/stash >/dev/null 2>&1 && s="$"
-			fi
-
-			if [ -n "${GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES-}" ]; then
-				if [ -n "$(git ls-files --others --exclude-standard)" ]; then
-					u="%"
-				fi
-			fi
-
-			if [ -n "${GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM-}" ]; then
-				__git_ps1_show_upstream
-			fi
-		fi
-
-		local f="$w$i$s$u"
-		printf -- "${1:- (%s)}" "$c${b##refs/heads/}${f:+ $f}$r$p"
-	fi
-}
-
-__gitcomp_1 ()
-{
-	local c IFS=$' \t\n'
-	for c in $1; do
-		c="$c$2"
-		case $c in
-		--*=*|*.) ;;
-		*) c="$c " ;;
-		esac
-		printf '%s\n' "$c"
-	done
-}
-
 # The following function is based on code from:
 #
 #   bash_completion - programmable completion functions for bash 3.2+
@@ -417,7 +153,6 @@
 }
 
 if ! type _get_comp_words_by_ref >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-if [[ -z ${ZSH_VERSION:+set} ]]; then
 _get_comp_words_by_ref ()
 {
 	local exclude cur_ words_ cword_
@@ -445,36 +180,20 @@
 		shift
 	done
 }
-else
-_get_comp_words_by_ref ()
-{
-	while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
-		case "$1" in
-		cur)
-			cur=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}
-			;;
-		prev)
-			prev=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD-1]}
-			;;
-		words)
-			words=("${COMP_WORDS[@]}")
-			;;
-		cword)
-			cword=$COMP_CWORD
-			;;
-		-n)
-			# assume COMP_WORDBREAKS is already set sanely
-			shift
-			;;
-		esac
-		shift
-	done
-}
-fi
 fi
 
-# Generates completion reply with compgen, appending a space to possible
-# completion words, if necessary.
+__gitcompadd ()
+{
+	local i=0
+	for x in $1; do
+		if [[ "$x" == "$3"* ]]; then
+			COMPREPLY[i++]="$2$x$4"
+		fi
+	done
+}
+
+# Generates completion reply, appending a space to possible completion words,
+# if necessary.
 # It accepts 1 to 4 arguments:
 # 1: List of possible completion words.
 # 2: A prefix to be added to each possible completion word (optional).
@@ -486,19 +205,25 @@
 
 	case "$cur_" in
 	--*=)
-		COMPREPLY=()
 		;;
 	*)
-		local IFS=$'\n'
-		COMPREPLY=($(compgen -P "${2-}" \
-			-W "$(__gitcomp_1 "${1-}" "${4-}")" \
-			-- "$cur_"))
+		local c i=0 IFS=$' \t\n'
+		for c in $1; do
+			c="$c${4-}"
+			if [[ $c == "$cur_"* ]]; then
+				case $c in
+				--*=*|*.) ;;
+				*) c="$c " ;;
+				esac
+				COMPREPLY[i++]="${2-}$c"
+			fi
+		done
 		;;
 	esac
 }
 
-# Generates completion reply with compgen from newline-separated possible
-# completion words by appending a space to all of them.
+# Generates completion reply from newline-separated possible completion words
+# by appending a space to all of them.
 # It accepts 1 to 4 arguments:
 # 1: List of possible completion words, separated by a single newline.
 # 2: A prefix to be added to each possible completion word (optional).
@@ -509,7 +234,125 @@
 __gitcomp_nl ()
 {
 	local IFS=$'\n'
-	COMPREPLY=($(compgen -P "${2-}" -S "${4- }" -W "$1" -- "${3-$cur}"))
+	__gitcompadd "$1" "${2-}" "${3-$cur}" "${4- }"
+}
+
+# Generates completion reply with compgen from newline-separated possible
+# completion filenames.
+# It accepts 1 to 3 arguments:
+# 1: List of possible completion filenames, separated by a single newline.
+# 2: A directory prefix to be added to each possible completion filename
+#    (optional).
+# 3: Generate possible completion matches for this word (optional).
+__gitcomp_file ()
+{
+	local IFS=$'\n'
+
+	# XXX does not work when the directory prefix contains a tilde,
+	# since tilde expansion is not applied.
+	# This means that COMPREPLY will be empty and Bash default
+	# completion will be used.
+	COMPREPLY=($(compgen -P "${2-}" -W "$1" -- "${3-$cur}"))
+
+	# Tell Bash that compspec generates filenames.
+	compopt -o filenames 2>/dev/null
+}
+
+__git_index_file_list_filter_compat ()
+{
+	local path
+
+	while read -r path; do
+		case "$path" in
+		?*/*) echo "${path%%/*}/" ;;
+		*) echo "$path" ;;
+		esac
+	done
+}
+
+__git_index_file_list_filter_bash ()
+{
+	local path
+
+	while read -r path; do
+		case "$path" in
+		?*/*)
+			# XXX if we append a slash to directory names when using
+			# `compopt -o filenames`, Bash will append another slash.
+			# This is pretty stupid, and this the reason why we have to
+			# define a compatible version for this function.
+			echo "${path%%/*}" ;;
+		*)
+			echo "$path" ;;
+		esac
+	done
+}
+
+# Process path list returned by "ls-files" and "diff-index --name-only"
+# commands, in order to list only file names relative to a specified
+# directory, and append a slash to directory names.
+__git_index_file_list_filter ()
+{
+	# Default to Bash >= 4.x
+	__git_index_file_list_filter_bash
+}
+
+# Execute git ls-files, returning paths relative to the directory
+# specified in the first argument, and using the options specified in
+# the second argument.
+__git_ls_files_helper ()
+{
+	(
+		test -n "${CDPATH+set}" && unset CDPATH
+		# NOTE: $2 is not quoted in order to support multiple options
+		cd "$1" && git ls-files --exclude-standard $2
+	) 2>/dev/null
+}
+
+
+# Execute git diff-index, returning paths relative to the directory
+# specified in the first argument, and using the tree object id
+# specified in the second argument.
+__git_diff_index_helper ()
+{
+	(
+		test -n "${CDPATH+set}" && unset CDPATH
+		cd "$1" && git diff-index --name-only --relative "$2"
+	) 2>/dev/null
+}
+
+# __git_index_files accepts 1 or 2 arguments:
+# 1: Options to pass to ls-files (required).
+#    Supported options are --cached, --modified, --deleted, --others,
+#    and --directory.
+# 2: A directory path (optional).
+#    If provided, only files within the specified directory are listed.
+#    Sub directories are never recursed.  Path must have a trailing
+#    slash.
+__git_index_files ()
+{
+	local dir="$(__gitdir)" root="${2-.}"
+
+	if [ -d "$dir" ]; then
+		__git_ls_files_helper "$root" "$1" | __git_index_file_list_filter |
+			sort | uniq
+	fi
+}
+
+# __git_diff_index_files accepts 1 or 2 arguments:
+# 1) The id of a tree object.
+# 2) A directory path (optional).
+#    If provided, only files within the specified directory are listed.
+#    Sub directories are never recursed.  Path must have a trailing
+#    slash.
+__git_diff_index_files ()
+{
+	local dir="$(__gitdir)" root="${2-.}"
+
+	if [ -d "$dir" ]; then
+		__git_diff_index_helper "$root" "$1" | __git_index_file_list_filter |
+			sort | uniq
+	fi
 }
 
 __git_heads ()
@@ -569,7 +412,7 @@
 				if [[ "$ref" == "$cur"* ]]; then
 					echo "$ref"
 				fi
-			done | uniq -u
+			done | sort | uniq -u
 		fi
 		return
 	fi
@@ -676,7 +519,7 @@
 		*)   pfx="$ref:$pfx" ;;
 		esac
 
-		__gitcomp_nl "$(git --git-dir="$(__gitdir)" ls-tree "$ls" \
+		__gitcomp_nl "$(git --git-dir="$(__gitdir)" ls-tree "$ls" 2>/dev/null \
 				| sed '/^100... blob /{
 				           s,^.*	,,
 				           s,$, ,
@@ -709,6 +552,46 @@
 }
 
 
+# __git_complete_index_file requires 1 argument: the options to pass to
+# ls-file
+__git_complete_index_file ()
+{
+	local pfx cur_="$cur"
+
+	case "$cur_" in
+	?*/*)
+		pfx="${cur_%/*}"
+		cur_="${cur_##*/}"
+		pfx="${pfx}/"
+
+		__gitcomp_file "$(__git_index_files "$1" "$pfx")" "$pfx" "$cur_"
+		;;
+	*)
+		__gitcomp_file "$(__git_index_files "$1")" "" "$cur_"
+		;;
+	esac
+}
+
+# __git_complete_diff_index_file requires 1 argument: the id of a tree
+# object
+__git_complete_diff_index_file ()
+{
+	local pfx cur_="$cur"
+
+	case "$cur_" in
+	?*/*)
+		pfx="${cur_%/*}"
+		cur_="${cur_##*/}"
+		pfx="${pfx}/"
+
+		__gitcomp_file "$(__git_diff_index_files "$1" "$pfx")" "$pfx" "$cur_"
+		;;
+	*)
+		__gitcomp_file "$(__git_diff_index_files "$1")" "" "$cur_"
+		;;
+	esac
+}
+
 __git_complete_file ()
 {
 	__git_complete_revlist_file
@@ -734,7 +617,6 @@
 			case "$cmd" in
 			push) no_complete_refspec=1 ;;
 			fetch)
-				COMPREPLY=()
 				return
 				;;
 			*) ;;
@@ -750,7 +632,6 @@
 		return
 	fi
 	if [ $no_complete_refspec = 1 ]; then
-		COMPREPLY=()
 		return
 	fi
 	[ "$remote" = "." ] && remote=
@@ -810,10 +691,19 @@
 	return 1
 }
 
+__git_commands () {
+	if test -n "${GIT_TESTING_COMMAND_COMPLETION:-}"
+	then
+		printf "%s" "${GIT_TESTING_COMMAND_COMPLETION}"
+	else
+		git help -a|egrep '^  [a-zA-Z0-9]'
+	fi
+}
+
 __git_list_all_commands ()
 {
 	local i IFS=" "$'\n'
-	for i in $(git help -a|egrep '^  [a-zA-Z0-9]')
+	for i in $(__git_commands)
 	do
 		case $i in
 		*--*)             : helper pattern;;
@@ -833,7 +723,7 @@
 {
 	local i IFS=" "$'\n'
 	__git_compute_all_commands
-	for i in "help" $__git_all_commands
+	for i in $__git_all_commands
 	do
 		case $i in
 		*--*)             : helper pattern;;
@@ -842,6 +732,7 @@
 		archimport)       : import;;
 		cat-file)         : plumbing;;
 		check-attr)       : plumbing;;
+		check-ignore)     : plumbing;;
 		check-ref-format) : plumbing;;
 		checkout-index)   : plumbing;;
 		commit-tree)      : plumbing;;
@@ -1001,6 +892,43 @@
 	return 1
 }
 
+# Try to count non option arguments passed on the command line for the
+# specified git command.
+# When options are used, it is necessary to use the special -- option to
+# tell the implementation were non option arguments begin.
+# XXX this can not be improved, since options can appear everywhere, as
+# an example:
+#	git mv x -n y
+#
+# __git_count_arguments requires 1 argument: the git command executed.
+__git_count_arguments ()
+{
+	local word i c=0
+
+	# Skip "git" (first argument)
+	for ((i=1; i < ${#words[@]}; i++)); do
+		word="${words[i]}"
+
+		case "$word" in
+			--)
+				# Good; we can assume that the following are only non
+				# option arguments.
+				((c = 0))
+				;;
+			"$1")
+				# Skip the specified git command and discard git
+				# main options
+				((c = 0))
+				;;
+			?*)
+				((c++))
+				;;
+		esac
+	done
+
+	printf "%d" $c
+}
+
 __git_whitespacelist="nowarn warn error error-all fix"
 
 _git_am ()
@@ -1024,7 +952,6 @@
 			"
 		return
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
 }
 
 _git_apply ()
@@ -1044,13 +971,10 @@
 			"
 		return
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
 }
 
 _git_add ()
 {
-	__git_has_doubledash && return
-
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "
@@ -1059,7 +983,9 @@
 			"
 		return
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
+
+	# XXX should we check for --update and --all options ?
+	__git_complete_index_file "--others --modified"
 }
 
 _git_archive ()
@@ -1104,7 +1030,6 @@
 		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_refs)"
 		;;
 	*)
-		COMPREPLY=()
 		;;
 	esac
 }
@@ -1123,11 +1048,15 @@
 	done
 
 	case "$cur" in
+	--set-upstream-to=*)
+		__gitcomp "$(__git_refs)" "" "${cur##--set-upstream-to=}"
+		;;
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "
 			--color --no-color --verbose --abbrev= --no-abbrev
 			--track --no-track --contains --merged --no-merged
-			--set-upstream --edit-description --list
+			--set-upstream-to= --edit-description --list
+			--unset-upstream
 			"
 		;;
 	*)
@@ -1193,9 +1122,14 @@
 
 _git_cherry_pick ()
 {
+	local dir="$(__gitdir)"
+	if [ -f "$dir"/CHERRY_PICK_HEAD ]; then
+		__gitcomp "--continue --quit --abort"
+		return
+	fi
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
-		__gitcomp "--edit --no-commit"
+		__gitcomp "--edit --no-commit --signoff --strategy= --mainline"
 		;;
 	*)
 		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_refs)"
@@ -1205,15 +1139,15 @@
 
 _git_clean ()
 {
-	__git_has_doubledash && return
-
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "--dry-run --quiet"
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
+
+	# XXX should we check for -x option ?
+	__git_complete_index_file "--others"
 }
 
 _git_clone ()
@@ -1233,16 +1167,22 @@
 			--upload-pack
 			--template=
 			--depth
+			--single-branch
+			--branch
 			"
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
 }
 
 _git_commit ()
 {
-	__git_has_doubledash && return
+	case "$prev" in
+	-c|-C)
+		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_refs)" "" "${cur}"
+		return
+		;;
+	esac
 
 	case "$cur" in
 	--cleanup=*)
@@ -1262,7 +1202,8 @@
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "
 			--all --author= --signoff --verify --no-verify
-			--edit --amend --include --only --interactive
+			--edit --no-edit
+			--amend --include --only --interactive
 			--dry-run --reuse-message= --reedit-message=
 			--reset-author --file= --message= --template=
 			--cleanup= --untracked-files --untracked-files=
@@ -1270,7 +1211,13 @@
 			"
 		return
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
+
+	if git rev-parse --verify --quiet HEAD >/dev/null; then
+		__git_complete_diff_index_file "HEAD"
+	else
+		# This is the first commit
+		__git_complete_index_file "--cached"
+	fi
 }
 
 _git_describe ()
@@ -1286,6 +1233,8 @@
 	__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_refs)"
 }
 
+__git_diff_algorithms="myers minimal patience histogram"
+
 __git_diff_common_options="--stat --numstat --shortstat --summary
 			--patch-with-stat --name-only --name-status --color
 			--no-color --color-words --no-renames --check
@@ -1296,10 +1245,11 @@
 			--no-ext-diff
 			--no-prefix --src-prefix= --dst-prefix=
 			--inter-hunk-context=
-			--patience
-			--raw
+			--patience --histogram --minimal
+			--raw --word-diff
 			--dirstat --dirstat= --dirstat-by-file
 			--dirstat-by-file= --cumulative
+			--diff-algorithm=
 "
 
 _git_diff ()
@@ -1307,6 +1257,10 @@
 	__git_has_doubledash && return
 
 	case "$cur" in
+	--diff-algorithm=*)
+		__gitcomp "$__git_diff_algorithms" "" "${cur##--diff-algorithm=}"
+		return
+		;;
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "--cached --staged --pickaxe-all --pickaxe-regex
 			--base --ours --theirs --no-index
@@ -1319,7 +1273,7 @@
 }
 
 __git_mergetools_common="diffuse ecmerge emerge kdiff3 meld opendiff
-			tkdiff vimdiff gvimdiff xxdiff araxis p4merge bc3
+			tkdiff vimdiff gvimdiff xxdiff araxis p4merge bc3 codecompare
 "
 
 _git_difftool ()
@@ -1359,6 +1313,15 @@
 	__git_complete_remote_or_refspec
 }
 
+__git_format_patch_options="
+	--stdout --attach --no-attach --thread --thread= --no-thread
+	--numbered --start-number --numbered-files --keep-subject --signoff
+	--signature --no-signature --in-reply-to= --cc= --full-index --binary
+	--not --all --cover-letter --no-prefix --src-prefix= --dst-prefix=
+	--inline --suffix= --ignore-if-in-upstream --subject-prefix=
+	--output-directory --reroll-count --to= --quiet --notes
+"
+
 _git_format_patch ()
 {
 	case "$cur" in
@@ -1369,21 +1332,7 @@
 		return
 		;;
 	--*)
-		__gitcomp "
-			--stdout --attach --no-attach --thread --thread=
-			--output-directory
-			--numbered --start-number
-			--numbered-files
-			--keep-subject
-			--signoff --signature --no-signature
-			--in-reply-to= --cc=
-			--full-index --binary
-			--not --all
-			--cover-letter
-			--no-prefix --src-prefix= --dst-prefix=
-			--inline --suffix= --ignore-if-in-upstream
-			--subject-prefix=
-			"
+		__gitcomp "$__git_format_patch_options"
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
@@ -1401,7 +1350,6 @@
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
 }
 
 _git_gc ()
@@ -1412,7 +1360,6 @@
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
 }
 
 _git_gitk ()
@@ -1489,13 +1436,10 @@
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
 }
 
 _git_ls_files ()
 {
-	__git_has_doubledash && return
-
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "--cached --deleted --modified --others --ignored
@@ -1508,7 +1452,10 @@
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
+
+	# XXX ignore options like --modified and always suggest all cached
+	# files.
+	__git_complete_index_file "--cached"
 }
 
 _git_ls_remote ()
@@ -1624,7 +1571,6 @@
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
 }
 
 _git_merge_base ()
@@ -1640,7 +1586,14 @@
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
+
+	if [ $(__git_count_arguments "mv") -gt 0 ]; then
+		# We need to show both cached and untracked files (including
+		# empty directories) since this may not be the last argument.
+		__git_complete_index_file "--cached --others --directory"
+	else
+		__git_complete_index_file "--cached"
+	fi
 }
 
 _git_name_rev ()
@@ -1797,6 +1750,12 @@
 		__gitcomp "ssl tls" "" "${cur##--smtp-encryption=}"
 		return
 		;;
+	--thread=*)
+		__gitcomp "
+			deep shallow
+			" "" "${cur##--thread=}"
+		return
+		;;
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "--annotate --bcc --cc --cc-cmd --chain-reply-to
 			--compose --confirm= --dry-run --envelope-sender
@@ -1806,11 +1765,12 @@
 			--signed-off-by-cc --smtp-pass --smtp-server
 			--smtp-server-port --smtp-encryption= --smtp-user
 			--subject --suppress-cc= --suppress-from --thread --to
-			--validate --no-validate"
+			--validate --no-validate
+			$__git_format_patch_options"
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
+	__git_complete_revlist
 }
 
 _git_stage ()
@@ -1824,7 +1784,7 @@
 	while [ $c -gt 1 ]; do
 		word="${words[c]}"
 		case "$word" in
-		--global|--system|--file=*)
+		--system|--global|--local|--file=*)
 			config_file="$word"
 			break
 			;;
@@ -1851,7 +1811,7 @@
 _git_config ()
 {
 	case "$prev" in
-	branch.*.remote)
+	branch.*.remote|branch.*.pushremote)
 		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_remotes)"
 		return
 		;;
@@ -1859,11 +1819,19 @@
 		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_refs)"
 		return
 		;;
+	branch.*.rebase)
+		__gitcomp "false true"
+		return
+		;;
+	remote.pushdefault)
+		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_remotes)"
+		return
+		;;
 	remote.*.fetch)
 		local remote="${prev#remote.}"
 		remote="${remote%.fetch}"
 		if [ -z "$cur" ]; then
-			COMPREPLY=("refs/heads/")
+			__gitcomp_nl "refs/heads/" "" "" ""
 			return
 		fi
 		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_refs_remotes "$remote")"
@@ -1898,6 +1866,10 @@
 			"
 		return
 		;;
+	diff.submodule)
+		__gitcomp "log short"
+		return
+		;;
 	help.format)
 		__gitcomp "man info web html"
 		return
@@ -1923,14 +1895,13 @@
 		return
 		;;
 	*.*)
-		COMPREPLY=()
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "
-			--global --system --file=
+			--system --global --local --file=
 			--list --replace-all
 			--get --get-all --get-regexp
 			--add --unset --unset-all
@@ -1940,7 +1911,7 @@
 		;;
 	branch.*.*)
 		local pfx="${cur%.*}." cur_="${cur##*.}"
-		__gitcomp "remote merge mergeoptions rebase" "$pfx" "$cur_"
+		__gitcomp "remote pushremote merge mergeoptions rebase" "$pfx" "$cur_"
 		return
 		;;
 	branch.*)
@@ -2093,16 +2064,18 @@
 		core.whitespace
 		core.worktree
 		diff.autorefreshindex
-		diff.statGraphWidth
 		diff.external
 		diff.ignoreSubmodules
 		diff.mnemonicprefix
 		diff.noprefix
 		diff.renameLimit
 		diff.renames
+		diff.statGraphWidth
+		diff.submodule
 		diff.suppressBlankEmpty
 		diff.tool
 		diff.wordRegex
+		diff.algorithm
 		difftool.
 		difftool.prompt
 		fetch.recurseSubmodules
@@ -2233,6 +2206,7 @@
 		receive.fsckObjects
 		receive.unpackLimit
 		receive.updateserverinfo
+		remote.pushdefault
 		remotes.
 		repack.usedeltabaseoffset
 		rerere.autoupdate
@@ -2280,7 +2254,7 @@
 
 _git_remote ()
 {
-	local subcommands="add rename rm set-head set-branches set-url show prune update"
+	local subcommands="add rename remove set-head set-branches set-url show prune update"
 	local subcommand="$(__git_find_on_cmdline "$subcommands")"
 	if [ -z "$subcommand" ]; then
 		__gitcomp "$subcommands"
@@ -2288,7 +2262,7 @@
 	fi
 
 	case "$subcommand" in
-	rename|rm|set-url|show|prune)
+	rename|remove|set-url|show|prune)
 		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_remotes)"
 		;;
 	set-head|set-branches)
@@ -2303,7 +2277,6 @@
 		__gitcomp "$c"
 		;;
 	*)
-		COMPREPLY=()
 		;;
 	esac
 }
@@ -2339,15 +2312,14 @@
 
 _git_rm ()
 {
-	__git_has_doubledash && return
-
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "--cached --dry-run --ignore-unmatch --quiet"
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
+
+	__git_complete_index_file "--cached"
 }
 
 _git_shortlog ()
@@ -2377,6 +2349,10 @@
 			" "" "${cur#*=}"
 		return
 		;;
+	--diff-algorithm=*)
+		__gitcomp "$__git_diff_algorithms" "" "${cur##--diff-algorithm=}"
+		return
+		;;
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "--pretty= --format= --abbrev-commit --oneline
 			$__git_diff_common_options
@@ -2416,8 +2392,6 @@
 		*)
 			if [ -z "$(__git_find_on_cmdline "$save_opts")" ]; then
 				__gitcomp "$subcommands"
-			else
-				COMPREPLY=()
 			fi
 			;;
 		esac
@@ -2430,14 +2404,12 @@
 			__gitcomp "--index --quiet"
 			;;
 		show,--*|drop,--*|branch,--*)
-			COMPREPLY=()
 			;;
 		show,*|apply,*|drop,*|pop,*|branch,*)
 			__gitcomp_nl "$(git --git-dir="$(__gitdir)" stash list \
 					| sed -n -e 's/:.*//p')"
 			;;
 		*)
-			COMPREPLY=()
 			;;
 		esac
 	fi
@@ -2447,7 +2419,7 @@
 {
 	__git_has_doubledash && return
 
-	local subcommands="add status init update summary foreach sync"
+	local subcommands="add status init deinit update summary foreach sync"
 	if [ -z "$(__git_find_on_cmdline "$subcommands")" ]; then
 		case "$cur" in
 		--*)
@@ -2479,7 +2451,7 @@
 			--no-metadata --use-svm-props --use-svnsync-props
 			--log-window-size= --no-checkout --quiet
 			--repack-flags --use-log-author --localtime
-			--ignore-paths= $remote_opts
+			--ignore-paths= --include-paths= $remote_opts
 			"
 		local init_opts="
 			--template= --shared= --trunk= --tags=
@@ -2554,7 +2526,6 @@
 			__gitcomp "--revision= --parent"
 			;;
 		*)
-			COMPREPLY=()
 			;;
 		esac
 	fi
@@ -2579,13 +2550,10 @@
 
 	case "$prev" in
 	-m|-F)
-		COMPREPLY=()
 		;;
 	-*|tag)
 		if [ $f = 1 ]; then
 			__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_tags)"
-		else
-			COMPREPLY=()
 		fi
 		;;
 	*)
@@ -2672,20 +2640,88 @@
 	__git_complete_revlist
 }
 
+if [[ -n ${ZSH_VERSION-} ]]; then
+	echo "WARNING: this script is deprecated, please see git-completion.zsh" 1>&2
+
+	autoload -U +X compinit && compinit
+
+	__gitcomp ()
+	{
+		emulate -L zsh
+
+		local cur_="${3-$cur}"
+
+		case "$cur_" in
+		--*=)
+			;;
+		*)
+			local c IFS=$' \t\n'
+			local -a array
+			for c in ${=1}; do
+				c="$c${4-}"
+				case $c in
+				--*=*|*.) ;;
+				*) c="$c " ;;
+				esac
+				array[$#array+1]="$c"
+			done
+			compset -P '*[=:]'
+			compadd -Q -S '' -p "${2-}" -a -- array && _ret=0
+			;;
+		esac
+	}
+
+	__gitcomp_nl ()
+	{
+		emulate -L zsh
+
+		local IFS=$'\n'
+		compset -P '*[=:]'
+		compadd -Q -S "${4- }" -p "${2-}" -- ${=1} && _ret=0
+	}
+
+	__gitcomp_file ()
+	{
+		emulate -L zsh
+
+		local IFS=$'\n'
+		compset -P '*[=:]'
+		compadd -Q -p "${2-}" -f -- ${=1} && _ret=0
+	}
+
+	__git_zsh_helper ()
+	{
+		emulate -L ksh
+		local cur cword prev
+		cur=${words[CURRENT-1]}
+		prev=${words[CURRENT-2]}
+		let cword=CURRENT-1
+		__${service}_main
+	}
+
+	_git ()
+	{
+		emulate -L zsh
+		local _ret=1
+		__git_zsh_helper
+		let _ret && _default -S '' && _ret=0
+		return _ret
+	}
+
+	compdef _git git gitk
+	return
+elif [[ -n ${BASH_VERSION-} ]]; then
+	if ((${BASH_VERSINFO[0]} < 4)); then
+		# compopt is not supported
+		__git_index_file_list_filter ()
+		{
+			__git_index_file_list_filter_compat
+		}
+	fi
+fi
+
 __git_func_wrap ()
 {
-	if [[ -n ${ZSH_VERSION-} ]]; then
-		emulate -L bash
-		setopt KSH_TYPESET
-
-		# workaround zsh's bug that leaves 'words' as a special
-		# variable in versions < 4.3.12
-		typeset -h words
-
-		# workaround zsh's bug that quotes spaces in the COMPREPLY
-		# array if IFS doesn't contain spaces.
-		typeset -h IFS
-	fi
 	local cur words cword prev
 	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur words cword prev
 	$1
diff --git a/contrib/completion/git-completion.tcsh b/contrib/completion/git-completion.tcsh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eaacaf0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/completion/git-completion.tcsh
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+#!tcsh
+#
+# tcsh completion support for core Git.
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2012 Marc Khouzam <marc.khouzam@gmail.com>
+# Distributed under the GNU General Public License, version 2.0.
+#
+# When sourced, this script will generate a new script that uses
+# the git-completion.bash script provided by core Git.  This new
+# script can be used by tcsh to perform git completion.
+# The current script also issues the necessary tcsh 'complete'
+# commands.
+#
+# To use this completion script:
+#
+#    0) You need tcsh 6.16.00 or newer.
+#    1) Copy both this file and the bash completion script to ${HOME}.
+#       You _must_ use the name ${HOME}/.git-completion.bash for the
+#       bash script.
+#       (e.g. ~/.git-completion.tcsh and ~/.git-completion.bash).
+#    2) Add the following line to your .tcshrc/.cshrc:
+#        source ~/.git-completion.tcsh
+#    3) For completion similar to bash, it is recommended to also
+#       add the following line to your .tcshrc/.cshrc:
+#        set autolist=ambiguous
+#       It will tell tcsh to list the possible completion choices.
+
+set __git_tcsh_completion_version = `\echo ${tcsh} | \sed 's/\./ /g'`
+if ( ${__git_tcsh_completion_version[1]} < 6 || \
+     ( ${__git_tcsh_completion_version[1]} == 6 && \
+       ${__git_tcsh_completion_version[2]} < 16 ) ) then
+	echo "git-completion.tcsh: Your version of tcsh is too old, you need version 6.16.00 or newer.  Git completion will not work."
+	exit
+endif
+unset __git_tcsh_completion_version
+
+set __git_tcsh_completion_original_script = ${HOME}/.git-completion.bash
+set __git_tcsh_completion_script = ${HOME}/.git-completion.tcsh.bash
+
+# Check that the user put the script in the right place
+if ( ! -e ${__git_tcsh_completion_original_script} ) then
+	echo "git-completion.tcsh: Cannot find: ${__git_tcsh_completion_original_script}.  Git completion will not work."
+	exit
+endif
+
+cat << EOF > ${__git_tcsh_completion_script}
+#!bash
+#
+# This script is GENERATED and will be overwritten automatically.
+# Do not modify it directly.  Instead, modify git-completion.tcsh
+# and source it again.
+
+source ${__git_tcsh_completion_original_script}
+
+# Remove the colon as a completion separator because tcsh cannot handle it
+COMP_WORDBREAKS=\${COMP_WORDBREAKS//:}
+
+# For file completion, tcsh needs the '/' to be appended to directories.
+# By default, the bash script does not do that.
+# We can achieve this by using the below compatibility
+# method of the git-completion.bash script.
+__git_index_file_list_filter ()
+{
+	__git_index_file_list_filter_compat
+}
+
+# Set COMP_WORDS in a way that can be handled by the bash script.
+COMP_WORDS=(\$2)
+
+# The cursor is at the end of parameter #1.
+# We must check for a space as the last character which will
+# tell us that the previous word is complete and the cursor
+# is on the next word.
+if [ "\${2: -1}" == " " ]; then
+	# The last character is a space, so our location is at the end
+	# of the command-line array
+	COMP_CWORD=\${#COMP_WORDS[@]}
+else
+	# The last character is not a space, so our location is on the
+	# last word of the command-line array, so we must decrement the
+	# count by 1
+	COMP_CWORD=\$((\${#COMP_WORDS[@]}-1))
+fi
+
+# Call _git() or _gitk() of the bash script, based on the first argument
+_\${1}
+
+IFS=\$'\n'
+if [ \${#COMPREPLY[*]} -eq 0 ]; then
+	# No completions suggested.  In this case, we want tcsh to perform
+	# standard file completion.  However, there does not seem to be way
+	# to tell tcsh to do that.  To help the user, we try to simulate
+	# file completion directly in this script.
+	#
+	# Known issues:
+	#     - Possible completions are shown with their directory prefix.
+	#     - Completions containing shell variables are not handled.
+	#     - Completions with ~ as the first character are not handled.
+
+	# No file completion should be done unless we are completing beyond
+	# the git sub-command.  An improvement on the bash completion :)
+	if [ \${COMP_CWORD} -gt 1 ]; then
+		TO_COMPLETE="\${COMP_WORDS[\${COMP_CWORD}]}"
+
+		# We don't support ~ expansion: too tricky.
+		if [ "\${TO_COMPLETE:0:1}" != "~" ]; then
+			# Use ls so as to add the '/' at the end of directories.
+			COMPREPLY=(\`ls -dp \${TO_COMPLETE}* 2> /dev/null\`)
+		fi
+	fi
+fi
+
+# tcsh does not automatically remove duplicates, so we do it ourselves
+echo "\${COMPREPLY[*]}" | sort | uniq
+
+# If there is a single completion and it is a directory, we output it
+# a second time to trick tcsh into not adding a space after it.
+if [ \${#COMPREPLY[*]} -eq 1 ] && [ "\${COMPREPLY[0]: -1}" == "/" ]; then
+	echo "\${COMPREPLY[*]}"
+fi
+
+EOF
+
+# Don't need this variable anymore, so don't pollute the users environment
+unset __git_tcsh_completion_original_script
+
+complete git  'p,*,`bash ${__git_tcsh_completion_script} git "${COMMAND_LINE}"`,'
+complete gitk 'p,*,`bash ${__git_tcsh_completion_script} gitk "${COMMAND_LINE}"`,'
diff --git a/contrib/completion/git-completion.zsh b/contrib/completion/git-completion.zsh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2565d2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/completion/git-completion.zsh
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+#compdef git gitk
+
+# zsh completion wrapper for git
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012-2013 Felipe Contreras <felipe.contreras@gmail.com>
+#
+# You need git's bash completion script installed somewhere, by default on the
+# same directory as this script.
+#
+# If your script is on ~/.git-completion.sh instead, you can configure it on
+# your ~/.zshrc:
+#
+#  zstyle ':completion:*:*:git:*' script ~/.git-completion.sh
+#
+# The recommended way to install this script is to copy to
+# '~/.zsh/completion/_git', and then add the following to your ~/.zshrc file:
+#
+#  fpath=(~/.zsh/completion $fpath)
+
+complete ()
+{
+	# do nothing
+	return 0
+}
+
+zstyle -T ':completion:*:*:git:*' tag-order && \
+	zstyle ':completion:*:*:git:*' tag-order 'common-commands'
+
+zstyle -s ":completion:*:*:git:*" script script
+test -z "$script" && script="$(dirname ${funcsourcetrace[1]%:*})"/git-completion.bash
+ZSH_VERSION='' . "$script"
+
+__gitcomp ()
+{
+	emulate -L zsh
+
+	local cur_="${3-$cur}"
+
+	case "$cur_" in
+	--*=)
+		;;
+	*)
+		local c IFS=$' \t\n'
+		local -a array
+		for c in ${=1}; do
+			c="$c${4-}"
+			case $c in
+			--*=*|*.) ;;
+			*) c="$c " ;;
+			esac
+			array+=("$c")
+		done
+		compset -P '*[=:]'
+		compadd -Q -S '' -p "${2-}" -a -- array && _ret=0
+		;;
+	esac
+}
+
+__gitcomp_nl ()
+{
+	emulate -L zsh
+
+	local IFS=$'\n'
+	compset -P '*[=:]'
+	compadd -Q -S "${4- }" -p "${2-}" -- ${=1} && _ret=0
+}
+
+__gitcomp_file ()
+{
+	emulate -L zsh
+
+	local IFS=$'\n'
+	compset -P '*[=:]'
+	compadd -Q -p "${2-}" -f -- ${=1} && _ret=0
+}
+
+__git_zsh_bash_func ()
+{
+	emulate -L ksh
+
+	local command=$1
+
+	local completion_func="_git_${command//-/_}"
+	declare -f $completion_func >/dev/null && $completion_func && return
+
+	local expansion=$(__git_aliased_command "$command")
+	if [ -n "$expansion" ]; then
+		completion_func="_git_${expansion//-/_}"
+		declare -f $completion_func >/dev/null && $completion_func
+	fi
+}
+
+__git_zsh_cmd_common ()
+{
+	local -a list
+	list=(
+	add:'add file contents to the index'
+	bisect:'find by binary search the change that introduced a bug'
+	branch:'list, create, or delete branches'
+	checkout:'checkout a branch or paths to the working tree'
+	clone:'clone a repository into a new directory'
+	commit:'record changes to the repository'
+	diff:'show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc'
+	fetch:'download objects and refs from another repository'
+	grep:'print lines matching a pattern'
+	init:'create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one'
+	log:'show commit logs'
+	merge:'join two or more development histories together'
+	mv:'move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink'
+	pull:'fetch from and merge with another repository or a local branch'
+	push:'update remote refs along with associated objects'
+	rebase:'forward-port local commits to the updated upstream head'
+	reset:'reset current HEAD to the specified state'
+	rm:'remove files from the working tree and from the index'
+	show:'show various types of objects'
+	status:'show the working tree status'
+	tag:'create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG')
+	_describe -t common-commands 'common commands' list && _ret=0
+}
+
+__git_zsh_cmd_alias ()
+{
+	local -a list
+	list=(${${${(0)"$(git config -z --get-regexp '^alias\.')"}#alias.}%$'\n'*})
+	_describe -t alias-commands 'aliases' list $* && _ret=0
+}
+
+__git_zsh_cmd_all ()
+{
+	local -a list
+	emulate ksh -c __git_compute_all_commands
+	list=( ${=__git_all_commands} )
+	_describe -t all-commands 'all commands' list && _ret=0
+}
+
+__git_zsh_main ()
+{
+	local curcontext="$curcontext" state state_descr line
+	typeset -A opt_args
+	local -a orig_words
+
+	orig_words=( ${words[@]} )
+
+	_arguments -C \
+		'(-p --paginate --no-pager)'{-p,--paginate}'[pipe all output into ''less'']' \
+		'(-p --paginate)--no-pager[do not pipe git output into a pager]' \
+		'--git-dir=-[set the path to the repository]: :_directories' \
+		'--bare[treat the repository as a bare repository]' \
+		'(- :)--version[prints the git suite version]' \
+		'--exec-path=-[path to where your core git programs are installed]:: :_directories' \
+		'--html-path[print the path where git''s HTML documentation is installed]' \
+		'--info-path[print the path where the Info files are installed]' \
+		'--man-path[print the manpath (see `man(1)`) for the man pages]' \
+		'--work-tree=-[set the path to the working tree]: :_directories' \
+		'--namespace=-[set the git namespace]' \
+		'--no-replace-objects[do not use replacement refs to replace git objects]' \
+		'(- :)--help[prints the synopsis and a list of the most commonly used commands]: :->arg' \
+		'(-): :->command' \
+		'(-)*:: :->arg' && return
+
+	case $state in
+	(command)
+		_alternative \
+                         'alias-commands:alias:__git_zsh_cmd_alias' \
+                         'common-commands:common:__git_zsh_cmd_common' \
+                         'all-commands:all:__git_zsh_cmd_all' && _ret=0
+		;;
+	(arg)
+		local command="${words[1]}" __git_dir
+
+		if (( $+opt_args[--bare] )); then
+			__git_dir='.'
+		else
+			__git_dir=${opt_args[--git-dir]}
+		fi
+
+		(( $+opt_args[--help] )) && command='help'
+
+		words=( ${orig_words[@]} )
+
+		__git_zsh_bash_func $command
+		;;
+	esac
+}
+
+_git ()
+{
+	local _ret=1
+	local cur cword prev
+
+	cur=${words[CURRENT]}
+	prev=${words[CURRENT-1]}
+	let cword=CURRENT-1
+
+	if (( $+functions[__${service}_zsh_main] )); then
+		__${service}_zsh_main
+	else
+		emulate ksh -c __${service}_main
+	fi
+
+	let _ret && _default && _ret=0
+	return _ret
+}
+
+_git
diff --git a/contrib/completion/git-prompt.sh b/contrib/completion/git-prompt.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..54e4829
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/completion/git-prompt.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,415 @@
+# bash/zsh git prompt support
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2006,2007 Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>
+# Distributed under the GNU General Public License, version 2.0.
+#
+# This script allows you to see the current branch in your prompt.
+#
+# To enable:
+#
+#    1) Copy this file to somewhere (e.g. ~/.git-prompt.sh).
+#    2) Add the following line to your .bashrc/.zshrc:
+#        source ~/.git-prompt.sh
+#    3a) Change your PS1 to call __git_ps1 as
+#        command-substitution:
+#        Bash: PS1='[\u@\h \W$(__git_ps1 " (%s)")]\$ '
+#        ZSH:  PS1='[%n@%m %c$(__git_ps1 " (%s)")]\$ '
+#        the optional argument will be used as format string.
+#    3b) Alternatively, if you are using bash, __git_ps1 can be
+#        used for PROMPT_COMMAND with two parameters, <pre> and
+#        <post>, which are strings you would put in $PS1 before
+#        and after the status string generated by the git-prompt
+#        machinery.  e.g.
+#           PROMPT_COMMAND='__git_ps1 "\u@\h:\w" "\\\$ "'
+#        will show username, at-sign, host, colon, cwd, then
+#        various status string, followed by dollar and SP, as
+#        your prompt.
+#        Optionally, you can supply a third argument with a printf
+#        format string to finetune the output of the branch status
+#
+# The argument to __git_ps1 will be displayed only if you are currently
+# in a git repository.  The %s token will be the name of the current
+# branch.
+#
+# In addition, if you set GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE to a nonempty value,
+# unstaged (*) and staged (+) changes will be shown next to the branch
+# name.  You can configure this per-repository with the
+# bash.showDirtyState variable, which defaults to true once
+# GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE is enabled.
+#
+# You can also see if currently something is stashed, by setting
+# GIT_PS1_SHOWSTASHSTATE to a nonempty value. If something is stashed,
+# then a '$' will be shown next to the branch name.
+#
+# If you would like to see if there're untracked files, then you can set
+# GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES to a nonempty value. If there're untracked
+# files, then a '%' will be shown next to the branch name.  You can
+# configure this per-repository with the bash.showUntrackedFiles
+# variable, which defaults to true once GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES is
+# enabled.
+#
+# If you would like to see the difference between HEAD and its upstream,
+# set GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM="auto".  A "<" indicates you are behind, ">"
+# indicates you are ahead, "<>" indicates you have diverged and "="
+# indicates that there is no difference. You can further control
+# behaviour by setting GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM to a space-separated list
+# of values:
+#
+#     verbose       show number of commits ahead/behind (+/-) upstream
+#     legacy        don't use the '--count' option available in recent
+#                   versions of git-rev-list
+#     git           always compare HEAD to @{upstream}
+#     svn           always compare HEAD to your SVN upstream
+#
+# By default, __git_ps1 will compare HEAD to your SVN upstream if it can
+# find one, or @{upstream} otherwise.  Once you have set
+# GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM, you can override it on a per-repository basis by
+# setting the bash.showUpstream config variable.
+#
+# If you would like to see more information about the identity of
+# commits checked out as a detached HEAD, set GIT_PS1_DESCRIBE_STYLE
+# to one of these values:
+#
+#     contains      relative to newer annotated tag (v1.6.3.2~35)
+#     branch        relative to newer tag or branch (master~4)
+#     describe      relative to older annotated tag (v1.6.3.1-13-gdd42c2f)
+#     default       exactly matching tag
+#
+# If you would like a colored hint about the current dirty state, set
+# GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS to a nonempty value. The colors are based on
+# the colored output of "git status -sb".
+
+# __gitdir accepts 0 or 1 arguments (i.e., location)
+# returns location of .git repo
+__gitdir ()
+{
+	# Note: this function is duplicated in git-completion.bash
+	# When updating it, make sure you update the other one to match.
+	if [ -z "${1-}" ]; then
+		if [ -n "${__git_dir-}" ]; then
+			echo "$__git_dir"
+		elif [ -n "${GIT_DIR-}" ]; then
+			test -d "${GIT_DIR-}" || return 1
+			echo "$GIT_DIR"
+		elif [ -d .git ]; then
+			echo .git
+		else
+			git rev-parse --git-dir 2>/dev/null
+		fi
+	elif [ -d "$1/.git" ]; then
+		echo "$1/.git"
+	else
+		echo "$1"
+	fi
+}
+
+# stores the divergence from upstream in $p
+# used by GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM
+__git_ps1_show_upstream ()
+{
+	local key value
+	local svn_remote svn_url_pattern count n
+	local upstream=git legacy="" verbose=""
+
+	svn_remote=()
+	# get some config options from git-config
+	local output="$(git config -z --get-regexp '^(svn-remote\..*\.url|bash\.showupstream)$' 2>/dev/null | tr '\0\n' '\n ')"
+	while read -r key value; do
+		case "$key" in
+		bash.showupstream)
+			GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM="$value"
+			if [[ -z "${GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM}" ]]; then
+				p=""
+				return
+			fi
+			;;
+		svn-remote.*.url)
+			svn_remote[$((${#svn_remote[@]} + 1))]="$value"
+			svn_url_pattern+="\\|$value"
+			upstream=svn+git # default upstream is SVN if available, else git
+			;;
+		esac
+	done <<< "$output"
+
+	# parse configuration values
+	for option in ${GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM}; do
+		case "$option" in
+		git|svn) upstream="$option" ;;
+		verbose) verbose=1 ;;
+		legacy)  legacy=1  ;;
+		esac
+	done
+
+	# Find our upstream
+	case "$upstream" in
+	git)    upstream="@{upstream}" ;;
+	svn*)
+		# get the upstream from the "git-svn-id: ..." in a commit message
+		# (git-svn uses essentially the same procedure internally)
+		local -a svn_upstream
+		svn_upstream=($(git log --first-parent -1 \
+					--grep="^git-svn-id: \(${svn_url_pattern#??}\)" 2>/dev/null))
+		if [[ 0 -ne ${#svn_upstream[@]} ]]; then
+			svn_upstream=${svn_upstream[${#svn_upstream[@]} - 2]}
+			svn_upstream=${svn_upstream%@*}
+			local n_stop="${#svn_remote[@]}"
+			for ((n=1; n <= n_stop; n++)); do
+				svn_upstream=${svn_upstream#${svn_remote[$n]}}
+			done
+
+			if [[ -z "$svn_upstream" ]]; then
+				# default branch name for checkouts with no layout:
+				upstream=${GIT_SVN_ID:-git-svn}
+			else
+				upstream=${svn_upstream#/}
+			fi
+		elif [[ "svn+git" = "$upstream" ]]; then
+			upstream="@{upstream}"
+		fi
+		;;
+	esac
+
+	# Find how many commits we are ahead/behind our upstream
+	if [[ -z "$legacy" ]]; then
+		count="$(git rev-list --count --left-right \
+				"$upstream"...HEAD 2>/dev/null)"
+	else
+		# produce equivalent output to --count for older versions of git
+		local commits
+		if commits="$(git rev-list --left-right "$upstream"...HEAD 2>/dev/null)"
+		then
+			local commit behind=0 ahead=0
+			for commit in $commits
+			do
+				case "$commit" in
+				"<"*) ((behind++)) ;;
+				*)    ((ahead++))  ;;
+				esac
+			done
+			count="$behind	$ahead"
+		else
+			count=""
+		fi
+	fi
+
+	# calculate the result
+	if [[ -z "$verbose" ]]; then
+		case "$count" in
+		"") # no upstream
+			p="" ;;
+		"0	0") # equal to upstream
+			p="=" ;;
+		"0	"*) # ahead of upstream
+			p=">" ;;
+		*"	0") # behind upstream
+			p="<" ;;
+		*)	    # diverged from upstream
+			p="<>" ;;
+		esac
+	else
+		case "$count" in
+		"") # no upstream
+			p="" ;;
+		"0	0") # equal to upstream
+			p=" u=" ;;
+		"0	"*) # ahead of upstream
+			p=" u+${count#0	}" ;;
+		*"	0") # behind upstream
+			p=" u-${count%	0}" ;;
+		*)	    # diverged from upstream
+			p=" u+${count#*	}-${count%	*}" ;;
+		esac
+	fi
+
+}
+
+
+# __git_ps1 accepts 0 or 1 arguments (i.e., format string)
+# when called from PS1 using command substitution
+# in this mode it prints text to add to bash PS1 prompt (includes branch name)
+#
+# __git_ps1 requires 2 or 3 arguments when called from PROMPT_COMMAND (pc)
+# in that case it _sets_ PS1. The arguments are parts of a PS1 string.
+# when two arguments are given, the first is prepended and the second appended
+# to the state string when assigned to PS1.
+# The optional third parameter will be used as printf format string to further
+# customize the output of the git-status string.
+# In this mode you can request colored hints using GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS=true
+__git_ps1 ()
+{
+	local pcmode=no
+	local detached=no
+	local ps1pc_start='\u@\h:\w '
+	local ps1pc_end='\$ '
+	local printf_format=' (%s)'
+
+	case "$#" in
+		2|3)	pcmode=yes
+			ps1pc_start="$1"
+			ps1pc_end="$2"
+			printf_format="${3:-$printf_format}"
+		;;
+		0|1)	printf_format="${1:-$printf_format}"
+		;;
+		*)	return
+		;;
+	esac
+
+	local g="$(__gitdir)"
+	if [ -z "$g" ]; then
+		if [ $pcmode = yes ]; then
+			#In PC mode PS1 always needs to be set
+			PS1="$ps1pc_start$ps1pc_end"
+		fi
+	else
+		local r=""
+		local b=""
+		local step=""
+		local total=""
+		if [ -d "$g/rebase-merge" ]; then
+			b="$(cat "$g/rebase-merge/head-name")"
+			step=$(cat "$g/rebase-merge/msgnum")
+			total=$(cat "$g/rebase-merge/end")
+			if [ -f "$g/rebase-merge/interactive" ]; then
+				r="|REBASE-i"
+			else
+				r="|REBASE-m"
+			fi
+		else
+			if [ -d "$g/rebase-apply" ]; then
+				step=$(cat "$g/rebase-apply/next")
+				total=$(cat "$g/rebase-apply/last")
+				if [ -f "$g/rebase-apply/rebasing" ]; then
+					b="$(cat "$g/rebase-apply/head-name")"
+					r="|REBASE"
+				elif [ -f "$g/rebase-apply/applying" ]; then
+					r="|AM"
+				else
+					r="|AM/REBASE"
+				fi
+			elif [ -f "$g/MERGE_HEAD" ]; then
+				r="|MERGING"
+			elif [ -f "$g/CHERRY_PICK_HEAD" ]; then
+				r="|CHERRY-PICKING"
+			elif [ -f "$g/REVERT_HEAD" ]; then
+				r="|REVERTING"
+			elif [ -f "$g/BISECT_LOG" ]; then
+				r="|BISECTING"
+			fi
+
+			test -n "$b" ||
+			b="$(git symbolic-ref HEAD 2>/dev/null)" || {
+				detached=yes
+				b="$(
+				case "${GIT_PS1_DESCRIBE_STYLE-}" in
+				(contains)
+					git describe --contains HEAD ;;
+				(branch)
+					git describe --contains --all HEAD ;;
+				(describe)
+					git describe HEAD ;;
+				(* | default)
+					git describe --tags --exact-match HEAD ;;
+				esac 2>/dev/null)" ||
+
+				b="$(cut -c1-7 "$g/HEAD" 2>/dev/null)..." ||
+				b="unknown"
+				b="($b)"
+			}
+		fi
+
+		if [ -n "$step" ] && [ -n "$total" ]; then
+			r="$r $step/$total"
+		fi
+
+		local w=""
+		local i=""
+		local s=""
+		local u=""
+		local c=""
+		local p=""
+
+		if [ "true" = "$(git rev-parse --is-inside-git-dir 2>/dev/null)" ]; then
+			if [ "true" = "$(git rev-parse --is-bare-repository 2>/dev/null)" ]; then
+				c="BARE:"
+			else
+				b="GIT_DIR!"
+			fi
+		elif [ "true" = "$(git rev-parse --is-inside-work-tree 2>/dev/null)" ]; then
+			if [ -n "${GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE-}" ] &&
+			   [ "$(git config --bool bash.showDirtyState)" != "false" ]
+			then
+				git diff --no-ext-diff --quiet --exit-code || w="*"
+				if git rev-parse --quiet --verify HEAD >/dev/null; then
+					git diff-index --cached --quiet HEAD -- || i="+"
+				else
+					i="#"
+				fi
+			fi
+			if [ -n "${GIT_PS1_SHOWSTASHSTATE-}" ]; then
+				git rev-parse --verify refs/stash >/dev/null 2>&1 && s="$"
+			fi
+
+			if [ -n "${GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES-}" ] &&
+			   [ "$(git config --bool bash.showUntrackedFiles)" != "false" ] &&
+			   [ -n "$(git ls-files --others --exclude-standard)" ]
+			then
+				u="%${ZSH_VERSION+%}"
+			fi
+
+			if [ -n "${GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM-}" ]; then
+				__git_ps1_show_upstream
+			fi
+		fi
+
+		local f="$w$i$s$u"
+		if [ $pcmode = yes ]; then
+			local gitstring=
+			if [ -n "${GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS-}" ]; then
+				local c_red='\e[31m'
+				local c_green='\e[32m'
+				local c_lblue='\e[1;34m'
+				local c_clear='\e[0m'
+				local bad_color=$c_red
+				local ok_color=$c_green
+				local branch_color="$c_clear"
+				local flags_color="$c_lblue"
+				local branchstring="$c${b##refs/heads/}"
+
+				if [ $detached = no ]; then
+					branch_color="$ok_color"
+				else
+					branch_color="$bad_color"
+				fi
+
+				# Setting gitstring directly with \[ and \] around colors
+				# is necessary to prevent wrapping issues!
+				gitstring="\[$branch_color\]$branchstring\[$c_clear\]"
+
+				if [ -n "$w$i$s$u$r$p" ]; then
+					gitstring="$gitstring "
+				fi
+				if [ "$w" = "*" ]; then
+					gitstring="$gitstring\[$bad_color\]$w"
+				fi
+				if [ -n "$i" ]; then
+					gitstring="$gitstring\[$ok_color\]$i"
+				fi
+				if [ -n "$s" ]; then
+					gitstring="$gitstring\[$flags_color\]$s"
+				fi
+				if [ -n "$u" ]; then
+					gitstring="$gitstring\[$bad_color\]$u"
+				fi
+				gitstring="$gitstring\[$c_clear\]$r$p"
+			else
+				gitstring="$c${b##refs/heads/}${f:+ $f}$r$p"
+			fi
+			gitstring=$(printf -- "$printf_format" "$gitstring")
+			PS1="$ps1pc_start$gitstring$ps1pc_end"
+		else
+			# NO color option unless in PROMPT_COMMAND mode
+			printf -- "$printf_format" "$c${b##refs/heads/}${f:+ $f}$r$p"
+		fi
+	fi
+}
diff --git a/contrib/credential/gnome-keyring/.gitignore b/contrib/credential/gnome-keyring/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..88d8fcd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/credential/gnome-keyring/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+git-credential-gnome-keyring
diff --git a/contrib/credential/gnome-keyring/Makefile b/contrib/credential/gnome-keyring/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e6561d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/credential/gnome-keyring/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+MAIN:=git-credential-gnome-keyring
+all:: $(MAIN)
+
+CC = gcc
+RM = rm -f
+CFLAGS = -g -O2 -Wall
+
+-include ../../../config.mak.autogen
+-include ../../../config.mak
+
+INCS:=$(shell pkg-config --cflags gnome-keyring-1)
+LIBS:=$(shell pkg-config --libs gnome-keyring-1)
+
+SRCS:=$(MAIN).c
+OBJS:=$(SRCS:.c=.o)
+
+%.o: %.c
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(INCS) -o $@ -c $<
+
+$(MAIN): $(OBJS)
+	$(CC) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS) $^ $(LIBS)
+
+clean:
+	@$(RM) $(MAIN) $(OBJS)
diff --git a/contrib/credential/gnome-keyring/git-credential-gnome-keyring.c b/contrib/credential/gnome-keyring/git-credential-gnome-keyring.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2cdefe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/credential/gnome-keyring/git-credential-gnome-keyring.c
@@ -0,0 +1,445 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2011 John Szakmeister <john@szakmeister.net>
+ *               2012 Philipp A. Hartmann <pah@qo.cx>
+ *
+ *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ *  (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *  GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Credits:
+ * - GNOME Keyring API handling originally written by John Szakmeister
+ * - ported to credential helper API by Philipp A. Hartmann
+ */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <gnome-keyring.h>
+
+/*
+ * This credential struct and API is simplified from git's credential.{h,c}
+ */
+struct credential
+{
+	char          *protocol;
+	char          *host;
+	unsigned short port;
+	char          *path;
+	char          *username;
+	char          *password;
+};
+
+#define CREDENTIAL_INIT \
+  { NULL,NULL,0,NULL,NULL,NULL }
+
+void credential_init(struct credential *c);
+void credential_clear(struct credential *c);
+int  credential_read(struct credential *c);
+void credential_write(const struct credential *c);
+
+typedef int (*credential_op_cb)(struct credential*);
+
+struct credential_operation
+{
+	char             *name;
+	credential_op_cb op;
+};
+
+#define CREDENTIAL_OP_END \
+  { NULL,NULL }
+
+/*
+ * Table with operation callbacks is defined in concrete
+ * credential helper implementation and contains entries
+ * like { "get", function_to_get_credential } terminated
+ * by CREDENTIAL_OP_END.
+ */
+struct credential_operation const credential_helper_ops[];
+
+/* ---------------- common helper functions ----------------- */
+
+static inline void free_password(char *password)
+{
+	char *c = password;
+	if (!password)
+		return;
+
+	while (*c) *c++ = '\0';
+	free(password);
+}
+
+static inline void warning(const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list ap;
+
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	fprintf(stderr, "warning: ");
+	vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
+	fprintf(stderr, "\n" );
+	va_end(ap);
+}
+
+static inline void error(const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list ap;
+
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	fprintf(stderr, "error: ");
+	vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
+	fprintf(stderr, "\n" );
+	va_end(ap);
+}
+
+static inline void die(const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list ap;
+
+	va_start(ap,fmt);
+	error(fmt, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+}
+
+static inline void die_errno(int err)
+{
+	error("%s", strerror(err));
+	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+}
+
+static inline char *xstrdup(const char *str)
+{
+	char *ret = strdup(str);
+	if (!ret)
+		die_errno(errno);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/* ----------------- GNOME Keyring functions ----------------- */
+
+/* create a special keyring option string, if path is given */
+static char* keyring_object(struct credential *c)
+{
+	char* object = NULL;
+
+	if (!c->path)
+		return object;
+
+	object = (char*) malloc(strlen(c->host)+strlen(c->path)+8);
+	if(!object)
+		die_errno(errno);
+
+	if(c->port)
+		sprintf(object,"%s:%hd/%s",c->host,c->port,c->path);
+	else
+		sprintf(object,"%s/%s",c->host,c->path);
+
+	return object;
+}
+
+int keyring_get(struct credential *c)
+{
+	char* object = NULL;
+	GList *entries;
+	GnomeKeyringNetworkPasswordData *password_data;
+	GnomeKeyringResult result;
+
+	if (!c->protocol || !(c->host || c->path))
+		return EXIT_FAILURE;
+
+	object = keyring_object(c);
+
+	result = gnome_keyring_find_network_password_sync(
+				c->username,
+				NULL /* domain */,
+				c->host,
+				object,
+				c->protocol,
+				NULL /* authtype */,
+				c->port,
+				&entries);
+
+	free(object);
+
+	if (result == GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_NO_MATCH)
+		return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+
+	if (result == GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_CANCELLED)
+		return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+
+	if (result != GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_OK) {
+		error("%s",gnome_keyring_result_to_message(result));
+		return EXIT_FAILURE;
+	}
+
+	/* pick the first one from the list */
+	password_data = (GnomeKeyringNetworkPasswordData *) entries->data;
+
+	free_password(c->password);
+	c->password = xstrdup(password_data->password);
+
+	if (!c->username)
+		c->username = xstrdup(password_data->user);
+
+	gnome_keyring_network_password_list_free(entries);
+
+	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+
+int keyring_store(struct credential *c)
+{
+	guint32 item_id;
+	char  *object = NULL;
+
+	/*
+	 * Sanity check that what we are storing is actually sensible.
+	 * In particular, we can't make a URL without a protocol field.
+	 * Without either a host or pathname (depending on the scheme),
+	 * we have no primary key. And without a username and password,
+	 * we are not actually storing a credential.
+	 */
+	if (!c->protocol || !(c->host || c->path) ||
+	    !c->username || !c->password)
+		return EXIT_FAILURE;
+
+	object = keyring_object(c);
+
+	gnome_keyring_set_network_password_sync(
+				GNOME_KEYRING_DEFAULT,
+				c->username,
+				NULL /* domain */,
+				c->host,
+				object,
+				c->protocol,
+				NULL /* authtype */,
+				c->port,
+				c->password,
+				&item_id);
+
+	free(object);
+	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+int keyring_erase(struct credential *c)
+{
+	char  *object = NULL;
+	GList *entries;
+	GnomeKeyringNetworkPasswordData *password_data;
+	GnomeKeyringResult result;
+
+	/*
+	 * Sanity check that we actually have something to match
+	 * against. The input we get is a restrictive pattern,
+	 * so technically a blank credential means "erase everything".
+	 * But it is too easy to accidentally send this, since it is equivalent
+	 * to empty input. So explicitly disallow it, and require that the
+	 * pattern have some actual content to match.
+	 */
+	if (!c->protocol && !c->host && !c->path && !c->username)
+		return EXIT_FAILURE;
+
+	object = keyring_object(c);
+
+	result = gnome_keyring_find_network_password_sync(
+				c->username,
+				NULL /* domain */,
+				c->host,
+				object,
+				c->protocol,
+				NULL /* authtype */,
+				c->port,
+				&entries);
+
+	free(object);
+
+	if (result == GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_NO_MATCH)
+		return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+
+	if (result == GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_CANCELLED)
+		return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+
+	if (result != GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_OK)
+	{
+		error("%s",gnome_keyring_result_to_message(result));
+		return EXIT_FAILURE;
+	}
+
+	/* pick the first one from the list (delete all matches?) */
+	password_data = (GnomeKeyringNetworkPasswordData *) entries->data;
+
+	result = gnome_keyring_item_delete_sync(
+		password_data->keyring, password_data->item_id);
+
+	gnome_keyring_network_password_list_free(entries);
+
+	if (result != GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_OK)
+	{
+		error("%s",gnome_keyring_result_to_message(result));
+		return EXIT_FAILURE;
+	}
+
+	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Table with helper operation callbacks, used by generic
+ * credential helper main function.
+ */
+struct credential_operation const credential_helper_ops[] =
+{
+	{ "get",   keyring_get   },
+	{ "store", keyring_store },
+	{ "erase", keyring_erase },
+	CREDENTIAL_OP_END
+};
+
+/* ------------------ credential functions ------------------ */
+
+void credential_init(struct credential *c)
+{
+	memset(c, 0, sizeof(*c));
+}
+
+void credential_clear(struct credential *c)
+{
+	free(c->protocol);
+	free(c->host);
+	free(c->path);
+	free(c->username);
+	free_password(c->password);
+
+	credential_init(c);
+}
+
+int credential_read(struct credential *c)
+{
+	char    buf[1024];
+	ssize_t line_len = 0;
+	char   *key      = buf;
+	char   *value;
+
+	while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin))
+	{
+		line_len = strlen(buf);
+
+		if(buf[line_len-1]=='\n')
+			buf[--line_len]='\0';
+
+		if(!line_len)
+			break;
+
+		value = strchr(buf,'=');
+		if(!value) {
+			warning("invalid credential line: %s", key);
+			return -1;
+		}
+		*value++ = '\0';
+
+		if (!strcmp(key, "protocol")) {
+			free(c->protocol);
+			c->protocol = xstrdup(value);
+		} else if (!strcmp(key, "host")) {
+			free(c->host);
+			c->host = xstrdup(value);
+			value = strrchr(c->host,':');
+			if (value) {
+				*value++ = '\0';
+				c->port = atoi(value);
+			}
+		} else if (!strcmp(key, "path")) {
+			free(c->path);
+			c->path = xstrdup(value);
+		} else if (!strcmp(key, "username")) {
+			free(c->username);
+			c->username = xstrdup(value);
+		} else if (!strcmp(key, "password")) {
+			free_password(c->password);
+			c->password = xstrdup(value);
+			while (*value) *value++ = '\0';
+		}
+		/*
+		 * Ignore other lines; we don't know what they mean, but
+		 * this future-proofs us when later versions of git do
+		 * learn new lines, and the helpers are updated to match.
+		 */
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void credential_write_item(FILE *fp, const char *key, const char *value)
+{
+	if (!value)
+		return;
+	fprintf(fp, "%s=%s\n", key, value);
+}
+
+void credential_write(const struct credential *c)
+{
+	/* only write username/password, if set */
+	credential_write_item(stdout, "username", c->username);
+	credential_write_item(stdout, "password", c->password);
+}
+
+static void usage(const char *name)
+{
+	struct credential_operation const *try_op = credential_helper_ops;
+	const char *basename = strrchr(name,'/');
+
+	basename = (basename) ? basename + 1 : name;
+	fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s <", basename);
+	while(try_op->name) {
+		fprintf(stderr,"%s",(try_op++)->name);
+		if(try_op->name)
+			fprintf(stderr,"%s","|");
+	}
+	fprintf(stderr,"%s",">\n");
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+	int ret = EXIT_SUCCESS;
+
+	struct credential_operation const *try_op = credential_helper_ops;
+	struct credential                  cred   = CREDENTIAL_INIT;
+
+	if (!argv[1]) {
+		usage(argv[0]);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* lookup operation callback */
+	while(try_op->name && strcmp(argv[1], try_op->name))
+		try_op++;
+
+	/* unsupported operation given -- ignore silently */
+	if(!try_op->name || !try_op->op)
+		goto out;
+
+	ret = credential_read(&cred);
+	if(ret)
+		goto out;
+
+	/* perform credential operation */
+	ret = (*try_op->op)(&cred);
+
+	credential_write(&cred);
+
+out:
+	credential_clear(&cred);
+	return ret;
+}
diff --git a/contrib/credential/netrc/Makefile b/contrib/credential/netrc/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..51b7613
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/credential/netrc/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+test:
+	./test.pl
+
+testverbose:
+	./test.pl -d -v
diff --git a/contrib/credential/netrc/git-credential-netrc b/contrib/credential/netrc/git-credential-netrc
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6c51c43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/credential/netrc/git-credential-netrc
@@ -0,0 +1,421 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+use Getopt::Long;
+use File::Basename;
+
+my $VERSION = "0.1";
+
+my %options = (
+	       help => 0,
+	       debug => 0,
+	       verbose => 0,
+	       insecure => 0,
+	       file => [],
+
+	       # identical token maps, e.g. host -> host, will be inserted later
+	       tmap => {
+			port => 'protocol',
+			machine => 'host',
+			path => 'path',
+			login => 'username',
+			user => 'username',
+			password => 'password',
+		       }
+	      );
+
+# Map each credential protocol token to itself on the netrc side.
+foreach (values %{$options{tmap}}) {
+	$options{tmap}->{$_} = $_;
+}
+
+# Now, $options{tmap} has a mapping from the netrc format to the Git credential
+# helper protocol.
+
+# Next, we build the reverse token map.
+
+# When $rmap{foo} contains 'bar', that means that what the Git credential helper
+# protocol calls 'bar' is found as 'foo' in the netrc/authinfo file.  Keys in
+# %rmap are what we expect to read from the netrc/authinfo file.
+
+my %rmap;
+foreach my $k (keys %{$options{tmap}}) {
+	push @{$rmap{$options{tmap}->{$k}}}, $k;
+}
+
+Getopt::Long::Configure("bundling");
+
+# TODO: maybe allow the token map $options{tmap} to be configurable.
+GetOptions(\%options,
+           "help|h",
+           "debug|d",
+           "insecure|k",
+           "verbose|v",
+           "file|f=s@",
+          );
+
+if ($options{help}) {
+	my $shortname = basename($0);
+	$shortname =~ s/git-credential-//;
+
+	print <<EOHIPPUS;
+
+$0 [-f AUTHFILE1] [-f AUTHFILEN] [-d] [-v] [-k] get
+
+Version $VERSION by tzz\@lifelogs.com.  License: BSD.
+
+Options:
+
+  -f|--file AUTHFILE : specify netrc-style files.  Files with the .gpg extension
+                       will be decrypted by GPG before parsing.  Multiple -f
+                       arguments are OK.  They are processed in order, and the
+                       first matching entry found is returned via the credential
+                       helper protocol (see below).
+
+                       When no -f option is given, .authinfo.gpg, .netrc.gpg,
+		       .authinfo, and .netrc files in your home directory are used
+		       in this order.
+
+  -k|--insecure      : ignore bad file ownership or permissions
+
+  -d|--debug         : turn on debugging (developer info)
+
+  -v|--verbose       : be more verbose (show files and information found)
+
+To enable this credential helper:
+
+  git config credential.helper '$shortname -f AUTHFILE1 -f AUTHFILE2'
+
+(Note that Git will prepend "git-credential-" to the helper name and look for it
+in the path.)
+
+...and if you want lots of debugging info:
+
+  git config credential.helper '$shortname -f AUTHFILE -d'
+
+...or to see the files opened and data found:
+
+  git config credential.helper '$shortname -f AUTHFILE -v'
+
+Only "get" mode is supported by this credential helper.  It opens every AUTHFILE
+and looks for the first entry that matches the requested search criteria:
+
+ 'port|protocol':
+   The protocol that will be used (e.g., https). (protocol=X)
+
+ 'machine|host':
+   The remote hostname for a network credential. (host=X)
+
+ 'path':
+   The path with which the credential will be used. (path=X)
+
+ 'login|user|username':
+   The credential’s username, if we already have one. (username=X)
+
+Thus, when we get this query on STDIN:
+
+host=github.com
+protocol=https
+username=tzz
+
+this credential helper will look for the first entry in every AUTHFILE that
+matches
+
+machine github.com port https login tzz
+
+OR
+
+machine github.com protocol https login tzz
+
+OR... etc. acceptable tokens as listed above.  Any unknown tokens are
+simply ignored.
+
+Then, the helper will print out whatever tokens it got from the entry, including
+"password" tokens, mapping back to Git's helper protocol; e.g. "port" is mapped
+back to "protocol".  Any redundant entry tokens (part of the original query) are
+skipped.
+
+Again, note that only the first matching entry from all the AUTHFILEs, processed
+in the sequence given on the command line, is used.
+
+Netrc/authinfo tokens can be quoted as 'STRING' or "STRING".
+
+No caching is performed by this credential helper.
+
+EOHIPPUS
+
+	exit 0;
+}
+
+my $mode = shift @ARGV;
+
+# Credentials must get a parameter, so die if it's missing.
+die "Syntax: $0 [-f AUTHFILE1] [-f AUTHFILEN] [-d] get" unless defined $mode;
+
+# Only support 'get' mode; with any other unsupported ones we just exit.
+exit 0 unless $mode eq 'get';
+
+my $files = $options{file};
+
+# if no files were given, use a predefined list.
+# note that .gpg files come first
+unless (scalar @$files) {
+	my @candidates = qw[
+				   ~/.authinfo.gpg
+				   ~/.netrc.gpg
+				   ~/.authinfo
+				   ~/.netrc
+			  ];
+
+	$files = $options{file} = [ map { glob $_ } @candidates ];
+}
+
+my $query = read_credential_data_from_stdin();
+
+FILE:
+foreach my $file (@$files) {
+	my $gpgmode = $file =~ m/\.gpg$/;
+	unless (-r $file) {
+		log_verbose("Unable to read $file; skipping it");
+		next FILE;
+	}
+
+	# the following check is copied from Net::Netrc, for non-GPG files
+	# OS/2 and Win32 do not handle stat in a way compatible with this check :-(
+	unless ($gpgmode || $options{insecure} ||
+		$^O eq 'os2'
+		|| $^O eq 'MSWin32'
+		|| $^O eq 'MacOS'
+		|| $^O =~ /^cygwin/) {
+		my @stat = stat($file);
+
+		if (@stat) {
+			if ($stat[2] & 077) {
+				log_verbose("Insecure $file (mode=%04o); skipping it",
+					    $stat[2] & 07777);
+				next FILE;
+			}
+
+			if ($stat[4] != $<) {
+				log_verbose("Not owner of $file; skipping it");
+				next FILE;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	my @entries = load_netrc($file, $gpgmode);
+
+	unless (scalar @entries) {
+		if ($!) {
+			log_verbose("Unable to open $file: $!");
+		} else {
+			log_verbose("No netrc entries found in $file");
+		}
+
+		next FILE;
+	}
+
+	my $entry = find_netrc_entry($query, @entries);
+	if ($entry) {
+		print_credential_data($entry, $query);
+		# we're done!
+		last FILE;
+	}
+}
+
+exit 0;
+
+sub load_netrc {
+	my $file = shift @_;
+	my $gpgmode = shift @_;
+
+	my $io;
+	if ($gpgmode) {
+		my @cmd = (qw(gpg --decrypt), $file);
+		log_verbose("Using GPG to open $file: [@cmd]");
+		open $io, "-|", @cmd;
+	} else {
+		log_verbose("Opening $file...");
+		open $io, '<', $file;
+	}
+
+	# nothing to do if the open failed (we log the error later)
+	return unless $io;
+
+	# Net::Netrc does this, but the functionality is merged with the file
+	# detection logic, so we have to extract just the part we need
+	my @netrc_entries = net_netrc_loader($io);
+
+	# these entries will use the credential helper protocol token names
+	my @entries;
+
+	foreach my $nentry (@netrc_entries) {
+		my %entry;
+		my $num_port;
+
+		if (!defined $nentry->{machine}) {
+			next;
+		}
+		if (defined $nentry->{port} && $nentry->{port} =~ m/^\d+$/) {
+			$num_port = $nentry->{port};
+			delete $nentry->{port};
+		}
+
+		# create the new entry for the credential helper protocol
+		$entry{$options{tmap}->{$_}} = $nentry->{$_} foreach keys %$nentry;
+
+		# for "host X port Y" where Y is an integer (captured by
+		# $num_port above), set the host to "X:Y"
+		if (defined $entry{host} && defined $num_port) {
+			$entry{host} = join(':', $entry{host}, $num_port);
+		}
+
+		push @entries, \%entry;
+	}
+
+	return @entries;
+}
+
+sub net_netrc_loader {
+	my $fh = shift @_;
+	my @entries;
+	my ($mach, $macdef, $tok, @tok);
+
+    LINE:
+	while (<$fh>) {
+		undef $macdef if /\A\n\Z/;
+
+		if ($macdef) {
+			next LINE;
+		}
+
+		s/^\s*//;
+		chomp;
+
+		while (length && s/^("((?:[^"]+|\\.)*)"|((?:[^\\\s]+|\\.)*))\s*//) {
+			(my $tok = $+) =~ s/\\(.)/$1/g;
+			push(@tok, $tok);
+		}
+
+	    TOKEN:
+		while (@tok) {
+			if ($tok[0] eq "default") {
+				shift(@tok);
+				$mach = { machine => undef };
+				next TOKEN;
+			}
+
+			$tok = shift(@tok);
+
+			if ($tok eq "machine") {
+				my $host = shift @tok;
+				$mach = { machine => $host };
+				push @entries, $mach;
+			} elsif (exists $options{tmap}->{$tok}) {
+				unless ($mach) {
+					log_debug("Skipping token $tok because no machine was given");
+					next TOKEN;
+				}
+
+				my $value = shift @tok;
+				unless (defined $value) {
+					log_debug("Token $tok had no value, skipping it.");
+					next TOKEN;
+				}
+
+				# Following line added by rmerrell to remove '/' escape char in .netrc
+				$value =~ s/\/\\/\\/g;
+				$mach->{$tok} = $value;
+			} elsif ($tok eq "macdef") { # we ignore macros
+				next TOKEN unless $mach;
+				my $value = shift @tok;
+				$macdef = 1;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return @entries;
+}
+
+sub read_credential_data_from_stdin {
+	# the query: start with every token with no value
+	my %q = map { $_ => undef } values(%{$options{tmap}});
+
+	while (<STDIN>) {
+		next unless m/^([^=]+)=(.+)/;
+
+		my ($token, $value) = ($1, $2);
+		die "Unknown search token $token" unless exists $q{$token};
+		$q{$token} = $value;
+		log_debug("We were given search token $token and value $value");
+	}
+
+	foreach (sort keys %q) {
+		log_debug("Searching for %s = %s", $_, $q{$_} || '(any value)');
+	}
+
+	return \%q;
+}
+
+# takes the search tokens and then a list of entries
+# each entry is a hash reference
+sub find_netrc_entry {
+	my $query = shift @_;
+
+    ENTRY:
+	foreach my $entry (@_)
+	{
+		my $entry_text = join ', ', map { "$_=$entry->{$_}" } keys %$entry;
+		foreach my $check (sort keys %$query) {
+			if (defined $query->{$check}) {
+				log_debug("compare %s [%s] to [%s] (entry: %s)",
+					  $check,
+					  $entry->{$check},
+					  $query->{$check},
+					  $entry_text);
+				unless ($query->{$check} eq $entry->{$check}) {
+					next ENTRY;
+				}
+			} else {
+				log_debug("OK: any value satisfies check $check");
+			}
+		}
+
+		return $entry;
+	}
+
+	# nothing was found
+	return;
+}
+
+sub print_credential_data {
+	my $entry = shift @_;
+	my $query = shift @_;
+
+	log_debug("entry has passed all the search checks");
+ TOKEN:
+	foreach my $git_token (sort keys %$entry) {
+		log_debug("looking for useful token $git_token");
+		# don't print unknown (to the credential helper protocol) tokens
+		next TOKEN unless exists $query->{$git_token};
+
+		# don't print things asked in the query (the entry matches them)
+		next TOKEN if defined $query->{$git_token};
+
+		log_debug("FOUND: $git_token=$entry->{$git_token}");
+		printf "%s=%s\n", $git_token, $entry->{$git_token};
+	}
+}
+sub log_verbose {
+	return unless $options{verbose};
+	printf STDERR @_;
+	printf STDERR "\n";
+}
+
+sub log_debug {
+	return unless $options{debug};
+	printf STDERR @_;
+	printf STDERR "\n";
+}
diff --git a/contrib/credential/netrc/test.netrc b/contrib/credential/netrc/test.netrc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba119a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/credential/netrc/test.netrc
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+machine imap login tzz@lifelogs.com port imaps password letmeknow
+machine imap login bob port imaps password bobwillknow
+
+# comment test
+
+machine imap2 login tzz port 1099 password tzzknow
+machine imap2 login bob password bobwillknow
+
+# another command
+
+machine github.com
+  multilinetoken anothervalue
+  login carol password carolknows
diff --git a/contrib/credential/netrc/test.pl b/contrib/credential/netrc/test.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..169b646
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/credential/netrc/test.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+use warnings;
+use strict;
+use Test;
+use IPC::Open2;
+
+BEGIN { plan tests => 15 }
+
+my @global_credential_args = @ARGV;
+my $netrc = './test.netrc';
+print "# Testing insecure file, nothing should be found\n";
+chmod 0644, $netrc;
+my $cred = run_credential(['-f', $netrc, 'get'],
+			  { host => 'github.com' });
+
+ok(scalar keys %$cred, 0, "Got 0 keys from insecure file");
+
+print "# Testing missing file, nothing should be found\n";
+chmod 0644, $netrc;
+$cred = run_credential(['-f', '///nosuchfile///', 'get'],
+		       { host => 'github.com' });
+
+ok(scalar keys %$cred, 0, "Got 0 keys from missing file");
+
+chmod 0600, $netrc;
+
+print "# Testing with invalid data\n";
+$cred = run_credential(['-f', $netrc, 'get'],
+		       "bad data");
+ok(scalar keys %$cred, 4, "Got first found keys with bad data");
+
+print "# Testing netrc file for a missing corovamilkbar entry\n";
+$cred = run_credential(['-f', $netrc, 'get'],
+		       { host => 'corovamilkbar' });
+
+ok(scalar keys %$cred, 0, "Got no corovamilkbar keys");
+
+print "# Testing netrc file for a github.com entry\n";
+$cred = run_credential(['-f', $netrc, 'get'],
+		       { host => 'github.com' });
+
+ok(scalar keys %$cred, 2, "Got 2 Github keys");
+
+ok($cred->{password}, 'carolknows', "Got correct Github password");
+ok($cred->{username}, 'carol', "Got correct Github username");
+
+print "# Testing netrc file for a username-specific entry\n";
+$cred = run_credential(['-f', $netrc, 'get'],
+		       { host => 'imap', username => 'bob' });
+
+ok(scalar keys %$cred, 2, "Got 2 username-specific keys");
+
+ok($cred->{password}, 'bobwillknow', "Got correct user-specific password");
+ok($cred->{protocol}, 'imaps', "Got correct user-specific protocol");
+
+print "# Testing netrc file for a host:port-specific entry\n";
+$cred = run_credential(['-f', $netrc, 'get'],
+		       { host => 'imap2:1099' });
+
+ok(scalar keys %$cred, 2, "Got 2 host:port-specific keys");
+
+ok($cred->{password}, 'tzzknow', "Got correct host:port-specific password");
+ok($cred->{username}, 'tzz', "Got correct host:port-specific username");
+
+print "# Testing netrc file that 'host:port kills host' entry\n";
+$cred = run_credential(['-f', $netrc, 'get'],
+		       { host => 'imap2' });
+
+ok(scalar keys %$cred, 2, "Got 2 'host:port kills host' keys");
+
+ok($cred->{password}, 'bobwillknow', "Got correct 'host:port kills host' password");
+ok($cred->{username}, 'bob', "Got correct 'host:port kills host' username");
+
+sub run_credential
+{
+	my $args = shift @_;
+	my $data = shift @_;
+	my $pid = open2(my $chld_out, my $chld_in,
+			'./git-credential-netrc', @global_credential_args,
+			@$args);
+
+	die "Couldn't open pipe to netrc credential helper: $!" unless $pid;
+
+	if (ref $data eq 'HASH')
+	{
+		print $chld_in "$_=$data->{$_}\n" foreach sort keys %$data;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		print $chld_in "$data\n";
+	}
+
+	close $chld_in;
+	my %ret;
+
+	while (<$chld_out>)
+	{
+		chomp;
+		next unless m/^([^=]+)=(.+)/;
+
+		$ret{$1} = $2;
+	}
+
+	return \%ret;
+}
diff --git a/contrib/credential/osxkeychain/git-credential-osxkeychain.c b/contrib/credential/osxkeychain/git-credential-osxkeychain.c
index 6beed12..3940202 100644
--- a/contrib/credential/osxkeychain/git-credential-osxkeychain.c
+++ b/contrib/credential/osxkeychain/git-credential-osxkeychain.c
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@
 int main(int argc, const char **argv)
 {
 	const char *usage =
-		"Usage: git credential-osxkeychain <get|store|erase>";
+		"usage: git credential-osxkeychain <get|store|erase>";
 
 	if (!argv[1])
 		die(usage);
diff --git a/contrib/credential/wincred/Makefile b/contrib/credential/wincred/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bad45ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/credential/wincred/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+all: git-credential-wincred.exe
+
+CC = gcc
+RM = rm -f
+CFLAGS = -O2 -Wall
+
+-include ../../../config.mak.autogen
+-include ../../../config.mak
+
+git-credential-wincred.exe : git-credential-wincred.c
+	$(LINK.c) $^ $(LOADLIBES) $(LDLIBS) -o $@
+
+clean:
+	$(RM) git-credential-wincred.exe
diff --git a/contrib/credential/wincred/git-credential-wincred.c b/contrib/credential/wincred/git-credential-wincred.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1d38f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/credential/wincred/git-credential-wincred.c
@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+/*
+ * A git credential helper that interface with Windows' Credential Manager
+ *
+ */
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <io.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+
+/* common helpers */
+
+#define ARRAY_SIZE(x) (sizeof(x)/sizeof(x[0]))
+
+static void die(const char *err, ...)
+{
+	char msg[4096];
+	va_list params;
+	va_start(params, err);
+	vsnprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), err, params);
+	fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", msg);
+	va_end(params);
+	exit(1);
+}
+
+static void *xmalloc(size_t size)
+{
+	void *ret = malloc(size);
+	if (!ret && !size)
+		ret = malloc(1);
+	if (!ret)
+		 die("Out of memory");
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/* MinGW doesn't have wincred.h, so we need to define stuff */
+
+typedef struct _CREDENTIAL_ATTRIBUTEW {
+	LPWSTR Keyword;
+	DWORD  Flags;
+	DWORD  ValueSize;
+	LPBYTE Value;
+} CREDENTIAL_ATTRIBUTEW, *PCREDENTIAL_ATTRIBUTEW;
+
+typedef struct _CREDENTIALW {
+	DWORD                  Flags;
+	DWORD                  Type;
+	LPWSTR                 TargetName;
+	LPWSTR                 Comment;
+	FILETIME               LastWritten;
+	DWORD                  CredentialBlobSize;
+	LPBYTE                 CredentialBlob;
+	DWORD                  Persist;
+	DWORD                  AttributeCount;
+	PCREDENTIAL_ATTRIBUTEW Attributes;
+	LPWSTR                 TargetAlias;
+	LPWSTR                 UserName;
+} CREDENTIALW, *PCREDENTIALW;
+
+#define CRED_TYPE_GENERIC 1
+#define CRED_PERSIST_LOCAL_MACHINE 2
+#define CRED_MAX_ATTRIBUTES 64
+
+typedef BOOL (WINAPI *CredWriteWT)(PCREDENTIALW, DWORD);
+typedef BOOL (WINAPI *CredEnumerateWT)(LPCWSTR, DWORD, DWORD *,
+    PCREDENTIALW **);
+typedef VOID (WINAPI *CredFreeT)(PVOID);
+typedef BOOL (WINAPI *CredDeleteWT)(LPCWSTR, DWORD, DWORD);
+
+static HMODULE advapi;
+static CredWriteWT CredWriteW;
+static CredEnumerateWT CredEnumerateW;
+static CredFreeT CredFree;
+static CredDeleteWT CredDeleteW;
+
+static void load_cred_funcs(void)
+{
+	/* load DLLs */
+	advapi = LoadLibrary("advapi32.dll");
+	if (!advapi)
+		die("failed to load advapi32.dll");
+
+	/* get function pointers */
+	CredWriteW = (CredWriteWT)GetProcAddress(advapi, "CredWriteW");
+	CredEnumerateW = (CredEnumerateWT)GetProcAddress(advapi,
+	    "CredEnumerateW");
+	CredFree = (CredFreeT)GetProcAddress(advapi, "CredFree");
+	CredDeleteW = (CredDeleteWT)GetProcAddress(advapi, "CredDeleteW");
+	if (!CredWriteW || !CredEnumerateW || !CredFree || !CredDeleteW)
+		die("failed to load functions");
+}
+
+static WCHAR *wusername, *password, *protocol, *host, *path, target[1024];
+
+static void write_item(const char *what, LPCWSTR wbuf, int wlen)
+{
+	char *buf;
+	int len = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wbuf, wlen, NULL, 0, NULL,
+	    FALSE);
+	buf = xmalloc(len);
+
+	if (!WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wbuf, wlen, buf, len, NULL, FALSE))
+		die("WideCharToMultiByte failed!");
+
+	printf("%s=", what);
+	fwrite(buf, 1, len, stdout);
+	putchar('\n');
+	free(buf);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Match an (optional) expected string and a delimiter in the target string,
+ * consuming the matched text by updating the target pointer.
+ */
+static int match_part(LPCWSTR *ptarget, LPCWSTR want, LPCWSTR delim)
+{
+	LPCWSTR delim_pos, start = *ptarget;
+	int len;
+
+	/* find start of delimiter (or end-of-string if delim is empty) */
+	if (*delim)
+		delim_pos = wcsstr(start, delim);
+	else
+		delim_pos = start + wcslen(start);
+
+	/*
+	 * match text up to delimiter, or end of string (e.g. the '/' after
+	 * host is optional if not followed by a path)
+	 */
+	if (delim_pos)
+		len = delim_pos - start;
+	else
+		len = wcslen(start);
+
+	/* update ptarget if we either found a delimiter or need a match */
+	if (delim_pos || want)
+		*ptarget = delim_pos ? delim_pos + wcslen(delim) : start + len;
+
+	return !want || (!wcsncmp(want, start, len) && !want[len]);
+}
+
+static int match_cred(const CREDENTIALW *cred)
+{
+	LPCWSTR target = cred->TargetName;
+	if (wusername && wcscmp(wusername, cred->UserName))
+		return 0;
+
+	return match_part(&target, L"git", L":") &&
+		match_part(&target, protocol, L"://") &&
+		match_part(&target, wusername, L"@") &&
+		match_part(&target, host, L"/") &&
+		match_part(&target, path, L"");
+}
+
+static void get_credential(void)
+{
+	CREDENTIALW **creds;
+	DWORD num_creds;
+	int i;
+
+	if (!CredEnumerateW(L"git:*", 0, &num_creds, &creds))
+		return;
+
+	/* search for the first credential that matches username */
+	for (i = 0; i < num_creds; ++i)
+		if (match_cred(creds[i])) {
+			write_item("username", creds[i]->UserName,
+				wcslen(creds[i]->UserName));
+			write_item("password",
+				(LPCWSTR)creds[i]->CredentialBlob,
+				creds[i]->CredentialBlobSize / sizeof(WCHAR));
+			break;
+		}
+
+	CredFree(creds);
+}
+
+static void store_credential(void)
+{
+	CREDENTIALW cred;
+
+	if (!wusername || !password)
+		return;
+
+	cred.Flags = 0;
+	cred.Type = CRED_TYPE_GENERIC;
+	cred.TargetName = target;
+	cred.Comment = L"saved by git-credential-wincred";
+	cred.CredentialBlobSize = (wcslen(password)) * sizeof(WCHAR);
+	cred.CredentialBlob = (LPVOID)password;
+	cred.Persist = CRED_PERSIST_LOCAL_MACHINE;
+	cred.AttributeCount = 0;
+	cred.Attributes = NULL;
+	cred.TargetAlias = NULL;
+	cred.UserName = wusername;
+
+	if (!CredWriteW(&cred, 0))
+		die("CredWrite failed");
+}
+
+static void erase_credential(void)
+{
+	CREDENTIALW **creds;
+	DWORD num_creds;
+	int i;
+
+	if (!CredEnumerateW(L"git:*", 0, &num_creds, &creds))
+		return;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < num_creds; ++i) {
+		if (match_cred(creds[i]))
+			CredDeleteW(creds[i]->TargetName, creds[i]->Type, 0);
+	}
+
+	CredFree(creds);
+}
+
+static WCHAR *utf8_to_utf16_dup(const char *str)
+{
+	int wlen = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, str, -1, NULL, 0);
+	WCHAR *wstr = xmalloc(sizeof(WCHAR) * wlen);
+	MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, str, -1, wstr, wlen);
+	return wstr;
+}
+
+static void read_credential(void)
+{
+	char buf[1024];
+
+	while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin)) {
+		char *v;
+		int len = strlen(buf);
+		/* strip trailing CR / LF */
+		while (len && strchr("\r\n", buf[len - 1]))
+			buf[--len] = 0;
+
+		if (!*buf)
+			break;
+
+		v = strchr(buf, '=');
+		if (!v)
+			die("bad input: %s", buf);
+		*v++ = '\0';
+
+		if (!strcmp(buf, "protocol"))
+			protocol = utf8_to_utf16_dup(v);
+		else if (!strcmp(buf, "host"))
+			host = utf8_to_utf16_dup(v);
+		else if (!strcmp(buf, "path"))
+			path = utf8_to_utf16_dup(v);
+		else if (!strcmp(buf, "username")) {
+			wusername = utf8_to_utf16_dup(v);
+		} else if (!strcmp(buf, "password"))
+			password = utf8_to_utf16_dup(v);
+		else
+			die("unrecognized input");
+	}
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+	const char *usage =
+	    "usage: git credential-wincred <get|store|erase>\n";
+
+	if (!argv[1])
+		die(usage);
+
+	/* git use binary pipes to avoid CRLF-issues */
+	_setmode(_fileno(stdin), _O_BINARY);
+	_setmode(_fileno(stdout), _O_BINARY);
+
+	read_credential();
+
+	load_cred_funcs();
+
+	if (!protocol || !(host || path))
+		return 0;
+
+	/* prepare 'target', the unique key for the credential */
+	wcscpy(target, L"git:");
+	wcsncat(target, protocol, ARRAY_SIZE(target));
+	wcsncat(target, L"://", ARRAY_SIZE(target));
+	if (wusername) {
+		wcsncat(target, wusername, ARRAY_SIZE(target));
+		wcsncat(target, L"@", ARRAY_SIZE(target));
+	}
+	if (host)
+		wcsncat(target, host, ARRAY_SIZE(target));
+	if (path) {
+		wcsncat(target, L"/", ARRAY_SIZE(target));
+		wcsncat(target, path, ARRAY_SIZE(target));
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(argv[1], "get"))
+		get_credential();
+	else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "store"))
+		store_credential();
+	else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "erase"))
+		erase_credential();
+	/* otherwise, ignore unknown action */
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/contrib/emacs/git-blame.el b/contrib/emacs/git-blame.el
index d351cfb..e671f6c 100644
--- a/contrib/emacs/git-blame.el
+++ b/contrib/emacs/git-blame.el
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@
 
 (defun git-blame-cleanup ()
   "Remove all blame properties"
-    (mapcar 'delete-overlay git-blame-overlays)
+    (mapc 'delete-overlay git-blame-overlays)
     (setq git-blame-overlays nil)
     (remove-git-blame-text-properties (point-min) (point-max)))
 
@@ -337,16 +337,16 @@
 (defvar in-blame-filter nil)
 
 (defun git-blame-filter (proc str)
-  (save-excursion
-    (set-buffer (process-buffer proc))
-    (goto-char (process-mark proc))
-    (insert-before-markers str)
-    (goto-char 0)
-    (unless in-blame-filter
-      (let ((more t)
-            (in-blame-filter t))
-        (while more
-          (setq more (git-blame-parse)))))))
+  (with-current-buffer (process-buffer proc)
+    (save-excursion
+      (goto-char (process-mark proc))
+      (insert-before-markers str)
+      (goto-char (point-min))
+      (unless in-blame-filter
+        (let ((more t)
+              (in-blame-filter t))
+          (while more
+            (setq more (git-blame-parse))))))))
 
 (defun git-blame-parse ()
   (cond ((looking-at "\\([0-9a-f]\\{40\\}\\) \\([0-9]+\\) \\([0-9]+\\) \\([0-9]+\\)\n")
@@ -385,32 +385,33 @@
           info))))
 
 (defun git-blame-create-overlay (info start-line num-lines)
-  (save-excursion
-    (set-buffer git-blame-file)
-    (let ((inhibit-point-motion-hooks t)
-          (inhibit-modification-hooks t))
-      (goto-line start-line)
-      (let* ((start (point))
-             (end (progn (forward-line num-lines) (point)))
-             (ovl (make-overlay start end))
-             (hash (car info))
-             (spec `((?h . ,(substring hash 0 6))
-                     (?H . ,hash)
-                     (?a . ,(git-blame-get-info info 'author))
-                     (?A . ,(git-blame-get-info info 'author-mail))
-                     (?c . ,(git-blame-get-info info 'committer))
-                     (?C . ,(git-blame-get-info info 'committer-mail))
-                     (?s . ,(git-blame-get-info info 'summary)))))
-        (push ovl git-blame-overlays)
-        (overlay-put ovl 'git-blame info)
-        (overlay-put ovl 'help-echo
-                     (format-spec git-blame-mouseover-format spec))
-        (if git-blame-use-colors
-            (overlay-put ovl 'face (list :background
-                                         (cdr (assq 'color (cdr info))))))
-        (overlay-put ovl 'line-prefix
-                     (propertize (format-spec git-blame-prefix-format spec)
-                                 'face 'git-blame-prefix-face))))))
+  (with-current-buffer git-blame-file
+    (save-excursion
+      (let ((inhibit-point-motion-hooks t)
+            (inhibit-modification-hooks t))
+        (goto-char (point-min))
+        (forward-line (1- start-line))
+        (let* ((start (point))
+               (end (progn (forward-line num-lines) (point)))
+               (ovl (make-overlay start end))
+               (hash (car info))
+               (spec `((?h . ,(substring hash 0 6))
+                       (?H . ,hash)
+                       (?a . ,(git-blame-get-info info 'author))
+                       (?A . ,(git-blame-get-info info 'author-mail))
+                       (?c . ,(git-blame-get-info info 'committer))
+                       (?C . ,(git-blame-get-info info 'committer-mail))
+                       (?s . ,(git-blame-get-info info 'summary)))))
+          (push ovl git-blame-overlays)
+          (overlay-put ovl 'git-blame info)
+          (overlay-put ovl 'help-echo
+                       (format-spec git-blame-mouseover-format spec))
+          (if git-blame-use-colors
+              (overlay-put ovl 'face (list :background
+                                           (cdr (assq 'color (cdr info))))))
+          (overlay-put ovl 'line-prefix
+                       (propertize (format-spec git-blame-prefix-format spec)
+                                   'face 'git-blame-prefix-face)))))))
 
 (defun git-blame-add-info (info key value)
   (nconc info (list (cons (intern key) value))))
diff --git a/contrib/emacs/git.el b/contrib/emacs/git.el
index 65c95d9..5ffc506 100644
--- a/contrib/emacs/git.el
+++ b/contrib/emacs/git.el
@@ -1671,7 +1671,7 @@
   "Entry point into git-status mode."
   (interactive "DSelect directory: ")
   (setq dir (git-get-top-dir dir))
-  (if (file-directory-p (concat (file-name-as-directory dir) ".git"))
+  (if (file-exists-p (concat (file-name-as-directory dir) ".git"))
       (let ((buffer (or (and git-reuse-status-buffer (git-find-status-buffer dir))
                         (create-file-buffer (expand-file-name "*git-status*" dir)))))
         (switch-to-buffer buffer)
diff --git a/contrib/examples/builtin-fetch--tool.c b/contrib/examples/builtin-fetch--tool.c
index 0d54aa7..8bc8c75 100644
--- a/contrib/examples/builtin-fetch--tool.c
+++ b/contrib/examples/builtin-fetch--tool.c
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@
 	strcpy(oldh, find_unique_abbrev(current->object.sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
 	strcpy(newh, find_unique_abbrev(sha1_new, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
 
-	if (in_merge_bases(current, &updated, 1)) {
+	if (in_merge_bases(current, updated)) {
 		fprintf(stderr, "* %s: fast-forward to %s\n",
 			name, note);
 		fprintf(stderr, "  old..new: %s..%s\n", oldh, newh);
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-remote.perl b/contrib/examples/git-remote.perl
index b17952a..d42df7b 100755
--- a/contrib/examples/git-remote.perl
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-remote.perl
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@
 }
 
 sub add_usage {
-	print STDERR "Usage: git remote add [-f] [-t track]* [-m master] <name> <url>\n";
+	print STDERR "usage: git remote add [-f] [-t track]* [-m master] <name> <url>\n";
 	exit(1);
 }
 
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@
 		}
 	}
 	if ($i >= @ARGV) {
-		print STDERR "Usage: git remote show <remote>\n";
+		print STDERR "usage: git remote show <remote>\n";
 		exit(1);
 	}
 	my $status = 0;
@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@
 		}
 	}
 	if ($i >= @ARGV) {
-		print STDERR "Usage: git remote prune <remote>\n";
+		print STDERR "usage: git remote prune <remote>\n";
 		exit(1);
 	}
 	my $status = 0;
@@ -458,13 +458,13 @@
 }
 elsif ($ARGV[0] eq 'rm') {
 	if (@ARGV <= 1) {
-		print STDERR "Usage: git remote rm <remote>\n";
+		print STDERR "usage: git remote rm <remote>\n";
 		exit(1);
 	}
 	exit(rm_remote($ARGV[1]));
 }
 else {
-	print STDERR "Usage: git remote\n";
+	print STDERR "usage: git remote\n";
 	print STDERR "       git remote add <name> <url>\n";
 	print STDERR "       git remote rm <name>\n";
 	print STDERR "       git remote show <name>\n";
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-svnimport.perl b/contrib/examples/git-svnimport.perl
index b09ff8f..c414f0d 100755
--- a/contrib/examples/git-svnimport.perl
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-svnimport.perl
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
 
 sub usage() {
 	print STDERR <<END;
-Usage: ${\basename $0}     # fetch/update GIT from SVN
+usage: ${\basename $0}     # fetch/update GIT from SVN
        [-o branch-for-HEAD] [-h] [-v] [-l max_rev] [-R repack_each_revs]
        [-C GIT_repository] [-t tagname] [-T trunkname] [-b branchname]
        [-d|-D] [-i] [-u] [-r] [-I ignorefilename] [-s start_chg]
diff --git a/contrib/fast-import/git-import.perl b/contrib/fast-import/git-import.perl
index f9fef6d..0891b9e 100755
--- a/contrib/fast-import/git-import.perl
+++ b/contrib/fast-import/git-import.perl
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 use strict;
 use File::Find;
 
-my $USAGE = 'Usage: git-import branch import-message';
+my $USAGE = 'usage: git-import branch import-message';
 my $branch = shift or die "$USAGE\n";
 my $message = shift or die "$USAGE\n";
 
diff --git a/contrib/fast-import/git-import.sh b/contrib/fast-import/git-import.sh
index 0ca7718..f8d803c 100755
--- a/contrib/fast-import/git-import.sh
+++ b/contrib/fast-import/git-import.sh
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 # but is meant to be a simple fast-import example.
 
 if [ -z "$1" -o -z "$2" ]; then
-	echo "Usage: git-import branch import-message"
+	echo "usage: git-import branch import-message"
 	exit 1
 fi
 
diff --git a/contrib/fast-import/import-zips.py b/contrib/fast-import/import-zips.py
index 82f5ed3..d12c296 100755
--- a/contrib/fast-import/import-zips.py
+++ b/contrib/fast-import/import-zips.py
@@ -9,13 +9,18 @@
 ##  git log --stat import-zips
 
 from os import popen, path
-from sys import argv, exit
+from sys import argv, exit, hexversion, stderr
 from time import mktime
 from zipfile import ZipFile
 
+if hexversion < 0x01060000:
+    # The limiter is the zipfile module
+    stderr.write("import-zips.py: requires Python 1.6.0 or later.\n")
+    exit(1)
+
 if len(argv) < 2:
-	print 'Usage:', argv[0], '<zipfile>...'
-	exit(1)
+    print 'usage:', argv[0], '<zipfile>...'
+    exit(1)
 
 branch_ref = 'refs/heads/import-zips'
 committer_name = 'Z Ip Creator'
@@ -23,51 +28,51 @@
 
 fast_import = popen('git fast-import --quiet', 'w')
 def printlines(list):
-	for str in list:
-		fast_import.write(str + "\n")
+    for str in list:
+        fast_import.write(str + "\n")
 
 for zipfile in argv[1:]:
-	commit_time = 0
-	next_mark = 1
-	common_prefix = None
-	mark = dict()
+    commit_time = 0
+    next_mark = 1
+    common_prefix = None
+    mark = dict()
 
-	zip = ZipFile(zipfile, 'r')
-	for name in zip.namelist():
-		if name.endswith('/'):
-			continue
-		info = zip.getinfo(name)
+    zip = ZipFile(zipfile, 'r')
+    for name in zip.namelist():
+        if name.endswith('/'):
+            continue
+        info = zip.getinfo(name)
 
-		if commit_time < info.date_time:
-			commit_time = info.date_time
-		if common_prefix == None:
-			common_prefix = name[:name.rfind('/') + 1]
-		else:
-			while not name.startswith(common_prefix):
-				last_slash = common_prefix[:-1].rfind('/') + 1
-				common_prefix = common_prefix[:last_slash]
+        if commit_time < info.date_time:
+            commit_time = info.date_time
+        if common_prefix == None:
+            common_prefix = name[:name.rfind('/') + 1]
+        else:
+            while not name.startswith(common_prefix):
+                last_slash = common_prefix[:-1].rfind('/') + 1
+                common_prefix = common_prefix[:last_slash]
 
-		mark[name] = ':' + str(next_mark)
-		next_mark += 1
+        mark[name] = ':' + str(next_mark)
+        next_mark += 1
 
-		printlines(('blob', 'mark ' + mark[name], \
-					'data ' + str(info.file_size)))
-		fast_import.write(zip.read(name) + "\n")
+        printlines(('blob', 'mark ' + mark[name], \
+                    'data ' + str(info.file_size)))
+        fast_import.write(zip.read(name) + "\n")
 
-	committer = committer_name + ' <' + committer_email + '> %d +0000' % \
-		mktime(commit_time + (0, 0, 0))
+    committer = committer_name + ' <' + committer_email + '> %d +0000' % \
+        mktime(commit_time + (0, 0, 0))
 
-	printlines(('commit ' + branch_ref, 'committer ' + committer, \
-		'data <<EOM', 'Imported from ' + zipfile + '.', 'EOM', \
-		'', 'deleteall'))
+    printlines(('commit ' + branch_ref, 'committer ' + committer, \
+        'data <<EOM', 'Imported from ' + zipfile + '.', 'EOM', \
+        '', 'deleteall'))
 
-	for name in mark.keys():
-		fast_import.write('M 100644 ' + mark[name] + ' ' +
-			name[len(common_prefix):] + "\n")
+    for name in mark.keys():
+        fast_import.write('M 100644 ' + mark[name] + ' ' +
+            name[len(common_prefix):] + "\n")
 
-	printlines(('',  'tag ' + path.basename(zipfile), \
-		'from ' + branch_ref, 'tagger ' + committer, \
-		'data <<EOM', 'Package ' + zipfile, 'EOM', ''))
+    printlines(('',  'tag ' + path.basename(zipfile), \
+        'from ' + branch_ref, 'tagger ' + committer, \
+        'data <<EOM', 'Package ' + zipfile, 'EOM', ''))
 
 if fast_import.close():
-	exit(1)
+    exit(1)
diff --git a/contrib/git-jump/git-jump b/contrib/git-jump/git-jump
index a33674e..dc90cd6 100755
--- a/contrib/git-jump/git-jump
+++ b/contrib/git-jump/git-jump
@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@
 }
 
 mode_diff() {
-	git diff --relative "$@" |
+	git diff --no-prefix --relative "$@" |
 	perl -ne '
-	if (m{^\+\+\+ b/(.*)}) { $file = $1; next }
+	if (m{^\+\+\+ (.*)}) { $file = $1; next }
 	defined($file) or next;
 	if (m/^@@ .*\+(\d+)/) { $line = $1; next }
 	defined($line) or next;
diff --git a/contrib/hg-to-git/hg-to-git.py b/contrib/hg-to-git/hg-to-git.py
index 046cb2b..232625a 100755
--- a/contrib/hg-to-git/hg-to-git.py
+++ b/contrib/hg-to-git/hg-to-git.py
@@ -23,6 +23,11 @@
 import tempfile, pickle, getopt
 import re
 
+if sys.hexversion < 0x02030000:
+   # The behavior of the pickle module changed significantly in 2.3
+   sys.stderr.write("hg-to-git.py: requires Python 2.3 or later.\n")
+   sys.exit(1)
+
 # Maps hg version -> git version
 hgvers = {}
 # List of children for each hg revision
diff --git a/contrib/hooks/post-receive-email b/contrib/hooks/post-receive-email
index 01af9df..0e5b72d 100755
--- a/contrib/hooks/post-receive-email
+++ b/contrib/hooks/post-receive-email
@@ -237,6 +237,7 @@
 	X-Git-Reftype: $refname_type
 	X-Git-Oldrev: $oldrev
 	X-Git-Newrev: $newrev
+	Auto-Submitted: auto-generated
 
 	This is an automated email from the git hooks/post-receive script. It was
 	generated because a ref change was pushed to the repository containing
@@ -403,7 +404,7 @@
 			echo "            \\"
 			echo "             O -- O -- O ($oldrev)"
 			echo ""
-			echo "The removed revisions are not necessarilly gone - if another reference"
+			echo "The removed revisions are not necessarily gone - if another reference"
 			echo "still refers to them they will stay in the repository."
 			rewind_only=1
 		else
diff --git a/contrib/hooks/setgitperms.perl b/contrib/hooks/setgitperms.perl
index a577ad0..2770a1b 100644
--- a/contrib/hooks/setgitperms.perl
+++ b/contrib/hooks/setgitperms.perl
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 use File::Basename;
 
 my $usage =
-"Usage: setgitperms.perl [OPTION]... <--read|--write>
+"usage: setgitperms.perl [OPTION]... <--read|--write>
 This program uses a file `.gitmeta` to store/restore permissions and uid/gid
 info for all files/dirs tracked by git in the repository.
 
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/.gitignore b/contrib/mw-to-git/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b919655
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+git-remote-mediawiki
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/Makefile b/contrib/mw-to-git/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f149719
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2013
+#     Matthieu Moy <Matthieu.Moy@imag.fr>
+#
+## Build git-remote-mediawiki
+
+SCRIPT_PERL=git-remote-mediawiki.perl
+GIT_ROOT_DIR=../..
+HERE=contrib/mw-to-git/
+
+SCRIPT_PERL_FULL=$(patsubst %,$(HERE)/%,$(SCRIPT_PERL))
+
+all: build
+
+build install clean:
+	$(MAKE) -C $(GIT_ROOT_DIR) SCRIPT_PERL=$(SCRIPT_PERL_FULL) \
+                $@-perl-script
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki b/contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki
deleted file mode 100755
index c18bfa1..0000000
--- a/contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,827 +0,0 @@
-#! /usr/bin/perl
-
-# Copyright (C) 2011
-#     Jérémie Nikaes <jeremie.nikaes@ensimag.imag.fr>
-#     Arnaud Lacurie <arnaud.lacurie@ensimag.imag.fr>
-#     Claire Fousse <claire.fousse@ensimag.imag.fr>
-#     David Amouyal <david.amouyal@ensimag.imag.fr>
-#     Matthieu Moy <matthieu.moy@grenoble-inp.fr>
-# License: GPL v2 or later
-
-# Gateway between Git and MediaWiki.
-#   https://github.com/Bibzball/Git-Mediawiki/wiki
-#
-# Known limitations:
-#
-# - Only wiki pages are managed, no support for [[File:...]]
-#   attachments.
-#
-# - Poor performance in the best case: it takes forever to check
-#   whether we're up-to-date (on fetch or push) or to fetch a few
-#   revisions from a large wiki, because we use exclusively a
-#   page-based synchronization. We could switch to a wiki-wide
-#   synchronization when the synchronization involves few revisions
-#   but the wiki is large.
-#
-# - Git renames could be turned into MediaWiki renames (see TODO
-#   below)
-#
-# - login/password support requires the user to write the password
-#   cleartext in a file (see TODO below).
-#
-# - No way to import "one page, and all pages included in it"
-#
-# - Multiple remote MediaWikis have not been very well tested.
-
-use strict;
-use MediaWiki::API;
-use DateTime::Format::ISO8601;
-use encoding 'utf8';
-
-# use encoding 'utf8' doesn't change STDERROR
-# but we're going to output UTF-8 filenames to STDERR
-binmode STDERR, ":utf8";
-
-use URI::Escape;
-use warnings;
-
-# Mediawiki filenames can contain forward slashes. This variable decides by which pattern they should be replaced
-use constant SLASH_REPLACEMENT => "%2F";
-
-# It's not always possible to delete pages (may require some
-# priviledges). Deleted pages are replaced with this content.
-use constant DELETED_CONTENT => "[[Category:Deleted]]\n";
-
-# It's not possible to create empty pages. New empty files in Git are
-# sent with this content instead.
-use constant EMPTY_CONTENT => "<!-- empty page -->\n";
-
-# used to reflect file creation or deletion in diff.
-use constant NULL_SHA1 => "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000";
-
-my $remotename = $ARGV[0];
-my $url = $ARGV[1];
-
-# Accept both space-separated and multiple keys in config file.
-# Spaces should be written as _ anyway because we'll use chomp.
-my @tracked_pages = split(/[ \n]/, run_git("config --get-all remote.". $remotename .".pages"));
-chomp(@tracked_pages);
-
-# Just like @tracked_pages, but for MediaWiki categories.
-my @tracked_categories = split(/[ \n]/, run_git("config --get-all remote.". $remotename .".categories"));
-chomp(@tracked_categories);
-
-my $wiki_login = run_git("config --get remote.". $remotename .".mwLogin");
-# TODO: ideally, this should be able to read from keyboard, but we're
-# inside a remote helper, so our stdin is connect to git, not to a
-# terminal.
-my $wiki_passwd = run_git("config --get remote.". $remotename .".mwPassword");
-my $wiki_domain = run_git("config --get remote.". $remotename .".mwDomain");
-chomp($wiki_login);
-chomp($wiki_passwd);
-chomp($wiki_domain);
-
-# Import only last revisions (both for clone and fetch)
-my $shallow_import = run_git("config --get --bool remote.". $remotename .".shallow");
-chomp($shallow_import);
-$shallow_import = ($shallow_import eq "true");
-
-# Dumb push: don't update notes and mediawiki ref to reflect the last push.
-#
-# Configurable with mediawiki.dumbPush, or per-remote with
-# remote.<remotename>.dumbPush.
-#
-# This means the user will have to re-import the just-pushed
-# revisions. On the other hand, this means that the Git revisions
-# corresponding to MediaWiki revisions are all imported from the wiki,
-# regardless of whether they were initially created in Git or from the
-# web interface, hence all users will get the same history (i.e. if
-# the push from Git to MediaWiki loses some information, everybody
-# will get the history with information lost). If the import is
-# deterministic, this means everybody gets the same sha1 for each
-# MediaWiki revision.
-my $dumb_push = run_git("config --get --bool remote.$remotename.dumbPush");
-unless ($dumb_push) {
-	$dumb_push = run_git("config --get --bool mediawiki.dumbPush");
-}
-chomp($dumb_push);
-$dumb_push = ($dumb_push eq "true");
-
-my $wiki_name = $url;
-$wiki_name =~ s/[^\/]*:\/\///;
-# If URL is like http://user:password@example.com/, we clearly don't
-# want the password in $wiki_name. While we're there, also remove user
-# and '@' sign, to avoid author like MWUser@HTTPUser@host.com
-$wiki_name =~ s/^.*@//;
-
-# Commands parser
-my $entry;
-my @cmd;
-while (<STDIN>) {
-	chomp;
-	@cmd = split(/ /);
-	if (defined($cmd[0])) {
-		# Line not blank
-		if ($cmd[0] eq "capabilities") {
-			die("Too many arguments for capabilities") unless (!defined($cmd[1]));
-			mw_capabilities();
-		} elsif ($cmd[0] eq "list") {
-			die("Too many arguments for list") unless (!defined($cmd[2]));
-			mw_list($cmd[1]);
-		} elsif ($cmd[0] eq "import") {
-			die("Invalid arguments for import") unless ($cmd[1] ne "" && !defined($cmd[2]));
-			mw_import($cmd[1]);
-		} elsif ($cmd[0] eq "option") {
-			die("Too many arguments for option") unless ($cmd[1] ne "" && $cmd[2] ne "" && !defined($cmd[3]));
-			mw_option($cmd[1],$cmd[2]);
-		} elsif ($cmd[0] eq "push") {
-			mw_push($cmd[1]);
-		} else {
-			print STDERR "Unknown command. Aborting...\n";
-			last;
-		}
-	} else {
-		# blank line: we should terminate
-		last;
-	}
-
-	BEGIN { $| = 1 } # flush STDOUT, to make sure the previous
-			 # command is fully processed.
-}
-
-########################## Functions ##############################
-
-# MediaWiki API instance, created lazily.
-my $mediawiki;
-
-sub mw_connect_maybe {
-	if ($mediawiki) {
-	    return;
-	}
-	$mediawiki = MediaWiki::API->new;
-	$mediawiki->{config}->{api_url} = "$url/api.php";
-	if ($wiki_login) {
-		if (!$mediawiki->login({
-			lgname => $wiki_login,
-			lgpassword => $wiki_passwd,
-			lgdomain => $wiki_domain,
-		})) {
-			print STDERR "Failed to log in mediawiki user \"$wiki_login\" on $url\n";
-			print STDERR "(error " .
-			    $mediawiki->{error}->{code} . ': ' .
-			    $mediawiki->{error}->{details} . ")\n";
-			exit 1;
-		} else {
-			print STDERR "Logged in with user \"$wiki_login\".\n";
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-sub get_mw_first_pages {
-	my $some_pages = shift;
-	my @some_pages = @{$some_pages};
-
-	my $pages = shift;
-
-	# pattern 'page1|page2|...' required by the API
-	my $titles = join('|', @some_pages);
-
-	my $mw_pages = $mediawiki->api({
-		action => 'query',
-		titles => $titles,
-	});
-	if (!defined($mw_pages)) {
-		print STDERR "fatal: could not query the list of wiki pages.\n";
-		print STDERR "fatal: '$url' does not appear to be a mediawiki\n";
-		print STDERR "fatal: make sure '$url/api.php' is a valid page.\n";
-		exit 1;
-	}
-	while (my ($id, $page) = each(%{$mw_pages->{query}->{pages}})) {
-		if ($id < 0) {
-			print STDERR "Warning: page $page->{title} not found on wiki\n";
-		} else {
-			$pages->{$page->{title}} = $page;
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-sub get_mw_pages {
-	mw_connect_maybe();
-
-	my %pages; # hash on page titles to avoid duplicates
-	my $user_defined;
-	if (@tracked_pages) {
-		$user_defined = 1;
-		# The user provided a list of pages titles, but we
-		# still need to query the API to get the page IDs.
-
-		my @some_pages = @tracked_pages;
-		while (@some_pages) {
-			my $last = 50;
-			if ($#some_pages < $last) {
-				$last = $#some_pages;
-			}
-			my @slice = @some_pages[0..$last];
-			get_mw_first_pages(\@slice, \%pages);
-			@some_pages = @some_pages[51..$#some_pages];
-		}
-	}
-	if (@tracked_categories) {
-		$user_defined = 1;
-		foreach my $category (@tracked_categories) {
-			if (index($category, ':') < 0) {
-				# Mediawiki requires the Category
-				# prefix, but let's not force the user
-				# to specify it.
-				$category = "Category:" . $category;
-			}
-			my $mw_pages = $mediawiki->list( {
-				action => 'query',
-				list => 'categorymembers',
-				cmtitle => $category,
-				cmlimit => 'max' } )
-			    || die $mediawiki->{error}->{code} . ': ' . $mediawiki->{error}->{details};
-			foreach my $page (@{$mw_pages}) {
-				$pages{$page->{title}} = $page;
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	if (!$user_defined) {
-		# No user-provided list, get the list of pages from
-		# the API.
-		my $mw_pages = $mediawiki->list({
-			action => 'query',
-			list => 'allpages',
-			aplimit => 500,
-		});
-		if (!defined($mw_pages)) {
-			print STDERR "fatal: could not get the list of wiki pages.\n";
-			print STDERR "fatal: '$url' does not appear to be a mediawiki\n";
-			print STDERR "fatal: make sure '$url/api.php' is a valid page.\n";
-			exit 1;
-		}
-		foreach my $page (@{$mw_pages}) {
-			$pages{$page->{title}} = $page;
-		}
-	}
-	return values(%pages);
-}
-
-sub run_git {
-	open(my $git, "-|:encoding(UTF-8)", "git " . $_[0]);
-	my $res = do { local $/; <$git> };
-	close($git);
-
-	return $res;
-}
-
-
-sub get_last_local_revision {
-	# Get note regarding last mediawiki revision
-	my $note = run_git("notes --ref=$remotename/mediawiki show refs/mediawiki/$remotename/master 2>/dev/null");
-	my @note_info = split(/ /, $note);
-
-	my $lastrevision_number;
-	if (!(defined($note_info[0]) && $note_info[0] eq "mediawiki_revision:")) {
-		print STDERR "No previous mediawiki revision found";
-		$lastrevision_number = 0;
-	} else {
-		# Notes are formatted : mediawiki_revision: #number
-		$lastrevision_number = $note_info[1];
-		chomp($lastrevision_number);
-		print STDERR "Last local mediawiki revision found is $lastrevision_number";
-	}
-	return $lastrevision_number;
-}
-
-# Remember the timestamp corresponding to a revision id.
-my %basetimestamps;
-
-sub get_last_remote_revision {
-	mw_connect_maybe();
-
-	my @pages = get_mw_pages();
-
-	my $max_rev_num = 0;
-
-	foreach my $page (@pages) {
-		my $id = $page->{pageid};
-
-		my $query = {
-			action => 'query',
-			prop => 'revisions',
-			rvprop => 'ids|timestamp',
-			pageids => $id,
-		};
-
-		my $result = $mediawiki->api($query);
-
-		my $lastrev = pop(@{$result->{query}->{pages}->{$id}->{revisions}});
-
-		$basetimestamps{$lastrev->{revid}} = $lastrev->{timestamp};
-
-		$max_rev_num = ($lastrev->{revid} > $max_rev_num ? $lastrev->{revid} : $max_rev_num);
-	}
-
-	print STDERR "Last remote revision found is $max_rev_num.\n";
-	return $max_rev_num;
-}
-
-# Clean content before sending it to MediaWiki
-sub mediawiki_clean {
-	my $string = shift;
-	my $page_created = shift;
-	# Mediawiki does not allow blank space at the end of a page and ends with a single \n.
-	# This function right trims a string and adds a \n at the end to follow this rule
-	$string =~ s/\s+$//;
-	if ($string eq "" && $page_created) {
-		# Creating empty pages is forbidden.
-		$string = EMPTY_CONTENT;
-	}
-	return $string."\n";
-}
-
-# Filter applied on MediaWiki data before adding them to Git
-sub mediawiki_smudge {
-	my $string = shift;
-	if ($string eq EMPTY_CONTENT) {
-		$string = "";
-	}
-	# This \n is important. This is due to mediawiki's way to handle end of files.
-	return $string."\n";
-}
-
-sub mediawiki_clean_filename {
-	my $filename = shift;
-	$filename =~ s/@{[SLASH_REPLACEMENT]}/\//g;
-	# [, ], |, {, and } are forbidden by MediaWiki, even URL-encoded.
-	# Do a variant of URL-encoding, i.e. looks like URL-encoding,
-	# but with _ added to prevent MediaWiki from thinking this is
-	# an actual special character.
-	$filename =~ s/[\[\]\{\}\|]/sprintf("_%%_%x", ord($&))/ge;
-	# If we use the uri escape before
-	# we should unescape here, before anything
-
-	return $filename;
-}
-
-sub mediawiki_smudge_filename {
-	my $filename = shift;
-	$filename =~ s/\//@{[SLASH_REPLACEMENT]}/g;
-	$filename =~ s/ /_/g;
-	# Decode forbidden characters encoded in mediawiki_clean_filename
-	$filename =~ s/_%_([0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F])/sprintf("%c", hex($1))/ge;
-	return $filename;
-}
-
-sub literal_data {
-	my ($content) = @_;
-	print STDOUT "data ", bytes::length($content), "\n", $content;
-}
-
-sub mw_capabilities {
-	# Revisions are imported to the private namespace
-	# refs/mediawiki/$remotename/ by the helper and fetched into
-	# refs/remotes/$remotename later by fetch.
-	print STDOUT "refspec refs/heads/*:refs/mediawiki/$remotename/*\n";
-	print STDOUT "import\n";
-	print STDOUT "list\n";
-	print STDOUT "push\n";
-	print STDOUT "\n";
-}
-
-sub mw_list {
-	# MediaWiki do not have branches, we consider one branch arbitrarily
-	# called master, and HEAD pointing to it.
-	print STDOUT "? refs/heads/master\n";
-	print STDOUT "\@refs/heads/master HEAD\n";
-	print STDOUT "\n";
-}
-
-sub mw_option {
-	print STDERR "remote-helper command 'option $_[0]' not yet implemented\n";
-	print STDOUT "unsupported\n";
-}
-
-sub fetch_mw_revisions_for_page {
-	my $page = shift;
-	my $id = shift;
-	my $fetch_from = shift;
-	my @page_revs = ();
-	my $query = {
-		action => 'query',
-		prop => 'revisions',
-		rvprop => 'ids',
-		rvdir => 'newer',
-		rvstartid => $fetch_from,
-		rvlimit => 500,
-		pageids => $id,
-	};
-
-	my $revnum = 0;
-	# Get 500 revisions at a time due to the mediawiki api limit
-	while (1) {
-		my $result = $mediawiki->api($query);
-
-		# Parse each of those 500 revisions
-		foreach my $revision (@{$result->{query}->{pages}->{$id}->{revisions}}) {
-			my $page_rev_ids;
-			$page_rev_ids->{pageid} = $page->{pageid};
-			$page_rev_ids->{revid} = $revision->{revid};
-			push(@page_revs, $page_rev_ids);
-			$revnum++;
-		}
-		last unless $result->{'query-continue'};
-		$query->{rvstartid} = $result->{'query-continue'}->{revisions}->{rvstartid};
-	}
-	if ($shallow_import && @page_revs) {
-		print STDERR "  Found 1 revision (shallow import).\n";
-		@page_revs = sort {$b->{revid} <=> $a->{revid}} (@page_revs);
-		return $page_revs[0];
-	}
-	print STDERR "  Found ", $revnum, " revision(s).\n";
-	return @page_revs;
-}
-
-sub fetch_mw_revisions {
-	my $pages = shift; my @pages = @{$pages};
-	my $fetch_from = shift;
-
-	my @revisions = ();
-	my $n = 1;
-	foreach my $page (@pages) {
-		my $id = $page->{pageid};
-
-		print STDERR "page $n/", scalar(@pages), ": ". $page->{title} ."\n";
-		$n++;
-		my @page_revs = fetch_mw_revisions_for_page($page, $id, $fetch_from);
-		@revisions = (@page_revs, @revisions);
-	}
-
-	return ($n, @revisions);
-}
-
-sub import_file_revision {
-	my $commit = shift;
-	my %commit = %{$commit};
-	my $full_import = shift;
-	my $n = shift;
-
-	my $title = $commit{title};
-	my $comment = $commit{comment};
-	my $content = $commit{content};
-	my $author = $commit{author};
-	my $date = $commit{date};
-
-	print STDOUT "commit refs/mediawiki/$remotename/master\n";
-	print STDOUT "mark :$n\n";
-	print STDOUT "committer $author <$author\@$wiki_name> ", $date->epoch, " +0000\n";
-	literal_data($comment);
-
-	# If it's not a clone, we need to know where to start from
-	if (!$full_import && $n == 1) {
-		print STDOUT "from refs/mediawiki/$remotename/master^0\n";
-	}
-	if ($content ne DELETED_CONTENT) {
-		print STDOUT "M 644 inline $title.mw\n";
-		literal_data($content);
-		print STDOUT "\n\n";
-	} else {
-		print STDOUT "D $title.mw\n";
-	}
-
-	# mediawiki revision number in the git note
-	if ($full_import && $n == 1) {
-		print STDOUT "reset refs/notes/$remotename/mediawiki\n";
-	}
-	print STDOUT "commit refs/notes/$remotename/mediawiki\n";
-	print STDOUT "committer $author <$author\@$wiki_name> ", $date->epoch, " +0000\n";
-	literal_data("Note added by git-mediawiki during import");
-	if (!$full_import && $n == 1) {
-		print STDOUT "from refs/notes/$remotename/mediawiki^0\n";
-	}
-	print STDOUT "N inline :$n\n";
-	literal_data("mediawiki_revision: " . $commit{mw_revision});
-	print STDOUT "\n\n";
-}
-
-# parse a sequence of
-# <cmd> <arg1>
-# <cmd> <arg2>
-# \n
-# (like batch sequence of import and sequence of push statements)
-sub get_more_refs {
-	my $cmd = shift;
-	my @refs;
-	while (1) {
-		my $line = <STDIN>;
-		if ($line =~ m/^$cmd (.*)$/) {
-			push(@refs, $1);
-		} elsif ($line eq "\n") {
-			return @refs;
-		} else {
-			die("Invalid command in a '$cmd' batch: ". $_);
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-sub mw_import {
-	# multiple import commands can follow each other.
-	my @refs = (shift, get_more_refs("import"));
-	foreach my $ref (@refs) {
-		mw_import_ref($ref);
-	}
-	print STDOUT "done\n";
-}
-
-sub mw_import_ref {
-	my $ref = shift;
-	# The remote helper will call "import HEAD" and
-	# "import refs/heads/master".
-	# Since HEAD is a symbolic ref to master (by convention,
-	# followed by the output of the command "list" that we gave),
-	# we don't need to do anything in this case.
-	if ($ref eq "HEAD") {
-		return;
-	}
-
-	mw_connect_maybe();
-
-	my @pages = get_mw_pages();
-
-	print STDERR "Searching revisions...\n";
-	my $last_local = get_last_local_revision();
-	my $fetch_from = $last_local + 1;
-	if ($fetch_from == 1) {
-		print STDERR ", fetching from beginning.\n";
-	} else {
-		print STDERR ", fetching from here.\n";
-	}
-	my ($n, @revisions) = fetch_mw_revisions(\@pages, $fetch_from);
-
-	# Creation of the fast-import stream
-	print STDERR "Fetching & writing export data...\n";
-
-	$n = 0;
-	my $last_timestamp = 0; # Placeholer in case $rev->timestamp is undefined
-
-	foreach my $pagerevid (sort {$a->{revid} <=> $b->{revid}} @revisions) {
-		# fetch the content of the pages
-		my $query = {
-			action => 'query',
-			prop => 'revisions',
-			rvprop => 'content|timestamp|comment|user|ids',
-			revids => $pagerevid->{revid},
-		};
-
-		my $result = $mediawiki->api($query);
-
-		my $rev = pop(@{$result->{query}->{pages}->{$pagerevid->{pageid}}->{revisions}});
-
-		$n++;
-
-		my %commit;
-		$commit{author} = $rev->{user} || 'Anonymous';
-		$commit{comment} = $rev->{comment} || '*Empty MediaWiki Message*';
-		$commit{title} = mediawiki_smudge_filename(
-			$result->{query}->{pages}->{$pagerevid->{pageid}}->{title}
-		    );
-		$commit{mw_revision} = $pagerevid->{revid};
-		$commit{content} = mediawiki_smudge($rev->{'*'});
-
-		if (!defined($rev->{timestamp})) {
-			$last_timestamp++;
-		} else {
-			$last_timestamp = $rev->{timestamp};
-		}
-		$commit{date} = DateTime::Format::ISO8601->parse_datetime($last_timestamp);
-
-		print STDERR "$n/", scalar(@revisions), ": Revision #$pagerevid->{revid} of $commit{title}\n";
-
-		import_file_revision(\%commit, ($fetch_from == 1), $n);
-	}
-
-	if ($fetch_from == 1 && $n == 0) {
-		print STDERR "You appear to have cloned an empty MediaWiki.\n";
-		# Something has to be done remote-helper side. If nothing is done, an error is
-		# thrown saying that HEAD is refering to unknown object 0000000000000000000
-		# and the clone fails.
-	}
-}
-
-sub error_non_fast_forward {
-	my $advice = run_git("config --bool advice.pushNonFastForward");
-	chomp($advice);
-	if ($advice ne "false") {
-		# Native git-push would show this after the summary.
-		# We can't ask it to display it cleanly, so print it
-		# ourselves before.
-		print STDERR "To prevent you from losing history, non-fast-forward updates were rejected\n";
-		print STDERR "Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull') before pushing again. See the\n";
-		print STDERR "'Note about fast-forwards' section of 'git push --help' for details.\n";
-	}
-	print STDOUT "error $_[0] \"non-fast-forward\"\n";
-	return 0;
-}
-
-sub mw_push_file {
-	my $diff_info = shift;
-	# $diff_info contains a string in this format:
-	# 100644 100644 <sha1_of_blob_before_commit> <sha1_of_blob_now> <status>
-	my @diff_info_split = split(/[ \t]/, $diff_info);
-
-	# Filename, including .mw extension
-	my $complete_file_name = shift;
-	# Commit message
-	my $summary = shift;
-	# MediaWiki revision number. Keep the previous one by default,
-	# in case there's no edit to perform.
-	my $newrevid = shift;
-
-	my $new_sha1 = $diff_info_split[3];
-	my $old_sha1 = $diff_info_split[2];
-	my $page_created = ($old_sha1 eq NULL_SHA1);
-	my $page_deleted = ($new_sha1 eq NULL_SHA1);
-	$complete_file_name = mediawiki_clean_filename($complete_file_name);
-
-	if (substr($complete_file_name,-3) eq ".mw") {
-		my $title = substr($complete_file_name,0,-3);
-
-		my $file_content;
-		if ($page_deleted) {
-			# Deleting a page usually requires
-			# special priviledges. A common
-			# convention is to replace the page
-			# with this content instead:
-			$file_content = DELETED_CONTENT;
-		} else {
-			$file_content = run_git("cat-file blob $new_sha1");
-		}
-
-		mw_connect_maybe();
-
-		my $result = $mediawiki->edit( {
-			action => 'edit',
-			summary => $summary,
-			title => $title,
-			basetimestamp => $basetimestamps{$newrevid},
-			text => mediawiki_clean($file_content, $page_created),
-				  }, {
-					  skip_encoding => 1 # Helps with names with accentuated characters
-				  });
-		if (!$result) {
-			if ($mediawiki->{error}->{code} == 3) {
-				# edit conflicts, considered as non-fast-forward
-				print STDERR 'Warning: Error ' .
-				    $mediawiki->{error}->{code} .
-				    ' from mediwiki: ' . $mediawiki->{error}->{details} .
-				    ".\n";
-				return ($newrevid, "non-fast-forward");
-			} else {
-				# Other errors. Shouldn't happen => just die()
-				die 'Fatal: Error ' .
-				    $mediawiki->{error}->{code} .
-				    ' from mediwiki: ' . $mediawiki->{error}->{details};
-			}
-		}
-		$newrevid = $result->{edit}->{newrevid};
-		print STDERR "Pushed file: $new_sha1 - $title\n";
-	} else {
-		print STDERR "$complete_file_name not a mediawiki file (Not pushable on this version of git-remote-mediawiki).\n"
-	}
-	return ($newrevid, "ok");
-}
-
-sub mw_push {
-	# multiple push statements can follow each other
-	my @refsspecs = (shift, get_more_refs("push"));
-	my $pushed;
-	for my $refspec (@refsspecs) {
-		my ($force, $local, $remote) = $refspec =~ /^(\+)?([^:]*):([^:]*)$/
-		    or die("Invalid refspec for push. Expected <src>:<dst> or +<src>:<dst>");
-		if ($force) {
-			print STDERR "Warning: forced push not allowed on a MediaWiki.\n";
-		}
-		if ($local eq "") {
-			print STDERR "Cannot delete remote branch on a MediaWiki\n";
-			print STDOUT "error $remote cannot delete\n";
-			next;
-		}
-		if ($remote ne "refs/heads/master") {
-			print STDERR "Only push to the branch 'master' is supported on a MediaWiki\n";
-			print STDOUT "error $remote only master allowed\n";
-			next;
-		}
-		if (mw_push_revision($local, $remote)) {
-			$pushed = 1;
-		}
-	}
-
-	# Notify Git that the push is done
-	print STDOUT "\n";
-
-	if ($pushed && $dumb_push) {
-		print STDERR "Just pushed some revisions to MediaWiki.\n";
-		print STDERR "The pushed revisions now have to be re-imported, and your current branch\n";
-		print STDERR "needs to be updated with these re-imported commits. You can do this with\n";
-		print STDERR "\n";
-		print STDERR "  git pull --rebase\n";
-		print STDERR "\n";
-	}
-}
-
-sub mw_push_revision {
-	my $local = shift;
-	my $remote = shift; # actually, this has to be "refs/heads/master" at this point.
-	my $last_local_revid = get_last_local_revision();
-	print STDERR ".\n"; # Finish sentence started by get_last_local_revision()
-	my $last_remote_revid = get_last_remote_revision();
-	my $mw_revision = $last_remote_revid;
-
-	# Get sha1 of commit pointed by local HEAD
-	my $HEAD_sha1 = run_git("rev-parse $local 2>/dev/null"); chomp($HEAD_sha1);
-	# Get sha1 of commit pointed by remotes/$remotename/master
-	my $remoteorigin_sha1 = run_git("rev-parse refs/remotes/$remotename/master 2>/dev/null");
-	chomp($remoteorigin_sha1);
-
-	if ($last_local_revid > 0 &&
-	    $last_local_revid < $last_remote_revid) {
-		return error_non_fast_forward($remote);
-	}
-
-	if ($HEAD_sha1 eq $remoteorigin_sha1) {
-		# nothing to push
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	# Get every commit in between HEAD and refs/remotes/origin/master,
-	# including HEAD and refs/remotes/origin/master
-	my @commit_pairs = ();
-	if ($last_local_revid > 0) {
-		my $parsed_sha1 = $remoteorigin_sha1;
-		# Find a path from last MediaWiki commit to pushed commit
-		while ($parsed_sha1 ne $HEAD_sha1) {
-			my @commit_info =  grep(/^$parsed_sha1/, split(/\n/, run_git("rev-list --children $local")));
-			if (!@commit_info) {
-				return error_non_fast_forward($remote);
-			}
-			my @commit_info_split = split(/ |\n/, $commit_info[0]);
-			# $commit_info_split[1] is the sha1 of the commit to export
-			# $commit_info_split[0] is the sha1 of its direct child
-			push(@commit_pairs, \@commit_info_split);
-			$parsed_sha1 = $commit_info_split[1];
-		}
-	} else {
-		# No remote mediawiki revision. Export the whole
-		# history (linearized with --first-parent)
-		print STDERR "Warning: no common ancestor, pushing complete history\n";
-		my $history = run_git("rev-list --first-parent --children $local");
-		my @history = split('\n', $history);
-		@history = @history[1..$#history];
-		foreach my $line (reverse @history) {
-			my @commit_info_split = split(/ |\n/, $line);
-			push(@commit_pairs, \@commit_info_split);
-		}
-	}
-
-	foreach my $commit_info_split (@commit_pairs) {
-		my $sha1_child = @{$commit_info_split}[0];
-		my $sha1_commit = @{$commit_info_split}[1];
-		my $diff_infos = run_git("diff-tree -r --raw -z $sha1_child $sha1_commit");
-		# TODO: we could detect rename, and encode them with a #redirect on the wiki.
-		# TODO: for now, it's just a delete+add
-		my @diff_info_list = split(/\0/, $diff_infos);
-		# Keep the first line of the commit message as mediawiki comment for the revision
-		my $commit_msg = (split(/\n/, run_git("show --pretty=format:\"%s\" $sha1_commit")))[0];
-		chomp($commit_msg);
-		# Push every blob
-		while (@diff_info_list) {
-			my $status;
-			# git diff-tree -z gives an output like
-			# <metadata>\0<filename1>\0
-			# <metadata>\0<filename2>\0
-			# and we've split on \0.
-			my $info = shift(@diff_info_list);
-			my $file = shift(@diff_info_list);
-			($mw_revision, $status) = mw_push_file($info, $file, $commit_msg, $mw_revision);
-			if ($status eq "non-fast-forward") {
-				# we may already have sent part of the
-				# commit to MediaWiki, but it's too
-				# late to cancel it. Stop the push in
-				# the middle, but still give an
-				# accurate error message.
-				return error_non_fast_forward($remote);
-			}
-			if ($status ne "ok") {
-				die("Unknown error from mw_push_file()");
-			}
-		}
-		unless ($dumb_push) {
-			run_git("notes --ref=$remotename/mediawiki add -m \"mediawiki_revision: $mw_revision\" $sha1_commit");
-			run_git("update-ref -m \"Git-MediaWiki push\" refs/mediawiki/$remotename/master $sha1_commit $sha1_child");
-		}
-	}
-
-	print STDOUT "ok $remote\n";
-	return 1;
-}
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki.perl b/contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki.perl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..9c14c1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki.perl
@@ -0,0 +1,1360 @@
+#! /usr/bin/perl
+
+# Copyright (C) 2011
+#     Jérémie Nikaes <jeremie.nikaes@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Arnaud Lacurie <arnaud.lacurie@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Claire Fousse <claire.fousse@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     David Amouyal <david.amouyal@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Matthieu Moy <matthieu.moy@grenoble-inp.fr>
+# License: GPL v2 or later
+
+# Gateway between Git and MediaWiki.
+# Documentation & bugtracker: https://github.com/moy/Git-Mediawiki/
+
+use strict;
+use MediaWiki::API;
+use DateTime::Format::ISO8601;
+
+# By default, use UTF-8 to communicate with Git and the user
+binmode STDERR, ":utf8";
+binmode STDOUT, ":utf8";
+
+use URI::Escape;
+use IPC::Open2;
+
+use warnings;
+
+# Mediawiki filenames can contain forward slashes. This variable decides by which pattern they should be replaced
+use constant SLASH_REPLACEMENT => "%2F";
+
+# It's not always possible to delete pages (may require some
+# privileges). Deleted pages are replaced with this content.
+use constant DELETED_CONTENT => "[[Category:Deleted]]\n";
+
+# It's not possible to create empty pages. New empty files in Git are
+# sent with this content instead.
+use constant EMPTY_CONTENT => "<!-- empty page -->\n";
+
+# used to reflect file creation or deletion in diff.
+use constant NULL_SHA1 => "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000";
+
+# Used on Git's side to reflect empty edit messages on the wiki
+use constant EMPTY_MESSAGE => '*Empty MediaWiki Message*';
+
+my $remotename = $ARGV[0];
+my $url = $ARGV[1];
+
+# Accept both space-separated and multiple keys in config file.
+# Spaces should be written as _ anyway because we'll use chomp.
+my @tracked_pages = split(/[ \n]/, run_git("config --get-all remote.". $remotename .".pages"));
+chomp(@tracked_pages);
+
+# Just like @tracked_pages, but for MediaWiki categories.
+my @tracked_categories = split(/[ \n]/, run_git("config --get-all remote.". $remotename .".categories"));
+chomp(@tracked_categories);
+
+# Import media files on pull
+my $import_media = run_git("config --get --bool remote.". $remotename .".mediaimport");
+chomp($import_media);
+$import_media = ($import_media eq "true");
+
+# Export media files on push
+my $export_media = run_git("config --get --bool remote.". $remotename .".mediaexport");
+chomp($export_media);
+$export_media = !($export_media eq "false");
+
+my $wiki_login = run_git("config --get remote.". $remotename .".mwLogin");
+# Note: mwPassword is discourraged. Use the credential system instead.
+my $wiki_passwd = run_git("config --get remote.". $remotename .".mwPassword");
+my $wiki_domain = run_git("config --get remote.". $remotename .".mwDomain");
+chomp($wiki_login);
+chomp($wiki_passwd);
+chomp($wiki_domain);
+
+# Import only last revisions (both for clone and fetch)
+my $shallow_import = run_git("config --get --bool remote.". $remotename .".shallow");
+chomp($shallow_import);
+$shallow_import = ($shallow_import eq "true");
+
+# Fetch (clone and pull) by revisions instead of by pages. This behavior
+# is more efficient when we have a wiki with lots of pages and we fetch
+# the revisions quite often so that they concern only few pages.
+# Possible values:
+# - by_rev: perform one query per new revision on the remote wiki
+# - by_page: query each tracked page for new revision
+my $fetch_strategy = run_git("config --get remote.$remotename.fetchStrategy");
+unless ($fetch_strategy) {
+	$fetch_strategy = run_git("config --get mediawiki.fetchStrategy");
+}
+chomp($fetch_strategy);
+unless ($fetch_strategy) {
+	$fetch_strategy = "by_page";
+}
+
+# Dumb push: don't update notes and mediawiki ref to reflect the last push.
+#
+# Configurable with mediawiki.dumbPush, or per-remote with
+# remote.<remotename>.dumbPush.
+#
+# This means the user will have to re-import the just-pushed
+# revisions. On the other hand, this means that the Git revisions
+# corresponding to MediaWiki revisions are all imported from the wiki,
+# regardless of whether they were initially created in Git or from the
+# web interface, hence all users will get the same history (i.e. if
+# the push from Git to MediaWiki loses some information, everybody
+# will get the history with information lost). If the import is
+# deterministic, this means everybody gets the same sha1 for each
+# MediaWiki revision.
+my $dumb_push = run_git("config --get --bool remote.$remotename.dumbPush");
+unless ($dumb_push) {
+	$dumb_push = run_git("config --get --bool mediawiki.dumbPush");
+}
+chomp($dumb_push);
+$dumb_push = ($dumb_push eq "true");
+
+my $wiki_name = $url;
+$wiki_name =~ s/[^\/]*:\/\///;
+# If URL is like http://user:password@example.com/, we clearly don't
+# want the password in $wiki_name. While we're there, also remove user
+# and '@' sign, to avoid author like MWUser@HTTPUser@host.com
+$wiki_name =~ s/^.*@//;
+
+# Commands parser
+my $entry;
+my @cmd;
+while (<STDIN>) {
+	chomp;
+	@cmd = split(/ /);
+	if (defined($cmd[0])) {
+		# Line not blank
+		if ($cmd[0] eq "capabilities") {
+			die("Too many arguments for capabilities") unless (!defined($cmd[1]));
+			mw_capabilities();
+		} elsif ($cmd[0] eq "list") {
+			die("Too many arguments for list") unless (!defined($cmd[2]));
+			mw_list($cmd[1]);
+		} elsif ($cmd[0] eq "import") {
+			die("Invalid arguments for import") unless ($cmd[1] ne "" && !defined($cmd[2]));
+			mw_import($cmd[1]);
+		} elsif ($cmd[0] eq "option") {
+			die("Too many arguments for option") unless ($cmd[1] ne "" && $cmd[2] ne "" && !defined($cmd[3]));
+			mw_option($cmd[1],$cmd[2]);
+		} elsif ($cmd[0] eq "push") {
+			mw_push($cmd[1]);
+		} else {
+			print STDERR "Unknown command. Aborting...\n";
+			last;
+		}
+	} else {
+		# blank line: we should terminate
+		last;
+	}
+
+	BEGIN { $| = 1 } # flush STDOUT, to make sure the previous
+			 # command is fully processed.
+}
+
+########################## Functions ##############################
+
+## credential API management (generic functions)
+
+sub credential_read {
+	my %credential;
+	my $reader = shift;
+	my $op = shift;
+	while (<$reader>) {
+		my ($key, $value) = /([^=]*)=(.*)/;
+		if (not defined $key) {
+			die "ERROR receiving response from git credential $op:\n$_\n";
+		}
+		$credential{$key} = $value;
+	}
+	return %credential;
+}
+
+sub credential_write {
+	my $credential = shift;
+	my $writer = shift;
+	# url overwrites other fields, so it must come first
+	print $writer "url=$credential->{url}\n" if exists $credential->{url};
+	while (my ($key, $value) = each(%$credential) ) {
+		if (length $value && $key ne 'url') {
+			print $writer "$key=$value\n";
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+sub credential_run {
+	my $op = shift;
+	my $credential = shift;
+	my $pid = open2(my $reader, my $writer, "git credential $op");
+	credential_write($credential, $writer);
+	print $writer "\n";
+	close($writer);
+
+	if ($op eq "fill") {
+		%$credential = credential_read($reader, $op);
+	} else {
+		if (<$reader>) {
+			die "ERROR while running git credential $op:\n$_";
+		}
+	}
+	close($reader);
+	waitpid($pid, 0);
+	my $child_exit_status = $? >> 8;
+	if ($child_exit_status != 0) {
+		die "'git credential $op' failed with code $child_exit_status.";
+	}
+}
+
+# MediaWiki API instance, created lazily.
+my $mediawiki;
+
+sub mw_connect_maybe {
+	if ($mediawiki) {
+		return;
+	}
+	$mediawiki = MediaWiki::API->new;
+	$mediawiki->{config}->{api_url} = "$url/api.php";
+	if ($wiki_login) {
+		my %credential = (url => $url);
+		$credential{username} = $wiki_login;
+		$credential{password} = $wiki_passwd;
+		credential_run("fill", \%credential);
+		my $request = {lgname => $credential{username},
+			       lgpassword => $credential{password},
+			       lgdomain => $wiki_domain};
+		if ($mediawiki->login($request)) {
+			credential_run("approve", \%credential);
+			print STDERR "Logged in mediawiki user \"$credential{username}\".\n";
+		} else {
+			print STDERR "Failed to log in mediawiki user \"$credential{username}\" on $url\n";
+			print STDERR "  (error " .
+				$mediawiki->{error}->{code} . ': ' .
+				$mediawiki->{error}->{details} . ")\n";
+			credential_run("reject", \%credential);
+			exit 1;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+## Functions for listing pages on the remote wiki
+sub get_mw_tracked_pages {
+	my $pages = shift;
+	get_mw_page_list(\@tracked_pages, $pages);
+}
+
+sub get_mw_page_list {
+	my $page_list = shift;
+	my $pages = shift;
+	my @some_pages = @$page_list;
+	while (@some_pages) {
+		my $last = 50;
+		if ($#some_pages < $last) {
+			$last = $#some_pages;
+		}
+		my @slice = @some_pages[0..$last];
+		get_mw_first_pages(\@slice, $pages);
+		@some_pages = @some_pages[51..$#some_pages];
+	}
+}
+
+sub get_mw_tracked_categories {
+	my $pages = shift;
+	foreach my $category (@tracked_categories) {
+		if (index($category, ':') < 0) {
+			# Mediawiki requires the Category
+			# prefix, but let's not force the user
+			# to specify it.
+			$category = "Category:" . $category;
+		}
+		my $mw_pages = $mediawiki->list( {
+			action => 'query',
+			list => 'categorymembers',
+			cmtitle => $category,
+			cmlimit => 'max' } )
+			|| die $mediawiki->{error}->{code} . ': '
+				. $mediawiki->{error}->{details};
+		foreach my $page (@{$mw_pages}) {
+			$pages->{$page->{title}} = $page;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+sub get_mw_all_pages {
+	my $pages = shift;
+	# No user-provided list, get the list of pages from the API.
+	my $mw_pages = $mediawiki->list({
+		action => 'query',
+		list => 'allpages',
+		aplimit => 'max'
+	});
+	if (!defined($mw_pages)) {
+		print STDERR "fatal: could not get the list of wiki pages.\n";
+		print STDERR "fatal: '$url' does not appear to be a mediawiki\n";
+		print STDERR "fatal: make sure '$url/api.php' is a valid page.\n";
+		exit 1;
+	}
+	foreach my $page (@{$mw_pages}) {
+		$pages->{$page->{title}} = $page;
+	}
+}
+
+# queries the wiki for a set of pages. Meant to be used within a loop
+# querying the wiki for slices of page list.
+sub get_mw_first_pages {
+	my $some_pages = shift;
+	my @some_pages = @{$some_pages};
+
+	my $pages = shift;
+
+	# pattern 'page1|page2|...' required by the API
+	my $titles = join('|', @some_pages);
+
+	my $mw_pages = $mediawiki->api({
+		action => 'query',
+		titles => $titles,
+	});
+	if (!defined($mw_pages)) {
+		print STDERR "fatal: could not query the list of wiki pages.\n";
+		print STDERR "fatal: '$url' does not appear to be a mediawiki\n";
+		print STDERR "fatal: make sure '$url/api.php' is a valid page.\n";
+		exit 1;
+	}
+	while (my ($id, $page) = each(%{$mw_pages->{query}->{pages}})) {
+		if ($id < 0) {
+			print STDERR "Warning: page $page->{title} not found on wiki\n";
+		} else {
+			$pages->{$page->{title}} = $page;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+# Get the list of pages to be fetched according to configuration.
+sub get_mw_pages {
+	mw_connect_maybe();
+
+	print STDERR "Listing pages on remote wiki...\n";
+
+	my %pages; # hash on page titles to avoid duplicates
+	my $user_defined;
+	if (@tracked_pages) {
+		$user_defined = 1;
+		# The user provided a list of pages titles, but we
+		# still need to query the API to get the page IDs.
+		get_mw_tracked_pages(\%pages);
+	}
+	if (@tracked_categories) {
+		$user_defined = 1;
+		get_mw_tracked_categories(\%pages);
+	}
+	if (!$user_defined) {
+		get_mw_all_pages(\%pages);
+	}
+	if ($import_media) {
+		print STDERR "Getting media files for selected pages...\n";
+		if ($user_defined) {
+			get_linked_mediafiles(\%pages);
+		} else {
+			get_all_mediafiles(\%pages);
+		}
+	}
+	print STDERR (scalar keys %pages) . " pages found.\n";
+	return %pages;
+}
+
+# usage: $out = run_git("command args");
+#        $out = run_git("command args", "raw"); # don't interpret output as UTF-8.
+sub run_git {
+	my $args = shift;
+	my $encoding = (shift || "encoding(UTF-8)");
+	open(my $git, "-|:$encoding", "git " . $args);
+	my $res = do { local $/; <$git> };
+	close($git);
+
+	return $res;
+}
+
+
+sub get_all_mediafiles {
+	my $pages = shift;
+	# Attach list of all pages for media files from the API,
+	# they are in a different namespace, only one namespace
+	# can be queried at the same moment
+	my $mw_pages = $mediawiki->list({
+		action => 'query',
+		list => 'allpages',
+		apnamespace => get_mw_namespace_id("File"),
+		aplimit => 'max'
+	});
+	if (!defined($mw_pages)) {
+		print STDERR "fatal: could not get the list of pages for media files.\n";
+		print STDERR "fatal: '$url' does not appear to be a mediawiki\n";
+		print STDERR "fatal: make sure '$url/api.php' is a valid page.\n";
+		exit 1;
+	}
+	foreach my $page (@{$mw_pages}) {
+		$pages->{$page->{title}} = $page;
+	}
+}
+
+sub get_linked_mediafiles {
+	my $pages = shift;
+	my @titles = map $_->{title}, values(%{$pages});
+
+	# The query is split in small batches because of the MW API limit of
+	# the number of links to be returned (500 links max).
+	my $batch = 10;
+	while (@titles) {
+		if ($#titles < $batch) {
+			$batch = $#titles;
+		}
+		my @slice = @titles[0..$batch];
+
+		# pattern 'page1|page2|...' required by the API
+		my $mw_titles = join('|', @slice);
+
+		# Media files could be included or linked from
+		# a page, get all related
+		my $query = {
+			action => 'query',
+			prop => 'links|images',
+			titles => $mw_titles,
+			plnamespace => get_mw_namespace_id("File"),
+			pllimit => 'max'
+		};
+		my $result = $mediawiki->api($query);
+
+		while (my ($id, $page) = each(%{$result->{query}->{pages}})) {
+			my @media_titles;
+			if (defined($page->{links})) {
+				my @link_titles = map $_->{title}, @{$page->{links}};
+				push(@media_titles, @link_titles);
+			}
+			if (defined($page->{images})) {
+				my @image_titles = map $_->{title}, @{$page->{images}};
+				push(@media_titles, @image_titles);
+			}
+			if (@media_titles) {
+				get_mw_page_list(\@media_titles, $pages);
+			}
+		}
+
+		@titles = @titles[($batch+1)..$#titles];
+	}
+}
+
+sub get_mw_mediafile_for_page_revision {
+	# Name of the file on Wiki, with the prefix.
+	my $filename = shift;
+	my $timestamp = shift;
+	my %mediafile;
+
+	# Search if on a media file with given timestamp exists on
+	# MediaWiki. In that case download the file.
+	my $query = {
+		action => 'query',
+		prop => 'imageinfo',
+		titles => "File:" . $filename,
+		iistart => $timestamp,
+		iiend => $timestamp,
+		iiprop => 'timestamp|archivename|url',
+		iilimit => 1
+	};
+	my $result = $mediawiki->api($query);
+
+	my ($fileid, $file) = each( %{$result->{query}->{pages}} );
+	# If not defined it means there is no revision of the file for
+	# given timestamp.
+	if (defined($file->{imageinfo})) {
+		$mediafile{title} = $filename;
+
+		my $fileinfo = pop(@{$file->{imageinfo}});
+		$mediafile{timestamp} = $fileinfo->{timestamp};
+		# Mediawiki::API's download function doesn't support https URLs
+		# and can't download old versions of files.
+		print STDERR "\tDownloading file $mediafile{title}, version $mediafile{timestamp}\n";
+		$mediafile{content} = download_mw_mediafile($fileinfo->{url});
+	}
+	return %mediafile;
+}
+
+sub download_mw_mediafile {
+	my $url = shift;
+
+	my $response = $mediawiki->{ua}->get($url);
+	if ($response->code == 200) {
+		return $response->decoded_content;
+	} else {
+		print STDERR "Error downloading mediafile from :\n";
+		print STDERR "URL: $url\n";
+		print STDERR "Server response: " . $response->code . " " . $response->message . "\n";
+		exit 1;
+	}
+}
+
+sub get_last_local_revision {
+	# Get note regarding last mediawiki revision
+	my $note = run_git("notes --ref=$remotename/mediawiki show refs/mediawiki/$remotename/master 2>/dev/null");
+	my @note_info = split(/ /, $note);
+
+	my $lastrevision_number;
+	if (!(defined($note_info[0]) && $note_info[0] eq "mediawiki_revision:")) {
+		print STDERR "No previous mediawiki revision found";
+		$lastrevision_number = 0;
+	} else {
+		# Notes are formatted : mediawiki_revision: #number
+		$lastrevision_number = $note_info[1];
+		chomp($lastrevision_number);
+		print STDERR "Last local mediawiki revision found is $lastrevision_number";
+	}
+	return $lastrevision_number;
+}
+
+# Remember the timestamp corresponding to a revision id.
+my %basetimestamps;
+
+# Get the last remote revision without taking in account which pages are
+# tracked or not. This function makes a single request to the wiki thus
+# avoid a loop onto all tracked pages. This is useful for the fetch-by-rev
+# option.
+sub get_last_global_remote_rev {
+	mw_connect_maybe();
+
+	my $query = {
+		action => 'query',
+		list => 'recentchanges',
+		prop => 'revisions',
+		rclimit => '1',
+		rcdir => 'older',
+	};
+	my $result = $mediawiki->api($query);
+	return $result->{query}->{recentchanges}[0]->{revid};
+}
+
+# Get the last remote revision concerning the tracked pages and the tracked
+# categories.
+sub get_last_remote_revision {
+	mw_connect_maybe();
+
+	my %pages_hash = get_mw_pages();
+	my @pages = values(%pages_hash);
+
+	my $max_rev_num = 0;
+
+	print STDERR "Getting last revision id on tracked pages...\n";
+
+	foreach my $page (@pages) {
+		my $id = $page->{pageid};
+
+		my $query = {
+			action => 'query',
+			prop => 'revisions',
+			rvprop => 'ids|timestamp',
+			pageids => $id,
+		};
+
+		my $result = $mediawiki->api($query);
+
+		my $lastrev = pop(@{$result->{query}->{pages}->{$id}->{revisions}});
+
+		$basetimestamps{$lastrev->{revid}} = $lastrev->{timestamp};
+
+		$max_rev_num = ($lastrev->{revid} > $max_rev_num ? $lastrev->{revid} : $max_rev_num);
+	}
+
+	print STDERR "Last remote revision found is $max_rev_num.\n";
+	return $max_rev_num;
+}
+
+# Clean content before sending it to MediaWiki
+sub mediawiki_clean {
+	my $string = shift;
+	my $page_created = shift;
+	# Mediawiki does not allow blank space at the end of a page and ends with a single \n.
+	# This function right trims a string and adds a \n at the end to follow this rule
+	$string =~ s/\s+$//;
+	if ($string eq "" && $page_created) {
+		# Creating empty pages is forbidden.
+		$string = EMPTY_CONTENT;
+	}
+	return $string."\n";
+}
+
+# Filter applied on MediaWiki data before adding them to Git
+sub mediawiki_smudge {
+	my $string = shift;
+	if ($string eq EMPTY_CONTENT) {
+		$string = "";
+	}
+	# This \n is important. This is due to mediawiki's way to handle end of files.
+	return $string."\n";
+}
+
+sub mediawiki_clean_filename {
+	my $filename = shift;
+	$filename =~ s/@{[SLASH_REPLACEMENT]}/\//g;
+	# [, ], |, {, and } are forbidden by MediaWiki, even URL-encoded.
+	# Do a variant of URL-encoding, i.e. looks like URL-encoding,
+	# but with _ added to prevent MediaWiki from thinking this is
+	# an actual special character.
+	$filename =~ s/[\[\]\{\}\|]/sprintf("_%%_%x", ord($&))/ge;
+	# If we use the uri escape before
+	# we should unescape here, before anything
+
+	return $filename;
+}
+
+sub mediawiki_smudge_filename {
+	my $filename = shift;
+	$filename =~ s/\//@{[SLASH_REPLACEMENT]}/g;
+	$filename =~ s/ /_/g;
+	# Decode forbidden characters encoded in mediawiki_clean_filename
+	$filename =~ s/_%_([0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F])/sprintf("%c", hex($1))/ge;
+	return $filename;
+}
+
+sub literal_data {
+	my ($content) = @_;
+	print STDOUT "data ", bytes::length($content), "\n", $content;
+}
+
+sub literal_data_raw {
+	# Output possibly binary content.
+	my ($content) = @_;
+	# Avoid confusion between size in bytes and in characters
+	utf8::downgrade($content);
+	binmode STDOUT, ":raw";
+	print STDOUT "data ", bytes::length($content), "\n", $content;
+	binmode STDOUT, ":utf8";
+}
+
+sub mw_capabilities {
+	# Revisions are imported to the private namespace
+	# refs/mediawiki/$remotename/ by the helper and fetched into
+	# refs/remotes/$remotename later by fetch.
+	print STDOUT "refspec refs/heads/*:refs/mediawiki/$remotename/*\n";
+	print STDOUT "import\n";
+	print STDOUT "list\n";
+	print STDOUT "push\n";
+	print STDOUT "\n";
+}
+
+sub mw_list {
+	# MediaWiki do not have branches, we consider one branch arbitrarily
+	# called master, and HEAD pointing to it.
+	print STDOUT "? refs/heads/master\n";
+	print STDOUT "\@refs/heads/master HEAD\n";
+	print STDOUT "\n";
+}
+
+sub mw_option {
+	print STDERR "remote-helper command 'option $_[0]' not yet implemented\n";
+	print STDOUT "unsupported\n";
+}
+
+sub fetch_mw_revisions_for_page {
+	my $page = shift;
+	my $id = shift;
+	my $fetch_from = shift;
+	my @page_revs = ();
+	my $query = {
+		action => 'query',
+		prop => 'revisions',
+		rvprop => 'ids',
+		rvdir => 'newer',
+		rvstartid => $fetch_from,
+		rvlimit => 500,
+		pageids => $id,
+	};
+
+	my $revnum = 0;
+	# Get 500 revisions at a time due to the mediawiki api limit
+	while (1) {
+		my $result = $mediawiki->api($query);
+
+		# Parse each of those 500 revisions
+		foreach my $revision (@{$result->{query}->{pages}->{$id}->{revisions}}) {
+			my $page_rev_ids;
+			$page_rev_ids->{pageid} = $page->{pageid};
+			$page_rev_ids->{revid} = $revision->{revid};
+			push(@page_revs, $page_rev_ids);
+			$revnum++;
+		}
+		last unless $result->{'query-continue'};
+		$query->{rvstartid} = $result->{'query-continue'}->{revisions}->{rvstartid};
+	}
+	if ($shallow_import && @page_revs) {
+		print STDERR "  Found 1 revision (shallow import).\n";
+		@page_revs = sort {$b->{revid} <=> $a->{revid}} (@page_revs);
+		return $page_revs[0];
+	}
+	print STDERR "  Found ", $revnum, " revision(s).\n";
+	return @page_revs;
+}
+
+sub fetch_mw_revisions {
+	my $pages = shift; my @pages = @{$pages};
+	my $fetch_from = shift;
+
+	my @revisions = ();
+	my $n = 1;
+	foreach my $page (@pages) {
+		my $id = $page->{pageid};
+
+		print STDERR "page $n/", scalar(@pages), ": ". $page->{title} ."\n";
+		$n++;
+		my @page_revs = fetch_mw_revisions_for_page($page, $id, $fetch_from);
+		@revisions = (@page_revs, @revisions);
+	}
+
+	return ($n, @revisions);
+}
+
+sub fe_escape_path {
+    my $path = shift;
+    $path =~ s/\\/\\\\/g;
+    $path =~ s/"/\\"/g;
+    $path =~ s/\n/\\n/g;
+    return '"' . $path . '"';
+}
+
+sub import_file_revision {
+	my $commit = shift;
+	my %commit = %{$commit};
+	my $full_import = shift;
+	my $n = shift;
+	my $mediafile = shift;
+	my %mediafile;
+	if ($mediafile) {
+		%mediafile = %{$mediafile};
+	}
+
+	my $title = $commit{title};
+	my $comment = $commit{comment};
+	my $content = $commit{content};
+	my $author = $commit{author};
+	my $date = $commit{date};
+
+	print STDOUT "commit refs/mediawiki/$remotename/master\n";
+	print STDOUT "mark :$n\n";
+	print STDOUT "committer $author <$author\@$wiki_name> ", $date->epoch, " +0000\n";
+	literal_data($comment);
+
+	# If it's not a clone, we need to know where to start from
+	if (!$full_import && $n == 1) {
+		print STDOUT "from refs/mediawiki/$remotename/master^0\n";
+	}
+	if ($content ne DELETED_CONTENT) {
+		print STDOUT "M 644 inline " .
+		    fe_escape_path($title . ".mw") . "\n";
+		literal_data($content);
+		if (%mediafile) {
+			print STDOUT "M 644 inline "
+			    . fe_escape_path($mediafile{title}) . "\n";
+			literal_data_raw($mediafile{content});
+		}
+		print STDOUT "\n\n";
+	} else {
+		print STDOUT "D " . fe_escape_path($title . ".mw") . "\n";
+	}
+
+	# mediawiki revision number in the git note
+	if ($full_import && $n == 1) {
+		print STDOUT "reset refs/notes/$remotename/mediawiki\n";
+	}
+	print STDOUT "commit refs/notes/$remotename/mediawiki\n";
+	print STDOUT "committer $author <$author\@$wiki_name> ", $date->epoch, " +0000\n";
+	literal_data("Note added by git-mediawiki during import");
+	if (!$full_import && $n == 1) {
+		print STDOUT "from refs/notes/$remotename/mediawiki^0\n";
+	}
+	print STDOUT "N inline :$n\n";
+	literal_data("mediawiki_revision: " . $commit{mw_revision});
+	print STDOUT "\n\n";
+}
+
+# parse a sequence of
+# <cmd> <arg1>
+# <cmd> <arg2>
+# \n
+# (like batch sequence of import and sequence of push statements)
+sub get_more_refs {
+	my $cmd = shift;
+	my @refs;
+	while (1) {
+		my $line = <STDIN>;
+		if ($line =~ m/^$cmd (.*)$/) {
+			push(@refs, $1);
+		} elsif ($line eq "\n") {
+			return @refs;
+		} else {
+			die("Invalid command in a '$cmd' batch: ". $_);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+sub mw_import {
+	# multiple import commands can follow each other.
+	my @refs = (shift, get_more_refs("import"));
+	foreach my $ref (@refs) {
+		mw_import_ref($ref);
+	}
+	print STDOUT "done\n";
+}
+
+sub mw_import_ref {
+	my $ref = shift;
+	# The remote helper will call "import HEAD" and
+	# "import refs/heads/master".
+	# Since HEAD is a symbolic ref to master (by convention,
+	# followed by the output of the command "list" that we gave),
+	# we don't need to do anything in this case.
+	if ($ref eq "HEAD") {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	mw_connect_maybe();
+
+	print STDERR "Searching revisions...\n";
+	my $last_local = get_last_local_revision();
+	my $fetch_from = $last_local + 1;
+	if ($fetch_from == 1) {
+		print STDERR ", fetching from beginning.\n";
+	} else {
+		print STDERR ", fetching from here.\n";
+	}
+
+	my $n = 0;
+	if ($fetch_strategy eq "by_rev") {
+		print STDERR "Fetching & writing export data by revs...\n";
+		$n = mw_import_ref_by_revs($fetch_from);
+	} elsif ($fetch_strategy eq "by_page") {
+		print STDERR "Fetching & writing export data by pages...\n";
+		$n = mw_import_ref_by_pages($fetch_from);
+	} else {
+		print STDERR "fatal: invalid fetch strategy \"$fetch_strategy\".\n";
+		print STDERR "Check your configuration variables remote.$remotename.fetchStrategy and mediawiki.fetchStrategy\n";
+		exit 1;
+	}
+
+	if ($fetch_from == 1 && $n == 0) {
+		print STDERR "You appear to have cloned an empty MediaWiki.\n";
+		# Something has to be done remote-helper side. If nothing is done, an error is
+		# thrown saying that HEAD is referring to unknown object 0000000000000000000
+		# and the clone fails.
+	}
+}
+
+sub mw_import_ref_by_pages {
+
+	my $fetch_from = shift;
+	my %pages_hash = get_mw_pages();
+	my @pages = values(%pages_hash);
+
+	my ($n, @revisions) = fetch_mw_revisions(\@pages, $fetch_from);
+
+	@revisions = sort {$a->{revid} <=> $b->{revid}} @revisions;
+	my @revision_ids = map $_->{revid}, @revisions;
+
+	return mw_import_revids($fetch_from, \@revision_ids, \%pages_hash);
+}
+
+sub mw_import_ref_by_revs {
+
+	my $fetch_from = shift;
+	my %pages_hash = get_mw_pages();
+
+	my $last_remote = get_last_global_remote_rev();
+	my @revision_ids = $fetch_from..$last_remote;
+	return mw_import_revids($fetch_from, \@revision_ids, \%pages_hash);
+}
+
+# Import revisions given in second argument (array of integers).
+# Only pages appearing in the third argument (hash indexed by page titles)
+# will be imported.
+sub mw_import_revids {
+	my $fetch_from = shift;
+	my $revision_ids = shift;
+	my $pages = shift;
+
+	my $n = 0;
+	my $n_actual = 0;
+	my $last_timestamp = 0; # Placeholer in case $rev->timestamp is undefined
+
+	foreach my $pagerevid (@$revision_ids) {
+	        # Count page even if we skip it, since we display
+		# $n/$total and $total includes skipped pages.
+		$n++;
+
+		# fetch the content of the pages
+		my $query = {
+			action => 'query',
+			prop => 'revisions',
+			rvprop => 'content|timestamp|comment|user|ids',
+			revids => $pagerevid,
+		};
+
+		my $result = $mediawiki->api($query);
+
+		if (!$result) {
+			die "Failed to retrieve modified page for revision $pagerevid";
+		}
+
+		if (defined($result->{query}->{badrevids}->{$pagerevid})) {
+			# The revision id does not exist on the remote wiki.
+			next;
+		}
+
+		if (!defined($result->{query}->{pages})) {
+			die "Invalid revision $pagerevid.";
+		}
+
+		my @result_pages = values(%{$result->{query}->{pages}});
+		my $result_page = $result_pages[0];
+		my $rev = $result_pages[0]->{revisions}->[0];
+
+		my $page_title = $result_page->{title};
+
+		if (!exists($pages->{$page_title})) {
+			print STDERR "$n/", scalar(@$revision_ids),
+				": Skipping revision #$rev->{revid} of $page_title\n";
+			next;
+		}
+
+		$n_actual++;
+
+		my %commit;
+		$commit{author} = $rev->{user} || 'Anonymous';
+		$commit{comment} = $rev->{comment} || EMPTY_MESSAGE;
+		$commit{title} = mediawiki_smudge_filename($page_title);
+		$commit{mw_revision} = $rev->{revid};
+		$commit{content} = mediawiki_smudge($rev->{'*'});
+
+		if (!defined($rev->{timestamp})) {
+			$last_timestamp++;
+		} else {
+			$last_timestamp = $rev->{timestamp};
+		}
+		$commit{date} = DateTime::Format::ISO8601->parse_datetime($last_timestamp);
+
+		# Differentiates classic pages and media files.
+		my ($namespace, $filename) = $page_title =~ /^([^:]*):(.*)$/;
+		my %mediafile;
+		if ($namespace) {
+			my $id = get_mw_namespace_id($namespace);
+			if ($id && $id == get_mw_namespace_id("File")) {
+				%mediafile = get_mw_mediafile_for_page_revision($filename, $rev->{timestamp});
+			}
+		}
+		# If this is a revision of the media page for new version
+		# of a file do one common commit for both file and media page.
+		# Else do commit only for that page.
+		print STDERR "$n/", scalar(@$revision_ids), ": Revision #$rev->{revid} of $commit{title}\n";
+		import_file_revision(\%commit, ($fetch_from == 1), $n_actual, \%mediafile);
+	}
+
+	return $n_actual;
+}
+
+sub error_non_fast_forward {
+	my $advice = run_git("config --bool advice.pushNonFastForward");
+	chomp($advice);
+	if ($advice ne "false") {
+		# Native git-push would show this after the summary.
+		# We can't ask it to display it cleanly, so print it
+		# ourselves before.
+		print STDERR "To prevent you from losing history, non-fast-forward updates were rejected\n";
+		print STDERR "Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull') before pushing again. See the\n";
+		print STDERR "'Note about fast-forwards' section of 'git push --help' for details.\n";
+	}
+	print STDOUT "error $_[0] \"non-fast-forward\"\n";
+	return 0;
+}
+
+sub mw_upload_file {
+	my $complete_file_name = shift;
+	my $new_sha1 = shift;
+	my $extension = shift;
+	my $file_deleted = shift;
+	my $summary = shift;
+	my $newrevid;
+	my $path = "File:" . $complete_file_name;
+	my %hashFiles = get_allowed_file_extensions();
+	if (!exists($hashFiles{$extension})) {
+		print STDERR "$complete_file_name is not a permitted file on this wiki.\n";
+		print STDERR "Check the configuration of file uploads in your mediawiki.\n";
+		return $newrevid;
+	}
+	# Deleting and uploading a file requires a priviledged user
+	if ($file_deleted) {
+		mw_connect_maybe();
+		my $query = {
+			action => 'delete',
+			title => $path,
+			reason => $summary
+		};
+		if (!$mediawiki->edit($query)) {
+			print STDERR "Failed to delete file on remote wiki\n";
+			print STDERR "Check your permissions on the remote site. Error code:\n";
+			print STDERR $mediawiki->{error}->{code} . ':' . $mediawiki->{error}->{details};
+			exit 1;
+		}
+	} else {
+		# Don't let perl try to interpret file content as UTF-8 => use "raw"
+		my $content = run_git("cat-file blob $new_sha1", "raw");
+		if ($content ne "") {
+			mw_connect_maybe();
+			$mediawiki->{config}->{upload_url} =
+				"$url/index.php/Special:Upload";
+			$mediawiki->edit({
+				action => 'upload',
+				filename => $complete_file_name,
+				comment => $summary,
+				file => [undef,
+					 $complete_file_name,
+					 Content => $content],
+				ignorewarnings => 1,
+			}, {
+				skip_encoding => 1
+			} ) || die $mediawiki->{error}->{code} . ':'
+				 . $mediawiki->{error}->{details};
+			my $last_file_page = $mediawiki->get_page({title => $path});
+			$newrevid = $last_file_page->{revid};
+			print STDERR "Pushed file: $new_sha1 - $complete_file_name.\n";
+		} else {
+			print STDERR "Empty file $complete_file_name not pushed.\n";
+		}
+	}
+	return $newrevid;
+}
+
+sub mw_push_file {
+	my $diff_info = shift;
+	# $diff_info contains a string in this format:
+	# 100644 100644 <sha1_of_blob_before_commit> <sha1_of_blob_now> <status>
+	my @diff_info_split = split(/[ \t]/, $diff_info);
+
+	# Filename, including .mw extension
+	my $complete_file_name = shift;
+	# Commit message
+	my $summary = shift;
+	# MediaWiki revision number. Keep the previous one by default,
+	# in case there's no edit to perform.
+	my $oldrevid = shift;
+	my $newrevid;
+
+	if ($summary eq EMPTY_MESSAGE) {
+		$summary = '';
+	}
+
+	my $new_sha1 = $diff_info_split[3];
+	my $old_sha1 = $diff_info_split[2];
+	my $page_created = ($old_sha1 eq NULL_SHA1);
+	my $page_deleted = ($new_sha1 eq NULL_SHA1);
+	$complete_file_name = mediawiki_clean_filename($complete_file_name);
+
+	my ($title, $extension) = $complete_file_name =~ /^(.*)\.([^\.]*)$/;
+	if (!defined($extension)) {
+		$extension = "";
+	}
+	if ($extension eq "mw") {
+		my $ns = get_mw_namespace_id_for_page($complete_file_name);
+		if ($ns && $ns == get_mw_namespace_id("File") && (!$export_media)) {
+			print STDERR "Ignoring media file related page: $complete_file_name\n";
+			return ($oldrevid, "ok");
+		}
+		my $file_content;
+		if ($page_deleted) {
+			# Deleting a page usually requires
+			# special privileges. A common
+			# convention is to replace the page
+			# with this content instead:
+			$file_content = DELETED_CONTENT;
+		} else {
+			$file_content = run_git("cat-file blob $new_sha1");
+		}
+
+		mw_connect_maybe();
+
+		my $result = $mediawiki->edit( {
+			action => 'edit',
+			summary => $summary,
+			title => $title,
+			basetimestamp => $basetimestamps{$oldrevid},
+			text => mediawiki_clean($file_content, $page_created),
+				  }, {
+					  skip_encoding => 1 # Helps with names with accentuated characters
+				  });
+		if (!$result) {
+			if ($mediawiki->{error}->{code} == 3) {
+				# edit conflicts, considered as non-fast-forward
+				print STDERR 'Warning: Error ' .
+				    $mediawiki->{error}->{code} .
+				    ' from mediwiki: ' . $mediawiki->{error}->{details} .
+				    ".\n";
+				return ($oldrevid, "non-fast-forward");
+			} else {
+				# Other errors. Shouldn't happen => just die()
+				die 'Fatal: Error ' .
+				    $mediawiki->{error}->{code} .
+				    ' from mediwiki: ' . $mediawiki->{error}->{details};
+			}
+		}
+		$newrevid = $result->{edit}->{newrevid};
+		print STDERR "Pushed file: $new_sha1 - $title\n";
+	} elsif ($export_media) {
+		$newrevid = mw_upload_file($complete_file_name, $new_sha1,
+					   $extension, $page_deleted,
+					   $summary);
+	} else {
+		print STDERR "Ignoring media file $title\n";
+	}
+	$newrevid = ($newrevid or $oldrevid);
+	return ($newrevid, "ok");
+}
+
+sub mw_push {
+	# multiple push statements can follow each other
+	my @refsspecs = (shift, get_more_refs("push"));
+	my $pushed;
+	for my $refspec (@refsspecs) {
+		my ($force, $local, $remote) = $refspec =~ /^(\+)?([^:]*):([^:]*)$/
+		    or die("Invalid refspec for push. Expected <src>:<dst> or +<src>:<dst>");
+		if ($force) {
+			print STDERR "Warning: forced push not allowed on a MediaWiki.\n";
+		}
+		if ($local eq "") {
+			print STDERR "Cannot delete remote branch on a MediaWiki\n";
+			print STDOUT "error $remote cannot delete\n";
+			next;
+		}
+		if ($remote ne "refs/heads/master") {
+			print STDERR "Only push to the branch 'master' is supported on a MediaWiki\n";
+			print STDOUT "error $remote only master allowed\n";
+			next;
+		}
+		if (mw_push_revision($local, $remote)) {
+			$pushed = 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	# Notify Git that the push is done
+	print STDOUT "\n";
+
+	if ($pushed && $dumb_push) {
+		print STDERR "Just pushed some revisions to MediaWiki.\n";
+		print STDERR "The pushed revisions now have to be re-imported, and your current branch\n";
+		print STDERR "needs to be updated with these re-imported commits. You can do this with\n";
+		print STDERR "\n";
+		print STDERR "  git pull --rebase\n";
+		print STDERR "\n";
+	}
+}
+
+sub mw_push_revision {
+	my $local = shift;
+	my $remote = shift; # actually, this has to be "refs/heads/master" at this point.
+	my $last_local_revid = get_last_local_revision();
+	print STDERR ".\n"; # Finish sentence started by get_last_local_revision()
+	my $last_remote_revid = get_last_remote_revision();
+	my $mw_revision = $last_remote_revid;
+
+	# Get sha1 of commit pointed by local HEAD
+	my $HEAD_sha1 = run_git("rev-parse $local 2>/dev/null"); chomp($HEAD_sha1);
+	# Get sha1 of commit pointed by remotes/$remotename/master
+	my $remoteorigin_sha1 = run_git("rev-parse refs/remotes/$remotename/master 2>/dev/null");
+	chomp($remoteorigin_sha1);
+
+	if ($last_local_revid > 0 &&
+	    $last_local_revid < $last_remote_revid) {
+		return error_non_fast_forward($remote);
+	}
+
+	if ($HEAD_sha1 eq $remoteorigin_sha1) {
+		# nothing to push
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	# Get every commit in between HEAD and refs/remotes/origin/master,
+	# including HEAD and refs/remotes/origin/master
+	my @commit_pairs = ();
+	if ($last_local_revid > 0) {
+		my $parsed_sha1 = $remoteorigin_sha1;
+		# Find a path from last MediaWiki commit to pushed commit
+		print STDERR "Computing path from local to remote ...\n";
+		my @local_ancestry = split(/\n/, run_git("rev-list --boundary --parents $local ^$parsed_sha1"));
+		my %local_ancestry;
+		foreach my $line (@local_ancestry) {
+			if (my ($child, $parents) = $line =~ m/^-?([a-f0-9]+) ([a-f0-9 ]+)/) {
+				foreach my $parent (split(' ', $parents)) {
+					$local_ancestry{$parent} = $child;
+				}
+			} elsif (!$line =~ m/^([a-f0-9]+)/) {
+				die "Unexpected output from git rev-list: $line";
+			}
+		}
+		while ($parsed_sha1 ne $HEAD_sha1) {
+			my $child = $local_ancestry{$parsed_sha1};
+			if (!$child) {
+				printf STDERR "Cannot find a path in history from remote commit to last commit\n";
+				return error_non_fast_forward($remote);
+			}
+			push(@commit_pairs, [$parsed_sha1, $child]);
+			$parsed_sha1 = $child;
+		}
+	} else {
+		# No remote mediawiki revision. Export the whole
+		# history (linearized with --first-parent)
+		print STDERR "Warning: no common ancestor, pushing complete history\n";
+		my $history = run_git("rev-list --first-parent --children $local");
+		my @history = split('\n', $history);
+		@history = @history[1..$#history];
+		foreach my $line (reverse @history) {
+			my @commit_info_split = split(/ |\n/, $line);
+			push(@commit_pairs, \@commit_info_split);
+		}
+	}
+
+	foreach my $commit_info_split (@commit_pairs) {
+		my $sha1_child = @{$commit_info_split}[0];
+		my $sha1_commit = @{$commit_info_split}[1];
+		my $diff_infos = run_git("diff-tree -r --raw -z $sha1_child $sha1_commit");
+		# TODO: we could detect rename, and encode them with a #redirect on the wiki.
+		# TODO: for now, it's just a delete+add
+		my @diff_info_list = split(/\0/, $diff_infos);
+		# Keep the subject line of the commit message as mediawiki comment for the revision
+		my $commit_msg = run_git("log --no-walk --format=\"%s\" $sha1_commit");
+		chomp($commit_msg);
+		# Push every blob
+		while (@diff_info_list) {
+			my $status;
+			# git diff-tree -z gives an output like
+			# <metadata>\0<filename1>\0
+			# <metadata>\0<filename2>\0
+			# and we've split on \0.
+			my $info = shift(@diff_info_list);
+			my $file = shift(@diff_info_list);
+			($mw_revision, $status) = mw_push_file($info, $file, $commit_msg, $mw_revision);
+			if ($status eq "non-fast-forward") {
+				# we may already have sent part of the
+				# commit to MediaWiki, but it's too
+				# late to cancel it. Stop the push in
+				# the middle, but still give an
+				# accurate error message.
+				return error_non_fast_forward($remote);
+			}
+			if ($status ne "ok") {
+				die("Unknown error from mw_push_file()");
+			}
+		}
+		unless ($dumb_push) {
+			run_git("notes --ref=$remotename/mediawiki add -f -m \"mediawiki_revision: $mw_revision\" $sha1_commit");
+			run_git("update-ref -m \"Git-MediaWiki push\" refs/mediawiki/$remotename/master $sha1_commit $sha1_child");
+		}
+	}
+
+	print STDOUT "ok $remote\n";
+	return 1;
+}
+
+sub get_allowed_file_extensions {
+	mw_connect_maybe();
+
+	my $query = {
+		action => 'query',
+		meta => 'siteinfo',
+		siprop => 'fileextensions'
+		};
+	my $result = $mediawiki->api($query);
+	my @file_extensions= map $_->{ext},@{$result->{query}->{fileextensions}};
+	my %hashFile = map {$_ => 1}@file_extensions;
+
+	return %hashFile;
+}
+
+# In memory cache for MediaWiki namespace ids.
+my %namespace_id;
+
+# Namespaces whose id is cached in the configuration file
+# (to avoid duplicates)
+my %cached_mw_namespace_id;
+
+# Return MediaWiki id for a canonical namespace name.
+# Ex.: "File", "Project".
+sub get_mw_namespace_id {
+	mw_connect_maybe();
+	my $name = shift;
+
+	if (!exists $namespace_id{$name}) {
+		# Look at configuration file, if the record for that namespace is
+		# already cached. Namespaces are stored in form:
+		# "Name_of_namespace:Id_namespace", ex.: "File:6".
+		my @temp = split(/[\n]/, run_git("config --get-all remote."
+						. $remotename .".namespaceCache"));
+		chomp(@temp);
+		foreach my $ns (@temp) {
+			my ($n, $id) = split(/:/, $ns);
+			if ($id eq 'notANameSpace') {
+				$namespace_id{$n} = {is_namespace => 0};
+			} else {
+				$namespace_id{$n} = {is_namespace => 1, id => $id};
+			}
+			$cached_mw_namespace_id{$n} = 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!exists $namespace_id{$name}) {
+		print STDERR "Namespace $name not found in cache, querying the wiki ...\n";
+		# NS not found => get namespace id from MW and store it in
+	        # configuration file.
+	        my $query = {
+	                action => 'query',
+	                meta => 'siteinfo',
+	                siprop => 'namespaces'
+	        };
+	        my $result = $mediawiki->api($query);
+
+	        while (my ($id, $ns) = each(%{$result->{query}->{namespaces}})) {
+	                if (defined($ns->{id}) && defined($ns->{canonical})) {
+				$namespace_id{$ns->{canonical}} = {is_namespace => 1, id => $ns->{id}};
+				if ($ns->{'*'}) {
+					# alias (e.g. french Fichier: as alias for canonical File:)
+					$namespace_id{$ns->{'*'}} = {is_namespace => 1, id => $ns->{id}};
+				}
+			}
+	        }
+	}
+
+	my $ns = $namespace_id{$name};
+	my $id;
+
+	unless (defined $ns) {
+		print STDERR "No such namespace $name on MediaWiki.\n";
+		$ns = {is_namespace => 0};
+		$namespace_id{$name} = $ns;
+	}
+
+	if ($ns->{is_namespace}) {
+		$id = $ns->{id};
+	}
+
+	# Store "notANameSpace" as special value for inexisting namespaces
+	my $store_id = ($id || 'notANameSpace');
+
+	# Store explicitely requested namespaces on disk
+	if (!exists $cached_mw_namespace_id{$name}) {
+		run_git("config --add remote.". $remotename
+			.".namespaceCache \"". $name .":". $store_id ."\"");
+		$cached_mw_namespace_id{$name} = 1;
+	}
+	return $id;
+}
+
+sub get_mw_namespace_id_for_page {
+	if (my ($namespace) = $_[0] =~ /^([^:]*):/) {
+		return get_mw_namespace_id($namespace);
+	} else {
+		return;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki.txt b/contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki.txt
index 4d211f5..23b7ef9 100644
--- a/contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki.txt
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki.txt
@@ -4,4 +4,4 @@
 repository thanks to remote-helpers.
 
 For more information, visit the wiki at
-https://github.com/Bibzball/Git-Mediawiki/wiki
+https://github.com/moy/Git-Mediawiki/wiki
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/.gitignore b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a7a40b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+WEB/
+wiki/
+trash directory.t*/
+test-results/
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/Makefile b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f422203
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2012
+#     Charles Roussel <charles.roussel@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Simon Cathebras <simon.cathebras@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Julien Khayat <julien.khayat@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Guillaume Sasdy <guillaume.sasdy@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Simon Perrat <simon.perrat@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#
+## Test git-remote-mediawiki
+
+all: test
+
+-include ../../../config.mak.autogen
+-include ../../../config.mak
+
+T = $(wildcard t[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]-*.sh)
+
+.PHONY: help test clean all
+
+help:
+	@echo 'Run "$(MAKE) test" to launch test scripts'
+	@echo 'Run "$(MAKE) clean" to remove trash folders'
+
+test:
+	@for t in $(T); do \
+		echo "$$t"; \
+		"./$$t" || exit 1; \
+	done
+
+clean:
+	$(RM) -r 'trash directory'.*
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/README b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..03f6ee5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/README
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+Tests for Mediawiki-to-Git
+==========================
+
+Introduction
+------------
+This manual describes how to install the git-remote-mediawiki test
+environment on a machine with git installed on it.
+
+Prerequisite
+------------
+
+In order to run this test environment correctly, you will need to
+install the following packages (Debian/Ubuntu names, may need to be
+adapted for another distribution):
+
+* lighttpd
+* php5
+* php5-cgi
+* php5-cli
+* php5-curl
+* php5-sqlite
+
+Principles and Technical Choices
+--------------------------------
+
+The test environment makes it easy to install and manipulate one or
+several MediaWiki instances. To allow developers to run the testsuite
+easily, the environment does not require root privilege (except to
+install the required packages if needed). It starts a webserver
+instance on the user's account (using lighttpd greatly helps for
+that), and does not need a separate database daemon (thanks to the use
+of sqlite).
+
+Run the test environment
+------------------------
+
+Install a new wiki
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Once you have all the prerequisite, you need to install a MediaWiki
+instance on your machine. If you already have one, it is still
+strongly recommended to install one with the script provided. Here's
+how to work it:
+
+a. change directory to contrib/mw-to-git/t/
+b. if needed, edit test.config to choose your installation parameters
+c. run `./install-wiki.sh install`
+d. check on your favourite web browser if your wiki is correctly
+   installed.
+
+Remove an existing wiki
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Edit the file test.config to fit the wiki you want to delete, and then
+execute the command `./install-wiki.sh delete` from the
+contrib/mw-to-git/t directory.
+
+Run the existing tests
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The provided tests are currently in the `contrib/mw-to-git/t` directory.
+The files are all the t936[0-9]-*.sh shell scripts.
+
+a. Run all tests:
+To do so, run "make test" from the contrib/mw-to-git/ directory.
+
+b. Run a specific test:
+To run a given test <test_name>, run ./<test_name> from the
+contrib/mw-to-git/t directory.
+
+How to create new tests
+-----------------------
+
+Available functions
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The test environment of git-remote-mediawiki provides some functions
+useful to test its behaviour. for more details about the functions'
+parameters, please refer to the `test-gitmw-lib.sh` and
+`test-gitmw.pl` files.
+
+** `test_check_wiki_precond`:
+Check if the tests must be skipped or not. Please use this function
+at the beginning of each new test file.
+
+** `wiki_getpage`:
+Fetch a given page from the wiki and puts its content in the
+directory in parameter.
+
+** `wiki_delete_page`:
+Delete a given page from the wiki.
+
+** `wiki_edit_page`:
+Create or modify a given page in the wiki. You can specify several
+parameters like a summary for the page edition, or add the page to a
+given category.
+See test-gitmw.pl for more details.
+
+** `wiki_getallpage`:
+Fetch all pages from the wiki into a given directory. The directory
+is created if it does not exists.
+
+** `test_diff_directories`:
+Compare the content of two directories. The content must be the same.
+Use this function to compare the content of a git directory and a wiki
+one created by wiki_getallpage.
+
+** `test_contains_N_files`:
+Check if the given directory contains a given number of file.
+
+** `wiki_page_exists`:
+Tests if a given page exists on the wiki.
+
+** `wiki_reset`:
+Reset the wiki, i.e. flush the database. Use this function at the
+beginning of each new test, except if the test re-uses the same wiki
+(and history) as the previous test.
+
+How to write a new test
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Please, follow the standards given by git. See git/t/README.
+New file should be named as t936[0-9]-*.sh.
+Be sure to reset your wiki regulary with the function `wiki_reset`.
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/install-wiki.sh b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/install-wiki.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..70a53f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/install-wiki.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# This script installs or deletes a MediaWiki on your computer.
+# It requires a web server with PHP and SQLite running. In addition, if you
+# do not have MediaWiki sources on your computer, the option 'install'
+# downloads them for you.
+# Please set the CONFIGURATION VARIABLES in ./test-gitmw-lib.sh
+
+WIKI_TEST_DIR=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && pwd)
+
+if test -z "$WIKI_TEST_DIR"
+then
+	WIKI_TEST_DIR=.
+fi
+
+. "$WIKI_TEST_DIR"/test-gitmw-lib.sh
+usage () {
+	echo "usage: "
+	echo "	./install-wiki.sh <install | delete | --help>"
+	echo "		install | -i :	Install a wiki on your computer."
+	echo "		delete | -d : Delete the wiki and all its pages and "
+	echo "			content."
+}
+
+
+# Argument: install, delete, --help | -h
+case "$1" in
+	"install" | "-i")
+		wiki_install
+		exit 0
+		;;
+	"delete" | "-d")
+		wiki_delete
+		exit 0
+		;;
+	"--help" | "-h")
+		usage
+		exit 0
+		;;
+	*)
+		echo "Invalid argument: $1"
+		usage
+		exit 1
+		;;
+esac
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/install-wiki/.gitignore b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/install-wiki/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b5a2a44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/install-wiki/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+wikidb.sqlite
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/install-wiki/LocalSettings.php b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/install-wiki/LocalSettings.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..745e47e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/install-wiki/LocalSettings.php
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+<?php
+# This file was automatically generated by the MediaWiki 1.19.0
+# installer. If you make manual changes, please keep track in case you
+# need to recreate them later.
+#
+# See includes/DefaultSettings.php for all configurable settings
+# and their default values, but don't forget to make changes in _this_
+# file, not there.
+#
+# Further documentation for configuration settings may be found at:
+# http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Configuration_settings
+
+# Protect against web entry
+if ( !defined( 'MEDIAWIKI' ) ) {
+	exit;
+}
+
+## Uncomment this to disable output compression
+# $wgDisableOutputCompression = true;
+
+$wgSitename      = "Git-MediaWiki-Test";
+$wgMetaNamespace = "Git-MediaWiki-Test";
+
+## The URL base path to the directory containing the wiki;
+## defaults for all runtime URL paths are based off of this.
+## For more information on customizing the URLs please see:
+## http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Short_URL
+$wgScriptPath       = "@WG_SCRIPT_PATH@";
+$wgScriptExtension  = ".php";
+
+## The protocol and server name to use in fully-qualified URLs
+$wgServer           = "@WG_SERVER@";
+
+## The relative URL path to the skins directory
+$wgStylePath        = "$wgScriptPath/skins";
+
+## The relative URL path to the logo.  Make sure you change this from the default,
+## or else you'll overwrite your logo when you upgrade!
+$wgLogo             = "$wgStylePath/common/images/wiki.png";
+
+## UPO means: this is also a user preference option
+
+$wgEnableEmail      = true;
+$wgEnableUserEmail  = true; # UPO
+
+$wgEmergencyContact = "apache@localhost";
+$wgPasswordSender   = "apache@localhost";
+
+$wgEnotifUserTalk      = false; # UPO
+$wgEnotifWatchlist     = false; # UPO
+$wgEmailAuthentication = true;
+
+## Database settings
+$wgDBtype           = "sqlite";
+$wgDBserver         = "";
+$wgDBname           = "@WG_SQLITE_DATAFILE@";
+$wgDBuser           = "";
+$wgDBpassword       = "";
+
+# SQLite-specific settings
+$wgSQLiteDataDir    = "@WG_SQLITE_DATADIR@";
+
+
+## Shared memory settings
+$wgMainCacheType    = CACHE_NONE;
+$wgMemCachedServers = array();
+
+## To enable image uploads, make sure the 'images' directory
+## is writable, then set this to true:
+$wgEnableUploads  = true;
+$wgUseImageMagick = true;
+$wgImageMagickConvertCommand ="@CONVERT@";
+$wgFileExtensions[] = 'txt';
+
+# InstantCommons allows wiki to use images from http://commons.wikimedia.org
+$wgUseInstantCommons  = false;
+
+## If you use ImageMagick (or any other shell command) on a
+## Linux server, this will need to be set to the name of an
+## available UTF-8 locale
+$wgShellLocale = "en_US.utf8";
+
+## If you want to use image uploads under safe mode,
+## create the directories images/archive, images/thumb and
+## images/temp, and make them all writable. Then uncomment
+## this, if it's not already uncommented:
+#$wgHashedUploadDirectory = false;
+
+## Set $wgCacheDirectory to a writable directory on the web server
+## to make your wiki go slightly faster. The directory should not
+## be publicly accessible from the web.
+#$wgCacheDirectory = "$IP/cache";
+
+# Site language code, should be one of the list in ./languages/Names.php
+$wgLanguageCode = "en";
+
+$wgSecretKey = "1c912bfe3519fb70f5dc523ecc698111cd43d81a11c585b3eefb28f29c2699b7";
+#$wgSecretKey = "@SECRETKEY@";
+
+
+# Site upgrade key. Must be set to a string (default provided) to turn on the
+# web installer while LocalSettings.php is in place
+$wgUpgradeKey = "ddae7dc87cd0a645";
+
+## Default skin: you can change the default skin. Use the internal symbolic
+## names, ie 'standard', 'nostalgia', 'cologneblue', 'monobook', 'vector':
+$wgDefaultSkin = "vector";
+
+## For attaching licensing metadata to pages, and displaying an
+## appropriate copyright notice / icon. GNU Free Documentation
+## License and Creative Commons licenses are supported so far.
+$wgRightsPage = ""; # Set to the title of a wiki page that describes your license/copyright
+$wgRightsUrl  = "";
+$wgRightsText = "";
+$wgRightsIcon = "";
+
+# Path to the GNU diff3 utility. Used for conflict resolution.
+$wgDiff3 = "/usr/bin/diff3";
+
+# Query string length limit for ResourceLoader. You should only set this if
+# your web server has a query string length limit (then set it to that limit),
+# or if you have suhosin.get.max_value_length set in php.ini (then set it to
+# that value)
+$wgResourceLoaderMaxQueryLength = -1;
+
+
+
+# End of automatically generated settings.
+# Add more configuration options below.
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/install-wiki/db_install.php b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/install-wiki/db_install.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f3f4e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/install-wiki/db_install.php
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+<?php
+/**
+ * This script generates a SQLite database for a MediaWiki version 1.19.0
+ * You must specify the login of the admin (argument 1) and its
+ * password (argument 2) and the folder where the database file
+ * is located (absolute path in argument 3).
+ * It is used by the script install-wiki.sh in order to make easy the
+ * installation of a MediaWiki.
+ *
+ * In order to generate a SQLite database file, MediaWiki ask the user
+ * to submit some forms in its web browser. This script simulates this
+ * behavior though the functions <get> and <submit>
+ *
+ */
+$argc = $_SERVER['argc'];
+$argv = $_SERVER['argv'];
+
+$login = $argv[2];
+$pass = $argv[3];
+$tmp = $argv[4];
+$port = $argv[5];
+
+$url = 'http://localhost:'.$port.'/wiki/mw-config/index.php';
+$db_dir = urlencode($tmp);
+$tmp_cookie = tempnam($tmp, "COOKIE_");
+/*
+ * Fetchs a page with cURL.
+ */
+function get($page_name = "") {
+	$curl = curl_init();
+	$page_name_add = "";
+	if ($page_name != "") {
+		$page_name_add = '?page='.$page_name;
+	}
+	$url = $GLOBALS['url'].$page_name_add;
+	$tmp_cookie = $GLOBALS['tmp_cookie'];
+	curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, $tmp_cookie);
+	curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
+	curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, true);
+	curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, $tmp_cookie);
+	curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_HEADER, true);
+	curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
+
+	$page = curl_exec($curl);
+	if (!$page) {
+		die("Could not get page: $url\n");
+	}
+	curl_close($curl);
+	return $page;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Submits a form with cURL.
+ */
+function submit($page_name, $option = "") {
+	$curl = curl_init();
+	$datapost = 'submit-continue=Continue+%E2%86%92';
+	if ($option != "") {
+		$datapost = $option.'&'.$datapost;
+	}
+	$url = $GLOBALS['url'].'?page='.$page_name;
+	$tmp_cookie = $GLOBALS['tmp_cookie'];
+	curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
+	curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_POST, true);
+	curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, true);
+	curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $datapost);
+	curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
+	curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, $tmp_cookie);
+	curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, $tmp_cookie);
+
+	$page = curl_exec($curl);
+	if (!$page) {
+		die("Could not get page: $url\n");
+	}
+	curl_close($curl);
+	return "$page";
+}
+
+/*
+ * Here starts this script: simulates the behavior of the user
+ * submitting forms to generates the database file.
+ * Note this simulation was made for the MediaWiki version 1.19.0,
+ * we can't assume it works with other versions.
+ *
+ */
+
+$page = get();
+if (!preg_match('/input type="hidden" value="([0-9]+)" name="LanguageRequestTime"/',
+		$page, $matches)) {
+	echo "Unexpected content for page downloaded:\n";
+	echo "$page";
+	die;
+};
+$timestamp = $matches[1];
+$language = "LanguageRequestTime=$timestamp&uselang=en&ContLang=en";
+$page = submit('Language', $language);
+
+submit('Welcome');
+
+$db_config = 'DBType=sqlite';
+$db_config = $db_config.'&sqlite_wgSQLiteDataDir='.$db_dir;
+$db_config = $db_config.'&sqlite_wgDBname='.$argv[1];
+submit('DBConnect', $db_config);
+
+$wiki_config = 'config_wgSitename=TEST';
+$wiki_config = $wiki_config.'&config__NamespaceType=site-name';
+$wiki_config = $wiki_config.'&config_wgMetaNamespace=MyWiki';
+$wiki_config = $wiki_config.'&config__AdminName='.$login;
+
+$wiki_config = $wiki_config.'&config__AdminPassword='.$pass;
+$wiki_config = $wiki_config.'&config__AdminPassword2='.$pass;
+
+$wiki_config = $wiki_config.'&wiki__configEmail=email%40email.org';
+$wiki_config = $wiki_config.'&config__SkipOptional=skip';
+submit('Name', $wiki_config);
+submit('Install');
+submit('Install');
+
+unlink($tmp_cookie);
+?>
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/push-pull-tests.sh b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/push-pull-tests.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9da2dc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/push-pull-tests.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+test_push_pull () {
+
+	test_expect_success 'Git pull works after adding a new wiki page' '
+		wiki_reset &&
+
+		git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_1 &&
+		wiki_editpage Foo "page created after the git clone" false &&
+
+		(
+			cd mw_dir_1 &&
+			git pull
+		) &&
+
+		wiki_getallpage ref_page_1 &&
+		test_diff_directories mw_dir_1 ref_page_1
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success 'Git pull works after editing a wiki page' '
+		wiki_reset &&
+
+		wiki_editpage Foo "page created before the git clone" false &&
+		git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_2 &&
+		wiki_editpage Foo "new line added on the wiki" true &&
+
+		(
+			cd mw_dir_2 &&
+			git pull
+		) &&
+
+		wiki_getallpage ref_page_2 &&
+		test_diff_directories mw_dir_2 ref_page_2
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success 'git pull works on conflict handled by auto-merge' '
+		wiki_reset &&
+
+		wiki_editpage Foo "1 init
+3
+5
+	" false &&
+		git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_3 &&
+
+		wiki_editpage Foo "1 init
+2 content added on wiki after clone
+3
+5
+	" false &&
+
+		(
+			cd mw_dir_3 &&
+		echo "1 init
+3
+4 content added on git after clone
+5
+" >Foo.mw &&
+			git commit -am "conflicting change on foo" &&
+			git pull &&
+			git push
+		)
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success 'Git push works after adding a file .mw' '
+		wiki_reset &&
+		git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_4 &&
+		wiki_getallpage ref_page_4 &&
+		(
+			cd mw_dir_4 &&
+			test_path_is_missing Foo.mw &&
+			touch Foo.mw &&
+			echo "hello world" >>Foo.mw &&
+			git add Foo.mw &&
+			git commit -m "Foo" &&
+			git push
+		) &&
+		wiki_getallpage ref_page_4 &&
+		test_diff_directories mw_dir_4 ref_page_4
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success 'Git push works after editing a file .mw' '
+		wiki_reset &&
+		wiki_editpage "Foo" "page created before the git clone" false &&
+		git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_5 &&
+
+		(
+			cd mw_dir_5 &&
+			echo "new line added in the file Foo.mw" >>Foo.mw &&
+			git commit -am "edit file Foo.mw" &&
+			git push
+		) &&
+
+		wiki_getallpage ref_page_5 &&
+		test_diff_directories mw_dir_5 ref_page_5
+	'
+
+	test_expect_failure 'Git push works after deleting a file' '
+		wiki_reset &&
+		wiki_editpage Foo "wiki page added before git clone" false &&
+		git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_6 &&
+
+		(
+			cd mw_dir_6 &&
+			git rm Foo.mw &&
+			git commit -am "page Foo.mw deleted" &&
+			git push
+		) &&
+
+		test_must_fail wiki_page_exist Foo
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success 'Merge conflict expected and solving it' '
+		wiki_reset &&
+
+		git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_7 &&
+		wiki_editpage Foo "1 conflict
+3 wiki
+4" false &&
+
+		(
+			cd mw_dir_7 &&
+		echo "1 conflict
+2 git
+4" >Foo.mw &&
+			git add Foo.mw &&
+			git commit -m "conflict created" &&
+			test_must_fail git pull &&
+			"$PERL_PATH" -pi -e "s/[<=>].*//g" Foo.mw &&
+			git commit -am "merge conflict solved" &&
+			git push
+		)
+	'
+
+	test_expect_failure 'git pull works after deleting a wiki page' '
+		wiki_reset &&
+		wiki_editpage Foo "wiki page added before the git clone" false &&
+		git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_8 &&
+
+		wiki_delete_page Foo &&
+		(
+			cd mw_dir_8 &&
+			git pull &&
+			test_path_is_missing Foo.mw
+		)
+	'
+}
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9360-mw-to-git-clone.sh b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9360-mw-to-git-clone.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..811a90c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9360-mw-to-git-clone.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2012
+#     Charles Roussel <charles.roussel@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Simon Cathebras <simon.cathebras@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Julien Khayat <julien.khayat@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Guillaume Sasdy <guillaume.sasdy@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Simon Perrat <simon.perrat@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#
+# License: GPL v2 or later
+
+
+test_description='Test the Git Mediawiki remote helper: git clone'
+
+. ./test-gitmw-lib.sh
+. $TEST_DIRECTORY/test-lib.sh
+
+
+test_check_precond
+
+
+test_expect_success 'Git clone creates the expected git log with one file' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage foo "this is not important" false -c cat -s "this must be the same" &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_1 &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_1 &&
+		git log --format=%s HEAD^..HEAD >log.tmp
+	) &&
+	echo "this must be the same" >msg.tmp &&
+	diff -b mw_dir_1/log.tmp msg.tmp
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'Git clone creates the expected git log with multiple files' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage daddy "this is not important" false -s="this must be the same" &&
+	wiki_editpage daddy "neither is this" true -s="this must also be the same" &&
+	wiki_editpage daddy "neither is this" true -s="same same same" &&
+	wiki_editpage dj "dont care" false -s="identical" &&
+	wiki_editpage dj "dont care either" true -s="identical too" &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_2 &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_2 &&
+		git log --format=%s Daddy.mw  >logDaddy.tmp &&
+		git log --format=%s Dj.mw >logDj.tmp
+	) &&
+	echo "same same same" >msgDaddy.tmp &&
+	echo "this must also be the same" >>msgDaddy.tmp &&
+	echo "this must be the same" >>msgDaddy.tmp &&
+	echo "identical too" >msgDj.tmp &&
+	echo "identical" >>msgDj.tmp &&
+	diff -b mw_dir_2/logDaddy.tmp msgDaddy.tmp &&
+	diff -b mw_dir_2/logDj.tmp msgDj.tmp
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'Git clone creates only Main_Page.mw with an empty wiki' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_3 &&
+	test_contains_N_files mw_dir_3 1 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_3/Main_Page.mw
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Git clone does not fetch a deleted page' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage foo "this page must be deleted before the clone" false &&
+	wiki_delete_page foo &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_4 &&
+	test_contains_N_files mw_dir_4 1 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_4/Main_Page.mw &&
+	test_path_is_missing mw_dir_4/Foo.mw
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Git clone works with page added' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage foo " I will be cloned" false &&
+	wiki_editpage bar "I will be cloned" false &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_5 &&
+	wiki_getallpage ref_page_5 &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_5 ref_page_5 &&
+	wiki_delete_page foo &&
+	wiki_delete_page bar
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Git clone works with an edited page ' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage foo "this page will be edited" \
+		false -s "first edition of page foo"&&
+	wiki_editpage foo "this page has been edited and must be on the clone " true &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_6 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_6/Foo.mw &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_6/Main_Page.mw &&
+	wiki_getallpage mw_dir_6/page_ref_6 &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_6 mw_dir_6/page_ref_6 &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_6 &&
+		git log --format=%s HEAD^ Foo.mw > ../Foo.log
+	) &&
+	echo "first edition of page foo" > FooExpect.log &&
+	diff FooExpect.log Foo.log
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'Git clone works with several pages and some deleted ' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage foo "this page will not be deleted" false &&
+	wiki_editpage bar "I must not be erased" false &&
+	wiki_editpage namnam "I will not be there at the end" false &&
+	wiki_editpage nyancat "nyan nyan nyan delete me" false &&
+	wiki_delete_page namnam &&
+	wiki_delete_page nyancat &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_7 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_7/Foo.mw &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_7/Bar.mw &&
+	test_path_is_missing mw_dir_7/Namnam.mw &&
+	test_path_is_missing mw_dir_7/Nyancat.mw &&
+	wiki_getallpage mw_dir_7/page_ref_7 &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_7 mw_dir_7/page_ref_7
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'Git clone works with one specific page cloned ' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage foo "I will not be cloned" false &&
+	wiki_editpage bar "Do not clone me" false &&
+	wiki_editpage namnam "I will be cloned :)" false  -s="this log must stay" &&
+	wiki_editpage nyancat "nyan nyan nyan you cant clone me" false &&
+	git clone -c remote.origin.pages=namnam \
+		mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_8 &&
+	test_contains_N_files mw_dir_8 1 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_8/Namnam.mw &&
+	test_path_is_missing mw_dir_8/Main_Page.mw &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_8 &&
+		echo "this log must stay" >msg.tmp &&
+		git log --format=%s >log.tmp &&
+		diff -b msg.tmp log.tmp
+	) &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_8/Namnam.mw Namnam
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Git clone works with multiple specific page cloned ' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage foo "I will be there" false &&
+	wiki_editpage bar "I will not disapear" false &&
+	wiki_editpage namnam "I be erased" false &&
+	wiki_editpage nyancat "nyan nyan nyan you will not erase me" false &&
+	wiki_delete_page namnam &&
+	git clone -c remote.origin.pages="foo bar nyancat namnam" \
+		mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_9 &&
+	test_contains_N_files mw_dir_9 3 &&
+	test_path_is_missing mw_dir_9/Namnam.mw &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_9/Foo.mw &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_9/Nyancat.mw &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_9/Bar.mw &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_9/Foo.mw Foo &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_9/Bar.mw Bar &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_9/Nyancat.mw Nyancat
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Mediawiki-clone of several specific pages on wiki' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage foo "foo 1" false &&
+	wiki_editpage bar "bar 1" false &&
+	wiki_editpage dummy "dummy 1" false &&
+	wiki_editpage cloned_1 "cloned_1 1" false &&
+	wiki_editpage cloned_2 "cloned_2 2" false &&
+	wiki_editpage cloned_3 "cloned_3 3" false &&
+	mkdir -p ref_page_10 &&
+	wiki_getpage cloned_1 ref_page_10 &&
+	wiki_getpage cloned_2 ref_page_10 &&
+	wiki_getpage cloned_3 ref_page_10 &&
+	git clone -c remote.origin.pages="cloned_1 cloned_2 cloned_3" \
+		mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_10 &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_10 ref_page_10
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Git clone works with the shallow option' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage foo "1st revision, should be cloned" false &&
+	wiki_editpage bar "1st revision, should be cloned" false &&
+	wiki_editpage nyan "1st revision, should not be cloned" false &&
+	wiki_editpage nyan "2nd revision, should be cloned" false &&
+	git -c remote.origin.shallow=true clone \
+		mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_11 &&
+	test_contains_N_files mw_dir_11 4 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_11/Nyan.mw &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_11/Foo.mw &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_11/Bar.mw &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_11/Main_Page.mw &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_11 &&
+		test `git log --oneline Nyan.mw | wc -l` -eq 1 &&
+		test `git log --oneline Foo.mw | wc -l` -eq 1 &&
+		test `git log --oneline Bar.mw | wc -l` -eq 1 &&
+		test `git log --oneline Main_Page.mw | wc -l ` -eq 1
+	) &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_11/Nyan.mw Nyan &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_11/Foo.mw Foo &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_11/Bar.mw Bar &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_11/Main_Page.mw Main_Page
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Git clone works with the shallow option with a delete page' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage foo "1st revision, will be deleted" false &&
+	wiki_editpage bar "1st revision, should be cloned" false &&
+	wiki_editpage nyan "1st revision, should not be cloned" false &&
+	wiki_editpage nyan "2nd revision, should be cloned" false &&
+	wiki_delete_page foo &&
+	git -c remote.origin.shallow=true clone \
+		mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_12 &&
+	test_contains_N_files mw_dir_12 3 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_12/Nyan.mw &&
+	test_path_is_missing mw_dir_12/Foo.mw &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_12/Bar.mw &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_12/Main_Page.mw &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_12 &&
+		test `git log --oneline Nyan.mw | wc -l` -eq 1 &&
+		test `git log --oneline Bar.mw | wc -l` -eq 1 &&
+		test `git log --oneline Main_Page.mw | wc -l ` -eq 1
+	) &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_12/Nyan.mw Nyan &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_12/Bar.mw Bar &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_12/Main_Page.mw Main_Page
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Test of fetching a category' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage Foo "I will be cloned" false -c=Category &&
+	wiki_editpage Bar "Meet me on the repository" false -c=Category &&
+	wiki_editpage Dummy "I will not come" false &&
+	wiki_editpage BarWrong "I will stay online only" false -c=NotCategory &&
+	git clone -c remote.origin.categories="Category" \
+		mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_13 &&
+	wiki_getallpage ref_page_13 Category &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_13 ref_page_13
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Test of resistance to modification of category on wiki for clone' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage Tobedeleted "this page will be deleted" false -c=Catone &&
+	wiki_editpage Tobeedited "this page will be modified" false -c=Catone &&
+	wiki_editpage Normalone "this page wont be modified and will be on git" false -c=Catone &&
+	wiki_editpage Notconsidered "this page will not appear on local" false &&
+	wiki_editpage Othercategory "this page will not appear on local" false -c=Cattwo &&
+	wiki_editpage Tobeedited "this page have been modified" true -c=Catone &&
+	wiki_delete_page Tobedeleted
+	git clone -c remote.origin.categories="Catone" \
+		mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_14 &&
+	wiki_getallpage ref_page_14 Catone &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_14 ref_page_14
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9361-mw-to-git-push-pull.sh b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9361-mw-to-git-push-pull.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..9ea2014
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9361-mw-to-git-push-pull.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2012
+#     Charles Roussel <charles.roussel@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Simon Cathebras <simon.cathebras@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Julien Khayat <julien.khayat@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Guillaume Sasdy <guillaume.sasdy@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Simon Perrat <simon.perrat@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#
+# License: GPL v2 or later
+
+# tests for git-remote-mediawiki
+
+test_description='Test the Git Mediawiki remote helper: git push and git pull simple test cases'
+
+. ./test-gitmw-lib.sh
+. ./push-pull-tests.sh
+. $TEST_DIRECTORY/test-lib.sh
+
+test_check_precond
+
+test_push_pull
+
+test_done
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9362-mw-to-git-utf8.sh b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9362-mw-to-git-utf8.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..37021e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9362-mw-to-git-utf8.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,347 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2012
+#     Charles Roussel <charles.roussel@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Simon Cathebras <simon.cathebras@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Julien Khayat <julien.khayat@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Guillaume Sasdy <guillaume.sasdy@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Simon Perrat <simon.perrat@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#
+# License: GPL v2 or later
+
+# tests for git-remote-mediawiki
+
+test_description='Test git-mediawiki with special characters in filenames'
+
+. ./test-gitmw-lib.sh
+. $TEST_DIRECTORY/test-lib.sh
+
+
+test_check_precond
+
+
+test_expect_success 'Git clone works for a wiki with accents in the page names' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage féé "This page must be délétéd before clone" false &&
+	wiki_editpage kèè "This page must be deleted before clone" false &&
+	wiki_editpage hàà "This page must be deleted before clone" false &&
+	wiki_editpage kîî "This page must be deleted before clone" false &&
+	wiki_editpage foo "This page must be deleted before clone" false &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_1 &&
+	wiki_getallpage ref_page_1 &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_1 ref_page_1
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'Git pull works with a wiki with accents in the pages names' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage kîî "this page must be cloned" false &&
+	wiki_editpage foo "this page must be cloned" false &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_2 &&
+	wiki_editpage éàîôû "This page must be pulled" false &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_2 &&
+		git pull
+	) &&
+	wiki_getallpage ref_page_2 &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_2 ref_page_2
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'Cloning a chosen page works with accents' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage kîî "this page must be cloned" false &&
+	git clone -c remote.origin.pages=kîî \
+		mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_3 &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_3/Kîî.mw Kîî &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_3/Kîî.mw &&
+	rm -rf mw_dir_3
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'The shallow option works with accents' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage néoà "1st revision, should not be cloned" false &&
+	wiki_editpage néoà "2nd revision, should be cloned" false &&
+	git -c remote.origin.shallow=true clone \
+		mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_4 &&
+	test_contains_N_files mw_dir_4 2 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_4/Néoà.mw &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_4/Main_Page.mw &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_4 &&
+		test `git log --oneline Néoà.mw | wc -l` -eq 1 &&
+		test `git log --oneline Main_Page.mw | wc -l ` -eq 1
+	) &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_4/Néoà.mw Néoà &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_4/Main_Page.mw Main_Page
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'Cloning works when page name first letter has an accent' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage îî "this page must be cloned" false &&
+	git clone -c remote.origin.pages=îî \
+		mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_5 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_5/Îî.mw &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_5/Îî.mw Îî
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'Git push works with a wiki with accents' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage féé "lots of accents : éèàÖ" false &&
+	wiki_editpage foo "this page must be cloned" false &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_6 &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_6 &&
+		echo "A wild Pîkächû appears on the wiki" >Pîkächû.mw &&
+		git add Pîkächû.mw &&
+		git commit -m "A new page appears" &&
+		git push
+	) &&
+	wiki_getallpage ref_page_6 &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_6 ref_page_6
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Git clone works with accentsand spaces' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage "é à î" "this page must be délété before the clone" false &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_7 &&
+	wiki_getallpage ref_page_7 &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_7 ref_page_7
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'character $ in page name (mw -> git)' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage file_\$_foo "expect to be called file_$_foo" false &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_8 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_8/File_\$_foo.mw &&
+	wiki_getallpage ref_page_8 &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_8 ref_page_8
+'
+
+
+
+test_expect_success 'character $ in file name (git -> mw) ' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_9 &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_9 &&
+		echo "this file is called File_\$_foo.mw" >File_\$_foo.mw &&
+		git add . &&
+		git commit -am "file File_\$_foo.mw" &&
+		git pull &&
+		git push
+	) &&
+	wiki_getallpage ref_page_9 &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_9 ref_page_9
+'
+
+
+test_expect_failure 'capital at the beginning of file names' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_10 &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_10 &&
+		echo "my new file foo" >foo.mw &&
+		echo "my new file Foo... Finger crossed" >Foo.mw &&
+		git add . &&
+		git commit -am "file foo.mw" &&
+		git pull &&
+		git push
+	) &&
+	wiki_getallpage ref_page_10 &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_10 ref_page_10
+'
+
+
+test_expect_failure 'special character at the beginning of file name from mw to git' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_11 &&
+	wiki_editpage {char_1 "expect to be renamed {char_1" false &&
+	wiki_editpage [char_2 "expect to be renamed [char_2" false &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_11 &&
+		git pull
+	) &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_11/{char_1 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_11/[char_2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Pull page with title containing ":" other than namespace separator' '
+	wiki_editpage Foo:Bar content false &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_11 &&
+		git pull
+	) &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_11/Foo:Bar.mw
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Push page with title containing ":" other than namespace separator' '
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_11 &&
+		echo content >NotANameSpace:Page.mw &&
+		git add NotANameSpace:Page.mw &&
+		git commit -m "add page with colon" &&
+		git push
+	) &&
+	wiki_page_exist NotANameSpace:Page
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test of correct formatting for file name from mw to git' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_12 &&
+	wiki_editpage char_%_7b_1 "expect to be renamed char{_1" false &&
+	wiki_editpage char_%_5b_2 "expect to be renamed char{_2" false &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_12 &&
+		git pull
+	) &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_12/Char\{_1.mw &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_12/Char\[_2.mw &&
+	wiki_getallpage ref_page_12 &&
+	mv ref_page_12/Char_%_7b_1.mw ref_page_12/Char\{_1.mw &&
+	mv ref_page_12/Char_%_5b_2.mw ref_page_12/Char\[_2.mw &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_12 ref_page_12
+'
+
+
+test_expect_failure 'test of correct formatting for file name beginning with special character' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_13 &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_13 &&
+		echo "my new file {char_1" >\{char_1.mw &&
+		echo "my new file [char_2" >\[char_2.mw &&
+		git add . &&
+		git commit -am "committing some exotic file name..." &&
+		git push &&
+		git pull
+	) &&
+	wiki_getallpage ref_page_13 &&
+	test_path_is_file ref_page_13/{char_1.mw &&
+	test_path_is_file ref_page_13/[char_2.mw &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_13 ref_page_13
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'test of correct formatting for file name from git to mw' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_14 &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_14 &&
+		echo "my new file char{_1" >Char\{_1.mw &&
+		echo "my new file char[_2" >Char\[_2.mw &&
+		git add . &&
+		git commit -m "committing some exotic file name..." &&
+		git push
+	) &&
+	wiki_getallpage ref_page_14 &&
+	mv mw_dir_14/Char\{_1.mw mw_dir_14/Char_%_7b_1.mw &&
+	mv mw_dir_14/Char\[_2.mw mw_dir_14/Char_%_5b_2.mw &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_14 ref_page_14
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'git clone with /' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage \/fo\/o "this is not important" false -c=Deleted &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_15 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_15/%2Ffo%2Fo.mw &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_15/%2Ffo%2Fo.mw \/fo\/o
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'git push with /' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_16 &&
+	echo "I will be on the wiki" >mw_dir_16/%2Ffo%2Fo.mw &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_16 &&
+		git add %2Ffo%2Fo.mw &&
+		git commit -m " %2Ffo%2Fo added" &&
+		git push
+	) &&
+	wiki_page_exist \/fo\/o &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_16/%2Ffo%2Fo.mw \/fo\/o
+
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'git clone with \' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage \\ko\\o "this is not important" false -c=Deleted &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_17 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_17/\\ko\\o.mw &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_17/\\ko\\o.mw \\ko\\o
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'git push with \' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_18 &&
+	echo "I will be on the wiki" >mw_dir_18/\\ko\\o.mw &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_18 &&
+		git add \\ko\\o.mw &&
+		git commit -m " \\ko\\o added" &&
+		git push
+	)&&
+	wiki_page_exist \\ko\\o &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_18/\\ko\\o.mw \\ko\\o
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clone with \ in format control' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage \\no\\o "this is not important" false &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_19 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_19/\\no\\o.mw &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_19/\\no\\o.mw \\no\\o
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'git push with \ in format control' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_20 &&
+	echo "I will be on the wiki" >mw_dir_20/\\fo\\o.mw &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_20 &&
+		git add \\fo\\o.mw &&
+		git commit -m " \\fo\\o added" &&
+		git push
+	)&&
+	wiki_page_exist \\fo\\o &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_20/\\fo\\o.mw \\fo\\o
+
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'fast-import meta-characters in page name (mw -> git)' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage \"file\"_\\_foo "expect to be called \"file\"_\\_foo" false &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_21 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_21/\"file\"_\\_foo.mw &&
+	wiki_getallpage ref_page_21 &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_21 ref_page_21
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'fast-import meta-characters in page name (git -> mw) ' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_22 &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_22 &&
+		echo "this file is called \"file\"_\\_foo.mw" >\"file\"_\\_foo &&
+		git add . &&
+		git commit -am "file \"file\"_\\_foo" &&
+		git pull &&
+		git push
+	) &&
+	wiki_getallpage ref_page_22 &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_22 ref_page_22
+'
+
+
+test_done
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9363-mw-to-git-export-import.sh b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9363-mw-to-git-export-import.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..5a03739
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9363-mw-to-git-export-import.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2012
+#     Charles Roussel <charles.roussel@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Simon Cathebras <simon.cathebras@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Julien Khayat <julien.khayat@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Guillaume Sasdy <guillaume.sasdy@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Simon Perrat <simon.perrat@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#
+# License: GPL v2 or later
+
+# tests for git-remote-mediawiki
+
+test_description='Test the Git Mediawiki remote helper: git push and git pull simple test cases'
+
+. ./test-gitmw-lib.sh
+. $TEST_DIRECTORY/test-lib.sh
+
+
+test_check_precond
+
+
+test_git_reimport () {
+	git -c remote.origin.dumbPush=true push &&
+	git -c remote.origin.mediaImport=true pull --rebase
+}
+
+# Don't bother with permissions, be administrator by default
+test_expect_success 'setup config' '
+	git config --global remote.origin.mwLogin WikiAdmin &&
+	git config --global remote.origin.mwPassword AdminPass &&
+	test_might_fail git config --global --unset remote.origin.mediaImport
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git push can upload media (File:) files' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir &&
+		echo "hello world" >Foo.txt &&
+		git add Foo.txt &&
+		git commit -m "add a text file" &&
+		git push &&
+		"$PERL_PATH" -e "print STDOUT \"binary content: \".chr(255);" >Foo.txt &&
+		git add Foo.txt &&
+		git commit -m "add a text file with binary content" &&
+		git push
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clone works on previously created wiki with media files' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf mw_dir mw_dir_clone" &&
+	git clone -c remote.origin.mediaimport=true \
+		mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_clone &&
+	test_cmp mw_dir_clone/Foo.txt mw_dir/Foo.txt &&
+	(cd mw_dir_clone && git checkout HEAD^) &&
+	(cd mw_dir && git checkout HEAD^) &&
+	test_cmp mw_dir_clone/Foo.txt mw_dir/Foo.txt
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git push & pull work with locally renamed media files' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -fr mw_dir" &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir &&
+		echo "A File" >Foo.txt &&
+		git add Foo.txt &&
+		git commit -m "add a file" &&
+		git mv Foo.txt Bar.txt &&
+		git commit -m "Rename a file" &&
+		test_git_reimport &&
+		echo "A File" >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect Bar.txt &&
+		test_path_is_missing Foo.txt
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git push can propagate local page deletion' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -fr mw_dir" &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir &&
+		test_path_is_missing Foo.mw &&
+		echo "hello world" >Foo.mw &&
+		git add Foo.mw &&
+		git commit -m "Add the page Foo" &&
+		git push &&
+		rm -f Foo.mw &&
+		git commit -am "Delete the page Foo" &&
+		test_git_reimport &&
+		test_path_is_missing Foo.mw
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git push can propagate local media file deletion' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -fr mw_dir" &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir &&
+		echo "hello world" >Foo.txt &&
+		git add Foo.txt &&
+		git commit -m "Add the text file Foo" &&
+		git rm Foo.txt &&
+		git commit -m "Delete the file Foo" &&
+		test_git_reimport &&
+		test_path_is_missing Foo.txt
+	)
+'
+
+# test failure: the file is correctly uploaded, and then deleted but
+# as no page link to it, the import (which looks at page revisions)
+# doesn't notice the file deletion on the wiki. We fetch the list of
+# files from the wiki, but as the file is deleted, it doesn't appear.
+test_expect_failure 'git pull correctly imports media file deletion when no page link to it' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -fr mw_dir" &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir &&
+		echo "hello world" >Foo.txt &&
+		git add Foo.txt &&
+		git commit -m "Add the text file Foo" &&
+		git push &&
+		git rm Foo.txt &&
+		git commit -m "Delete the file Foo" &&
+		test_git_reimport &&
+		test_path_is_missing Foo.txt
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git push properly warns about insufficient permissions' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -fr mw_dir" &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir &&
+		echo "A File" >foo.forbidden &&
+		git add foo.forbidden &&
+		git commit -m "add a file" &&
+		git push 2>actual &&
+		test_i18ngrep "foo.forbidden is not a permitted file" actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup a repository with media files' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage testpage "I am linking a file [[File:File.txt]]" false &&
+	echo "File content" >File.txt &&
+	wiki_upload_file File.txt &&
+	echo "Another file content" >AnotherFile.txt &&
+	wiki_upload_file AnotherFile.txt
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clone works with one specific page cloned and mediaimport=true' '
+	git clone -c remote.origin.pages=testpage \
+		  -c remote.origin.mediaimport=true \
+			mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_15 &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf mw_dir_15" &&
+	test_contains_N_files mw_dir_15 3 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_15/Testpage.mw &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_15/File:File.txt.mw &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_15/File.txt &&
+	test_path_is_missing mw_dir_15/Main_Page.mw &&
+	test_path_is_missing mw_dir_15/File:AnotherFile.txt.mw &&
+	test_path_is_missing mw_dir_15/AnothetFile.txt &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_15/Testpage.mw Testpage &&
+	test_cmp mw_dir_15/File.txt File.txt
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clone works with one specific page cloned and mediaimport=false' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf mw_dir_16" &&
+	git clone -c remote.origin.pages=testpage \
+			mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_16 &&
+	test_contains_N_files mw_dir_16 1 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_16/Testpage.mw &&
+	test_path_is_missing mw_dir_16/File:File.txt.mw &&
+	test_path_is_missing mw_dir_16/File.txt &&
+	test_path_is_missing mw_dir_16/Main_Page.mw &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_16/Testpage.mw Testpage
+'
+
+# should behave like mediaimport=false
+test_expect_success 'git clone works with one specific page cloned and mediaimport unset' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -fr mw_dir_17" &&
+	git clone -c remote.origin.pages=testpage \
+		mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_17 &&
+	test_contains_N_files mw_dir_17 1 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_17/Testpage.mw &&
+	test_path_is_missing mw_dir_17/File:File.txt.mw &&
+	test_path_is_missing mw_dir_17/File.txt &&
+	test_path_is_missing mw_dir_17/Main_Page.mw &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_17/Testpage.mw Testpage
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9364-pull-by-rev.sh b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9364-pull-by-rev.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..5c22457
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9364-pull-by-rev.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Test the Git Mediawiki remote helper: git pull by revision'
+
+. ./test-gitmw-lib.sh
+. ./push-pull-tests.sh
+. $TEST_DIRECTORY/test-lib.sh
+
+test_check_precond
+
+test_expect_success 'configuration' '
+	git config --global mediawiki.fetchStrategy by_rev
+'
+
+test_push_pull
+
+test_done
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/test-gitmw-lib.sh b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/test-gitmw-lib.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3b2cfac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/test-gitmw-lib.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,435 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2012
+#     Charles Roussel <charles.roussel@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Simon Cathebras <simon.cathebras@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Julien Khayat <julien.khayat@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Guillaume Sasdy <guillaume.sasdy@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Simon Perrat <simon.perrat@ensimag.imag.fr>
+# License: GPL v2 or later
+
+#
+# CONFIGURATION VARIABLES
+# You might want to change these ones
+#
+
+. ./test.config
+
+WIKI_URL=http://"$SERVER_ADDR:$PORT/$WIKI_DIR_NAME"
+CURR_DIR=$(pwd)
+TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY=$(pwd)
+TEST_DIRECTORY="$CURR_DIR"/../../../t
+
+export TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY TEST_DIRECTORY CURR_DIR
+
+if test "$LIGHTTPD" = "false" ; then
+	PORT=80
+else
+	WIKI_DIR_INST="$CURR_DIR/$WEB_WWW"
+fi
+
+wiki_upload_file () {
+	"$CURR_DIR"/test-gitmw.pl upload_file "$@"
+}
+
+wiki_getpage () {
+	"$CURR_DIR"/test-gitmw.pl get_page "$@"
+}
+
+wiki_delete_page () {
+	"$CURR_DIR"/test-gitmw.pl delete_page "$@"
+}
+
+wiki_editpage () {
+	"$CURR_DIR"/test-gitmw.pl edit_page "$@"
+}
+
+die () {
+	die_with_status 1 "$@"
+}
+
+die_with_status () {
+	status=$1
+	shift
+	echo >&2 "$*"
+	exit "$status"
+}
+
+
+# Check the preconditions to run git-remote-mediawiki's tests
+test_check_precond () {
+	if ! test_have_prereq PERL
+	then
+		skip_all='skipping gateway git-mw tests, perl not available'
+		test_done
+	fi
+
+	if [ ! -f "$GIT_BUILD_DIR"/git-remote-mediawiki ];
+	then
+		echo "No remote mediawiki for git found. Copying it in git"
+		echo "cp $GIT_BUILD_DIR/contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki $GIT_BUILD_DIR/"
+		ln -s "$GIT_BUILD_DIR"/contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki "$GIT_BUILD_DIR"
+	fi
+
+	if [ ! -d "$WIKI_DIR_INST/$WIKI_DIR_NAME" ];
+	then
+		skip_all='skipping gateway git-mw tests, no mediawiki found'
+		test_done
+	fi
+}
+
+# test_diff_directories <dir_git> <dir_wiki>
+#
+# Compare the contents of directories <dir_git> and <dir_wiki> with diff
+# and errors if they do not match. The program will
+# not look into .git in the process.
+# Warning: the first argument MUST be the directory containing the git data
+test_diff_directories () {
+	rm -rf "$1_tmp"
+	mkdir -p "$1_tmp"
+	cp "$1"/*.mw "$1_tmp"
+	diff -r -b "$1_tmp" "$2"
+}
+
+# $1=<dir>
+# $2=<N>
+#
+# Check that <dir> contains exactly <N> files
+test_contains_N_files () {
+	if test `ls -- "$1" | wc -l` -ne "$2"; then
+		echo "directory $1 sould contain $2 files"
+		echo "it contains these files:"
+		ls "$1"
+		false
+	fi
+}
+
+
+# wiki_check_content <file_name> <page_name>
+#
+# Compares the contents of the file <file_name> and the wiki page
+# <page_name> and exits with error 1 if they do not match.
+wiki_check_content () {
+	mkdir -p wiki_tmp
+	wiki_getpage "$2" wiki_tmp
+	# replacement of forbidden character in file name
+	page_name=$(printf "%s\n" "$2" | sed -e "s/\//%2F/g")
+
+	diff -b "$1" wiki_tmp/"$page_name".mw
+	if test $? -ne 0
+	then
+		rm -rf wiki_tmp
+		error "ERROR: file $2 not found on wiki"
+	fi
+	rm -rf wiki_tmp
+}
+
+# wiki_page_exist <page_name>
+#
+# Check the existence of the page <page_name> on the wiki and exits
+# with error if it is absent from it.
+wiki_page_exist () {
+	mkdir -p wiki_tmp
+	wiki_getpage "$1" wiki_tmp
+	page_name=$(printf "%s\n" "$1" | sed "s/\//%2F/g")
+	if test -f wiki_tmp/"$page_name".mw ; then
+		rm -rf wiki_tmp
+	else
+		rm -rf wiki_tmp
+		error "test failed: file $1 not found on wiki"
+	fi
+}
+
+# wiki_getallpagename
+#
+# Fetch the name of each page on the wiki.
+wiki_getallpagename () {
+	"$CURR_DIR"/test-gitmw.pl getallpagename
+}
+
+# wiki_getallpagecategory <category>
+#
+# Fetch the name of each page belonging to <category> on the wiki.
+wiki_getallpagecategory () {
+	"$CURR_DIR"/test-gitmw.pl getallpagename "$@"
+}
+
+# wiki_getallpage <dest_dir> [<category>]
+#
+# Fetch all the pages from the wiki and place them in the directory
+# <dest_dir>.
+# If <category> is define, then wiki_getallpage fetch the pages included
+# in <category>.
+wiki_getallpage () {
+	if test -z "$2";
+	then
+		wiki_getallpagename
+	else
+		wiki_getallpagecategory "$2"
+	fi
+	mkdir -p "$1"
+	while read -r line; do
+		wiki_getpage "$line" $1;
+	done < all.txt
+}
+
+# ================= Install part =================
+
+error () {
+	echo "$@" >&2
+	exit 1
+}
+
+# config_lighttpd
+#
+# Create the configuration files and the folders necessary to start lighttpd.
+# Overwrite any existing file.
+config_lighttpd () {
+	mkdir -p $WEB
+	mkdir -p $WEB_TMP
+	mkdir -p $WEB_WWW
+	cat > $WEB/lighttpd.conf <<EOF
+	server.document-root = "$CURR_DIR/$WEB_WWW"
+	server.port = $PORT
+	server.pid-file = "$CURR_DIR/$WEB_TMP/pid"
+
+	server.modules = (
+	"mod_rewrite",
+	"mod_redirect",
+	"mod_access",
+	"mod_accesslog",
+	"mod_fastcgi"
+	)
+
+	index-file.names = ("index.php" , "index.html")
+
+	mimetype.assign		    = (
+	".pdf"		=>	"application/pdf",
+	".sig"		=>	"application/pgp-signature",
+	".spl"		=>	"application/futuresplash",
+	".class"	=>	"application/octet-stream",
+	".ps"		=>	"application/postscript",
+	".torrent"	=>	"application/x-bittorrent",
+	".dvi"		=>	"application/x-dvi",
+	".gz"		=>	"application/x-gzip",
+	".pac"		=>	"application/x-ns-proxy-autoconfig",
+	".swf"		=>	"application/x-shockwave-flash",
+	".tar.gz"	=>	"application/x-tgz",
+	".tgz"		=>	"application/x-tgz",
+	".tar"		=>	"application/x-tar",
+	".zip"		=>	"application/zip",
+	".mp3"		=>	"audio/mpeg",
+	".m3u"		=>	"audio/x-mpegurl",
+	".wma"		=>	"audio/x-ms-wma",
+	".wax"		=>	"audio/x-ms-wax",
+	".ogg"		=>	"application/ogg",
+	".wav"		=>	"audio/x-wav",
+	".gif"		=>	"image/gif",
+	".jpg"		=>	"image/jpeg",
+	".jpeg"		=>	"image/jpeg",
+	".png"		=>	"image/png",
+	".xbm"		=>	"image/x-xbitmap",
+	".xpm"		=>	"image/x-xpixmap",
+	".xwd"		=>	"image/x-xwindowdump",
+	".css"		=>	"text/css",
+	".html"		=>	"text/html",
+	".htm"		=>	"text/html",
+	".js"		=>	"text/javascript",
+	".asc"		=>	"text/plain",
+	".c"		=>	"text/plain",
+	".cpp"		=>	"text/plain",
+	".log"		=>	"text/plain",
+	".conf"		=>	"text/plain",
+	".text"		=>	"text/plain",
+	".txt"		=>	"text/plain",
+	".dtd"		=>	"text/xml",
+	".xml"		=>	"text/xml",
+	".mpeg"		=>	"video/mpeg",
+	".mpg"		=>	"video/mpeg",
+	".mov"		=>	"video/quicktime",
+	".qt"		=>	"video/quicktime",
+	".avi"		=>	"video/x-msvideo",
+	".asf"		=>	"video/x-ms-asf",
+	".asx"		=>	"video/x-ms-asf",
+	".wmv"		=>	"video/x-ms-wmv",
+	".bz2"		=>	"application/x-bzip",
+	".tbz"		=>	"application/x-bzip-compressed-tar",
+	".tar.bz2"	=>	"application/x-bzip-compressed-tar",
+	""		=>	"text/plain"
+	)
+
+	fastcgi.server = ( ".php" =>
+	("localhost" =>
+	( "socket" => "$CURR_DIR/$WEB_TMP/php.socket",
+	"bin-path" => "$PHP_DIR/php-cgi -c $CURR_DIR/$WEB/php.ini"
+
+	)
+	)
+	)
+EOF
+
+	cat > $WEB/php.ini <<EOF
+	session.save_path ='$CURR_DIR/$WEB_TMP'
+EOF
+}
+
+# start_lighttpd
+#
+# Start or restart daemon lighttpd. If restart, rewrite configuration files.
+start_lighttpd () {
+	if test -f "$WEB_TMP/pid"; then
+		echo "Instance already running. Restarting..."
+		stop_lighttpd
+	fi
+	config_lighttpd
+	"$LIGHTTPD_DIR"/lighttpd -f "$WEB"/lighttpd.conf
+
+	if test $? -ne 0 ; then
+		echo "Could not execute http deamon lighttpd"
+		exit 1
+	fi
+}
+
+# stop_lighttpd
+#
+# Kill daemon lighttpd and removes files and folders associated.
+stop_lighttpd () {
+	test -f "$WEB_TMP/pid" && kill $(cat "$WEB_TMP/pid")
+	rm -rf "$WEB"
+}
+
+# Create the SQLite database of the MediaWiki. If the database file already
+# exists, it will be deleted.
+# This script should be runned from the directory where $FILES_FOLDER is
+# located.
+create_db () {
+	rm -f "$TMP/$DB_FILE"
+
+	echo "Generating the SQLite database file. It can take some time ..."
+	# Run the php script to generate the SQLite database file
+	# with cURL calls.
+	php "$FILES_FOLDER/$DB_INSTALL_SCRIPT" $(basename "$DB_FILE" .sqlite) \
+		"$WIKI_ADMIN" "$WIKI_PASSW" "$TMP" "$PORT"
+
+	if [ ! -f "$TMP/$DB_FILE" ] ; then
+		error "Can't create database file $TMP/$DB_FILE. Try to run ./install-wiki.sh delete first."
+	fi
+
+	# Copy the generated database file into the directory the
+	# user indicated.
+	cp "$TMP/$DB_FILE" "$FILES_FOLDER" ||
+		error "Unable to copy $TMP/$DB_FILE to $FILES_FOLDER"
+}
+
+# Install a wiki in your web server directory.
+wiki_install () {
+	if test $LIGHTTPD = "true" ; then
+		start_lighttpd
+	fi
+
+	SERVER_ADDR=$SERVER_ADDR:$PORT
+	# In this part, we change directory to $TMP in order to download,
+	# unpack and copy the files of MediaWiki
+	(
+	mkdir -p "$WIKI_DIR_INST/$WIKI_DIR_NAME"
+	if [ ! -d "$WIKI_DIR_INST/$WIKI_DIR_NAME" ] ; then
+		error "Folder $WIKI_DIR_INST/$WIKI_DIR_NAME doesn't exist.
+		Please create it and launch the script again."
+	fi
+
+	# Fetch MediaWiki's archive if not already present in the TMP directory
+	cd "$TMP"
+	if [ ! -f "$MW_VERSION.tar.gz" ] ; then
+		echo "Downloading $MW_VERSION sources ..."
+		wget "http://download.wikimedia.org/mediawiki/1.19/mediawiki-1.19.0.tar.gz" ||
+			error "Unable to download "\
+			"http://download.wikimedia.org/mediawiki/1.19/"\
+			"mediawiki-1.19.0.tar.gz. "\
+			"Please fix your connection and launch the script again."
+		echo "$MW_VERSION.tar.gz downloaded in `pwd`. "\
+			"You can delete it later if you want."
+	else
+		echo "Reusing existing $MW_VERSION.tar.gz downloaded in `pwd`."
+	fi
+	archive_abs_path=$(pwd)/"$MW_VERSION.tar.gz"
+	cd "$WIKI_DIR_INST/$WIKI_DIR_NAME/" ||
+		error "can't cd to $WIKI_DIR_INST/$WIKI_DIR_NAME/"
+	tar xzf "$archive_abs_path" --strip-components=1 ||
+		error "Unable to extract WikiMedia's files from $archive_abs_path to "\
+			"$WIKI_DIR_INST/$WIKI_DIR_NAME"
+	) || exit 1
+
+	create_db
+
+	# Copy the generic LocalSettings.php in the web server's directory
+	# And modify parameters according to the ones set at the top
+	# of this script.
+	# Note that LocalSettings.php is never modified.
+	if [ ! -f "$FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings.php" ] ; then
+		error "Can't find $FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings.php " \
+			"in the current folder. "\
+		"Please run the script inside its folder."
+	fi
+	cp "$FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings.php" \
+		"$FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings-tmp.php" ||
+		error "Unable to copy $FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings.php " \
+		"to $FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings-tmp.php"
+
+	# Parse and set the LocalSettings file of the user according to the
+	# CONFIGURATION VARIABLES section at the beginning of this script
+	file_swap="$FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings-swap.php"
+	sed "s,@WG_SCRIPT_PATH@,/$WIKI_DIR_NAME," \
+		"$FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings-tmp.php" > "$file_swap"
+	mv "$file_swap" "$FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings-tmp.php"
+	sed "s,@WG_SERVER@,http://$SERVER_ADDR," \
+		"$FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings-tmp.php" > "$file_swap"
+	mv "$file_swap" "$FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings-tmp.php"
+	sed "s,@WG_SQLITE_DATADIR@,$TMP," \
+		"$FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings-tmp.php" > "$file_swap"
+	mv "$file_swap" "$FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings-tmp.php"
+	sed "s,@WG_SQLITE_DATAFILE@,$( basename $DB_FILE .sqlite)," \
+		"$FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings-tmp.php" > "$file_swap"
+	mv "$file_swap" "$FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings-tmp.php"
+
+	mv "$FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings-tmp.php" \
+		"$WIKI_DIR_INST/$WIKI_DIR_NAME/LocalSettings.php" ||
+		error "Unable to move $FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings-tmp.php" \
+		"in $WIKI_DIR_INST/$WIKI_DIR_NAME"
+	echo "File $FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings.php is set in" \
+		" $WIKI_DIR_INST/$WIKI_DIR_NAME"
+
+	echo "Your wiki has been installed. You can check it at
+		http://$SERVER_ADDR/$WIKI_DIR_NAME"
+}
+
+# Reset the database of the wiki and the password of the admin
+#
+# Warning: This function must be called only in a subdirectory of t/ directory
+wiki_reset () {
+	# Copy initial database of the wiki
+	if [ ! -f "../$FILES_FOLDER/$DB_FILE" ] ; then
+		error "Can't find ../$FILES_FOLDER/$DB_FILE in the current folder."
+	fi
+	cp "../$FILES_FOLDER/$DB_FILE" "$TMP" ||
+		error "Can't copy ../$FILES_FOLDER/$DB_FILE in $TMP"
+	echo "File $FILES_FOLDER/$DB_FILE is set in $TMP"
+}
+
+# Delete the wiki created in the web server's directory and all its content
+# saved in the database.
+wiki_delete () {
+	if test $LIGHTTPD = "true"; then
+		stop_lighttpd
+	else
+		# Delete the wiki's directory.
+		rm -rf "$WIKI_DIR_INST/$WIKI_DIR_NAME" ||
+			error "Wiki's directory $WIKI_DIR_INST/" \
+			"$WIKI_DIR_NAME could not be deleted"
+		# Delete the wiki's SQLite database.
+		rm -f "$TMP/$DB_FILE" ||
+			error "Database $TMP/$DB_FILE could not be deleted."
+	fi
+
+	# Delete the wiki's SQLite database
+	rm -f "$TMP/$DB_FILE" || error "Database $TMP/$DB_FILE could not be deleted."
+	rm -f "$FILES_FOLDER/$DB_FILE"
+	rm -rf "$TMP/$MW_VERSION"
+}
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/test-gitmw.pl b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/test-gitmw.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0ff7625
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/test-gitmw.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl -w -s
+# Copyright (C) 2012
+#     Charles Roussel <charles.roussel@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Simon Cathebras <simon.cathebras@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Julien Khayat <julien.khayat@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Guillaume Sasdy <guillaume.sasdy@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Simon Perrat <simon.perrat@ensimag.imag.fr>
+# License: GPL v2 or later
+
+# Usage:
+#       ./test-gitmw.pl <command> [argument]*
+# Execute in terminal using the name of the function to call as first
+# parameter, and the function's arguments as following parameters
+#
+# Example:
+#     ./test-gitmw.pl "get_page" foo .
+# will call <wiki_getpage> with arguments <foo> and <.>
+#
+# Available functions are:
+#     "get_page"
+#     "delete_page"
+#     "edit_page"
+#     "getallpagename"
+
+use MediaWiki::API;
+use Getopt::Long;
+use encoding 'utf8';
+use DateTime::Format::ISO8601;
+use open ':encoding(utf8)';
+use constant SLASH_REPLACEMENT => "%2F";
+
+#Parsing of the config file
+
+my $configfile = "$ENV{'CURR_DIR'}/test.config";
+my %config;
+open my $CONFIG, "<",  $configfile or die "can't open $configfile: $!";
+while (<$CONFIG>)
+{
+	chomp;
+	s/#.*//;
+	s/^\s+//;
+	s/\s+$//;
+	next unless length;
+	my ($key, $value) = split (/\s*=\s*/,$_, 2);
+	$config{$key} = $value;
+	last if ($key eq 'LIGHTTPD' and $value eq 'false');
+	last if ($key eq 'PORT');
+}
+close $CONFIG or die "can't close $configfile: $!";
+
+my $wiki_address = "http://$config{'SERVER_ADDR'}".":"."$config{'PORT'}";
+my $wiki_url = "$wiki_address/$config{'WIKI_DIR_NAME'}/api.php";
+my $wiki_admin = "$config{'WIKI_ADMIN'}";
+my $wiki_admin_pass = "$config{'WIKI_PASSW'}";
+my $mw = MediaWiki::API->new;
+$mw->{config}->{api_url} = $wiki_url;
+
+
+# wiki_login <name> <password>
+#
+# Logs the user with <name> and <password> in the global variable
+# of the mediawiki $mw
+sub wiki_login {
+	$mw->login( { lgname => "$_[0]",lgpassword => "$_[1]" } )
+	|| die "getpage: login failed";
+}
+
+# wiki_getpage <wiki_page> <dest_path>
+#
+# fetch a page <wiki_page> from the wiki referenced in the global variable
+# $mw and copies its content in directory dest_path
+sub wiki_getpage {
+	my $pagename = $_[0];
+	my $destdir = $_[1];
+
+	my $page = $mw->get_page( { title => $pagename } );
+	if (!defined($page)) {
+		die "getpage: wiki does not exist";
+	}
+
+	my $content = $page->{'*'};
+	if (!defined($content)) {
+		die "getpage: page does not exist";
+	}
+
+	$pagename=$page->{'title'};
+	# Replace spaces by underscore in the page name
+	$pagename =~ s/ /_/g;
+	$pagename =~ s/\//%2F/g;
+	open(my $file, ">$destdir/$pagename.mw");
+	print $file "$content";
+	close ($file);
+
+}
+
+# wiki_delete_page <page_name>
+#
+# delete the page with name <page_name> from the wiki referenced
+# in the global variable $mw
+sub wiki_delete_page {
+	my $pagename = $_[0];
+
+	my $exist=$mw->get_page({title => $pagename});
+
+	if (defined($exist->{'*'})){
+		$mw->edit({ action => 'delete',
+				title => $pagename})
+		|| die $mw->{error}->{code} . ": " . $mw->{error}->{details};
+	} else {
+		die "no page with such name found: $pagename\n";
+	}
+}
+
+# wiki_editpage <wiki_page> <wiki_content> <wiki_append> [-c=<category>] [-s=<summary>]
+#
+# Edit a page named <wiki_page> with content <wiki_content> on the wiki
+# referenced with the global variable $mw
+# If <wiki_append> == true : append <wiki_content> at the end of the actual
+# content of the page <wiki_page>
+# If <wik_page> doesn't exist, that page is created with the <wiki_content>
+sub wiki_editpage {
+	my $wiki_page = $_[0];
+	my $wiki_content = $_[1];
+	my $wiki_append = $_[2];
+	my $summary = "";
+	my ($summ, $cat) = ();
+	GetOptions('s=s' => \$summ, 'c=s' => \$cat);
+
+	my $append = 0;
+	if (defined($wiki_append) && $wiki_append eq 'true') {
+		$append=1;
+	}
+
+	my $previous_text ="";
+
+	if ($append) {
+		my $ref = $mw->get_page( { title => $wiki_page } );
+		$previous_text = $ref->{'*'};
+	}
+
+	my $text = $wiki_content;
+	if (defined($previous_text)) {
+		$text="$previous_text$text";
+	}
+
+	# Eventually, add this page to a category.
+	if (defined($cat)) {
+		my $category_name="[[Category:$cat]]";
+		$text="$text\n $category_name";
+	}
+	if(defined($summ)){
+		$summary=$summ;
+	}
+
+	$mw->edit( { action => 'edit', title => $wiki_page, summary => $summary, text => "$text"} );
+}
+
+# wiki_getallpagename [<category>]
+#
+# Fetch all pages of the wiki referenced by the global variable $mw
+# and print the names of each one in the file all.txt with a new line
+# ("\n") between these.
+# If the argument <category> is defined, then this function get only the pages
+# belonging to <category>.
+sub wiki_getallpagename {
+	# fetch the pages of the wiki
+	if (defined($_[0])) {
+		my $mw_pages = $mw->list ( { action => 'query',
+				list => 'categorymembers',
+				cmtitle => "Category:$_[0]",
+				cmnamespace => 0,
+				cmlimit => 500 },
+		)
+		|| die $mw->{error}->{code}.": ".$mw->{error}->{details};
+		open(my $file, ">all.txt");
+		foreach my $page (@{$mw_pages}) {
+			print $file "$page->{title}\n";
+		}
+		close ($file);
+
+	} else {
+		my $mw_pages = $mw->list({
+				action => 'query',
+				list => 'allpages',
+				aplimit => 500,
+			})
+		|| die $mw->{error}->{code}.": ".$mw->{error}->{details};
+		open(my $file, ">all.txt");
+		foreach my $page (@{$mw_pages}) {
+			print $file "$page->{title}\n";
+		}
+		close ($file);
+	}
+}
+
+sub wiki_upload_file {
+	my $file_name = $_[0];
+	my $resultat = $mw->edit ( {
+		action => 'upload',
+		filename => $file_name,
+		comment => 'upload a file',
+		file => [ $file_name ],
+		ignorewarnings=>1,
+	}, {
+		skip_encoding => 1
+	} ) || die $mw->{error}->{code} . ' : ' . $mw->{error}->{details};
+}
+
+
+
+# Main part of this script: parse the command line arguments
+# and select which function to execute
+my $fct_to_call = shift;
+
+wiki_login($wiki_admin, $wiki_admin_pass);
+
+my %functions_to_call = qw(
+	upload_file    wiki_upload_file
+	get_page       wiki_getpage
+	delete_page    wiki_delete_page
+	edit_page      wiki_editpage
+	getallpagename wiki_getallpagename
+);
+die "$0 ERROR: wrong argument" unless exists $functions_to_call{$fct_to_call};
+&{$functions_to_call{$fct_to_call}}(@ARGV);
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/test.config b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/test.config
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..958b37b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/test.config
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# Name of the web server's directory dedicated to the wiki is WIKI_DIR_NAME
+WIKI_DIR_NAME=wiki
+
+# Login and password of the wiki's admin
+WIKI_ADMIN=WikiAdmin
+WIKI_PASSW=AdminPass
+
+# Address of the web server
+SERVER_ADDR=localhost
+
+# SQLite database of the wiki, named DB_FILE, is located in TMP
+TMP=/tmp
+DB_FILE=wikidb.sqlite
+
+# If LIGHTTPD is not set to true, the script will use the defaut
+# web server running in WIKI_DIR_INST.
+WIKI_DIR_INST=/var/www
+
+# If LIGHTTPD is set to true, the script will use Lighttpd to run
+# the wiki.
+LIGHTTPD=true
+
+# The variables below are useful only if LIGHTTPD is set to true.
+PORT=1234
+PHP_DIR=/usr/bin
+LIGHTTPD_DIR=/usr/sbin
+WEB=WEB
+WEB_TMP=$WEB/tmp
+WEB_WWW=$WEB/www
+
+# The variables below are used by the script to install a wiki.
+# You should not modify these unless you are modifying the script itself.
+MW_VERSION=mediawiki-1.19.0
+FILES_FOLDER=install-wiki
+DB_INSTALL_SCRIPT=db_install.php
diff --git a/contrib/p4import/git-p4import.py b/contrib/p4import/git-p4import.py
index b6e534b..593d6a0 100644
--- a/contrib/p4import/git-p4import.py
+++ b/contrib/p4import/git-p4import.py
@@ -14,6 +14,11 @@
 import time
 import getopt
 
+if sys.hexversion < 0x02020000:
+   # The behavior of the marshal module changed significantly in 2.2
+   sys.stderr.write("git-p4import.py: requires Python 2.2 or later.\n")
+   sys.exit(1)
+
 from signal import signal, \
    SIGPIPE, SIGINT, SIG_DFL, \
    default_int_handler
diff --git a/contrib/remote-helpers/Makefile b/contrib/remote-helpers/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..239161d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/remote-helpers/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+TESTS := $(wildcard test*.sh)
+
+export T := $(addprefix $(CURDIR)/,$(TESTS))
+export MAKE := $(MAKE) -e
+export PATH := $(CURDIR):$(PATH)
+export TEST_LINT := test-lint-executable test-lint-shell-syntax
+
+test:
+	$(MAKE) -C ../../t $@
+
+$(TESTS):
+	$(MAKE) -C ../../t $(CURDIR)/$@
+
+.PHONY: $(TESTS)
diff --git a/contrib/remote-helpers/git-remote-bzr b/contrib/remote-helpers/git-remote-bzr
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..10300c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/remote-helpers/git-remote-bzr
@@ -0,0 +1,959 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Felipe Contreras
+#
+
+#
+# Just copy to your ~/bin, or anywhere in your $PATH.
+# Then you can clone with:
+# % git clone bzr::/path/to/bzr/repo/or/url
+#
+# For example:
+# % git clone bzr::$HOME/myrepo
+# or
+# % git clone bzr::lp:myrepo
+#
+# If you want to specify which branches you want track (per repo):
+# git config remote-bzr.branches 'trunk, devel, test'
+#
+
+import sys
+
+import bzrlib
+if hasattr(bzrlib, "initialize"):
+    bzrlib.initialize()
+
+import bzrlib.plugin
+bzrlib.plugin.load_plugins()
+
+import bzrlib.generate_ids
+import bzrlib.transport
+import bzrlib.errors
+import bzrlib.ui
+import bzrlib.urlutils
+import bzrlib.branch
+
+import sys
+import os
+import json
+import re
+import StringIO
+import atexit, shutil, hashlib, urlparse, subprocess
+
+NAME_RE = re.compile('^([^<>]+)')
+AUTHOR_RE = re.compile('^([^<>]+?)? ?<([^<>]*)>$')
+EMAIL_RE = re.compile('^([^<>]+[^ \\\t<>])?\\b(?:[ \\t<>]*?)\\b([^ \\t<>]+@[^ \\t<>]+)')
+RAW_AUTHOR_RE = re.compile('^(\w+) (.+)? <(.*)> (\d+) ([+-]\d+)')
+
+def die(msg, *args):
+    sys.stderr.write('ERROR: %s\n' % (msg % args))
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+def warn(msg, *args):
+    sys.stderr.write('WARNING: %s\n' % (msg % args))
+
+def gittz(tz):
+    return '%+03d%02d' % (tz / 3600, tz % 3600 / 60)
+
+def get_config(config):
+    cmd = ['git', 'config', '--get', config]
+    process = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
+    output, _ = process.communicate()
+    return output
+
+class Marks:
+
+    def __init__(self, path):
+        self.path = path
+        self.tips = {}
+        self.marks = {}
+        self.rev_marks = {}
+        self.last_mark = 0
+        self.load()
+
+    def load(self):
+        if not os.path.exists(self.path):
+            return
+
+        tmp = json.load(open(self.path))
+        self.tips = tmp['tips']
+        self.marks = tmp['marks']
+        self.last_mark = tmp['last-mark']
+
+        for rev, mark in self.marks.iteritems():
+            self.rev_marks[mark] = rev
+
+    def dict(self):
+        return { 'tips': self.tips, 'marks': self.marks, 'last-mark' : self.last_mark }
+
+    def store(self):
+        json.dump(self.dict(), open(self.path, 'w'))
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return str(self.dict())
+
+    def from_rev(self, rev):
+        return self.marks[rev]
+
+    def to_rev(self, mark):
+        return str(self.rev_marks[mark])
+
+    def next_mark(self):
+        self.last_mark += 1
+        return self.last_mark
+
+    def get_mark(self, rev):
+        self.last_mark += 1
+        self.marks[rev] = self.last_mark
+        return self.last_mark
+
+    def is_marked(self, rev):
+        return rev in self.marks
+
+    def new_mark(self, rev, mark):
+        self.marks[rev] = mark
+        self.rev_marks[mark] = rev
+        self.last_mark = mark
+
+    def get_tip(self, branch):
+        return self.tips.get(branch, None)
+
+    def set_tip(self, branch, tip):
+        self.tips[branch] = tip
+
+class Parser:
+
+    def __init__(self, repo):
+        self.repo = repo
+        self.line = self.get_line()
+
+    def get_line(self):
+        return sys.stdin.readline().strip()
+
+    def __getitem__(self, i):
+        return self.line.split()[i]
+
+    def check(self, word):
+        return self.line.startswith(word)
+
+    def each_block(self, separator):
+        while self.line != separator:
+            yield self.line
+            self.line = self.get_line()
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return self.each_block('')
+
+    def next(self):
+        self.line = self.get_line()
+        if self.line == 'done':
+            self.line = None
+
+    def get_mark(self):
+        i = self.line.index(':') + 1
+        return int(self.line[i:])
+
+    def get_data(self):
+        if not self.check('data'):
+            return None
+        i = self.line.index(' ') + 1
+        size = int(self.line[i:])
+        return sys.stdin.read(size)
+
+    def get_author(self):
+        m = RAW_AUTHOR_RE.match(self.line)
+        if not m:
+            return None
+        _, name, email, date, tz = m.groups()
+        committer = '%s <%s>' % (name, email)
+        tz = int(tz)
+        tz = ((tz / 100) * 3600) + ((tz % 100) * 60)
+        return (committer, int(date), tz)
+
+def rev_to_mark(rev):
+    global marks
+    return marks.from_rev(rev)
+
+def mark_to_rev(mark):
+    global marks
+    return marks.to_rev(mark)
+
+def fixup_user(user):
+    name = mail = None
+    user = user.replace('"', '')
+    m = AUTHOR_RE.match(user)
+    if m:
+        name = m.group(1)
+        mail = m.group(2).strip()
+    else:
+        m = EMAIL_RE.match(user)
+        if m:
+            name = m.group(1)
+            mail = m.group(2)
+        else:
+            m = NAME_RE.match(user)
+            if m:
+                name = m.group(1).strip()
+
+    if not name:
+        name = 'unknown'
+    if not mail:
+        mail = 'Unknown'
+
+    return '%s <%s>' % (name, mail)
+
+def get_filechanges(cur, prev):
+    modified = {}
+    removed = {}
+
+    changes = cur.changes_from(prev)
+
+    def u(s):
+        return s.encode('utf-8')
+
+    for path, fid, kind in changes.added:
+        modified[u(path)] = fid
+    for path, fid, kind in changes.removed:
+        removed[u(path)] = None
+    for path, fid, kind, mod, _ in changes.modified:
+        modified[u(path)] = fid
+    for oldpath, newpath, fid, kind, mod, _ in changes.renamed:
+        removed[u(oldpath)] = None
+        if kind == 'directory':
+            lst = cur.list_files(from_dir=newpath, recursive=True)
+            for path, file_class, kind, fid, entry in lst:
+                if kind != 'directory':
+                    modified[u(newpath + '/' + path)] = fid
+        else:
+            modified[u(newpath)] = fid
+
+    return modified, removed
+
+def export_files(tree, files):
+    global marks, filenodes
+
+    final = []
+    for path, fid in files.iteritems():
+        kind = tree.kind(fid)
+
+        h = tree.get_file_sha1(fid)
+
+        if kind == 'symlink':
+            d = tree.get_symlink_target(fid)
+            mode = '120000'
+        elif kind == 'file':
+
+            if tree.is_executable(fid):
+                mode = '100755'
+            else:
+                mode = '100644'
+
+            # is the blob already exported?
+            if h in filenodes:
+                mark = filenodes[h]
+                final.append((mode, mark, path))
+                continue
+
+            d = tree.get_file_text(fid)
+        elif kind == 'directory':
+            continue
+        else:
+            die("Unhandled kind '%s' for path '%s'" % (kind, path))
+
+        mark = marks.next_mark()
+        filenodes[h] = mark
+
+        print "blob"
+        print "mark :%u" % mark
+        print "data %d" % len(d)
+        print d
+
+        final.append((mode, mark, path))
+
+    return final
+
+def export_branch(repo, name):
+    global prefix
+
+    ref = '%s/heads/%s' % (prefix, name)
+    tip = marks.get_tip(name)
+
+    branch = bzrlib.branch.Branch.open(branches[name])
+    repo = branch.repository
+
+    branch.lock_read()
+    revs = branch.iter_merge_sorted_revisions(None, tip, 'exclude', 'forward')
+    try:
+        tip_revno = branch.revision_id_to_revno(tip)
+        last_revno, _ = branch.last_revision_info()
+        total = last_revno - tip_revno
+    except bzrlib.errors.NoSuchRevision:
+        tip_revno = 0
+        total = 0
+
+    for revid, _, seq, _ in revs:
+
+        if marks.is_marked(revid):
+            continue
+
+        rev = repo.get_revision(revid)
+        revno = seq[0]
+
+        parents = rev.parent_ids
+        time = rev.timestamp
+        tz = rev.timezone
+        committer = rev.committer.encode('utf-8')
+        committer = "%s %u %s" % (fixup_user(committer), time, gittz(tz))
+        authors = rev.get_apparent_authors()
+        if authors:
+            author = authors[0].encode('utf-8')
+            author = "%s %u %s" % (fixup_user(author), time, gittz(tz))
+        else:
+            author = committer
+        msg = rev.message.encode('utf-8')
+
+        msg += '\n'
+
+        if len(parents) == 0:
+            parent = bzrlib.revision.NULL_REVISION
+        else:
+            parent = parents[0]
+
+        cur_tree = repo.revision_tree(revid)
+        prev = repo.revision_tree(parent)
+        modified, removed = get_filechanges(cur_tree, prev)
+
+        modified_final = export_files(cur_tree, modified)
+
+        if len(parents) == 0:
+            print 'reset %s' % ref
+
+        print "commit %s" % ref
+        print "mark :%d" % (marks.get_mark(revid))
+        print "author %s" % (author)
+        print "committer %s" % (committer)
+        print "data %d" % (len(msg))
+        print msg
+
+        for i, p in enumerate(parents):
+            try:
+                m = rev_to_mark(p)
+            except KeyError:
+                # ghost?
+                continue
+            if i == 0:
+                print "from :%s" % m
+            else:
+                print "merge :%s" % m
+
+        for f in removed:
+            print "D %s" % (f,)
+        for f in modified_final:
+            print "M %s :%u %s" % f
+        print
+
+        if len(seq) > 1:
+            # let's skip branch revisions from the progress report
+            continue
+
+        progress = (revno - tip_revno)
+        if (progress % 100 == 0):
+            if total:
+                print "progress revision %d '%s' (%d/%d)" % (revno, name, progress, total)
+            else:
+                print "progress revision %d '%s' (%d)" % (revno, name, progress)
+
+    branch.unlock()
+
+    revid = branch.last_revision()
+
+    # make sure the ref is updated
+    print "reset %s" % ref
+    print "from :%u" % rev_to_mark(revid)
+    print
+
+    marks.set_tip(name, revid)
+
+def export_tag(repo, name):
+    global tags, prefix
+
+    ref = '%s/tags/%s' % (prefix, name)
+    print "reset %s" % ref
+    print "from :%u" % rev_to_mark(tags[name])
+    print
+
+def do_import(parser):
+    global dirname
+
+    repo = parser.repo
+    path = os.path.join(dirname, 'marks-git')
+
+    print "feature done"
+    if os.path.exists(path):
+        print "feature import-marks=%s" % path
+    print "feature export-marks=%s" % path
+    print "feature force"
+    sys.stdout.flush()
+
+    while parser.check('import'):
+        ref = parser[1]
+        if ref.startswith('refs/heads/'):
+            name = ref[len('refs/heads/'):]
+            export_branch(repo, name)
+        if ref.startswith('refs/tags/'):
+            name = ref[len('refs/tags/'):]
+            export_tag(repo, name)
+        parser.next()
+
+    print 'done'
+
+    sys.stdout.flush()
+
+def parse_blob(parser):
+    global blob_marks
+
+    parser.next()
+    mark = parser.get_mark()
+    parser.next()
+    data = parser.get_data()
+    blob_marks[mark] = data
+    parser.next()
+
+class CustomTree():
+
+    def __init__(self, branch, revid, parents, files):
+        global files_cache
+
+        self.updates = {}
+        self.branch = branch
+
+        def copy_tree(revid):
+            files = files_cache[revid] = {}
+            branch.lock_read()
+            tree = branch.repository.revision_tree(revid)
+            try:
+                for path, entry in tree.iter_entries_by_dir():
+                    files[path] = [entry.file_id, None]
+            finally:
+                branch.unlock()
+            return files
+
+        if len(parents) == 0:
+            self.base_id = bzrlib.revision.NULL_REVISION
+            self.base_files = {}
+        else:
+            self.base_id = parents[0]
+            self.base_files = files_cache.get(self.base_id, None)
+            if not self.base_files:
+                self.base_files = copy_tree(self.base_id)
+
+        self.files = files_cache[revid] = self.base_files.copy()
+        self.rev_files = {}
+
+        for path, data in self.files.iteritems():
+            fid, mark = data
+            self.rev_files[fid] = [path, mark]
+
+        for path, f in files.iteritems():
+            fid, mark = self.files.get(path, [None, None])
+            if not fid:
+                fid = bzrlib.generate_ids.gen_file_id(path)
+            f['path'] = path
+            self.rev_files[fid] = [path, mark]
+            self.updates[fid] = f
+
+    def last_revision(self):
+        return self.base_id
+
+    def iter_changes(self):
+        changes = []
+
+        def get_parent(dirname, basename):
+            parent_fid, mark = self.base_files.get(dirname, [None, None])
+            if parent_fid:
+                return parent_fid
+            parent_fid, mark = self.files.get(dirname, [None, None])
+            if parent_fid:
+                return parent_fid
+            if basename == '':
+                return None
+            fid = bzrlib.generate_ids.gen_file_id(path)
+            add_entry(fid, dirname, 'directory')
+            return fid
+
+        def add_entry(fid, path, kind, mode = None):
+            dirname, basename = os.path.split(path)
+            parent_fid = get_parent(dirname, basename)
+
+            executable = False
+            if mode == '100755':
+                executable = True
+            elif mode == '120000':
+                kind = 'symlink'
+
+            change = (fid,
+                    (None, path),
+                    True,
+                    (False, True),
+                    (None, parent_fid),
+                    (None, basename),
+                    (None, kind),
+                    (None, executable))
+            self.files[path] = [change[0], None]
+            changes.append(change)
+
+        def update_entry(fid, path, kind, mode = None):
+            dirname, basename = os.path.split(path)
+            parent_fid = get_parent(dirname, basename)
+
+            executable = False
+            if mode == '100755':
+                executable = True
+            elif mode == '120000':
+                kind = 'symlink'
+
+            change = (fid,
+                    (path, path),
+                    True,
+                    (True, True),
+                    (None, parent_fid),
+                    (None, basename),
+                    (None, kind),
+                    (None, executable))
+            self.files[path] = [change[0], None]
+            changes.append(change)
+
+        def remove_entry(fid, path, kind):
+            dirname, basename = os.path.split(path)
+            parent_fid = get_parent(dirname, basename)
+            change = (fid,
+                    (path, None),
+                    True,
+                    (True, False),
+                    (parent_fid, None),
+                    (None, None),
+                    (None, None),
+                    (None, None))
+            del self.files[path]
+            changes.append(change)
+
+        for fid, f in self.updates.iteritems():
+            path = f['path']
+
+            if 'deleted' in f:
+                remove_entry(fid, path, 'file')
+                continue
+
+            if path in self.base_files:
+                update_entry(fid, path, 'file', f['mode'])
+            else:
+                add_entry(fid, path, 'file', f['mode'])
+
+            self.files[path][1] = f['mark']
+            self.rev_files[fid][1] = f['mark']
+
+        return changes
+
+    def get_content(self, file_id):
+        path, mark = self.rev_files[file_id]
+        if mark:
+            return blob_marks[mark]
+
+        # last resort
+        tree = self.branch.repository.revision_tree(self.base_id)
+        return tree.get_file_text(file_id)
+
+    def get_file_with_stat(self, file_id, path=None):
+        content = self.get_content(file_id)
+        return (StringIO.StringIO(content), None)
+
+    def get_symlink_target(self, file_id):
+        return self.get_content(file_id)
+
+    def id2path(self, file_id):
+        path, mark = self.rev_files[file_id]
+        return path
+
+def c_style_unescape(string):
+    if string[0] == string[-1] == '"':
+        return string.decode('string-escape')[1:-1]
+    return string
+
+def parse_commit(parser):
+    global marks, blob_marks, parsed_refs
+    global mode
+
+    parents = []
+
+    ref = parser[1]
+    parser.next()
+
+    if ref.startswith('refs/heads/'):
+        name = ref[len('refs/heads/'):]
+        branch = bzrlib.branch.Branch.open(branches[name])
+    else:
+        die('unknown ref')
+
+    commit_mark = parser.get_mark()
+    parser.next()
+    author = parser.get_author()
+    parser.next()
+    committer = parser.get_author()
+    parser.next()
+    data = parser.get_data()
+    parser.next()
+    if parser.check('from'):
+        parents.append(parser.get_mark())
+        parser.next()
+    while parser.check('merge'):
+        parents.append(parser.get_mark())
+        parser.next()
+
+    # fast-export adds an extra newline
+    if data[-1] == '\n':
+        data = data[:-1]
+
+    files = {}
+
+    for line in parser:
+        if parser.check('M'):
+            t, m, mark_ref, path = line.split(' ', 3)
+            mark = int(mark_ref[1:])
+            f = { 'mode' : m, 'mark' : mark }
+        elif parser.check('D'):
+            t, path = line.split(' ')
+            f = { 'deleted' : True }
+        else:
+            die('Unknown file command: %s' % line)
+        path = c_style_unescape(path).decode('utf-8')
+        files[path] = f
+
+    committer, date, tz = committer
+    parents = [mark_to_rev(p) for p in parents]
+    revid = bzrlib.generate_ids.gen_revision_id(committer, date)
+    props = {}
+    props['branch-nick'] = branch.nick
+
+    mtree = CustomTree(branch, revid, parents, files)
+    changes = mtree.iter_changes()
+
+    branch.lock_write()
+    try:
+        builder = branch.get_commit_builder(parents, None, date, tz, committer, props, revid)
+        try:
+            list(builder.record_iter_changes(mtree, mtree.last_revision(), changes))
+            builder.finish_inventory()
+            builder.commit(data.decode('utf-8', 'replace'))
+        except Exception, e:
+            builder.abort()
+            raise
+    finally:
+        branch.unlock()
+
+    parsed_refs[ref] = revid
+    marks.new_mark(revid, commit_mark)
+
+def parse_reset(parser):
+    global parsed_refs
+
+    ref = parser[1]
+    parser.next()
+
+    # ugh
+    if parser.check('commit'):
+        parse_commit(parser)
+        return
+    if not parser.check('from'):
+        return
+    from_mark = parser.get_mark()
+    parser.next()
+
+    parsed_refs[ref] = mark_to_rev(from_mark)
+
+def do_export(parser):
+    global parsed_refs, dirname
+
+    parser.next()
+
+    for line in parser.each_block('done'):
+        if parser.check('blob'):
+            parse_blob(parser)
+        elif parser.check('commit'):
+            parse_commit(parser)
+        elif parser.check('reset'):
+            parse_reset(parser)
+        elif parser.check('tag'):
+            pass
+        elif parser.check('feature'):
+            pass
+        else:
+            die('unhandled export command: %s' % line)
+
+    for ref, revid in parsed_refs.iteritems():
+        if ref.startswith('refs/heads/'):
+            name = ref[len('refs/heads/'):]
+            branch = bzrlib.branch.Branch.open(branches[name])
+            branch.generate_revision_history(revid, marks.get_tip(name))
+
+            if name in peers:
+                peer = bzrlib.branch.Branch.open(peers[name])
+                try:
+                    peer.bzrdir.push_branch(branch, revision_id=revid)
+                except bzrlib.errors.DivergedBranches:
+                    print "error %s non-fast forward" % ref
+                    continue
+
+            try:
+                wt = branch.bzrdir.open_workingtree()
+                wt.update()
+            except bzrlib.errors.NoWorkingTree:
+                pass
+        elif ref.startswith('refs/tags/'):
+            # TODO: implement tag push
+            print "error %s pushing tags not supported" % ref
+            continue
+        else:
+            # transport-helper/fast-export bugs
+            continue
+
+        print "ok %s" % ref
+
+    print
+
+def do_capabilities(parser):
+    global dirname
+
+    print "import"
+    print "export"
+    print "refspec refs/heads/*:%s/heads/*" % prefix
+    print "refspec refs/tags/*:%s/tags/*" % prefix
+
+    path = os.path.join(dirname, 'marks-git')
+
+    if os.path.exists(path):
+        print "*import-marks %s" % path
+    print "*export-marks %s" % path
+
+    print
+
+def ref_is_valid(name):
+    return not True in [c in name for c in '~^: \\']
+
+def do_list(parser):
+    global tags
+
+    master_branch = None
+
+    for name in branches:
+        if not master_branch:
+            master_branch = name
+        print "? refs/heads/%s" % name
+
+    branch = bzrlib.branch.Branch.open(branches[master_branch])
+    branch.lock_read()
+    for tag, revid in branch.tags.get_tag_dict().items():
+        try:
+            branch.revision_id_to_dotted_revno(revid)
+        except bzrlib.errors.NoSuchRevision:
+            continue
+        if not ref_is_valid(tag):
+            continue
+        print "? refs/tags/%s" % tag
+        tags[tag] = revid
+    branch.unlock()
+
+    print "@refs/heads/%s HEAD" % master_branch
+    print
+
+def get_remote_branch(origin, remote_branch, name):
+    global dirname, peers
+
+    branch_path = os.path.join(dirname, 'clone', name)
+    if os.path.exists(branch_path):
+        # pull
+        d = bzrlib.bzrdir.BzrDir.open(branch_path)
+        branch = d.open_branch()
+        try:
+            branch.pull(remote_branch, [], None, False)
+        except bzrlib.errors.DivergedBranches:
+            # use remote branch for now
+            return remote_branch
+    else:
+        # clone
+        d = origin.sprout(branch_path, None,
+                hardlink=True, create_tree_if_local=False,
+                force_new_repo=False,
+                source_branch=remote_branch)
+        branch = d.open_branch()
+
+    return branch
+
+def find_branches(repo, wanted):
+    transport = repo.bzrdir.root_transport
+
+    for fn in transport.iter_files_recursive():
+        if not fn.endswith('.bzr/branch-format'):
+            continue
+
+        name = subdir = fn[:-len('/.bzr/branch-format')]
+        name = name if name != '' else 'master'
+        name = name.replace('/', '+')
+
+        if wanted and not name in wanted:
+            continue
+
+        try:
+            cur = transport.clone(subdir)
+            branch = bzrlib.branch.Branch.open_from_transport(cur)
+        except bzrlib.errors.NotBranchError:
+            continue
+        else:
+            yield name, branch
+
+def get_repo(url, alias):
+    global dirname, peer, branches
+
+    normal_url = bzrlib.urlutils.normalize_url(url)
+    origin = bzrlib.bzrdir.BzrDir.open(url)
+    is_local = isinstance(origin.transport, bzrlib.transport.local.LocalTransport)
+
+    shared_path = os.path.join(gitdir, 'bzr')
+    try:
+        shared_dir = bzrlib.bzrdir.BzrDir.open(shared_path)
+    except bzrlib.errors.NotBranchError:
+        shared_dir = bzrlib.bzrdir.BzrDir.create(shared_path)
+    try:
+        shared_repo = shared_dir.open_repository()
+    except bzrlib.errors.NoRepositoryPresent:
+        shared_repo = shared_dir.create_repository(shared=True)
+
+    if not is_local:
+        clone_path = os.path.join(dirname, 'clone')
+        if not os.path.exists(clone_path):
+            os.mkdir(clone_path)
+        else:
+            # check and remove old organization
+            try:
+                bdir = bzrlib.bzrdir.BzrDir.open(clone_path)
+                bdir.destroy_repository()
+            except bzrlib.errors.NotBranchError:
+                pass
+            except bzrlib.errors.NoRepositoryPresent:
+                pass
+
+    try:
+        repo = origin.open_repository()
+        if not repo.user_transport.listable():
+            # this repository is not usable for us
+            raise bzrlib.errors.NoRepositoryPresent(repo.bzrdir)
+    except bzrlib.errors.NoRepositoryPresent:
+        # branch
+
+        name = 'master'
+        remote_branch = origin.open_branch()
+
+        if not is_local:
+            peers[name] = remote_branch.base
+            branch = get_remote_branch(origin, remote_branch, name)
+        else:
+            branch = remote_branch
+
+        branches[name] = branch.base
+
+        return branch.repository
+    else:
+        # repository
+
+        wanted = get_config('remote-bzr.branches').rstrip().split(', ')
+        # stupid python
+        wanted = [e for e in wanted if e]
+
+        for name, remote_branch in find_branches(repo, wanted):
+
+            if not is_local:
+                peers[name] = remote_branch.base
+                branch = get_remote_branch(origin, remote_branch, name)
+            else:
+                branch = remote_branch
+
+            branches[name] = branch.base
+
+        return repo
+
+def fix_path(alias, orig_url):
+    url = urlparse.urlparse(orig_url, 'file')
+    if url.scheme != 'file' or os.path.isabs(url.path):
+        return
+    abs_url = urlparse.urljoin("%s/" % os.getcwd(), orig_url)
+    cmd = ['git', 'config', 'remote.%s.url' % alias, "bzr::%s" % abs_url]
+    subprocess.call(cmd)
+
+def main(args):
+    global marks, prefix, gitdir, dirname
+    global tags, filenodes
+    global blob_marks
+    global parsed_refs
+    global files_cache
+    global is_tmp
+    global branches, peers
+
+    alias = args[1]
+    url = args[2]
+
+    tags = {}
+    filenodes = {}
+    blob_marks = {}
+    parsed_refs = {}
+    files_cache = {}
+    marks = None
+    branches = {}
+    peers = {}
+
+    if alias[5:] == url:
+        is_tmp = True
+        alias = hashlib.sha1(alias).hexdigest()
+    else:
+        is_tmp = False
+
+    prefix = 'refs/bzr/%s' % alias
+    gitdir = os.environ['GIT_DIR']
+    dirname = os.path.join(gitdir, 'bzr', alias)
+
+    if not is_tmp:
+        fix_path(alias, url)
+
+    if not os.path.exists(dirname):
+        os.makedirs(dirname)
+
+    if hasattr(bzrlib.ui.ui_factory, 'be_quiet'):
+        bzrlib.ui.ui_factory.be_quiet(True)
+
+    repo = get_repo(url, alias)
+
+    marks_path = os.path.join(dirname, 'marks-int')
+    marks = Marks(marks_path)
+
+    parser = Parser(repo)
+    for line in parser:
+        if parser.check('capabilities'):
+            do_capabilities(parser)
+        elif parser.check('list'):
+            do_list(parser)
+        elif parser.check('import'):
+            do_import(parser)
+        elif parser.check('export'):
+            do_export(parser)
+        else:
+            die('unhandled command: %s' % line)
+        sys.stdout.flush()
+
+def bye():
+    if not marks:
+        return
+    if not is_tmp:
+        marks.store()
+    else:
+        shutil.rmtree(dirname)
+
+atexit.register(bye)
+sys.exit(main(sys.argv))
diff --git a/contrib/remote-helpers/git-remote-hg b/contrib/remote-helpers/git-remote-hg
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1dd3d70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/remote-helpers/git-remote-hg
@@ -0,0 +1,984 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Felipe Contreras
+#
+
+# Inspired by Rocco Rutte's hg-fast-export
+
+# Just copy to your ~/bin, or anywhere in your $PATH.
+# Then you can clone with:
+# git clone hg::/path/to/mercurial/repo/
+#
+# For remote repositories a local clone is stored in
+# "$GIT_DIR/hg/origin/clone/.hg/".
+
+from mercurial import hg, ui, bookmarks, context, encoding, node, error, extensions
+
+import re
+import sys
+import os
+import json
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import urllib
+import atexit
+import urlparse, hashlib
+
+#
+# If you are not in hg-git-compat mode and want to disable the tracking of
+# named branches:
+# git config --global remote-hg.track-branches false
+#
+# If you don't want to force pushes (and thus risk creating new remote heads):
+# git config --global remote-hg.force-push false
+#
+# If you want the equivalent of hg's clone/pull--insecure option:
+# git config --global remote-hg.insecure true
+#
+# If you want to switch to hg-git compatibility mode:
+# git config --global remote-hg.hg-git-compat true
+#
+# git:
+# Sensible defaults for git.
+# hg bookmarks are exported as git branches, hg branches are prefixed
+# with 'branches/', HEAD is a special case.
+#
+# hg:
+# Emulate hg-git.
+# Only hg bookmarks are exported as git branches.
+# Commits are modified to preserve hg information and allow bidirectionality.
+#
+
+NAME_RE = re.compile('^([^<>]+)')
+AUTHOR_RE = re.compile('^([^<>]+?)? ?<([^<>]*)>$')
+EMAIL_RE = re.compile('^([^<>]+[^ \\\t<>])?\\b(?:[ \\t<>]*?)\\b([^ \\t<>]+@[^ \\t<>]+)')
+AUTHOR_HG_RE = re.compile('^(.*?) ?<(.*?)(?:>(.+)?)?$')
+RAW_AUTHOR_RE = re.compile('^(\w+) (?:(.+)? )?<(.*)> (\d+) ([+-]\d+)')
+
+def die(msg, *args):
+    sys.stderr.write('ERROR: %s\n' % (msg % args))
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+def warn(msg, *args):
+    sys.stderr.write('WARNING: %s\n' % (msg % args))
+
+def gitmode(flags):
+    return 'l' in flags and '120000' or 'x' in flags and '100755' or '100644'
+
+def gittz(tz):
+    return '%+03d%02d' % (-tz / 3600, -tz % 3600 / 60)
+
+def hgmode(mode):
+    m = { '100755': 'x', '120000': 'l' }
+    return m.get(mode, '')
+
+def hghex(node):
+    return hg.node.hex(node)
+
+def hgref(ref):
+    return ref.replace('___', ' ')
+
+def gitref(ref):
+    return ref.replace(' ', '___')
+
+def get_config(config):
+    cmd = ['git', 'config', '--get', config]
+    process = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
+    output, _ = process.communicate()
+    return output
+
+def get_config_bool(config, default=False):
+    value = get_config(config).rstrip('\n')
+    if value == "true":
+        return True
+    elif value == "false":
+        return False
+    else:
+        return default
+
+class Marks:
+
+    def __init__(self, path):
+        self.path = path
+        self.tips = {}
+        self.marks = {}
+        self.rev_marks = {}
+        self.last_mark = 0
+
+        self.load()
+
+    def load(self):
+        if not os.path.exists(self.path):
+            return
+
+        tmp = json.load(open(self.path))
+
+        self.tips = tmp['tips']
+        self.marks = tmp['marks']
+        self.last_mark = tmp['last-mark']
+
+        for rev, mark in self.marks.iteritems():
+            self.rev_marks[mark] = int(rev)
+
+    def dict(self):
+        return { 'tips': self.tips, 'marks': self.marks, 'last-mark' : self.last_mark }
+
+    def store(self):
+        json.dump(self.dict(), open(self.path, 'w'))
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return str(self.dict())
+
+    def from_rev(self, rev):
+        return self.marks[str(rev)]
+
+    def to_rev(self, mark):
+        return self.rev_marks[mark]
+
+    def next_mark(self):
+        self.last_mark += 1
+        return self.last_mark
+
+    def get_mark(self, rev):
+        self.last_mark += 1
+        self.marks[str(rev)] = self.last_mark
+        return self.last_mark
+
+    def new_mark(self, rev, mark):
+        self.marks[str(rev)] = mark
+        self.rev_marks[mark] = rev
+        self.last_mark = mark
+
+    def is_marked(self, rev):
+        return str(rev) in self.marks
+
+    def get_tip(self, branch):
+        return self.tips.get(branch, 0)
+
+    def set_tip(self, branch, tip):
+        self.tips[branch] = tip
+
+class Parser:
+
+    def __init__(self, repo):
+        self.repo = repo
+        self.line = self.get_line()
+
+    def get_line(self):
+        return sys.stdin.readline().strip()
+
+    def __getitem__(self, i):
+        return self.line.split()[i]
+
+    def check(self, word):
+        return self.line.startswith(word)
+
+    def each_block(self, separator):
+        while self.line != separator:
+            yield self.line
+            self.line = self.get_line()
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return self.each_block('')
+
+    def next(self):
+        self.line = self.get_line()
+        if self.line == 'done':
+            self.line = None
+
+    def get_mark(self):
+        i = self.line.index(':') + 1
+        return int(self.line[i:])
+
+    def get_data(self):
+        if not self.check('data'):
+            return None
+        i = self.line.index(' ') + 1
+        size = int(self.line[i:])
+        return sys.stdin.read(size)
+
+    def get_author(self):
+        global bad_mail
+
+        ex = None
+        m = RAW_AUTHOR_RE.match(self.line)
+        if not m:
+            return None
+        _, name, email, date, tz = m.groups()
+        if name and 'ext:' in name:
+            m = re.match('^(.+?) ext:\((.+)\)$', name)
+            if m:
+                name = m.group(1)
+                ex = urllib.unquote(m.group(2))
+
+        if email != bad_mail:
+            if name:
+                user = '%s <%s>' % (name, email)
+            else:
+                user = '<%s>' % (email)
+        else:
+            user = name
+
+        if ex:
+            user += ex
+
+        tz = int(tz)
+        tz = ((tz / 100) * 3600) + ((tz % 100) * 60)
+        return (user, int(date), -tz)
+
+def fix_file_path(path):
+    if not os.path.isabs(path):
+        return path
+    return os.path.relpath(path, '/')
+
+def export_files(files):
+    global marks, filenodes
+
+    final = []
+    for f in files:
+        fid = node.hex(f.filenode())
+
+        if fid in filenodes:
+            mark = filenodes[fid]
+        else:
+            mark = marks.next_mark()
+            filenodes[fid] = mark
+            d = f.data()
+
+            print "blob"
+            print "mark :%u" % mark
+            print "data %d" % len(d)
+            print d
+
+        path = fix_file_path(f.path())
+        final.append((gitmode(f.flags()), mark, path))
+
+    return final
+
+def get_filechanges(repo, ctx, parent):
+    modified = set()
+    added = set()
+    removed = set()
+
+    # load earliest manifest first for caching reasons
+    prev = repo[parent].manifest().copy()
+    cur = ctx.manifest()
+
+    for fn in cur:
+        if fn in prev:
+            if (cur.flags(fn) != prev.flags(fn) or cur[fn] != prev[fn]):
+                modified.add(fn)
+            del prev[fn]
+        else:
+            added.add(fn)
+    removed |= set(prev.keys())
+
+    return added | modified, removed
+
+def fixup_user_git(user):
+    name = mail = None
+    user = user.replace('"', '')
+    m = AUTHOR_RE.match(user)
+    if m:
+        name = m.group(1)
+        mail = m.group(2).strip()
+    else:
+        m = EMAIL_RE.match(user)
+        if m:
+            name = m.group(1)
+            mail = m.group(2)
+        else:
+            m = NAME_RE.match(user)
+            if m:
+                name = m.group(1).strip()
+    return (name, mail)
+
+def fixup_user_hg(user):
+    def sanitize(name):
+        # stole this from hg-git
+        return re.sub('[<>\n]', '?', name.lstrip('< ').rstrip('> '))
+
+    m = AUTHOR_HG_RE.match(user)
+    if m:
+        name = sanitize(m.group(1))
+        mail = sanitize(m.group(2))
+        ex = m.group(3)
+        if ex:
+            name += ' ext:(' + urllib.quote(ex) + ')'
+    else:
+        name = sanitize(user)
+        if '@' in user:
+            mail = name
+        else:
+            mail = None
+
+    return (name, mail)
+
+def fixup_user(user):
+    global mode, bad_mail
+
+    if mode == 'git':
+        name, mail = fixup_user_git(user)
+    else:
+        name, mail = fixup_user_hg(user)
+
+    if not name:
+        name = bad_name
+    if not mail:
+        mail = bad_mail
+
+    return '%s <%s>' % (name, mail)
+
+def get_repo(url, alias):
+    global dirname, peer
+
+    myui = ui.ui()
+    myui.setconfig('ui', 'interactive', 'off')
+    myui.fout = sys.stderr
+
+    if get_config_bool('remote-hg.insecure'):
+        myui.setconfig('web', 'cacerts', '')
+
+    try:
+        mod = extensions.load(myui, 'hgext.schemes', None)
+        mod.extsetup(myui)
+    except ImportError:
+        pass
+
+    if hg.islocal(url):
+        repo = hg.repository(myui, url)
+    else:
+        local_path = os.path.join(dirname, 'clone')
+        if not os.path.exists(local_path):
+            try:
+                peer, dstpeer = hg.clone(myui, {}, url, local_path, update=True, pull=True)
+            except:
+                die('Repository error')
+            repo = dstpeer.local()
+        else:
+            repo = hg.repository(myui, local_path)
+            try:
+                peer = hg.peer(myui, {}, url)
+            except:
+                die('Repository error')
+            repo.pull(peer, heads=None, force=True)
+
+    return repo
+
+def rev_to_mark(rev):
+    global marks
+    return marks.from_rev(rev)
+
+def mark_to_rev(mark):
+    global marks
+    return marks.to_rev(mark)
+
+def export_ref(repo, name, kind, head):
+    global prefix, marks, mode
+
+    ename = '%s/%s' % (kind, name)
+    tip = marks.get_tip(ename)
+
+    revs = xrange(tip, head.rev() + 1)
+    count = 0
+
+    revs = [rev for rev in revs if not marks.is_marked(rev)]
+
+    for rev in revs:
+
+        c = repo[rev]
+        (manifest, user, (time, tz), files, desc, extra) = repo.changelog.read(c.node())
+        rev_branch = extra['branch']
+
+        author = "%s %d %s" % (fixup_user(user), time, gittz(tz))
+        if 'committer' in extra:
+            user, time, tz = extra['committer'].rsplit(' ', 2)
+            committer = "%s %s %s" % (user, time, gittz(int(tz)))
+        else:
+            committer = author
+
+        parents = [p for p in repo.changelog.parentrevs(rev) if p >= 0]
+
+        if len(parents) == 0:
+            modified = c.manifest().keys()
+            removed = []
+        else:
+            modified, removed = get_filechanges(repo, c, parents[0])
+
+        desc += '\n'
+
+        if mode == 'hg':
+            extra_msg = ''
+
+            if rev_branch != 'default':
+                extra_msg += 'branch : %s\n' % rev_branch
+
+            renames = []
+            for f in c.files():
+                if f not in c.manifest():
+                    continue
+                rename = c.filectx(f).renamed()
+                if rename:
+                    renames.append((rename[0], f))
+
+            for e in renames:
+                extra_msg += "rename : %s => %s\n" % e
+
+            for key, value in extra.iteritems():
+                if key in ('author', 'committer', 'encoding', 'message', 'branch', 'hg-git'):
+                    continue
+                else:
+                    extra_msg += "extra : %s : %s\n" % (key, urllib.quote(value))
+
+            if extra_msg:
+                desc += '\n--HG--\n' + extra_msg
+
+        if len(parents) == 0 and rev:
+            print 'reset %s/%s' % (prefix, ename)
+
+        modified_final = export_files(c.filectx(f) for f in modified)
+
+        print "commit %s/%s" % (prefix, ename)
+        print "mark :%d" % (marks.get_mark(rev))
+        print "author %s" % (author)
+        print "committer %s" % (committer)
+        print "data %d" % (len(desc))
+        print desc
+
+        if len(parents) > 0:
+            print "from :%s" % (rev_to_mark(parents[0]))
+            if len(parents) > 1:
+                print "merge :%s" % (rev_to_mark(parents[1]))
+
+        for f in modified_final:
+            print "M %s :%u %s" % f
+        for f in removed:
+            print "D %s" % (fix_file_path(f))
+        print
+
+        count += 1
+        if (count % 100 == 0):
+            print "progress revision %d '%s' (%d/%d)" % (rev, name, count, len(revs))
+
+    # make sure the ref is updated
+    print "reset %s/%s" % (prefix, ename)
+    print "from :%u" % rev_to_mark(rev)
+    print
+
+    marks.set_tip(ename, rev)
+
+def export_tag(repo, tag):
+    export_ref(repo, tag, 'tags', repo[hgref(tag)])
+
+def export_bookmark(repo, bmark):
+    head = bmarks[hgref(bmark)]
+    export_ref(repo, bmark, 'bookmarks', head)
+
+def export_branch(repo, branch):
+    tip = get_branch_tip(repo, branch)
+    head = repo[tip]
+    export_ref(repo, branch, 'branches', head)
+
+def export_head(repo):
+    global g_head
+    export_ref(repo, g_head[0], 'bookmarks', g_head[1])
+
+def do_capabilities(parser):
+    global prefix, dirname
+
+    print "import"
+    print "export"
+    print "refspec refs/heads/branches/*:%s/branches/*" % prefix
+    print "refspec refs/heads/*:%s/bookmarks/*" % prefix
+    print "refspec refs/tags/*:%s/tags/*" % prefix
+
+    path = os.path.join(dirname, 'marks-git')
+
+    if os.path.exists(path):
+        print "*import-marks %s" % path
+    print "*export-marks %s" % path
+
+    print
+
+def branch_tip(repo, branch):
+    # older versions of mercurial don't have this
+    if hasattr(repo, 'branchtip'):
+        return repo.branchtip(branch)
+    else:
+        return repo.branchtags()[branch]
+
+def get_branch_tip(repo, branch):
+    global branches
+
+    heads = branches.get(hgref(branch), None)
+    if not heads:
+        return None
+
+    # verify there's only one head
+    if (len(heads) > 1):
+        warn("Branch '%s' has more than one head, consider merging" % branch)
+        return branch_tip(repo, hgref(branch))
+
+    return heads[0]
+
+def list_head(repo, cur):
+    global g_head, bmarks
+
+    head = bookmarks.readcurrent(repo)
+    if head:
+        node = repo[head]
+    else:
+        # fake bookmark from current branch
+        head = cur
+        node = repo['.']
+        if not node:
+            node = repo['tip']
+        if not node:
+            return
+        if head == 'default':
+            head = 'master'
+        bmarks[head] = node
+
+    head = gitref(head)
+    print "@refs/heads/%s HEAD" % head
+    g_head = (head, node)
+
+def do_list(parser):
+    global branches, bmarks, track_branches
+
+    repo = parser.repo
+    for bmark, node in bookmarks.listbookmarks(repo).iteritems():
+        bmarks[bmark] = repo[node]
+
+    cur = repo.dirstate.branch()
+
+    list_head(repo, cur)
+
+    if track_branches:
+        for branch in repo.branchmap():
+            heads = repo.branchheads(branch)
+            if len(heads):
+                branches[branch] = heads
+
+        for branch in branches:
+            print "? refs/heads/branches/%s" % gitref(branch)
+
+    for bmark in bmarks:
+        print "? refs/heads/%s" % gitref(bmark)
+
+    for tag, node in repo.tagslist():
+        if tag == 'tip':
+            continue
+        print "? refs/tags/%s" % gitref(tag)
+
+    print
+
+def do_import(parser):
+    repo = parser.repo
+
+    path = os.path.join(dirname, 'marks-git')
+
+    print "feature done"
+    if os.path.exists(path):
+        print "feature import-marks=%s" % path
+    print "feature export-marks=%s" % path
+    sys.stdout.flush()
+
+    tmp = encoding.encoding
+    encoding.encoding = 'utf-8'
+
+    # lets get all the import lines
+    while parser.check('import'):
+        ref = parser[1]
+
+        if (ref == 'HEAD'):
+            export_head(repo)
+        elif ref.startswith('refs/heads/branches/'):
+            branch = ref[len('refs/heads/branches/'):]
+            export_branch(repo, branch)
+        elif ref.startswith('refs/heads/'):
+            bmark = ref[len('refs/heads/'):]
+            export_bookmark(repo, bmark)
+        elif ref.startswith('refs/tags/'):
+            tag = ref[len('refs/tags/'):]
+            export_tag(repo, tag)
+
+        parser.next()
+
+    encoding.encoding = tmp
+
+    print 'done'
+
+def parse_blob(parser):
+    global blob_marks
+
+    parser.next()
+    mark = parser.get_mark()
+    parser.next()
+    data = parser.get_data()
+    blob_marks[mark] = data
+    parser.next()
+
+def get_merge_files(repo, p1, p2, files):
+    for e in repo[p1].files():
+        if e not in files:
+            if e not in repo[p1].manifest():
+                continue
+            f = { 'ctx' : repo[p1][e] }
+            files[e] = f
+
+def parse_commit(parser):
+    global marks, blob_marks, parsed_refs
+    global mode
+
+    from_mark = merge_mark = None
+
+    ref = parser[1]
+    parser.next()
+
+    commit_mark = parser.get_mark()
+    parser.next()
+    author = parser.get_author()
+    parser.next()
+    committer = parser.get_author()
+    parser.next()
+    data = parser.get_data()
+    parser.next()
+    if parser.check('from'):
+        from_mark = parser.get_mark()
+        parser.next()
+    if parser.check('merge'):
+        merge_mark = parser.get_mark()
+        parser.next()
+        if parser.check('merge'):
+            die('octopus merges are not supported yet')
+
+    # fast-export adds an extra newline
+    if data[-1] == '\n':
+        data = data[:-1]
+
+    files = {}
+
+    for line in parser:
+        if parser.check('M'):
+            t, m, mark_ref, path = line.split(' ', 3)
+            mark = int(mark_ref[1:])
+            f = { 'mode' : hgmode(m), 'data' : blob_marks[mark] }
+        elif parser.check('D'):
+            t, path = line.split(' ', 1)
+            f = { 'deleted' : True }
+        else:
+            die('Unknown file command: %s' % line)
+        files[path] = f
+
+    def getfilectx(repo, memctx, f):
+        of = files[f]
+        if 'deleted' in of:
+            raise IOError
+        if 'ctx' in of:
+            return of['ctx']
+        is_exec = of['mode'] == 'x'
+        is_link = of['mode'] == 'l'
+        rename = of.get('rename', None)
+        return context.memfilectx(f, of['data'],
+                is_link, is_exec, rename)
+
+    repo = parser.repo
+
+    user, date, tz = author
+    extra = {}
+
+    if committer != author:
+        extra['committer'] = "%s %u %u" % committer
+
+    if from_mark:
+        p1 = repo.changelog.node(mark_to_rev(from_mark))
+    else:
+        p1 = '\0' * 20
+
+    if merge_mark:
+        p2 = repo.changelog.node(mark_to_rev(merge_mark))
+    else:
+        p2 = '\0' * 20
+
+    #
+    # If files changed from any of the parents, hg wants to know, but in git if
+    # nothing changed from the first parent, nothing changed.
+    #
+    if merge_mark:
+        get_merge_files(repo, p1, p2, files)
+
+    # Check if the ref is supposed to be a named branch
+    if ref.startswith('refs/heads/branches/'):
+        branch = ref[len('refs/heads/branches/'):]
+        extra['branch'] = hgref(branch)
+
+    if mode == 'hg':
+        i = data.find('\n--HG--\n')
+        if i >= 0:
+            tmp = data[i + len('\n--HG--\n'):].strip()
+            for k, v in [e.split(' : ', 1) for e in tmp.split('\n')]:
+                if k == 'rename':
+                    old, new = v.split(' => ', 1)
+                    files[new]['rename'] = old
+                elif k == 'branch':
+                    extra[k] = v
+                elif k == 'extra':
+                    ek, ev = v.split(' : ', 1)
+                    extra[ek] = urllib.unquote(ev)
+            data = data[:i]
+
+    ctx = context.memctx(repo, (p1, p2), data,
+            files.keys(), getfilectx,
+            user, (date, tz), extra)
+
+    tmp = encoding.encoding
+    encoding.encoding = 'utf-8'
+
+    node = repo.commitctx(ctx)
+
+    encoding.encoding = tmp
+
+    rev = repo[node].rev()
+
+    parsed_refs[ref] = node
+    marks.new_mark(rev, commit_mark)
+
+def parse_reset(parser):
+    global parsed_refs
+
+    ref = parser[1]
+    parser.next()
+    # ugh
+    if parser.check('commit'):
+        parse_commit(parser)
+        return
+    if not parser.check('from'):
+        return
+    from_mark = parser.get_mark()
+    parser.next()
+
+    node = parser.repo.changelog.node(mark_to_rev(from_mark))
+    parsed_refs[ref] = node
+
+def parse_tag(parser):
+    name = parser[1]
+    parser.next()
+    from_mark = parser.get_mark()
+    parser.next()
+    tagger = parser.get_author()
+    parser.next()
+    data = parser.get_data()
+    parser.next()
+
+    parsed_tags[name] = (tagger, data)
+
+def write_tag(repo, tag, node, msg, author):
+    branch = repo[node].branch()
+    tip = branch_tip(repo, branch)
+    tip = repo[tip]
+
+    def getfilectx(repo, memctx, f):
+        try:
+            fctx = tip.filectx(f)
+            data = fctx.data()
+        except error.ManifestLookupError:
+            data = ""
+        content = data + "%s %s\n" % (hghex(node), tag)
+        return context.memfilectx(f, content, False, False, None)
+
+    p1 = tip.hex()
+    p2 = '\0' * 20
+    if not author:
+        author = (None, 0, 0)
+    user, date, tz = author
+
+    ctx = context.memctx(repo, (p1, p2), msg,
+            ['.hgtags'], getfilectx,
+            user, (date, tz), {'branch' : branch})
+
+    tmp = encoding.encoding
+    encoding.encoding = 'utf-8'
+
+    tagnode = repo.commitctx(ctx)
+
+    encoding.encoding = tmp
+
+    return tagnode
+
+def do_export(parser):
+    global parsed_refs, bmarks, peer
+
+    p_bmarks = []
+
+    parser.next()
+
+    for line in parser.each_block('done'):
+        if parser.check('blob'):
+            parse_blob(parser)
+        elif parser.check('commit'):
+            parse_commit(parser)
+        elif parser.check('reset'):
+            parse_reset(parser)
+        elif parser.check('tag'):
+            parse_tag(parser)
+        elif parser.check('feature'):
+            pass
+        else:
+            die('unhandled export command: %s' % line)
+
+    for ref, node in parsed_refs.iteritems():
+        if ref.startswith('refs/heads/branches'):
+            branch = ref[len('refs/heads/branches/'):]
+            if branch in branches and node in branches[branch]:
+                # up to date
+                continue
+            print "ok %s" % ref
+        elif ref.startswith('refs/heads/'):
+            bmark = ref[len('refs/heads/'):]
+            p_bmarks.append((bmark, node))
+            continue
+        elif ref.startswith('refs/tags/'):
+            tag = ref[len('refs/tags/'):]
+            tag = hgref(tag)
+            author, msg = parsed_tags.get(tag, (None, None))
+            if mode == 'git':
+                if not msg:
+                    msg = 'Added tag %s for changeset %s' % (tag, hghex(node[:6]));
+                write_tag(parser.repo, tag, node, msg, author)
+            else:
+                fp = parser.repo.opener('localtags', 'a')
+                fp.write('%s %s\n' % (hghex(node), tag))
+                fp.close()
+            print "ok %s" % ref
+        else:
+            # transport-helper/fast-export bugs
+            continue
+
+    if peer:
+        parser.repo.push(peer, force=force_push, newbranch=True)
+
+    # handle bookmarks
+    for bmark, node in p_bmarks:
+        ref = 'refs/heads/' + bmark
+        new = hghex(node)
+
+        if bmark in bmarks:
+            old = bmarks[bmark].hex()
+        else:
+            old = ''
+
+        if old == new:
+            continue
+
+        if bmark == 'master' and 'master' not in parser.repo._bookmarks:
+            # fake bookmark
+            print "ok %s" % ref
+            continue
+        elif bookmarks.pushbookmark(parser.repo, bmark, old, new):
+            # updated locally
+            pass
+        else:
+            print "error %s" % ref
+            continue
+
+        if peer:
+            rb = peer.listkeys('bookmarks')
+            old = rb.get(bmark, '')
+            if not peer.pushkey('bookmarks', bmark, old, new):
+                print "error %s" % ref
+                continue
+
+        print "ok %s" % ref
+
+    print
+
+def fix_path(alias, repo, orig_url):
+    url = urlparse.urlparse(orig_url, 'file')
+    if url.scheme != 'file' or os.path.isabs(url.path):
+        return
+    abs_url = urlparse.urljoin("%s/" % os.getcwd(), orig_url)
+    cmd = ['git', 'config', 'remote.%s.url' % alias, "hg::%s" % abs_url]
+    subprocess.call(cmd)
+
+def main(args):
+    global prefix, dirname, branches, bmarks
+    global marks, blob_marks, parsed_refs
+    global peer, mode, bad_mail, bad_name
+    global track_branches, force_push, is_tmp
+    global parsed_tags
+    global filenodes
+
+    alias = args[1]
+    url = args[2]
+    peer = None
+
+    hg_git_compat = get_config_bool('remote-hg.hg-git-compat')
+    track_branches = get_config_bool('remote-hg.track-branches', True)
+    force_push = get_config_bool('remote-hg.force-push')
+
+    if hg_git_compat:
+        mode = 'hg'
+        bad_mail = 'none@none'
+        bad_name = ''
+    else:
+        mode = 'git'
+        bad_mail = 'unknown'
+        bad_name = 'Unknown'
+
+    if alias[4:] == url:
+        is_tmp = True
+        alias = hashlib.sha1(alias).hexdigest()
+    else:
+        is_tmp = False
+
+    gitdir = os.environ['GIT_DIR']
+    dirname = os.path.join(gitdir, 'hg', alias)
+    branches = {}
+    bmarks = {}
+    blob_marks = {}
+    parsed_refs = {}
+    marks = None
+    parsed_tags = {}
+    filenodes = {}
+
+    repo = get_repo(url, alias)
+    prefix = 'refs/hg/%s' % alias
+
+    if not is_tmp:
+        fix_path(alias, peer or repo, url)
+
+    if not os.path.exists(dirname):
+        os.makedirs(dirname)
+
+    marks_path = os.path.join(dirname, 'marks-hg')
+    marks = Marks(marks_path)
+
+    if sys.platform == 'win32':
+        import msvcrt
+        msvcrt.setmode(sys.stdout.fileno(), os.O_BINARY)
+
+    parser = Parser(repo)
+    for line in parser:
+        if parser.check('capabilities'):
+            do_capabilities(parser)
+        elif parser.check('list'):
+            do_list(parser)
+        elif parser.check('import'):
+            do_import(parser)
+        elif parser.check('export'):
+            do_export(parser)
+        else:
+            die('unhandled command: %s' % line)
+        sys.stdout.flush()
+
+def bye():
+    if not marks:
+        return
+    if not is_tmp:
+        marks.store()
+    else:
+        shutil.rmtree(dirname)
+
+atexit.register(bye)
+sys.exit(main(sys.argv))
diff --git a/contrib/remote-helpers/test-bzr.sh b/contrib/remote-helpers/test-bzr.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..5dfa070
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/remote-helpers/test-bzr.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,341 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Felipe Contreras
+#
+
+test_description='Test remote-bzr'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+if ! test_have_prereq PYTHON; then
+	skip_all='skipping remote-bzr tests; python not available'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+if ! "$PYTHON_PATH" -c 'import bzrlib'; then
+	skip_all='skipping remote-bzr tests; bzr not available'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+check () {
+	(cd $1 &&
+	git log --format='%s' -1 &&
+	git symbolic-ref HEAD) > actual &&
+	(echo $2 &&
+	echo "refs/heads/$3") > expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+}
+
+bzr whoami "A U Thor <author@example.com>"
+
+test_expect_success 'cloning' '
+  (bzr init bzrrepo &&
+  cd bzrrepo &&
+  echo one > content &&
+  bzr add content &&
+  bzr commit -m one
+  ) &&
+
+  git clone "bzr::$PWD/bzrrepo" gitrepo &&
+  check gitrepo one master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pulling' '
+  (cd bzrrepo &&
+  echo two > content &&
+  bzr commit -m two
+  ) &&
+
+  (cd gitrepo && git pull) &&
+
+  check gitrepo two master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pushing' '
+  (cd gitrepo &&
+  echo three > content &&
+  git commit -a -m three &&
+  git push
+  ) &&
+
+  echo three > expected &&
+  cat bzrrepo/content > actual &&
+  test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'roundtrip' '
+  (cd gitrepo &&
+  git pull &&
+  git log --format="%s" -1 origin/master > actual) &&
+  echo three > expected &&
+  test_cmp expected actual &&
+
+  (cd gitrepo && git push && git pull) &&
+
+  (cd bzrrepo &&
+  echo four > content &&
+  bzr commit -m four
+  ) &&
+
+  (cd gitrepo && git pull && git push) &&
+
+  check gitrepo four master &&
+
+  (cd gitrepo &&
+  echo five > content &&
+  git commit -a -m five &&
+  git push && git pull
+  ) &&
+
+  (cd bzrrepo && bzr revert) &&
+
+  echo five > expected &&
+  cat bzrrepo/content > actual &&
+  test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat > expected <<EOF
+100644 blob 54f9d6da5c91d556e6b54340b1327573073030af	content
+100755 blob 68769579c3eaadbe555379b9c3538e6628bae1eb	executable
+120000 blob 6b584e8ece562ebffc15d38808cd6b98fc3d97ea	link
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'special modes' '
+  (cd bzrrepo &&
+  echo exec > executable
+  chmod +x executable &&
+  bzr add executable
+  bzr commit -m exec &&
+  ln -s content link
+  bzr add link
+  bzr commit -m link &&
+  mkdir dir &&
+  bzr add dir &&
+  bzr commit -m dir) &&
+
+  (cd gitrepo &&
+  git pull
+  git ls-tree HEAD > ../actual) &&
+
+  test_cmp expected actual &&
+
+  (cd gitrepo &&
+  git cat-file -p HEAD:link > ../actual) &&
+
+  printf content > expected &&
+  test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat > expected <<EOF
+100644 blob 54f9d6da5c91d556e6b54340b1327573073030af	content
+100755 blob 68769579c3eaadbe555379b9c3538e6628bae1eb	executable
+120000 blob 6b584e8ece562ebffc15d38808cd6b98fc3d97ea	link
+040000 tree 35c0caa46693cef62247ac89a680f0c5ce32b37b	movedir-new
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'moving directory' '
+  (cd bzrrepo &&
+  mkdir movedir &&
+  echo one > movedir/one &&
+  echo two > movedir/two &&
+  bzr add movedir &&
+  bzr commit -m movedir &&
+  bzr mv movedir movedir-new &&
+  bzr commit -m movedir-new) &&
+
+  (cd gitrepo &&
+  git pull &&
+  git ls-tree HEAD > ../actual) &&
+
+  test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'different authors' '
+  (cd bzrrepo &&
+  echo john >> content &&
+  bzr commit -m john \
+    --author "Jane Rey <jrey@example.com>" \
+    --author "John Doe <jdoe@example.com>") &&
+
+  (cd gitrepo &&
+  git pull &&
+  git show --format="%an <%ae>, %cn <%ce>" --quiet > ../actual) &&
+
+  echo "Jane Rey <jrey@example.com>, A U Thor <author@example.com>" > expected &&
+  test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch utf-8 filenames' '
+  mkdir -p tmp && cd tmp &&
+  test_when_finished "cd .. && rm -rf tmp && LC_ALL=C" &&
+
+  LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
+  export LC_ALL
+  (
+  bzr init bzrrepo &&
+  cd bzrrepo &&
+
+  echo test >> "ærø" &&
+  bzr add "ærø" &&
+  echo test >> "ø~?" &&
+  bzr add "ø~?" &&
+  bzr commit -m add-utf-8 &&
+  echo test >> "ærø" &&
+  bzr commit -m test-utf-8 &&
+  bzr rm "ø~?" &&
+  bzr mv "ærø" "ø~?" &&
+  bzr commit -m bzr-mv-utf-8
+  ) &&
+
+  (
+  git clone "bzr::$PWD/bzrrepo" gitrepo &&
+  cd gitrepo &&
+  git -c core.quotepath=false ls-files > ../actual
+  ) &&
+  echo "ø~?" > expected &&
+  test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push utf-8 filenames' '
+  mkdir -p tmp && cd tmp &&
+  test_when_finished "cd .. && rm -rf tmp && LC_ALL=C" &&
+
+  LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
+  export LC_ALL
+
+  (
+  bzr init bzrrepo &&
+  cd bzrrepo &&
+
+  echo one >> content &&
+  bzr add content &&
+  bzr commit -m one
+  ) &&
+
+  (
+  git clone "bzr::$PWD/bzrrepo" gitrepo &&
+  cd gitrepo &&
+
+  echo test >> "ærø" &&
+  git add "ærø" &&
+  git commit -m utf-8 &&
+
+  git push
+  ) &&
+
+  (cd bzrrepo && bzr ls > ../actual) &&
+  printf "content\nærø\n" > expected &&
+  test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pushing a merge' '
+  mkdir -p tmp && cd tmp &&
+  test_when_finished "cd .. && rm -rf tmp" &&
+
+  (
+  bzr init bzrrepo &&
+  cd bzrrepo &&
+  echo one > content &&
+  bzr add content &&
+  bzr commit -m one
+  ) &&
+
+  git clone "bzr::$PWD/bzrrepo" gitrepo &&
+
+  (
+  cd bzrrepo &&
+  echo two > content &&
+  bzr commit -m two
+  ) &&
+
+  (
+  cd gitrepo &&
+  echo three > content &&
+  git commit -a -m three &&
+  git fetch &&
+  git merge origin/master || true &&
+  echo three > content &&
+  git commit -a --no-edit &&
+  git push
+  ) &&
+
+  echo three > expected &&
+  cat bzrrepo/content > actual &&
+  test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat > expected <<EOF
+origin/HEAD
+origin/branch
+origin/trunk
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'proper bzr repo' '
+  mkdir -p tmp && cd tmp &&
+  test_when_finished "cd .. && rm -rf tmp" &&
+
+  bzr init-repo bzrrepo &&
+
+  bzr init bzrrepo/trunk &&
+  (
+  cd bzrrepo/trunk &&
+  echo one >> content &&
+  bzr add content &&
+  bzr commit -m one
+  ) &&
+
+  bzr branch bzrrepo/trunk bzrrepo/branch &&
+  (
+  cd bzrrepo/branch &&
+  echo two >> content &&
+  bzr commit -m one
+  ) &&
+
+  git clone "bzr::$PWD/bzrrepo" gitrepo &&
+  (
+  cd gitrepo &&
+  git for-each-ref --format "%(refname:short)" refs/remotes/origin > ../actual
+  ) &&
+
+  test_cmp ../expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'strip' '
+  # Do not imitate this style; always chdir inside a subshell instead
+  mkdir -p tmp && cd tmp &&
+  test_when_finished "cd .. && rm -rf tmp" &&
+
+  (
+  bzr init bzrrepo &&
+  cd bzrrepo &&
+
+  echo one >> content &&
+  bzr add content &&
+  bzr commit -m one &&
+
+  echo two >> content &&
+  bzr commit -m two
+  ) &&
+
+  git clone "bzr::$PWD/bzrrepo" gitrepo &&
+
+  (
+  cd bzrrepo &&
+  bzr uncommit --force &&
+
+  echo three >> content &&
+  bzr commit -m three &&
+
+  echo four >> content &&
+  bzr commit -m four &&
+  bzr log --line | sed -e "s/^[0-9][0-9]*: //" > ../expected
+  ) &&
+
+  (cd gitrepo &&
+  git fetch &&
+  git log --format="%an %ad %s" --date=short origin/master > ../actual) &&
+
+  test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/contrib/remote-helpers/test-hg-bidi.sh b/contrib/remote-helpers/test-hg-bidi.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f569697
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/remote-helpers/test-hg-bidi.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Felipe Contreras
+#
+# Base commands from hg-git tests:
+# https://bitbucket.org/durin42/hg-git/src
+#
+
+test_description='Test bidirectionality of remote-hg'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+if ! test_have_prereq PYTHON; then
+	skip_all='skipping remote-hg tests; python not available'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+if ! "$PYTHON_PATH" -c 'import mercurial'; then
+	skip_all='skipping remote-hg tests; mercurial not available'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+# clone to a git repo
+git_clone () {
+	git clone -q "hg::$PWD/$1" $2
+}
+
+# clone to an hg repo
+hg_clone () {
+	(
+	hg init $2 &&
+	hg -R $2 bookmark -i master &&
+	cd $1 &&
+	git push -q "hg::$PWD/../$2" 'refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*' 'refs/heads/*:refs/heads/*'
+	) &&
+
+	(cd $2 && hg -q update)
+}
+
+# push an hg repo
+hg_push () {
+	(
+	cd $2
+	old=$(git symbolic-ref --short HEAD)
+	git checkout -q -b tmp &&
+	git fetch -q "hg::$PWD/../$1" 'refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*' 'refs/heads/*:refs/heads/*' &&
+	git checkout -q $old &&
+	git branch -q -D tmp 2> /dev/null || true
+	)
+}
+
+hg_log () {
+	hg -R $1 log --graph --debug >log &&
+	grep -v 'tag: *default/' log
+}
+
+setup () {
+	(
+	echo "[ui]"
+	echo "username = A U Thor <author@example.com>"
+	echo "[defaults]"
+	echo "backout = -d \"0 0\""
+	echo "commit = -d \"0 0\""
+	echo "debugrawcommit = -d \"0 0\""
+	echo "tag = -d \"0 0\""
+	echo "[extensions]"
+	echo "graphlog ="
+	) >> "$HOME"/.hgrc &&
+	git config --global remote-hg.hg-git-compat true
+
+	HGEDITOR=/usr/bin/true
+	GIT_AUTHOR_DATE="2007-01-01 00:00:00 +0230"
+	GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="$GIT_AUTHOR_DATE"
+	export HGEDITOR GIT_AUTHOR_DATE GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+}
+
+setup
+
+test_expect_success 'encoding' '
+	mkdir -p tmp && cd tmp &&
+	test_when_finished "cd .. && rm -rf tmp" &&
+
+	(
+	git init -q gitrepo &&
+	cd gitrepo &&
+
+	echo alpha > alpha &&
+	git add alpha &&
+	git commit -m "add älphà" &&
+
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="tést èncödîng" &&
+	export GIT_AUTHOR_NAME &&
+	echo beta > beta &&
+	git add beta &&
+	git commit -m "add beta" &&
+
+	echo gamma > gamma &&
+	git add gamma &&
+	git commit -m "add gämmâ" &&
+
+	: TODO git config i18n.commitencoding latin-1 &&
+	echo delta > delta &&
+	git add delta &&
+	git commit -m "add déltà"
+	) &&
+
+	hg_clone gitrepo hgrepo &&
+	git_clone hgrepo gitrepo2 &&
+	hg_clone gitrepo2 hgrepo2 &&
+
+	HGENCODING=utf-8 hg_log hgrepo > expected &&
+	HGENCODING=utf-8 hg_log hgrepo2 > actual &&
+
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'file removal' '
+	mkdir -p tmp && cd tmp &&
+	test_when_finished "cd .. && rm -rf tmp" &&
+
+	(
+	git init -q gitrepo &&
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	echo alpha > alpha &&
+	git add alpha &&
+	git commit -m "add alpha" &&
+	echo beta > beta &&
+	git add beta &&
+	git commit -m "add beta"
+	mkdir foo &&
+	echo blah > foo/bar &&
+	git add foo &&
+	git commit -m "add foo" &&
+	git rm alpha &&
+	git commit -m "remove alpha" &&
+	git rm foo/bar &&
+	git commit -m "remove foo/bar"
+	) &&
+
+	hg_clone gitrepo hgrepo &&
+	git_clone hgrepo gitrepo2 &&
+	hg_clone gitrepo2 hgrepo2 &&
+
+	hg_log hgrepo > expected &&
+	hg_log hgrepo2 > actual &&
+
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git tags' '
+	mkdir -p tmp && cd tmp &&
+	test_when_finished "cd .. && rm -rf tmp" &&
+
+	(
+	git init -q gitrepo &&
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	git config receive.denyCurrentBranch ignore &&
+	echo alpha > alpha &&
+	git add alpha &&
+	git commit -m "add alpha" &&
+	git tag alpha &&
+
+	echo beta > beta &&
+	git add beta &&
+	git commit -m "add beta" &&
+	git tag -a -m "added tag beta" beta
+	) &&
+
+	hg_clone gitrepo hgrepo &&
+	git_clone hgrepo gitrepo2 &&
+	hg_clone gitrepo2 hgrepo2 &&
+
+	hg_log hgrepo > expected &&
+	hg_log hgrepo2 > actual &&
+
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'hg branch' '
+	mkdir -p tmp && cd tmp &&
+	test_when_finished "cd .. && rm -rf tmp" &&
+
+	(
+	git init -q gitrepo &&
+	cd gitrepo &&
+
+	echo alpha > alpha &&
+	git add alpha &&
+	git commit -q -m "add alpha" &&
+	git checkout -q -b not-master
+	) &&
+
+	(
+	hg_clone gitrepo hgrepo &&
+
+	cd hgrepo &&
+	hg -q co master &&
+	hg mv alpha beta &&
+	hg -q commit -m "rename alpha to beta" &&
+	hg branch gamma | grep -v "permanent and global" &&
+	hg -q commit -m "started branch gamma"
+	) &&
+
+	hg_push hgrepo gitrepo &&
+	hg_clone gitrepo hgrepo2 &&
+
+	: Back to the common revision &&
+	(cd hgrepo && hg checkout default) &&
+
+	hg_log hgrepo > expected &&
+	hg_log hgrepo2 > actual &&
+
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'hg tags' '
+	mkdir -p tmp && cd tmp &&
+	test_when_finished "cd .. && rm -rf tmp" &&
+
+	(
+	git init -q gitrepo &&
+	cd gitrepo &&
+
+	echo alpha > alpha &&
+	git add alpha &&
+	git commit -m "add alpha" &&
+	git checkout -q -b not-master
+	) &&
+
+	(
+	hg_clone gitrepo hgrepo &&
+
+	cd hgrepo &&
+	hg co master &&
+	hg tag alpha
+	) &&
+
+	hg_push hgrepo gitrepo &&
+	hg_clone gitrepo hgrepo2 &&
+
+	hg_log hgrepo > expected &&
+	hg_log hgrepo2 > actual &&
+
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/contrib/remote-helpers/test-hg-hg-git.sh b/contrib/remote-helpers/test-hg-hg-git.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7f579c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/remote-helpers/test-hg-hg-git.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,536 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Felipe Contreras
+#
+# Base commands from hg-git tests:
+# https://bitbucket.org/durin42/hg-git/src
+#
+
+test_description='Test remote-hg output compared to hg-git'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+if ! test_have_prereq PYTHON; then
+	skip_all='skipping remote-hg tests; python not available'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+if ! "$PYTHON_PATH" -c 'import mercurial'; then
+	skip_all='skipping remote-hg tests; mercurial not available'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+if ! "$PYTHON_PATH" -c 'import hggit'; then
+	skip_all='skipping remote-hg tests; hg-git not available'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+# clone to a git repo with git
+git_clone_git () {
+	git clone -q "hg::$PWD/$1" $2
+}
+
+# clone to an hg repo with git
+hg_clone_git () {
+	(
+	hg init $2 &&
+	hg -R $2 bookmark -i master &&
+	cd $1 &&
+	git push -q "hg::$PWD/../$2" 'refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*' 'refs/heads/*:refs/heads/*'
+	) &&
+
+	(cd $2 && hg -q update)
+}
+
+# clone to a git repo with hg
+git_clone_hg () {
+	(
+	git init -q $2 &&
+	cd $1 &&
+	hg bookmark -i -f -r tip master &&
+	hg -q push -r master ../$2 || true
+	)
+}
+
+# clone to an hg repo with hg
+hg_clone_hg () {
+	hg -q clone $1 $2
+}
+
+# push an hg repo with git
+hg_push_git () {
+	(
+	cd $2
+	old=$(git symbolic-ref --short HEAD)
+	git checkout -q -b tmp &&
+	git fetch -q "hg::$PWD/../$1" 'refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*' 'refs/heads/*:refs/heads/*' &&
+	git checkout -q $old &&
+	git branch -q -D tmp 2> /dev/null || true
+	)
+}
+
+# push an hg git repo with hg
+hg_push_hg () {
+	(
+	cd $1 &&
+	hg -q push ../$2 || true
+	)
+}
+
+hg_log () {
+	hg -R $1 log --graph --debug >log &&
+	grep -v 'tag: *default/' log
+}
+
+git_log () {
+	git --git-dir=$1/.git fast-export --branches
+}
+
+setup () {
+	(
+	echo "[ui]"
+	echo "username = A U Thor <author@example.com>"
+	echo "[defaults]"
+	echo "backout = -d \"0 0\""
+	echo "commit = -d \"0 0\""
+	echo "debugrawcommit = -d \"0 0\""
+	echo "tag = -d \"0 0\""
+	echo "[extensions]"
+	echo "hgext.bookmarks ="
+	echo "hggit ="
+	echo "graphlog ="
+	) >> "$HOME"/.hgrc &&
+	git config --global receive.denycurrentbranch warn
+	git config --global remote-hg.hg-git-compat true
+	git config --global remote-hg.track-branches false
+
+	HGEDITOR=/usr/bin/true
+
+	GIT_AUTHOR_DATE="2007-01-01 00:00:00 +0230"
+	GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="$GIT_AUTHOR_DATE"
+	export HGEDITOR GIT_AUTHOR_DATE GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+}
+
+setup
+
+test_expect_success 'executable bit' '
+	mkdir -p tmp && cd tmp &&
+	test_when_finished "cd .. && rm -rf tmp" &&
+
+	(
+	git init -q gitrepo &&
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	echo alpha > alpha &&
+	chmod 0644 alpha &&
+	git add alpha &&
+	git commit -m "add alpha" &&
+	chmod 0755 alpha &&
+	git add alpha &&
+	git commit -m "set executable bit" &&
+	chmod 0644 alpha &&
+	git add alpha &&
+	git commit -m "clear executable bit"
+	) &&
+
+	for x in hg git; do
+		(
+		hg_clone_$x gitrepo hgrepo-$x &&
+		cd hgrepo-$x &&
+		hg_log . &&
+		hg manifest -r 1 -v &&
+		hg manifest -v
+		) > output-$x &&
+
+		git_clone_$x hgrepo-$x gitrepo2-$x &&
+		git_log gitrepo2-$x > log-$x
+	done &&
+
+	test_cmp output-hg output-git &&
+	test_cmp log-hg log-git
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'symlink' '
+	mkdir -p tmp && cd tmp &&
+	test_when_finished "cd .. && rm -rf tmp" &&
+
+	(
+	git init -q gitrepo &&
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	echo alpha > alpha &&
+	git add alpha &&
+	git commit -m "add alpha" &&
+	ln -s alpha beta &&
+	git add beta &&
+	git commit -m "add beta"
+	) &&
+
+	for x in hg git; do
+		(
+		hg_clone_$x gitrepo hgrepo-$x &&
+		cd hgrepo-$x &&
+		hg_log . &&
+		hg manifest -v
+		) > output-$x &&
+
+		git_clone_$x hgrepo-$x gitrepo2-$x &&
+		git_log gitrepo2-$x > log-$x
+	done &&
+
+	test_cmp output-hg output-git &&
+	test_cmp log-hg log-git
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge conflict 1' '
+	mkdir -p tmp && cd tmp &&
+	test_when_finished "cd .. && rm -rf tmp" &&
+
+	(
+	hg init hgrepo1 &&
+	cd hgrepo1 &&
+	echo A > afile &&
+	hg add afile &&
+	hg ci -m "origin" &&
+
+	echo B > afile &&
+	hg ci -m "A->B" &&
+
+	hg up -r0 &&
+	echo C > afile &&
+	hg ci -m "A->C" &&
+
+	hg merge -r1 || true &&
+	echo C > afile &&
+	hg resolve -m afile &&
+	hg ci -m "merge to C"
+	) &&
+
+	for x in hg git; do
+		git_clone_$x hgrepo1 gitrepo-$x &&
+		hg_clone_$x gitrepo-$x hgrepo2-$x &&
+		hg_log hgrepo2-$x > hg-log-$x &&
+		git_log gitrepo-$x > git-log-$x
+	done &&
+
+	test_cmp hg-log-hg hg-log-git &&
+	test_cmp git-log-hg git-log-git
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge conflict 2' '
+	mkdir -p tmp && cd tmp &&
+	test_when_finished "cd .. && rm -rf tmp" &&
+
+	(
+	hg init hgrepo1 &&
+	cd hgrepo1 &&
+	echo A > afile &&
+	hg add afile &&
+	hg ci -m "origin" &&
+
+	echo B > afile &&
+	hg ci -m "A->B" &&
+
+	hg up -r0 &&
+	echo C > afile &&
+	hg ci -m "A->C" &&
+
+	hg merge -r1 || true &&
+	echo B > afile &&
+	hg resolve -m afile &&
+	hg ci -m "merge to B"
+	) &&
+
+	for x in hg git; do
+		git_clone_$x hgrepo1 gitrepo-$x &&
+		hg_clone_$x gitrepo-$x hgrepo2-$x &&
+		hg_log hgrepo2-$x > hg-log-$x &&
+		git_log gitrepo-$x > git-log-$x
+	done &&
+
+	test_cmp hg-log-hg hg-log-git &&
+	test_cmp git-log-hg git-log-git
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'converged merge' '
+	mkdir -p tmp && cd tmp &&
+	test_when_finished "cd .. && rm -rf tmp" &&
+
+	(
+	hg init hgrepo1 &&
+	cd hgrepo1 &&
+	echo A > afile &&
+	hg add afile &&
+	hg ci -m "origin" &&
+
+	echo B > afile &&
+	hg ci -m "A->B" &&
+
+	echo C > afile &&
+	hg ci -m "B->C" &&
+
+	hg up -r0 &&
+	echo C > afile &&
+	hg ci -m "A->C" &&
+
+	hg merge -r2 || true &&
+	hg ci -m "merge"
+	) &&
+
+	for x in hg git; do
+		git_clone_$x hgrepo1 gitrepo-$x &&
+		hg_clone_$x gitrepo-$x hgrepo2-$x &&
+		hg_log hgrepo2-$x > hg-log-$x &&
+		git_log gitrepo-$x > git-log-$x
+	done &&
+
+	test_cmp hg-log-hg hg-log-git &&
+	test_cmp git-log-hg git-log-git
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'encoding' '
+	mkdir -p tmp && cd tmp &&
+	test_when_finished "cd .. && rm -rf tmp" &&
+
+	(
+	git init -q gitrepo &&
+	cd gitrepo &&
+
+	echo alpha > alpha &&
+	git add alpha &&
+	git commit -m "add älphà" &&
+
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="tést èncödîng" &&
+	export GIT_AUTHOR_NAME &&
+	echo beta > beta &&
+	git add beta &&
+	git commit -m "add beta" &&
+
+	echo gamma > gamma &&
+	git add gamma &&
+	git commit -m "add gämmâ" &&
+
+	: TODO git config i18n.commitencoding latin-1 &&
+	echo delta > delta &&
+	git add delta &&
+	git commit -m "add déltà"
+	) &&
+
+	for x in hg git; do
+		hg_clone_$x gitrepo hgrepo-$x &&
+		git_clone_$x hgrepo-$x gitrepo2-$x &&
+
+		HGENCODING=utf-8 hg_log hgrepo-$x > hg-log-$x &&
+		git_log gitrepo2-$x > git-log-$x
+	done &&
+
+	test_cmp hg-log-hg hg-log-git &&
+	test_cmp git-log-hg git-log-git
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'file removal' '
+	mkdir -p tmp && cd tmp &&
+	test_when_finished "cd .. && rm -rf tmp" &&
+
+	(
+	git init -q gitrepo &&
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	echo alpha > alpha &&
+	git add alpha &&
+	git commit -m "add alpha" &&
+	echo beta > beta &&
+	git add beta &&
+	git commit -m "add beta"
+	mkdir foo &&
+	echo blah > foo/bar &&
+	git add foo &&
+	git commit -m "add foo" &&
+	git rm alpha &&
+	git commit -m "remove alpha" &&
+	git rm foo/bar &&
+	git commit -m "remove foo/bar"
+	) &&
+
+	for x in hg git; do
+		(
+		hg_clone_$x gitrepo hgrepo-$x &&
+		cd hgrepo-$x &&
+		hg_log . &&
+		hg manifest -r 3 &&
+		hg manifest
+		) > output-$x &&
+
+		git_clone_$x hgrepo-$x gitrepo2-$x &&
+		git_log gitrepo2-$x > log-$x
+	done &&
+
+	test_cmp output-hg output-git &&
+	test_cmp log-hg log-git
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git tags' '
+	mkdir -p tmp && cd tmp &&
+	test_when_finished "cd .. && rm -rf tmp" &&
+
+	(
+	git init -q gitrepo &&
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	git config receive.denyCurrentBranch ignore &&
+	echo alpha > alpha &&
+	git add alpha &&
+	git commit -m "add alpha" &&
+	git tag alpha &&
+
+	echo beta > beta &&
+	git add beta &&
+	git commit -m "add beta" &&
+	git tag -a -m "added tag beta" beta
+	) &&
+
+	for x in hg git; do
+		hg_clone_$x gitrepo hgrepo-$x &&
+		hg_log hgrepo-$x > log-$x
+	done &&
+
+	test_cmp log-hg log-git
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'hg author' '
+	mkdir -p tmp && cd tmp &&
+	test_when_finished "cd .. && rm -rf tmp" &&
+
+	for x in hg git; do
+		(
+		git init -q gitrepo-$x &&
+		cd gitrepo-$x &&
+
+		echo alpha > alpha &&
+		git add alpha &&
+		git commit -m "add alpha" &&
+		git checkout -q -b not-master
+		) &&
+
+		(
+		hg_clone_$x gitrepo-$x hgrepo-$x &&
+		cd hgrepo-$x &&
+
+		hg co master &&
+		echo beta > beta &&
+		hg add beta &&
+		hg commit -u "test" -m "add beta" &&
+
+		echo gamma >> beta &&
+		hg commit -u "test <test@example.com> (comment)" -m "modify beta" &&
+
+		echo gamma > gamma &&
+		hg add gamma &&
+		hg commit -u "<test@example.com>" -m "add gamma" &&
+
+		echo delta > delta &&
+		hg add delta &&
+		hg commit -u "name<test@example.com>" -m "add delta" &&
+
+		echo epsilon > epsilon &&
+		hg add epsilon &&
+		hg commit -u "name <test@example.com" -m "add epsilon" &&
+
+		echo zeta > zeta &&
+		hg add zeta &&
+		hg commit -u " test " -m "add zeta" &&
+
+		echo eta > eta &&
+		hg add eta &&
+		hg commit -u "test < test@example.com >" -m "add eta" &&
+
+		echo theta > theta &&
+		hg add theta &&
+		hg commit -u "test >test@example.com>" -m "add theta" &&
+
+		echo iota > iota &&
+		hg add iota &&
+		hg commit -u "test <test <at> example <dot> com>" -m "add iota"
+		) &&
+
+		hg_push_$x hgrepo-$x gitrepo-$x &&
+		hg_clone_$x gitrepo-$x hgrepo2-$x &&
+
+		hg_log hgrepo2-$x > hg-log-$x &&
+		git_log gitrepo-$x > git-log-$x
+	done &&
+
+	test_cmp hg-log-hg hg-log-git &&
+	test_cmp git-log-hg git-log-git
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'hg branch' '
+	mkdir -p tmp && cd tmp &&
+	test_when_finished "cd .. && rm -rf tmp" &&
+
+	for x in hg git; do
+		(
+		git init -q gitrepo-$x &&
+		cd gitrepo-$x &&
+
+		echo alpha > alpha &&
+		git add alpha &&
+		git commit -q -m "add alpha" &&
+		git checkout -q -b not-master
+		) &&
+
+		(
+		hg_clone_$x gitrepo-$x hgrepo-$x &&
+
+		cd hgrepo-$x &&
+		hg -q co master &&
+		hg mv alpha beta &&
+		hg -q commit -m "rename alpha to beta" &&
+		hg branch gamma | grep -v "permanent and global" &&
+		hg -q commit -m "started branch gamma"
+		) &&
+
+		hg_push_$x hgrepo-$x gitrepo-$x &&
+		hg_clone_$x gitrepo-$x hgrepo2-$x &&
+
+		hg_log hgrepo2-$x > hg-log-$x &&
+		git_log gitrepo-$x > git-log-$x
+	done &&
+
+	test_cmp hg-log-hg hg-log-git &&
+	test_cmp git-log-hg git-log-git
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'hg tags' '
+	mkdir -p tmp && cd tmp &&
+	test_when_finished "cd .. && rm -rf tmp" &&
+
+	for x in hg git; do
+		(
+		git init -q gitrepo-$x &&
+		cd gitrepo-$x &&
+
+		echo alpha > alpha &&
+		git add alpha &&
+		git commit -m "add alpha" &&
+		git checkout -q -b not-master
+		) &&
+
+		(
+		hg_clone_$x gitrepo-$x hgrepo-$x &&
+
+		cd hgrepo-$x &&
+		hg co master &&
+		hg tag alpha
+		) &&
+
+		hg_push_$x hgrepo-$x gitrepo-$x &&
+		hg_clone_$x gitrepo-$x hgrepo2-$x &&
+
+		(
+		git --git-dir=gitrepo-$x/.git tag -l &&
+		hg_log hgrepo2-$x &&
+		cat hgrepo2-$x/.hgtags
+		) > output-$x
+	done &&
+
+	test_cmp output-hg output-git
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/contrib/remote-helpers/test-hg.sh b/contrib/remote-helpers/test-hg.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8de2aa7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/remote-helpers/test-hg.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Felipe Contreras
+#
+# Base commands from hg-git tests:
+# https://bitbucket.org/durin42/hg-git/src
+#
+
+test_description='Test remote-hg'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+if ! test_have_prereq PYTHON; then
+	skip_all='skipping remote-hg tests; python not available'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+if ! "$PYTHON_PATH" -c 'import mercurial'; then
+	skip_all='skipping remote-hg tests; mercurial not available'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+check () {
+	(cd $1 &&
+	git log --format='%s' -1 &&
+	git symbolic-ref HEAD) > actual &&
+	(echo $2 &&
+	echo "refs/heads/$3") > expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+}
+
+setup () {
+	(
+	echo "[ui]"
+	echo "username = H G Wells <wells@example.com>"
+	) >> "$HOME"/.hgrc
+}
+
+setup
+
+test_expect_success 'cloning' '
+  test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo*" &&
+
+  (
+  hg init hgrepo &&
+  cd hgrepo &&
+  echo zero > content &&
+  hg add content &&
+  hg commit -m zero
+  ) &&
+
+  git clone "hg::$PWD/hgrepo" gitrepo &&
+  check gitrepo zero master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cloning with branches' '
+  test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo*" &&
+
+  (
+  cd hgrepo &&
+  hg branch next &&
+  echo next > content &&
+  hg commit -m next
+  ) &&
+
+  git clone "hg::$PWD/hgrepo" gitrepo &&
+  check gitrepo next next &&
+
+  (cd hgrepo && hg checkout default) &&
+
+  git clone "hg::$PWD/hgrepo" gitrepo2 &&
+  check gitrepo2 zero master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cloning with bookmarks' '
+  test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo*" &&
+
+  (
+  cd hgrepo &&
+  hg bookmark feature-a &&
+  echo feature-a > content &&
+  hg commit -m feature-a
+  ) &&
+
+  git clone "hg::$PWD/hgrepo" gitrepo &&
+  check gitrepo feature-a feature-a
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cloning with detached head' '
+  test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo*" &&
+
+  (
+  cd hgrepo &&
+  hg update -r 0
+  ) &&
+
+  git clone "hg::$PWD/hgrepo" gitrepo &&
+  check gitrepo zero master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update bookmark' '
+  test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo*" &&
+
+  (
+  cd hgrepo &&
+  hg bookmark devel
+  ) &&
+
+  (
+  git clone "hg::$PWD/hgrepo" gitrepo &&
+  cd gitrepo &&
+  git checkout devel &&
+  echo devel > content &&
+  git commit -a -m devel &&
+  git push
+  ) &&
+
+  hg -R hgrepo bookmarks | egrep "devel[	 ]+3:"
+'
+
+author_test () {
+  echo $1 >> content &&
+  hg commit -u "$2" -m "add $1" &&
+  echo "$3" >> ../expected
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'authors' '
+  mkdir -p tmp && cd tmp &&
+  test_when_finished "cd .. && rm -rf tmp" &&
+
+  (
+  hg init hgrepo &&
+  cd hgrepo &&
+
+  touch content &&
+  hg add content &&
+
+  author_test alpha "" "H G Wells <wells@example.com>" &&
+  author_test beta "test" "test <unknown>" &&
+  author_test beta "test <test@example.com> (comment)" "test <test@example.com>" &&
+  author_test gamma "<test@example.com>" "Unknown <test@example.com>" &&
+  author_test delta "name<test@example.com>" "name <test@example.com>" &&
+  author_test epsilon "name <test@example.com" "name <test@example.com>" &&
+  author_test zeta " test " "test <unknown>" &&
+  author_test eta "test < test@example.com >" "test <test@example.com>" &&
+  author_test theta "test >test@example.com>" "test <test@example.com>" &&
+  author_test iota "test < test <at> example <dot> com>" "test <unknown>" &&
+  author_test kappa "test@example.com" "Unknown <test@example.com>"
+  ) &&
+
+  git clone "hg::$PWD/hgrepo" gitrepo &&
+  git --git-dir=gitrepo/.git log --reverse --format="%an <%ae>" > actual &&
+
+  test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/contrib/stats/mailmap.pl b/contrib/stats/mailmap.pl
index 4b852e2..9513f5e 100755
--- a/contrib/stats/mailmap.pl
+++ b/contrib/stats/mailmap.pl
@@ -1,38 +1,70 @@
-#!/usr/bin/perl -w
-my %mailmap = ();
-open I, "<", ".mailmap";
-while (<I>) {
-	chomp;
-	next if /^#/;
-	if (my ($author, $mail) = /^(.*?)\s+<(.+)>$/) {
-		$mailmap{$mail} = $author;
-	}
-}
-close I;
+#!/usr/bin/perl
 
-my %mail2author = ();
-open I, "git log --pretty='format:%ae	%an' |";
-while (<I>) {
-	chomp;
-	my ($mail, $author) = split(/\t/, $_);
-	next if exists $mailmap{$mail};
-	$mail2author{$mail} ||= {};
-	$mail2author{$mail}{$author} ||= 0;
-	$mail2author{$mail}{$author}++;
-}
-close I;
+use warnings 'all';
+use strict;
+use Getopt::Long;
 
-while (my ($mail, $authorcount) = each %mail2author) {
-	# %$authorcount is ($author => $count);
-	# sort and show the names from the most frequent ones.
-	my @names = (map { $_->[0] }
-		sort { $b->[1] <=> $a->[1] }
-		map { [$_, $authorcount->{$_}] }
-		keys %$authorcount);
-	if (1 < @names) {
-		for (@names) {
-			print "$_ <$mail>\n";
+my $match_emails;
+my $match_names;
+my $order_by = 'count';
+Getopt::Long::Configure(qw(bundling));
+GetOptions(
+	'emails|e!' => \$match_emails,
+	'names|n!'  => \$match_names,
+	'count|c'   => sub { $order_by = 'count' },
+	'time|t'    => sub { $order_by = 'stamp' },
+) or exit 1;
+$match_emails = 1 unless $match_names;
+
+my $email = {};
+my $name = {};
+
+open(my $fh, '-|', "git log --format='%at <%aE> %aN'");
+while(<$fh>) {
+	my ($t, $e, $n) = /(\S+) <(\S+)> (.*)/;
+	mark($email, $e, $n, $t);
+	mark($name, $n, $e, $t);
+}
+close($fh);
+
+if ($match_emails) {
+	foreach my $e (dups($email)) {
+		foreach my $n (vals($email->{$e})) {
+			show($n, $e, $email->{$e}->{$n});
 		}
+		print "\n";
 	}
 }
+if ($match_names) {
+	foreach my $n (dups($name)) {
+		foreach my $e (vals($name->{$n})) {
+			show($n, $e, $name->{$n}->{$e});
+		}
+		print "\n";
+	}
+}
+exit 0;
 
+sub mark {
+	my ($h, $k, $v, $t) = @_;
+	my $e = $h->{$k}->{$v} ||= { count => 0, stamp => 0 };
+	$e->{count}++;
+	$e->{stamp} = $t unless $t < $e->{stamp};
+}
+
+sub dups {
+	my $h = shift;
+	return grep { keys($h->{$_}) > 1 } keys($h);
+}
+
+sub vals {
+	my $h = shift;
+	return sort {
+		$h->{$b}->{$order_by} <=> $h->{$a}->{$order_by}
+	} keys($h);
+}
+
+sub show {
+	my ($n, $e, $h) = @_;
+	print "$n <$e> ($h->{$order_by})\n";
+}
diff --git a/contrib/subtree/.gitignore b/contrib/subtree/.gitignore
index 7e77c9d..91360a3 100644
--- a/contrib/subtree/.gitignore
+++ b/contrib/subtree/.gitignore
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 *~
+git-subtree
 git-subtree.xml
 git-subtree.1
 mainline
diff --git a/contrib/subtree/Makefile b/contrib/subtree/Makefile
index 05cdd5c..b507505 100644
--- a/contrib/subtree/Makefile
+++ b/contrib/subtree/Makefile
@@ -30,12 +30,13 @@
 doc: $(GIT_SUBTREE_DOC)
 
 install: $(GIT_SUBTREE)
-	$(INSTALL) -m 755 $(GIT_SUBTREE) $(libexecdir)
+	$(INSTALL) -m 755 $(GIT_SUBTREE) $(DESTDIR)$(libexecdir)
 
 install-doc: install-man
 
 install-man: $(GIT_SUBTREE_DOC)
-	$(INSTALL) -m 644 $^ $(man1dir)
+	$(INSTALL) -d -m 755 $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)
+	$(INSTALL) -m 644 $^ $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)
 
 $(GIT_SUBTREE_DOC): $(GIT_SUBTREE_XML)
 	xmlto -m $(MANPAGE_NORMAL_XSL)  man $^
diff --git a/contrib/subtree/git-subtree.sh b/contrib/subtree/git-subtree.sh
index 920c664..51ae932 100755
--- a/contrib/subtree/git-subtree.sh
+++ b/contrib/subtree/git-subtree.sh
Binary files differ
diff --git a/contrib/subtree/git-subtree.txt b/contrib/subtree/git-subtree.txt
index 0c44fda..7ba853e 100644
--- a/contrib/subtree/git-subtree.txt
+++ b/contrib/subtree/git-subtree.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git subtree' add   -P <prefix> <commit>
+'git subtree' add   -P <prefix> <refspec>
+'git subtree' add   -P <prefix> <repository> <refspec>
 'git subtree' pull  -P <prefix> <repository> <refspec...>
 'git subtree' push  -P <prefix> <repository> <refspec...>
 'git subtree' merge -P <prefix> <commit>
@@ -93,7 +94,7 @@
 	repository.
 	
 push::
-	Does a 'split' (see above) using the <prefix> supplied
+	Does a 'split' (see below) using the <prefix> supplied
 	and then does a 'git push' to push the result to the 
 	repository and refspec. This can be used to push your
 	subtree to different branches of the remote repository.
diff --git a/contrib/subtree/t/t7900-subtree.sh b/contrib/subtree/t/t7900-subtree.sh
index bc2eeb0..b0f8536 100755
--- a/contrib/subtree/t/t7900-subtree.sh
+++ b/contrib/subtree/t/t7900-subtree.sh
@@ -60,7 +60,6 @@
 	git log --pretty=format:%s -1
 }
 
-# 1
 test_expect_success 'init subproj' '
         test_create_repo subproj
 '
@@ -68,7 +67,6 @@
 # To the subproject!
 cd subproj
 
-# 2
 test_expect_success 'add sub1' '
         create sub1 &&
         git commit -m "sub1" &&
@@ -76,14 +74,16 @@
         git branch -m master subproj
 '
 
-# 3
+# Save this hash for testing later.
+
+subdir_hash=`git rev-parse HEAD`
+
 test_expect_success 'add sub2' '
         create sub2 &&
         git commit -m "sub2" &&
         git branch sub2
 '
 
-# 4
 test_expect_success 'add sub3' '
         create sub3 &&
         git commit -m "sub3" &&
@@ -93,7 +93,6 @@
 # Back to mainline
 cd ..
 
-# 5
 test_expect_success 'add main4' '
         create main4 &&
         git commit -m "main4" &&
@@ -101,101 +100,85 @@
         git branch subdir
 '
 
-# 6
 test_expect_success 'fetch subproj history' '
         git fetch ./subproj sub1 &&
         git branch sub1 FETCH_HEAD
 '
 
-# 7
 test_expect_success 'no subtree exists in main tree' '
         test_must_fail git subtree merge --prefix=subdir sub1
 '
 
-# 8
 test_expect_success 'no pull from non-existant subtree' '
         test_must_fail git subtree pull --prefix=subdir ./subproj sub1
 '
 
-# 9
 test_expect_success 'check if --message works for add' '
         git subtree add --prefix=subdir --message="Added subproject" sub1 &&
         check_equal ''"$(last_commit_message)"'' "Added subproject" &&
         undo
 '
 
-# 10
 test_expect_success 'check if --message works as -m and --prefix as -P' '
         git subtree add -P subdir -m "Added subproject using git subtree" sub1 &&
         check_equal ''"$(last_commit_message)"'' "Added subproject using git subtree" &&
         undo
 '
 
-# 11
 test_expect_success 'check if --message works with squash too' '
         git subtree add -P subdir -m "Added subproject with squash" --squash sub1 &&
         check_equal ''"$(last_commit_message)"'' "Added subproject with squash" &&
         undo
 '
 
-# 12
 test_expect_success 'add subproj to mainline' '
         git subtree add --prefix=subdir/ FETCH_HEAD &&
         check_equal ''"$(last_commit_message)"'' "Add '"'subdir/'"' from commit '"'"'''"$(git rev-parse sub1)"'''"'"'"
 '
 
-# 13
 # this shouldn't actually do anything, since FETCH_HEAD is already a parent
 test_expect_success 'merge fetched subproj' '
         git merge -m "merge -s -ours" -s ours FETCH_HEAD
 '
 
-# 14
 test_expect_success 'add main-sub5' '
         create subdir/main-sub5 &&
         git commit -m "main-sub5"
 '
 
-# 15
 test_expect_success 'add main6' '
         create main6 &&
         git commit -m "main6 boring"
 '
 
-# 16
 test_expect_success 'add main-sub7' '
         create subdir/main-sub7 &&
         git commit -m "main-sub7"
 '
 
-# 17
 test_expect_success 'fetch new subproj history' '
         git fetch ./subproj sub2 &&
         git branch sub2 FETCH_HEAD
 '
 
-# 18
 test_expect_success 'check if --message works for merge' '
         git subtree merge --prefix=subdir -m "Merged changes from subproject" sub2 &&
         check_equal ''"$(last_commit_message)"'' "Merged changes from subproject" &&
         undo
 '
 
-# 19
 test_expect_success 'check if --message for merge works with squash too' '
         git subtree merge --prefix subdir -m "Merged changes from subproject using squash" --squash sub2 &&
         check_equal ''"$(last_commit_message)"'' "Merged changes from subproject using squash" &&
         undo
 '
 
-# 20
 test_expect_success 'merge new subproj history into subdir' '
         git subtree merge --prefix=subdir FETCH_HEAD &&
         git branch pre-split &&
         check_equal ''"$(last_commit_message)"'' "Merge commit '"'"'"$(git rev-parse sub2)"'"'"' into mainline"
 '
 
-# 21
 test_expect_success 'Check that prefix argument is required for split' '
         echo "You must provide the --prefix option." > expected &&
         test_must_fail git subtree split > actual 2>&1 &&
@@ -207,7 +190,6 @@
         rm -f expected actual
 '
 
-# 22
 test_expect_success 'Check that the <prefix> exists for a split' '
         echo "'"'"'non-existent-directory'"'"'" does not exist\; use "'"'"'git subtree add'"'"'" > expected &&
         test_must_fail git subtree split --prefix=non-existent-directory > actual 2>&1 &&
@@ -219,7 +201,6 @@
 #        rm -f expected actual
 '
 
-# 23
 test_expect_success 'check if --message works for split+rejoin' '
         spl1=''"$(git subtree split --annotate='"'*'"' --prefix subdir --onto FETCH_HEAD --message "Split & rejoin" --rejoin)"'' &&
         git branch spl1 "$spl1" &&
@@ -227,15 +208,24 @@
         undo
 '
 
-# 24
 test_expect_success 'check split with --branch' '
-        spl1=$(git subtree split --annotate='"'*'"' --prefix subdir --onto FETCH_HEAD --message "Split & rejoin" --rejoin) &&
-        undo &&
-        git subtree split --annotate='"'*'"' --prefix subdir --onto FETCH_HEAD --branch splitbr1 &&
-        check_equal ''"$(git rev-parse splitbr1)"'' "$spl1"
+	spl1=$(git subtree split --annotate='"'*'"' --prefix subdir --onto FETCH_HEAD --message "Split & rejoin" --rejoin) &&
+	undo &&
+	git subtree split --annotate='"'*'"' --prefix subdir --onto FETCH_HEAD --branch splitbr1 &&
+	check_equal ''"$(git rev-parse splitbr1)"'' "$spl1"
 '
 
-# 25
+test_expect_success 'check hash of split' '
+	spl1=$(git subtree split --prefix subdir) &&
+	undo &&
+	git subtree split --prefix subdir --branch splitbr1test &&
+	check_equal ''"$(git rev-parse splitbr1test)"'' "$spl1"
+	git checkout splitbr1test &&
+	new_hash=$(git rev-parse HEAD~2) &&
+	git checkout mainline &&
+	check_equal ''"$new_hash"'' "$subdir_hash"
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'check split with --branch for an existing branch' '
         spl1=''"$(git subtree split --annotate='"'*'"' --prefix subdir --onto FETCH_HEAD --message "Split & rejoin" --rejoin)"'' &&
         undo &&
@@ -244,13 +234,10 @@
         check_equal ''"$(git rev-parse splitbr2)"'' "$spl1"
 '
 
-# 26
 test_expect_success 'check split with --branch for an incompatible branch' '
         test_must_fail git subtree split --prefix subdir --onto FETCH_HEAD --branch subdir
 '
 
-
-# 27
 test_expect_success 'check split+rejoin' '
         spl1=''"$(git subtree split --annotate='"'*'"' --prefix subdir --onto FETCH_HEAD --message "Split & rejoin" --rejoin)"'' &&
         undo &&
@@ -258,7 +245,6 @@
         check_equal ''"$(last_commit_message)"'' "Split '"'"'subdir/'"'"' into commit '"'"'"$spl1"'"'"'"
 '
 
-# 28
 test_expect_success 'add main-sub8' '
         create subdir/main-sub8 &&
         git commit -m "main-sub8"
@@ -267,14 +253,12 @@
 # To the subproject!
 cd ./subproj
 
-# 29
 test_expect_success 'merge split into subproj' '
         git fetch .. spl1 &&
         git branch spl1 FETCH_HEAD &&
         git merge FETCH_HEAD
 '
 
-# 30
 test_expect_success 'add sub9' '
         create sub9 &&
         git commit -m "sub9"
@@ -283,19 +267,16 @@
 # Back to mainline
 cd ..
 
-# 31
 test_expect_success 'split for sub8' '
         split2=''"$(git subtree split --annotate='"'*'"' --prefix subdir/ --rejoin)"''
         git branch split2 "$split2"
 '
 
-# 32
 test_expect_success 'add main-sub10' '
         create subdir/main-sub10 &&
         git commit -m "main-sub10"
 '
 
-# 33
 test_expect_success 'split for sub10' '
         spl3=''"$(git subtree split --annotate='"'*'"' --prefix subdir --rejoin)"'' &&
         git branch spl3 "$spl3"
@@ -304,7 +285,6 @@
 # To the subproject!
 cd ./subproj
 
-# 34
 test_expect_success 'merge split into subproj' '
         git fetch .. spl3 &&
         git branch spl3 FETCH_HEAD &&
@@ -318,13 +298,11 @@
 chks="sub1 sub2 sub3 sub9"
 chks_sub=$(echo $chks | multiline | sed 's,^,subdir/,' | fixnl)
 
-# 35
 test_expect_success 'make sure exactly the right set of files ends up in the subproj' '
         subfiles=''"$(git ls-files | fixnl)"'' &&
         check_equal "$subfiles" "$chkms $chks"
 '
 
-# 36
 test_expect_success 'make sure the subproj history *only* contains commits that affect the subdir' '
         allchanges=''"$(git log --name-only --pretty=format:'"''"' | sort | fixnl)"'' &&
         check_equal "$allchanges" "$chkms $chks"
@@ -333,20 +311,17 @@
 # Back to mainline
 cd ..
 
-# 37
 test_expect_success 'pull from subproj' '
         git fetch ./subproj subproj-merge-spl3 &&
         git branch subproj-merge-spl3 FETCH_HEAD &&
         git subtree pull --prefix=subdir ./subproj subproj-merge-spl3
 '
 
-# 38
 test_expect_success 'make sure exactly the right set of files ends up in the mainline' '
         mainfiles=''"$(git ls-files | fixnl)"'' &&
         check_equal "$mainfiles" "$chkm $chkms_sub $chks_sub"
 '
 
-# 39
 test_expect_success 'make sure each filename changed exactly once in the entire history' '
         # main-sub?? and /subdir/main-sub?? both change, because those are the
         # changes that were split into their own history.  And subdir/sub?? never
@@ -355,12 +330,10 @@
         check_equal "$allchanges" ''"$(echo $chkms $chkm $chks $chkms_sub | multiline | sort | fixnl)"''
 '
 
-# 40
 test_expect_success 'make sure the --rejoin commits never make it into subproj' '
         check_equal ''"$(git log --pretty=format:'"'%s'"' HEAD^2 | grep -i split)"'' ""
 '
 
-# 41
 test_expect_success 'make sure no "git subtree" tagged commits make it into subproj' '
         # They are meaningless to subproj since one side of the merge refers to the mainline
         check_equal ''"$(git log --pretty=format:'"'%s%n%b'"' HEAD^2 | grep "git-subtree.*:")"'' ""
@@ -370,14 +343,12 @@
 mkdir test2
 cd test2
 
-# 42
 test_expect_success 'init main' '
         test_create_repo main
 '
 
 cd main
 
-# 43
 test_expect_success 'add main1' '
         create main1 &&
         git commit -m "main1"
@@ -385,14 +356,12 @@
 
 cd ..
 
-# 44
 test_expect_success 'init sub' '
         test_create_repo sub
 '
 
 cd sub
 
-# 45
 test_expect_success 'add sub2' '
         create sub2 &&
         git commit -m "sub2"
@@ -402,7 +371,6 @@
 
 # check if split can find proper base without --onto
 
-# 46
 test_expect_success 'add sub as subdir in main' '
         git fetch ../sub master &&
         git branch sub2 FETCH_HEAD &&
@@ -411,7 +379,6 @@
 
 cd ../sub
 
-# 47
 test_expect_success 'add sub3' '
         create sub3 &&
         git commit -m "sub3"
@@ -419,20 +386,17 @@
 
 cd ../main
 
-# 48
 test_expect_success 'merge from sub' '
         git fetch ../sub master &&
         git branch sub3 FETCH_HEAD &&
         git subtree merge --prefix subdir sub3
 '
 
-# 49
 test_expect_success 'add main-sub4' '
         create subdir/main-sub4 &&
         git commit -m "main-sub4"
 '
 
-# 50
 test_expect_success 'split for main-sub4 without --onto' '
         git subtree split --prefix subdir --branch mainsub4
 '
@@ -442,23 +406,20 @@
 # have been sub3, but it was not, because its cache was not set to
 # itself)
 
-# 51
 test_expect_success 'check that the commit parent is sub3' '
         check_equal ''"$(git log --pretty=format:%P -1 mainsub4)"'' ''"$(git rev-parse sub3)"''
 '
 
-# 52
 test_expect_success 'add main-sub5' '
         mkdir subdir2 &&
         create subdir2/main-sub5 &&
         git commit -m "main-sub5"
 '
 
-# 53
 test_expect_success 'split for main-sub5 without --onto' '
         # also test that we still can split out an entirely new subtree
         # if the parent of the first commit in the tree is not empty,
-        # then the new subtree has accidently been attached to something
+	# then the new subtree has accidentally been attached to something
         git subtree split --prefix subdir2 --branch mainsub5 &&
         check_equal ''"$(git log --pretty=format:%P -1 mainsub5)"'' ""
 '
@@ -487,7 +448,6 @@
 	echo "$commit $all"
 }
 
-# 54
 test_expect_success 'verify one file change per commit' '
         x= &&
         list=''"$(git log --pretty=format:'"'commit: %H'"' | joincommits)"'' &&
diff --git a/contrib/svn-fe/svn-fe.c b/contrib/svn-fe/svn-fe.c
index 35db24f..f363505 100644
--- a/contrib/svn-fe/svn-fe.c
+++ b/contrib/svn-fe/svn-fe.c
@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@
 {
 	if (svndump_init(NULL))
 		return 1;
-	svndump_read((argc > 1) ? argv[1] : NULL);
+	svndump_read((argc > 1) ? argv[1] : NULL, "refs/heads/master",
+			"refs/notes/svn/revs");
 	svndump_deinit();
 	svndump_reset();
 	return 0;
diff --git a/contrib/svn-fe/svnrdump_sim.py b/contrib/svn-fe/svnrdump_sim.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4e78a1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/svn-fe/svnrdump_sim.py
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+"""
+Simulates svnrdump by replaying an existing dump from a file, taking care
+of the specified revision range.
+To simulate incremental imports the environment variable SVNRMAX can be set
+to the highest revision that should be available.
+"""
+import sys, os
+
+if sys.hexversion < 0x02040000:
+        # The limiter is the ValueError() calls. This may be too conservative
+        sys.stderr.write("svnrdump-sim.py: requires Python 2.4 or later.\n")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+def getrevlimit():
+        var = 'SVNRMAX'
+        if var in os.environ:
+                return os.environ[var]
+        return None
+
+def writedump(url, lower, upper):
+        if url.startswith('sim://'):
+                filename = url[6:]
+                if filename[-1] == '/': filename = filename[:-1] #remove terminating slash
+        else:
+                raise ValueError('sim:// url required')
+        f = open(filename, 'r');
+        state = 'header'
+        wroterev = False
+        while(True):
+                l = f.readline()
+                if l == '': break
+                if state == 'header' and l.startswith('Revision-number: '):
+                        state = 'prefix'
+                if state == 'prefix' and l == 'Revision-number: %s\n' % lower:
+                        state = 'selection'
+                if not upper == 'HEAD' and state == 'selection' and l == 'Revision-number: %s\n' % upper:
+                        break;
+
+                if state == 'header' or state == 'selection':
+                        if state == 'selection': wroterev = True
+                        sys.stdout.write(l)
+        return wroterev
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+        if not (len(sys.argv) in (3, 4, 5)):
+                print("usage: %s dump URL -rLOWER:UPPER")
+                sys.exit(1)
+        if not sys.argv[1] == 'dump': raise NotImplementedError('only "dump" is suppported.')
+        url = sys.argv[2]
+        r = ('0', 'HEAD')
+        if len(sys.argv) == 4 and sys.argv[3][0:2] == '-r':
+                r = sys.argv[3][2:].lstrip().split(':')
+        if not getrevlimit() is None: r[1] = getrevlimit()
+        if writedump(url, r[0], r[1]): ret = 0
+        else: ret = 1
+        sys.exit(ret)
diff --git a/contrib/vim/README b/contrib/vim/README
index fca1e17..8f16d06 100644
--- a/contrib/vim/README
+++ b/contrib/vim/README
@@ -17,16 +17,6 @@
 
   1. Copy these files to vim's syntax directory $HOME/.vim/syntax
   2. To auto-detect the editing of various git-related filetypes:
-	$ cat >>$HOME/.vim/filetype.vim <<'EOF'
-	autocmd BufNewFile,BufRead *.git/COMMIT_EDITMSG    setf gitcommit
-	autocmd BufNewFile,BufRead *.git/config,.gitconfig setf gitconfig
-	autocmd BufNewFile,BufRead git-rebase-todo         setf gitrebase
-	autocmd BufNewFile,BufRead .msg.[0-9]*
-		\ if getline(1) =~ '^From.*# This line is ignored.$' |
-		\   setf gitsendemail |
-		\ endif
-	autocmd BufNewFile,BufRead *.git/**
-		\ if getline(1) =~ '^\x\{40\}\>\|^ref: ' |
-		\   setf git |
-		\ endif
-	EOF
+
+	$ curl http://ftp.vim.org/pub/vim/runtime/filetype.vim |
+		sed -ne '/^" Git$/, /^$/ p' >>$HOME/.vim/filetype.vim
diff --git a/convert.c b/convert.c
index 6602155..2a2e46c 100644
--- a/convert.c
+++ b/convert.c
@@ -153,36 +153,13 @@
 
 static int has_cr_in_index(const char *path)
 {
-	int pos, len;
 	unsigned long sz;
-	enum object_type type;
 	void *data;
 	int has_cr;
-	struct index_state *istate = &the_index;
 
-	len = strlen(path);
-	pos = index_name_pos(istate, path, len);
-	if (pos < 0) {
-		/*
-		 * We might be in the middle of a merge, in which
-		 * case we would read stage #2 (ours).
-		 */
-		int i;
-		for (i = -pos - 1;
-		     (pos < 0 && i < istate->cache_nr &&
-		      !strcmp(istate->cache[i]->name, path));
-		     i++)
-			if (ce_stage(istate->cache[i]) == 2)
-				pos = i;
-	}
-	if (pos < 0)
+	data = read_blob_data_from_cache(path, &sz);
+	if (!data)
 		return 0;
-	data = read_sha1_file(istate->cache[pos]->sha1, &type, &sz);
-	if (!data || type != OBJ_BLOB) {
-		free(data);
-		return 0;
-	}
-
 	has_cr = memchr(data, '\r', sz) != NULL;
 	free(data);
 	return has_cr;
@@ -457,7 +434,7 @@
 
 static int read_convert_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
-	const char *ep, *name;
+	const char *key, *name;
 	int namelen;
 	struct convert_driver *drv;
 
@@ -465,10 +442,8 @@
 	 * External conversion drivers are configured using
 	 * "filter.<name>.variable".
 	 */
-	if (prefixcmp(var, "filter.") || (ep = strrchr(var, '.')) == var + 6)
+	if (parse_config_key(var, "filter", &name, &namelen, &key) < 0 || !name)
 		return 0;
-	name = var + 7;
-	namelen = ep - name;
 	for (drv = user_convert; drv; drv = drv->next)
 		if (!strncmp(drv->name, name, namelen) && !drv->name[namelen])
 			break;
@@ -479,8 +454,6 @@
 		user_convert_tail = &(drv->next);
 	}
 
-	ep++;
-
 	/*
 	 * filter.<name>.smudge and filter.<name>.clean specifies
 	 * the command line:
@@ -490,13 +463,13 @@
 	 * The command-line will not be interpolated in any way.
 	 */
 
-	if (!strcmp("smudge", ep))
+	if (!strcmp("smudge", key))
 		return git_config_string(&drv->smudge, var, value);
 
-	if (!strcmp("clean", ep))
+	if (!strcmp("clean", key))
 		return git_config_string(&drv->clean, var, value);
 
-	if (!strcmp("required", ep)) {
+	if (!strcmp("required", key)) {
 		drv->required = git_config_bool(var, value);
 		return 0;
 	}
diff --git a/credential.c b/credential.c
index 62d1c56..e54753c 100644
--- a/credential.c
+++ b/credential.c
@@ -172,6 +172,8 @@
 		} else if (!strcmp(key, "path")) {
 			free(c->path);
 			c->path = xstrdup(value);
+		} else if (!strcmp(key, "url")) {
+			credential_from_url(c, value);
 		}
 		/*
 		 * Ignore other lines; we don't know what they mean, but
@@ -191,7 +193,7 @@
 	fprintf(fp, "%s=%s\n", key, value);
 }
 
-static void credential_write(const struct credential *c, FILE *fp)
+void credential_write(const struct credential *c, FILE *fp)
 {
 	credential_write_item(fp, "protocol", c->protocol);
 	credential_write_item(fp, "host", c->host);
diff --git a/credential.h b/credential.h
index 96ea41b..0c3e85e 100644
--- a/credential.h
+++ b/credential.h
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 void credential_reject(struct credential *);
 
 int credential_read(struct credential *, FILE *);
+void credential_write(const struct credential *, FILE *);
 void credential_from_url(struct credential *, const char *url);
 int credential_match(const struct credential *have,
 		     const struct credential *want);
diff --git a/ctype.c b/ctype.c
index 9353271..0bfebb4 100644
--- a/ctype.c
+++ b/ctype.c
@@ -11,18 +11,21 @@
 	D = GIT_DIGIT,
 	G = GIT_GLOB_SPECIAL,	/* *, ?, [, \\ */
 	R = GIT_REGEX_SPECIAL,	/* $, (, ), +, ., ^, {, | */
-	P = GIT_PATHSPEC_MAGIC  /* other non-alnum, except for ] and } */
+	P = GIT_PATHSPEC_MAGIC, /* other non-alnum, except for ] and } */
+	X = GIT_CNTRL,
+	U = GIT_PUNCT,
+	Z = GIT_CNTRL | GIT_SPACE
 };
 
-unsigned char sane_ctype[256] = {
-	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, S, S, 0, 0, S, 0, 0,		/*   0.. 15 */
-	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,		/*  16.. 31 */
+const unsigned char sane_ctype[256] = {
+	X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, Z, Z, X, X, Z, X, X,		/*   0.. 15 */
+	X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X,		/*  16.. 31 */
 	S, P, P, P, R, P, P, P, R, R, G, R, P, P, R, P,		/*  32.. 47 */
 	D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, P, P, P, P, P, G,		/*  48.. 63 */
 	P, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A,		/*  64.. 79 */
-	A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, G, G, 0, R, P,		/*  80.. 95 */
+	A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, G, G, U, R, P,		/*  80.. 95 */
 	P, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A,		/*  96..111 */
-	A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, R, R, 0, P, 0,		/* 112..127 */
+	A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, R, R, U, P, X,		/* 112..127 */
 	/* Nothing in the 128.. range */
 };
 
diff --git a/daemon.c b/daemon.c
index ab21e66..6aeddcb 100644
--- a/daemon.c
+++ b/daemon.c
@@ -9,10 +9,6 @@
 #define HOST_NAME_MAX 256
 #endif
 
-#ifndef NI_MAXSERV
-#define NI_MAXSERV 32
-#endif
-
 #ifdef NO_INITGROUPS
 #define initgroups(x, y) (0) /* nothing */
 #endif
@@ -30,6 +26,7 @@
 "           [--interpolated-path=<path>]\n"
 "           [--reuseaddr] [--pid-file=<file>]\n"
 "           [--(enable|disable|allow-override|forbid-override)=<service>]\n"
+"           [--access-hook=<path>]\n"
 "           [--inetd | [--listen=<host_or_ipaddr>] [--port=<n>]\n"
 "                      [--detach] [--user=<user> [--group=<group>]]\n"
 "           [<directory>...]";
@@ -256,6 +253,71 @@
 	return -1;
 }
 
+static char *access_hook;
+
+static int run_access_hook(struct daemon_service *service, const char *dir, const char *path)
+{
+	struct child_process child;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *argv[8];
+	const char **arg = argv;
+	char *eol;
+	int seen_errors = 0;
+
+#define STRARG(x) ((x) ? (x) : "")
+	*arg++ = access_hook;
+	*arg++ = service->name;
+	*arg++ = path;
+	*arg++ = STRARG(hostname);
+	*arg++ = STRARG(canon_hostname);
+	*arg++ = STRARG(ip_address);
+	*arg++ = STRARG(tcp_port);
+	*arg = NULL;
+#undef STRARG
+
+	memset(&child, 0, sizeof(child));
+	child.use_shell = 1;
+	child.argv = argv;
+	child.no_stdin = 1;
+	child.no_stderr = 1;
+	child.out = -1;
+	if (start_command(&child)) {
+		logerror("daemon access hook '%s' failed to start",
+			 access_hook);
+		goto error_return;
+	}
+	if (strbuf_read(&buf, child.out, 0) < 0) {
+		logerror("failed to read from pipe to daemon access hook '%s'",
+			 access_hook);
+		strbuf_reset(&buf);
+		seen_errors = 1;
+	}
+	if (close(child.out) < 0) {
+		logerror("failed to close pipe to daemon access hook '%s'",
+			 access_hook);
+		seen_errors = 1;
+	}
+	if (finish_command(&child))
+		seen_errors = 1;
+
+	if (!seen_errors) {
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+error_return:
+	strbuf_ltrim(&buf);
+	if (!buf.len)
+		strbuf_addstr(&buf, "service rejected");
+	eol = strchr(buf.buf, '\n');
+	if (eol)
+		*eol = '\0';
+	errno = EACCES;
+	daemon_error(dir, buf.buf);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	return -1;
+}
+
 static int run_service(char *dir, struct daemon_service *service)
 {
 	const char *path;
@@ -304,6 +366,13 @@
 	}
 
 	/*
+	 * Optionally, a hook can choose to deny access to the
+	 * repository depending on the phase of the moon.
+	 */
+	if (access_hook && run_access_hook(service, dir, path))
+		return -1;
+
+	/*
 	 * We'll ignore SIGTERM from now on, we have a
 	 * good client.
 	 */
@@ -531,7 +600,7 @@
 
 static int execute(void)
 {
-	static char line[1000];
+	char *line = packet_buffer;
 	int pktlen, len, i;
 	char *addr = getenv("REMOTE_ADDR"), *port = getenv("REMOTE_PORT");
 
@@ -539,7 +608,7 @@
 		loginfo("Connection from %s:%s", addr, port);
 
 	alarm(init_timeout ? init_timeout : timeout);
-	pktlen = packet_read_line(0, line, sizeof(line));
+	pktlen = packet_read(0, NULL, NULL, packet_buffer, sizeof(packet_buffer), 0);
 	alarm(0);
 
 	len = strlen(line);
@@ -1142,6 +1211,10 @@
 			export_all_trees = 1;
 			continue;
 		}
+		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--access-hook=")) {
+			access_hook = arg + 14;
+			continue;
+		}
 		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--timeout=")) {
 			timeout = atoi(arg+10);
 			continue;
diff --git a/date.c b/date.c
index 1fdcf7c..df20d0b 100644
--- a/date.c
+++ b/date.c
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@
 		 * sense to specify timestamp way into the future.  Make
 		 * sure it is not later than ten days from now...
 		 */
-		if (now + 10*24*3600 < specified)
+		if ((specified != -1) && (now + 10*24*3600 < specified))
 			return 0;
 		tm->tm_mon = r->tm_mon;
 		tm->tm_mday = r->tm_mday;
@@ -624,7 +624,7 @@
 	unsigned long stamp;
 	int ofs;
 
-	if (*date < '0' || '9' <= *date)
+	if (*date < '0' || '9' < *date)
 		return -1;
 	stamp = strtoul(date, &end, 10);
 	if (*end != ' ' || stamp == ULONG_MAX || (end[1] != '+' && end[1] != '-'))
@@ -694,8 +694,14 @@
 
 	/* mktime uses local timezone */
 	*timestamp = tm_to_time_t(&tm);
-	if (*offset == -1)
-		*offset = ((time_t)*timestamp - mktime(&tm)) / 60;
+	if (*offset == -1) {
+		time_t temp_time = mktime(&tm);
+		if ((time_t)*timestamp > temp_time) {
+			*offset = ((time_t)*timestamp - temp_time) / 60;
+		} else {
+			*offset = -(int)((temp_time - (time_t)*timestamp) / 60);
+		}
+	}
 
 	if (*timestamp == -1)
 		return -1;
diff --git a/diff-lib.c b/diff-lib.c
index fc0dff3..f35de0f 100644
--- a/diff-lib.c
+++ b/diff-lib.c
@@ -206,7 +206,8 @@
 			if (silent_on_removed)
 				continue;
 			diff_addremove(&revs->diffopt, '-', ce->ce_mode,
-				       ce->sha1, ce->name, 0);
+				       ce->sha1, !is_null_sha1(ce->sha1),
+				       ce->name, 0);
 			continue;
 		}
 		changed = match_stat_with_submodule(&revs->diffopt, ce, &st,
@@ -220,6 +221,7 @@
 		newmode = ce_mode_from_stat(ce, st.st_mode);
 		diff_change(&revs->diffopt, oldmode, newmode,
 			    ce->sha1, (changed ? null_sha1 : ce->sha1),
+			    !is_null_sha1(ce->sha1), (changed ? 0 : !is_null_sha1(ce->sha1)),
 			    ce->name, 0, dirty_submodule);
 
 	}
@@ -236,11 +238,12 @@
 static void diff_index_show_file(struct rev_info *revs,
 				 const char *prefix,
 				 struct cache_entry *ce,
-				 const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned int mode,
+				 const unsigned char *sha1, int sha1_valid,
+				 unsigned int mode,
 				 unsigned dirty_submodule)
 {
 	diff_addremove(&revs->diffopt, prefix[0], mode,
-		       sha1, ce->name, dirty_submodule);
+		       sha1, sha1_valid, ce->name, dirty_submodule);
 }
 
 static int get_stat_data(struct cache_entry *ce,
@@ -295,7 +298,7 @@
 	    &dirty_submodule, &revs->diffopt) < 0)
 		return;
 
-	diff_index_show_file(revs, "+", new, sha1, mode, dirty_submodule);
+	diff_index_show_file(revs, "+", new, sha1, !is_null_sha1(sha1), mode, dirty_submodule);
 }
 
 static int show_modified(struct rev_info *revs,
@@ -312,7 +315,7 @@
 			  &dirty_submodule, &revs->diffopt) < 0) {
 		if (report_missing)
 			diff_index_show_file(revs, "-", old,
-					     old->sha1, old->ce_mode, 0);
+					     old->sha1, 1, old->ce_mode, 0);
 		return -1;
 	}
 
@@ -347,7 +350,8 @@
 		return 0;
 
 	diff_change(&revs->diffopt, oldmode, mode,
-		    old->sha1, sha1, old->name, 0, dirty_submodule);
+		    old->sha1, sha1, 1, !is_null_sha1(sha1),
+		    old->name, 0, dirty_submodule);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -380,7 +384,7 @@
 		struct diff_filepair *pair;
 		pair = diff_unmerge(&revs->diffopt, idx->name);
 		if (tree)
-			fill_filespec(pair->one, tree->sha1, tree->ce_mode);
+			fill_filespec(pair->one, tree->sha1, 1, tree->ce_mode);
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -396,7 +400,7 @@
 	 * Something removed from the tree?
 	 */
 	if (!idx) {
-		diff_index_show_file(revs, "-", tree, tree->sha1, tree->ce_mode, 0);
+		diff_index_show_file(revs, "-", tree, tree->sha1, 1, tree->ce_mode, 0);
 		return;
 	}
 
diff --git a/diff-no-index.c b/diff-no-index.c
index f0b0010..74da659 100644
--- a/diff-no-index.c
+++ b/diff-no-index.c
@@ -32,6 +32,13 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
+/*
+ * This should be "(standard input)" or something, but it will
+ * probably expose many more breakages in the way no-index code
+ * is bolted onto the diff callchain.
+ */
+static const char file_from_standard_input[] = "-";
+
 static int get_mode(const char *path, int *mode)
 {
 	struct stat st;
@@ -42,7 +49,7 @@
 	else if (!strcasecmp(path, "nul"))
 		*mode = 0;
 #endif
-	else if (!strcmp(path, "-"))
+	else if (path == file_from_standard_input)
 		*mode = create_ce_mode(0666);
 	else if (lstat(path, &st))
 		return error("Could not access '%s'", path);
@@ -51,6 +58,36 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int populate_from_stdin(struct diff_filespec *s)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	size_t size = 0;
+
+	if (strbuf_read(&buf, 0, 0) < 0)
+		return error("error while reading from stdin %s",
+				     strerror(errno));
+
+	s->should_munmap = 0;
+	s->data = strbuf_detach(&buf, &size);
+	s->size = size;
+	s->should_free = 1;
+	s->is_stdin = 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct diff_filespec *noindex_filespec(const char *name, int mode)
+{
+	struct diff_filespec *s;
+
+	if (!name)
+		name = "/dev/null";
+	s = alloc_filespec(name);
+	fill_filespec(s, null_sha1, 0, mode);
+	if (name == file_from_standard_input)
+		populate_from_stdin(s);
+	return s;
+}
+
 static int queue_diff(struct diff_options *o,
 		      const char *name1, const char *name2)
 {
@@ -137,44 +174,21 @@
 			tmp_c = name1; name1 = name2; name2 = tmp_c;
 		}
 
-		if (!name1)
-			name1 = "/dev/null";
-		if (!name2)
-			name2 = "/dev/null";
-		d1 = alloc_filespec(name1);
-		d2 = alloc_filespec(name2);
-		fill_filespec(d1, null_sha1, mode1);
-		fill_filespec(d2, null_sha1, mode2);
-
+		d1 = noindex_filespec(name1, mode1);
+		d2 = noindex_filespec(name2, mode2);
 		diff_queue(&diff_queued_diff, d1, d2);
 		return 0;
 	}
 }
 
-static int path_outside_repo(const char *path)
-{
-	const char *work_tree;
-	size_t len;
-
-	if (!is_absolute_path(path))
-		return 0;
-	work_tree = get_git_work_tree();
-	if (!work_tree)
-		return 1;
-	len = strlen(work_tree);
-	if (strncmp(path, work_tree, len) ||
-	    (path[len] != '\0' && path[len] != '/'))
-		return 1;
-	return 0;
-}
-
 void diff_no_index(struct rev_info *revs,
 		   int argc, const char **argv,
 		   int nongit, const char *prefix)
 {
-	int i;
+	int i, prefixlen;
 	int no_index = 0;
 	unsigned options = 0;
+	const char *paths[2];
 
 	/* Were we asked to do --no-index explicitly? */
 	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
@@ -197,8 +211,8 @@
 		 * a colourful "diff" replacement.
 		 */
 		if ((argc != i + 2) ||
-		    (!path_outside_repo(argv[i]) &&
-		     !path_outside_repo(argv[i+1])))
+		    (path_inside_repo(prefix, argv[i]) &&
+		     path_inside_repo(prefix, argv[i+1])))
 			return;
 	}
 	if (argc != i + 2)
@@ -224,46 +238,32 @@
 		}
 	}
 
-	/*
-	 * If the user asked for our exit code then don't start a
-	 * pager or we would end up reporting its exit code instead.
-	 */
-	if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(&revs->diffopt, EXIT_WITH_STATUS))
-		setup_pager();
-
-	if (prefix) {
-		int len = strlen(prefix);
-		const char *paths[3];
-		memset(paths, 0, sizeof(paths));
-
-		for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
-			const char *p = argv[argc - 2 + i];
+	prefixlen = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
+	for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+		const char *p = argv[argc - 2 + i];
+		if (!strcmp(p, "-"))
 			/*
-			 * stdin should be spelled as '-'; if you have
-			 * path that is '-', spell it as ./-.
+			 * stdin should be spelled as "-"; if you have
+			 * path that is "-", spell it as "./-".
 			 */
-			p = (strcmp(p, "-")
-			     ? xstrdup(prefix_filename(prefix, len, p))
-			     : p);
-			paths[i] = p;
-		}
-		diff_tree_setup_paths(paths, &revs->diffopt);
+			p = file_from_standard_input;
+		else if (prefixlen)
+			p = xstrdup(prefix_filename(prefix, prefixlen, p));
+		paths[i] = p;
 	}
-	else
-		diff_tree_setup_paths(argv + argc - 2, &revs->diffopt);
 	revs->diffopt.skip_stat_unmatch = 1;
 	if (!revs->diffopt.output_format)
 		revs->diffopt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;
 
-	DIFF_OPT_SET(&revs->diffopt, EXIT_WITH_STATUS);
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&revs->diffopt, NO_INDEX);
 
 	revs->max_count = -2;
-	if (diff_setup_done(&revs->diffopt) < 0)
-		die("diff_setup_done failed");
+	diff_setup_done(&revs->diffopt);
 
-	if (queue_diff(&revs->diffopt, revs->diffopt.pathspec.raw[0],
-		       revs->diffopt.pathspec.raw[1]))
+	setup_diff_pager(&revs->diffopt);
+	DIFF_OPT_SET(&revs->diffopt, EXIT_WITH_STATUS);
+
+	if (queue_diff(&revs->diffopt, paths[0], paths[1]))
 		exit(1);
 	diff_set_mnemonic_prefix(&revs->diffopt, "1/", "2/");
 	diffcore_std(&revs->diffopt);
@@ -273,5 +273,5 @@
 	 * The return code for --no-index imitates diff(1):
 	 * 0 = no changes, 1 = changes, else error
 	 */
-	exit(revs->diffopt.found_changes);
+	exit(diff_result_code(&revs->diffopt, 0));
 }
diff --git a/diff.c b/diff.c
index 1a594df..f0b3e7c 100644
--- a/diff.c
+++ b/diff.c
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #include "sigchain.h"
 #include "submodule.h"
 #include "ll-merge.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
 
 #ifdef NO_FAST_WORKING_DIRECTORY
 #define FAST_WORKING_DIRECTORY 0
@@ -25,7 +26,8 @@
 static int diff_detect_rename_default;
 static int diff_rename_limit_default = 400;
 static int diff_suppress_blank_empty;
-int diff_use_color_default = -1;
+static int diff_use_color_default = -1;
+static int diff_context_default = 3;
 static const char *diff_word_regex_cfg;
 static const char *external_diff_cmd_cfg;
 int diff_auto_refresh_index = 1;
@@ -34,6 +36,7 @@
 static int diff_stat_graph_width;
 static int diff_dirstat_permille_default = 30;
 static struct diff_options default_diff_options;
+static long diff_algorithm;
 
 static char diff_colors[][COLOR_MAXLEN] = {
 	GIT_COLOR_RESET,
@@ -68,26 +71,30 @@
 	return -1;
 }
 
-static int parse_dirstat_params(struct diff_options *options, const char *params,
+static int parse_dirstat_params(struct diff_options *options, const char *params_string,
 				struct strbuf *errmsg)
 {
-	const char *p = params;
-	int p_len, ret = 0;
+	char *params_copy = xstrdup(params_string);
+	struct string_list params = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	int ret = 0;
+	int i;
 
-	while (*p) {
-		p_len = strchrnul(p, ',') - p;
-		if (!memcmp(p, "changes", p_len)) {
+	if (*params_copy)
+		string_list_split_in_place(&params, params_copy, ',', -1);
+	for (i = 0; i < params.nr; i++) {
+		const char *p = params.items[i].string;
+		if (!strcmp(p, "changes")) {
 			DIFF_OPT_CLR(options, DIRSTAT_BY_LINE);
 			DIFF_OPT_CLR(options, DIRSTAT_BY_FILE);
-		} else if (!memcmp(p, "lines", p_len)) {
+		} else if (!strcmp(p, "lines")) {
 			DIFF_OPT_SET(options, DIRSTAT_BY_LINE);
 			DIFF_OPT_CLR(options, DIRSTAT_BY_FILE);
-		} else if (!memcmp(p, "files", p_len)) {
+		} else if (!strcmp(p, "files")) {
 			DIFF_OPT_CLR(options, DIRSTAT_BY_LINE);
 			DIFF_OPT_SET(options, DIRSTAT_BY_FILE);
-		} else if (!memcmp(p, "noncumulative", p_len)) {
+		} else if (!strcmp(p, "noncumulative")) {
 			DIFF_OPT_CLR(options, DIRSTAT_CUMULATIVE);
-		} else if (!memcmp(p, "cumulative", p_len)) {
+		} else if (!strcmp(p, "cumulative")) {
 			DIFF_OPT_SET(options, DIRSTAT_CUMULATIVE);
 		} else if (isdigit(*p)) {
 			char *end;
@@ -99,27 +106,35 @@
 				while (isdigit(*++end))
 					; /* nothing */
 			}
-			if (end - p == p_len)
+			if (!*end)
 				options->dirstat_permille = permille;
 			else {
-				strbuf_addf(errmsg, _("  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%.*s'\n"),
-					    p_len, p);
+				strbuf_addf(errmsg, _("  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%s'\n"),
+					    p);
 				ret++;
 			}
 		} else {
-			strbuf_addf(errmsg, _("  Unknown dirstat parameter '%.*s'\n"),
-				    p_len, p);
+			strbuf_addf(errmsg, _("  Unknown dirstat parameter '%s'\n"), p);
 			ret++;
 		}
 
-		p += p_len;
-
-		if (*p)
-			p++; /* more parameters, swallow separator */
 	}
+	string_list_clear(&params, 0);
+	free(params_copy);
 	return ret;
 }
 
+static int parse_submodule_params(struct diff_options *options, const char *value)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(value, "log"))
+		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, SUBMODULE_LOG);
+	else if (!strcmp(value, "short"))
+		DIFF_OPT_CLR(options, SUBMODULE_LOG);
+	else
+		return -1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static int git_config_rename(const char *var, const char *value)
 {
 	if (!value)
@@ -129,6 +144,21 @@
 	return git_config_bool(var,value) ? DIFF_DETECT_RENAME : 0;
 }
 
+long parse_algorithm_value(const char *value)
+{
+	if (!value)
+		return -1;
+	else if (!strcasecmp(value, "myers") || !strcasecmp(value, "default"))
+		return 0;
+	else if (!strcasecmp(value, "minimal"))
+		return XDF_NEED_MINIMAL;
+	else if (!strcasecmp(value, "patience"))
+		return XDF_PATIENCE_DIFF;
+	else if (!strcasecmp(value, "histogram"))
+		return XDF_HISTOGRAM_DIFF;
+	return -1;
+}
+
 /*
  * These are to give UI layer defaults.
  * The core-level commands such as git-diff-files should
@@ -141,6 +171,12 @@
 		diff_use_color_default = git_config_colorbool(var, value);
 		return 0;
 	}
+	if (!strcmp(var, "diff.context")) {
+		diff_context_default = git_config_int(var, value);
+		if (diff_context_default < 0)
+			return -1;
+		return 0;
+	}
 	if (!strcmp(var, "diff.renames")) {
 		diff_detect_rename_default = git_config_rename(var, value);
 		return 0;
@@ -169,6 +205,20 @@
 	if (!strcmp(var, "diff.ignoresubmodules"))
 		handle_ignore_submodules_arg(&default_diff_options, value);
 
+	if (!strcmp(var, "diff.submodule")) {
+		if (parse_submodule_params(&default_diff_options, value))
+			warning(_("Unknown value for 'diff.submodule' config variable: '%s'"),
+				value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "diff.algorithm")) {
+		diff_algorithm = parse_algorithm_value(value);
+		if (diff_algorithm < 0)
+			return -1;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
 	if (git_color_config(var, value, cb) < 0)
 		return -1;
 
@@ -375,12 +425,7 @@
 	int nofirst;
 	FILE *file = o->file;
 
-	if (o->output_prefix) {
-		struct strbuf *msg = NULL;
-		msg = o->output_prefix(o, o->output_prefix_data);
-		assert(msg);
-		fwrite(msg->buf, msg->len, 1, file);
-	}
+	fputs(diff_line_prefix(o), file);
 
 	if (len == 0) {
 		has_trailing_newline = (first == '\n');
@@ -574,6 +619,7 @@
 	if (!endp) {
 		const char *plain = diff_get_color(ecb->color_diff,
 						   DIFF_PLAIN);
+		putc('\n', ecb->opt->file);
 		emit_line_0(ecb->opt, plain, reset, '\\',
 			    nneof, strlen(nneof));
 	}
@@ -597,13 +643,7 @@
 	char *data_one, *data_two;
 	size_t size_one, size_two;
 	struct emit_callback ecbdata;
-	char *line_prefix = "";
-	struct strbuf *msgbuf;
-
-	if (o && o->output_prefix) {
-		msgbuf = o->output_prefix(o, o->output_prefix_data);
-		line_prefix = msgbuf->buf;
-	}
+	const char *line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(o);
 
 	if (diff_mnemonic_prefix && DIFF_OPT_TST(o, REVERSE_DIFF)) {
 		a_prefix = o->b_prefix;
@@ -799,18 +839,14 @@
 	int minus_first, minus_len, plus_first, plus_len;
 	const char *minus_begin, *minus_end, *plus_begin, *plus_end;
 	struct diff_options *opt = diff_words->opt;
-	struct strbuf *msgbuf;
-	char *line_prefix = "";
+	const char *line_prefix;
 
 	if (line[0] != '@' || parse_hunk_header(line, len,
 			&minus_first, &minus_len, &plus_first, &plus_len))
 		return;
 
 	assert(opt);
-	if (opt->output_prefix) {
-		msgbuf = opt->output_prefix(opt, opt->output_prefix_data);
-		line_prefix = msgbuf->buf;
-	}
+	line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(opt);
 
 	/* POSIX requires that first be decremented by one if len == 0... */
 	if (minus_len) {
@@ -934,14 +970,10 @@
 	struct diff_words_style *style = diff_words->style;
 
 	struct diff_options *opt = diff_words->opt;
-	struct strbuf *msgbuf;
-	char *line_prefix = "";
+	const char *line_prefix;
 
 	assert(opt);
-	if (opt->output_prefix) {
-		msgbuf = opt->output_prefix(opt, opt->output_prefix_data);
-		line_prefix = msgbuf->buf;
-	}
+	line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(opt);
 
 	/* special case: only removal */
 	if (!diff_words->plus.text.size) {
@@ -1077,6 +1109,16 @@
 	return "";
 }
 
+const char *diff_line_prefix(struct diff_options *opt)
+{
+	struct strbuf *msgbuf;
+	if (!opt->output_prefix)
+		return "";
+
+	msgbuf = opt->output_prefix(opt, opt->output_prefix_data);
+	return msgbuf->buf;
+}
+
 static unsigned long sane_truncate_line(struct emit_callback *ecb, char *line, unsigned long len)
 {
 	const char *cp;
@@ -1117,13 +1159,7 @@
 	const char *plain = diff_get_color(ecbdata->color_diff, DIFF_PLAIN);
 	const char *reset = diff_get_color(ecbdata->color_diff, DIFF_RESET);
 	struct diff_options *o = ecbdata->opt;
-	char *line_prefix = "";
-	struct strbuf *msgbuf;
-
-	if (o && o->output_prefix) {
-		msgbuf = o->output_prefix(o, o->output_prefix_data);
-		line_prefix = msgbuf->buf;
-	}
+	const char *line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(o);
 
 	if (ecbdata->header) {
 		fprintf(ecbdata->opt->file, "%s", ecbdata->header->buf);
@@ -1228,6 +1264,7 @@
 	const char *new = b;
 	struct strbuf name = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int pfx_length, sfx_length;
+	int pfx_adjust_for_slash;
 	int len_a = strlen(a);
 	int len_b = strlen(b);
 	int a_midlen, b_midlen;
@@ -1254,7 +1291,18 @@
 	old = a + len_a;
 	new = b + len_b;
 	sfx_length = 0;
-	while (a <= old && b <= new && *old == *new) {
+	/*
+	 * If there is a common prefix, it must end in a slash.  In
+	 * that case we let this loop run 1 into the prefix to see the
+	 * same slash.
+	 *
+	 * If there is no common prefix, we cannot do this as it would
+	 * underrun the input strings.
+	 */
+	pfx_adjust_for_slash = (pfx_length ? 1 : 0);
+	while (a + pfx_length - pfx_adjust_for_slash <= old &&
+	       b + pfx_length - pfx_adjust_for_slash <= new &&
+	       *old == *new) {
 		if (*old == '/')
 			sfx_length = len_a - (old - a);
 		old--;
@@ -1299,6 +1347,7 @@
 		unsigned is_unmerged:1;
 		unsigned is_binary:1;
 		unsigned is_renamed:1;
+		unsigned is_interesting:1;
 		uintmax_t added, deleted;
 	} **files;
 };
@@ -1397,11 +1446,11 @@
 
 	if (!files) {
 		assert(insertions == 0 && deletions == 0);
-		return fputs(_(" 0 files changed\n"), fp);
+		return fprintf(fp, "%s\n", " 0 files changed");
 	}
 
 	strbuf_addf(&sb,
-		    Q_(" %d file changed", " %d files changed", files),
+		    (files == 1) ? " %d file changed" : " %d files changed",
 		    files);
 
 	/*
@@ -1418,8 +1467,7 @@
 		 * do not translate it.
 		 */
 		strbuf_addf(&sb,
-			    Q_(", %d insertion(+)", ", %d insertions(+)",
-			       insertions),
+			    (insertions == 1) ? ", %d insertion(+)" : ", %d insertions(+)",
 			    insertions);
 	}
 
@@ -1429,8 +1477,7 @@
 		 * do not translate it.
 		 */
 		strbuf_addf(&sb,
-			    Q_(", %d deletion(-)", ", %d deletions(-)",
-			       deletions),
+			    (deletions == 1) ? ", %d deletion(-)" : ", %d deletions(-)",
 			    deletions);
 	}
 	strbuf_addch(&sb, '\n');
@@ -1448,16 +1495,11 @@
 	const char *reset, *add_c, *del_c;
 	const char *line_prefix = "";
 	int extra_shown = 0;
-	struct strbuf *msg = NULL;
 
 	if (data->nr == 0)
 		return;
 
-	if (options->output_prefix) {
-		msg = options->output_prefix(options, options->output_prefix_data);
-		line_prefix = msg->buf;
-	}
-
+	line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(options);
 	count = options->stat_count ? options->stat_count : data->nr;
 
 	reset = diff_get_color_opt(options, DIFF_RESET);
@@ -1470,8 +1512,8 @@
 	for (i = 0; (i < count) && (i < data->nr); i++) {
 		struct diffstat_file *file = data->files[i];
 		uintmax_t change = file->added + file->deleted;
-		if (!data->files[i]->is_renamed &&
-			 (change == 0)) {
+
+		if (!file->is_interesting && (change == 0)) {
 			count++; /* not shown == room for one more */
 			continue;
 		}
@@ -1498,7 +1540,7 @@
 		if (max_change < change)
 			max_change = change;
 	}
-	count = i; /* min(count, data->nr) */
+	count = i; /* where we can stop scanning in data->files[] */
 
 	/*
 	 * We have width = stat_width or term_columns() columns total.
@@ -1523,7 +1565,7 @@
 	 * Binary files are displayed with "Bin XXX -> YYY bytes"
 	 * instead of the change count and graph. This part is treated
 	 * similarly to the graph part, except that it is not
-	 * "scaled". If total width is too small to accomodate the
+	 * "scaled". If total width is too small to accommodate the
 	 * guaranteed minimum width of the filename part and the
 	 * separators and this message, this message will "overflow"
 	 * making the line longer than the maximum width.
@@ -1586,16 +1628,15 @@
 	 */
 	for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
 		const char *prefix = "";
-		char *name = data->files[i]->print_name;
-		uintmax_t added = data->files[i]->added;
-		uintmax_t deleted = data->files[i]->deleted;
+		struct diffstat_file *file = data->files[i];
+		char *name = file->print_name;
+		uintmax_t added = file->added;
+		uintmax_t deleted = file->deleted;
 		int name_len;
 
-		if (!data->files[i]->is_renamed &&
-			 (added + deleted == 0)) {
-			total_files--;
+		if (!file->is_interesting && (added + deleted == 0))
 			continue;
-		}
+
 		/*
 		 * "scale" the filename
 		 */
@@ -1611,7 +1652,7 @@
 				name = slash;
 		}
 
-		if (data->files[i]->is_binary) {
+		if (file->is_binary) {
 			fprintf(options->file, "%s", line_prefix);
 			show_name(options->file, prefix, name, len);
 			fprintf(options->file, " %*s", number_width, "Bin");
@@ -1628,7 +1669,7 @@
 			fprintf(options->file, "\n");
 			continue;
 		}
-		else if (data->files[i]->is_unmerged) {
+		else if (file->is_unmerged) {
 			fprintf(options->file, "%s", line_prefix);
 			show_name(options->file, prefix, name, len);
 			fprintf(options->file, " Unmerged\n");
@@ -1640,8 +1681,6 @@
 		 */
 		add = added;
 		del = deleted;
-		adds += add;
-		dels += del;
 
 		if (graph_width <= max_change) {
 			int total = add + del;
@@ -1667,16 +1706,24 @@
 		show_graph(options->file, '-', del, del_c, reset);
 		fprintf(options->file, "\n");
 	}
-	for (i = count; i < data->nr; i++) {
-		uintmax_t added = data->files[i]->added;
-		uintmax_t deleted = data->files[i]->deleted;
-		if (!data->files[i]->is_renamed &&
-			 (added + deleted == 0)) {
+
+	for (i = 0; i < data->nr; i++) {
+		struct diffstat_file *file = data->files[i];
+		uintmax_t added = file->added;
+		uintmax_t deleted = file->deleted;
+
+		if (file->is_unmerged ||
+		    (!file->is_interesting && (added + deleted == 0))) {
 			total_files--;
 			continue;
 		}
-		adds += added;
-		dels += deleted;
+
+		if (!file->is_binary) {
+			adds += added;
+			dels += deleted;
+		}
+		if (i < count)
+			continue;
 		if (!extra_shown)
 			fprintf(options->file, "%s ...\n", line_prefix);
 		extra_shown = 1;
@@ -1696,21 +1743,15 @@
 		int added = data->files[i]->added;
 		int deleted= data->files[i]->deleted;
 
-		if (data->files[i]->is_unmerged)
-			continue;
-		if (!data->files[i]->is_renamed && (added + deleted == 0)) {
+		if (data->files[i]->is_unmerged ||
+		    (!data->files[i]->is_interesting && (added + deleted == 0))) {
 			total_files--;
 		} else if (!data->files[i]->is_binary) { /* don't count bytes */
 			adds += added;
 			dels += deleted;
 		}
 	}
-	if (options->output_prefix) {
-		struct strbuf *msg = NULL;
-		msg = options->output_prefix(options,
-				options->output_prefix_data);
-		fprintf(options->file, "%s", msg->buf);
-	}
+	fprintf(options->file, "%s", diff_line_prefix(options));
 	print_stat_summary(options->file, total_files, adds, dels);
 }
 
@@ -1724,12 +1765,7 @@
 	for (i = 0; i < data->nr; i++) {
 		struct diffstat_file *file = data->files[i];
 
-		if (options->output_prefix) {
-			struct strbuf *msg = NULL;
-			msg = options->output_prefix(options,
-					options->output_prefix_data);
-			fprintf(options->file, "%s", msg->buf);
-		}
+		fprintf(options->file, "%s", diff_line_prefix(options));
 
 		if (file->is_binary)
 			fprintf(options->file, "-\t-\t");
@@ -1771,13 +1807,7 @@
 {
 	unsigned long this_dir = 0;
 	unsigned int sources = 0;
-	const char *line_prefix = "";
-	struct strbuf *msg = NULL;
-
-	if (opt->output_prefix) {
-		msg = opt->output_prefix(opt, opt->output_prefix_data);
-		line_prefix = msg->buf;
-	}
+	const char *line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(opt);
 
 	while (dir->nr) {
 		struct dirstat_file *f = dir->files;
@@ -2027,15 +2057,10 @@
 	const char *reset = diff_get_color(data->o->use_color, DIFF_RESET);
 	const char *set = diff_get_color(data->o->use_color, DIFF_FILE_NEW);
 	char *err;
-	char *line_prefix = "";
-	struct strbuf *msgbuf;
+	const char *line_prefix;
 
 	assert(data->o);
-	if (data->o->output_prefix) {
-		msgbuf = data->o->output_prefix(data->o,
-			data->o->output_prefix_data);
-		line_prefix = msgbuf->buf;
-	}
+	line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(data->o);
 
 	if (line[0] == '+') {
 		unsigned bad;
@@ -2092,7 +2117,8 @@
 	return deflated;
 }
 
-static void emit_binary_diff_body(FILE *file, mmfile_t *one, mmfile_t *two, char *prefix)
+static void emit_binary_diff_body(FILE *file, mmfile_t *one, mmfile_t *two,
+				  const char *prefix)
 {
 	void *cp;
 	void *delta;
@@ -2153,7 +2179,8 @@
 	free(data);
 }
 
-static void emit_binary_diff(FILE *file, mmfile_t *one, mmfile_t *two, char *prefix)
+static void emit_binary_diff(FILE *file, mmfile_t *one, mmfile_t *two,
+			     const char *prefix)
 {
 	fprintf(file, "%sGIT binary patch\n", prefix);
 	emit_binary_diff_body(file, one, two, prefix);
@@ -2214,19 +2241,13 @@
 	mmfile_t mf1, mf2;
 	const char *lbl[2];
 	char *a_one, *b_two;
-	const char *set = diff_get_color_opt(o, DIFF_METAINFO);
+	const char *meta = diff_get_color_opt(o, DIFF_METAINFO);
 	const char *reset = diff_get_color_opt(o, DIFF_RESET);
 	const char *a_prefix, *b_prefix;
 	struct userdiff_driver *textconv_one = NULL;
 	struct userdiff_driver *textconv_two = NULL;
 	struct strbuf header = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct strbuf *msgbuf;
-	char *line_prefix = "";
-
-	if (o->output_prefix) {
-		msgbuf = o->output_prefix(o, o->output_prefix_data);
-		line_prefix = msgbuf->buf;
-	}
+	const char *line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(o);
 
 	if (DIFF_OPT_TST(o, SUBMODULE_LOG) &&
 			(!one->mode || S_ISGITLINK(one->mode)) &&
@@ -2234,8 +2255,9 @@
 		const char *del = diff_get_color_opt(o, DIFF_FILE_OLD);
 		const char *add = diff_get_color_opt(o, DIFF_FILE_NEW);
 		show_submodule_summary(o->file, one ? one->path : two->path,
+				line_prefix,
 				one->sha1, two->sha1, two->dirty_submodule,
-				del, add, reset);
+				meta, del, add, reset);
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -2261,24 +2283,24 @@
 	b_two = quote_two(b_prefix, name_b + (*name_b == '/'));
 	lbl[0] = DIFF_FILE_VALID(one) ? a_one : "/dev/null";
 	lbl[1] = DIFF_FILE_VALID(two) ? b_two : "/dev/null";
-	strbuf_addf(&header, "%s%sdiff --git %s %s%s\n", line_prefix, set, a_one, b_two, reset);
+	strbuf_addf(&header, "%s%sdiff --git %s %s%s\n", line_prefix, meta, a_one, b_two, reset);
 	if (lbl[0][0] == '/') {
 		/* /dev/null */
-		strbuf_addf(&header, "%s%snew file mode %06o%s\n", line_prefix, set, two->mode, reset);
+		strbuf_addf(&header, "%s%snew file mode %06o%s\n", line_prefix, meta, two->mode, reset);
 		if (xfrm_msg)
 			strbuf_addstr(&header, xfrm_msg);
 		must_show_header = 1;
 	}
 	else if (lbl[1][0] == '/') {
-		strbuf_addf(&header, "%s%sdeleted file mode %06o%s\n", line_prefix, set, one->mode, reset);
+		strbuf_addf(&header, "%s%sdeleted file mode %06o%s\n", line_prefix, meta, one->mode, reset);
 		if (xfrm_msg)
 			strbuf_addstr(&header, xfrm_msg);
 		must_show_header = 1;
 	}
 	else {
 		if (one->mode != two->mode) {
-			strbuf_addf(&header, "%s%sold mode %06o%s\n", line_prefix, set, one->mode, reset);
-			strbuf_addf(&header, "%s%snew mode %06o%s\n", line_prefix, set, two->mode, reset);
+			strbuf_addf(&header, "%s%sold mode %06o%s\n", line_prefix, meta, one->mode, reset);
+			strbuf_addf(&header, "%s%snew mode %06o%s\n", line_prefix, meta, two->mode, reset);
 			must_show_header = 1;
 		}
 		if (xfrm_msg)
@@ -2398,13 +2420,20 @@
 			     struct diff_filespec *two,
 			     struct diffstat_t *diffstat,
 			     struct diff_options *o,
-			     int complete_rewrite)
+			     struct diff_filepair *p)
 {
 	mmfile_t mf1, mf2;
 	struct diffstat_file *data;
 	int same_contents;
+	int complete_rewrite = 0;
+
+	if (!DIFF_PAIR_UNMERGED(p)) {
+		if (p->status == DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED && p->score)
+			complete_rewrite = 1;
+	}
 
 	data = diffstat_add(diffstat, name_a, name_b);
+	data->is_interesting = p->status != DIFF_STATUS_UNKNOWN;
 
 	if (!one || !two) {
 		data->is_unmerged = 1;
@@ -2541,12 +2570,12 @@
 }
 
 void fill_filespec(struct diff_filespec *spec, const unsigned char *sha1,
-		   unsigned short mode)
+		   int sha1_valid, unsigned short mode)
 {
 	if (mode) {
 		spec->mode = canon_mode(mode);
 		hashcpy(spec->sha1, sha1);
-		spec->sha1_valid = !is_null_sha1(sha1);
+		spec->sha1_valid = sha1_valid;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -2619,22 +2648,6 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int populate_from_stdin(struct diff_filespec *s)
-{
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	size_t size = 0;
-
-	if (strbuf_read(&buf, 0, 0) < 0)
-		return error("error while reading from stdin %s",
-				     strerror(errno));
-
-	s->should_munmap = 0;
-	s->data = strbuf_detach(&buf, &size);
-	s->size = size;
-	s->should_free = 1;
-	return 0;
-}
-
 static int diff_populate_gitlink(struct diff_filespec *s, int size_only)
 {
 	int len;
@@ -2684,9 +2697,6 @@
 		struct stat st;
 		int fd;
 
-		if (!strcmp(s->path, "-"))
-			return populate_from_stdin(s);
-
 		if (lstat(s->path, &st) < 0) {
 			if (errno == ENOENT) {
 			err_empty:
@@ -2937,14 +2947,9 @@
 {
 	const char *set = diff_get_color(use_color, DIFF_METAINFO);
 	const char *reset = diff_get_color(use_color, DIFF_RESET);
-	struct strbuf *msgbuf;
-	char *line_prefix = "";
+	const char *line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(o);
 
 	*must_show_header = 1;
-	if (o->output_prefix) {
-		msgbuf = o->output_prefix(o, o->output_prefix_data);
-		line_prefix = msgbuf->buf;
-	}
 	strbuf_init(msg, PATH_MAX * 2 + 300);
 	switch (p->status) {
 	case DIFF_STATUS_COPIED:
@@ -3011,9 +3016,8 @@
 	int complete_rewrite = (p->status == DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED) && p->score;
 	int must_show_header = 0;
 
-	if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(o, ALLOW_EXTERNAL))
-		pgm = NULL;
-	else {
+
+	if (DIFF_OPT_TST(o, ALLOW_EXTERNAL)) {
 		struct userdiff_driver *drv = userdiff_find_by_path(attr_path);
 		if (drv && drv->external)
 			pgm = drv->external;
@@ -3048,7 +3052,7 @@
 	if (DIFF_FILE_VALID(one)) {
 		if (!one->sha1_valid) {
 			struct stat st;
-			if (!strcmp(one->path, "-")) {
+			if (one->is_stdin) {
 				hashcpy(one->sha1, null_sha1);
 				return;
 			}
@@ -3093,6 +3097,9 @@
 	if (o->prefix_length)
 		strip_prefix(o->prefix_length, &name, &other);
 
+	if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(o, ALLOW_EXTERNAL))
+		pgm = NULL;
+
 	if (DIFF_PAIR_UNMERGED(p)) {
 		run_diff_cmd(pgm, name, NULL, attr_path,
 			     NULL, NULL, NULL, o, p);
@@ -3132,11 +3139,10 @@
 {
 	const char *name;
 	const char *other;
-	int complete_rewrite = 0;
 
 	if (DIFF_PAIR_UNMERGED(p)) {
 		/* unmerged */
-		builtin_diffstat(p->one->path, NULL, NULL, NULL, diffstat, o, 0);
+		builtin_diffstat(p->one->path, NULL, NULL, NULL, diffstat, o, p);
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -3149,9 +3155,7 @@
 	diff_fill_sha1_info(p->one);
 	diff_fill_sha1_info(p->two);
 
-	if (p->status == DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED && p->score)
-		complete_rewrite = 1;
-	builtin_diffstat(name, other, p->one, p->two, diffstat, o, complete_rewrite);
+	builtin_diffstat(name, other, p->one, p->two, diffstat, o, p);
 }
 
 static void run_checkdiff(struct diff_filepair *p, struct diff_options *o)
@@ -3188,13 +3192,14 @@
 	options->break_opt = -1;
 	options->rename_limit = -1;
 	options->dirstat_permille = diff_dirstat_permille_default;
-	options->context = 3;
+	options->context = diff_context_default;
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(options, RENAME_EMPTY);
 
 	options->change = diff_change;
 	options->add_remove = diff_addremove;
 	options->use_color = diff_use_color_default;
 	options->detect_rename = diff_detect_rename_default;
+	options->xdl_opts |= diff_algorithm;
 
 	if (diff_no_prefix) {
 		options->a_prefix = options->b_prefix = "";
@@ -3204,7 +3209,7 @@
 	}
 }
 
-int diff_setup_done(struct diff_options *options)
+void diff_setup_done(struct diff_options *options)
 {
 	int count = 0;
 
@@ -3303,8 +3308,6 @@
 		options->output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
 		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, EXIT_WITH_STATUS);
 	}
-
-	return 0;
 }
 
 static int opt_arg(const char *arg, int arg_short, const char *arg_long, int *val)
@@ -3486,6 +3489,14 @@
 	return 1;
 }
 
+static int parse_submodule_opt(struct diff_options *options, const char *value)
+{
+	if (parse_submodule_params(options, value))
+		die(_("Failed to parse --submodule option parameter: '%s'"),
+			value);
+	return 1;
+}
+
 int diff_opt_parse(struct diff_options *options, const char **av, int ac)
 {
 	const char *arg = av[0];
@@ -3586,6 +3597,17 @@
 		options->xdl_opts = DIFF_WITH_ALG(options, PATIENCE_DIFF);
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--histogram"))
 		options->xdl_opts = DIFF_WITH_ALG(options, HISTOGRAM_DIFF);
+	else if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("diff-algorithm", av, &optarg))) {
+		long value = parse_algorithm_value(optarg);
+		if (value < 0)
+			return error("option diff-algorithm accepts \"myers\", "
+				     "\"minimal\", \"patience\" and \"histogram\"");
+		/* clear out previous settings */
+		DIFF_XDL_CLR(options, NEED_MINIMAL);
+		options->xdl_opts &= ~XDF_DIFF_ALGORITHM_MASK;
+		options->xdl_opts |= value;
+		return argcount;
+	}
 
 	/* flags options */
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--binary")) {
@@ -3602,6 +3624,8 @@
 		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, FIND_COPIES_HARDER);
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--follow"))
 		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, FOLLOW_RENAMES);
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-follow"))
+		DIFF_OPT_CLR(options, FOLLOW_RENAMES);
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--color"))
 		options->use_color = 1;
 	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--color=")) {
@@ -3666,10 +3690,8 @@
 		handle_ignore_submodules_arg(options, arg + 20);
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--submodule"))
 		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, SUBMODULE_LOG);
-	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--submodule=")) {
-		if (!strcmp(arg + 12, "log"))
-			DIFF_OPT_SET(options, SUBMODULE_LOG);
-	}
+	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--submodule="))
+		return parse_submodule_opt(options, arg + 12);
 
 	/* misc options */
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "-z"))
@@ -3876,12 +3898,8 @@
 {
 	int line_termination = opt->line_termination;
 	int inter_name_termination = line_termination ? '\t' : '\0';
-	if (opt->output_prefix) {
-		struct strbuf *msg = NULL;
-		msg = opt->output_prefix(opt, opt->output_prefix_data);
-		fprintf(opt->file, "%s", msg->buf);
-	}
 
+	fprintf(opt->file, "%s", diff_line_prefix(opt));
 	if (!(opt->output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_NAME_STATUS)) {
 		fprintf(opt->file, ":%06o %06o %s ", p->one->mode, p->two->mode,
 			diff_unique_abbrev(p->one->sha1, opt->abbrev));
@@ -4151,12 +4169,7 @@
 static void diff_summary(struct diff_options *opt, struct diff_filepair *p)
 {
 	FILE *file = opt->file;
-	char *line_prefix = "";
-
-	if (opt->output_prefix) {
-		struct strbuf *buf = opt->output_prefix(opt, opt->output_prefix_data);
-		line_prefix = buf->buf;
-	}
+	const char *line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(opt);
 
 	switch(p->status) {
 	case DIFF_STATUS_DELETED:
@@ -4457,13 +4470,9 @@
 
 	if (output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH) {
 		if (separator) {
-			if (options->output_prefix) {
-				struct strbuf *msg = NULL;
-				msg = options->output_prefix(options,
-					options->output_prefix_data);
-				fwrite(msg->buf, msg->len, 1, stdout);
-			}
-			putc(options->line_termination, options->file);
+			fprintf(options->file, "%s%c",
+				diff_line_prefix(options),
+				options->line_termination);
 			if (options->stat_sep) {
 				/* attach patch instead of inline */
 				fputs(options->stat_sep, options->file);
@@ -4667,7 +4676,7 @@
 {
 	int result = 0;
 
-	diff_warn_rename_limit("diff.renamelimit",
+	diff_warn_rename_limit("diff.renameLimit",
 			       opt->needed_rename_limit,
 			       opt->degraded_cc_to_c);
 	if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, EXIT_WITH_STATUS) &&
@@ -4710,6 +4719,7 @@
 void diff_addremove(struct diff_options *options,
 		    int addremove, unsigned mode,
 		    const unsigned char *sha1,
+		    int sha1_valid,
 		    const char *concatpath, unsigned dirty_submodule)
 {
 	struct diff_filespec *one, *two;
@@ -4741,9 +4751,9 @@
 	two = alloc_filespec(concatpath);
 
 	if (addremove != '+')
-		fill_filespec(one, sha1, mode);
+		fill_filespec(one, sha1, sha1_valid, mode);
 	if (addremove != '-') {
-		fill_filespec(two, sha1, mode);
+		fill_filespec(two, sha1, sha1_valid, mode);
 		two->dirty_submodule = dirty_submodule;
 	}
 
@@ -4756,6 +4766,7 @@
 		 unsigned old_mode, unsigned new_mode,
 		 const unsigned char *old_sha1,
 		 const unsigned char *new_sha1,
+		 int old_sha1_valid, int new_sha1_valid,
 		 const char *concatpath,
 		 unsigned old_dirty_submodule, unsigned new_dirty_submodule)
 {
@@ -4770,6 +4781,8 @@
 		const unsigned char *tmp_c;
 		tmp = old_mode; old_mode = new_mode; new_mode = tmp;
 		tmp_c = old_sha1; old_sha1 = new_sha1; new_sha1 = tmp_c;
+		tmp = old_sha1_valid; old_sha1_valid = new_sha1_valid;
+			new_sha1_valid = tmp;
 		tmp = old_dirty_submodule; old_dirty_submodule = new_dirty_submodule;
 			new_dirty_submodule = tmp;
 	}
@@ -4780,8 +4793,8 @@
 
 	one = alloc_filespec(concatpath);
 	two = alloc_filespec(concatpath);
-	fill_filespec(one, old_sha1, old_mode);
-	fill_filespec(two, new_sha1, new_mode);
+	fill_filespec(one, old_sha1, old_sha1_valid, old_mode);
+	fill_filespec(two, new_sha1, new_sha1_valid, new_mode);
 	one->dirty_submodule = old_dirty_submodule;
 	two->dirty_submodule = new_dirty_submodule;
 
@@ -4887,3 +4900,19 @@
 
 	return size;
 }
+
+void setup_diff_pager(struct diff_options *opt)
+{
+	/*
+	 * If the user asked for our exit code, then either they want --quiet
+	 * or --exit-code. We should definitely not bother with a pager in the
+	 * former case, as we will generate no output. Since we still properly
+	 * report our exit code even when a pager is run, we _could_ run a
+	 * pager with --exit-code. But since we have not done so historically,
+	 * and because it is easy to find people oneline advising "git diff
+	 * --exit-code" in hooks and other scripts, we do not do so.
+	 */
+	if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, EXIT_WITH_STATUS) &&
+	    check_pager_config("diff") != 0)
+		setup_pager();
+}
diff --git a/diff.h b/diff.h
index e027650..78b4091 100644
--- a/diff.h
+++ b/diff.h
@@ -19,12 +19,14 @@
 		 unsigned old_mode, unsigned new_mode,
 		 const unsigned char *old_sha1,
 		 const unsigned char *new_sha1,
+		 int old_sha1_valid, int new_sha1_valid,
 		 const char *fullpath,
 		 unsigned old_dirty_submodule, unsigned new_dirty_submodule);
 
 typedef void (*add_remove_fn_t)(struct diff_options *options,
 		    int addremove, unsigned mode,
 		    const unsigned char *sha1,
+		    int sha1_valid,
 		    const char *fullpath, unsigned dirty_submodule);
 
 typedef void (*diff_format_fn_t)(struct diff_queue_struct *q,
@@ -172,6 +174,9 @@
 	diff_get_color((o)->use_color, ix)
 
 
+const char *diff_line_prefix(struct diff_options *);
+
+
 extern const char mime_boundary_leader[];
 
 extern void diff_tree_setup_paths(const char **paths, struct diff_options *);
@@ -214,12 +219,15 @@
 			   int addremove,
 			   unsigned mode,
 			   const unsigned char *sha1,
+			   int sha1_valid,
 			   const char *fullpath, unsigned dirty_submodule);
 
 extern void diff_change(struct diff_options *,
 			unsigned mode1, unsigned mode2,
 			const unsigned char *sha1,
 			const unsigned char *sha2,
+			int sha1_valid,
+			int sha2_valid,
 			const char *fullpath,
 			unsigned dirty_submodule1, unsigned dirty_submodule2);
 
@@ -238,10 +246,9 @@
 
 extern int git_diff_basic_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb);
 extern int git_diff_ui_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb);
-extern int diff_use_color_default;
 extern void diff_setup(struct diff_options *);
 extern int diff_opt_parse(struct diff_options *, const char **, int);
-extern int diff_setup_done(struct diff_options *);
+extern void diff_setup_done(struct diff_options *);
 
 #define DIFF_DETECT_RENAME	1
 #define DIFF_DETECT_COPY	2
@@ -329,7 +336,10 @@
 
 extern int parse_rename_score(const char **cp_p);
 
+extern long parse_algorithm_value(const char *value);
+
 extern int print_stat_summary(FILE *fp, int files,
 			      int insertions, int deletions);
+extern void setup_diff_pager(struct diff_options *);
 
 #endif /* DIFF_H */
diff --git a/diffcore-break.c b/diffcore-break.c
index 44f8678..1d9e530 100644
--- a/diffcore-break.c
+++ b/diffcore-break.c
@@ -68,6 +68,9 @@
 	if (max_size < MINIMUM_BREAK_SIZE)
 		return 0; /* we do not break too small filepair */
 
+	if (!src->size)
+		return 0; /* we do not let empty files get renamed */
+
 	if (diffcore_count_changes(src, dst,
 				   &src->cnt_data, &dst->cnt_data,
 				   0,
diff --git a/diffcore-pickaxe.c b/diffcore-pickaxe.c
index ed23eb4..c97ac9b 100644
--- a/diffcore-pickaxe.c
+++ b/diffcore-pickaxe.c
@@ -8,7 +8,12 @@
 #include "xdiff-interface.h"
 #include "kwset.h"
 
-typedef int (*pickaxe_fn)(struct diff_filepair *p, struct diff_options *o, regex_t *regexp, kwset_t kws);
+typedef int (*pickaxe_fn)(mmfile_t *one, mmfile_t *two,
+			  struct diff_options *o,
+			  regex_t *regexp, kwset_t kws);
+
+static int pickaxe_match(struct diff_filepair *p, struct diff_options *o,
+			 regex_t *regexp, kwset_t kws, pickaxe_fn fn);
 
 static void pickaxe(struct diff_queue_struct *q, struct diff_options *o,
 		    regex_t *regexp, kwset_t kws, pickaxe_fn fn)
@@ -22,7 +27,7 @@
 		/* Showing the whole changeset if needle exists */
 		for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
 			struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
-			if (fn(p, o, regexp, kws))
+			if (pickaxe_match(p, o, regexp, kws, fn))
 				return; /* do not munge the queue */
 		}
 
@@ -37,7 +42,7 @@
 		/* Showing only the filepairs that has the needle */
 		for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
 			struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
-			if (fn(p, o, regexp, kws))
+			if (pickaxe_match(p, o, regexp, kws, fn))
 				diff_q(&outq, p);
 			else
 				diff_free_filepair(p);
@@ -74,64 +79,33 @@
 	line[len] = hold;
 }
 
-static void fill_one(struct diff_filespec *one,
-		     mmfile_t *mf, struct userdiff_driver **textconv)
-{
-	if (DIFF_FILE_VALID(one)) {
-		*textconv = get_textconv(one);
-		mf->size = fill_textconv(*textconv, one, &mf->ptr);
-	} else {
-		memset(mf, 0, sizeof(*mf));
-	}
-}
-
-static int diff_grep(struct diff_filepair *p, struct diff_options *o,
+static int diff_grep(mmfile_t *one, mmfile_t *two,
+		     struct diff_options *o,
 		     regex_t *regexp, kwset_t kws)
 {
 	regmatch_t regmatch;
-	struct userdiff_driver *textconv_one = NULL;
-	struct userdiff_driver *textconv_two = NULL;
-	mmfile_t mf1, mf2;
-	int hit;
+	struct diffgrep_cb ecbdata;
+	xpparam_t xpp;
+	xdemitconf_t xecfg;
 
-	if (diff_unmodified_pair(p))
-		return 0;
+	if (!one)
+		return !regexec(regexp, two->ptr, 1, &regmatch, 0);
+	if (!two)
+		return !regexec(regexp, one->ptr, 1, &regmatch, 0);
 
-	fill_one(p->one, &mf1, &textconv_one);
-	fill_one(p->two, &mf2, &textconv_two);
-
-	if (!mf1.ptr) {
-		if (!mf2.ptr)
-			return 0; /* ignore unmerged */
-		/* created "two" -- does it have what we are looking for? */
-		hit = !regexec(regexp, p->two->data, 1, &regmatch, 0);
-	} else if (!mf2.ptr) {
-		/* removed "one" -- did it have what we are looking for? */
-		hit = !regexec(regexp, p->one->data, 1, &regmatch, 0);
-	} else {
-		/*
-		 * We have both sides; need to run textual diff and see if
-		 * the pattern appears on added/deleted lines.
-		 */
-		struct diffgrep_cb ecbdata;
-		xpparam_t xpp;
-		xdemitconf_t xecfg;
-
-		memset(&xpp, 0, sizeof(xpp));
-		memset(&xecfg, 0, sizeof(xecfg));
-		ecbdata.regexp = regexp;
-		ecbdata.hit = 0;
-		xecfg.ctxlen = o->context;
-		xecfg.interhunkctxlen = o->interhunkcontext;
-		xdi_diff_outf(&mf1, &mf2, diffgrep_consume, &ecbdata,
-			      &xpp, &xecfg);
-		hit = ecbdata.hit;
-	}
-	if (textconv_one)
-		free(mf1.ptr);
-	if (textconv_two)
-		free(mf2.ptr);
-	return hit;
+	/*
+	 * We have both sides; need to run textual diff and see if
+	 * the pattern appears on added/deleted lines.
+	 */
+	memset(&xpp, 0, sizeof(xpp));
+	memset(&xecfg, 0, sizeof(xecfg));
+	ecbdata.regexp = regexp;
+	ecbdata.hit = 0;
+	xecfg.ctxlen = o->context;
+	xecfg.interhunkctxlen = o->interhunkcontext;
+	xdi_diff_outf(one, two, diffgrep_consume, &ecbdata,
+		      &xpp, &xecfg);
+	return ecbdata.hit;
 }
 
 static void diffcore_pickaxe_grep(struct diff_options *o)
@@ -148,7 +122,7 @@
 		char errbuf[1024];
 		regerror(err, &regex, errbuf, 1024);
 		regfree(&regex);
-		die("invalid log-grep regex: %s", errbuf);
+		die("invalid regex: %s", errbuf);
 	}
 
 	pickaxe(&diff_queued_diff, o, &regex, NULL, diff_grep);
@@ -157,19 +131,15 @@
 	return;
 }
 
-static unsigned int contains(struct diff_filespec *one, struct diff_options *o,
+static unsigned int contains(mmfile_t *mf, struct diff_options *o,
 			     regex_t *regexp, kwset_t kws)
 {
 	unsigned int cnt;
 	unsigned long sz;
 	const char *data;
-	if (!o->pickaxe[0])
-		return 0;
-	if (diff_populate_filespec(one, 0))
-		return 0;
 
-	sz = one->size;
-	data = one->data;
+	sz = mf->size;
+	data = mf->ptr;
 	cnt = 0;
 
 	if (regexp) {
@@ -199,26 +169,65 @@
 			cnt++;
 		}
 	}
-	diff_free_filespec_data(one);
 	return cnt;
 }
 
-static int has_changes(struct diff_filepair *p, struct diff_options *o,
+static int has_changes(mmfile_t *one, mmfile_t *two,
+		       struct diff_options *o,
 		       regex_t *regexp, kwset_t kws)
 {
-	if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->one)) {
-		if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->two))
-			return 0; /* ignore unmerged */
-		/* created */
-		return contains(p->two, o, regexp, kws) != 0;
+	if (!one)
+		return contains(two, o, regexp, kws) != 0;
+	if (!two)
+		return contains(one, o, regexp, kws) != 0;
+	return contains(one, o, regexp, kws) != contains(two, o, regexp, kws);
+}
+
+static int pickaxe_match(struct diff_filepair *p, struct diff_options *o,
+			 regex_t *regexp, kwset_t kws, pickaxe_fn fn)
+{
+	struct userdiff_driver *textconv_one = NULL;
+	struct userdiff_driver *textconv_two = NULL;
+	mmfile_t mf1, mf2;
+	int ret;
+
+	if (!o->pickaxe[0])
+		return 0;
+
+	/* ignore unmerged */
+	if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->one) && !DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->two))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (DIFF_OPT_TST(o, ALLOW_TEXTCONV)) {
+		textconv_one = get_textconv(p->one);
+		textconv_two = get_textconv(p->two);
 	}
-	if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->two))
-		return contains(p->one, o, regexp, kws) != 0;
-	if (!diff_unmodified_pair(p)) {
-		return contains(p->one, o, regexp, kws) !=
-		       contains(p->two, o, regexp, kws);
-	}
-	return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * If we have an unmodified pair, we know that the count will be the
+	 * same and don't even have to load the blobs. Unless textconv is in
+	 * play, _and_ we are using two different textconv filters (e.g.,
+	 * because a pair is an exact rename with different textconv attributes
+	 * for each side, which might generate different content).
+	 */
+	if (textconv_one == textconv_two && diff_unmodified_pair(p))
+		return 0;
+
+	mf1.size = fill_textconv(textconv_one, p->one, &mf1.ptr);
+	mf2.size = fill_textconv(textconv_two, p->two, &mf2.ptr);
+
+	ret = fn(DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->one) ? &mf1 : NULL,
+		 DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->two) ? &mf2 : NULL,
+		 o, regexp, kws);
+
+	if (textconv_one)
+		free(mf1.ptr);
+	if (textconv_two)
+		free(mf2.ptr);
+	diff_free_filespec_data(p->one);
+	diff_free_filespec_data(p->two);
+
+	return ret;
 }
 
 static void diffcore_pickaxe_count(struct diff_options *o)
@@ -237,7 +246,7 @@
 			char errbuf[1024];
 			regerror(err, &regex, errbuf, 1024);
 			regfree(&regex);
-			die("invalid pickaxe regex: %s", errbuf);
+			die("invalid regex: %s", errbuf);
 		}
 		regexp = &regex;
 	} else {
diff --git a/diffcore-rename.c b/diffcore-rename.c
index 216a7a4..6c7a72f 100644
--- a/diffcore-rename.c
+++ b/diffcore-rename.c
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
 		memmove(rename_dst + first + 1, rename_dst + first,
 			(rename_dst_nr - first - 1) * sizeof(*rename_dst));
 	rename_dst[first].two = alloc_filespec(two->path);
-	fill_filespec(rename_dst[first].two, two->sha1, two->mode);
+	fill_filespec(rename_dst[first].two, two->sha1, two->sha1_valid, two->mode);
 	rename_dst[first].pair = NULL;
 	return &(rename_dst[first]);
 }
@@ -389,6 +389,7 @@
 	struct hash_table file_table;
 
 	init_hash(&file_table);
+	preallocate_hash(&file_table, rename_src_nr + rename_dst_nr);
 	for (i = 0; i < rename_src_nr; i++)
 		insert_file_table(&file_table, -1, i, rename_src[i].p->one);
 
diff --git a/diffcore.h b/diffcore.h
index 8f32b82..1c16c85 100644
--- a/diffcore.h
+++ b/diffcore.h
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
 	unsigned should_free : 1; /* data should be free()'ed */
 	unsigned should_munmap : 1; /* data should be munmap()'ed */
 	unsigned dirty_submodule : 2;  /* For submodules: its work tree is dirty */
+	unsigned is_stdin : 1;
 #define DIRTY_SUBMODULE_UNTRACKED 1
 #define DIRTY_SUBMODULE_MODIFIED  2
 	unsigned has_more_entries : 1; /* only appear in combined diff */
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@
 extern struct diff_filespec *alloc_filespec(const char *);
 extern void free_filespec(struct diff_filespec *);
 extern void fill_filespec(struct diff_filespec *, const unsigned char *,
-			  unsigned short);
+			  int, unsigned short);
 
 extern int diff_populate_filespec(struct diff_filespec *, int);
 extern void diff_free_filespec_data(struct diff_filespec *);
diff --git a/dir.c b/dir.c
index ed1510f..897c874 100644
--- a/dir.c
+++ b/dir.c
@@ -2,19 +2,36 @@
  * This handles recursive filename detection with exclude
  * files, index knowledge etc..
  *
+ * See Documentation/technical/api-directory-listing.txt
+ *
  * Copyright (C) Linus Torvalds, 2005-2006
  *		 Junio Hamano, 2005-2006
  */
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "dir.h"
 #include "refs.h"
+#include "wildmatch.h"
 
 struct path_simplify {
 	int len;
 	const char *path;
 };
 
-static int read_directory_recursive(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *path, int len,
+/*
+ * Tells read_directory_recursive how a file or directory should be treated.
+ * Values are ordered by significance, e.g. if a directory contains both
+ * excluded and untracked files, it is listed as untracked because
+ * path_untracked > path_excluded.
+ */
+enum path_treatment {
+	path_none = 0,
+	path_recurse,
+	path_excluded,
+	path_untracked
+};
+
+static enum path_treatment read_directory_recursive(struct dir_struct *dir,
+	const char *path, int len,
 	int check_only, const struct path_simplify *simplify);
 static int get_dtype(struct dirent *de, const char *path, int len);
 
@@ -34,10 +51,62 @@
 	return fnmatch(pattern, string, flags | (ignore_case ? FNM_CASEFOLD : 0));
 }
 
+inline int git_fnmatch(const char *pattern, const char *string,
+		       int flags, int prefix)
+{
+	int fnm_flags = 0;
+	if (flags & GFNM_PATHNAME)
+		fnm_flags |= FNM_PATHNAME;
+	if (prefix > 0) {
+		if (strncmp(pattern, string, prefix))
+			return FNM_NOMATCH;
+		pattern += prefix;
+		string += prefix;
+	}
+	if (flags & GFNM_ONESTAR) {
+		int pattern_len = strlen(++pattern);
+		int string_len = strlen(string);
+		return string_len < pattern_len ||
+		       strcmp(pattern,
+			      string + string_len - pattern_len);
+	}
+	return fnmatch(pattern, string, fnm_flags);
+}
+
+static int fnmatch_icase_mem(const char *pattern, int patternlen,
+			     const char *string, int stringlen,
+			     int flags)
+{
+	int match_status;
+	struct strbuf pat_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf str_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *use_pat = pattern;
+	const char *use_str = string;
+
+	if (pattern[patternlen]) {
+		strbuf_add(&pat_buf, pattern, patternlen);
+		use_pat = pat_buf.buf;
+	}
+	if (string[stringlen]) {
+		strbuf_add(&str_buf, string, stringlen);
+		use_str = str_buf.buf;
+	}
+
+	if (ignore_case)
+		flags |= WM_CASEFOLD;
+	match_status = wildmatch(use_pat, use_str, flags, NULL);
+
+	strbuf_release(&pat_buf);
+	strbuf_release(&str_buf);
+
+	return match_status;
+}
+
 static size_t common_prefix_len(const char **pathspec)
 {
 	const char *n, *first;
 	size_t max = 0;
+	int literal = limit_pathspec_to_literal();
 
 	if (!pathspec)
 		return max;
@@ -47,7 +116,7 @@
 		size_t i, len = 0;
 		for (i = 0; first == n || i < max; i++) {
 			char c = n[i];
-			if (!c || c != first[i] || is_glob_special(c))
+			if (!c || c != first[i] || (!literal && is_glob_special(c)))
 				break;
 			if (c == '/')
 				len = i + 1;
@@ -117,6 +186,7 @@
 static int match_one(const char *match, const char *name, int namelen)
 {
 	int matchlen;
+	int literal = limit_pathspec_to_literal();
 
 	/* If the match was just the prefix, we matched */
 	if (!*match)
@@ -126,7 +196,7 @@
 		for (;;) {
 			unsigned char c1 = tolower(*match);
 			unsigned char c2 = tolower(*name);
-			if (c1 == '\0' || is_glob_special(c1))
+			if (c1 == '\0' || (!literal && is_glob_special(c1)))
 				break;
 			if (c1 != c2)
 				return 0;
@@ -138,7 +208,7 @@
 		for (;;) {
 			unsigned char c1 = *match;
 			unsigned char c2 = *name;
-			if (c1 == '\0' || is_glob_special(c1))
+			if (c1 == '\0' || (!literal && is_glob_special(c1)))
 				break;
 			if (c1 != c2)
 				return 0;
@@ -148,14 +218,16 @@
 		}
 	}
 
-
 	/*
 	 * If we don't match the matchstring exactly,
 	 * we need to match by fnmatch
 	 */
 	matchlen = strlen(match);
-	if (strncmp_icase(match, name, matchlen))
+	if (strncmp_icase(match, name, matchlen)) {
+		if (literal)
+			return 0;
 		return !fnmatch_icase(match, name, 0) ? MATCHED_FNMATCH : 0;
+	}
 
 	if (namelen == matchlen)
 		return MATCHED_EXACTLY;
@@ -165,12 +237,19 @@
 }
 
 /*
- * Given a name and a list of pathspecs, see if the name matches
- * any of the pathspecs.  The caller is also interested in seeing
- * all pathspec matches some names it calls this function with
- * (otherwise the user could have mistyped the unmatched pathspec),
- * and a mark is left in seen[] array for pathspec element that
- * actually matched anything.
+ * Given a name and a list of pathspecs, returns the nature of the
+ * closest (i.e. most specific) match of the name to any of the
+ * pathspecs.
+ *
+ * The caller typically calls this multiple times with the same
+ * pathspec and seen[] array but with different name/namelen
+ * (e.g. entries from the index) and is interested in seeing if and
+ * how each pathspec matches all the names it calls this function
+ * with.  A mark is left in the seen[] array for each pathspec element
+ * indicating the closest type of match that element achieved, so if
+ * seen[n] remains zero after multiple invocations, that means the nth
+ * pathspec did not match any names, which could indicate that the
+ * user mistyped the nth pathspec.
  */
 int match_pathspec(const char **pathspec, const char *name, int namelen,
 		int prefix, char *seen)
@@ -230,19 +309,29 @@
 			return MATCHED_RECURSIVELY;
 	}
 
-	if (item->use_wildcard && !fnmatch(match, name, 0))
+	if (item->nowildcard_len < item->len &&
+	    !git_fnmatch(match, name,
+			 item->flags & PATHSPEC_ONESTAR ? GFNM_ONESTAR : 0,
+			 item->nowildcard_len - prefix))
 		return MATCHED_FNMATCH;
 
 	return 0;
 }
 
 /*
- * Given a name and a list of pathspecs, see if the name matches
- * any of the pathspecs.  The caller is also interested in seeing
- * all pathspec matches some names it calls this function with
- * (otherwise the user could have mistyped the unmatched pathspec),
- * and a mark is left in seen[] array for pathspec element that
- * actually matched anything.
+ * Given a name and a list of pathspecs, returns the nature of the
+ * closest (i.e. most specific) match of the name to any of the
+ * pathspecs.
+ *
+ * The caller typically calls this multiple times with the same
+ * pathspec and seen[] array but with different name/namelen
+ * (e.g. entries from the index) and is interested in seeing if and
+ * how each pathspec matches all the names it calls this function
+ * with.  A mark is left in the seen[] array for each pathspec element
+ * indicating the closest type of match that element achieved, so if
+ * seen[n] remains zero after multiple invocations, that means the nth
+ * pathspec did not match any names, which could indicate that the
+ * user mistyped the nth pathspec.
  */
 int match_pathspec_depth(const struct pathspec *ps,
 			 const char *name, int namelen,
@@ -288,50 +377,93 @@
 	return retval;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Return the length of the "simple" part of a path match limiter.
+ */
+static int simple_length(const char *match)
+{
+	int len = -1;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		unsigned char c = *match++;
+		len++;
+		if (c == '\0' || is_glob_special(c))
+			return len;
+	}
+}
+
 static int no_wildcard(const char *string)
 {
-	return string[strcspn(string, "*?[{\\")] == '\0';
+	return string[simple_length(string)] == '\0';
+}
+
+void parse_exclude_pattern(const char **pattern,
+			   int *patternlen,
+			   int *flags,
+			   int *nowildcardlen)
+{
+	const char *p = *pattern;
+	size_t i, len;
+
+	*flags = 0;
+	if (*p == '!') {
+		*flags |= EXC_FLAG_NEGATIVE;
+		p++;
+	}
+	len = strlen(p);
+	if (len && p[len - 1] == '/') {
+		len--;
+		*flags |= EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR;
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+		if (p[i] == '/')
+			break;
+	}
+	if (i == len)
+		*flags |= EXC_FLAG_NODIR;
+	*nowildcardlen = simple_length(p);
+	/*
+	 * we should have excluded the trailing slash from 'p' too,
+	 * but that's one more allocation. Instead just make sure
+	 * nowildcardlen does not exceed real patternlen
+	 */
+	if (*nowildcardlen > len)
+		*nowildcardlen = len;
+	if (*p == '*' && no_wildcard(p + 1))
+		*flags |= EXC_FLAG_ENDSWITH;
+	*pattern = p;
+	*patternlen = len;
 }
 
 void add_exclude(const char *string, const char *base,
-		 int baselen, struct exclude_list *which)
+		 int baselen, struct exclude_list *el, int srcpos)
 {
 	struct exclude *x;
-	size_t len;
-	int to_exclude = 1;
-	int flags = 0;
+	int patternlen;
+	int flags;
+	int nowildcardlen;
 
-	if (*string == '!') {
-		to_exclude = 0;
-		string++;
-	}
-	len = strlen(string);
-	if (len && string[len - 1] == '/') {
+	parse_exclude_pattern(&string, &patternlen, &flags, &nowildcardlen);
+	if (flags & EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR) {
 		char *s;
-		x = xmalloc(sizeof(*x) + len);
+		x = xmalloc(sizeof(*x) + patternlen + 1);
 		s = (char *)(x+1);
-		memcpy(s, string, len - 1);
-		s[len - 1] = '\0';
-		string = s;
+		memcpy(s, string, patternlen);
+		s[patternlen] = '\0';
 		x->pattern = s;
-		flags = EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR;
 	} else {
 		x = xmalloc(sizeof(*x));
 		x->pattern = string;
 	}
-	x->to_exclude = to_exclude;
-	x->patternlen = strlen(string);
+	x->patternlen = patternlen;
+	x->nowildcardlen = nowildcardlen;
 	x->base = base;
 	x->baselen = baselen;
 	x->flags = flags;
-	if (!strchr(string, '/'))
-		x->flags |= EXC_FLAG_NODIR;
-	if (no_wildcard(string))
-		x->flags |= EXC_FLAG_NOWILDCARD;
-	if (*string == '*' && no_wildcard(string+1))
-		x->flags |= EXC_FLAG_ENDSWITH;
-	ALLOC_GROW(which->excludes, which->nr + 1, which->alloc);
-	which->excludes[which->nr++] = x;
+	x->srcpos = srcpos;
+	ALLOC_GROW(el->excludes, el->nr + 1, el->alloc);
+	el->excludes[el->nr++] = x;
+	x->el = el;
 }
 
 static void *read_skip_worktree_file_from_index(const char *path, size_t *size)
@@ -357,32 +489,39 @@
 	return data;
 }
 
-void free_excludes(struct exclude_list *el)
+/*
+ * Frees memory within el which was allocated for exclude patterns and
+ * the file buffer.  Does not free el itself.
+ */
+void clear_exclude_list(struct exclude_list *el)
 {
 	int i;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < el->nr; i++)
 		free(el->excludes[i]);
 	free(el->excludes);
+	free(el->filebuf);
 
 	el->nr = 0;
 	el->excludes = NULL;
+	el->filebuf = NULL;
 }
 
 int add_excludes_from_file_to_list(const char *fname,
 				   const char *base,
 				   int baselen,
-				   char **buf_p,
-				   struct exclude_list *which,
+				   struct exclude_list *el,
 				   int check_index)
 {
 	struct stat st;
-	int fd, i;
+	int fd, i, lineno = 1;
 	size_t size = 0;
 	char *buf, *entry;
 
 	fd = open(fname, O_RDONLY);
 	if (fd < 0 || fstat(fd, &st) < 0) {
+		if (errno != ENOENT)
+			warn_on_inaccessible(fname);
 		if (0 <= fd)
 			close(fd);
 		if (!check_index ||
@@ -413,51 +552,244 @@
 		close(fd);
 	}
 
-	if (buf_p)
-		*buf_p = buf;
+	el->filebuf = buf;
 	entry = buf;
 	for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
 		if (buf[i] == '\n') {
 			if (entry != buf + i && entry[0] != '#') {
 				buf[i - (i && buf[i-1] == '\r')] = 0;
-				add_exclude(entry, base, baselen, which);
+				add_exclude(entry, base, baselen, el, lineno);
 			}
+			lineno++;
 			entry = buf + i + 1;
 		}
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
 
+struct exclude_list *add_exclude_list(struct dir_struct *dir,
+				      int group_type, const char *src)
+{
+	struct exclude_list *el;
+	struct exclude_list_group *group;
+
+	group = &dir->exclude_list_group[group_type];
+	ALLOC_GROW(group->el, group->nr + 1, group->alloc);
+	el = &group->el[group->nr++];
+	memset(el, 0, sizeof(*el));
+	el->src = src;
+	return el;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Used to set up core.excludesfile and .git/info/exclude lists.
+ */
 void add_excludes_from_file(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *fname)
 {
-	if (add_excludes_from_file_to_list(fname, "", 0, NULL,
-					   &dir->exclude_list[EXC_FILE], 0) < 0)
+	struct exclude_list *el;
+	el = add_exclude_list(dir, EXC_FILE, fname);
+	if (add_excludes_from_file_to_list(fname, "", 0, el, 0) < 0)
 		die("cannot use %s as an exclude file", fname);
 }
 
+int match_basename(const char *basename, int basenamelen,
+		   const char *pattern, int prefix, int patternlen,
+		   int flags)
+{
+	if (prefix == patternlen) {
+		if (patternlen == basenamelen &&
+		    !strncmp_icase(pattern, basename, basenamelen))
+			return 1;
+	} else if (flags & EXC_FLAG_ENDSWITH) {
+		/* "*literal" matching against "fooliteral" */
+		if (patternlen - 1 <= basenamelen &&
+		    !strncmp_icase(pattern + 1,
+				   basename + basenamelen - (patternlen - 1),
+				   patternlen - 1))
+			return 1;
+	} else {
+		if (fnmatch_icase_mem(pattern, patternlen,
+				      basename, basenamelen,
+				      0) == 0)
+			return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int match_pathname(const char *pathname, int pathlen,
+		   const char *base, int baselen,
+		   const char *pattern, int prefix, int patternlen,
+		   int flags)
+{
+	const char *name;
+	int namelen;
+
+	/*
+	 * match with FNM_PATHNAME; the pattern has base implicitly
+	 * in front of it.
+	 */
+	if (*pattern == '/') {
+		pattern++;
+		patternlen--;
+		prefix--;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * baselen does not count the trailing slash. base[] may or
+	 * may not end with a trailing slash though.
+	 */
+	if (pathlen < baselen + 1 ||
+	    (baselen && pathname[baselen] != '/') ||
+	    strncmp_icase(pathname, base, baselen))
+		return 0;
+
+	namelen = baselen ? pathlen - baselen - 1 : pathlen;
+	name = pathname + pathlen - namelen;
+
+	if (prefix) {
+		/*
+		 * if the non-wildcard part is longer than the
+		 * remaining pathname, surely it cannot match.
+		 */
+		if (prefix > namelen)
+			return 0;
+
+		if (strncmp_icase(pattern, name, prefix))
+			return 0;
+		pattern += prefix;
+		patternlen -= prefix;
+		name    += prefix;
+		namelen -= prefix;
+
+		/*
+		 * If the whole pattern did not have a wildcard,
+		 * then our prefix match is all we need; we
+		 * do not need to call fnmatch at all.
+		 */
+		if (!patternlen && !namelen)
+			return 1;
+	}
+
+	return fnmatch_icase_mem(pattern, patternlen,
+				 name, namelen,
+				 WM_PATHNAME) == 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Scan the given exclude list in reverse to see whether pathname
+ * should be ignored.  The first match (i.e. the last on the list), if
+ * any, determines the fate.  Returns the exclude_list element which
+ * matched, or NULL for undecided.
+ */
+static struct exclude *last_exclude_matching_from_list(const char *pathname,
+						       int pathlen,
+						       const char *basename,
+						       int *dtype,
+						       struct exclude_list *el)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	if (!el->nr)
+		return NULL;	/* undefined */
+
+	for (i = el->nr - 1; 0 <= i; i--) {
+		struct exclude *x = el->excludes[i];
+		const char *exclude = x->pattern;
+		int prefix = x->nowildcardlen;
+
+		if (x->flags & EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR) {
+			if (*dtype == DT_UNKNOWN)
+				*dtype = get_dtype(NULL, pathname, pathlen);
+			if (*dtype != DT_DIR)
+				continue;
+		}
+
+		if (x->flags & EXC_FLAG_NODIR) {
+			if (match_basename(basename,
+					   pathlen - (basename - pathname),
+					   exclude, prefix, x->patternlen,
+					   x->flags))
+				return x;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		assert(x->baselen == 0 || x->base[x->baselen - 1] == '/');
+		if (match_pathname(pathname, pathlen,
+				   x->base, x->baselen ? x->baselen - 1 : 0,
+				   exclude, prefix, x->patternlen, x->flags))
+			return x;
+	}
+	return NULL; /* undecided */
+}
+
+/*
+ * Scan the list and let the last match determine the fate.
+ * Return 1 for exclude, 0 for include and -1 for undecided.
+ */
+int is_excluded_from_list(const char *pathname,
+			  int pathlen, const char *basename, int *dtype,
+			  struct exclude_list *el)
+{
+	struct exclude *exclude;
+	exclude = last_exclude_matching_from_list(pathname, pathlen, basename, dtype, el);
+	if (exclude)
+		return exclude->flags & EXC_FLAG_NEGATIVE ? 0 : 1;
+	return -1; /* undecided */
+}
+
+static struct exclude *last_exclude_matching_from_lists(struct dir_struct *dir,
+		const char *pathname, int pathlen, const char *basename,
+		int *dtype_p)
+{
+	int i, j;
+	struct exclude_list_group *group;
+	struct exclude *exclude;
+	for (i = EXC_CMDL; i <= EXC_FILE; i++) {
+		group = &dir->exclude_list_group[i];
+		for (j = group->nr - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
+			exclude = last_exclude_matching_from_list(
+				pathname, pathlen, basename, dtype_p,
+				&group->el[j]);
+			if (exclude)
+				return exclude;
+		}
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Loads the per-directory exclude list for the substring of base
+ * which has a char length of baselen.
+ */
 static void prep_exclude(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *base, int baselen)
 {
+	struct exclude_list_group *group;
 	struct exclude_list *el;
 	struct exclude_stack *stk = NULL;
 	int current;
 
-	if ((!dir->exclude_per_dir) ||
-	    (baselen + strlen(dir->exclude_per_dir) >= PATH_MAX))
-		return; /* too long a path -- ignore */
+	group = &dir->exclude_list_group[EXC_DIRS];
 
-	/* Pop the ones that are not the prefix of the path being checked. */
-	el = &dir->exclude_list[EXC_DIRS];
+	/* Pop the exclude lists from the EXCL_DIRS exclude_list_group
+	 * which originate from directories not in the prefix of the
+	 * path being checked. */
 	while ((stk = dir->exclude_stack) != NULL) {
 		if (stk->baselen <= baselen &&
 		    !strncmp(dir->basebuf, base, stk->baselen))
 			break;
+		el = &group->el[dir->exclude_stack->exclude_ix];
 		dir->exclude_stack = stk->prev;
-		while (stk->exclude_ix < el->nr)
-			free(el->excludes[--el->nr]);
-		free(stk->filebuf);
+		dir->exclude = NULL;
+		free((char *)el->src); /* see strdup() below */
+		clear_exclude_list(el);
 		free(stk);
+		group->nr--;
 	}
 
+	/* Skip traversing into sub directories if the parent is excluded */
+	if (dir->exclude)
+		return;
+
 	/* Read from the parent directories and push them down. */
 	current = stk ? stk->baselen : -1;
 	while (current < baselen) {
@@ -476,100 +808,86 @@
 		}
 		stk->prev = dir->exclude_stack;
 		stk->baselen = cp - base;
-		stk->exclude_ix = el->nr;
+		stk->exclude_ix = group->nr;
+		el = add_exclude_list(dir, EXC_DIRS, NULL);
 		memcpy(dir->basebuf + current, base + current,
 		       stk->baselen - current);
-		strcpy(dir->basebuf + stk->baselen, dir->exclude_per_dir);
-		add_excludes_from_file_to_list(dir->basebuf,
-					       dir->basebuf, stk->baselen,
-					       &stk->filebuf, el, 1);
+
+		/* Abort if the directory is excluded */
+		if (stk->baselen) {
+			int dt = DT_DIR;
+			dir->basebuf[stk->baselen - 1] = 0;
+			dir->exclude = last_exclude_matching_from_lists(dir,
+				dir->basebuf, stk->baselen - 1,
+				dir->basebuf + current, &dt);
+			dir->basebuf[stk->baselen - 1] = '/';
+			if (dir->exclude &&
+			    dir->exclude->flags & EXC_FLAG_NEGATIVE)
+				dir->exclude = NULL;
+			if (dir->exclude) {
+				dir->basebuf[stk->baselen] = 0;
+				dir->exclude_stack = stk;
+				return;
+			}
+		}
+
+		/* Try to read per-directory file unless path is too long */
+		if (dir->exclude_per_dir &&
+		    stk->baselen + strlen(dir->exclude_per_dir) < PATH_MAX) {
+			strcpy(dir->basebuf + stk->baselen,
+					dir->exclude_per_dir);
+			/*
+			 * dir->basebuf gets reused by the traversal, but we
+			 * need fname to remain unchanged to ensure the src
+			 * member of each struct exclude correctly
+			 * back-references its source file.  Other invocations
+			 * of add_exclude_list provide stable strings, so we
+			 * strdup() and free() here in the caller.
+			 */
+			el->src = strdup(dir->basebuf);
+			add_excludes_from_file_to_list(dir->basebuf,
+					dir->basebuf, stk->baselen, el, 1);
+		}
 		dir->exclude_stack = stk;
 		current = stk->baselen;
 	}
 	dir->basebuf[baselen] = '\0';
 }
 
-/* Scan the list and let the last match determine the fate.
- * Return 1 for exclude, 0 for include and -1 for undecided.
+/*
+ * Loads the exclude lists for the directory containing pathname, then
+ * scans all exclude lists to determine whether pathname is excluded.
+ * Returns the exclude_list element which matched, or NULL for
+ * undecided.
  */
-int excluded_from_list(const char *pathname,
-		       int pathlen, const char *basename, int *dtype,
-		       struct exclude_list *el)
-{
-	int i;
-
-	if (el->nr) {
-		for (i = el->nr - 1; 0 <= i; i--) {
-			struct exclude *x = el->excludes[i];
-			const char *exclude = x->pattern;
-			int to_exclude = x->to_exclude;
-
-			if (x->flags & EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR) {
-				if (*dtype == DT_UNKNOWN)
-					*dtype = get_dtype(NULL, pathname, pathlen);
-				if (*dtype != DT_DIR)
-					continue;
-			}
-
-			if (x->flags & EXC_FLAG_NODIR) {
-				/* match basename */
-				if (x->flags & EXC_FLAG_NOWILDCARD) {
-					if (!strcmp_icase(exclude, basename))
-						return to_exclude;
-				} else if (x->flags & EXC_FLAG_ENDSWITH) {
-					if (x->patternlen - 1 <= pathlen &&
-					    !strcmp_icase(exclude + 1, pathname + pathlen - x->patternlen + 1))
-						return to_exclude;
-				} else {
-					if (fnmatch_icase(exclude, basename, 0) == 0)
-						return to_exclude;
-				}
-			}
-			else {
-				/* match with FNM_PATHNAME:
-				 * exclude has base (baselen long) implicitly
-				 * in front of it.
-				 */
-				int baselen = x->baselen;
-				if (*exclude == '/')
-					exclude++;
-
-				if (pathlen < baselen ||
-				    (baselen && pathname[baselen-1] != '/') ||
-				    strncmp_icase(pathname, x->base, baselen))
-				    continue;
-
-				if (x->flags & EXC_FLAG_NOWILDCARD) {
-					if (!strcmp_icase(exclude, pathname + baselen))
-						return to_exclude;
-				} else {
-					if (fnmatch_icase(exclude, pathname+baselen,
-						    FNM_PATHNAME) == 0)
-					    return to_exclude;
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return -1; /* undecided */
-}
-
-int excluded(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *pathname, int *dtype_p)
+struct exclude *last_exclude_matching(struct dir_struct *dir,
+					     const char *pathname,
+					     int *dtype_p)
 {
 	int pathlen = strlen(pathname);
-	int st;
 	const char *basename = strrchr(pathname, '/');
 	basename = (basename) ? basename+1 : pathname;
 
 	prep_exclude(dir, pathname, basename-pathname);
-	for (st = EXC_CMDL; st <= EXC_FILE; st++) {
-		switch (excluded_from_list(pathname, pathlen, basename,
-					   dtype_p, &dir->exclude_list[st])) {
-		case 0:
-			return 0;
-		case 1:
-			return 1;
-		}
-	}
+
+	if (dir->exclude)
+		return dir->exclude;
+
+	return last_exclude_matching_from_lists(dir, pathname, pathlen,
+			basename, dtype_p);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Loads the exclude lists for the directory containing pathname, then
+ * scans all exclude lists to determine whether pathname is excluded.
+ * Returns 1 if true, otherwise 0.
+ */
+int is_excluded(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *pathname, int *dtype_p)
+{
+	struct exclude *exclude =
+		last_exclude_matching(dir, pathname, dtype_p);
+	if (exclude)
+		return exclude->flags & EXC_FLAG_NEGATIVE ? 0 : 1;
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -701,32 +1019,26 @@
  *
  *  (a) if "show_other_directories" is true, we show it as
  *      just a directory, unless "hide_empty_directories" is
- *      also true and the directory is empty, in which case
- *      we just ignore it entirely.
+ *      also true, in which case we need to check if it contains any
+ *      untracked and / or ignored files.
  *  (b) if it looks like a git directory, and we don't have
  *      'no_gitlinks' set we treat it as a gitlink, and show it
  *      as a directory.
  *  (c) otherwise, we recurse into it.
  */
-enum directory_treatment {
-	show_directory,
-	ignore_directory,
-	recurse_into_directory
-};
-
-static enum directory_treatment treat_directory(struct dir_struct *dir,
-	const char *dirname, int len,
+static enum path_treatment treat_directory(struct dir_struct *dir,
+	const char *dirname, int len, int exclude,
 	const struct path_simplify *simplify)
 {
 	/* The "len-1" is to strip the final '/' */
 	switch (directory_exists_in_index(dirname, len-1)) {
 	case index_directory:
-		return recurse_into_directory;
+		return path_recurse;
 
 	case index_gitdir:
 		if (dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_OTHER_DIRECTORIES)
-			return ignore_directory;
-		return show_directory;
+			return path_none;
+		return path_untracked;
 
 	case index_nonexistent:
 		if (dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_OTHER_DIRECTORIES)
@@ -734,17 +1046,17 @@
 		if (!(dir->flags & DIR_NO_GITLINKS)) {
 			unsigned char sha1[20];
 			if (resolve_gitlink_ref(dirname, "HEAD", sha1) == 0)
-				return show_directory;
+				return path_untracked;
 		}
-		return recurse_into_directory;
+		return path_recurse;
 	}
 
 	/* This is the "show_other_directories" case */
+
 	if (!(dir->flags & DIR_HIDE_EMPTY_DIRECTORIES))
-		return show_directory;
-	if (!read_directory_recursive(dir, dirname, len, 1, simplify))
-		return ignore_directory;
-	return show_directory;
+		return exclude ? path_excluded : path_untracked;
+
+	return read_directory_recursive(dir, dirname, len, 1, simplify);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -859,65 +1171,40 @@
 	return dtype;
 }
 
-enum path_treatment {
-	path_ignored,
-	path_handled,
-	path_recurse
-};
-
 static enum path_treatment treat_one_path(struct dir_struct *dir,
 					  struct strbuf *path,
 					  const struct path_simplify *simplify,
 					  int dtype, struct dirent *de)
 {
-	int exclude = excluded(dir, path->buf, &dtype);
-	if (exclude && (dir->flags & DIR_COLLECT_IGNORED)
-	    && exclude_matches_pathspec(path->buf, path->len, simplify))
-		dir_add_ignored(dir, path->buf, path->len);
+	int exclude;
+	if (dtype == DT_UNKNOWN)
+		dtype = get_dtype(de, path->buf, path->len);
+
+	/* Always exclude indexed files */
+	if (dtype != DT_DIR &&
+	    cache_name_exists(path->buf, path->len, ignore_case))
+		return path_none;
+
+	exclude = is_excluded(dir, path->buf, &dtype);
 
 	/*
 	 * Excluded? If we don't explicitly want to show
 	 * ignored files, ignore it
 	 */
-	if (exclude && !(dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED))
-		return path_ignored;
-
-	if (dtype == DT_UNKNOWN)
-		dtype = get_dtype(de, path->buf, path->len);
-
-	/*
-	 * Do we want to see just the ignored files?
-	 * We still need to recurse into directories,
-	 * even if we don't ignore them, since the
-	 * directory may contain files that we do..
-	 */
-	if (!exclude && (dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED)) {
-		if (dtype != DT_DIR)
-			return path_ignored;
-	}
+	if (exclude && !(dir->flags & (DIR_SHOW_IGNORED|DIR_SHOW_IGNORED_TOO)))
+		return path_excluded;
 
 	switch (dtype) {
 	default:
-		return path_ignored;
+		return path_none;
 	case DT_DIR:
 		strbuf_addch(path, '/');
-		switch (treat_directory(dir, path->buf, path->len, simplify)) {
-		case show_directory:
-			if (exclude != !!(dir->flags
-					  & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED))
-				return path_ignored;
-			break;
-		case recurse_into_directory:
-			return path_recurse;
-		case ignore_directory:
-			return path_ignored;
-		}
-		break;
+		return treat_directory(dir, path->buf, path->len, exclude,
+			simplify);
 	case DT_REG:
 	case DT_LNK:
-		break;
+		return exclude ? path_excluded : path_untracked;
 	}
-	return path_handled;
 }
 
 static enum path_treatment treat_path(struct dir_struct *dir,
@@ -929,11 +1216,11 @@
 	int dtype;
 
 	if (is_dot_or_dotdot(de->d_name) || !strcmp(de->d_name, ".git"))
-		return path_ignored;
+		return path_none;
 	strbuf_setlen(path, baselen);
 	strbuf_addstr(path, de->d_name);
 	if (simplify_away(path->buf, path->len, simplify))
-		return path_ignored;
+		return path_none;
 
 	dtype = DTYPE(de);
 	return treat_one_path(dir, path, simplify, dtype, de);
@@ -947,14 +1234,16 @@
  *
  * Also, we ignore the name ".git" (even if it is not a directory).
  * That likely will not change.
+ *
+ * Returns the most significant path_treatment value encountered in the scan.
  */
-static int read_directory_recursive(struct dir_struct *dir,
+static enum path_treatment read_directory_recursive(struct dir_struct *dir,
 				    const char *base, int baselen,
 				    int check_only,
 				    const struct path_simplify *simplify)
 {
 	DIR *fdir;
-	int contents = 0;
+	enum path_treatment state, subdir_state, dir_state = path_none;
 	struct dirent *de;
 	struct strbuf path = STRBUF_INIT;
 
@@ -965,27 +1254,53 @@
 		goto out;
 
 	while ((de = readdir(fdir)) != NULL) {
-		switch (treat_path(dir, de, &path, baselen, simplify)) {
-		case path_recurse:
-			contents += read_directory_recursive(dir, path.buf,
-							     path.len, 0,
-							     simplify);
+		/* check how the file or directory should be treated */
+		state = treat_path(dir, de, &path, baselen, simplify);
+		if (state > dir_state)
+			dir_state = state;
+
+		/* recurse into subdir if instructed by treat_path */
+		if (state == path_recurse) {
+			subdir_state = read_directory_recursive(dir, path.buf,
+				path.len, check_only, simplify);
+			if (subdir_state > dir_state)
+				dir_state = subdir_state;
+		}
+
+		if (check_only) {
+			/* abort early if maximum state has been reached */
+			if (dir_state == path_untracked)
+				break;
+			/* skip the dir_add_* part */
 			continue;
-		case path_ignored:
-			continue;
-		case path_handled:
+		}
+
+		/* add the path to the appropriate result list */
+		switch (state) {
+		case path_excluded:
+			if (dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED)
+				dir_add_name(dir, path.buf, path.len);
+			else if ((dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED_TOO) ||
+				((dir->flags & DIR_COLLECT_IGNORED) &&
+				exclude_matches_pathspec(path.buf, path.len,
+					simplify)))
+				dir_add_ignored(dir, path.buf, path.len);
+			break;
+
+		case path_untracked:
+			if (!(dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED))
+				dir_add_name(dir, path.buf, path.len);
+			break;
+
+		default:
 			break;
 		}
-		contents++;
-		if (check_only)
-			break;
-		dir_add_name(dir, path.buf, path.len);
 	}
 	closedir(fdir);
  out:
 	strbuf_release(&path);
 
-	return contents;
+	return dir_state;
 }
 
 static int cmp_name(const void *p1, const void *p2)
@@ -997,21 +1312,6 @@
 				  e2->name, e2->len);
 }
 
-/*
- * Return the length of the "simple" part of a path match limiter.
- */
-static int simple_length(const char *match)
-{
-	int len = -1;
-
-	for (;;) {
-		unsigned char c = *match++;
-		len++;
-		if (c == '\0' || is_glob_special(c))
-			return len;
-	}
-}
-
 static struct path_simplify *create_simplify(const char **pathspec)
 {
 	int nr, alloc = 0;
@@ -1049,12 +1349,14 @@
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int baselen, rc = 0;
 	const char *cp;
+	int old_flags = dir->flags;
 
 	while (len && path[len - 1] == '/')
 		len--;
 	if (!len)
 		return 1;
 	baselen = 0;
+	dir->flags &= ~DIR_SHOW_OTHER_DIRECTORIES;
 	while (1) {
 		cp = path + baselen + !!baselen;
 		cp = memchr(cp, '/', path + len - cp);
@@ -1069,7 +1371,7 @@
 		if (simplify_away(sb.buf, sb.len, simplify))
 			break;
 		if (treat_one_path(dir, &sb, simplify,
-				   DT_DIR, NULL) == path_ignored)
+				   DT_DIR, NULL) == path_none)
 			break; /* do not recurse into it */
 		if (len <= baselen) {
 			rc = 1;
@@ -1077,6 +1379,7 @@
 		}
 	}
 	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	dir->flags = old_flags;
 	return rc;
 }
 
@@ -1234,12 +1537,17 @@
 void setup_standard_excludes(struct dir_struct *dir)
 {
 	const char *path;
+	char *xdg_path;
 
 	dir->exclude_per_dir = ".gitignore";
 	path = git_path("info/exclude");
-	if (!access(path, R_OK))
+	if (!excludes_file) {
+		home_config_paths(NULL, &xdg_path, "ignore");
+		excludes_file = xdg_path;
+	}
+	if (!access_or_warn(path, R_OK, 0))
 		add_excludes_from_file(dir, path);
-	if (excludes_file && !access(excludes_file, R_OK))
+	if (excludes_file && !access_or_warn(excludes_file, R_OK, 0))
 		add_excludes_from_file(dir, excludes_file);
 }
 
@@ -1247,7 +1555,7 @@
 {
 	char *slash;
 
-	if (unlink(name) && errno != ENOENT)
+	if (unlink(name) && errno != ENOENT && errno != ENOTDIR)
 		return -1;
 
 	slash = strrchr(name, '/');
@@ -1293,9 +1601,18 @@
 
 		item->match = path;
 		item->len = strlen(path);
-		item->use_wildcard = !no_wildcard(path);
-		if (item->use_wildcard)
-			pathspec->has_wildcard = 1;
+		item->flags = 0;
+		if (limit_pathspec_to_literal()) {
+			item->nowildcard_len = item->len;
+		} else {
+			item->nowildcard_len = simple_length(path);
+			if (item->nowildcard_len < item->len) {
+				pathspec->has_wildcard = 1;
+				if (path[item->nowildcard_len] == '*' &&
+				    no_wildcard(path + item->nowildcard_len + 1))
+					item->flags |= PATHSPEC_ONESTAR;
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
 	qsort(pathspec->items, pathspec->nr,
@@ -1309,3 +1626,41 @@
 	free(pathspec->items);
 	pathspec->items = NULL;
 }
+
+int limit_pathspec_to_literal(void)
+{
+	static int flag = -1;
+	if (flag < 0)
+		flag = git_env_bool(GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT, 0);
+	return flag;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Frees memory within dir which was allocated for exclude lists and
+ * the exclude_stack.  Does not free dir itself.
+ */
+void clear_directory(struct dir_struct *dir)
+{
+	int i, j;
+	struct exclude_list_group *group;
+	struct exclude_list *el;
+	struct exclude_stack *stk;
+
+	for (i = EXC_CMDL; i <= EXC_FILE; i++) {
+		group = &dir->exclude_list_group[i];
+		for (j = 0; j < group->nr; j++) {
+			el = &group->el[j];
+			if (i == EXC_DIRS)
+				free((char *)el->src);
+			clear_exclude_list(el);
+		}
+		free(group->el);
+	}
+
+	stk = dir->exclude_stack;
+	while (stk) {
+		struct exclude_stack *prev = stk->prev;
+		free(stk);
+		stk = prev;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/dir.h b/dir.h
index 58b6fc7..3d6b80c 100644
--- a/dir.h
+++ b/dir.h
@@ -1,34 +1,74 @@
 #ifndef DIR_H
 #define DIR_H
 
+/* See Documentation/technical/api-directory-listing.txt */
+
+#include "strbuf.h"
+
 struct dir_entry {
 	unsigned int len;
 	char name[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
 };
 
 #define EXC_FLAG_NODIR 1
-#define EXC_FLAG_NOWILDCARD 2
 #define EXC_FLAG_ENDSWITH 4
 #define EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR 8
+#define EXC_FLAG_NEGATIVE 16
 
+/*
+ * Each excludes file will be parsed into a fresh exclude_list which
+ * is appended to the relevant exclude_list_group (either EXC_DIRS or
+ * EXC_FILE).  An exclude_list within the EXC_CMDL exclude_list_group
+ * can also be used to represent the list of --exclude values passed
+ * via CLI args.
+ */
 struct exclude_list {
 	int nr;
 	int alloc;
+
+	/* remember pointer to exclude file contents so we can free() */
+	char *filebuf;
+
+	/* origin of list, e.g. path to filename, or descriptive string */
+	const char *src;
+
 	struct exclude {
+		/*
+		 * This allows callers of last_exclude_matching() etc.
+		 * to determine the origin of the matching pattern.
+		 */
+		struct exclude_list *el;
+
 		const char *pattern;
 		int patternlen;
+		int nowildcardlen;
 		const char *base;
 		int baselen;
-		int to_exclude;
 		int flags;
+
+		/*
+		 * Counting starts from 1 for line numbers in ignore files,
+		 * and from -1 decrementing for patterns from CLI args.
+		 */
+		int srcpos;
 	} **excludes;
 };
 
+/*
+ * The contents of the per-directory exclude files are lazily read on
+ * demand and then cached in memory, one per exclude_stack struct, in
+ * order to avoid opening and parsing each one every time that
+ * directory is traversed.
+ */
 struct exclude_stack {
-	struct exclude_stack *prev;
-	char *filebuf;
+	struct exclude_stack *prev; /* the struct exclude_stack for the parent directory */
 	int baselen;
-	int exclude_ix;
+	int exclude_ix; /* index of exclude_list within EXC_DIRS exclude_list_group */
+};
+
+struct exclude_list_group {
+	int nr, alloc;
+	struct exclude_list *el;
 };
 
 struct dir_struct {
@@ -39,28 +79,52 @@
 		DIR_SHOW_OTHER_DIRECTORIES = 1<<1,
 		DIR_HIDE_EMPTY_DIRECTORIES = 1<<2,
 		DIR_NO_GITLINKS = 1<<3,
-		DIR_COLLECT_IGNORED = 1<<4
+		DIR_COLLECT_IGNORED = 1<<4,
+		DIR_SHOW_IGNORED_TOO = 1<<5
 	} flags;
 	struct dir_entry **entries;
 	struct dir_entry **ignored;
 
 	/* Exclude info */
 	const char *exclude_per_dir;
-	struct exclude_list exclude_list[3];
+
 	/*
-	 * We maintain three exclude pattern lists:
+	 * We maintain three groups of exclude pattern lists:
+	 *
 	 * EXC_CMDL lists patterns explicitly given on the command line.
 	 * EXC_DIRS lists patterns obtained from per-directory ignore files.
-	 * EXC_FILE lists patterns from fallback ignore files.
+	 * EXC_FILE lists patterns from fallback ignore files, e.g.
+	 *   - .git/info/exclude
+	 *   - core.excludesfile
+	 *
+	 * Each group contains multiple exclude lists, a single list
+	 * per source.
 	 */
 #define EXC_CMDL 0
 #define EXC_DIRS 1
 #define EXC_FILE 2
+	struct exclude_list_group exclude_list_group[3];
 
+	/*
+	 * Temporary variables which are used during loading of the
+	 * per-directory exclude lists.
+	 *
+	 * exclude_stack points to the top of the exclude_stack, and
+	 * basebuf contains the full path to the current
+	 * (sub)directory in the traversal. Exclude points to the
+	 * matching exclude struct if the directory is excluded.
+	 */
 	struct exclude_stack *exclude_stack;
+	struct exclude *exclude;
 	char basebuf[PATH_MAX];
 };
 
+/*
+ * The ordering of these constants is significant, with
+ * higher-numbered match types signifying "closer" (i.e. more
+ * specific) matches which will override lower-numbered match types
+ * when populating the seen[] array.
+ */
 #define MATCHED_RECURSIVELY 1
 #define MATCHED_FNMATCH 2
 #define MATCHED_EXACTLY 3
@@ -74,16 +138,35 @@
 extern int fill_directory(struct dir_struct *dir, const char **pathspec);
 extern int read_directory(struct dir_struct *, const char *path, int len, const char **pathspec);
 
-extern int excluded_from_list(const char *pathname, int pathlen, const char *basename,
-			      int *dtype, struct exclude_list *el);
-extern int excluded(struct dir_struct *, const char *, int *);
+extern int is_excluded_from_list(const char *pathname, int pathlen, const char *basename,
+				 int *dtype, struct exclude_list *el);
 struct dir_entry *dir_add_ignored(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *pathname, int len);
+
+/*
+ * these implement the matching logic for dir.c:excluded_from_list and
+ * attr.c:path_matches()
+ */
+extern int match_basename(const char *, int,
+			  const char *, int, int, int);
+extern int match_pathname(const char *, int,
+			  const char *, int,
+			  const char *, int, int, int);
+
+extern struct exclude *last_exclude_matching(struct dir_struct *dir,
+					     const char *name, int *dtype);
+
+extern int is_excluded(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *name, int *dtype);
+
+extern struct exclude_list *add_exclude_list(struct dir_struct *dir,
+					     int group_type, const char *src);
 extern int add_excludes_from_file_to_list(const char *fname, const char *base, int baselen,
-					  char **buf_p, struct exclude_list *which, int check_index);
+					  struct exclude_list *el, int check_index);
 extern void add_excludes_from_file(struct dir_struct *, const char *fname);
+extern void parse_exclude_pattern(const char **string, int *patternlen, int *flags, int *nowildcardlen);
 extern void add_exclude(const char *string, const char *base,
-			int baselen, struct exclude_list *which);
-extern void free_excludes(struct exclude_list *el);
+			int baselen, struct exclude_list *el, int srcpos);
+extern void clear_exclude_list(struct exclude_list *el);
+extern void clear_directory(struct dir_struct *dir);
 extern int file_exists(const char *);
 
 extern int is_inside_dir(const char *dir);
@@ -112,4 +195,13 @@
 extern int strncmp_icase(const char *a, const char *b, size_t count);
 extern int fnmatch_icase(const char *pattern, const char *string, int flags);
 
+/*
+ * The prefix part of pattern must not contains wildcards.
+ */
+#define GFNM_PATHNAME 1		/* similar to FNM_PATHNAME */
+#define GFNM_ONESTAR  2		/* there is only _one_ wildcard, a star */
+
+extern int git_fnmatch(const char *pattern, const char *string,
+		       int flags, int prefix);
+
 #endif
diff --git a/editor.c b/editor.c
index d834003..27bdecd 100644
--- a/editor.c
+++ b/editor.c
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "strbuf.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
+#include "sigchain.h"
 
 #ifndef DEFAULT_EDITOR
 #define DEFAULT_EDITOR "vi"
@@ -37,8 +38,25 @@
 
 	if (strcmp(editor, ":")) {
 		const char *args[] = { editor, path, NULL };
+		struct child_process p;
+		int ret, sig;
 
-		if (run_command_v_opt_cd_env(args, RUN_USING_SHELL, NULL, env))
+		memset(&p, 0, sizeof(p));
+		p.argv = args;
+		p.env = env;
+		p.use_shell = 1;
+		if (start_command(&p) < 0)
+			return error("unable to start editor '%s'", editor);
+
+		sigchain_push(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
+		sigchain_push(SIGQUIT, SIG_IGN);
+		ret = finish_command(&p);
+		sig = ret - 128;
+		sigchain_pop(SIGINT);
+		sigchain_pop(SIGQUIT);
+		if (sig == SIGINT || sig == SIGQUIT)
+			raise(sig);
+		if (ret)
 			return error("There was a problem with the editor '%s'.",
 					editor);
 	}
diff --git a/entry.c b/entry.c
index 17a6bcc..d7c131d 100644
--- a/entry.c
+++ b/entry.c
@@ -120,16 +120,18 @@
 				 const struct checkout *state, int to_tempfile,
 				 int *fstat_done, struct stat *statbuf)
 {
-	int result = -1;
+	int result = 0;
 	int fd;
 
 	fd = open_output_fd(path, ce, to_tempfile);
-	if (0 <= fd) {
-		result = stream_blob_to_fd(fd, ce->sha1, filter, 1);
-		*fstat_done = fstat_output(fd, state, statbuf);
-		result = close(fd);
-	}
-	if (result && 0 <= fd)
+	if (fd < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	result |= stream_blob_to_fd(fd, ce->sha1, filter, 1);
+	*fstat_done = fstat_output(fd, state, statbuf);
+	result |= close(fd);
+
+	if (result)
 		unlink(path);
 	return result;
 }
@@ -145,7 +147,7 @@
 	struct stat st;
 
 	if (ce_mode_s_ifmt == S_IFREG) {
-		struct stream_filter *filter = get_stream_filter(path, ce->sha1);
+		struct stream_filter *filter = get_stream_filter(ce->name, ce->sha1);
 		if (filter &&
 		    !streaming_write_entry(ce, path, filter,
 					   state, to_tempfile,
diff --git a/environment.c b/environment.c
index 669e498..e2e75c1 100644
--- a/environment.c
+++ b/environment.c
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 
 int trust_executable_bit = 1;
 int trust_ctime = 1;
+int check_stat = 1;
 int has_symlinks = 1;
 int minimum_abbrev = 4, default_abbrev = 7;
 int ignore_case;
@@ -58,9 +59,16 @@
 int grafts_replace_parents = 1;
 int core_apply_sparse_checkout;
 int merge_log_config = -1;
+int precomposed_unicode = -1; /* see probe_utf8_pathname_composition() */
 struct startup_info *startup_info;
 unsigned long pack_size_limit_cfg;
 
+/*
+ * The character that begins a commented line in user-editable file
+ * that is subject to stripspace.
+ */
+char comment_line_char = '#';
+
 /* Parallel index stat data preload? */
 int core_preload_index = 0;
 
@@ -75,20 +83,20 @@
 static char *git_object_dir, *git_index_file, *git_graft_file;
 
 /*
- * Repository-local GIT_* environment variables
- * Remember to update local_repo_env_size in cache.h when
- * the size of the list changes
+ * Repository-local GIT_* environment variables; see cache.h for details.
  */
-const char * const local_repo_env[LOCAL_REPO_ENV_SIZE + 1] = {
+const char * const local_repo_env[] = {
 	ALTERNATE_DB_ENVIRONMENT,
 	CONFIG_ENVIRONMENT,
 	CONFIG_DATA_ENVIRONMENT,
 	DB_ENVIRONMENT,
 	GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT,
 	GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT,
+	GIT_IMPLICIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT,
 	GRAFT_ENVIRONMENT,
 	INDEX_ENVIRONMENT,
 	NO_REPLACE_OBJECTS_ENVIRONMENT,
+	GIT_PREFIX_ENVIRONMENT,
 	NULL
 };
 
diff --git a/fast-import.c b/fast-import.c
index eed97c8..5f539d7 100644
--- a/fast-import.c
+++ b/fast-import.c
@@ -1691,7 +1691,7 @@
 			return error("Branch %s is missing commits.", b->name);
 		}
 
-		if (!in_merge_bases(old_cmit, &new_cmit, 1)) {
+		if (!in_merge_bases(old_cmit, new_cmit)) {
 			unlock_ref(lock);
 			warning("Not updating %s"
 				" (new tip %s does not contain %s)",
@@ -2265,7 +2265,7 @@
 	const char *p = command_buf.buf + 2;
 	static struct strbuf uq = STRBUF_INIT;
 	const char *endp;
-	struct object_entry *oe = oe;
+	struct object_entry *oe;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	uint16_t mode, inline_data = 0;
 
@@ -2292,6 +2292,7 @@
 		hashcpy(sha1, oe->idx.sha1);
 	} else if (!prefixcmp(p, "inline ")) {
 		inline_data = 1;
+		oe = NULL; /* not used with inline_data, but makes gcc happy */
 		p += strlen("inline");  /* advance to space */
 	} else {
 		if (get_sha1_hex(p, sha1))
@@ -2434,7 +2435,7 @@
 {
 	const char *p = command_buf.buf + 2;
 	static struct strbuf uq = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct object_entry *oe = oe;
+	struct object_entry *oe;
 	struct branch *s;
 	unsigned char sha1[20], commit_sha1[20];
 	char path[60];
@@ -2464,6 +2465,7 @@
 		hashcpy(sha1, oe->idx.sha1);
 	} else if (!prefixcmp(p, "inline ")) {
 		inline_data = 1;
+		oe = NULL; /* not used with inline_data, but makes gcc happy */
 		p += strlen("inline");  /* advance to space */
 	} else {
 		if (get_sha1_hex(p, sha1))
@@ -2613,7 +2615,7 @@
 
 static struct hash_list *parse_merge(unsigned int *count)
 {
-	struct hash_list *list = NULL, *n, *e = e;
+	struct hash_list *list = NULL, **tail = &list, *n;
 	const char *from;
 	struct branch *s;
 
@@ -2641,11 +2643,9 @@
 			die("Invalid ref name or SHA1 expression: %s", from);
 
 		n->next = NULL;
-		if (list)
-			e->next = n;
-		else
-			list = n;
-		e = n;
+		*tail = n;
+		tail = &n->next;
+
 		(*count)++;
 		read_next_command();
 	}
diff --git a/fetch-pack.c b/fetch-pack.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6b5467c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fetch-pack.c
@@ -0,0 +1,991 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "pkt-line.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "exec_cmd.h"
+#include "pack.h"
+#include "sideband.h"
+#include "fetch-pack.h"
+#include "remote.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "transport.h"
+#include "version.h"
+
+static int transfer_unpack_limit = -1;
+static int fetch_unpack_limit = -1;
+static int unpack_limit = 100;
+static int prefer_ofs_delta = 1;
+static int no_done;
+static int fetch_fsck_objects = -1;
+static int transfer_fsck_objects = -1;
+static int agent_supported;
+static struct lock_file shallow_lock;
+static const char *alternate_shallow_file;
+
+#define COMPLETE	(1U << 0)
+#define COMMON		(1U << 1)
+#define COMMON_REF	(1U << 2)
+#define SEEN		(1U << 3)
+#define POPPED		(1U << 4)
+
+static int marked;
+
+/*
+ * After sending this many "have"s if we do not get any new ACK , we
+ * give up traversing our history.
+ */
+#define MAX_IN_VAIN 256
+
+static struct commit_list *rev_list;
+static int non_common_revs, multi_ack, use_sideband, allow_tip_sha1_in_want;
+
+static void rev_list_push(struct commit *commit, int mark)
+{
+	if (!(commit->object.flags & mark)) {
+		commit->object.flags |= mark;
+
+		if (!(commit->object.parsed))
+			if (parse_commit(commit))
+				return;
+
+		commit_list_insert_by_date(commit, &rev_list);
+
+		if (!(commit->object.flags & COMMON))
+			non_common_revs++;
+	}
+}
+
+static int rev_list_insert_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct object *o = deref_tag(parse_object(sha1), refname, 0);
+
+	if (o && o->type == OBJ_COMMIT)
+		rev_list_push((struct commit *)o, SEEN);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int clear_marks(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct object *o = deref_tag(parse_object(sha1), refname, 0);
+
+	if (o && o->type == OBJ_COMMIT)
+		clear_commit_marks((struct commit *)o,
+				   COMMON | COMMON_REF | SEEN | POPPED);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+   This function marks a rev and its ancestors as common.
+   In some cases, it is desirable to mark only the ancestors (for example
+   when only the server does not yet know that they are common).
+*/
+
+static void mark_common(struct commit *commit,
+		int ancestors_only, int dont_parse)
+{
+	if (commit != NULL && !(commit->object.flags & COMMON)) {
+		struct object *o = (struct object *)commit;
+
+		if (!ancestors_only)
+			o->flags |= COMMON;
+
+		if (!(o->flags & SEEN))
+			rev_list_push(commit, SEEN);
+		else {
+			struct commit_list *parents;
+
+			if (!ancestors_only && !(o->flags & POPPED))
+				non_common_revs--;
+			if (!o->parsed && !dont_parse)
+				if (parse_commit(commit))
+					return;
+
+			for (parents = commit->parents;
+					parents;
+					parents = parents->next)
+				mark_common(parents->item, 0, dont_parse);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+  Get the next rev to send, ignoring the common.
+*/
+
+static const unsigned char *get_rev(void)
+{
+	struct commit *commit = NULL;
+
+	while (commit == NULL) {
+		unsigned int mark;
+		struct commit_list *parents;
+
+		if (rev_list == NULL || non_common_revs == 0)
+			return NULL;
+
+		commit = rev_list->item;
+		if (!commit->object.parsed)
+			parse_commit(commit);
+		parents = commit->parents;
+
+		commit->object.flags |= POPPED;
+		if (!(commit->object.flags & COMMON))
+			non_common_revs--;
+
+		if (commit->object.flags & COMMON) {
+			/* do not send "have", and ignore ancestors */
+			commit = NULL;
+			mark = COMMON | SEEN;
+		} else if (commit->object.flags & COMMON_REF)
+			/* send "have", and ignore ancestors */
+			mark = COMMON | SEEN;
+		else
+			/* send "have", also for its ancestors */
+			mark = SEEN;
+
+		while (parents) {
+			if (!(parents->item->object.flags & SEEN))
+				rev_list_push(parents->item, mark);
+			if (mark & COMMON)
+				mark_common(parents->item, 1, 0);
+			parents = parents->next;
+		}
+
+		rev_list = rev_list->next;
+	}
+
+	return commit->object.sha1;
+}
+
+enum ack_type {
+	NAK = 0,
+	ACK,
+	ACK_continue,
+	ACK_common,
+	ACK_ready
+};
+
+static void consume_shallow_list(struct fetch_pack_args *args, int fd)
+{
+	if (args->stateless_rpc && args->depth > 0) {
+		/* If we sent a depth we will get back "duplicate"
+		 * shallow and unshallow commands every time there
+		 * is a block of have lines exchanged.
+		 */
+		char *line;
+		while ((line = packet_read_line(fd, NULL))) {
+			if (!prefixcmp(line, "shallow "))
+				continue;
+			if (!prefixcmp(line, "unshallow "))
+				continue;
+			die("git fetch-pack: expected shallow list");
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+struct write_shallow_data {
+	struct strbuf *out;
+	int use_pack_protocol;
+	int count;
+};
+
+static int write_one_shallow(const struct commit_graft *graft, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct write_shallow_data *data = cb_data;
+	const char *hex = sha1_to_hex(graft->sha1);
+	data->count++;
+	if (data->use_pack_protocol)
+		packet_buf_write(data->out, "shallow %s", hex);
+	else {
+		strbuf_addstr(data->out, hex);
+		strbuf_addch(data->out, '\n');
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int write_shallow_commits(struct strbuf *out, int use_pack_protocol)
+{
+	struct write_shallow_data data;
+	data.out = out;
+	data.use_pack_protocol = use_pack_protocol;
+	data.count = 0;
+	for_each_commit_graft(write_one_shallow, &data);
+	return data.count;
+}
+
+static enum ack_type get_ack(int fd, unsigned char *result_sha1)
+{
+	int len;
+	char *line = packet_read_line(fd, &len);
+
+	if (!len)
+		die("git fetch-pack: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF");
+	if (!strcmp(line, "NAK"))
+		return NAK;
+	if (!prefixcmp(line, "ACK ")) {
+		if (!get_sha1_hex(line+4, result_sha1)) {
+			if (len < 45)
+				return ACK;
+			if (strstr(line+45, "continue"))
+				return ACK_continue;
+			if (strstr(line+45, "common"))
+				return ACK_common;
+			if (strstr(line+45, "ready"))
+				return ACK_ready;
+			return ACK;
+		}
+	}
+	die("git fetch_pack: expected ACK/NAK, got '%s'", line);
+}
+
+static void send_request(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
+			 int fd, struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	if (args->stateless_rpc) {
+		send_sideband(fd, -1, buf->buf, buf->len, LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
+		packet_flush(fd);
+	} else
+		write_or_die(fd, buf->buf, buf->len);
+}
+
+static void insert_one_alternate_ref(const struct ref *ref, void *unused)
+{
+	rev_list_insert_ref(NULL, ref->old_sha1, 0, NULL);
+}
+
+#define INITIAL_FLUSH 16
+#define PIPESAFE_FLUSH 32
+#define LARGE_FLUSH 1024
+
+static int next_flush(struct fetch_pack_args *args, int count)
+{
+	int flush_limit = args->stateless_rpc ? LARGE_FLUSH : PIPESAFE_FLUSH;
+
+	if (count < flush_limit)
+		count <<= 1;
+	else
+		count += flush_limit;
+	return count;
+}
+
+static int find_common(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
+		       int fd[2], unsigned char *result_sha1,
+		       struct ref *refs)
+{
+	int fetching;
+	int count = 0, flushes = 0, flush_at = INITIAL_FLUSH, retval;
+	const unsigned char *sha1;
+	unsigned in_vain = 0;
+	int got_continue = 0;
+	int got_ready = 0;
+	struct strbuf req_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	size_t state_len = 0;
+
+	if (args->stateless_rpc && multi_ack == 1)
+		die("--stateless-rpc requires multi_ack_detailed");
+	if (marked)
+		for_each_ref(clear_marks, NULL);
+	marked = 1;
+
+	for_each_ref(rev_list_insert_ref, NULL);
+	for_each_alternate_ref(insert_one_alternate_ref, NULL);
+
+	fetching = 0;
+	for ( ; refs ; refs = refs->next) {
+		unsigned char *remote = refs->old_sha1;
+		const char *remote_hex;
+		struct object *o;
+
+		/*
+		 * If that object is complete (i.e. it is an ancestor of a
+		 * local ref), we tell them we have it but do not have to
+		 * tell them about its ancestors, which they already know
+		 * about.
+		 *
+		 * We use lookup_object here because we are only
+		 * interested in the case we *know* the object is
+		 * reachable and we have already scanned it.
+		 */
+		if (((o = lookup_object(remote)) != NULL) &&
+				(o->flags & COMPLETE)) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		remote_hex = sha1_to_hex(remote);
+		if (!fetching) {
+			struct strbuf c = STRBUF_INIT;
+			if (multi_ack == 2)     strbuf_addstr(&c, " multi_ack_detailed");
+			if (multi_ack == 1)     strbuf_addstr(&c, " multi_ack");
+			if (no_done)            strbuf_addstr(&c, " no-done");
+			if (use_sideband == 2)  strbuf_addstr(&c, " side-band-64k");
+			if (use_sideband == 1)  strbuf_addstr(&c, " side-band");
+			if (args->use_thin_pack) strbuf_addstr(&c, " thin-pack");
+			if (args->no_progress)   strbuf_addstr(&c, " no-progress");
+			if (args->include_tag)   strbuf_addstr(&c, " include-tag");
+			if (prefer_ofs_delta)   strbuf_addstr(&c, " ofs-delta");
+			if (agent_supported)    strbuf_addf(&c, " agent=%s",
+							    git_user_agent_sanitized());
+			packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "want %s%s\n", remote_hex, c.buf);
+			strbuf_release(&c);
+		} else
+			packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "want %s\n", remote_hex);
+		fetching++;
+	}
+
+	if (!fetching) {
+		strbuf_release(&req_buf);
+		packet_flush(fd[1]);
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	if (is_repository_shallow())
+		write_shallow_commits(&req_buf, 1);
+	if (args->depth > 0)
+		packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "deepen %d", args->depth);
+	packet_buf_flush(&req_buf);
+	state_len = req_buf.len;
+
+	if (args->depth > 0) {
+		char *line;
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+		send_request(args, fd[1], &req_buf);
+		while ((line = packet_read_line(fd[0], NULL))) {
+			if (!prefixcmp(line, "shallow ")) {
+				if (get_sha1_hex(line + 8, sha1))
+					die("invalid shallow line: %s", line);
+				register_shallow(sha1);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!prefixcmp(line, "unshallow ")) {
+				if (get_sha1_hex(line + 10, sha1))
+					die("invalid unshallow line: %s", line);
+				if (!lookup_object(sha1))
+					die("object not found: %s", line);
+				/* make sure that it is parsed as shallow */
+				if (!parse_object(sha1))
+					die("error in object: %s", line);
+				if (unregister_shallow(sha1))
+					die("no shallow found: %s", line);
+				continue;
+			}
+			die("expected shallow/unshallow, got %s", line);
+		}
+	} else if (!args->stateless_rpc)
+		send_request(args, fd[1], &req_buf);
+
+	if (!args->stateless_rpc) {
+		/* If we aren't using the stateless-rpc interface
+		 * we don't need to retain the headers.
+		 */
+		strbuf_setlen(&req_buf, 0);
+		state_len = 0;
+	}
+
+	flushes = 0;
+	retval = -1;
+	while ((sha1 = get_rev())) {
+		packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "have %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		if (args->verbose)
+			fprintf(stderr, "have %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		in_vain++;
+		if (flush_at <= ++count) {
+			int ack;
+
+			packet_buf_flush(&req_buf);
+			send_request(args, fd[1], &req_buf);
+			strbuf_setlen(&req_buf, state_len);
+			flushes++;
+			flush_at = next_flush(args, count);
+
+			/*
+			 * We keep one window "ahead" of the other side, and
+			 * will wait for an ACK only on the next one
+			 */
+			if (!args->stateless_rpc && count == INITIAL_FLUSH)
+				continue;
+
+			consume_shallow_list(args, fd[0]);
+			do {
+				ack = get_ack(fd[0], result_sha1);
+				if (args->verbose && ack)
+					fprintf(stderr, "got ack %d %s\n", ack,
+							sha1_to_hex(result_sha1));
+				switch (ack) {
+				case ACK:
+					flushes = 0;
+					multi_ack = 0;
+					retval = 0;
+					goto done;
+				case ACK_common:
+				case ACK_ready:
+				case ACK_continue: {
+					struct commit *commit =
+						lookup_commit(result_sha1);
+					if (!commit)
+						die("invalid commit %s", sha1_to_hex(result_sha1));
+					if (args->stateless_rpc
+					 && ack == ACK_common
+					 && !(commit->object.flags & COMMON)) {
+						/* We need to replay the have for this object
+						 * on the next RPC request so the peer knows
+						 * it is in common with us.
+						 */
+						const char *hex = sha1_to_hex(result_sha1);
+						packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "have %s\n", hex);
+						state_len = req_buf.len;
+					}
+					mark_common(commit, 0, 1);
+					retval = 0;
+					in_vain = 0;
+					got_continue = 1;
+					if (ack == ACK_ready) {
+						rev_list = NULL;
+						got_ready = 1;
+					}
+					break;
+					}
+				}
+			} while (ack);
+			flushes--;
+			if (got_continue && MAX_IN_VAIN < in_vain) {
+				if (args->verbose)
+					fprintf(stderr, "giving up\n");
+				break; /* give up */
+			}
+		}
+	}
+done:
+	if (!got_ready || !no_done) {
+		packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "done\n");
+		send_request(args, fd[1], &req_buf);
+	}
+	if (args->verbose)
+		fprintf(stderr, "done\n");
+	if (retval != 0) {
+		multi_ack = 0;
+		flushes++;
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&req_buf);
+
+	consume_shallow_list(args, fd[0]);
+	while (flushes || multi_ack) {
+		int ack = get_ack(fd[0], result_sha1);
+		if (ack) {
+			if (args->verbose)
+				fprintf(stderr, "got ack (%d) %s\n", ack,
+					sha1_to_hex(result_sha1));
+			if (ack == ACK)
+				return 0;
+			multi_ack = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		flushes--;
+	}
+	/* it is no error to fetch into a completely empty repo */
+	return count ? retval : 0;
+}
+
+static struct commit_list *complete;
+
+static int mark_complete(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct object *o = parse_object(sha1);
+
+	while (o && o->type == OBJ_TAG) {
+		struct tag *t = (struct tag *) o;
+		if (!t->tagged)
+			break; /* broken repository */
+		o->flags |= COMPLETE;
+		o = parse_object(t->tagged->sha1);
+	}
+	if (o && o->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
+		struct commit *commit = (struct commit *)o;
+		if (!(commit->object.flags & COMPLETE)) {
+			commit->object.flags |= COMPLETE;
+			commit_list_insert_by_date(commit, &complete);
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void mark_recent_complete_commits(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
+					 unsigned long cutoff)
+{
+	while (complete && cutoff <= complete->item->date) {
+		if (args->verbose)
+			fprintf(stderr, "Marking %s as complete\n",
+				sha1_to_hex(complete->item->object.sha1));
+		pop_most_recent_commit(&complete, COMPLETE);
+	}
+}
+
+static void filter_refs(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
+			struct ref **refs,
+			struct ref **sought, int nr_sought)
+{
+	struct ref *newlist = NULL;
+	struct ref **newtail = &newlist;
+	struct ref *ref, *next;
+	int i;
+
+	i = 0;
+	for (ref = *refs; ref; ref = next) {
+		int keep = 0;
+		next = ref->next;
+
+		if (!memcmp(ref->name, "refs/", 5) &&
+		    check_refname_format(ref->name + 5, 0))
+			; /* trash */
+		else {
+			while (i < nr_sought) {
+				int cmp = strcmp(ref->name, sought[i]->name);
+				if (cmp < 0)
+					break; /* definitely do not have it */
+				else if (cmp == 0) {
+					keep = 1; /* definitely have it */
+					sought[i]->matched = 1;
+				}
+				i++;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (!keep && args->fetch_all &&
+		    (!args->depth || prefixcmp(ref->name, "refs/tags/")))
+			keep = 1;
+
+		if (keep) {
+			*newtail = ref;
+			ref->next = NULL;
+			newtail = &ref->next;
+		} else {
+			free(ref);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Append unmatched requests to the list */
+	if (allow_tip_sha1_in_want) {
+		for (i = 0; i < nr_sought; i++) {
+			ref = sought[i];
+			if (ref->matched)
+				continue;
+			if (get_sha1_hex(ref->name, ref->old_sha1))
+				continue;
+
+			ref->matched = 1;
+			*newtail = ref;
+			ref->next = NULL;
+			newtail = &ref->next;
+		}
+	}
+	*refs = newlist;
+}
+
+static void mark_alternate_complete(const struct ref *ref, void *unused)
+{
+	mark_complete(NULL, ref->old_sha1, 0, NULL);
+}
+
+static int everything_local(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
+			    struct ref **refs,
+			    struct ref **sought, int nr_sought)
+{
+	struct ref *ref;
+	int retval;
+	unsigned long cutoff = 0;
+
+	save_commit_buffer = 0;
+
+	for (ref = *refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		struct object *o;
+
+		if (!has_sha1_file(ref->old_sha1))
+			continue;
+
+		o = parse_object(ref->old_sha1);
+		if (!o)
+			continue;
+
+		/* We already have it -- which may mean that we were
+		 * in sync with the other side at some time after
+		 * that (it is OK if we guess wrong here).
+		 */
+		if (o->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
+			struct commit *commit = (struct commit *)o;
+			if (!cutoff || cutoff < commit->date)
+				cutoff = commit->date;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!args->depth) {
+		for_each_ref(mark_complete, NULL);
+		for_each_alternate_ref(mark_alternate_complete, NULL);
+		if (cutoff)
+			mark_recent_complete_commits(args, cutoff);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Mark all complete remote refs as common refs.
+	 * Don't mark them common yet; the server has to be told so first.
+	 */
+	for (ref = *refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		struct object *o = deref_tag(lookup_object(ref->old_sha1),
+					     NULL, 0);
+
+		if (!o || o->type != OBJ_COMMIT || !(o->flags & COMPLETE))
+			continue;
+
+		if (!(o->flags & SEEN)) {
+			rev_list_push((struct commit *)o, COMMON_REF | SEEN);
+
+			mark_common((struct commit *)o, 1, 1);
+		}
+	}
+
+	filter_refs(args, refs, sought, nr_sought);
+
+	for (retval = 1, ref = *refs; ref ; ref = ref->next) {
+		const unsigned char *remote = ref->old_sha1;
+		unsigned char local[20];
+		struct object *o;
+
+		o = lookup_object(remote);
+		if (!o || !(o->flags & COMPLETE)) {
+			retval = 0;
+			if (!args->verbose)
+				continue;
+			fprintf(stderr,
+				"want %s (%s)\n", sha1_to_hex(remote),
+				ref->name);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		hashcpy(ref->new_sha1, local);
+		if (!args->verbose)
+			continue;
+		fprintf(stderr,
+			"already have %s (%s)\n", sha1_to_hex(remote),
+			ref->name);
+	}
+	return retval;
+}
+
+static int sideband_demux(int in, int out, void *data)
+{
+	int *xd = data;
+
+	int ret = recv_sideband("fetch-pack", xd[0], out);
+	close(out);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int get_pack(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
+		    int xd[2], char **pack_lockfile)
+{
+	struct async demux;
+	const char *argv[22];
+	char keep_arg[256];
+	char hdr_arg[256];
+	const char **av;
+	int do_keep = args->keep_pack;
+	struct child_process cmd;
+
+	memset(&demux, 0, sizeof(demux));
+	if (use_sideband) {
+		/* xd[] is talking with upload-pack; subprocess reads from
+		 * xd[0], spits out band#2 to stderr, and feeds us band#1
+		 * through demux->out.
+		 */
+		demux.proc = sideband_demux;
+		demux.data = xd;
+		demux.out = -1;
+		if (start_async(&demux))
+			die("fetch-pack: unable to fork off sideband"
+			    " demultiplexer");
+	}
+	else
+		demux.out = xd[0];
+
+	memset(&cmd, 0, sizeof(cmd));
+	cmd.argv = argv;
+	av = argv;
+	*hdr_arg = 0;
+	if (!args->keep_pack && unpack_limit) {
+		struct pack_header header;
+
+		if (read_pack_header(demux.out, &header))
+			die("protocol error: bad pack header");
+		snprintf(hdr_arg, sizeof(hdr_arg),
+			 "--pack_header=%"PRIu32",%"PRIu32,
+			 ntohl(header.hdr_version), ntohl(header.hdr_entries));
+		if (ntohl(header.hdr_entries) < unpack_limit)
+			do_keep = 0;
+		else
+			do_keep = 1;
+	}
+
+	if (alternate_shallow_file) {
+		*av++ = "--shallow-file";
+		*av++ = alternate_shallow_file;
+	}
+
+	if (do_keep) {
+		if (pack_lockfile)
+			cmd.out = -1;
+		*av++ = "index-pack";
+		*av++ = "--stdin";
+		if (!args->quiet && !args->no_progress)
+			*av++ = "-v";
+		if (args->use_thin_pack)
+			*av++ = "--fix-thin";
+		if (args->lock_pack || unpack_limit) {
+			int s = sprintf(keep_arg,
+					"--keep=fetch-pack %"PRIuMAX " on ", (uintmax_t) getpid());
+			if (gethostname(keep_arg + s, sizeof(keep_arg) - s))
+				strcpy(keep_arg + s, "localhost");
+			*av++ = keep_arg;
+		}
+	}
+	else {
+		*av++ = "unpack-objects";
+		if (args->quiet || args->no_progress)
+			*av++ = "-q";
+	}
+	if (*hdr_arg)
+		*av++ = hdr_arg;
+	if (fetch_fsck_objects >= 0
+	    ? fetch_fsck_objects
+	    : transfer_fsck_objects >= 0
+	    ? transfer_fsck_objects
+	    : 0)
+		*av++ = "--strict";
+	*av++ = NULL;
+
+	cmd.in = demux.out;
+	cmd.git_cmd = 1;
+	if (start_command(&cmd))
+		die("fetch-pack: unable to fork off %s", argv[0]);
+	if (do_keep && pack_lockfile) {
+		*pack_lockfile = index_pack_lockfile(cmd.out);
+		close(cmd.out);
+	}
+
+	if (finish_command(&cmd))
+		die("%s failed", argv[0]);
+	if (use_sideband && finish_async(&demux))
+		die("error in sideband demultiplexer");
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int cmp_ref_by_name(const void *a_, const void *b_)
+{
+	const struct ref *a = *((const struct ref **)a_);
+	const struct ref *b = *((const struct ref **)b_);
+	return strcmp(a->name, b->name);
+}
+
+static void setup_alternate_shallow(void)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int fd;
+
+	check_shallow_file_for_update();
+	fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&shallow_lock, git_path("shallow"),
+				       LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
+	if (write_shallow_commits(&sb, 0)) {
+		if (write_in_full(fd, sb.buf, sb.len) != sb.len)
+			die_errno("failed to write to %s", shallow_lock.filename);
+		alternate_shallow_file = shallow_lock.filename;
+	} else
+		/*
+		 * is_repository_shallow() sees empty string as "no
+		 * shallow file".
+		 */
+		alternate_shallow_file = "";
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+}
+
+static struct ref *do_fetch_pack(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
+				 int fd[2],
+				 const struct ref *orig_ref,
+				 struct ref **sought, int nr_sought,
+				 char **pack_lockfile)
+{
+	struct ref *ref = copy_ref_list(orig_ref);
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	const char *agent_feature;
+	int agent_len;
+
+	sort_ref_list(&ref, ref_compare_name);
+	qsort(sought, nr_sought, sizeof(*sought), cmp_ref_by_name);
+
+	if (is_repository_shallow() && !server_supports("shallow"))
+		die("Server does not support shallow clients");
+	if (server_supports("multi_ack_detailed")) {
+		if (args->verbose)
+			fprintf(stderr, "Server supports multi_ack_detailed\n");
+		multi_ack = 2;
+		if (server_supports("no-done")) {
+			if (args->verbose)
+				fprintf(stderr, "Server supports no-done\n");
+			if (args->stateless_rpc)
+				no_done = 1;
+		}
+	}
+	else if (server_supports("multi_ack")) {
+		if (args->verbose)
+			fprintf(stderr, "Server supports multi_ack\n");
+		multi_ack = 1;
+	}
+	if (server_supports("side-band-64k")) {
+		if (args->verbose)
+			fprintf(stderr, "Server supports side-band-64k\n");
+		use_sideband = 2;
+	}
+	else if (server_supports("side-band")) {
+		if (args->verbose)
+			fprintf(stderr, "Server supports side-band\n");
+		use_sideband = 1;
+	}
+	if (server_supports("allow-tip-sha1-in-want")) {
+		if (args->verbose)
+			fprintf(stderr, "Server supports allow-tip-sha1-in-want\n");
+		allow_tip_sha1_in_want = 1;
+	}
+	if (!server_supports("thin-pack"))
+		args->use_thin_pack = 0;
+	if (!server_supports("no-progress"))
+		args->no_progress = 0;
+	if (!server_supports("include-tag"))
+		args->include_tag = 0;
+	if (server_supports("ofs-delta")) {
+		if (args->verbose)
+			fprintf(stderr, "Server supports ofs-delta\n");
+	} else
+		prefer_ofs_delta = 0;
+
+	if ((agent_feature = server_feature_value("agent", &agent_len))) {
+		agent_supported = 1;
+		if (args->verbose && agent_len)
+			fprintf(stderr, "Server version is %.*s\n",
+				agent_len, agent_feature);
+	}
+
+	if (everything_local(args, &ref, sought, nr_sought)) {
+		packet_flush(fd[1]);
+		goto all_done;
+	}
+	if (find_common(args, fd, sha1, ref) < 0)
+		if (!args->keep_pack)
+			/* When cloning, it is not unusual to have
+			 * no common commit.
+			 */
+			warning("no common commits");
+
+	if (args->stateless_rpc)
+		packet_flush(fd[1]);
+	if (args->depth > 0)
+		setup_alternate_shallow();
+	if (get_pack(args, fd, pack_lockfile))
+		die("git fetch-pack: fetch failed.");
+
+ all_done:
+	return ref;
+}
+
+static int fetch_pack_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	if (strcmp(var, "fetch.unpacklimit") == 0) {
+		fetch_unpack_limit = git_config_int(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (strcmp(var, "transfer.unpacklimit") == 0) {
+		transfer_unpack_limit = git_config_int(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (strcmp(var, "repack.usedeltabaseoffset") == 0) {
+		prefer_ofs_delta = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "fetch.fsckobjects")) {
+		fetch_fsck_objects = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "transfer.fsckobjects")) {
+		transfer_fsck_objects = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
+}
+
+static void fetch_pack_setup(void)
+{
+	static int did_setup;
+	if (did_setup)
+		return;
+	git_config(fetch_pack_config, NULL);
+	if (0 <= transfer_unpack_limit)
+		unpack_limit = transfer_unpack_limit;
+	else if (0 <= fetch_unpack_limit)
+		unpack_limit = fetch_unpack_limit;
+	did_setup = 1;
+}
+
+static int remove_duplicates_in_refs(struct ref **ref, int nr)
+{
+	struct string_list names = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	int src, dst;
+
+	for (src = dst = 0; src < nr; src++) {
+		struct string_list_item *item;
+		item = string_list_insert(&names, ref[src]->name);
+		if (item->util)
+			continue; /* already have it */
+		item->util = ref[src];
+		if (src != dst)
+			ref[dst] = ref[src];
+		dst++;
+	}
+	for (src = dst; src < nr; src++)
+		ref[src] = NULL;
+	string_list_clear(&names, 0);
+	return dst;
+}
+
+struct ref *fetch_pack(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
+		       int fd[], struct child_process *conn,
+		       const struct ref *ref,
+		       const char *dest,
+		       struct ref **sought, int nr_sought,
+		       char **pack_lockfile)
+{
+	struct ref *ref_cpy;
+
+	fetch_pack_setup();
+	if (nr_sought)
+		nr_sought = remove_duplicates_in_refs(sought, nr_sought);
+
+	if (!ref) {
+		packet_flush(fd[1]);
+		die("no matching remote head");
+	}
+	ref_cpy = do_fetch_pack(args, fd, ref, sought, nr_sought, pack_lockfile);
+
+	if (alternate_shallow_file) {
+		if (*alternate_shallow_file == '\0') { /* --unshallow */
+			unlink_or_warn(git_path("shallow"));
+			rollback_lock_file(&shallow_lock);
+		} else
+			commit_lock_file(&shallow_lock);
+	}
+
+	reprepare_packed_git();
+	return ref_cpy;
+}
diff --git a/fetch-pack.h b/fetch-pack.h
index 7c2069c..dc5266c 100644
--- a/fetch-pack.h
+++ b/fetch-pack.h
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #ifndef FETCH_PACK_H
 #define FETCH_PACK_H
 
+#include "string-list.h"
+
 struct fetch_pack_args {
 	const char *uploadpack;
 	int unpacklimit;
@@ -17,12 +19,17 @@
 		stateless_rpc:1;
 };
 
+/*
+ * sought represents remote references that should be updated from.
+ * On return, the names that were found on the remote will have been
+ * marked as such.
+ */
 struct ref *fetch_pack(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
-		int fd[], struct child_process *conn,
-		const struct ref *ref,
-		const char *dest,
-		int nr_heads,
-		char **heads,
-		char **pack_lockfile);
+		       int fd[], struct child_process *conn,
+		       const struct ref *ref,
+		       const char *dest,
+		       struct ref **sought,
+		       int nr_sought,
+		       char **pack_lockfile);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/fixup-builtins b/fixup-builtins
deleted file mode 100755
index 63dfa4c..0000000
--- a/fixup-builtins
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-while [ "$1" ]
-do
-	if [ "$1" != "git-sh-setup" -a "$1" != "git-parse-remote" -a "$1" != "git-svn" ]; then
-		old="$1"
-		new=$(echo "$1" | sed 's/git-/git /')
-		echo "Converting '$old' to '$new'"
-		sed -i "s/\\<$old\\>/$new/g" $(git ls-files '*.sh')
-	fi
-	shift
-done
-
-sed -i 's/git merge-one-file/git-merge-one-file/g
-s/git rebase-todo/git-rebase-todo/g' $(git ls-files '*.sh')
-git update-index --refresh >& /dev/null
-exit 0
diff --git a/fsck.c b/fsck.c
index 4c63b2c..99c0497 100644
--- a/fsck.c
+++ b/fsck.c
@@ -139,8 +139,12 @@
 static int fsck_tree(struct tree *item, int strict, fsck_error error_func)
 {
 	int retval;
+	int has_null_sha1 = 0;
 	int has_full_path = 0;
 	int has_empty_name = 0;
+	int has_dot = 0;
+	int has_dotdot = 0;
+	int has_dotgit = 0;
 	int has_zero_pad = 0;
 	int has_bad_modes = 0;
 	int has_dup_entries = 0;
@@ -157,13 +161,22 @@
 	while (desc.size) {
 		unsigned mode;
 		const char *name;
+		const unsigned char *sha1;
 
-		tree_entry_extract(&desc, &name, &mode);
+		sha1 = tree_entry_extract(&desc, &name, &mode);
 
+		if (is_null_sha1(sha1))
+			has_null_sha1 = 1;
 		if (strchr(name, '/'))
 			has_full_path = 1;
 		if (!*name)
 			has_empty_name = 1;
+		if (!strcmp(name, "."))
+			has_dot = 1;
+		if (!strcmp(name, ".."))
+			has_dotdot = 1;
+		if (!strcmp(name, ".git"))
+			has_dotgit = 1;
 		has_zero_pad |= *(char *)desc.buffer == '0';
 		update_tree_entry(&desc);
 
@@ -207,10 +220,18 @@
 	}
 
 	retval = 0;
+	if (has_null_sha1)
+		retval += error_func(&item->object, FSCK_WARN, "contains entries pointing to null sha1");
 	if (has_full_path)
 		retval += error_func(&item->object, FSCK_WARN, "contains full pathnames");
 	if (has_empty_name)
 		retval += error_func(&item->object, FSCK_WARN, "contains empty pathname");
+	if (has_dot)
+		retval += error_func(&item->object, FSCK_WARN, "contains '.'");
+	if (has_dotdot)
+		retval += error_func(&item->object, FSCK_WARN, "contains '..'");
+	if (has_dotgit)
+		retval += error_func(&item->object, FSCK_WARN, "contains '.git'");
 	if (has_zero_pad)
 		retval += error_func(&item->object, FSCK_WARN, "contains zero-padded file modes");
 	if (has_bad_modes)
diff --git a/gettext.c b/gettext.c
index f75bca7..71e9545 100644
--- a/gettext.c
+++ b/gettext.c
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 
 #include "git-compat-util.h"
 #include "gettext.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
 
 #ifndef NO_GETTEXT
 #	include <locale.h>
@@ -27,10 +29,9 @@
 #endif
 
 #ifndef NO_GETTEXT
+static const char *charset;
 static void init_gettext_charset(const char *domain)
 {
-	const char *charset;
-
 	/*
 	   This trick arranges for messages to be emitted in the user's
 	   requested encoding, but avoids setting LC_CTYPE from the
@@ -128,4 +129,14 @@
 	init_gettext_charset("git");
 	textdomain("git");
 }
+
+/* return the number of columns of string 's' in current locale */
+int gettext_width(const char *s)
+{
+	static int is_utf8 = -1;
+	if (is_utf8 == -1)
+		is_utf8 = !strcmp(charset, "UTF-8");
+
+	return is_utf8 ? utf8_strwidth(s) : strlen(s);
+}
 #endif
diff --git a/gettext.h b/gettext.h
index 57ba8bb..7671d09 100644
--- a/gettext.h
+++ b/gettext.h
@@ -30,10 +30,15 @@
 
 #ifndef NO_GETTEXT
 extern void git_setup_gettext(void);
+extern int gettext_width(const char *s);
 #else
 static inline void git_setup_gettext(void)
 {
 }
+static inline int gettext_width(const char *s)
+{
+	return strlen(s);
+}
 #endif
 
 #ifdef GETTEXT_POISON
@@ -44,6 +49,8 @@
 
 static inline FORMAT_PRESERVING(1) const char *_(const char *msgid)
 {
+	if (!*msgid)
+		return "";
 	return use_gettext_poison() ? "# GETTEXT POISON #" : gettext(msgid);
 }
 
diff --git a/git-add--interactive.perl b/git-add--interactive.perl
index d948aa8..d2c4ce6 100755
--- a/git-add--interactive.perl
+++ b/git-add--interactive.perl
@@ -1067,7 +1067,6 @@
 }
 
 sub diff_applies {
-	my $fh;
 	return run_git_apply($patch_mode_flavour{APPLY_CHECK} . ' --check',
 			     map { @{$_->{TEXT}} } @_);
 }
@@ -1248,7 +1247,7 @@
 
 
 # Print a one-line summary of each hunk in the array ref in
-# the first argument, starting wih the index in the 2nd.
+# the first argument, starting with the index in the 2nd.
 sub display_hunks {
 	my ($hunks, $i) = @_;
 	my $ctr = 0;
@@ -1514,7 +1513,6 @@
 	}
 
 	if (@result) {
-		my $fh;
 		my @patch = reassemble_patch($head->{TEXT}, @result);
 		my $apply_routine = $patch_mode_flavour{APPLY};
 		&$apply_routine(@patch);
diff --git a/git-am.sh b/git-am.sh
index f8b7a0c..c092855 100755
--- a/git-am.sh
+++ b/git-am.sh
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@
 	then
 		return 0
 	fi
-		gettextln "You seem to have moved HEAD since the last 'am' failure.
+	gettextln "You seem to have moved HEAD since the last 'am' failure.
 Not rewinding to ORIG_HEAD" >&2
 	return 1
 }
@@ -102,9 +102,9 @@
 	    printf '%s\n' "$resolvemsg"
 	    stop_here $1
     fi
-    eval_gettextln "When you have resolved this problem run \"\$cmdline --resolved\".
-If you would prefer to skip this patch, instead run \"\$cmdline --skip\".
-To restore the original branch and stop patching run \"\$cmdline --abort\"."
+    eval_gettextln "When you have resolved this problem, run \"\$cmdline --resolved\".
+If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"\$cmdline --skip\" instead.
+To restore the original branch and stop patching, run \"\$cmdline --abort\"."
 
     stop_here $1
 }
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@
     git write-tree >"$dotest/patch-merge-base+" ||
     cannot_fallback "$(gettext "Repository lacks necessary blobs to fall back on 3-way merge.")"
 
-    say Using index info to reconstruct a base tree...
+    say "$(gettext "Using index info to reconstruct a base tree...")"
 
     cmd='GIT_INDEX_FILE="$dotest/patch-merge-tmp-index"'
 
@@ -176,8 +176,7 @@
     fi
     git-merge-recursive $orig_tree -- HEAD $his_tree || {
 	    git rerere $allow_rerere_autoupdate
-	    echo Failed to merge in the changes.
-	    exit 1
+	    die "$(gettext "Failed to merge in the changes.")"
     }
     unset GITHEAD_$his_tree
 }
@@ -260,7 +259,7 @@
 split_patches () {
 	case "$patch_format" in
 	mbox)
-		if test -n "$rebasing" || test t = "$keepcr"
+		if test t = "$keepcr"
 		then
 		    keep_cr=--keep-cr
 		else
@@ -335,7 +334,7 @@
 			# Since we cannot guarantee that the commit message is in
 			# git-friendly format, we put no Subject: line and just consume
 			# all of the message as the body
-			perl -M'POSIX qw(strftime)' -ne 'BEGIN { $subject = 0 }
+			LANG=C LC_ALL=C perl -M'POSIX qw(strftime)' -ne 'BEGIN { $subject = 0 }
 				if ($subject) { print ; }
 				elsif (/^\# User /) { s/\# User/From:/ ; print ; }
 				elsif (/^\# Date /) {
@@ -387,8 +386,8 @@
 	-i|--interactive)
 		interactive=t ;;
 	-b|--binary)
-		echo >&2 "The $1 option has been a no-op for long time, and"
-		echo >&2 "it will be removed. Please do not use it anymore."
+		gettextln >&2 "The -b/--binary option has been a no-op for long time, and
+it will be removed. Please do not use it anymore."
 		;;
 	-3|--3way)
 		threeway=t ;;
@@ -413,10 +412,7 @@
 	--abort)
 		abort=t ;;
 	--rebasing)
-		rebasing=t threeway=t keep=t scissors=f no_inbody_headers=t ;;
-	-d|--dotest)
-		die "$(gettext "-d option is no longer supported.  Do not use.")"
-		;;
+		rebasing=t threeway=t ;;
 	--resolvemsg)
 		shift; resolvemsg=$1 ;;
 	--whitespace|--directory|--exclude|--include)
@@ -658,32 +654,34 @@
 	# by the user, or the user can tell us to do so by --resolved flag.
 	case "$resume" in
 	'')
-		git mailinfo $keep $no_inbody_headers $scissors $utf8 "$dotest/msg" "$dotest/patch" \
-			<"$dotest/$msgnum" >"$dotest/info" ||
-			stop_here $this
-
-		# skip pine's internal folder data
-		sane_grep '^Author: Mail System Internal Data$' \
-			<"$dotest"/info >/dev/null &&
-			go_next && continue
-
-		test -s "$dotest/patch" || {
-			eval_gettextln "Patch is empty.  Was it split wrong?
-If you would prefer to skip this patch, instead run \"\$cmdline --skip\".
-To restore the original branch and stop patching run \"\$cmdline --abort\"."
-			stop_here $this
-		}
-		rm -f "$dotest/original-commit" "$dotest/author-script"
-		if test -f "$dotest/rebasing" &&
+		if test -f "$dotest/rebasing"
+		then
 			commit=$(sed -e 's/^From \([0-9a-f]*\) .*/\1/' \
 				-e q "$dotest/$msgnum") &&
-			test "$(git cat-file -t "$commit")" = commit
-		then
+			test "$(git cat-file -t "$commit")" = commit ||
+				stop_here $this
 			git cat-file commit "$commit" |
 			sed -e '1,/^$/d' >"$dotest/msg-clean"
-			echo "$commit" > "$dotest/original-commit"
-			get_author_ident_from_commit "$commit" > "$dotest/author-script"
+			echo "$commit" >"$dotest/original-commit"
+			get_author_ident_from_commit "$commit" >"$dotest/author-script"
+			git diff-tree --root --binary --full-index "$commit" >"$dotest/patch"
 		else
+			git mailinfo $keep $no_inbody_headers $scissors $utf8 "$dotest/msg" "$dotest/patch" \
+				<"$dotest/$msgnum" >"$dotest/info" ||
+				stop_here $this
+
+			# skip pine's internal folder data
+			sane_grep '^Author: Mail System Internal Data$' \
+				<"$dotest"/info >/dev/null &&
+				go_next && continue
+
+			test -s "$dotest/patch" || {
+				eval_gettextln "Patch is empty.  Was it split wrong?
+If you would prefer to skip this patch, instead run \"\$cmdline --skip\".
+To restore the original branch and stop patching run \"\$cmdline --abort\"."
+				stop_here $this
+			}
+			rm -f "$dotest/original-commit" "$dotest/author-script"
 			{
 				sed -n '/^Subject/ s/Subject: //p' "$dotest/info"
 				echo
@@ -780,13 +778,6 @@
 	    action=yes
 	fi
 
-	if test -f "$dotest/final-commit"
-	then
-		FIRSTLINE=$(sed 1q "$dotest/final-commit")
-	else
-		FIRSTLINE=""
-	fi
-
 	if test $action = skip
 	then
 		go_next
@@ -799,6 +790,13 @@
 		stop_here $this
 	fi
 
+	if test -f "$dotest/final-commit"
+	then
+		FIRSTLINE=$(sed 1q "$dotest/final-commit")
+	else
+		FIRSTLINE=""
+	fi
+
 	say "$(eval_gettext "Applying: \$FIRSTLINE")"
 
 	case "$resolved" in
@@ -855,6 +853,11 @@
 	if test $apply_status != 0
 	then
 		eval_gettextln 'Patch failed at $msgnum $FIRSTLINE'
+		if test "$(git config --bool advice.amworkdir)" != false
+		then
+			eval_gettextln 'The copy of the patch that failed is found in:
+   $dotest/patch'
+		fi
 		stop_here_user_resolve $this
 	fi
 
diff --git a/git-archimport.perl b/git-archimport.perl
index bc32f18..9cb123a 100755
--- a/git-archimport.perl
+++ b/git-archimport.perl
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
 
 sub usage() {
     print STDERR <<END;
-Usage: git archimport     # fetch/update GIT from Arch
+usage: git archimport     # fetch/update GIT from Arch
        [ -h ] [ -v ] [ -o ] [ -a ] [ -f ] [ -T ] [ -D depth ] [ -t tempdir ]
        repository/arch-branch [ repository/arch-branch] ...
 END
diff --git a/git-bisect.sh b/git-bisect.sh
index 99efbe8..d7518e9 100755
--- a/git-bisect.sh
+++ b/git-bisect.sh
@@ -311,7 +311,23 @@
 	res=$?
 
 	# Check if we should exit because bisection is finished
-	test $res -eq 10 && exit 0
+	if test $res -eq 10
+	then
+		bad_rev=$(git show-ref --hash --verify refs/bisect/bad)
+		bad_commit=$(git show-branch $bad_rev)
+		echo "# first bad commit: $bad_commit" >>"$GIT_DIR/BISECT_LOG"
+		exit 0
+	elif test $res -eq 2
+	then
+		echo "# only skipped commits left to test" >>"$GIT_DIR/BISECT_LOG"
+		good_revs=$(git for-each-ref --format="--not %(objectname)" "refs/bisect/good-*")
+		for skipped in $(git rev-list refs/bisect/bad $good_revs)
+		do
+			skipped_commit=$(git show-branch $skipped)
+			echo "# possible first bad commit: $skipped_commit" >>"$GIT_DIR/BISECT_LOG"
+		done
+		exit $res
+	fi
 
 	# Check for an error in the bisection process
 	test $res -ne 0 && exit $res
diff --git a/git-compat-util.h b/git-compat-util.h
index 5bd9ad7..660b7f0 100644
--- a/git-compat-util.h
+++ b/git-compat-util.h
@@ -74,7 +74,8 @@
 # define _XOPEN_SOURCE 500
 # endif
 #elif !defined(__APPLE__) && !defined(__FreeBSD__) && !defined(__USLC__) && \
-      !defined(_M_UNIX) && !defined(__sgi) && !defined(__DragonFly__)
+      !defined(_M_UNIX) && !defined(__sgi) && !defined(__DragonFly__) && \
+      !defined(__TANDEM) && !defined(__QNX__)
 #define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600 /* glibc2 and AIX 5.3L need 500, OpenBSD needs 600 for S_ISLNK() */
 #define _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED 1 /* AIX 5.3L needs this */
 #endif
@@ -85,6 +86,9 @@
 #define _SGI_SOURCE 1
 
 #ifdef WIN32 /* Both MinGW and MSVC */
+# if defined (_MSC_VER)
+#  define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0502
+# endif
 #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN  /* stops windows.h including winsock.h */
 #include <winsock2.h>
 #include <windows.h>
@@ -98,15 +102,22 @@
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <stdarg.h>
 #include <string.h>
+#ifdef HAVE_STRINGS_H
+#include <strings.h> /* for strcasecmp() */
+#endif
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <limits.h>
+#ifdef NEEDS_SYS_PARAM_H
 #include <sys/param.h>
+#endif
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <dirent.h>
 #include <sys/time.h>
 #include <time.h>
 #include <signal.h>
+#ifndef USE_WILDMATCH
 #include <fnmatch.h>
+#endif
 #include <assert.h>
 #include <regex.h>
 #include <utime.h>
@@ -141,6 +152,18 @@
 #else
 #include <stdint.h>
 #endif
+#ifdef NO_INTPTR_T
+/*
+ * On I16LP32, ILP32 and LP64 "long" is the save bet, however
+ * on LLP86, IL33LLP64 and P64 it needs to be "long long",
+ * while on IP16 and IP16L32 it is "int" (resp. "short")
+ * Size needs to match (or exceed) 'sizeof(void *)'.
+ * We can't take "long long" here as not everybody has it.
+ */
+typedef long intptr_t;
+typedef unsigned long uintptr_t;
+#endif
+int get_st_mode_bits(const char *path, int *mode);
 #if defined(__CYGWIN__)
 #undef _XOPEN_SOURCE
 #include <grp.h>
@@ -153,6 +176,36 @@
 #endif
 #endif
 
+/* used on Mac OS X */
+#ifdef PRECOMPOSE_UNICODE
+#include "compat/precompose_utf8.h"
+#else
+#define precompose_str(in,i_nfd2nfc)
+#define precompose_argv(c,v)
+#define probe_utf8_pathname_composition(a,b)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef NEEDS_CLIPPED_WRITE
+ssize_t clipped_write(int fildes, const void *buf, size_t nbyte);
+#define write(x,y,z) clipped_write((x),(y),(z))
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MKDIR_WO_TRAILING_SLASH
+#define mkdir(a,b) compat_mkdir_wo_trailing_slash((a),(b))
+extern int compat_mkdir_wo_trailing_slash(const char*, mode_t);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef NO_STRUCT_ITIMERVAL
+struct itimerval {
+	struct timeval it_interval;
+	struct timeval it_value;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef NO_SETITIMER
+#define setitimer(which,value,ovalue)
+#endif
+
 #ifndef NO_LIBGEN_H
 #include <libgen.h>
 #else
@@ -169,6 +222,17 @@
 #include <openssl/err.h>
 #endif
 
+/* On most systems <netdb.h> would have given us this, but
+ * not on some systems (e.g. z/OS).
+ */
+#ifndef NI_MAXHOST
+#define NI_MAXHOST 1025
+#endif
+
+#ifndef NI_MAXSERV
+#define NI_MAXSERV 32
+#endif
+
 /* On most systems <limits.h> would have given us this, but
  * not on some systems (e.g. GNU/Hurd).
  */
@@ -238,6 +302,17 @@
 
 #include "compat/bswap.h"
 
+#ifdef USE_WILDMATCH
+#include "wildmatch.h"
+#define FNM_PATHNAME WM_PATHNAME
+#define FNM_CASEFOLD WM_CASEFOLD
+#define FNM_NOMATCH  WM_NOMATCH
+static inline int fnmatch(const char *pattern, const char *string, int flags)
+{
+	return wildmatch(pattern, string, flags, NULL);
+}
+#endif
+
 /* General helper functions */
 extern void vreportf(const char *prefix, const char *err, va_list params);
 extern void vwritef(int fd, const char *prefix, const char *err, va_list params);
@@ -248,8 +323,20 @@
 extern int error(const char *err, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)));
 extern void warning(const char *err, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)));
 
+/*
+ * Let callers be aware of the constant return value; this can help
+ * gcc with -Wuninitialized analysis. We restrict this trick to gcc, though,
+ * because some compilers may not support variadic macros. Since we're only
+ * trying to help gcc, anyway, it's OK; other compilers will fall back to
+ * using the function as usual.
+ */
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && ! defined(__clang__)
+#define error(...) (error(__VA_ARGS__), -1)
+#endif
+
 extern void set_die_routine(NORETURN_PTR void (*routine)(const char *err, va_list params));
 extern void set_error_routine(void (*routine)(const char *err, va_list params));
+extern void set_die_is_recursing_routine(int (*routine)(void));
 
 extern int prefixcmp(const char *str, const char *prefix);
 extern int suffixcmp(const char *str, const char *suffix);
@@ -355,11 +442,6 @@
 extern intmax_t gitstrtoimax(const char *, char **, int);
 #endif
 
-#ifdef NO_STRTOK_R
-#define strtok_r gitstrtok_r
-extern char *gitstrtok_r(char *s, const char *delim, char **save_ptr);
-#endif
-
 #ifdef NO_HSTRERROR
 #define hstrerror githstrerror
 extern const char *githstrerror(int herror);
@@ -371,6 +453,10 @@
                 const void *needle, size_t needlelen);
 #endif
 
+#ifdef NO_GETPAGESIZE
+#define getpagesize() sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE)
+#endif
+
 #ifdef FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES
 #ifdef fopen
 #undef fopen
@@ -466,27 +552,39 @@
 #undef isdigit
 #undef isalpha
 #undef isalnum
+#undef isprint
 #undef islower
 #undef isupper
 #undef tolower
 #undef toupper
-extern unsigned char sane_ctype[256];
+#undef iscntrl
+#undef ispunct
+#undef isxdigit
+
+extern const unsigned char sane_ctype[256];
 #define GIT_SPACE 0x01
 #define GIT_DIGIT 0x02
 #define GIT_ALPHA 0x04
 #define GIT_GLOB_SPECIAL 0x08
 #define GIT_REGEX_SPECIAL 0x10
 #define GIT_PATHSPEC_MAGIC 0x20
+#define GIT_CNTRL 0x40
+#define GIT_PUNCT 0x80
 #define sane_istest(x,mask) ((sane_ctype[(unsigned char)(x)] & (mask)) != 0)
 #define isascii(x) (((x) & ~0x7f) == 0)
 #define isspace(x) sane_istest(x,GIT_SPACE)
 #define isdigit(x) sane_istest(x,GIT_DIGIT)
 #define isalpha(x) sane_istest(x,GIT_ALPHA)
 #define isalnum(x) sane_istest(x,GIT_ALPHA | GIT_DIGIT)
+#define isprint(x) ((x) >= 0x20 && (x) <= 0x7e)
 #define islower(x) sane_iscase(x, 1)
 #define isupper(x) sane_iscase(x, 0)
 #define is_glob_special(x) sane_istest(x,GIT_GLOB_SPECIAL)
 #define is_regex_special(x) sane_istest(x,GIT_GLOB_SPECIAL | GIT_REGEX_SPECIAL)
+#define iscntrl(x) (sane_istest(x,GIT_CNTRL))
+#define ispunct(x) sane_istest(x, GIT_PUNCT | GIT_REGEX_SPECIAL | \
+		GIT_GLOB_SPECIAL | GIT_PATHSPEC_MAGIC)
+#define isxdigit(x) (hexval_table[x] != -1)
 #define tolower(x) sane_case((unsigned char)(x), 0x20)
 #define toupper(x) sane_case((unsigned char)(x), 0)
 #define is_pathspec_magic(x) sane_istest(x,GIT_PATHSPEC_MAGIC)
@@ -595,6 +693,17 @@
  */
 int remove_or_warn(unsigned int mode, const char *path);
 
+/*
+ * Call access(2), but warn for any error except "missing file"
+ * (ENOENT or ENOTDIR).
+ */
+#define ACCESS_EACCES_OK (1U << 0)
+int access_or_warn(const char *path, int mode, unsigned flag);
+int access_or_die(const char *path, int mode, unsigned flag);
+
+/* Warn on an inaccessible file that ought to be accessible */
+void warn_on_inaccessible(const char *path);
+
 /* Get the passwd entry for the UID of the current process. */
 struct passwd *xgetpwuid_self(void);
 
diff --git a/git-cvsexportcommit.perl b/git-cvsexportcommit.perl
index e6bf252..d13f02d 100755
--- a/git-cvsexportcommit.perl
+++ b/git-cvsexportcommit.perl
@@ -420,7 +420,7 @@
 
 sub usage {
 	print STDERR <<END;
-Usage: GIT_DIR=/path/to/.git git cvsexportcommit [-h] [-p] [-v] [-c] [-f] [-u] [-k] [-w cvsworkdir] [-m msgprefix] [ parent ] commit
+usage: GIT_DIR=/path/to/.git git cvsexportcommit [-h] [-p] [-v] [-c] [-f] [-u] [-k] [-w cvsworkdir] [-m msgprefix] [ parent ] commit
 END
 	exit(1);
 }
diff --git a/git-cvsimport.perl b/git-cvsimport.perl
index 8d41610..73d367c 100755
--- a/git-cvsimport.perl
+++ b/git-cvsimport.perl
@@ -24,20 +24,21 @@
 use Time::Local;
 use IO::Socket;
 use IO::Pipe;
-use POSIX qw(strftime dup2 ENOENT);
+use POSIX qw(strftime tzset dup2 ENOENT);
 use IPC::Open2;
+use Git qw(get_tz_offset);
 
 $SIG{'PIPE'}="IGNORE";
-$ENV{'TZ'}="UTC";
+set_timezone('UTC');
 
 our ($opt_h,$opt_o,$opt_v,$opt_k,$opt_u,$opt_d,$opt_p,$opt_C,$opt_z,$opt_i,$opt_P, $opt_s,$opt_m,@opt_M,$opt_A,$opt_S,$opt_L, $opt_a, $opt_r, $opt_R);
-my (%conv_author_name, %conv_author_email);
+my (%conv_author_name, %conv_author_email, %conv_author_tz);
 
 sub usage(;$) {
 	my $msg = shift;
 	print(STDERR "Error: $msg\n") if $msg;
 	print STDERR <<END;
-Usage: git cvsimport     # fetch/update GIT from CVS
+usage: git cvsimport     # fetch/update GIT from CVS
        [-o branch-for-HEAD] [-h] [-v] [-d CVSROOT] [-A author-conv-file]
        [-p opts-for-cvsps] [-P file] [-C GIT_repository] [-z fuzz] [-i] [-k]
        [-u] [-s subst] [-a] [-m] [-M regex] [-S regex] [-L commitlimit]
@@ -59,6 +60,14 @@
 			$conv_author_name{$user} = $2;
 			$conv_author_email{$user} = $3;
 		}
+		# or with an optional timezone:
+		#   spawn=Simon Pawn <spawn@frog-pond.org> America/Chicago
+		elsif (m/^(\S+?)\s*=\s*(.+?)\s*<(.+)>\s*(\S+?)\s*$/) {
+			$user = $1;
+			$conv_author_name{$user} = $2;
+			$conv_author_email{$user} = $3;
+			$conv_author_tz{$user} = $4;
+		}
 		# However, we also read from CVSROOT/users format
 		# to ease migration.
 		elsif (/^(\w+):(['"]?)(.+?)\2\s*$/) {
@@ -84,11 +93,22 @@
 	  die("Failed to open $file for writing: $!");
 
 	foreach (keys %conv_author_name) {
-		print $f "$_=$conv_author_name{$_} <$conv_author_email{$_}>\n";
+		print $f "$_=$conv_author_name{$_} <$conv_author_email{$_}>";
+		print $f " $conv_author_tz{$_}" if ($conv_author_tz{$_});
+		print $f "\n";
 	}
 	close ($f);
 }
 
+# Versions of perl before 5.10.0 may not automatically check $TZ each
+# time localtime is run (most platforms will do so only the first time).
+# We can work around this by using tzset() to update the internal
+# variable whenever we change the environment.
+sub set_timezone {
+	$ENV{TZ} = shift;
+	tzset();
+}
+
 # convert getopts specs for use by git config
 my %longmap = (
 	'A:' => 'authors-file',
@@ -795,7 +815,7 @@
 	return $tree;
 }
 
-my ($patchset,$date,$author_name,$author_email,$branch,$ancestor,$tag,$logmsg);
+my ($patchset,$date,$author_name,$author_email,$author_tz,$branch,$ancestor,$tag,$logmsg);
 my (@old,@new,@skipped,%ignorebranch,@commit_revisions);
 
 # commits that cvsps cannot place anywhere...
@@ -844,7 +864,11 @@
 		}
 	}
 
-	my $commit_date = strftime("+0000 %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",gmtime($date));
+	set_timezone($author_tz);
+	# $date is in the seconds since epoch format
+	my $tz_offset = get_tz_offset($date);
+	my $commit_date = "$date $tz_offset";
+	set_timezone('UTC');
 	$ENV{GIT_AUTHOR_NAME} = $author_name;
 	$ENV{GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL} = $author_email;
 	$ENV{GIT_AUTHOR_DATE} = $commit_date;
@@ -889,10 +913,37 @@
 		$xtag =~ s/\s+\*\*.*$//; # Remove stuff like ** INVALID ** and ** FUNKY **
 		$xtag =~ tr/_/\./ if ( $opt_u );
 		$xtag =~ s/[\/]/$opt_s/g;
-		$xtag =~ s/\[//g;
 
-		system('git' , 'tag', '-f', $xtag, $cid) == 0
-			or die "Cannot create tag $xtag: $!\n";
+		# See refs.c for these rules.
+		# Tag cannot contain bad chars. (See bad_ref_char in refs.c.)
+		$xtag =~ s/[ ~\^:\\\*\?\[]//g;
+		# Other bad strings for tags:
+		# (See check_refname_component in refs.c.)
+		1 while $xtag =~ s/
+			(?: \.\.        # Tag cannot contain '..'.
+			|   \@{         # Tag cannot contain '@{'.
+			| ^ -           # Tag cannot begin with '-'.
+			|   \.lock $    # Tag cannot end with '.lock'.
+			| ^ \.          # Tag cannot begin...
+			|   \. $        # ...or end with '.'
+			)//xg;
+		# Tag cannot be empty.
+		if ($xtag eq '') {
+			warn("warning: ignoring tag '$tag'",
+			" with invalid tagname\n");
+			return;
+		}
+
+		if (system('git' , 'tag', '-f', $xtag, $cid) != 0) {
+			# We did our best to sanitize the tag, but still failed
+			# for whatever reason. Bail out, and give the user
+			# enough information to understand if/how we should
+			# improve the translation in the future.
+			if ($tag ne $xtag) {
+				print "Translated '$tag' tag to '$xtag'\n";
+			}
+			die "Cannot create tag $xtag: $!\n";
+		}
 
 		print "Created tag '$xtag' on '$branch'\n" if $opt_v;
 	}
@@ -918,12 +969,14 @@
 		}
 		$state=3;
 	} elsif ($state == 3 and s/^Author:\s+//) {
+		$author_tz = "UTC";
 		s/\s+$//;
 		if (/^(.*?)\s+<(.*)>/) {
 		    ($author_name, $author_email) = ($1, $2);
 		} elsif ($conv_author_name{$_}) {
 			$author_name = $conv_author_name{$_};
 			$author_email = $conv_author_email{$_};
+			$author_tz = $conv_author_tz{$_} if ($conv_author_tz{$_});
 		} else {
 		    $author_name = $author_email = $_;
 		}
diff --git a/git-cvsserver.perl b/git-cvsserver.perl
index b8eddab..a0d796e 100755
--- a/git-cvsserver.perl
+++ b/git-cvsserver.perl
@@ -51,11 +51,16 @@
 
 #### Definition and mappings of functions ####
 
+# NOTE: Despite the existence of req_CATCHALL and req_EMPTY unimplemented
+#  requests, this list is incomplete.  It is missing many rarer/optional
+#  requests.  Perhaps some clients require a claim of support for
+#  these specific requests for main functionality to work?
 my $methods = {
     'Root'            => \&req_Root,
     'Valid-responses' => \&req_Validresponses,
     'valid-requests'  => \&req_validrequests,
     'Directory'       => \&req_Directory,
+    'Sticky'          => \&req_Sticky,
     'Entry'           => \&req_Entry,
     'Modified'        => \&req_Modified,
     'Unchanged'       => \&req_Unchanged,
@@ -80,7 +85,6 @@
     'noop'            => \&req_EMPTY,
     'annotate'        => \&req_annotate,
     'Global_option'   => \&req_Globaloption,
-    #'annotate'        => \&req_CATCHALL,
 };
 
 ##############################################
@@ -103,7 +107,7 @@
 $log->info("--------------- STARTING -----------------");
 
 my $usage =
-    "Usage: git cvsserver [options] [pserver|server] [<directory> ...]\n".
+    "usage: git cvsserver [options] [pserver|server] [<directory> ...]\n".
     "    --base-path <path>  : Prepend to requested CVSROOT\n".
     "                          Can be read from GIT_CVSSERVER_BASE_PATH\n".
     "    --strict-paths      : Don't allow recursing into subdirectories\n".
@@ -467,11 +471,19 @@
     {
         $log->info("Setting prepend to '$state->{path}'");
         $state->{prependdir} = $state->{path};
+        my %entries;
         foreach my $entry ( keys %{$state->{entries}} )
         {
-            $state->{entries}{$state->{prependdir} . $entry} = $state->{entries}{$entry};
-            delete $state->{entries}{$entry};
+            $entries{$state->{prependdir} . $entry} = $state->{entries}{$entry};
         }
+        $state->{entries}=\%entries;
+
+        my %dirMap;
+        foreach my $dir ( keys %{$state->{dirMap}} )
+        {
+            $dirMap{$state->{prependdir} . $dir} = $state->{dirMap}{$dir};
+        }
+        $state->{dirMap}=\%dirMap;
     }
 
     if ( defined ( $state->{prependdir} ) )
@@ -479,9 +491,60 @@
         $log->debug("Prepending '$state->{prependdir}' to state|directory");
         $state->{directory} = $state->{prependdir} . $state->{directory}
     }
+
+    if ( ! defined($state->{dirMap}{$state->{directory}}) )
+    {
+        $state->{dirMap}{$state->{directory}} =
+            {
+                'names' => {}
+                #'tagspec' => undef
+            };
+    }
+
     $log->debug("req_Directory : localdir=$data repository=$repository path=$state->{path} directory=$state->{directory} module=$state->{module}");
 }
 
+# Sticky tagspec \n
+#     Response expected: no. Tell the server that the directory most
+#     recently specified with Directory has a sticky tag or date
+#     tagspec. The first character of tagspec is T for a tag, D for
+#     a date, or some other character supplied by a Set-sticky
+#     response from a previous request to the server. The remainder
+#     of tagspec contains the actual tag or date, again as supplied
+#     by Set-sticky.
+#          The server should remember Static-directory and Sticky requests
+#     for a particular directory; the client need not resend them each
+#     time it sends a Directory request for a given directory. However,
+#     the server is not obliged to remember them beyond the context
+#     of a single command.
+sub req_Sticky
+{
+    my ( $cmd, $tagspec ) = @_;
+
+    my ( $stickyInfo );
+    if($tagspec eq "")
+    {
+        # nothing
+    }
+    elsif($tagspec=~/^T([^ ]+)\s*$/)
+    {
+        $stickyInfo = { 'tag' => $1 };
+    }
+    elsif($tagspec=~/^D([0-9.]+)\s*$/)
+    {
+        $stickyInfo= { 'date' => $1 };
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        die "Unknown tag_or_date format\n";
+    }
+    $state->{dirMap}{$state->{directory}}{stickyInfo}=$stickyInfo;
+
+    $log->debug("req_Sticky : tagspec=$tagspec repository=$state->{repository}"
+                . " path=$state->{path} directory=$state->{directory}"
+                . " module=$state->{module}");
+}
+
 # Entry entry-line \n
 #     Response expected: no. Tell the server what version of a file is on the
 #     local machine. The name in entry-line is a name relative to the directory
@@ -499,7 +562,7 @@
 
     #$log->debug("req_Entry : $data");
 
-    my @data = split(/\//, $data);
+    my @data = split(/\//, $data, -1);
 
     $state->{entries}{$state->{directory}.$data[1]} = {
         revision    => $data[2],
@@ -508,6 +571,8 @@
         tag_or_date => $data[5],
     };
 
+    $state->{dirMap}{$state->{directory}}{names}{$data[1]} = 'F';
+
     $log->info("Received entry line '$data' => '" . $state->{directory} . $data[1] . "'");
 }
 
@@ -540,21 +605,22 @@
     my $updater = GITCVS::updater->new($state->{CVSROOT}, $state->{module}, $log);
     $updater->update();
 
-    argsfromdir($updater);
-
     my $addcount = 0;
 
     foreach my $filename ( @{$state->{args}} )
     {
         $filename = filecleanup($filename);
 
-        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename);
+        # no -r, -A, or -D with add
+        my $stickyInfo = resolveStickyInfo($filename);
+
+        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename,$stickyInfo);
         my $wrev = revparse($filename);
 
-        if ($wrev && $meta && ($wrev < 0))
+        if ($wrev && $meta && ($wrev=~/^-/))
         {
             # previously removed file, add back
-            $log->info("added file $filename was previously removed, send 1.$meta->{revision}");
+            $log->info("added file $filename was previously removed, send $meta->{revision}");
 
             print "MT +updated\n";
             print "MT text U \n";
@@ -571,8 +637,10 @@
 
                 # this is an "entries" line
                 my $kopts = kopts_from_path($filename,"sha1",$meta->{filehash});
-                $log->debug("/$filepart/1.$meta->{revision}//$kopts/");
-                print "/$filepart/1.$meta->{revision}//$kopts/\n";
+                my $entryLine = "/$filepart/$meta->{revision}//$kopts/";
+                $entryLine .= getStickyTagOrDate($stickyInfo);
+                $log->debug($entryLine);
+                print "$entryLine\n";
                 # permissions
                 $log->debug("SEND : u=$meta->{mode},g=$meta->{mode},o=$meta->{mode}");
                 print "u=$meta->{mode},g=$meta->{mode},o=$meta->{mode}\n";
@@ -603,7 +671,8 @@
         print "$filename\n";
         my $kopts = kopts_from_path($filename,"file",
                         $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename});
-        print "/$filepart/0//$kopts/\n";
+        print "/$filepart/0//$kopts/" .
+              getStickyTagOrDate($stickyInfo) . "\n";
 
         my $requestedKopts = $state->{opt}{k};
         if(defined($requestedKopts))
@@ -671,7 +740,10 @@
             next;
         }
 
-        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename);
+        # only from entries
+        my $stickyInfo = resolveStickyInfo($filename);
+
+        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename,$stickyInfo);
         my $wrev = revparse($filename);
 
         unless ( defined ( $wrev ) )
@@ -680,13 +752,13 @@
             next;
         }
 
-        if ( defined($wrev) and $wrev < 0 )
+        if ( defined($wrev) and ($wrev=~/^-/) )
         {
             print "E cvs remove: file `$filename' already scheduled for removal\n";
             next;
         }
 
-        unless ( $wrev == $meta->{revision} )
+        unless ( $wrev eq $meta->{revision} )
         {
             # TODO : not sure if the format of this message is quite correct.
             print "E cvs remove: Up to date check failed for `$filename'\n";
@@ -701,7 +773,7 @@
         print "Checked-in $dirpart\n";
         print "$filename\n";
         my $kopts = kopts_from_path($filename,"sha1",$meta->{filehash});
-        print "/$filepart/-1.$wrev//$kopts/\n";
+        print "/$filepart/-$wrev//$kopts/" . getStickyTagOrDate($stickyInfo) . "\n";
 
         $rmcount++;
     }
@@ -881,6 +953,9 @@
         return 1;
     }
 
+    my $stickyInfo = { 'tag' => $state->{opt}{r},
+                       'date' => $state->{opt}{D} };
+
     my $module = $state->{args}[0];
     $state->{module} = $module;
     my $checkout_path = $module;
@@ -898,64 +973,32 @@
     my $updater = GITCVS::updater->new($state->{CVSROOT}, $module, $log);
     $updater->update();
 
+    my $headHash;
+    if( defined($stickyInfo) && defined($stickyInfo->{tag}) )
+    {
+        $headHash = $updater->lookupCommitRef($stickyInfo->{tag});
+        if( !defined($headHash) )
+        {
+            print "error 1 no such tag `$stickyInfo->{tag}'\n";
+            cleanupWorkTree();
+            exit;
+        }
+    }
+
     $checkout_path =~ s|/$||; # get rid of trailing slashes
 
-    # Eclipse seems to need the Clear-sticky command
-    # to prepare the 'Entries' file for the new directory.
-    print "Clear-sticky $checkout_path/\n";
-    print $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$module/\n";
-    print "Clear-static-directory $checkout_path/\n";
-    print $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$module/\n";
-    print "Clear-sticky $checkout_path/\n"; # yes, twice
-    print $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$module/\n";
-    print "Template $checkout_path/\n";
-    print $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$module/\n";
-    print "0\n";
-
-    # instruct the client that we're checking out to $checkout_path
-    print "E cvs checkout: Updating $checkout_path\n";
-
     my %seendirs = ();
     my $lastdir ='';
 
-    # recursive
-    sub prepdir {
-       my ($dir, $repodir, $remotedir, $seendirs) = @_;
-       my $parent = dirname($dir);
-       $dir       =~ s|/+$||;
-       $repodir   =~ s|/+$||;
-       $remotedir =~ s|/+$||;
-       $parent    =~ s|/+$||;
-       $log->debug("announcedir $dir, $repodir, $remotedir" );
+    prepDirForOutput(
+            ".",
+            $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$module",
+            $checkout_path,
+            \%seendirs,
+            'checkout',
+            $state->{dirArgs} );
 
-       if ($parent eq '.' || $parent eq './') {
-           $parent = '';
-       }
-       # recurse to announce unseen parents first
-       if (length($parent) && !exists($seendirs->{$parent})) {
-           prepdir($parent, $repodir, $remotedir, $seendirs);
-       }
-       # Announce that we are going to modify at the parent level
-       if ($parent) {
-           print "E cvs checkout: Updating $remotedir/$parent\n";
-       } else {
-           print "E cvs checkout: Updating $remotedir\n";
-       }
-       print "Clear-sticky $remotedir/$parent/\n";
-       print "$repodir/$parent/\n";
-
-       print "Clear-static-directory $remotedir/$dir/\n";
-       print "$repodir/$dir/\n";
-       print "Clear-sticky $remotedir/$parent/\n"; # yes, twice
-       print "$repodir/$parent/\n";
-       print "Template $remotedir/$dir/\n";
-       print "$repodir/$dir/\n";
-       print "0\n";
-
-       $seendirs->{$dir} = 1;
-    }
-
-    foreach my $git ( @{$updater->gethead} )
+    foreach my $git ( @{$updater->getAnyHead($headHash)} )
     {
         # Don't want to check out deleted files
         next if ( $git->{filehash} eq "deleted" );
@@ -963,16 +1006,13 @@
         my $fullName = $git->{name};
         ( $git->{name}, $git->{dir} ) = filenamesplit($git->{name});
 
-       if (length($git->{dir}) && $git->{dir} ne './'
-           && $git->{dir} ne $lastdir ) {
-           unless (exists($seendirs{$git->{dir}})) {
-               prepdir($git->{dir}, $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$module/",
-                       $checkout_path, \%seendirs);
-               $lastdir = $git->{dir};
-               $seendirs{$git->{dir}} = 1;
-           }
-           print "E cvs checkout: Updating /$checkout_path/$git->{dir}\n";
-       }
+        unless (exists($seendirs{$git->{dir}})) {
+            prepDirForOutput($git->{dir}, $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$module/",
+                             $checkout_path, \%seendirs, 'checkout',
+                             $state->{dirArgs} );
+            $lastdir = $git->{dir};
+            $seendirs{$git->{dir}} = 1;
+        }
 
         # modification time of this file
         print "Mod-time $git->{modified}\n";
@@ -992,7 +1032,8 @@
 
         # this is an "entries" line
         my $kopts = kopts_from_path($fullName,"sha1",$git->{filehash});
-        print "/$git->{name}/1.$git->{revision}//$kopts/\n";
+        print "/$git->{name}/$git->{revision}//$kopts/" .
+                        getStickyTagOrDate($stickyInfo) . "\n";
         # permissions
         print "u=$git->{mode},g=$git->{mode},o=$git->{mode}\n";
 
@@ -1005,6 +1046,119 @@
     statecleanup();
 }
 
+# used by req_co and req_update to set up directories for files
+# recursively handles parents
+sub prepDirForOutput
+{
+    my ($dir, $repodir, $remotedir, $seendirs, $request, $dirArgs) = @_;
+
+    my $parent = dirname($dir);
+    $dir       =~ s|/+$||;
+    $repodir   =~ s|/+$||;
+    $remotedir =~ s|/+$||;
+    $parent    =~ s|/+$||;
+
+    if ($parent eq '.' || $parent eq './')
+    {
+        $parent = '';
+    }
+    # recurse to announce unseen parents first
+    if( length($parent) &&
+        !exists($seendirs->{$parent}) &&
+        ( $request eq "checkout" ||
+          exists($dirArgs->{$parent}) ) )
+    {
+        prepDirForOutput($parent, $repodir, $remotedir,
+                         $seendirs, $request, $dirArgs);
+    }
+    # Announce that we are going to modify at the parent level
+    if ($dir eq '.' || $dir eq './')
+    {
+        $dir = '';
+    }
+    if(exists($seendirs->{$dir}))
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+    $log->debug("announcedir $dir, $repodir, $remotedir" );
+    my($thisRemoteDir,$thisRepoDir);
+    if ($dir ne "")
+    {
+        $thisRepoDir="$repodir/$dir";
+        if($remotedir eq ".")
+        {
+            $thisRemoteDir=$dir;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            $thisRemoteDir="$remotedir/$dir";
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        $thisRepoDir=$repodir;
+        $thisRemoteDir=$remotedir;
+    }
+    unless ( $state->{globaloptions}{-Q} || $state->{globaloptions}{-q} )
+    {
+        print "E cvs $request: Updating $thisRemoteDir\n";
+    }
+
+    my ($opt_r)=$state->{opt}{r};
+    my $stickyInfo;
+    if(exists($state->{opt}{A}))
+    {
+        # $stickyInfo=undef;
+    }
+    elsif( defined($opt_r) && $opt_r ne "" )
+           # || ( defined($state->{opt}{D}) && $state->{opt}{D} ne "" ) # TODO
+    {
+        $stickyInfo={ 'tag' => (defined($opt_r)?$opt_r:undef) };
+
+        # TODO: Convert -D value into the form 2011.04.10.04.46.57,
+        #   similar to an entry line's sticky date, without the D prefix.
+        #   It sometimes (always?) arrives as something more like
+        #   '10 Apr 2011 04:46:57 -0000'...
+        # $stickyInfo={ 'date' => (defined($stickyDate)?$stickyDate:undef) };
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        $stickyInfo=getDirStickyInfo($state->{prependdir} . $dir);
+    }
+
+    my $stickyResponse;
+    if(defined($stickyInfo))
+    {
+        $stickyResponse = "Set-sticky $thisRemoteDir/\n" .
+                          "$thisRepoDir/\n" .
+                          getStickyTagOrDate($stickyInfo) . "\n";
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        $stickyResponse = "Clear-sticky $thisRemoteDir/\n" .
+                          "$thisRepoDir/\n";
+    }
+
+    unless ( $state->{globaloptions}{-n} )
+    {
+        print $stickyResponse;
+
+        print "Clear-static-directory $thisRemoteDir/\n";
+        print "$thisRepoDir/\n";
+        print $stickyResponse; # yes, twice
+        print "Template $thisRemoteDir/\n";
+        print "$thisRepoDir/\n";
+        print "0\n";
+    }
+
+    $seendirs->{$dir} = 1;
+
+    # FUTURE: This would more accurately emulate CVS by sending
+    #   another copy of sticky after processing the files in that
+    #   directory.  Or intermediate: perhaps send all sticky's for
+    #   $seendirs after after processing all files.
+}
+
 # update \n
 #     Response expected: yes. Actually do a cvs update command. This uses any
 #     previous Argument, Directory, Entry, or Modified requests, if they have
@@ -1048,29 +1202,19 @@
 
     #$log->debug("update state : " . Dumper($state));
 
-    my $last_dirname = "///";
+    my($repoDir);
+    $repoDir=$state->{CVSROOT} . "/$state->{module}/$state->{prependdir}";
+
+    my %seendirs = ();
 
     # foreach file specified on the command line ...
-    foreach my $filename ( @{$state->{args}} )
+    foreach my $argsFilename ( @{$state->{args}} )
     {
-        $filename = filecleanup($filename);
+        my $filename;
+        $filename = filecleanup($argsFilename);
 
         $log->debug("Processing file $filename");
 
-        unless ( $state->{globaloptions}{-Q} || $state->{globaloptions}{-q} )
-        {
-            my $cur_dirname = dirname($filename);
-            if ( $cur_dirname ne $last_dirname )
-            {
-                $last_dirname = $cur_dirname;
-                if ( $cur_dirname eq "" )
-                {
-                    $cur_dirname = ".";
-                }
-                print "E cvs update: Updating $cur_dirname\n";
-            }
-        }
-
         # if we have a -C we should pretend we never saw modified stuff
         if ( exists ( $state->{opt}{C} ) )
         {
@@ -1079,13 +1223,11 @@
             $state->{entries}{$filename}{unchanged} = 1;
         }
 
-        my $meta;
-        if ( defined($state->{opt}{r}) and $state->{opt}{r} =~ /^1\.(\d+)/ )
-        {
-            $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename, $1);
-        } else {
-            $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename);
-        }
+        my $stickyInfo = resolveStickyInfo($filename,
+                                           $state->{opt}{r},
+                                           $state->{opt}{D},
+                                           exists($state->{opt}{A}));
+        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename, $stickyInfo);
 
         # If -p was given, "print" the contents of the requested revision.
         if ( exists ( $state->{opt}{p} ) ) {
@@ -1098,23 +1240,41 @@
             next;
         }
 
+        # Directories:
+        prepDirForOutput(
+                dirname($argsFilename),
+                $repoDir,
+                ".",
+                \%seendirs,
+                "update",
+                $state->{dirArgs} );
+
+        my $wrev = revparse($filename);
+
 	if ( ! defined $meta )
 	{
 	    $meta = {
 	        name => $filename,
-	        revision => 0,
+	        revision => '0',
 	        filehash => 'added'
 	    };
+	    if($wrev ne "0")
+	    {
+	        $meta->{filehash}='deleted';
+	    }
 	}
 
         my $oldmeta = $meta;
 
-        my $wrev = revparse($filename);
-
         # If the working copy is an old revision, lets get that version too for comparison.
-        if ( defined($wrev) and $wrev != $meta->{revision} )
+        my $oldWrev=$wrev;
+        if(defined($oldWrev))
         {
-            $oldmeta = $updater->getmeta($filename, $wrev);
+            $oldWrev=~s/^-//;
+            if($oldWrev ne $meta->{revision})
+            {
+                $oldmeta = $updater->getmeta($filename, $oldWrev);
+            }
         }
 
         #$log->debug("Target revision is $meta->{revision}, current working revision is $wrev");
@@ -1123,7 +1283,7 @@
         # and the working copy is unmodified _and_ the user hasn't specified -C
         next if ( defined ( $wrev )
                   and defined($meta->{revision})
-                  and $wrev == $meta->{revision}
+                  and $wrev eq $meta->{revision}
                   and $state->{entries}{$filename}{unchanged}
                   and not exists ( $state->{opt}{C} ) );
 
@@ -1131,7 +1291,8 @@
         # but the working copy is modified, tell the client it's modified
         if ( defined ( $wrev )
              and defined($meta->{revision})
-             and $wrev == $meta->{revision}
+             and $wrev eq $meta->{revision}
+             and $wrev ne "0"
              and defined($state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash})
              and not exists ( $state->{opt}{C} ) )
         {
@@ -1142,8 +1303,12 @@
             next;
         }
 
-        if ( $meta->{filehash} eq "deleted" )
+        if ( $meta->{filehash} eq "deleted" && $wrev ne "0" )
         {
+            # TODO: If it has been modified in the sandbox, error out
+            #   with the appropriate message, rather than deleting a modified
+            #   file.
+
             my ( $filepart, $dirpart ) = filenamesplit($filename,1);
 
             $log->info("Removing '$filename' from working copy (no longer in the repo)");
@@ -1161,7 +1326,7 @@
         {
             # normal update, just send the new revision (either U=Update,
             # or A=Add, or R=Remove)
-	    if ( defined($wrev) && $wrev < 0 )
+	    if ( defined($wrev) && ($wrev=~/^-/) )
 	    {
 	        $log->info("Tell the client the file is scheduled for removal");
 		print "MT text R \n";
@@ -1169,7 +1334,8 @@
                 print "MT newline\n";
 		next;
 	    }
-	    elsif ( (!defined($wrev) || $wrev == 0) && (!defined($meta->{revision}) || $meta->{revision} == 0) )
+	    elsif ( (!defined($wrev) || $wrev eq '0') &&
+                    (!defined($meta->{revision}) || $meta->{revision} eq '0') )
 	    {
 	        $log->info("Tell the client the file is scheduled for addition");
 		print "MT text A \n";
@@ -1179,7 +1345,7 @@
 
 	    }
 	    else {
-                $log->info("Updating '$filename' to ".$meta->{revision});
+                $log->info("UpdatingX3 '$filename' to ".$meta->{revision});
                 print "MT +updated\n";
                 print "MT text U \n";
                 print "MT fname $filename\n";
@@ -1199,10 +1365,6 @@
 		    $log->debug("Updating existing file 'Update-existing $dirpart'");
 		} else {
 		    # instruct client we're sending a file to put in this path as a new file
-		    print "Clear-static-directory $dirpart\n";
-		    print $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$state->{module}/$dirpart\n";
-		    print "Clear-sticky $dirpart\n";
-		    print $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$state->{module}/$dirpart\n";
 
 		    $log->debug("Creating new file 'Created $dirpart'");
 		    print "Created $dirpart\n";
@@ -1211,8 +1373,10 @@
 
 		# this is an "entries" line
 		my $kopts = kopts_from_path($filename,"sha1",$meta->{filehash});
-		$log->debug("/$filepart/1.$meta->{revision}//$kopts/");
-		print "/$filepart/1.$meta->{revision}//$kopts/\n";
+                my $entriesLine = "/$filepart/$meta->{revision}//$kopts/";
+                $entriesLine .= getStickyTagOrDate($stickyInfo);
+		$log->debug($entriesLine);
+		print "$entriesLine\n";
 
 		# permissions
 		$log->debug("SEND : u=$meta->{mode},g=$meta->{mode},o=$meta->{mode}");
@@ -1222,7 +1386,6 @@
 		transmitfile($meta->{filehash});
 	    }
         } else {
-            $log->info("Updating '$filename'");
             my ( $filepart, $dirpart ) = filenamesplit($meta->{name},1);
 
             my $mergeDir = setupTmpDir();
@@ -1237,7 +1400,7 @@
 
             # we need to merge with the local changes ( M=successful merge, C=conflict merge )
             $log->info("Merging $file_local, $file_old, $file_new");
-            print "M Merging differences between 1.$oldmeta->{revision} and 1.$meta->{revision} into $filename\n";
+            print "M Merging differences between $oldmeta->{revision} and $meta->{revision} into $filename\n";
 
             $log->debug("Temporary directory for merge is $mergeDir");
 
@@ -1260,8 +1423,10 @@
                     print $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$state->{module}/$filename\n";
                     my $kopts = kopts_from_path("$dirpart/$filepart",
                                                 "file",$mergedFile);
-                    $log->debug("/$filepart/1.$meta->{revision}//$kopts/");
-                    print "/$filepart/1.$meta->{revision}//$kopts/\n";
+                    $log->debug("/$filepart/$meta->{revision}//$kopts/");
+                    my $entriesLine="/$filepart/$meta->{revision}//$kopts/";
+                    $entriesLine .= getStickyTagOrDate($stickyInfo);
+                    print "$entriesLine\n";
                 }
             }
             elsif ( $return == 1 )
@@ -1277,7 +1442,9 @@
                     print $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$state->{module}/$filename\n";
                     my $kopts = kopts_from_path("$dirpart/$filepart",
                                                 "file",$mergedFile);
-                    print "/$filepart/1.$meta->{revision}/+/$kopts/\n";
+                    my $entriesLine = "/$filepart/$meta->{revision}/+/$kopts/";
+                    $entriesLine .= getStickyTagOrDate($stickyInfo);
+                    print "$entriesLine\n";
                 }
             }
             else
@@ -1305,6 +1472,43 @@
 
     }
 
+    # prepDirForOutput() any other existing directories unless they already
+    # have the right sticky tag:
+    unless ( $state->{globaloptions}{n} )
+    {
+        my $dir;
+        foreach $dir (keys(%{$state->{dirMap}}))
+        {
+            if( ! $seendirs{$dir} &&
+                exists($state->{dirArgs}{$dir}) )
+            {
+                my($oldTag);
+                $oldTag=$state->{dirMap}{$dir}{tagspec};
+
+                unless( ( exists($state->{opt}{A}) &&
+                          defined($oldTag) ) ||
+                          ( defined($state->{opt}{r}) &&
+                            ( !defined($oldTag) ||
+                              $state->{opt}{r} ne $oldTag ) ) )
+                        # TODO?: OR sticky dir is different...
+                {
+                    next;
+                }
+
+                prepDirForOutput(
+                        $dir,
+                        $repoDir,
+                        ".",
+                        \%seendirs,
+                        'update',
+                        $state->{dirArgs} );
+            }
+
+            # TODO?: Consider sending a final duplicate Sticky response
+            #   to more closely mimic real CVS.
+        }
+    }
+
     print "ok\n";
 }
 
@@ -1337,23 +1541,11 @@
     my $updater = GITCVS::updater->new($state->{CVSROOT}, $state->{module}, $log);
     $updater->update();
 
-    # Remember where the head was at the beginning.
-    my $parenthash = `git show-ref -s refs/heads/$state->{module}`;
-    chomp $parenthash;
-    if ($parenthash !~ /^[0-9a-f]{40}$/) {
-	    print "error 1 pserver cannot find the current HEAD of module";
-	    cleanupWorkTree();
-	    exit;
-    }
-
-    setupWorkTree($parenthash);
-
-    $log->info("Lockless commit start, basing commit on '$work->{workDir}', index file is '$work->{index}'");
-
-    $log->info("Created index '$work->{index}' for head $state->{module} - exit status $?");
-
     my @committedfiles = ();
     my %oldmeta;
+    my $stickyInfo;
+    my $branchRef;
+    my $parenthash;
 
     # foreach file specified on the command line ...
     foreach my $filename ( @{$state->{args}} )
@@ -1363,7 +1555,67 @@
 
         next unless ( exists $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename} or not $state->{entries}{$filename}{unchanged} );
 
-        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename);
+        #####
+        # Figure out which branch and parenthash we are committing
+        # to, and setup worktree:
+
+        # should always come from entries:
+        my $fileStickyInfo = resolveStickyInfo($filename);
+        if( !defined($branchRef) )
+        {
+            $stickyInfo = $fileStickyInfo;
+            if( defined($stickyInfo) &&
+                ( defined($stickyInfo->{date}) ||
+                  !defined($stickyInfo->{tag}) ) )
+            {
+                print "error 1 cannot commit with sticky date for file `$filename'\n";
+                cleanupWorkTree();
+                exit;
+            }
+
+            $branchRef = "refs/heads/$state->{module}";
+            if ( defined($stickyInfo) && defined($stickyInfo->{tag}) )
+            {
+                $branchRef = "refs/heads/$stickyInfo->{tag}";
+            }
+
+            $parenthash = `git show-ref -s $branchRef`;
+            chomp $parenthash;
+            if ($parenthash !~ /^[0-9a-f]{40}$/)
+            {
+                if ( defined($stickyInfo) && defined($stickyInfo->{tag}) )
+                {
+                    print "error 1 sticky tag `$stickyInfo->{tag}' for file `$filename' is not a branch\n";
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    print "error 1 pserver cannot find the current HEAD of module";
+                }
+                cleanupWorkTree();
+                exit;
+            }
+
+            setupWorkTree($parenthash);
+
+            $log->info("Lockless commit start, basing commit on '$work->{workDir}', index file is '$work->{index}'");
+
+            $log->info("Created index '$work->{index}' for head $state->{module} - exit status $?");
+        }
+        elsif( !refHashEqual($stickyInfo,$fileStickyInfo) )
+        {
+            #TODO: We could split the cvs commit into multiple
+            #  git commits by distinct stickyTag values, but that
+            #  is lowish priority.
+            print "error 1 Committing different files to different"
+                  . " branches is not currently supported\n";
+            cleanupWorkTree();
+            exit;
+        }
+
+        #####
+        # Process this file:
+
+        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename,$stickyInfo);
 	$oldmeta{$filename} = $meta;
 
         my $wrev = revparse($filename);
@@ -1380,11 +1632,12 @@
 
         my $addflag = 0;
         my $rmflag = 0;
-        $rmflag = 1 if ( defined($wrev) and $wrev < 0 );
+        $rmflag = 1 if ( defined($wrev) and ($wrev=~/^-/) );
         $addflag = 1 unless ( -e $filename );
 
         # Do up to date checking
-        unless ( $addflag or $wrev == $meta->{revision} or ( $rmflag and -$wrev == $meta->{revision} ) )
+        unless ( $addflag or $wrev eq $meta->{revision} or
+                 ( $rmflag and $wrev eq "-$meta->{revision}" ) )
         {
             # fail everything if an up to date check fails
             print "error 1 Up to date check failed for $filename\n";
@@ -1421,7 +1674,7 @@
             $log->info("Adding file '$filename'");
             system("git", "update-index", "--add", $filename);
         } else {
-            $log->info("Updating file '$filename'");
+            $log->info("UpdatingX2 file '$filename'");
             system("git", "update-index", $filename);
         }
     }
@@ -1464,7 +1717,7 @@
     }
 
 	### Emulate git-receive-pack by running hooks/update
-	my @hook = ( $ENV{GIT_DIR}.'hooks/update', "refs/heads/$state->{module}",
+	my @hook = ( $ENV{GIT_DIR}.'hooks/update', $branchRef,
 			$parenthash, $commithash );
 	if( -x $hook[0] ) {
 		unless( system( @hook ) == 0 )
@@ -1478,7 +1731,7 @@
 
 	### Update the ref
 	if (system(qw(git update-ref -m), "cvsserver ci",
-			"refs/heads/$state->{module}", $commithash, $parenthash)) {
+			$branchRef, $commithash, $parenthash)) {
 		$log->warn("update-ref for $state->{module} failed.");
 		print "error 1 Cannot commit -- update first\n";
 		cleanupWorkTree();
@@ -1492,7 +1745,7 @@
 
 		local $SIG{PIPE} = sub { die 'pipe broke' };
 
-		print $pipe "$parenthash $commithash refs/heads/$state->{module}\n";
+		print $pipe "$parenthash $commithash $branchRef\n";
 
 		close $pipe || die "bad pipe: $! $?";
 	}
@@ -1502,7 +1755,7 @@
 	### Then hooks/post-update
 	$hook = $ENV{GIT_DIR}.'hooks/post-update';
 	if (-x $hook) {
-		system($hook, "refs/heads/$state->{module}");
+		system($hook, $branchRef);
 	}
 
     # foreach file specified on the command line ...
@@ -1510,9 +1763,9 @@
     {
         $filename = filecleanup($filename);
 
-        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename);
+        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename,$stickyInfo);
 	unless (defined $meta->{revision}) {
-	  $meta->{revision} = 1;
+	  $meta->{revision} = "1.1";
 	}
 
         my ( $filepart, $dirpart ) = filenamesplit($filename, 1);
@@ -1522,19 +1775,20 @@
 	print "M $state->{CVSROOT}/$state->{module}/$filename,v  <--  $dirpart$filepart\n";
         if ( defined $meta->{filehash} && $meta->{filehash} eq "deleted" )
         {
-            print "M new revision: delete; previous revision: 1.$oldmeta{$filename}{revision}\n";
+            print "M new revision: delete; previous revision: $oldmeta{$filename}{revision}\n";
             print "Remove-entry $dirpart\n";
             print "$filename\n";
         } else {
-            if ($meta->{revision} == 1) {
+            if ($meta->{revision} eq "1.1") {
 	        print "M initial revision: 1.1\n";
             } else {
-	        print "M new revision: 1.$meta->{revision}; previous revision: 1.$oldmeta{$filename}{revision}\n";
+	        print "M new revision: $meta->{revision}; previous revision: $oldmeta{$filename}{revision}\n";
             }
             print "Checked-in $dirpart\n";
             print "$filename\n";
             my $kopts = kopts_from_path($filename,"sha1",$meta->{filehash});
-            print "/$filepart/1.$meta->{revision}//$kopts/\n";
+            print "/$filepart/$meta->{revision}//$kopts/" .
+                  getStickyTagOrDate($stickyInfo) . "\n";
         }
     }
 
@@ -1552,10 +1806,12 @@
     #$log->debug("status state : " . Dumper($state));
 
     # Grab a handle to the SQLite db and do any necessary updates
-    my $updater = GITCVS::updater->new($state->{CVSROOT}, $state->{module}, $log);
+    my $updater;
+    $updater = GITCVS::updater->new($state->{CVSROOT}, $state->{module}, $log);
     $updater->update();
 
-    # if no files were specified, we need to work out what files we should be providing status on ...
+    # if no files were specified, we need to work out what files we should
+    # be providing status on ...
     argsfromdir($updater);
 
     # foreach file specified on the command line ...
@@ -1563,67 +1819,140 @@
     {
         $filename = filecleanup($filename);
 
-        next if exists($state->{opt}{l}) && index($filename, '/', length($state->{prependdir})) >= 0;
-
-        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename);
-        my $oldmeta = $meta;
+        if ( exists($state->{opt}{l}) &&
+             index($filename, '/', length($state->{prependdir})) >= 0 )
+        {
+           next;
+        }
 
         my $wrev = revparse($filename);
 
-        # If the working copy is an old revision, lets get that version too for comparison.
-        if ( defined($wrev) and $wrev != $meta->{revision} )
+        my $stickyInfo = resolveStickyInfo($filename);
+        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename,$stickyInfo);
+        my $oldmeta = $meta;
+
+        # If the working copy is an old revision, lets get that
+        # version too for comparison.
+        if ( defined($wrev) and $wrev ne $meta->{revision} )
         {
-            $oldmeta = $updater->getmeta($filename, $wrev);
+            my($rmRev)=$wrev;
+            $rmRev=~s/^-//;
+            $oldmeta = $updater->getmeta($filename, $rmRev);
         }
 
         # TODO : All possible statuses aren't yet implemented
         my $status;
-        # Files are up to date if the working copy and repo copy have the same revision, and the working copy is unmodified
-        $status = "Up-to-date" if ( defined ( $wrev ) and defined($meta->{revision}) and $wrev == $meta->{revision}
-                                    and
-                                    ( ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{unchanged} and ( not defined ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{conflict} ) or $state->{entries}{$filename}{conflict} !~ /^\+=/ ) )
-                                      or ( defined($state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash}) and $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash} eq $meta->{filehash} ) )
-                                   );
+        # Files are up to date if the working copy and repo copy have
+        # the same revision, and the working copy is unmodified
+        if ( defined ( $wrev ) and defined($meta->{revision}) and
+             $wrev eq $meta->{revision} and
+             ( ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{unchanged} and
+                 ( not defined ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{conflict} ) or
+                   $state->{entries}{$filename}{conflict} !~ /^\+=/ ) ) or
+               ( defined($state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash}) and
+                 $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash} eq
+                        $meta->{filehash} ) ) )
+        {
+            $status = "Up-to-date"
+        }
 
-        # Need checkout if the working copy has an older revision than the repo copy, and the working copy is unmodified
-        $status ||= "Needs Checkout" if ( defined ( $wrev ) and defined ( $meta->{revision} ) and $meta->{revision} > $wrev
-                                          and
-                                          ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{unchanged}
-                                            or ( defined($state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash}) and $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash} eq $oldmeta->{filehash} ) )
-                                        );
+        # Need checkout if the working copy has a different (usually
+        # older) revision than the repo copy, and the working copy is
+        # unmodified
+        if ( defined ( $wrev ) and defined ( $meta->{revision} ) and
+             $meta->{revision} ne $wrev and
+             ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{unchanged} or
+               ( defined($state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash}) and
+                 $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash} eq
+                                $oldmeta->{filehash} ) ) )
+        {
+            $status ||= "Needs Checkout";
+        }
 
-        # Need checkout if it exists in the repo but doesn't have a working copy
-        $status ||= "Needs Checkout" if ( not defined ( $wrev ) and defined ( $meta->{revision} ) );
+        # Need checkout if it exists in the repo but doesn't have a working
+        # copy
+        if ( not defined ( $wrev ) and defined ( $meta->{revision} ) )
+        {
+            $status ||= "Needs Checkout";
+        }
 
-        # Locally modified if working copy and repo copy have the same revision but there are local changes
-        $status ||= "Locally Modified" if ( defined ( $wrev ) and defined($meta->{revision}) and $wrev == $meta->{revision} and $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename} );
+        # Locally modified if working copy and repo copy have the
+        # same revision but there are local changes
+        if ( defined ( $wrev ) and defined($meta->{revision}) and
+             $wrev eq $meta->{revision} and
+             $wrev ne "0" and
+             $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename} )
+        {
+            $status ||= "Locally Modified";
+        }
 
-        # Needs Merge if working copy revision is less than repo copy and there are local changes
-        $status ||= "Needs Merge" if ( defined ( $wrev ) and defined ( $meta->{revision} ) and $meta->{revision} > $wrev and $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename} );
+        # Needs Merge if working copy revision is different
+        # (usually older) than repo copy and there are local changes
+        if ( defined ( $wrev ) and defined ( $meta->{revision} ) and
+             $meta->{revision} ne $wrev and
+             $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename} )
+        {
+            $status ||= "Needs Merge";
+        }
 
-        $status ||= "Locally Added" if ( defined ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{revision} ) and not defined ( $meta->{revision} ) );
-        $status ||= "Locally Removed" if ( defined ( $wrev ) and defined ( $meta->{revision} ) and -$wrev == $meta->{revision} );
-        $status ||= "Unresolved Conflict" if ( defined ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{conflict} ) and $state->{entries}{$filename}{conflict} =~ /^\+=/ );
-        $status ||= "File had conflicts on merge" if ( 0 );
+        if ( defined ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{revision} ) and
+             ( !defined($meta->{revision}) ||
+               $meta->{revision} eq "0" ) )
+        {
+            $status ||= "Locally Added";
+        }
+        if ( defined ( $wrev ) and defined ( $meta->{revision} ) and
+             $wrev eq "-$meta->{revision}" )
+        {
+            $status ||= "Locally Removed";
+        }
+        if ( defined ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{conflict} ) and
+             $state->{entries}{$filename}{conflict} =~ /^\+=/ )
+        {
+            $status ||= "Unresolved Conflict";
+        }
+        if ( 0 )
+        {
+            $status ||= "File had conflicts on merge";
+        }
 
         $status ||= "Unknown";
 
         my ($filepart) = filenamesplit($filename);
 
-        print "M ===================================================================\n";
+        print "M =======" . ( "=" x 60 ) . "\n";
         print "M File: $filepart\tStatus: $status\n";
         if ( defined($state->{entries}{$filename}{revision}) )
         {
-            print "M Working revision:\t" . $state->{entries}{$filename}{revision} . "\n";
+            print "M Working revision:\t" .
+                  $state->{entries}{$filename}{revision} . "\n";
         } else {
             print "M Working revision:\tNo entry for $filename\n";
         }
         if ( defined($meta->{revision}) )
         {
-            print "M Repository revision:\t1." . $meta->{revision} . "\t$state->{CVSROOT}/$state->{module}/$filename,v\n";
-            print "M Sticky Tag:\t\t(none)\n";
-            print "M Sticky Date:\t\t(none)\n";
-            print "M Sticky Options:\t\t(none)\n";
+            print "M Repository revision:\t" .
+                   $meta->{revision} .
+                   "\t$state->{CVSROOT}/$state->{module}/$filename,v\n";
+            my($tagOrDate)=$state->{entries}{$filename}{tag_or_date};
+            my($tag)=($tagOrDate=~m/^T(.+)$/);
+            if( !defined($tag) )
+            {
+                $tag="(none)";
+            }
+            print "M Sticky Tag:\t\t$tag\n";
+            my($date)=($tagOrDate=~m/^D(.+)$/);
+            if( !defined($date) )
+            {
+                $date="(none)";
+            }
+            print "M Sticky Date:\t\t$date\n";
+            my($options)=$state->{entries}{$filename}{options};
+            if( $options eq "" )
+            {
+                $options="(none)";
+            }
+            print "M Sticky Options:\t\t$options\n";
         } else {
             print "M Repository revision:\tNo revision control file\n";
         }
@@ -1651,96 +1980,149 @@
         $revision1 = $state->{opt}{r};
     }
 
-    $revision1 =~ s/^1\.// if ( defined ( $revision1 ) );
-    $revision2 =~ s/^1\.// if ( defined ( $revision2 ) );
-
-    $log->debug("Diffing revisions " . ( defined($revision1) ? $revision1 : "[NULL]" ) . " and " . ( defined($revision2) ? $revision2 : "[NULL]" ) );
+    $log->debug("Diffing revisions " .
+                ( defined($revision1) ? $revision1 : "[NULL]" ) .
+                " and " . ( defined($revision2) ? $revision2 : "[NULL]" ) );
 
     # Grab a handle to the SQLite db and do any necessary updates
-    my $updater = GITCVS::updater->new($state->{CVSROOT}, $state->{module}, $log);
+    my $updater;
+    $updater = GITCVS::updater->new($state->{CVSROOT}, $state->{module}, $log);
     $updater->update();
 
-    # if no files were specified, we need to work out what files we should be providing status on ...
+    # if no files were specified, we need to work out what files we should
+    # be providing status on ...
     argsfromdir($updater);
 
+    my($foundDiff);
+
     # foreach file specified on the command line ...
-    foreach my $filename ( @{$state->{args}} )
+    foreach my $argFilename ( @{$state->{args}} )
     {
-        $filename = filecleanup($filename);
+        my($filename) = filecleanup($argFilename);
 
         my ( $fh, $file1, $file2, $meta1, $meta2, $filediff );
 
         my $wrev = revparse($filename);
 
-        # We need _something_ to diff against
-        next unless ( defined ( $wrev ) );
+        # Priority for revision1:
+        #  1. First -r (missing file: check -N)
+        #  2. wrev from client's Entry line
+        #      - missing line/file: check -N
+        #      - "0": added file not committed (empty contents for rev1)
+        #      - Prefixed with dash (to be removed): check -N
 
-        # if we have a -r switch, use it
         if ( defined ( $revision1 ) )
         {
-            ( undef, $file1 ) = tempfile( DIR => $TEMP_DIR, OPEN => 0 );
             $meta1 = $updater->getmeta($filename, $revision1);
-            unless ( defined ( $meta1 ) and $meta1->{filehash} ne "deleted" )
+        }
+        elsif( defined($wrev) && $wrev ne "0" )
+        {
+            my($rmRev)=$wrev;
+            $rmRev=~s/^-//;
+            $meta1 = $updater->getmeta($filename, $rmRev);
+        }
+        if ( !defined($meta1) ||
+             $meta1->{filehash} eq "deleted" )
+        {
+            if( !exists($state->{opt}{N}) )
             {
-                print "E File $filename at revision 1.$revision1 doesn't exist\n";
+                if(!defined($revision1))
+                {
+                    print "E File $filename at revision $revision1 doesn't exist\n";
+                }
                 next;
             }
-            transmitfile($meta1->{filehash}, { targetfile => $file1 });
+            elsif( !defined($meta1) )
+            {
+                $meta1 = {
+                    name => $filename,
+                    revision => '0',
+                    filehash => 'deleted'
+                };
+            }
         }
-        # otherwise we just use the working copy revision
-        else
-        {
-            ( undef, $file1 ) = tempfile( DIR => $TEMP_DIR, OPEN => 0 );
-            $meta1 = $updater->getmeta($filename, $wrev);
-            transmitfile($meta1->{filehash}, { targetfile => $file1 });
-        }
+
+        # Priority for revision2:
+        #  1. Second -r (missing file: check -N)
+        #  2. Modified file contents from client
+        #  3. wrev from client's Entry line
+        #      - missing line/file: check -N
+        #      - Prefixed with dash (to be removed): check -N
 
         # if we have a second -r switch, use it too
         if ( defined ( $revision2 ) )
         {
-            ( undef, $file2 ) = tempfile( DIR => $TEMP_DIR, OPEN => 0 );
             $meta2 = $updater->getmeta($filename, $revision2);
-
-            unless ( defined ( $meta2 ) and $meta2->{filehash} ne "deleted" )
-            {
-                print "E File $filename at revision 1.$revision2 doesn't exist\n";
-                next;
-            }
-
-            transmitfile($meta2->{filehash}, { targetfile => $file2 });
         }
-        # otherwise we just use the working copy
-        else
+        elsif(defined($state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename}))
         {
             $file2 = $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename};
+	    $meta2 = {
+                name => $filename,
+	        revision => '0',
+	        filehash => 'modified'
+            };
+        }
+        elsif( defined($wrev) && ($wrev!~/^-/) )
+        {
+            if(!defined($revision1))  # no revision and no modifications:
+            {
+                next;
+            }
+            $meta2 = $updater->getmeta($filename, $wrev);
+        }
+        if(!defined($file2))
+        {
+            if ( !defined($meta2) ||
+                 $meta2->{filehash} eq "deleted" )
+            {
+                if( !exists($state->{opt}{N}) )
+                {
+                    if(!defined($revision2))
+                    {
+                        print "E File $filename at revision $revision2 doesn't exist\n";
+                    }
+                    next;
+                }
+                elsif( !defined($meta2) )
+                {
+	            $meta2 = {
+                        name => $filename,
+	                revision => '0',
+	                filehash => 'deleted'
+                    };
+                }
+            }
         }
 
-        # if we have been given -r, and we don't have a $file2 yet, lets get one
-        if ( defined ( $revision1 ) and not defined ( $file2 ) )
+        if( $meta1->{filehash} eq $meta2->{filehash} )
+        {
+            $log->info("unchanged $filename");
+            next;
+        }
+
+        # Retrieve revision contents:
+        ( undef, $file1 ) = tempfile( DIR => $TEMP_DIR, OPEN => 0 );
+        transmitfile($meta1->{filehash}, { targetfile => $file1 });
+
+        if(!defined($file2))
         {
             ( undef, $file2 ) = tempfile( DIR => $TEMP_DIR, OPEN => 0 );
-            $meta2 = $updater->getmeta($filename, $wrev);
             transmitfile($meta2->{filehash}, { targetfile => $file2 });
         }
 
-        # We need to have retrieved something useful
-        next unless ( defined ( $meta1 ) );
-
-        # Files to date if the working copy and repo copy have the same revision, and the working copy is unmodified
-        next if ( not defined ( $meta2 ) and $wrev == $meta1->{revision}
-                  and
-                   ( ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{unchanged} and ( not defined ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{conflict} ) or $state->{entries}{$filename}{conflict} !~ /^\+=/ ) )
-                     or ( defined($state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash}) and $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash} eq $meta1->{filehash} ) )
-                  );
-
-        # Apparently we only show diffs for locally modified files
-        next unless ( defined($meta2) or defined ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename} ) );
-
-        print "M Index: $filename\n";
-        print "M ===================================================================\n";
+        # Generate the actual diff:
+        print "M Index: $argFilename\n";
+        print "M =======" . ( "=" x 60 ) . "\n";
         print "M RCS file: $state->{CVSROOT}/$state->{module}/$filename,v\n";
-        print "M retrieving revision 1.$meta1->{revision}\n" if ( defined ( $meta1 ) );
-        print "M retrieving revision 1.$meta2->{revision}\n" if ( defined ( $meta2 ) );
+        if ( defined ( $meta1 ) && $meta1->{revision} ne "0" )
+        {
+            print "M retrieving revision $meta1->{revision}\n"
+        }
+        if ( defined ( $meta2 ) && $meta2->{revision} ne "0" )
+        {
+            print "M retrieving revision $meta2->{revision}\n"
+        }
         print "M diff ";
         foreach my $opt ( keys %{$state->{opt}} )
         {
@@ -1752,30 +2134,79 @@
                 }
             } else {
                 print "-$opt ";
-                print "$state->{opt}{$opt} " if ( defined ( $state->{opt}{$opt} ) );
+                if ( defined ( $state->{opt}{$opt} ) )
+                {
+                    print "$state->{opt}{$opt} "
+                }
             }
         }
-        print "$filename\n";
+        print "$argFilename\n";
 
-        $log->info("Diffing $filename -r $meta1->{revision} -r " . ( $meta2->{revision} or "workingcopy" ));
+        $log->info("Diffing $filename -r $meta1->{revision} -r " .
+                   ( $meta2->{revision} or "workingcopy" ));
 
-        ( $fh, $filediff ) = tempfile ( DIR => $TEMP_DIR );
+        # TODO: Use --label instead of -L because -L is no longer
+        #  documented and may go away someday.  Not sure if there there are
+        #  versions that only support -L, which would make this change risky?
+        #  http://osdir.com/ml/bug-gnu-utils-gnu/2010-12/msg00060.html
+        #    ("man diff" should actually document the best migration strategy,
+        #  [current behavior, future changes, old compatibility issues
+        #  or lack thereof, etc], not just stop mentioning the option...)
+        # TODO: Real CVS seems to include a date in the label, before
+        #  the revision part, without the keyword "revision".  The following
+        #  has minimal changes compared to original versions of
+        #  git-cvsserver.perl.  (Mostly tab vs space after filename.)
 
+        my (@diffCmd) = ( 'diff' );
+        if ( exists($state->{opt}{N}) )
+        {
+            push @diffCmd,"-N";
+        }
         if ( exists $state->{opt}{u} )
         {
-            system("diff -u -L '$filename revision 1.$meta1->{revision}' -L '$filename " . ( defined($meta2->{revision}) ? "revision 1.$meta2->{revision}" : "working copy" ) . "' $file1 $file2 > $filediff");
-        } else {
-            system("diff $file1 $file2 > $filediff");
-        }
+            push @diffCmd,("-u","-L");
+            if( $meta1->{filehash} eq "deleted" )
+            {
+                push @diffCmd,"/dev/null";
+            } else {
+                push @diffCmd,("$argFilename\trevision $meta1->{revision}");
+            }
 
-        while ( <$fh> )
-        {
-            print "M $_";
+            if( defined($meta2->{filehash}) )
+            {
+                if( $meta2->{filehash} eq "deleted" )
+                {
+                    push @diffCmd,("-L","/dev/null");
+                } else {
+                    push @diffCmd,("-L",
+                                   "$argFilename\trevision $meta2->{revision}");
+                }
+            } else {
+                push @diffCmd,("-L","$argFilename\tworking copy");
+            }
         }
-        close $fh;
+        push @diffCmd,($file1,$file2);
+        if(!open(DIFF,"-|",@diffCmd))
+        {
+            $log->warn("Unable to run diff: $!");
+        }
+        my($diffLine);
+        while(defined($diffLine=<DIFF>))
+        {
+            print "M $diffLine";
+            $foundDiff=1;
+        }
+        close(DIFF);
     }
 
-    print "ok\n";
+    if($foundDiff)
+    {
+        print "error  \n";
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        print "ok\n";
+    }
 }
 
 sub req_log
@@ -1787,22 +2218,19 @@
     $log->debug("req_log : " . ( defined($data) ? $data : "[NULL]" ));
     #$log->debug("log state : " . Dumper($state));
 
-    my ( $minrev, $maxrev );
-    if ( defined ( $state->{opt}{r} ) and $state->{opt}{r} =~ /([\d.]+)?(::?)([\d.]+)?/ )
+    my ( $revFilter );
+    if ( defined ( $state->{opt}{r} ) )
     {
-        my $control = $2;
-        $minrev = $1;
-        $maxrev = $3;
-        $minrev =~ s/^1\.// if ( defined ( $minrev ) );
-        $maxrev =~ s/^1\.// if ( defined ( $maxrev ) );
-        $minrev++ if ( defined($minrev) and $control eq "::" );
+        $revFilter = $state->{opt}{r};
     }
 
     # Grab a handle to the SQLite db and do any necessary updates
-    my $updater = GITCVS::updater->new($state->{CVSROOT}, $state->{module}, $log);
+    my $updater;
+    $updater = GITCVS::updater->new($state->{CVSROOT}, $state->{module}, $log);
     $updater->update();
 
-    # if no files were specified, we need to work out what files we should be providing status on ...
+    # if no files were specified, we need to work out what files we
+    # should be providing status on ...
     argsfromdir($updater);
 
     # foreach file specified on the command line ...
@@ -1812,53 +2240,46 @@
 
         my $headmeta = $updater->getmeta($filename);
 
-        my $revisions = $updater->getlog($filename);
-        my $totalrevisions = scalar(@$revisions);
-
-        if ( defined ( $minrev ) )
-        {
-            $log->debug("Removing revisions less than $minrev");
-            while ( scalar(@$revisions) > 0 and $revisions->[-1]{revision} < $minrev )
-            {
-                pop @$revisions;
-            }
-        }
-        if ( defined ( $maxrev ) )
-        {
-            $log->debug("Removing revisions greater than $maxrev");
-            while ( scalar(@$revisions) > 0 and $revisions->[0]{revision} > $maxrev )
-            {
-                shift @$revisions;
-            }
-        }
+        my ($revisions,$totalrevisions) = $updater->getlog($filename,
+                                                           $revFilter);
 
         next unless ( scalar(@$revisions) );
 
         print "M \n";
         print "M RCS file: $state->{CVSROOT}/$state->{module}/$filename,v\n";
         print "M Working file: $filename\n";
-        print "M head: 1.$headmeta->{revision}\n";
+        print "M head: $headmeta->{revision}\n";
         print "M branch:\n";
         print "M locks: strict\n";
         print "M access list:\n";
         print "M symbolic names:\n";
         print "M keyword substitution: kv\n";
-        print "M total revisions: $totalrevisions;\tselected revisions: " . scalar(@$revisions) . "\n";
+        print "M total revisions: $totalrevisions;\tselected revisions: " .
+              scalar(@$revisions) . "\n";
         print "M description:\n";
 
         foreach my $revision ( @$revisions )
         {
             print "M ----------------------------\n";
-            print "M revision 1.$revision->{revision}\n";
+            print "M revision $revision->{revision}\n";
             # reformat the date for log output
-            $revision->{modified} = sprintf('%04d/%02d/%02d %s', $3, $DATE_LIST->{$2}, $1, $4 ) if ( $revision->{modified} =~ /(\d+)\s+(\w+)\s+(\d+)\s+(\S+)/ and defined($DATE_LIST->{$2}) );
+            if ( $revision->{modified} =~ /(\d+)\s+(\w+)\s+(\d+)\s+(\S+)/ and
+                 defined($DATE_LIST->{$2}) )
+            {
+                $revision->{modified} = sprintf('%04d/%02d/%02d %s',
+                                            $3, $DATE_LIST->{$2}, $1, $4 );
+            }
             $revision->{author} = cvs_author($revision->{author});
-            print "M date: $revision->{modified};  author: $revision->{author};  state: " . ( $revision->{filehash} eq "deleted" ? "dead" : "Exp" ) . ";  lines: +2 -3\n";
-            my $commitmessage = $updater->commitmessage($revision->{commithash});
+            print "M date: $revision->{modified};" .
+                  "  author: $revision->{author};  state: " .
+                  ( $revision->{filehash} eq "deleted" ? "dead" : "Exp" ) .
+                  ";  lines: +2 -3\n";
+            my $commitmessage;
+            $commitmessage = $updater->commitmessage($revision->{commithash});
             $commitmessage =~ s/^/M /mg;
             print $commitmessage . "\n";
         }
-        print "M =============================================================================\n";
+        print "M =======" . ( "=" x 70 ) . "\n";
     }
 
     print "ok\n";
@@ -1964,7 +2385,7 @@
                     $metadata->{$commithash}{author} = cvs_author($metadata->{$commithash}{author});
                     $metadata->{$commithash}{modified} = sprintf("%02d-%s-%02d", $1, $2, $3) if ( $metadata->{$commithash}{modified} =~ /^(\d+)\s(\w+)\s\d\d(\d\d)/ );
                 }
-                printf("M 1.%-5d      (%-8s %10s): %s\n",
+                printf("M %-7s      (%-8s %10s): %s\n",
                     $metadata->{$commithash}{revision},
                     $metadata->{$commithash}{author},
                     $metadata->{$commithash}{modified},
@@ -2005,7 +2426,7 @@
         $opt = { A => 0, N => 0, P => 0, R => 0, c => 0, f => 0, l => 0, n => 0, p => 0, s => 0, r => 1, D => 1, d => 1, k => 1, j => 1, } if ( $type eq "co" );
         $opt = { v => 0, l => 0, R => 0 } if ( $type eq "status" );
         $opt = { A => 0, P => 0, C => 0, d => 0, f => 0, l => 0, R => 0, p => 0, k => 1, r => 1, D => 1, j => 1, I => 1, W => 1 } if ( $type eq "update" );
-        $opt = { l => 0, R => 0, k => 1, D => 1, D => 1, r => 2 } if ( $type eq "diff" );
+        $opt = { l => 0, R => 0, k => 1, D => 1, D => 1, r => 2, N => 0 } if ( $type eq "diff" );
         $opt = { c => 0, R => 0, l => 0, f => 0, F => 1, m => 1, r => 1 } if ( $type eq "ci" );
         $opt = { k => 1, m => 1 } if ( $type eq "add" );
         $opt = { f => 0, l => 0, R => 0 } if ( $type eq "remove" );
@@ -2071,74 +2492,346 @@
     }
 }
 
-# This method uses $state->{directory} to populate $state->{args} with a list of filenames
+# Used by argsfromdir
+sub expandArg
+{
+    my ($updater,$outNameMap,$outDirMap,$path,$isDir) = @_;
+
+    my $fullPath = filecleanup($path);
+
+      # Is it a directory?
+    if( defined($state->{dirMap}{$fullPath}) ||
+        defined($state->{dirMap}{"$fullPath/"}) )
+    {
+          # It is a directory in the user's sandbox.
+        $isDir=1;
+
+        if(defined($state->{entries}{$fullPath}))
+        {
+            $log->fatal("Inconsistent file/dir type");
+            die "Inconsistent file/dir type";
+        }
+    }
+    elsif(defined($state->{entries}{$fullPath}))
+    {
+          # It is a file in the user's sandbox.
+        $isDir=0;
+    }
+    my($revDirMap,$otherRevDirMap);
+    if(!defined($isDir) || $isDir)
+    {
+          # Resolve version tree for sticky tag:
+          # (for now we only want list of files for the version, not
+          # particular versions of those files: assume it is a directory
+          # for the moment; ignore Entry's stick tag)
+
+          # Order of precedence of sticky tags:
+          #    -A       [head]
+          #    -r /tag/
+          #    [file entry sticky tag, but that is only relevant to files]
+          #    [the tag specified in dir req_Sticky]
+          #    [the tag specified in a parent dir req_Sticky]
+          #    [head]
+          # Also, -r may appear twice (for diff).
+          #
+          # FUTURE: When/if -j (merges) are supported, we also
+          #  need to add relevant files from one or two
+          #  versions specified with -j.
+
+        if(exists($state->{opt}{A}))
+        {
+            $revDirMap=$updater->getRevisionDirMap();
+        }
+        elsif( defined($state->{opt}{r}) and
+               ref $state->{opt}{r} eq "ARRAY" )
+        {
+            $revDirMap=$updater->getRevisionDirMap($state->{opt}{r}[0]);
+            $otherRevDirMap=$updater->getRevisionDirMap($state->{opt}{r}[1]);
+        }
+        elsif(defined($state->{opt}{r}))
+        {
+            $revDirMap=$updater->getRevisionDirMap($state->{opt}{r});
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            my($sticky)=getDirStickyInfo($fullPath);
+            $revDirMap=$updater->getRevisionDirMap($sticky->{tag});
+        }
+
+          # Is it a directory?
+        if( defined($revDirMap->{$fullPath}) ||
+            defined($otherRevDirMap->{$fullPath}) )
+        {
+            $isDir=1;
+        }
+    }
+
+      # What to do with it?
+    if(!$isDir)
+    {
+        $outNameMap->{$fullPath}=1;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        $outDirMap->{$fullPath}=1;
+
+        if(defined($revDirMap->{$fullPath}))
+        {
+            addDirMapFiles($updater,$outNameMap,$outDirMap,
+                           $revDirMap->{$fullPath});
+        }
+        if( defined($otherRevDirMap) &&
+            defined($otherRevDirMap->{$fullPath}) )
+        {
+            addDirMapFiles($updater,$outNameMap,$outDirMap,
+                           $otherRevDirMap->{$fullPath});
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+# Used by argsfromdir
+# Add entries from dirMap to outNameMap.  Also recurse into entries
+# that are subdirectories.
+sub addDirMapFiles
+{
+    my($updater,$outNameMap,$outDirMap,$dirMap)=@_;
+
+    my($fullName);
+    foreach $fullName (keys(%$dirMap))
+    {
+        my $cleanName=$fullName;
+        if(defined($state->{prependdir}))
+        {
+            if(!($cleanName=~s/^\Q$state->{prependdir}\E//))
+            {
+                $log->fatal("internal error stripping prependdir");
+                die "internal error stripping prependdir";
+            }
+        }
+
+        if($dirMap->{$fullName} eq "F")
+        {
+            $outNameMap->{$cleanName}=1;
+        }
+        elsif($dirMap->{$fullName} eq "D")
+        {
+            if(!$state->{opt}{l})
+            {
+                expandArg($updater,$outNameMap,$outDirMap,$cleanName,1);
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            $log->fatal("internal error in addDirMapFiles");
+            die "internal error in addDirMapFiles";
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+# This method replaces $state->{args} with a directory-expanded
+# list of all relevant filenames (recursively unless -d), based
+# on $state->{entries}, and the "current" list of files in
+# each directory.  "Current" files as determined by
+# either the requested (-r/-A) or "req_Sticky" version of
+# that directory.
+#    Both the input args and the new output args are relative
+# to the cvs-client's CWD, although some of the internal
+# computations are relative to the top of the project.
 sub argsfromdir
 {
     my $updater = shift;
 
-    $state->{args} = [] if ( scalar(@{$state->{args}}) == 1 and $state->{args}[0] eq "." );
+    # Notes about requirements for specific callers:
+    #   update # "standard" case (entries; a single -r/-A/default; -l)
+    #          # Special case: -d for create missing directories.
+    #   diff # 0 or 1 -r's: "standard" case.
+    #        # 2 -r's: We could ignore entries (just use the two -r's),
+    #        # but it doesn't really matter.
+    #   annotate # "standard" case
+    #   log # Punting: log -r has a more complex non-"standard"
+    #       # meaning, and we don't currently try to support log'ing
+    #       # branches at all (need a lot of work to
+    #       # support CVS-consistent branch relative version
+    #       # numbering).
+#HERE: But we still want to expand directories.  Maybe we should
+#  essentially force "-A".
+    #   status # "standard", except that -r/-A/default are not possible.
+    #          # Mostly only used to expand entries only)
+    #
+    # Don't use argsfromdir at all:
+    #   add # Explicit arguments required.  Directory args imply add
+    #       # the directory itself, not the files in it.
+    #   co  # Obtain list directly.
+    #   remove # HERE: TEST: MAYBE client does the recursion for us,
+    #          # since it only makes sense to remove stuff already in
+    #          # the sandobx?
+    #   ci # HERE: Similar to remove...
+    #      # Don't try to implement the confusing/weird
+    #      # ci -r bug er.."feature".
 
-    return if ( scalar ( @{$state->{args}} ) > 1 );
-
-    my @gethead = @{$updater->gethead};
-
-    # push added files
-    foreach my $file (keys %{$state->{entries}}) {
-	if ( exists $state->{entries}{$file}{revision} &&
-		$state->{entries}{$file}{revision} == 0 )
-	{
-	    push @gethead, { name => $file, filehash => 'added' };
-	}
-    }
-
-    if ( scalar(@{$state->{args}}) == 1 )
+    if(scalar(@{$state->{args}})==0)
     {
-        my $arg = $state->{args}[0];
-        $arg .= $state->{prependdir} if ( defined ( $state->{prependdir} ) );
+        $state->{args} = [ "." ];
+    }
+    my %allArgs;
+    my %allDirs;
+    for my $file (@{$state->{args}})
+    {
+        expandArg($updater,\%allArgs,\%allDirs,$file);
+    }
 
-        $log->info("Only one arg specified, checking for directory expansion on '$arg'");
+    # Include any entries from sandbox.  Generally client won't
+    # send entries that shouldn't be used.
+    foreach my $file (keys %{$state->{entries}})
+    {
+        $allArgs{remove_prependdir($file)} = 1;
+    }
 
-        foreach my $file ( @gethead )
+    $state->{dirArgs} = \%allDirs;
+    $state->{args} = [
+        sort {
+                # Sort priority: by directory depth, then actual file name:
+            my @piecesA=split('/',$a);
+            my @piecesB=split('/',$b);
+
+            my $count=scalar(@piecesA);
+            my $tmp=scalar(@piecesB);
+            return $count<=>$tmp if($count!=$tmp);
+
+            for($tmp=0;$tmp<$count;$tmp++)
+            {
+                if($piecesA[$tmp] ne $piecesB[$tmp])
+                {
+                    return $piecesA[$tmp] cmp $piecesB[$tmp]
+                }
+            }
+            return 0;
+        } keys(%allArgs) ];
+}
+
+## look up directory sticky tag, of either fullPath or a parent:
+sub getDirStickyInfo
+{
+    my($fullPath)=@_;
+
+    $fullPath=~s%/+$%%;
+    while($fullPath ne "" && !defined($state->{dirMap}{"$fullPath/"}))
+    {
+        $fullPath=~s%/?[^/]*$%%;
+    }
+
+    if( !defined($state->{dirMap}{"$fullPath/"}) &&
+        ( $fullPath eq "" ||
+          $fullPath eq "." ) )
+    {
+        return $state->{dirMap}{""}{stickyInfo};
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return $state->{dirMap}{"$fullPath/"}{stickyInfo};
+    }
+}
+
+# Resolve precedence of various ways of specifying which version of
+# a file you want.  Returns undef (for default head), or a ref to a hash
+# that contains "tag" and/or "date" keys.
+sub resolveStickyInfo
+{
+    my($filename,$stickyTag,$stickyDate,$reset) = @_;
+
+    # Order of precedence of sticky tags:
+    #    -A       [head]
+    #    -r /tag/
+    #    [file entry sticky tag]
+    #    [the tag specified in dir req_Sticky]
+    #    [the tag specified in a parent dir req_Sticky]
+    #    [head]
+
+    my $result;
+    if($reset)
+    {
+        # $result=undef;
+    }
+    elsif( defined($stickyTag) && $stickyTag ne "" )
+           # || ( defined($stickyDate) && $stickyDate ne "" )   # TODO
+    {
+        $result={ 'tag' => (defined($stickyTag)?$stickyTag:undef) };
+
+        # TODO: Convert -D value into the form 2011.04.10.04.46.57,
+        #   similar to an entry line's sticky date, without the D prefix.
+        #   It sometimes (always?) arrives as something more like
+        #   '10 Apr 2011 04:46:57 -0000'...
+        # $result={ 'date' => (defined($stickyDate)?$stickyDate:undef) };
+    }
+    elsif( defined($state->{entries}{$filename}) &&
+           defined($state->{entries}{$filename}{tag_or_date}) &&
+           $state->{entries}{$filename}{tag_or_date} ne "" )
+    {
+        my($tagOrDate)=$state->{entries}{$filename}{tag_or_date};
+        if($tagOrDate=~/^T([^ ]+)\s*$/)
         {
-            next if ( $file->{filehash} eq "deleted" and not defined ( $state->{entries}{$file->{name}} ) );
-            next unless ( $file->{name} =~ /^$arg\// or $file->{name} eq $arg  );
-            push @{$state->{args}}, $file->{name};
+            $result = { 'tag' => $1 };
         }
-
-        shift @{$state->{args}} if ( scalar(@{$state->{args}}) > 1 );
-    } else {
-        $log->info("Only one arg specified, populating file list automatically");
-
-        $state->{args} = [];
-
-        foreach my $file ( @gethead )
+        elsif($tagOrDate=~/^D([0-9.]+)\s*$/)
         {
-            next if ( $file->{filehash} eq "deleted" and not defined ( $state->{entries}{$file->{name}} ) );
-            next unless ( $file->{name} =~ s/^$state->{prependdir}// );
-            push @{$state->{args}}, $file->{name};
+            $result= { 'date' => $1 };
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            die "Unknown tag_or_date format\n";
         }
     }
+    else
+    {
+        $result=getDirStickyInfo($filename);
+    }
+
+    return $result;
+}
+
+# Convert a stickyInfo (ref to a hash) as returned by resolveStickyInfo into
+# a form appropriate for the sticky tag field of an Entries
+# line (field index 5, 0-based).
+sub getStickyTagOrDate
+{
+    my($stickyInfo)=@_;
+
+    my $result;
+    if(defined($stickyInfo) && defined($stickyInfo->{tag}))
+    {
+        $result="T$stickyInfo->{tag}";
+    }
+    # TODO: When/if we actually pick versions by {date} properly,
+    #   also handle it here:
+    #   "D$stickyInfo->{date}" (example: "D2011.04.13.20.37.07").
+    else
+    {
+        $result="";
+    }
+
+    return $result;
 }
 
 # This method cleans up the $state variable after a command that uses arguments has run
 sub statecleanup
 {
     $state->{files} = [];
+    $state->{dirArgs} = {};
     $state->{args} = [];
     $state->{arguments} = [];
     $state->{entries} = {};
+    $state->{dirMap} = {};
 }
 
+# Return working directory CVS revision "1.X" out
+# of the the working directory "entries" state, for the given filename.
+# This is prefixed with a dash if the file is scheduled for removal
+# when it is committed.
 sub revparse
 {
     my $filename = shift;
 
-    return undef unless ( defined ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{revision} ) );
-
-    return $1 if ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{revision} =~ /^1\.(\d+)/ );
-    return -$1 if ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{revision} =~ /^-1\.(\d+)/ );
-
-    return undef;
+    return $state->{entries}{$filename}{revision};
 }
 
 # This method takes a file hash and does a CVS "file transfer".  Its
@@ -2217,6 +2910,9 @@
     return ( $filepart, $dirpart );
 }
 
+# Cleanup various junk in filename (try to canonicalize it), and
+# add prependdir to accommodate running CVS client from a
+# subdirectory (so the output is relative to top directory of the project).
 sub filecleanup
 {
     my $filename = shift;
@@ -2228,11 +2924,36 @@
         return undef;
     }
 
+    if($filename eq ".")
+    {
+        $filename="";
+    }
     $filename =~ s/^\.\///g;
+    $filename =~ s%/+%/%g;
     $filename = $state->{prependdir} . $filename;
+    $filename =~ s%/$%%;
     return $filename;
 }
 
+# Remove prependdir from the path, so that is is relative to the directory
+# the CVS client was started from, rather than the top of the project.
+# Essentially the inverse of filecleanup().
+sub remove_prependdir
+{
+    my($path) = @_;
+    if(defined($state->{prependdir}) && $state->{prependdir} ne "")
+    {
+        my($pre)=$state->{prependdir};
+        $pre=~s%/$%%;
+        if(!($path=~s%^\Q$pre\E/?%%))
+        {
+            $log->fatal("internal error missing prependdir");
+            die("internal error missing prependdir");
+        }
+    }
+    return $path;
+}
+
 sub validateGitDir
 {
     if( !defined($state->{CVSROOT}) )
@@ -2444,42 +3165,14 @@
         }
         elsif( ($cfg->{gitcvs}{allbinary} =~ /^\s*guess\s*$/i) )
         {
-            if( $srcType eq "sha1Or-k" &&
-                !defined($name) )
+            if( is_binary($srcType,$name) )
             {
-                my ($ret)=$state->{entries}{$path}{options};
-                if( !defined($ret) )
-                {
-                    $ret=$state->{opt}{k};
-                    if(defined($ret))
-                    {
-                        $ret="-k$ret";
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        $ret="";
-                    }
-                }
-                if( ! ($ret=~/^(|-kb|-kkv|-kkvl|-kk|-ko|-kv)$/) )
-                {
-                    print "E Bad -k option\n";
-                    $log->warn("Bad -k option: $ret");
-                    die "Error: Bad -k option: $ret\n";
-                }
-
-                return $ret;
+                $log->debug("... as binary");
+                return "-kb";
             }
             else
             {
-                if( is_binary($srcType,$name) )
-                {
-                    $log->debug("... as binary");
-                    return "-kb";
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    $log->debug("... as text");
-                }
+                $log->debug("... as text");
             }
         }
     }
@@ -2586,7 +3279,7 @@
             die "Unable to open file $name: $!\n";
         }
     }
-    elsif( $srcType eq "sha1" || $srcType eq "sha1Or-k" )
+    elsif( $srcType eq "sha1" )
     {
         unless ( defined ( $name ) and $name =~ /^[a-zA-Z0-9]{40}$/ )
         {
@@ -2674,6 +3367,45 @@
     return $ret;
 }
 
+# Test if the (deep) values of two references to a hash are the same.
+sub refHashEqual
+{
+    my($v1,$v2) = @_;
+
+    my $out;
+    if(!defined($v1))
+    {
+        if(!defined($v2))
+        {
+            $out=1;
+        }
+    }
+    elsif( !defined($v2) ||
+           scalar(keys(%{$v1})) != scalar(keys(%{$v2})) )
+    {
+        # $out=undef;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        $out=1;
+
+        my $key;
+        foreach $key (keys(%{$v1}))
+        {
+            if( !exists($v2->{$key}) ||
+                defined($v1->{$key}) ne defined($v2->{$key}) ||
+                ( defined($v1->{$key}) &&
+                  $v1->{$key} ne $v2->{$key} ) )
+            {
+               $out=undef;
+               last;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return $out;
+}
+
 
 package GITCVS::log;
 
@@ -2894,6 +3626,9 @@
 
     die "Git repo '$self->{git_path}' doesn't exist" unless ( -d $self->{git_path} );
 
+    # Stores full sha1's for various branch/tag names, abbreviations, etc:
+    $self->{commitRefCache} = {};
+
     $self->{dbdriver} = $cfg->{gitcvs}{$state->{method}}{dbdriver} ||
         $cfg->{gitcvs}{dbdriver} || "SQLite";
     $self->{dbname} = $cfg->{gitcvs}{$state->{method}}{dbname} ||
@@ -2929,6 +3664,16 @@
     }
 
     # Construct the revision table if required
+    # The revision table stores an entry for each file, each time that file
+    # changes.
+    #   numberOfRecords = O( numCommits * averageNumChangedFilesPerCommit )
+    # This is not sufficient to support "-r {commithash}" for any
+    # files except files that were modified by that commit (also,
+    # some places in the code ignore/effectively strip out -r in
+    # some cases, before it gets passed to getmeta()).
+    # The "filehash" field typically has a git blob hash, but can also
+    # be set to "dead" to indicate that the given version of the file
+    # should not exist in the sandbox.
     unless ( $self->{tables}{$self->tablename("revision")} )
     {
         my $tablename = $self->tablename("revision");
@@ -2956,6 +3701,15 @@
     }
 
     # Construct the head table if required
+    # The head table (along with the "last_commit" entry in the property
+    # table) is the persisted working state of the "sub update" subroutine.
+    # All of it's data is read entirely first, and completely recreated
+    # last, every time "sub update" runs.
+    # This is also used by "sub getmeta" when it is asked for the latest
+    # version of a file (as opposed to some specific version).
+    # Another way of thinking about it is as a single slice out of
+    # "revisions", giving just the most recent revision information for
+    # each file.
     unless ( $self->{tables}{$self->tablename("head")} )
     {
         my $tablename = $self->tablename("head");
@@ -2978,6 +3732,7 @@
     }
 
     # Construct the properties table if required
+    #  - "last_commit" - Used by "sub update".
     unless ( $self->{tables}{$self->tablename("properties")} )
     {
         my $tablename = $self->tablename("properties");
@@ -2990,6 +3745,11 @@
     }
 
     # Construct the commitmsgs table if required
+    # The commitmsgs table is only used for merge commits, since
+    # "sub update" will only keep one branch of parents.  Shortlogs
+    # for ignored commits (i.e. not on the chosen branch) will be used
+    # to construct a replacement "collapsed" merge commit message,
+    # which will be stored in this table.  See also "sub commitmessage".
     unless ( $self->{tables}{$self->tablename("commitmsgs")} )
     {
         my $tablename = $self->tablename("commitmsgs");
@@ -3021,6 +3781,14 @@
 
 =head2 update
 
+Bring the database up to date with the latest changes from
+the git repository.
+
+Internal working state is read out of the "head" table and the
+"last_commit" property, then it updates "revisions" based on that, and
+finally it writes the new internal state back to the "head" table
+so it can be used as a starting point the next time update is called.
+
 =cut
 sub update
 {
@@ -3043,6 +3811,8 @@
     my $lastcommit = $self->_get_prop("last_commit");
 
     if (defined $lastcommit && $lastcommit eq $commitsha1) { # up-to-date
+         # invalidate the gethead cache
+         $self->clearCommitRefCaches();
          return 1;
     }
 
@@ -3060,45 +3830,10 @@
         push @git_log_params, $self->{module};
     }
     # git-rev-list is the backend / plumbing version of git-log
-    open(GITLOG, '-|', 'git', 'rev-list', @git_log_params) or die "Cannot call git-rev-list: $!";
-
-    my @commits;
-
-    my %commit = ();
-
-    while ( <GITLOG> )
-    {
-        chomp;
-        if (m/^commit\s+(.*)$/) {
-            # on ^commit lines put the just seen commit in the stack
-            # and prime things for the next one
-            if (keys %commit) {
-                my %copy = %commit;
-                unshift @commits, \%copy;
-                %commit = ();
-            }
-            my @parents = split(m/\s+/, $1);
-            $commit{hash} = shift @parents;
-            $commit{parents} = \@parents;
-        } elsif (m/^(\w+?):\s+(.*)$/ && !exists($commit{message})) {
-            # on rfc822-like lines seen before we see any message,
-            # lowercase the entry and put it in the hash as key-value
-            $commit{lc($1)} = $2;
-        } else {
-            # message lines - skip initial empty line
-            # and trim whitespace
-            if (!exists($commit{message}) && m/^\s*$/) {
-                # define it to mark the end of headers
-                $commit{message} = '';
-                next;
-            }
-            s/^\s+//; s/\s+$//; # trim ws
-            $commit{message} .= $_ . "\n";
-        }
-    }
-    close GITLOG;
-
-    unshift @commits, \%commit if ( keys %commit );
+    open(my $gitLogPipe, '-|', 'git', 'rev-list', @git_log_params)
+                or die "Cannot call git-rev-list: $!";
+    my @commits=readCommits($gitLogPipe);
+    close $gitLogPipe;
 
     # Now all the commits are in the @commits bucket
     # ordered by time DESC. for each commit that needs processing,
@@ -3116,7 +3851,7 @@
     my $commitcount = 0;
 
     # Load the head table into $head (for cached lookups during the update process)
-    foreach my $file ( @{$self->gethead()} )
+    foreach my $file ( @{$self->gethead(1)} )
     {
         $head->{$file->{name}} = $file;
     }
@@ -3134,17 +3869,18 @@
                 next;
             } elsif (@{$commit->{parents}} > 1) {
                 # it is a merge commit, for each parent that is
-                # not $lastpicked, see if we can get a log
+                # not $lastpicked (not given a CVS revision number),
+                # see if we can get a log
                 # from the merge-base to that parent to put it
                 # in the message as a merge summary.
                 my @parents = @{$commit->{parents}};
                 foreach my $parent (@parents) {
-                    # git-merge-base can potentially (but rarely) throw
-                    # several candidate merge bases. let's assume
-                    # that the first one is the best one.
                     if ($parent eq $lastpicked) {
                         next;
                     }
+                    # git-merge-base can potentially (but rarely) throw
+                    # several candidate merge bases. let's assume
+                    # that the first one is the best one.
 		    my $base = eval {
 			    safe_pipe_capture('git', 'merge-base',
 						 $lastpicked, $parent);
@@ -3196,7 +3932,7 @@
         }
 
         # convert the date to CVS-happy format
-        $commit->{date} = "$2 $1 $4 $3 $5" if ( $commit->{date} =~ /^\w+\s+(\w+)\s+(\d+)\s+(\d+:\d+:\d+)\s+(\d+)\s+([+-]\d+)$/ );
+        my $cvsDate = convertToCvsDate($commit->{date});
 
         if ( defined ( $lastpicked ) )
         {
@@ -3205,7 +3941,7 @@
             while ( <FILELIST> )
             {
 		chomp;
-                unless ( /^:\d{6}\s+\d{3}(\d)\d{2}\s+[a-zA-Z0-9]{40}\s+([a-zA-Z0-9]{40})\s+(\w)$/o )
+                unless ( /^:\d{6}\s+([0-7]{6})\s+[a-f0-9]{40}\s+([a-f0-9]{40})\s+(\w)$/o )
                 {
                     die("Couldn't process git-diff-tree line : $_");
                 }
@@ -3215,11 +3951,7 @@
 
                 # $log->debug("File mode=$mode, hash=$hash, change=$change, name=$name");
 
-                my $git_perms = "";
-                $git_perms .= "r" if ( $mode & 4 );
-                $git_perms .= "w" if ( $mode & 2 );
-                $git_perms .= "x" if ( $mode & 1 );
-                $git_perms = "rw" if ( $git_perms eq "" );
+                my $dbMode = convertToDbMode($mode);
 
                 if ( $change eq "D" )
                 {
@@ -3229,11 +3961,11 @@
                         revision => $head->{$name}{revision} + 1,
                         filehash => "deleted",
                         commithash => $commit->{hash},
-                        modified => $commit->{date},
+                        modified => $cvsDate,
                         author => $commit->{author},
-                        mode => $git_perms,
+                        mode => $dbMode,
                     };
-                    $self->insert_rev($name, $head->{$name}{revision}, $hash, $commit->{hash}, $commit->{date}, $commit->{author}, $git_perms);
+                    $self->insert_rev($name, $head->{$name}{revision}, $hash, $commit->{hash}, $cvsDate, $commit->{author}, $dbMode);
                 }
                 elsif ( $change eq "M" || $change eq "T" )
                 {
@@ -3243,11 +3975,11 @@
                         revision => $head->{$name}{revision} + 1,
                         filehash => $hash,
                         commithash => $commit->{hash},
-                        modified => $commit->{date},
+                        modified => $cvsDate,
                         author => $commit->{author},
-                        mode => $git_perms,
+                        mode => $dbMode,
                     };
-                    $self->insert_rev($name, $head->{$name}{revision}, $hash, $commit->{hash}, $commit->{date}, $commit->{author}, $git_perms);
+                    $self->insert_rev($name, $head->{$name}{revision}, $hash, $commit->{hash}, $cvsDate, $commit->{author}, $dbMode);
                 }
                 elsif ( $change eq "A" )
                 {
@@ -3257,11 +3989,11 @@
                         revision => $head->{$name}{revision} ? $head->{$name}{revision}+1 : 1,
                         filehash => $hash,
                         commithash => $commit->{hash},
-                        modified => $commit->{date},
+                        modified => $cvsDate,
                         author => $commit->{author},
-                        mode => $git_perms,
+                        mode => $dbMode,
                     };
-                    $self->insert_rev($name, $head->{$name}{revision}, $hash, $commit->{hash}, $commit->{date}, $commit->{author}, $git_perms);
+                    $self->insert_rev($name, $head->{$name}{revision}, $hash, $commit->{hash}, $cvsDate, $commit->{author}, $dbMode);
                 }
                 else
                 {
@@ -3284,7 +4016,7 @@
                     die("Couldn't process git-ls-tree line : $_");
                 }
 
-                my ( $git_perms, $git_type, $git_hash, $git_filename ) = ( $1, $2, $3, $4 );
+                my ( $mode, $git_type, $git_hash, $git_filename ) = ( $1, $2, $3, $4 );
 
                 $seen_files->{$git_filename} = 1;
 
@@ -3294,18 +4026,10 @@
                     $head->{$git_filename}{mode}
                 );
 
-                if ( $git_perms =~ /^\d\d\d(\d)\d\d/o )
-                {
-                    $git_perms = "";
-                    $git_perms .= "r" if ( $1 & 4 );
-                    $git_perms .= "w" if ( $1 & 2 );
-                    $git_perms .= "x" if ( $1 & 1 );
-                } else {
-                    $git_perms = "rw";
-                }
+                my $dbMode = convertToDbMode($mode);
 
                 # unless the file exists with the same hash, we need to update it ...
-                unless ( defined($oldhash) and $oldhash eq $git_hash and defined($oldmode) and $oldmode eq $git_perms )
+                unless ( defined($oldhash) and $oldhash eq $git_hash and defined($oldmode) and $oldmode eq $dbMode )
                 {
                     my $newrevision = ( $oldrevision or 0 ) + 1;
 
@@ -3314,13 +4038,13 @@
                         revision => $newrevision,
                         filehash => $git_hash,
                         commithash => $commit->{hash},
-                        modified => $commit->{date},
+                        modified => $cvsDate,
                         author => $commit->{author},
-                        mode => $git_perms,
+                        mode => $dbMode,
                     };
 
 
-                    $self->insert_rev($git_filename, $newrevision, $git_hash, $commit->{hash}, $commit->{date}, $commit->{author}, $git_perms);
+                    $self->insert_rev($git_filename, $newrevision, $git_hash, $commit->{hash}, $cvsDate, $commit->{author}, $dbMode);
                 }
             }
             close FILELIST;
@@ -3333,10 +4057,10 @@
                     $head->{$file}{revision}++;
                     $head->{$file}{filehash} = "deleted";
                     $head->{$file}{commithash} = $commit->{hash};
-                    $head->{$file}{modified} = $commit->{date};
+                    $head->{$file}{modified} = $cvsDate;
                     $head->{$file}{author} = $commit->{author};
 
-                    $self->insert_rev($file, $head->{$file}{revision}, $head->{$file}{filehash}, $commit->{hash}, $commit->{date}, $commit->{author}, $head->{$file}{mode});
+                    $self->insert_rev($file, $head->{$file}{revision}, $head->{$file}{filehash}, $commit->{hash}, $cvsDate, $commit->{author}, $head->{$file}{mode});
                 }
             }
             # END : "Detect deleted files"
@@ -3367,13 +4091,94 @@
         );
     }
     # invalidate the gethead cache
-    $self->{gethead_cache} = undef;
+    $self->clearCommitRefCaches();
 
 
     # Ending exclusive lock here
     $self->{dbh}->commit() or die "Failed to commit changes to SQLite";
 }
 
+sub readCommits
+{
+    my $pipeHandle = shift;
+    my @commits;
+
+    my %commit = ();
+
+    while ( <$pipeHandle> )
+    {
+        chomp;
+        if (m/^commit\s+(.*)$/) {
+            # on ^commit lines put the just seen commit in the stack
+            # and prime things for the next one
+            if (keys %commit) {
+                my %copy = %commit;
+                unshift @commits, \%copy;
+                %commit = ();
+            }
+            my @parents = split(m/\s+/, $1);
+            $commit{hash} = shift @parents;
+            $commit{parents} = \@parents;
+        } elsif (m/^(\w+?):\s+(.*)$/ && !exists($commit{message})) {
+            # on rfc822-like lines seen before we see any message,
+            # lowercase the entry and put it in the hash as key-value
+            $commit{lc($1)} = $2;
+        } else {
+            # message lines - skip initial empty line
+            # and trim whitespace
+            if (!exists($commit{message}) && m/^\s*$/) {
+                # define it to mark the end of headers
+                $commit{message} = '';
+                next;
+            }
+            s/^\s+//; s/\s+$//; # trim ws
+            $commit{message} .= $_ . "\n";
+        }
+    }
+
+    unshift @commits, \%commit if ( keys %commit );
+
+    return @commits;
+}
+
+sub convertToCvsDate
+{
+    my $date = shift;
+    # Convert from: "git rev-list --pretty" formatted date
+    # Convert to: "the format specified by RFC822 as modified by RFC1123."
+    # Example: 26 May 1997 13:01:40 -0400
+    if( $date =~ /^\w+\s+(\w+)\s+(\d+)\s+(\d+:\d+:\d+)\s+(\d+)\s+([+-]\d+)$/ )
+    {
+        $date = "$2 $1 $4 $3 $5";
+    }
+
+    return $date;
+}
+
+sub convertToDbMode
+{
+    my $mode = shift;
+
+    # NOTE: The CVS protocol uses a string similar "u=rw,g=rw,o=rw",
+    #  but the database "mode" column historically (and currently)
+    #  only stores the "rw" (for user) part of the string.
+    #    FUTURE: It might make more sense to persist the raw
+    #  octal mode (or perhaps the final full CVS form) instead of
+    #  this half-converted form, but it isn't currently worth the
+    #  backwards compatibility headaches.
+
+    $mode=~/^\d\d(\d)\d{3}$/;
+    my $userBits=$1;
+
+    my $dbMode = "";
+    $dbMode .= "r" if ( $userBits & 4 );
+    $dbMode .= "w" if ( $userBits & 2 );
+    $dbMode .= "x" if ( $userBits & 1 );
+    $dbMode = "rw" if ( $dbMode eq "" );
+
+    return $dbMode;
+}
+
 sub insert_rev
 {
     my $self = shift;
@@ -3426,19 +4231,6 @@
     $insert_head->execute($name, $revision, $filehash, $commithash, $modified, $author, $mode);
 }
 
-sub _headrev
-{
-    my $self = shift;
-    my $filename = shift;
-    my $tablename = $self->tablename("head");
-
-    my $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached("SELECT filehash, revision, mode FROM $tablename WHERE name=?",{},1);
-    $db_query->execute($filename);
-    my ( $hash, $revision, $mode ) = $db_query->fetchrow_array;
-
-    return ( $hash, $revision, $mode );
-}
-
 sub _get_prop
 {
     my $self = shift;
@@ -3478,6 +4270,7 @@
 sub gethead
 {
     my $self = shift;
+    my $intRev = shift;
     my $tablename = $self->tablename("head");
 
     return $self->{gethead_cache} if ( defined ( $self->{gethead_cache} ) );
@@ -3488,6 +4281,10 @@
     my $tree = [];
     while ( my $file = $db_query->fetchrow_hashref )
     {
+        if(!$intRev)
+        {
+            $file->{revision} = "1.$file->{revision}"
+        }
         push @$tree, $file;
     }
 
@@ -3496,26 +4293,222 @@
     return $tree;
 }
 
+=head2 getAnyHead
+
+Returns a reference to an array of getmeta structures, one
+per file in the specified tree hash.
+
+=cut
+
+sub getAnyHead
+{
+    my ($self,$hash) = @_;
+
+    if(!defined($hash))
+    {
+        return $self->gethead();
+    }
+
+    my @files;
+    {
+        open(my $filePipe, '-|', 'git', 'ls-tree', '-z', '-r', $hash)
+                or die("Cannot call git-ls-tree : $!");
+        local $/ = "\0";
+        @files=<$filePipe>;
+        close $filePipe;
+    }
+
+    my $tree=[];
+    my($line);
+    foreach $line (@files)
+    {
+        $line=~s/\0$//;
+        unless ( $line=~/^(\d+)\s+(\w+)\s+([a-zA-Z0-9]+)\t(.*)$/o )
+        {
+            die("Couldn't process git-ls-tree line : $_");
+        }
+
+        my($mode, $git_type, $git_hash, $git_filename) = ($1, $2, $3, $4);
+        push @$tree, $self->getMetaFromCommithash($git_filename,$hash);
+    }
+
+    return $tree;
+}
+
+=head2 getRevisionDirMap
+
+A "revision dir map" contains all the plain-file filenames associated
+with a particular revision (treeish), organized by directory:
+
+  $type = $out->{$dir}{$fullName}
+
+The type of each is "F" (for ordinary file) or "D" (for directory,
+for which the map $out->{$fullName} will also exist).
+
+=cut
+
+sub getRevisionDirMap
+{
+    my ($self,$ver)=@_;
+
+    if(!defined($self->{revisionDirMapCache}))
+    {
+        $self->{revisionDirMapCache}={};
+    }
+
+        # Get file list (previously cached results are dependent on HEAD,
+        # but are early in each case):
+    my $cacheKey;
+    my (@fileList);
+    if( !defined($ver) || $ver eq "" )
+    {
+        $cacheKey="";
+        if( defined($self->{revisionDirMapCache}{$cacheKey}) )
+        {
+            return $self->{revisionDirMapCache}{$cacheKey};
+        }
+
+        my @head = @{$self->gethead()};
+        foreach my $file ( @head )
+        {
+            next if ( $file->{filehash} eq "deleted" );
+
+            push @fileList,$file->{name};
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        my ($hash)=$self->lookupCommitRef($ver);
+        if( !defined($hash) )
+        {
+            return undef;
+        }
+
+        $cacheKey=$hash;
+        if( defined($self->{revisionDirMapCache}{$cacheKey}) )
+        {
+            return $self->{revisionDirMapCache}{$cacheKey};
+        }
+
+        open(my $filePipe, '-|', 'git', 'ls-tree', '-z', '-r', $hash)
+                or die("Cannot call git-ls-tree : $!");
+        local $/ = "\0";
+        while ( <$filePipe> )
+        {
+            chomp;
+            unless ( /^(\d+)\s+(\w+)\s+([a-zA-Z0-9]+)\t(.*)$/o )
+            {
+                die("Couldn't process git-ls-tree line : $_");
+            }
+
+            my($mode, $git_type, $git_hash, $git_filename) = ($1, $2, $3, $4);
+
+            push @fileList, $git_filename;
+        }
+        close $filePipe;
+    }
+
+        # Convert to normalized form:
+    my %revMap;
+    my $file;
+    foreach $file (@fileList)
+    {
+        my($dir) = ($file=~m%^(?:(.*)/)?([^/]*)$%);
+        $dir='' if(!defined($dir));
+
+            # parent directories:
+            # ... create empty dir maps for parent dirs:
+        my($td)=$dir;
+        while(!defined($revMap{$td}))
+        {
+            $revMap{$td}={};
+
+            my($tp)=($td=~m%^(?:(.*)/)?([^/]*)$%);
+            $tp='' if(!defined($tp));
+            $td=$tp;
+        }
+            # ... add children to parent maps (now that they exist):
+        $td=$dir;
+        while($td ne "")
+        {
+            my($tp)=($td=~m%^(?:(.*)/)?([^/]*)$%);
+            $tp='' if(!defined($tp));
+
+            if(defined($revMap{$tp}{$td}))
+            {
+                if($revMap{$tp}{$td} ne 'D')
+                {
+                    die "Weird file/directory inconsistency in $cacheKey";
+                }
+                last;   # loop exit
+            }
+            $revMap{$tp}{$td}='D';
+
+            $td=$tp;
+        }
+
+            # file
+        $revMap{$dir}{$file}='F';
+    }
+
+        # Save in cache:
+    $self->{revisionDirMapCache}{$cacheKey}=\%revMap;
+    return $self->{revisionDirMapCache}{$cacheKey};
+}
+
 =head2 getlog
 
+See also gethistorydense().
+
 =cut
 
 sub getlog
 {
     my $self = shift;
     my $filename = shift;
+    my $revFilter = shift;
+
     my $tablename = $self->tablename("revision");
 
+    # Filters:
+    # TODO: date, state, or by specific logins filters?
+    # TODO: Handle comma-separated list of revFilter items, each item
+    #   can be a range [only case currently handled] or individual
+    #   rev or branch or "branch.".
+    # TODO: Adjust $db_query WHERE clause based on revFilter, instead of
+    #   manually filtering the results of the query?
+    my ( $minrev, $maxrev );
+    if( defined($revFilter) and
+        $state->{opt}{r} =~ /^(1.(\d+))?(::?)(1.(\d.+))?$/ )
+    {
+        my $control = $3;
+        $minrev = $2;
+        $maxrev = $5;
+        $minrev++ if ( defined($minrev) and $control eq "::" );
+    }
+
     my $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached("SELECT name, filehash, author, mode, revision, modified, commithash FROM $tablename WHERE name=? ORDER BY revision DESC",{},1);
     $db_query->execute($filename);
 
+    my $totalRevs=0;
     my $tree = [];
     while ( my $file = $db_query->fetchrow_hashref )
     {
+        $totalRevs++;
+        if( defined($minrev) and $file->{revision} < $minrev )
+        {
+            next;
+        }
+        if( defined($maxrev) and $file->{revision} > $maxrev )
+        {
+            next;
+        }
+
+        $file->{revision} = "1." . $file->{revision};
         push @$tree, $file;
     }
 
-    return $tree;
+    return ($tree,$totalRevs);
 }
 
 =head2 getmeta
@@ -3523,6 +4516,19 @@
 This function takes a filename (with path) argument and returns a hashref of
 metadata for that file.
 
+There are several ways $revision can be specified:
+
+   - A reference to hash that contains a "tag" that is the
+     actual revision (one of the below).  TODO: Also allow it to
+     specify a "date" in the hash.
+   - undef, to refer to the latest version on the main branch.
+   - Full CVS client revision number (mapped to integer in DB, without the
+     "1." prefix),
+   - Complex CVS-compatible "special" revision number for
+     non-linear history (see comment below)
+   - git commit sha1 hash
+   - branch or tag name
+
 =cut
 
 sub getmeta
@@ -3533,22 +4539,347 @@
     my $tablename_rev = $self->tablename("revision");
     my $tablename_head = $self->tablename("head");
 
-    my $db_query;
-    if ( defined($revision) and $revision =~ /^\d+$/ )
+    if ( ref($revision) eq "HASH" )
     {
-        $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached("SELECT * FROM $tablename_rev WHERE name=? AND revision=?",{},1);
-        $db_query->execute($filename, $revision);
-    }
-    elsif ( defined($revision) and $revision =~ /^[a-zA-Z0-9]{40}$/ )
-    {
-        $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached("SELECT * FROM $tablename_rev WHERE name=? AND commithash=?",{},1);
-        $db_query->execute($filename, $revision);
-    } else {
-        $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached("SELECT * FROM $tablename_head WHERE name=?",{},1);
-        $db_query->execute($filename);
+        $revision = $revision->{tag};
     }
 
-    return $db_query->fetchrow_hashref;
+    # Overview of CVS revision numbers:
+    #
+    # General CVS numbering scheme:
+    #   - Basic mainline branch numbers: "1.1", "1.2", "1.3", etc.
+    #   - Result of "cvs checkin -r" (possible, but not really
+    #     recommended): "2.1", "2.2", etc
+    #   - Branch tag: "1.2.0.n", where "1.2" is revision it was branched
+    #     from, "0" is a magic placeholder that identifies it as a
+    #     branch tag instead of a version tag, and n is 2 times the
+    #     branch number off of "1.2", starting with "2".
+    #   - Version on a branch: "1.2.n.x", where "1.2" is branch-from, "n"
+    #     is branch number off of "1.2" (like n above), and "x" is
+    #     the version number on the branch.
+    #   - Branches can branch off of branches: "1.3.2.7.4.1" (even number
+    #     of components).
+    #   - Odd "n"s are used by "vendor branches" that result
+    #     from "cvs import".  Vendor branches have additional
+    #     strangeness in the sense that the main rcs "head" of the main
+    #     branch will (temporarily until first normal commit) point
+    #     to the version on the vendor branch, rather than the actual
+    #     main branch.  (FUTURE: This may provide an opportunity
+    #     to use "strange" revision numbers for fast-forward-merged
+    #     branch tip when CVS client is asking for the main branch.)
+    #
+    # git-cvsserver CVS-compatible special numbering schemes:
+    #   - Currently git-cvsserver only tries to be identical to CVS for
+    #     simple "1.x" numbers on the "main" branch (as identified
+    #     by the module name that was originally cvs checkout'ed).
+    #   - The database only stores the "x" part, for historical reasons.
+    #     But most of the rest of the cvsserver preserves
+    #     and thinks using the full revision number.
+    #   - To handle non-linear history, it uses a version of the form
+    #     "2.1.1.2000.b.b.b."..., where the 2.1.1.2000 is to help uniquely
+    #     identify this as a special revision number, and there are
+    #     20 b's that together encode the sha1 git commit from which
+    #     this version of this file originated.  Each b is
+    #     the numerical value of the corresponding byte plus
+    #     100.
+    #      - "plus 100" avoids "0"s, and also reduces the
+    #        likelihood of a collision in the case that someone someday
+    #        writes an import tool that tries to preserve original
+    #        CVS revision numbers, and the original CVS data had done
+    #        lots of branches off of branches and other strangeness to
+    #        end up with a real version number that just happens to look
+    #        like this special revision number form.  Also, if needed
+    #        there are several ways to extend/identify alternative encodings
+    #        within the "2.1.1.2000" part if necessary.
+    #      - Unlike real CVS revisions, you can't really reconstruct what
+    #        relation a revision of this form has to other revisions.
+    #   - FUTURE: TODO: Rework database somehow to make up and remember
+    #     fully-CVS-compatible branches and branch version numbers.
+
+    my $meta;
+    if ( defined($revision) )
+    {
+        if ( $revision =~ /^1\.(\d+)$/ )
+        {
+            my ($intRev) = $1;
+            my $db_query;
+            $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached(
+                "SELECT * FROM $tablename_rev WHERE name=? AND revision=?",
+                {},1);
+            $db_query->execute($filename, $intRev);
+            $meta = $db_query->fetchrow_hashref;
+        }
+        elsif ( $revision =~ /^2\.1\.1\.2000(\.[1-3][0-9][0-9]){20}$/ )
+        {
+            my ($commitHash)=($revision=~/^2\.1\.1\.2000(.*)$/);
+            $commitHash=~s/\.([0-9]+)/sprintf("%02x",$1-100)/eg;
+            if($commitHash=~/^[0-9a-f]{40}$/)
+            {
+                return $self->getMetaFromCommithash($filename,$commitHash);
+            }
+
+            # error recovery: fall back on head version below
+            print "E Failed to find $filename version=$revision or commit=$commitHash\n";
+            $log->warning("failed get $revision with commithash=$commitHash");
+            undef $revision;
+        }
+        elsif ( $revision =~ /^[0-9a-f]{40}$/ )
+        {
+            # Try DB first.  This is mostly only useful for req_annotate(),
+            # which only calls this for stuff that should already be in
+            # the DB.  It is fairly likely to be a waste of time
+            # in most other cases [unless the file happened to be
+            # modified in $revision specifically], but
+            # it is probably in the noise compared to how long
+            # getMetaFromCommithash() will take.
+            my $db_query;
+            $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached(
+                "SELECT * FROM $tablename_rev WHERE name=? AND commithash=?",
+                {},1);
+            $db_query->execute($filename, $revision);
+            $meta = $db_query->fetchrow_hashref;
+
+            if(! $meta)
+            {
+                my($revCommit)=$self->lookupCommitRef($revision);
+                if($revCommit=~/^[0-9a-f]{40}$/)
+                {
+                    return $self->getMetaFromCommithash($filename,$revCommit);
+                }
+
+                # error recovery: nothing found:
+                print "E Failed to find $filename version=$revision\n";
+                $log->warning("failed get $revision");
+                return $meta;
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            my($revCommit)=$self->lookupCommitRef($revision);
+            if($revCommit=~/^[0-9a-f]{40}$/)
+            {
+                return $self->getMetaFromCommithash($filename,$revCommit);
+            }
+
+            # error recovery: fall back on head version below
+            print "E Failed to find $filename version=$revision\n";
+            $log->warning("failed get $revision");
+            undef $revision;  # Allow fallback
+        }
+    }
+
+    if(!defined($revision))
+    {
+        my $db_query;
+        $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached(
+                "SELECT * FROM $tablename_head WHERE name=?",{},1);
+        $db_query->execute($filename);
+        $meta = $db_query->fetchrow_hashref;
+    }
+
+    if($meta)
+    {
+        $meta->{revision} = "1.$meta->{revision}";
+    }
+    return $meta;
+}
+
+sub getMetaFromCommithash
+{
+    my $self = shift;
+    my $filename = shift;
+    my $revCommit = shift;
+
+    # NOTE: This function doesn't scale well (lots of forks), especially
+    #   if you have many files that have not been modified for many commits
+    #   (each git-rev-parse redoes a lot of work for each file
+    #   that theoretically could be done in parallel by smarter
+    #   graph traversal).
+    #
+    # TODO: Possible optimization strategies:
+    #   - Solve the issue of assigning and remembering "real" CVS
+    #     revision numbers for branches, and ensure the
+    #     data structure can do this efficiently.  Perhaps something
+    #     similar to "git notes", and carefully structured to take
+    #     advantage same-sha1-is-same-contents, to roll the same
+    #     unmodified subdirectory data onto multiple commits?
+    #   - Write and use a C tool that is like git-blame, but
+    #     operates on multiple files with file granularity, instead
+    #     of one file with line granularity.  Cache
+    #     most-recently-modified in $self->{commitRefCache}{$revCommit}.
+    #     Try to be intelligent about how many files we do with
+    #     one fork (perhaps one directory at a time, without recursion,
+    #     and/or include directory as one line item, recurse from here
+    #     instead of in C tool?).
+    #   - Perhaps we could ask the DB for (filename,fileHash),
+    #     and just guess that it is correct (that the file hadn't
+    #     changed between $revCommit and the found commit, then
+    #     changed back, confusing anything trying to interpret
+    #     history).  Probably need to add another index to revisions
+    #     DB table for this.
+    #   - NOTE: Trying to store all (commit,file) keys in DB [to
+    #     find "lastModfiedCommit] (instead of
+    #     just files that changed in each commit as we do now) is
+    #     probably not practical from a disk space perspective.
+
+        # Does the file exist in $revCommit?
+    # TODO: Include file hash in dirmap cache.
+    my($dirMap)=$self->getRevisionDirMap($revCommit);
+    my($dir,$file)=($filename=~m%^(?:(.*)/)?([^/]*$)%);
+    if(!defined($dir))
+    {
+        $dir="";
+    }
+    if( !defined($dirMap->{$dir}) ||
+        !defined($dirMap->{$dir}{$filename}) )
+    {
+        my($fileHash)="deleted";
+
+        my($retVal)={};
+        $retVal->{name}=$filename;
+        $retVal->{filehash}=$fileHash;
+
+            # not needed and difficult to compute:
+        $retVal->{revision}="0";  # $revision;
+        $retVal->{commithash}=$revCommit;
+        #$retVal->{author}=$commit->{author};
+        #$retVal->{modified}=convertToCvsDate($commit->{date});
+        #$retVal->{mode}=convertToDbMode($mode);
+
+        return $retVal;
+    }
+
+    my($fileHash)=safe_pipe_capture("git","rev-parse","$revCommit:$filename");
+    chomp $fileHash;
+    if(!($fileHash=~/^[0-9a-f]{40}$/))
+    {
+        die "Invalid fileHash '$fileHash' looking up"
+                    ." '$revCommit:$filename'\n";
+    }
+
+    # information about most recent commit to modify $filename:
+    open(my $gitLogPipe, '-|', 'git', 'rev-list',
+         '--max-count=1', '--pretty', '--parents',
+         $revCommit, '--', $filename)
+                or die "Cannot call git-rev-list: $!";
+    my @commits=readCommits($gitLogPipe);
+    close $gitLogPipe;
+    if(scalar(@commits)!=1)
+    {
+        die "Can't find most recent commit changing $filename\n";
+    }
+    my($commit)=$commits[0];
+    if( !defined($commit) || !defined($commit->{hash}) )
+    {
+        return undef;
+    }
+
+    # does this (commit,file) have a real assigned CVS revision number?
+    my $tablename_rev = $self->tablename("revision");
+    my $db_query;
+    $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached(
+        "SELECT * FROM $tablename_rev WHERE name=? AND commithash=?",
+        {},1);
+    $db_query->execute($filename, $commit->{hash});
+    my($meta)=$db_query->fetchrow_hashref;
+    if($meta)
+    {
+        $meta->{revision} = "1.$meta->{revision}";
+        return $meta;
+    }
+
+    # fall back on special revision number
+    my($revision)=$commit->{hash};
+    $revision=~s/(..)/'.' . (hex($1)+100)/eg;
+    $revision="2.1.1.2000$revision";
+
+    # meta data about $filename:
+    open(my $filePipe, '-|', 'git', 'ls-tree', '-z',
+                $commit->{hash}, '--', $filename)
+            or die("Cannot call git-ls-tree : $!");
+    local $/ = "\0";
+    my $line;
+    $line=<$filePipe>;
+    if(defined(<$filePipe>))
+    {
+        die "Expected only a single file for git-ls-tree $filename\n";
+    }
+    close $filePipe;
+
+    chomp $line;
+    unless ( $line=~m/^(\d+)\s+(\w+)\s+([a-zA-Z0-9]+)\t(.*)$/o )
+    {
+        die("Couldn't process git-ls-tree line : $line\n");
+    }
+    my ( $mode, $git_type, $git_hash, $git_filename ) = ( $1, $2, $3, $4 );
+
+    # save result:
+    my($retVal)={};
+    $retVal->{name}=$filename;
+    $retVal->{revision}=$revision;
+    $retVal->{filehash}=$fileHash;
+    $retVal->{commithash}=$revCommit;
+    $retVal->{author}=$commit->{author};
+    $retVal->{modified}=convertToCvsDate($commit->{date});
+    $retVal->{mode}=convertToDbMode($mode);
+
+    return $retVal;
+}
+
+=head2 lookupCommitRef
+
+Convert tag/branch/abbreviation/etc into a commit sha1 hash.  Caches
+the result so looking it up again is fast.
+
+=cut
+
+sub lookupCommitRef
+{
+    my $self = shift;
+    my $ref = shift;
+
+    my $commitHash = $self->{commitRefCache}{$ref};
+    if(defined($commitHash))
+    {
+        return $commitHash;
+    }
+
+    $commitHash=safe_pipe_capture("git","rev-parse","--verify","--quiet",
+                                  $self->unescapeRefName($ref));
+    $commitHash=~s/\s*$//;
+    if(!($commitHash=~/^[0-9a-f]{40}$/))
+    {
+        $commitHash=undef;
+    }
+
+    if( defined($commitHash) )
+    {
+        my $type=safe_pipe_capture("git","cat-file","-t",$commitHash);
+        if( ! ($type=~/^commit\s*$/ ) )
+        {
+            $commitHash=undef;
+        }
+    }
+    if(defined($commitHash))
+    {
+        $self->{commitRefCache}{$ref}=$commitHash;
+    }
+    return $commitHash;
+}
+
+=head2 clearCommitRefCaches
+
+Clears cached commit cache (sha1's for various tags/abbeviations/etc),
+and related caches.
+
+=cut
+
+sub clearCommitRefCaches
+{
+    my $self = shift;
+    $self->{commitRefCache} = {};
+    $self->{revisionDirMapCache} = undef;
+    $self->{gethead_cache} = undef;
 }
 
 =head2 commitmessage
@@ -3583,25 +4914,6 @@
     return $message;
 }
 
-=head2 gethistory
-
-This function takes a filename (with path) argument and returns an arrayofarrays
-containing revision,filehash,commithash ordered by revision descending
-
-=cut
-sub gethistory
-{
-    my $self = shift;
-    my $filename = shift;
-    my $tablename = $self->tablename("revision");
-
-    my $db_query;
-    $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached("SELECT revision, filehash, commithash FROM $tablename WHERE name=? ORDER BY revision DESC",{},1);
-    $db_query->execute($filename);
-
-    return $db_query->fetchall_arrayref;
-}
-
 =head2 gethistorydense
 
 This function takes a filename (with path) argument and returns an arrayofarrays
@@ -3611,6 +4923,8 @@
 The 'dense' part is a reference to a '--dense' option available for git-rev-list
 and other git tools that depend on it.
 
+See also getlog().
+
 =cut
 sub gethistorydense
 {
@@ -3622,7 +4936,106 @@
     $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached("SELECT revision, filehash, commithash FROM $tablename WHERE name=? AND filehash!='deleted' ORDER BY revision DESC",{},1);
     $db_query->execute($filename);
 
-    return $db_query->fetchall_arrayref;
+    my $result = $db_query->fetchall_arrayref;
+
+    my $i;
+    for($i=0 ; $i<scalar(@$result) ; $i++)
+    {
+        $result->[$i][0]="1." . $result->[$i][0];
+    }
+
+    return $result;
+}
+
+=head2 escapeRefName
+
+Apply an escape mechanism to compensate for characters that
+git ref names can have that CVS tags can not.
+
+=cut
+sub escapeRefName
+{
+    my($self,$refName)=@_;
+
+    # CVS officially only allows [-_A-Za-z0-9] in tag names (or in
+    # many contexts it can also be a CVS revision number).
+    #
+    # Git tags commonly use '/' and '.' as well, but also handle
+    # anything else just in case:
+    #
+    #   = "_-s-"  For '/'.
+    #   = "_-p-"  For '.'.
+    #   = "_-u-"  For underscore, in case someone wants a literal "_-" in
+    #     a tag name.
+    #   = "_-xx-" Where "xx" is the hexadecimal representation of the
+    #     desired ASCII character byte. (for anything else)
+
+    if(! $refName=~/^[1-9][0-9]*(\.[1-9][0-9]*)*$/)
+    {
+        $refName=~s/_-/_-u--/g;
+        $refName=~s/\./_-p-/g;
+        $refName=~s%/%_-s-%g;
+        $refName=~s/[^-_a-zA-Z0-9]/sprintf("_-%02x-",$1)/eg;
+    }
+}
+
+=head2 unescapeRefName
+
+Undo an escape mechanism to compensate for characters that
+git ref names can have that CVS tags can not.
+
+=cut
+sub unescapeRefName
+{
+    my($self,$refName)=@_;
+
+    # see escapeRefName() for description of escape mechanism.
+
+    $refName=~s/_-([spu]|[0-9a-f][0-9a-f])-/unescapeRefNameChar($1)/eg;
+
+    # allowed tag names
+    # TODO: Perhaps use git check-ref-format, with an in-process cache of
+    #  validated names?
+    if( !( $refName=~m%^[^-][-a-zA-Z0-9_/.]*$% ) ||
+        ( $refName=~m%[/.]$% ) ||
+        ( $refName=~/\.lock$/ ) ||
+        ( $refName=~m%\.\.|/\.|[[\\:?*~]|\@\{% ) )  # matching }
+    {
+        # Error:
+        $log->warn("illegal refName: $refName");
+        $refName=undef;
+    }
+    return $refName;
+}
+
+sub unescapeRefNameChar
+{
+    my($char)=@_;
+
+    if($char eq "s")
+    {
+        $char="/";
+    }
+    elsif($char eq "p")
+    {
+        $char=".";
+    }
+    elsif($char eq "u")
+    {
+        $char="_";
+    }
+    elsif($char=~/^[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]$/)
+    {
+        $char=chr(hex($char));
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        # Error case: Maybe it has come straight from user, and
+        # wasn't supposed to be escaped?  Restore it the way we got it:
+        $char="_-$char-";
+    }
+
+    return $char;
 }
 
 =head2 in_array()
diff --git a/git-difftool--helper.sh b/git-difftool--helper.sh
index 3d0fe0c..b00ed95 100755
--- a/git-difftool--helper.sh
+++ b/git-difftool--helper.sh
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
 	# the user with the real $MERGED name before launching $merge_tool.
 	if should_prompt
 	then
-		printf "\nViewing: '$MERGED'\n"
+		printf "\nViewing: '%s'\n" "$MERGED"
 		if use_ext_cmd
 		then
 			printf "Launch '%s' [Y/n]: " \
diff --git a/git-difftool.perl b/git-difftool.perl
index ae1e052..e57d3d12 100755
--- a/git-difftool.perl
+++ b/git-difftool.perl
@@ -13,21 +13,16 @@
 use 5.008;
 use strict;
 use warnings;
+use Error qw(:try);
 use File::Basename qw(dirname);
 use File::Copy;
 use File::Find;
 use File::stat;
-use File::Path qw(mkpath);
+use File::Path qw(mkpath rmtree);
 use File::Temp qw(tempdir);
 use Getopt::Long qw(:config pass_through);
 use Git;
 
-my @tools;
-my @working_tree;
-my $rc;
-my $repo = Git->repository();
-my $repo_path = $repo->repo_path();
-
 sub usage
 {
 	my $exitcode = shift;
@@ -44,6 +39,8 @@
 
 sub find_worktree
 {
+	my ($repo) = @_;
+
 	# Git->repository->wc_path() does not honor changes to the working
 	# tree location made by $ENV{GIT_WORK_TREE} or the 'core.worktree'
 	# config variable.
@@ -62,69 +59,93 @@
 	return $worktree;
 }
 
-my $workdir = find_worktree();
-
-sub filter_tool_scripts
-{
-	if (-d $_) {
-		if ($_ ne ".") {
-			# Ignore files in subdirectories
-			$File::Find::prune = 1;
-		}
-	} else {
-		if ((-f $_) && ($_ ne "defaults")) {
-			push(@tools, $_);
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 sub print_tool_help
 {
-	my ($cmd, @found, @notfound);
-	my $gitpath = Git::exec_path();
+	my $cmd = 'TOOL_MODE=diff';
+	$cmd .= ' && . "$(git --exec-path)/git-mergetool--lib"';
+	$cmd .= ' && show_tool_help';
 
-	find(\&filter_tool_scripts, "$gitpath/mergetools");
+	# See the comment at the bottom of file_diff() for the reason behind
+	# using system() followed by exit() instead of exec().
+	my $rc = system('sh', '-c', $cmd);
+	exit($rc | ($rc >> 8));
+}
 
-	foreach my $tool (@tools) {
-		$cmd  = "TOOL_MODE=diff";
-		$cmd .= ' && . "$(git --exec-path)/git-mergetool--lib"';
-		$cmd .= " && get_merge_tool_path $tool >/dev/null 2>&1";
-		$cmd .= " && can_diff >/dev/null 2>&1";
-		if (system('sh', '-c', $cmd) == 0) {
-			push(@found, $tool);
-		} else {
-			push(@notfound, $tool);
-		}
+sub exit_cleanup
+{
+	my ($tmpdir, $status) = @_;
+	my $errno = $!;
+	rmtree($tmpdir);
+	if ($status and $errno) {
+		my ($package, $file, $line) = caller();
+		warn "$file line $line: $errno\n";
+	}
+	exit($status | ($status >> 8));
+}
+
+sub use_wt_file
+{
+	my ($repo, $workdir, $file, $sha1) = @_;
+	my $null_sha1 = '0' x 40;
+
+	if (! -e "$workdir/$file") {
+		# If the file doesn't exist in the working tree, we cannot
+		# use it.
+		return (0, $null_sha1);
 	}
 
-	print "'git difftool --tool=<tool>' may be set to one of the following:\n";
-	print "\t$_\n" for (sort(@found));
+	my $wt_sha1 = $repo->command_oneline('hash-object', "$workdir/$file");
+	my $use = ($sha1 eq $null_sha1) || ($sha1 eq $wt_sha1);
+	return ($use, $wt_sha1);
+}
 
-	print "\nThe following tools are valid, but not currently available:\n";
-	print "\t$_\n" for (sort(@notfound));
+sub changed_files
+{
+	my ($repo_path, $index, $worktree) = @_;
+	$ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE} = $index;
+	$ENV{GIT_WORK_TREE} = $worktree;
+	my $must_unset_git_dir = 0;
+	if (not defined($ENV{GIT_DIR})) {
+		$must_unset_git_dir = 1;
+		$ENV{GIT_DIR} = $repo_path;
+	}
 
-	print "\nNOTE: Some of the tools listed above only work in a windowed\n";
-	print "environment. If run in a terminal-only session, they will fail.\n";
+	my @refreshargs = qw/update-index --really-refresh -q --unmerged/;
+	my @gitargs = qw/diff-files --name-only -z/;
+	try {
+		Git::command_oneline(@refreshargs);
+	} catch Git::Error::Command with {};
 
-	exit(0);
+	my $line = Git::command_oneline(@gitargs);
+	my @files;
+	if (defined $line) {
+		@files = split('\0', $line);
+	} else {
+		@files = ();
+	}
+
+	delete($ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE});
+	delete($ENV{GIT_WORK_TREE});
+	delete($ENV{GIT_DIR}) if ($must_unset_git_dir);
+
+	return map { $_ => 1 } @files;
 }
 
 sub setup_dir_diff
 {
+	my ($repo, $workdir, $symlinks) = @_;
+
 	# Run the diff; exit immediately if no diff found
 	# 'Repository' and 'WorkingCopy' must be explicitly set to insure that
 	# if $GIT_DIR and $GIT_WORK_TREE are set in ENV, they are actually used
 	# by Git->repository->command*.
-	my $diffrepo = Git->repository(Repository => $repo_path, WorkingCopy => $workdir);
-	my $diffrtn = $diffrepo->command_oneline('diff', '--raw', '--no-abbrev', '-z', @ARGV);
-	exit(0) if (length($diffrtn) == 0);
+	my $repo_path = $repo->repo_path();
+	my %repo_args = (Repository => $repo_path, WorkingCopy => $workdir);
+	my $diffrepo = Git->repository(%repo_args);
 
-	# Setup temp directories
-	my $tmpdir = tempdir('git-diffall.XXXXX', CLEANUP => 1, TMPDIR => 1);
-	my $ldir = "$tmpdir/left";
-	my $rdir = "$tmpdir/right";
-	mkpath($ldir) or die $!;
-	mkpath($rdir) or die $!;
+	my @gitargs = ('diff', '--raw', '--no-abbrev', '-z', @ARGV);
+	my $diffrtn = $diffrepo->command_oneline(@gitargs);
+	exit(0) unless defined($diffrtn);
 
 	# Build index info for left and right sides of the diff
 	my $submodule_mode = '160000';
@@ -133,18 +154,24 @@
 	my $null_sha1 = '0' x 40;
 	my $lindex = '';
 	my $rindex = '';
+	my $wtindex = '';
 	my %submodule;
 	my %symlink;
+	my @working_tree = ();
 	my @rawdiff = split('\0', $diffrtn);
 
 	my $i = 0;
 	while ($i < $#rawdiff) {
 		if ($rawdiff[$i] =~ /^::/) {
-			print "Combined diff formats ('-c' and '--cc') are not supported in directory diff mode.\n";
+			warn << 'EOF';
+Combined diff formats ('-c' and '--cc') are not supported in
+directory diff mode ('-d' and '--dir-diff').
+EOF
 			exit(1);
 		}
 
-		my ($lmode, $rmode, $lsha1, $rsha1, $status) = split(' ', substr($rawdiff[$i], 1));
+		my ($lmode, $rmode, $lsha1, $rsha1, $status) =
+			split(' ', substr($rawdiff[$i], 1));
 		my $src_path = $rawdiff[$i + 1];
 		my $dst_path;
 
@@ -156,7 +183,7 @@
 			$i += 2;
 		}
 
-		if (($lmode eq $submodule_mode) or ($rmode eq $submodule_mode)) {
+		if ($lmode eq $submodule_mode or $rmode eq $submodule_mode) {
 			$submodule{$src_path}{left} = $lsha1;
 			if ($lsha1 ne $rsha1) {
 				$submodule{$dst_path}{right} = $rsha1;
@@ -167,26 +194,38 @@
 		}
 
 		if ($lmode eq $symlink_mode) {
-			$symlink{$src_path}{left} = $diffrepo->command_oneline('show', "$lsha1");
+			$symlink{$src_path}{left} =
+				$diffrepo->command_oneline('show', "$lsha1");
 		}
 
 		if ($rmode eq $symlink_mode) {
-			$symlink{$dst_path}{right} = $diffrepo->command_oneline('show', "$rsha1");
+			$symlink{$dst_path}{right} =
+				$diffrepo->command_oneline('show', "$rsha1");
 		}
 
-		if (($lmode ne $null_mode) and ($status !~ /^C/)) {
+		if ($lmode ne $null_mode and $status !~ /^C/) {
 			$lindex .= "$lmode $lsha1\t$src_path\0";
 		}
 
 		if ($rmode ne $null_mode) {
-			if ($rsha1 ne $null_sha1) {
-				$rindex .= "$rmode $rsha1\t$dst_path\0";
+			my ($use, $wt_sha1) = use_wt_file($repo, $workdir,
+							  $dst_path, $rsha1);
+			if ($use) {
+				push @working_tree, $dst_path;
+				$wtindex .= "$rmode $wt_sha1\t$dst_path\0";
 			} else {
-				push(@working_tree, $dst_path);
+				$rindex .= "$rmode $rsha1\t$dst_path\0";
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
+	# Setup temp directories
+	my $tmpdir = tempdir('git-difftool.XXXXX', CLEANUP => 0, TMPDIR => 1);
+	my $ldir = "$tmpdir/left";
+	my $rdir = "$tmpdir/right";
+	mkpath($ldir) or exit_cleanup($tmpdir, 1);
+	mkpath($rdir) or exit_cleanup($tmpdir, 1);
+
 	# If $GIT_DIR is not set prior to calling 'git update-index' and
 	# 'git checkout-index', then those commands will fail if difftool
 	# is called from a directory other than the repo root.
@@ -199,18 +238,28 @@
 	# Populate the left and right directories based on each index file
 	my ($inpipe, $ctx);
 	$ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE} = "$tmpdir/lindex";
-	($inpipe, $ctx) = $repo->command_input_pipe(qw/update-index -z --index-info/);
+	($inpipe, $ctx) =
+		$repo->command_input_pipe(qw(update-index -z --index-info));
 	print($inpipe $lindex);
 	$repo->command_close_pipe($inpipe, $ctx);
-	$rc = system('git', 'checkout-index', '--all', "--prefix=$ldir/");
-	exit($rc | ($rc >> 8)) if ($rc != 0);
+
+	my $rc = system('git', 'checkout-index', '--all', "--prefix=$ldir/");
+	exit_cleanup($tmpdir, $rc) if $rc != 0;
 
 	$ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE} = "$tmpdir/rindex";
-	($inpipe, $ctx) = $repo->command_input_pipe(qw/update-index -z --index-info/);
+	($inpipe, $ctx) =
+		$repo->command_input_pipe(qw(update-index -z --index-info));
 	print($inpipe $rindex);
 	$repo->command_close_pipe($inpipe, $ctx);
+
 	$rc = system('git', 'checkout-index', '--all', "--prefix=$rdir/");
-	exit($rc | ($rc >> 8)) if ($rc != 0);
+	exit_cleanup($tmpdir, $rc) if $rc != 0;
+
+	$ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE} = "$tmpdir/wtindex";
+	($inpipe, $ctx) =
+		$repo->command_input_pipe(qw(update-index --info-only -z --index-info));
+	print($inpipe $wtindex);
+	$repo->command_close_pipe($inpipe, $ctx);
 
 	# If $GIT_DIR was explicitly set just for the update/checkout
 	# commands, then it should be unset before continuing.
@@ -218,41 +267,61 @@
 	delete($ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE});
 
 	# Changes in the working tree need special treatment since they are
-	# not part of the index
+	# not part of the index. Remove any trailing slash from $workdir
+	# before starting to avoid double slashes in symlink targets.
+	$workdir =~ s|/$||;
 	for my $file (@working_tree) {
 		my $dir = dirname($file);
 		unless (-d "$rdir/$dir") {
-			mkpath("$rdir/$dir") or die $!;
+			mkpath("$rdir/$dir") or
+			exit_cleanup($tmpdir, 1);
 		}
-		copy("$workdir/$file", "$rdir/$file") or die $!;
-		chmod(stat("$workdir/$file")->mode, "$rdir/$file") or die $!;
+		if ($symlinks) {
+			symlink("$workdir/$file", "$rdir/$file") or
+			exit_cleanup($tmpdir, 1);
+		} else {
+			copy("$workdir/$file", "$rdir/$file") or
+			exit_cleanup($tmpdir, 1);
+
+			my $mode = stat("$workdir/$file")->mode;
+			chmod($mode, "$rdir/$file") or
+			exit_cleanup($tmpdir, 1);
+		}
 	}
 
 	# Changes to submodules require special treatment. This loop writes a
 	# temporary file to both the left and right directories to show the
 	# change in the recorded SHA1 for the submodule.
 	for my $path (keys %submodule) {
+		my $ok;
 		if (defined($submodule{$path}{left})) {
-			write_to_file("$ldir/$path", "Subproject commit $submodule{$path}{left}");
+			$ok = write_to_file("$ldir/$path",
+				"Subproject commit $submodule{$path}{left}");
 		}
 		if (defined($submodule{$path}{right})) {
-			write_to_file("$rdir/$path", "Subproject commit $submodule{$path}{right}");
+			$ok = write_to_file("$rdir/$path",
+				"Subproject commit $submodule{$path}{right}");
 		}
+		exit_cleanup($tmpdir, 1) if not $ok;
 	}
 
 	# Symbolic links require special treatment. The standard "git diff"
 	# shows only the link itself, not the contents of the link target.
 	# This loop replicates that behavior.
 	for my $path (keys %symlink) {
+		my $ok;
 		if (defined($symlink{$path}{left})) {
-			write_to_file("$ldir/$path", $symlink{$path}{left});
+			$ok = write_to_file("$ldir/$path",
+					$symlink{$path}{left});
 		}
 		if (defined($symlink{$path}{right})) {
-			write_to_file("$rdir/$path", $symlink{$path}{right});
+			$ok = write_to_file("$rdir/$path",
+					$symlink{$path}{right});
 		}
+		exit_cleanup($tmpdir, 1) if not $ok;
 	}
 
-	return ($ldir, $rdir);
+	return ($ldir, $rdir, $tmpdir, @working_tree);
 }
 
 sub write_to_file
@@ -263,83 +332,156 @@
 	# Make sure the path to the file exists
 	my $dir = dirname($path);
 	unless (-d "$dir") {
-		mkpath("$dir") or die $!;
+		mkpath("$dir") or return 0;
 	}
 
 	# If the file already exists in that location, delete it.  This
 	# is required in the case of symbolic links.
-	unlink("$path");
+	unlink($path);
 
-	open(my $fh, '>', "$path") or die $!;
+	open(my $fh, '>', $path) or return 0;
 	print($fh $value);
 	close($fh);
+
+	return 1;
 }
 
-# parse command-line options. all unrecognized options and arguments
-# are passed through to the 'git diff' command.
-my ($difftool_cmd, $dirdiff, $extcmd, $gui, $help, $prompt, $tool_help);
-GetOptions('g|gui!' => \$gui,
-	'd|dir-diff' => \$dirdiff,
-	'h' => \$help,
-	'prompt!' => \$prompt,
-	'y' => sub { $prompt = 0; },
-	't|tool:s' => \$difftool_cmd,
-	'tool-help' => \$tool_help,
-	'x|extcmd:s' => \$extcmd);
+sub main
+{
+	# parse command-line options. all unrecognized options and arguments
+	# are passed through to the 'git diff' command.
+	my %opts = (
+		difftool_cmd => undef,
+		dirdiff => undef,
+		extcmd => undef,
+		gui => undef,
+		help => undef,
+		prompt => undef,
+		symlinks => $^O ne 'cygwin' &&
+				$^O ne 'MSWin32' && $^O ne 'msys',
+		tool_help => undef,
+	);
+	GetOptions('g|gui!' => \$opts{gui},
+		'd|dir-diff' => \$opts{dirdiff},
+		'h' => \$opts{help},
+		'prompt!' => \$opts{prompt},
+		'y' => sub { $opts{prompt} = 0; },
+		'symlinks' => \$opts{symlinks},
+		'no-symlinks' => sub { $opts{symlinks} = 0; },
+		't|tool:s' => \$opts{difftool_cmd},
+		'tool-help' => \$opts{tool_help},
+		'x|extcmd:s' => \$opts{extcmd});
 
-if (defined($help)) {
-	usage(0);
-}
-if (defined($tool_help)) {
-	print_tool_help();
-}
-if (defined($difftool_cmd)) {
-	if (length($difftool_cmd) > 0) {
-		$ENV{GIT_DIFF_TOOL} = $difftool_cmd;
+	if (defined($opts{help})) {
+		usage(0);
+	}
+	if (defined($opts{tool_help})) {
+		print_tool_help();
+	}
+	if (defined($opts{difftool_cmd})) {
+		if (length($opts{difftool_cmd}) > 0) {
+			$ENV{GIT_DIFF_TOOL} = $opts{difftool_cmd};
+		} else {
+			print "No <tool> given for --tool=<tool>\n";
+			usage(1);
+		}
+	}
+	if (defined($opts{extcmd})) {
+		if (length($opts{extcmd}) > 0) {
+			$ENV{GIT_DIFFTOOL_EXTCMD} = $opts{extcmd};
+		} else {
+			print "No <cmd> given for --extcmd=<cmd>\n";
+			usage(1);
+		}
+	}
+	if ($opts{gui}) {
+		my $guitool = Git::config('diff.guitool');
+		if (defined($guitool) && length($guitool) > 0) {
+			$ENV{GIT_DIFF_TOOL} = $guitool;
+		}
+	}
+
+	# In directory diff mode, 'git-difftool--helper' is called once
+	# to compare the a/b directories.  In file diff mode, 'git diff'
+	# will invoke a separate instance of 'git-difftool--helper' for
+	# each file that changed.
+	if (defined($opts{dirdiff})) {
+		dir_diff($opts{extcmd}, $opts{symlinks});
 	} else {
-		print "No <tool> given for --tool=<tool>\n";
-		usage(1);
-	}
-}
-if (defined($extcmd)) {
-	if (length($extcmd) > 0) {
-		$ENV{GIT_DIFFTOOL_EXTCMD} = $extcmd;
-	} else {
-		print "No <cmd> given for --extcmd=<cmd>\n";
-		usage(1);
-	}
-}
-if ($gui) {
-	my $guitool = '';
-	$guitool = Git::config('diff.guitool');
-	if (length($guitool) > 0) {
-		$ENV{GIT_DIFF_TOOL} = $guitool;
+		file_diff($opts{prompt});
 	}
 }
 
-# In directory diff mode, 'git-difftool--helper' is called once
-# to compare the a/b directories.  In file diff mode, 'git diff'
-# will invoke a separate instance of 'git-difftool--helper' for
-# each file that changed.
-if (defined($dirdiff)) {
-	my ($a, $b) = setup_dir_diff();
+sub dir_diff
+{
+	my ($extcmd, $symlinks) = @_;
+	my $rc;
+	my $error = 0;
+	my $repo = Git->repository();
+	my $workdir = find_worktree($repo);
+	my ($a, $b, $tmpdir, @worktree) =
+		setup_dir_diff($repo, $workdir, $symlinks);
+
 	if (defined($extcmd)) {
 		$rc = system($extcmd, $a, $b);
 	} else {
 		$ENV{GIT_DIFFTOOL_DIRDIFF} = 'true';
 		$rc = system('git', 'difftool--helper', $a, $b);
 	}
-
-	exit($rc | ($rc >> 8)) if ($rc != 0);
-
 	# If the diff including working copy files and those
 	# files were modified during the diff, then the changes
-	# should be copied back to the working tree
-	for my $file (@working_tree) {
-		copy("$b/$file", "$workdir/$file") or die $!;
-		chmod(stat("$b/$file")->mode, "$workdir/$file") or die $!;
+	# should be copied back to the working tree.
+	# Do not copy back files when symlinks are used and the
+	# external tool did not replace the original link with a file.
+	#
+	# These hashes are loaded lazily since they aren't needed
+	# in the common case of --symlinks and the difftool updating
+	# files through the symlink.
+	my %wt_modified;
+	my %tmp_modified;
+	my $indices_loaded = 0;
+
+	for my $file (@worktree) {
+		next if $symlinks && -l "$b/$file";
+		next if ! -f "$b/$file";
+
+		if (!$indices_loaded) {
+			%wt_modified = changed_files($repo->repo_path(),
+				"$tmpdir/wtindex", "$workdir");
+			%tmp_modified = changed_files($repo->repo_path(),
+				"$tmpdir/wtindex", "$b");
+			$indices_loaded = 1;
+		}
+
+		if (exists $wt_modified{$file} and exists $tmp_modified{$file}) {
+			my $errmsg = "warning: Both files modified: ";
+			$errmsg .= "'$workdir/$file' and '$b/$file'.\n";
+			$errmsg .= "warning: Working tree file has been left.\n";
+			$errmsg .= "warning:\n";
+			warn $errmsg;
+			$error = 1;
+		} elsif (exists $tmp_modified{$file}) {
+			my $mode = stat("$b/$file")->mode;
+			copy("$b/$file", "$workdir/$file") or
+			exit_cleanup($tmpdir, 1);
+
+			chmod($mode, "$workdir/$file") or
+			exit_cleanup($tmpdir, 1);
+		}
 	}
-} else {
+	if ($error) {
+		warn "warning: Temporary files exist in '$tmpdir'.\n";
+		warn "warning: You may want to cleanup or recover these.\n";
+		exit(1);
+	} else {
+		exit_cleanup($tmpdir, $rc);
+	}
+}
+
+sub file_diff
+{
+	my ($prompt) = @_;
+
 	if (defined($prompt)) {
 		if ($prompt) {
 			$ENV{GIT_DIFFTOOL_PROMPT} = 'true';
@@ -359,3 +501,5 @@
 	my $rc = system('git', 'diff', @ARGV);
 	exit($rc | ($rc >> 8));
 }
+
+main();
diff --git a/git-filter-branch.sh b/git-filter-branch.sh
index add2c02..ac2a005 100755
--- a/git-filter-branch.sh
+++ b/git-filter-branch.sh
@@ -64,37 +64,19 @@
 
 eval "$functions"
 
-# When piped a commit, output a script to set the ident of either
-# "author" or "committer
+finish_ident() {
+	# Ensure non-empty id name.
+	echo "case \"\$GIT_$1_NAME\" in \"\") GIT_$1_NAME=\"\${GIT_$1_EMAIL%%@*}\" && export GIT_$1_NAME;; esac"
+	# And make sure everything is exported.
+	echo "export GIT_$1_NAME"
+	echo "export GIT_$1_EMAIL"
+	echo "export GIT_$1_DATE"
+}
 
 set_ident () {
-	lid="$(echo "$1" | tr "[A-Z]" "[a-z]")"
-	uid="$(echo "$1" | tr "[a-z]" "[A-Z]")"
-	pick_id_script='
-		/^'$lid' /{
-			s/'\''/'\''\\'\'\''/g
-			h
-			s/^'$lid' \([^<]*\) <[^>]*> .*$/\1/
-			s/'\''/'\''\'\'\''/g
-			s/.*/GIT_'$uid'_NAME='\''&'\''; export GIT_'$uid'_NAME/p
-
-			g
-			s/^'$lid' [^<]* <\([^>]*\)> .*$/\1/
-			s/'\''/'\''\'\'\''/g
-			s/.*/GIT_'$uid'_EMAIL='\''&'\''; export GIT_'$uid'_EMAIL/p
-
-			g
-			s/^'$lid' [^<]* <[^>]*> \(.*\)$/\1/
-			s/'\''/'\''\'\'\''/g
-			s/.*/GIT_'$uid'_DATE='\''&'\''; export GIT_'$uid'_DATE/p
-
-			q
-		}
-	'
-
-	LANG=C LC_ALL=C sed -ne "$pick_id_script"
-	# Ensure non-empty id name.
-	echo "case \"\$GIT_${uid}_NAME\" in \"\") GIT_${uid}_NAME=\"\${GIT_${uid}_EMAIL%%@*}\" && export GIT_${uid}_NAME;; esac"
+	parse_ident_from_commit author AUTHOR committer COMMITTER
+	finish_ident AUTHOR
+	finish_ident COMMITTER
 }
 
 USAGE="[--env-filter <command>] [--tree-filter <command>]
@@ -217,6 +199,7 @@
 	test -d "$tempdir" &&
 		die "$tempdir already exists, please remove it"
 esac
+orig_dir=$(pwd)
 mkdir -p "$tempdir/t" &&
 tempdir="$(cd "$tempdir"; pwd)" &&
 cd "$tempdir/t" &&
@@ -224,7 +207,7 @@
 die ""
 
 # Remove tempdir on exit
-trap 'cd ../..; rm -rf "$tempdir"' 0
+trap 'cd "$orig_dir"; rm -rf "$tempdir"' 0
 
 ORIG_GIT_DIR="$GIT_DIR"
 ORIG_GIT_WORK_TREE="$GIT_WORK_TREE"
@@ -320,10 +303,8 @@
 	git cat-file commit "$commit" >../commit ||
 		die "Cannot read commit $commit"
 
-	eval "$(set_ident AUTHOR <../commit)" ||
-		die "setting author failed for commit $commit"
-	eval "$(set_ident COMMITTER <../commit)" ||
-		die "setting committer failed for commit $commit"
+	eval "$(set_ident <../commit)" ||
+		die "setting author/committer failed for commit $commit"
 	eval "$filter_env" < /dev/null ||
 		die "env filter failed: $filter_env"
 
@@ -489,7 +470,7 @@
 	done
 fi
 
-cd ../..
+cd "$orig_dir"
 rm -rf "$tempdir"
 
 trap - 0
diff --git a/git-gui/GIT-VERSION-GEN b/git-gui/GIT-VERSION-GEN
index 6570943..49b62ea 100755
--- a/git-gui/GIT-VERSION-GEN
+++ b/git-gui/GIT-VERSION-GEN
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
 GVF=GIT-VERSION-FILE
-DEF_VER=0.16.GITGUI
+DEF_VER=0.17.GITGUI
 
 LF='
 '
diff --git a/git-gui/git-gui.sh b/git-gui/git-gui.sh
index ba4e5c1..89f636f 100755
--- a/git-gui/git-gui.sh
+++ b/git-gui/git-gui.sh
@@ -154,6 +154,7 @@
 if {$_trace >= 0} {
 	set argv [lreplace $argv $_trace $_trace]
 	set _trace 1
+	if {[tk windowingsystem] eq "win32"} { console show }
 } else {
 	set _trace 0
 }
@@ -1463,7 +1464,7 @@
 		(![$ui_comm edit modified]
 		|| [string trim [$ui_comm get 0.0 end]] eq {})} {
 		if {[string match amend* $commit_type]} {
-		} elseif {[load_message GITGUI_MSG]} {
+		} elseif {[load_message GITGUI_MSG utf-8]} {
 		} elseif {[run_prepare_commit_msg_hook]} {
 		} elseif {[load_message MERGE_MSG]} {
 		} elseif {[load_message SQUASH_MSG]} {
@@ -1549,7 +1550,7 @@
 	fileevent $fd_lo readable [list read_ls_others $fd_lo $after]
 }
 
-proc load_message {file} {
+proc load_message {file {encoding {}}} {
 	global ui_comm
 
 	set f [gitdir $file]
@@ -1558,6 +1559,9 @@
 			return 0
 		}
 		fconfigure $fd -eofchar {}
+		if {$encoding ne {}} {
+			fconfigure $fd -encoding $encoding
+		}
 		set content [string trim [read $fd]]
 		close $fd
 		regsub -all -line {[ \r\t]+$} $content {} content
@@ -2266,6 +2270,7 @@
 				&& $msg ne {}} {
 				catch {
 					set fd [open $save w]
+					fconfigure $fd -encoding utf-8
 					puts -nonewline $fd $msg
 					close $fd
 				}
@@ -2998,10 +3003,19 @@
 	set jump_spec {}
 	set is_path 0
 	foreach a $argv {
-		if {$is_path || [file exists $_prefix$a]} {
+		if {[file exists $a]} {
+			if {$path ne {}} usage
+			set path [normalize_relpath $a]
+			break
+		} elseif {[file exists $_prefix$a]} {
 			if {$path ne {}} usage
 			set path [normalize_relpath $_prefix$a]
 			break
+		}
+
+		if {$is_path} {
+			if {$path ne {}} usage
+			break
 		} elseif {$a eq {--}} {
 			if {$path ne {}} {
 				if {$head ne {}} usage
@@ -3023,8 +3037,13 @@
 	unset is_path
 
 	if {$head ne {} && $path eq {}} {
-		set path [normalize_relpath $_prefix$head]
-		set head {}
+		if {[string index $head 0] eq {/}} {
+			set path [normalize_relpath $head]
+			set head {}
+		} else {
+			set path [normalize_relpath $_prefix$head]
+			set head {}
+		}
 	}
 
 	if {$head eq {}} {
@@ -3710,6 +3729,8 @@
 bind $ui_diff <$M1B-Key-V> {break}
 bind $ui_diff <$M1B-Key-a> {%W tag add sel 0.0 end;break}
 bind $ui_diff <$M1B-Key-A> {%W tag add sel 0.0 end;break}
+bind $ui_diff <$M1B-Key-j> {do_revert_selection;break}
+bind $ui_diff <$M1B-Key-J> {do_revert_selection;break}
 bind $ui_diff <Key-Up>     {catch {%W yview scroll -1 units};break}
 bind $ui_diff <Key-Down>   {catch {%W yview scroll  1 units};break}
 bind $ui_diff <Key-Left>   {catch {%W xview scroll -1 units};break}
@@ -3742,6 +3763,8 @@
 bind .   <$M1B-Key-S> do_signoff
 bind .   <$M1B-Key-t> do_add_selection
 bind .   <$M1B-Key-T> do_add_selection
+bind .   <$M1B-Key-u> do_unstage_selection
+bind .   <$M1B-Key-U> do_unstage_selection
 bind .   <$M1B-Key-j> do_revert_selection
 bind .   <$M1B-Key-J> do_revert_selection
 bind .   <$M1B-Key-i> do_add_all
@@ -3835,7 +3858,7 @@
 }
 
 if {[winfo exists $ui_comm]} {
-	set GITGUI_BCK_exists [load_message GITGUI_BCK]
+	set GITGUI_BCK_exists [load_message GITGUI_BCK utf-8]
 
 	# -- If both our backup and message files exist use the
 	#    newer of the two files to initialize the buffer.
@@ -3872,6 +3895,7 @@
 			} elseif {$m} {
 				catch {
 					set fd [open [gitdir GITGUI_BCK] w]
+					fconfigure $fd -encoding utf-8
 					puts -nonewline $fd $msg
 					close $fd
 					set GITGUI_BCK_exists 1
diff --git a/git-gui/lib/commit.tcl b/git-gui/lib/commit.tcl
index 0d81432..864b687 100644
--- a/git-gui/lib/commit.tcl
+++ b/git-gui/lib/commit.tcl
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@
 	    && 	[is_config_true gui.warndetachedcommit]} {
 		set msg [mc "You are about to commit on a detached head.\
 This is a potentially dangerous thing to do because if you switch\
-to another branch you will loose your changes and it can be difficult\
+to another branch you will lose your changes and it can be difficult\
 to retrieve them later from the reflog. You should probably cancel this\
 commit and create a new branch to continue.\n\
 \n\
@@ -409,6 +409,7 @@
 	catch {file delete [gitdir MERGE_MSG]}
 	catch {file delete [gitdir SQUASH_MSG]}
 	catch {file delete [gitdir GITGUI_MSG]}
+	catch {file delete [gitdir CHERRY_PICK_HEAD]}
 
 	# -- Let rerere do its thing.
 	#
diff --git a/git-gui/lib/status_bar.tcl b/git-gui/lib/status_bar.tcl
index 95cb449..02111a1 100644
--- a/git-gui/lib/status_bar.tcl
+++ b/git-gui/lib/status_bar.tcl
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@
 
 method update {have total} {
 	set pdone 0
+	set cdone 0
 	if {$total > 0} {
 		set pdone [expr {100 * $have / $total}]
 		set cdone [expr {[winfo width $w_c] * $have / $total}]
diff --git a/git-gui/macosx/AppMain.tcl b/git-gui/macosx/AppMain.tcl
index ddbe633..738bdd0 100644
--- a/git-gui/macosx/AppMain.tcl
+++ b/git-gui/macosx/AppMain.tcl
@@ -12,7 +12,9 @@
 } else {
 	set argv0 [file join $gitexecdir [file tail [lindex $argv 0]]]
 	set AppMain_source [file join $gitguilib git-gui.tcl]
-	if {[pwd] eq {/}} {
+	if {[info exists env(PWD)]} {
+		cd $env(PWD)
+	} elseif {[pwd] eq {/}} {
 		cd $env(HOME)
 	}
 }
diff --git a/git-gui/po/de.po b/git-gui/po/de.po
index 44c5ddc..baebff2 100644
--- a/git-gui/po/de.po
+++ b/git-gui/po/de.po
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@
 
 #: git-gui.sh:1154
 msgid "Cannot use bare repository:"
-msgstr "Leeres Projektarchiv kann nicht benutzt werden:"
+msgstr "Bloßes Projektarchiv kann nicht benutzt werden:"
 
 #: git-gui.sh:1162
 msgid "No working directory"
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@
 
 #: git-gui.sh:1454
 msgid "Calling prepare-commit-msg hook..."
-msgstr "Aufrufen der Eintragen-Vorbereiten-Kontrolle..."
+msgstr "Aufrufen der Eintragen-Vorbereiten-Kontrolle (»prepare-commit hook«)..."
 
 #: git-gui.sh:1471
 msgid "Commit declined by prepare-commit-msg hook."
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@
 
 #: git-gui.sh:2465 lib/choose_rev.tcl:557
 msgid "Remote"
-msgstr "Andere Archive"
+msgstr "Externe Archive"
 
 #: git-gui.sh:2468
 msgid "Tools"
@@ -478,7 +478,7 @@
 
 #: git-gui.sh:3328
 msgid "Use Remote Version"
-msgstr "Entfernte Version benutzen"
+msgstr "Externe Version benutzen"
 
 #: git-gui.sh:3332
 msgid "Use Local Version"
@@ -771,7 +771,7 @@
 #: lib/branch_create.tcl:140
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Tracking branch %s is not a branch in the remote repository."
-msgstr "Übernahmezweig »%s« ist kein Zweig im anderen Projektarchiv."
+msgstr "Übernahmezweig »%s« ist kein Zweig im externen Projektarchiv."
 
 #: lib/branch_create.tcl:153 lib/branch_rename.tcl:86
 msgid "Please supply a branch name."
@@ -1446,7 +1446,7 @@
 
 #: lib/commit.tcl:234
 msgid "Calling pre-commit hook..."
-msgstr "Aufrufen der Vor-Eintragen-Kontrolle..."
+msgstr "Aufrufen der Vor-Eintragen-Kontrolle (»pre-commit hook«)..."
 
 #: lib/commit.tcl:249
 msgid "Commit declined by pre-commit hook."
@@ -1454,7 +1454,7 @@
 
 #: lib/commit.tcl:272
 msgid "Calling commit-msg hook..."
-msgstr "Aufrufen der Versionsbeschreibungs-Kontrolle..."
+msgstr "Aufrufen der Versionsbeschreibungs-Kontrolle (»commit-message hook«)..."
 
 #: lib/commit.tcl:287
 msgid "Commit declined by commit-msg hook."
@@ -2134,11 +2134,11 @@
 
 #: lib/remote_add.tcl:19
 msgid "Add Remote"
-msgstr "Anderes Archiv hinzufügen"
+msgstr "Externes Archiv hinzufügen"
 
 #: lib/remote_add.tcl:24
 msgid "Add New Remote"
-msgstr "Neues anderes Archiv hinzufügen"
+msgstr "Neues externes Archiv hinzufügen"
 
 #: lib/remote_add.tcl:28 lib/tools_dlg.tcl:36
 msgid "Add"
@@ -2146,7 +2146,7 @@
 
 #: lib/remote_add.tcl:37
 msgid "Remote Details"
-msgstr "Einzelheiten des anderen Archivs"
+msgstr "Einzelheiten des externen Archivs"
 
 #: lib/remote_add.tcl:50
 msgid "Location:"
@@ -2162,7 +2162,7 @@
 
 #: lib/remote_add.tcl:71
 msgid "Initialize Remote Repository and Push"
-msgstr "Anderes Archiv initialisieren und dahin versenden"
+msgstr "Externes Archiv initialisieren und dahin versenden"
 
 #: lib/remote_add.tcl:77
 msgid "Do Nothing Else Now"
@@ -2170,17 +2170,17 @@
 
 #: lib/remote_add.tcl:101
 msgid "Please supply a remote name."
-msgstr "Bitte geben Sie einen Namen des anderen Archivs an."
+msgstr "Bitte geben Sie einen Namen des externen Archivs an."
 
 #: lib/remote_add.tcl:114
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "'%s' is not an acceptable remote name."
-msgstr "»%s« ist kein zulässiger Name eines anderen Archivs."
+msgstr "»%s« ist kein zulässiger Name eines externen Archivs."
 
 #: lib/remote_add.tcl:125
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Failed to add remote '%s' of location '%s'."
-msgstr "Fehler beim Hinzufügen des anderen Archivs »%s« aus Herkunftsort »%s«."
+msgstr "Fehler beim Hinzufügen des externen Archivs »%s« aus Herkunftsort »%s«."
 
 #: lib/remote_add.tcl:133 lib/transport.tcl:6
 #, tcl-format
@@ -2195,7 +2195,7 @@
 #: lib/remote_add.tcl:157
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Do not know how to initialize repository at location '%s'."
-msgstr "Initialisieren eines anderen Archivs an Adresse »%s« ist nicht möglich."
+msgstr "Initialisieren eines externen Archivs an Adresse »%s« ist nicht möglich."
 
 #: lib/remote_add.tcl:163 lib/transport.tcl:25 lib/transport.tcl:63
 #: lib/transport.tcl:81
@@ -2210,7 +2210,7 @@
 
 #: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:29 lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:34
 msgid "Delete Branch Remotely"
-msgstr "Zweig in anderem Archiv löschen"
+msgstr "Zweig in externem Archiv löschen"
 
 #: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:47
 msgid "From Repository"
@@ -2218,7 +2218,7 @@
 
 #: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:50 lib/transport.tcl:134
 msgid "Remote:"
-msgstr "Anderes Archiv:"
+msgstr "Externes Archiv:"
 
 #: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:66 lib/transport.tcl:149
 msgid "Arbitrary Location:"
@@ -2281,7 +2281,7 @@
 
 #: lib/remote.tcl:163
 msgid "Remove Remote"
-msgstr "Anderes Archiv entfernen"
+msgstr "Externes Archiv entfernen"
 
 #: lib/remote.tcl:168
 msgid "Prune from"
@@ -2397,7 +2397,7 @@
 msgstr "Schlüsselerzeugung fehlgeschlagen."
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:118
-msgid "Generation succeded, but no keys found."
+msgid "Generation succeeded, but no keys found."
 msgstr "Schlüsselerzeugung erfolgreich, aber keine Schlüssel gefunden."
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:121
diff --git a/git-gui/po/fr.po b/git-gui/po/fr.po
index 8170696..40441db 100644
--- a/git-gui/po/fr.po
+++ b/git-gui/po/fr.po
@@ -2399,7 +2399,7 @@
 msgstr "La génération a échoué."
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:118
-msgid "Generation succeded, but no keys found."
+msgid "Generation succeeded, but no keys found."
 msgstr "La génération a réussi, mais aucune clé n'a été trouvée."
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:121
diff --git a/git-gui/po/git-gui.pot b/git-gui/po/git-gui.pot
index 1ae2aaa..0c94f9c 100644
--- a/git-gui/po/git-gui.pot
+++ b/git-gui/po/git-gui.pot
@@ -2203,7 +2203,7 @@
 msgstr ""
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:118
-msgid "Generation succeded, but no keys found."
+msgid "Generation succeeded, but no keys found."
 msgstr ""
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:121
diff --git a/git-gui/po/hu.po b/git-gui/po/hu.po
index 0f87bc1..d106dad 100644
--- a/git-gui/po/hu.po
+++ b/git-gui/po/hu.po
@@ -2354,7 +2354,7 @@
 msgstr "A generálás nem sikerült."
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:118
-msgid "Generation succeded, but no keys found."
+msgid "Generation succeeded, but no keys found."
 msgstr "A generálás sikeres, de egy kulcs se található."
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:121
diff --git a/git-gui/po/it.po b/git-gui/po/it.po
index aa15a20..1bd8b8e 100644
--- a/git-gui/po/it.po
+++ b/git-gui/po/it.po
@@ -2397,7 +2397,7 @@
 msgstr "Errore durante la creazione della chiave."
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:118
-msgid "Generation succeded, but no keys found."
+msgid "Generation succeeded, but no keys found."
 msgstr "La chiave è stata creata con successo, ma non è stata trovata."
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:121
diff --git a/git-gui/po/ja.po b/git-gui/po/ja.po
index 1501798..9aff249 100644
--- a/git-gui/po/ja.po
+++ b/git-gui/po/ja.po
@@ -2362,7 +2362,7 @@
 msgstr "生成に失敗しました。"
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:118
-msgid "Generation succeded, but no keys found."
+msgid "Generation succeeded, but no keys found."
 msgstr "生成には成功しましたが、鍵が見つかりません。"
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:121
diff --git a/git-gui/po/nb.po b/git-gui/po/nb.po
index 6de93c2..d66aa50 100644
--- a/git-gui/po/nb.po
+++ b/git-gui/po/nb.po
@@ -2286,7 +2286,7 @@
 msgstr "Generering feilet."
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:118
-msgid "Generation succeded, but no keys found."
+msgid "Generation succeeded, but no keys found."
 msgstr "Generering vellykket, men ingen nøkler er funnet."
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:121
diff --git a/git-gui/po/pt_br.po b/git-gui/po/pt_br.po
index b175b97..bad116c 100644
--- a/git-gui/po/pt_br.po
+++ b/git-gui/po/pt_br.po
@@ -2375,7 +2375,7 @@
 msgstr "A geração da chave falhou."
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:118
-msgid "Generation succeded, but no keys found."
+msgid "Generation succeeded, but no keys found."
 msgstr "A geração da chave foi bem-sucedida, mas nenhuma chave foi encontrada."
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:121
diff --git a/git-gui/po/ru.po b/git-gui/po/ru.po
index 30f4b77..ca4343b 100644
--- a/git-gui/po/ru.po
+++ b/git-gui/po/ru.po
@@ -2370,7 +2370,7 @@
 msgstr "Ключ не создан."
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:118
-msgid "Generation succeded, but no keys found."
+msgid "Generation succeeded, but no keys found."
 msgstr "Создание ключа завершилось, но результат не был найден"
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:121
diff --git a/git-gui/po/sv.po b/git-gui/po/sv.po
index 24cc4e3..fcb063f 100644
--- a/git-gui/po/sv.po
+++ b/git-gui/po/sv.po
@@ -2382,7 +2382,7 @@
 msgstr "Misslyckades med att skapa."
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:120
-msgid "Generation succeded, but no keys found."
+msgid "Generation succeeded, but no keys found."
 msgstr "Lyckades skapa nyckeln, men hittar inte någon nyckel."
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:123
diff --git a/git-merge-one-file.sh b/git-merge-one-file.sh
index f612cb8..07dfeb8 100755
--- a/git-merge-one-file.sh
+++ b/git-merge-one-file.sh
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 USAGE='<orig blob> <our blob> <their blob> <path>'
 USAGE="$USAGE <orig mode> <our mode> <their mode>"
-LONG_USAGE="Usage: git merge-one-file $USAGE
+LONG_USAGE="usage: git merge-one-file $USAGE
 
 Blob ids and modes should be empty for missing files."
 
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 cd_to_toplevel
 require_work_tree
 
-if ! test "$#" -eq 7
+if test $# != 7
 then
 	echo "$LONG_USAGE"
 	exit 1
@@ -38,7 +38,8 @@
 # Deleted in both or deleted in one and unchanged in the other
 #
 "$1.." | "$1.$1" | "$1$1.")
-	if [ "$2" ]; then
+	if test -n "$2"
+	then
 		echo "Removing $4"
 	else
 		# read-tree checked that index matches HEAD already,
@@ -48,7 +49,8 @@
 		# we do not have it in the index, though.
 		exec git update-index --remove -- "$4"
 	fi
-	if test -f "$4"; then
+	if test -f "$4"
+	then
 		rm -f -- "$4" &&
 		rmdir -p "$(expr "z$4" : 'z\(.*\)/')" 2>/dev/null || :
 	fi &&
@@ -67,7 +69,7 @@
 	echo "Adding $4"
 	if test -f "$4"
 	then
-		echo "ERROR: untracked $4 is overwritten by the merge."
+		echo "ERROR: untracked $4 is overwritten by the merge." >&2
 		exit 1
 	fi
 	git update-index --add --cacheinfo "$7" "$3" "$4" &&
@@ -78,9 +80,10 @@
 # Added in both, identically (check for same permissions).
 #
 ".$3$2")
-	if [ "$6" != "$7" ]; then
-		echo "ERROR: File $4 added identically in both branches,"
-		echo "ERROR: but permissions conflict $6->$7."
+	if test "$6" != "$7"
+	then
+		echo "ERROR: File $4 added identically in both branches," >&2
+		echo "ERROR: but permissions conflict $6->$7." >&2
 		exit 1
 	fi
 	echo "Adding $4"
@@ -95,44 +98,36 @@
 
 	case ",$6,$7," in
 	*,120000,*)
-		echo "ERROR: $4: Not merging symbolic link changes."
+		echo "ERROR: $4: Not merging symbolic link changes." >&2
 		exit 1
 		;;
 	*,160000,*)
-		echo "ERROR: $4: Not merging conflicting submodule changes."
+		echo "ERROR: $4: Not merging conflicting submodule changes." >&2
 		exit 1
 		;;
 	esac
 
-	src2=`git-unpack-file $3`
+	src1=$(git-unpack-file $2)
+	src2=$(git-unpack-file $3)
 	case "$1" in
 	'')
 		echo "Added $4 in both, but differently."
-		# This extracts OUR file in $orig, and uses git apply to
-		# remove lines that are unique to ours.
-		orig=`git-unpack-file $2`
-		sz0=`wc -c <"$orig"`
-		@@DIFF@@ -u -La/$orig -Lb/$orig $orig $src2 | git apply --no-add
-		sz1=`wc -c <"$orig"`
-
-		# If we do not have enough common material, it is not
-		# worth trying two-file merge using common subsections.
-		expr $sz0 \< $sz1 \* 2 >/dev/null || : >$orig
+		orig=$(git-unpack-file $2)
+		create_virtual_base "$orig" "$src2"
 		;;
 	*)
 		echo "Auto-merging $4"
-		orig=`git-unpack-file $1`
+		orig=$(git-unpack-file $1)
 		;;
 	esac
 
-	# Be careful for funny filename such as "-L" in "$4", which
-	# would confuse "merge" greatly.
-	src1=`git-unpack-file $2`
 	git merge-file "$src1" "$orig" "$src2"
 	ret=$?
 	msg=
-	if [ $ret -ne 0 ]; then
+	if test $ret != 0 || test -z "$1"
+	then
 		msg='content conflict'
+		ret=1
 	fi
 
 	# Create the working tree file, using "our tree" version from the
@@ -140,26 +135,26 @@
 	git checkout-index -f --stage=2 -- "$4" && cat "$src1" >"$4" || exit 1
 	rm -f -- "$orig" "$src1" "$src2"
 
-	if [ "$6" != "$7" ]; then
-		if [ -n "$msg" ]; then
+	if test "$6" != "$7"
+	then
+		if test -n "$msg"
+		then
 			msg="$msg, "
 		fi
 		msg="${msg}permissions conflict: $5->$6,$7"
 		ret=1
 	fi
-	if [ "$1" = '' ]; then
-		ret=1
-	fi
 
-	if [ $ret -ne 0 ]; then
-		echo "ERROR: $msg in $4"
+	if test $ret != 0
+	then
+		echo "ERROR: $msg in $4" >&2
 		exit 1
 	fi
 	exec git update-index -- "$4"
 	;;
 
 *)
-	echo "ERROR: $4: Not handling case $1 -> $2 -> $3"
+	echo "ERROR: $4: Not handling case $1 -> $2 -> $3" >&2
 	;;
 esac
 exit 1
diff --git a/git-mergetool--lib.sh b/git-mergetool--lib.sh
index ed630b2..e338be5 100644
--- a/git-mergetool--lib.sh
+++ b/git-mergetool--lib.sh
@@ -1,5 +1,83 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 # git-mergetool--lib is a library for common merge tool functions
+
+: ${MERGE_TOOLS_DIR=$(git --exec-path)/mergetools}
+
+mode_ok () {
+	if diff_mode
+	then
+		can_diff
+	elif merge_mode
+	then
+		can_merge
+	else
+		false
+	fi
+}
+
+is_available () {
+	merge_tool_path=$(translate_merge_tool_path "$1") &&
+	type "$merge_tool_path" >/dev/null 2>&1
+}
+
+list_config_tools () {
+	section=$1
+	line_prefix=${2:-}
+
+	git config --get-regexp $section'\..*\.cmd' |
+	while read -r key value
+	do
+		toolname=${key#$section.}
+		toolname=${toolname%.cmd}
+
+		printf "%s%s\n" "$line_prefix" "$toolname"
+	done
+}
+
+show_tool_names () {
+	condition=${1:-true} per_line_prefix=${2:-} preamble=${3:-}
+	not_found_msg=${4:-}
+	extra_content=${5:-}
+
+	shown_any=
+	( cd "$MERGE_TOOLS_DIR" && ls ) | {
+		while read toolname
+		do
+			if setup_tool "$toolname" 2>/dev/null &&
+				(eval "$condition" "$toolname")
+			then
+				if test -n "$preamble"
+				then
+					printf "%s\n" "$preamble"
+					preamble=
+				fi
+				shown_any=yes
+				printf "%s%s\n" "$per_line_prefix" "$toolname"
+			fi
+		done
+
+		if test -n "$extra_content"
+		then
+			if test -n "$preamble"
+			then
+				# Note: no '\n' here since we don't want a
+				# blank line if there is no initial content.
+				printf "%s" "$preamble"
+				preamble=
+			fi
+			shown_any=yes
+			printf "\n%s\n" "$extra_content"
+		fi
+
+		if test -n "$preamble" && test -n "$not_found_msg"
+		then
+			printf "%s\n" "$not_found_msg"
+		fi
+
+		test -n "$shown_any"
+	}
+}
+
 diff_mode() {
 	test "$TOOL_MODE" = diff
 }
@@ -30,61 +108,70 @@
 	fi
 }
 
-valid_tool_config () {
-	if test -n "$(get_merge_tool_cmd "$1")"
-	then
-		return 0
-	else
-		return 1
-	fi
-}
-
 valid_tool () {
-	setup_tool "$1" || valid_tool_config "$1"
+	setup_tool "$1" && return 0
+	cmd=$(get_merge_tool_cmd "$1")
+	test -n "$cmd"
 }
 
 setup_tool () {
-	case "$1" in
-	vim*|gvim*)
-		tool=vim
-		;;
-	*)
-		tool="$1"
-		;;
-	esac
-	mergetools="$(git --exec-path)/mergetools"
+	tool="$1"
 
-	# Load the default definitions
-	. "$mergetools/defaults"
-	if ! test -f "$mergetools/$tool"
+	# Fallback definitions, to be overriden by tools.
+	can_merge () {
+		return 0
+	}
+
+	can_diff () {
+		return 0
+	}
+
+	diff_cmd () {
+		status=1
+		return $status
+	}
+
+	merge_cmd () {
+		status=1
+		return $status
+	}
+
+	translate_merge_tool_path () {
+		echo "$1"
+	}
+
+	if ! test -f "$MERGE_TOOLS_DIR/$tool"
 	then
-		return 1
+		# Use a special return code for this case since we want to
+		# source "defaults" even when an explicit tool path is
+		# configured since the user can use that to override the
+		# default path in the scriptlet.
+		return 2
 	fi
 
 	# Load the redefined functions
-	. "$mergetools/$tool"
+	. "$MERGE_TOOLS_DIR/$tool"
 
 	if merge_mode && ! can_merge
 	then
 		echo "error: '$tool' can not be used to resolve merges" >&2
-		exit 1
+		return 1
 	elif diff_mode && ! can_diff
 	then
 		echo "error: '$tool' can only be used to resolve merges" >&2
-		exit 1
+		return 1
 	fi
 	return 0
 }
 
 get_merge_tool_cmd () {
-	# Prints the custom command for a merge tool
 	merge_tool="$1"
 	if diff_mode
 	then
-		echo "$(git config difftool.$merge_tool.cmd ||
-			git config mergetool.$merge_tool.cmd)"
+		git config "difftool.$merge_tool.cmd" ||
+		git config "mergetool.$merge_tool.cmd"
 	else
-		echo "$(git config mergetool.$merge_tool.cmd)"
+		git config "mergetool.$merge_tool.cmd"
 	fi
 }
 
@@ -95,23 +182,72 @@
 	GIT_PREFIX=${GIT_PREFIX:-.}
 	export GIT_PREFIX
 
-	merge_tool_path="$(get_merge_tool_path "$1")" || exit
+	merge_tool_path=$(get_merge_tool_path "$1") || exit
 	base_present="$2"
 	status=0
 
 	# Bring tool-specific functions into scope
 	setup_tool "$1"
+	exitcode=$?
+	case $exitcode in
+	0)
+		:
+		;;
+	2)
+		# The configured tool is not a built-in tool.
+		test -n "$merge_tool_path" || return 1
+		;;
+	*)
+		return $exitcode
+		;;
+	esac
 
 	if merge_mode
 	then
-		merge_cmd "$1"
+		run_merge_cmd "$1"
 	else
-		diff_cmd "$1"
+		run_diff_cmd "$1"
 	fi
 	return $status
 }
 
-guess_merge_tool () {
+# Run a either a configured or built-in diff tool
+run_diff_cmd () {
+	merge_tool_cmd=$(get_merge_tool_cmd "$1")
+	if test -n "$merge_tool_cmd"
+	then
+		( eval $merge_tool_cmd )
+		status=$?
+		return $status
+	else
+		diff_cmd "$1"
+	fi
+}
+
+# Run a either a configured or built-in merge tool
+run_merge_cmd () {
+	merge_tool_cmd=$(get_merge_tool_cmd "$1")
+	if test -n "$merge_tool_cmd"
+	then
+		trust_exit_code=$(git config --bool \
+			"mergetool.$1.trustExitCode" || echo false)
+		if test "$trust_exit_code" = "false"
+		then
+			touch "$BACKUP"
+			( eval $merge_tool_cmd )
+			status=$?
+			check_unchanged
+		else
+			( eval $merge_tool_cmd )
+			status=$?
+		fi
+		return $status
+	else
+		merge_cmd "$1"
+	fi
+}
+
+list_merge_tool_candidates () {
 	if merge_mode
 	then
 		tools="tortoisemerge"
@@ -126,7 +262,7 @@
 		else
 			tools="opendiff kdiff3 tkdiff xxdiff meld $tools"
 		fi
-		tools="$tools gvimdiff diffuse ecmerge p4merge araxis bc3"
+		tools="$tools gvimdiff diffuse ecmerge p4merge araxis bc3 codecompare"
 	fi
 	case "${VISUAL:-$EDITOR}" in
 	*vim*)
@@ -136,20 +272,63 @@
 		tools="$tools emerge vimdiff"
 		;;
 	esac
-	echo >&2 "merge tool candidates: $tools"
+}
+
+show_tool_help () {
+	tool_opt="'git ${TOOL_MODE}tool --tool-<tool>'"
+
+	tab='	'
+	LF='
+'
+	any_shown=no
+
+	cmd_name=${TOOL_MODE}tool
+	config_tools=$({
+		diff_mode && list_config_tools difftool "$tab$tab"
+		list_config_tools mergetool "$tab$tab"
+	} | sort)
+	extra_content=
+	if test -n "$config_tools"
+	then
+		extra_content="${tab}user-defined:${LF}$config_tools"
+	fi
+
+	show_tool_names 'mode_ok && is_available' "$tab$tab" \
+		"$tool_opt may be set to one of the following:" \
+		"No suitable tool for 'git $cmd_name --tool=<tool>' found." \
+		"$extra_content" &&
+		any_shown=yes
+
+	show_tool_names 'mode_ok && ! is_available' "$tab$tab" \
+		"${LF}The following tools are valid, but not currently available:" &&
+		any_shown=yes
+
+	if test "$any_shown" = yes
+	then
+		echo
+		echo "Some of the tools listed above only work in a windowed"
+		echo "environment. If run in a terminal-only session, they will fail."
+	fi
+	exit 0
+}
+
+guess_merge_tool () {
+	list_merge_tool_candidates
+	cat >&2 <<-EOF
+
+	This message is displayed because '$TOOL_MODE.tool' is not configured.
+	See 'git ${TOOL_MODE}tool --tool-help' or 'git help config' for more details.
+	'git ${TOOL_MODE}tool' will now attempt to use one of the following tools:
+	$tools
+	EOF
 
 	# Loop over each candidate and stop when a valid merge tool is found.
-	for i in $tools
+	for tool in $tools
 	do
-		merge_tool_path="$(translate_merge_tool_path "$i")"
-		if type "$merge_tool_path" >/dev/null 2>&1
-		then
-			echo "$i"
-			return 0
-		fi
+		is_available "$tool" && echo "$tool" && return 0
 	done
 
-	echo >&2 "No known merge resolution program available."
+	echo >&2 "No known ${TOOL_MODE} tool is available."
 	return 1
 }
 
@@ -188,7 +367,7 @@
 	fi
 	if test -z "$merge_tool_path"
 	then
-		merge_tool_path="$(translate_merge_tool_path "$merge_tool")"
+		merge_tool_path=$(translate_merge_tool_path "$merge_tool")
 	fi
 	if test -z "$(get_merge_tool_cmd "$merge_tool")" &&
 		! type "$merge_tool_path" >/dev/null 2>&1
@@ -202,11 +381,11 @@
 
 get_merge_tool () {
 	# Check if a merge tool has been configured
-	merge_tool="$(get_configured_merge_tool)"
+	merge_tool=$(get_configured_merge_tool)
 	# Try to guess an appropriate merge tool if no tool has been set.
 	if test -z "$merge_tool"
 	then
-		merge_tool="$(guess_merge_tool)" || exit
+		merge_tool=$(guess_merge_tool) || exit
 	fi
 	echo "$merge_tool"
 }
diff --git a/git-mergetool.sh b/git-mergetool.sh
index a9f23f7..332528f 100755
--- a/git-mergetool.sh
+++ b/git-mergetool.sh
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 # at the discretion of Junio C Hamano.
 #
 
-USAGE='[--tool=tool] [-y|--no-prompt|--prompt] [file to merge] ...'
+USAGE='[--tool=tool] [--tool-help] [-y|--no-prompt|--prompt] [file to merge] ...'
 SUBDIRECTORY_OK=Yes
 OPTIONS_SPEC=
 TOOL_MODE=merge
@@ -18,328 +18,362 @@
 
 # Returns true if the mode reflects a symlink
 is_symlink () {
-    test "$1" = 120000
+	test "$1" = 120000
 }
 
 is_submodule () {
-    test "$1" = 160000
+	test "$1" = 160000
 }
 
 local_present () {
-    test -n "$local_mode"
+	test -n "$local_mode"
 }
 
 remote_present () {
-    test -n "$remote_mode"
+	test -n "$remote_mode"
 }
 
 base_present () {
-    test -n "$base_mode"
+	test -n "$base_mode"
 }
 
 cleanup_temp_files () {
-    if test "$1" = --save-backup ; then
-	rm -rf -- "$MERGED.orig"
-	test -e "$BACKUP" && mv -- "$BACKUP" "$MERGED.orig"
-	rm -f -- "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" "$BASE"
-    else
-	rm -f -- "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" "$BASE" "$BACKUP"
-    fi
+	if test "$1" = --save-backup
+	then
+		rm -rf -- "$MERGED.orig"
+		test -e "$BACKUP" && mv -- "$BACKUP" "$MERGED.orig"
+		rm -f -- "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" "$BASE"
+	else
+		rm -f -- "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" "$BASE" "$BACKUP"
+	fi
 }
 
 describe_file () {
-    mode="$1"
-    branch="$2"
-    file="$3"
+	mode="$1"
+	branch="$2"
+	file="$3"
 
-    printf "  {%s}: " "$branch"
-    if test -z "$mode"; then
-	echo "deleted"
-    elif is_symlink "$mode" ; then
-	echo "a symbolic link -> '$(cat "$file")'"
-    elif is_submodule "$mode" ; then
-	echo "submodule commit $file"
-    else
-	if base_present; then
-	    echo "modified file"
+	printf "  {%s}: " "$branch"
+	if test -z "$mode"
+	then
+		echo "deleted"
+	elif is_symlink "$mode"
+	then
+		echo "a symbolic link -> '$(cat "$file")'"
+	elif is_submodule "$mode"
+	then
+		echo "submodule commit $file"
+	elif base_present
+	then
+		echo "modified file"
 	else
-	    echo "created file"
+		echo "created file"
 	fi
-    fi
 }
 
-
 resolve_symlink_merge () {
-    while true; do
-	printf "Use (l)ocal or (r)emote, or (a)bort? "
-	read ans || return 1
-	case "$ans" in
-	    [lL]*)
-		git checkout-index -f --stage=2 -- "$MERGED"
-		git add -- "$MERGED"
-		cleanup_temp_files --save-backup
-		return 0
-		;;
-	    [rR]*)
-		git checkout-index -f --stage=3 -- "$MERGED"
-		git add -- "$MERGED"
-		cleanup_temp_files --save-backup
-		return 0
-		;;
-	    [aA]*)
-		return 1
-		;;
-	    esac
+	while true
+	do
+		printf "Use (l)ocal or (r)emote, or (a)bort? "
+		read ans || return 1
+		case "$ans" in
+		[lL]*)
+			git checkout-index -f --stage=2 -- "$MERGED"
+			git add -- "$MERGED"
+			cleanup_temp_files --save-backup
+			return 0
+			;;
+		[rR]*)
+			git checkout-index -f --stage=3 -- "$MERGED"
+			git add -- "$MERGED"
+			cleanup_temp_files --save-backup
+			return 0
+			;;
+		[aA]*)
+			return 1
+			;;
+		esac
 	done
 }
 
 resolve_deleted_merge () {
-    while true; do
-	if base_present; then
-	    printf "Use (m)odified or (d)eleted file, or (a)bort? "
-	else
-	    printf "Use (c)reated or (d)eleted file, or (a)bort? "
-	fi
-	read ans || return 1
-	case "$ans" in
-	    [mMcC]*)
-		git add -- "$MERGED"
-		cleanup_temp_files --save-backup
-		return 0
-		;;
-	    [dD]*)
-		git rm -- "$MERGED" > /dev/null
-		cleanup_temp_files
-		return 0
-		;;
-	    [aA]*)
-		return 1
-		;;
-	    esac
+	while true
+	do
+		if base_present
+		then
+			printf "Use (m)odified or (d)eleted file, or (a)bort? "
+		else
+			printf "Use (c)reated or (d)eleted file, or (a)bort? "
+		fi
+		read ans || return 1
+		case "$ans" in
+		[mMcC]*)
+			git add -- "$MERGED"
+			cleanup_temp_files --save-backup
+			return 0
+			;;
+		[dD]*)
+			git rm -- "$MERGED" > /dev/null
+			cleanup_temp_files
+			return 0
+			;;
+		[aA]*)
+			return 1
+			;;
+		esac
 	done
 }
 
 resolve_submodule_merge () {
-    while true; do
-	printf "Use (l)ocal or (r)emote, or (a)bort? "
-	read ans || return 1
-	case "$ans" in
-	    [lL]*)
-		if ! local_present; then
-		    if test -n "$(git ls-tree HEAD -- "$MERGED")"; then
-			# Local isn't present, but it's a subdirectory
-			git ls-tree --full-name -r HEAD -- "$MERGED" | git update-index --index-info || exit $?
-		    else
-			test -e "$MERGED" && mv -- "$MERGED" "$BACKUP"
-			git update-index --force-remove "$MERGED"
+	while true
+	do
+		printf "Use (l)ocal or (r)emote, or (a)bort? "
+		read ans || return 1
+		case "$ans" in
+		[lL]*)
+			if ! local_present
+			then
+				if test -n "$(git ls-tree HEAD -- "$MERGED")"
+				then
+					# Local isn't present, but it's a subdirectory
+					git ls-tree --full-name -r HEAD -- "$MERGED" |
+					git update-index --index-info || exit $?
+				else
+					test -e "$MERGED" && mv -- "$MERGED" "$BACKUP"
+					git update-index --force-remove "$MERGED"
+					cleanup_temp_files --save-backup
+				fi
+			elif is_submodule "$local_mode"
+			then
+				stage_submodule "$MERGED" "$local_sha1"
+			else
+				git checkout-index -f --stage=2 -- "$MERGED"
+				git add -- "$MERGED"
+			fi
+			return 0
+			;;
+		[rR]*)
+			if ! remote_present
+			then
+				if test -n "$(git ls-tree MERGE_HEAD -- "$MERGED")"
+				then
+					# Remote isn't present, but it's a subdirectory
+					git ls-tree --full-name -r MERGE_HEAD -- "$MERGED" |
+					git update-index --index-info || exit $?
+				else
+					test -e "$MERGED" && mv -- "$MERGED" "$BACKUP"
+					git update-index --force-remove "$MERGED"
+				fi
+			elif is_submodule "$remote_mode"
+			then
+				! is_submodule "$local_mode" &&
+				test -e "$MERGED" &&
+				mv -- "$MERGED" "$BACKUP"
+				stage_submodule "$MERGED" "$remote_sha1"
+			else
+				test -e "$MERGED" && mv -- "$MERGED" "$BACKUP"
+				git checkout-index -f --stage=3 -- "$MERGED"
+				git add -- "$MERGED"
+			fi
 			cleanup_temp_files --save-backup
-		    fi
-		elif is_submodule "$local_mode"; then
-		    stage_submodule "$MERGED" "$local_sha1"
-		else
-		    git checkout-index -f --stage=2 -- "$MERGED"
-		    git add -- "$MERGED"
-		fi
-		return 0
-		;;
-	    [rR]*)
-		if ! remote_present; then
-		    if test -n "$(git ls-tree MERGE_HEAD -- "$MERGED")"; then
-			# Remote isn't present, but it's a subdirectory
-			git ls-tree --full-name -r MERGE_HEAD -- "$MERGED" | git update-index --index-info || exit $?
-		    else
-			test -e "$MERGED" && mv -- "$MERGED" "$BACKUP"
-			git update-index --force-remove "$MERGED"
-		    fi
-		elif is_submodule "$remote_mode"; then
-		    ! is_submodule "$local_mode" && test -e "$MERGED" && mv -- "$MERGED" "$BACKUP"
-		    stage_submodule "$MERGED" "$remote_sha1"
-		else
-		    test -e "$MERGED" && mv -- "$MERGED" "$BACKUP"
-		    git checkout-index -f --stage=3 -- "$MERGED"
-		    git add -- "$MERGED"
-		fi
-		cleanup_temp_files --save-backup
-		return 0
-		;;
-	    [aA]*)
-		return 1
-		;;
-	    esac
+			return 0
+			;;
+		[aA]*)
+			return 1
+			;;
+		esac
 	done
 }
 
 stage_submodule () {
-    path="$1"
-    submodule_sha1="$2"
-    mkdir -p "$path" || die "fatal: unable to create directory for module at $path"
-    # Find $path relative to work tree
-    work_tree_root=$(cd_to_toplevel && pwd)
-    work_rel_path=$(cd "$path" && GIT_WORK_TREE="${work_tree_root}" git rev-parse --show-prefix)
-    test -n "$work_rel_path" || die "fatal: unable to get path of module $path relative to work tree"
-    git update-index --add --replace --cacheinfo 160000 "$submodule_sha1" "${work_rel_path%/}" || die
+	path="$1"
+	submodule_sha1="$2"
+	mkdir -p "$path" ||
+	die "fatal: unable to create directory for module at $path"
+	# Find $path relative to work tree
+	work_tree_root=$(cd_to_toplevel && pwd)
+	work_rel_path=$(cd "$path" &&
+		GIT_WORK_TREE="${work_tree_root}" git rev-parse --show-prefix
+	)
+	test -n "$work_rel_path" ||
+	die "fatal: unable to get path of module $path relative to work tree"
+	git update-index --add --replace --cacheinfo 160000 "$submodule_sha1" "${work_rel_path%/}" || die
 }
 
 checkout_staged_file () {
-    tmpfile=$(expr \
-	    "$(git checkout-index --temp --stage="$1" "$2" 2>/dev/null)" \
-	    : '\([^	]*\)	')
+	tmpfile=$(expr \
+		"$(git checkout-index --temp --stage="$1" "$2" 2>/dev/null)" \
+		: '\([^	]*\)	')
 
-    if test $? -eq 0 -a -n "$tmpfile" ; then
-	mv -- "$(git rev-parse --show-cdup)$tmpfile" "$3"
-    else
-	>"$3"
-    fi
+	if test $? -eq 0 -a -n "$tmpfile"
+	then
+		mv -- "$(git rev-parse --show-cdup)$tmpfile" "$3"
+	else
+		>"$3"
+	fi
 }
 
 merge_file () {
-    MERGED="$1"
+	MERGED="$1"
 
-    f=$(git ls-files -u -- "$MERGED")
-    if test -z "$f" ; then
-	if test ! -f "$MERGED" ; then
-	    echo "$MERGED: file not found"
+	f=$(git ls-files -u -- "$MERGED")
+	if test -z "$f"
+	then
+		if test ! -f "$MERGED"
+		then
+			echo "$MERGED: file not found"
+		else
+			echo "$MERGED: file does not need merging"
+		fi
+		return 1
+	fi
+
+	ext="$$$(expr "$MERGED" : '.*\(\.[^/]*\)$')"
+	BACKUP="./$MERGED.BACKUP.$ext"
+	LOCAL="./$MERGED.LOCAL.$ext"
+	REMOTE="./$MERGED.REMOTE.$ext"
+	BASE="./$MERGED.BASE.$ext"
+
+	base_mode=$(git ls-files -u -- "$MERGED" | awk '{if ($3==1) print $1;}')
+	local_mode=$(git ls-files -u -- "$MERGED" | awk '{if ($3==2) print $1;}')
+	remote_mode=$(git ls-files -u -- "$MERGED" | awk '{if ($3==3) print $1;}')
+
+	if is_submodule "$local_mode" || is_submodule "$remote_mode"
+	then
+		echo "Submodule merge conflict for '$MERGED':"
+		local_sha1=$(git ls-files -u -- "$MERGED" | awk '{if ($3==2) print $2;}')
+		remote_sha1=$(git ls-files -u -- "$MERGED" | awk '{if ($3==3) print $2;}')
+		describe_file "$local_mode" "local" "$local_sha1"
+		describe_file "$remote_mode" "remote" "$remote_sha1"
+		resolve_submodule_merge
+		return
+	fi
+
+	mv -- "$MERGED" "$BACKUP"
+	cp -- "$BACKUP" "$MERGED"
+
+	checkout_staged_file 1 "$MERGED" "$BASE"
+	checkout_staged_file 2 "$MERGED" "$LOCAL"
+	checkout_staged_file 3 "$MERGED" "$REMOTE"
+
+	if test -z "$local_mode" -o -z "$remote_mode"
+	then
+		echo "Deleted merge conflict for '$MERGED':"
+		describe_file "$local_mode" "local" "$LOCAL"
+		describe_file "$remote_mode" "remote" "$REMOTE"
+		resolve_deleted_merge
+		return
+	fi
+
+	if is_symlink "$local_mode" || is_symlink "$remote_mode"
+	then
+		echo "Symbolic link merge conflict for '$MERGED':"
+		describe_file "$local_mode" "local" "$LOCAL"
+		describe_file "$remote_mode" "remote" "$REMOTE"
+		resolve_symlink_merge
+		return
+	fi
+
+	echo "Normal merge conflict for '$MERGED':"
+	describe_file "$local_mode" "local" "$LOCAL"
+	describe_file "$remote_mode" "remote" "$REMOTE"
+	if "$prompt" = true
+	then
+		printf "Hit return to start merge resolution tool (%s): " "$merge_tool"
+		read ans || return 1
+	fi
+
+	if base_present
+	then
+		present=true
 	else
-	    echo "$MERGED: file does not need merging"
-	fi
-	return 1
-    fi
-
-    ext="$$$(expr "$MERGED" : '.*\(\.[^/]*\)$')"
-    BACKUP="./$MERGED.BACKUP.$ext"
-    LOCAL="./$MERGED.LOCAL.$ext"
-    REMOTE="./$MERGED.REMOTE.$ext"
-    BASE="./$MERGED.BASE.$ext"
-
-    base_mode=$(git ls-files -u -- "$MERGED" | awk '{if ($3==1) print $1;}')
-    local_mode=$(git ls-files -u -- "$MERGED" | awk '{if ($3==2) print $1;}')
-    remote_mode=$(git ls-files -u -- "$MERGED" | awk '{if ($3==3) print $1;}')
-
-    if is_submodule "$local_mode" || is_submodule "$remote_mode"; then
-	echo "Submodule merge conflict for '$MERGED':"
-	local_sha1=$(git ls-files -u -- "$MERGED" | awk '{if ($3==2) print $2;}')
-	remote_sha1=$(git ls-files -u -- "$MERGED" | awk '{if ($3==3) print $2;}')
-	describe_file "$local_mode" "local" "$local_sha1"
-	describe_file "$remote_mode" "remote" "$remote_sha1"
-	resolve_submodule_merge
-	return
-    fi
-
-    mv -- "$MERGED" "$BACKUP"
-    cp -- "$BACKUP" "$MERGED"
-
-    checkout_staged_file 1 "$MERGED" "$BASE"
-    checkout_staged_file 2 "$MERGED" "$LOCAL"
-    checkout_staged_file 3 "$MERGED" "$REMOTE"
-
-    if test -z "$local_mode" -o -z "$remote_mode"; then
-	echo "Deleted merge conflict for '$MERGED':"
-	describe_file "$local_mode" "local" "$LOCAL"
-	describe_file "$remote_mode" "remote" "$REMOTE"
-	resolve_deleted_merge
-	return
-    fi
-
-    if is_symlink "$local_mode" || is_symlink "$remote_mode"; then
-	echo "Symbolic link merge conflict for '$MERGED':"
-	describe_file "$local_mode" "local" "$LOCAL"
-	describe_file "$remote_mode" "remote" "$REMOTE"
-	resolve_symlink_merge
-	return
-    fi
-
-    echo "Normal merge conflict for '$MERGED':"
-    describe_file "$local_mode" "local" "$LOCAL"
-    describe_file "$remote_mode" "remote" "$REMOTE"
-    if "$prompt" = true; then
-	printf "Hit return to start merge resolution tool (%s): " "$merge_tool"
-	read ans || return 1
-    fi
-
-    if base_present; then
-	    present=true
-    else
-	    present=false
-    fi
-
-    if ! run_merge_tool "$merge_tool" "$present"; then
-	echo "merge of $MERGED failed" 1>&2
-	mv -- "$BACKUP" "$MERGED"
-
-	if test "$merge_keep_temporaries" = "false"; then
-	    cleanup_temp_files
+		present=false
 	fi
 
-	return 1
-    fi
+	if ! run_merge_tool "$merge_tool" "$present"
+	then
+		echo "merge of $MERGED failed" 1>&2
+		mv -- "$BACKUP" "$MERGED"
 
-    if test "$merge_keep_backup" = "true"; then
-	mv -- "$BACKUP" "$MERGED.orig"
-    else
-	rm -- "$BACKUP"
-    fi
+		if test "$merge_keep_temporaries" = "false"
+		then
+			cleanup_temp_files
+		fi
 
-    git add -- "$MERGED"
-    cleanup_temp_files
-    return 0
+		return 1
+	fi
+
+	if test "$merge_keep_backup" = "true"
+	then
+		mv -- "$BACKUP" "$MERGED.orig"
+	else
+		rm -- "$BACKUP"
+	fi
+
+	git add -- "$MERGED"
+	cleanup_temp_files
+	return 0
 }
 
 prompt=$(git config --bool mergetool.prompt || echo true)
 
 while test $# != 0
 do
-    case "$1" in
-	-t|--tool*)
-	    case "$#,$1" in
-		*,*=*)
-		    merge_tool=$(expr "z$1" : 'z-[^=]*=\(.*\)')
-		    ;;
-		1,*)
-		    usage ;;
-		*)
-		    merge_tool="$2"
-		    shift ;;
-	    esac
-	    ;;
-	-y|--no-prompt)
-	    prompt=false
-	    ;;
-	--prompt)
-	    prompt=true
-	    ;;
-	--)
-	    shift
-	    break
-	    ;;
-	-*)
-	    usage
-	    ;;
-	*)
-	    break
-	    ;;
-    esac
-    shift
-done
-
-prompt_after_failed_merge() {
-    while true; do
-	printf "Continue merging other unresolved paths (y/n) ? "
-	read ans || return 1
-	case "$ans" in
-
-	    [yY]*)
-		return 0
+	case "$1" in
+	--tool-help)
+		show_tool_help
 		;;
-
-	    [nN]*)
-		return 1
+	-t|--tool*)
+		case "$#,$1" in
+		*,*=*)
+			merge_tool=$(expr "z$1" : 'z-[^=]*=\(.*\)')
+			;;
+		1,*)
+			usage ;;
+		*)
+			merge_tool="$2"
+			shift ;;
+		esac
+		;;
+	-y|--no-prompt)
+		prompt=false
+		;;
+	--prompt)
+		prompt=true
+		;;
+	--)
+		shift
+		break
+		;;
+	-*)
+		usage
+		;;
+	*)
+		break
 		;;
 	esac
-    done
+	shift
+done
+
+prompt_after_failed_merge () {
+	while true
+	do
+		printf "Continue merging other unresolved paths (y/n) ? "
+		read ans || return 1
+		case "$ans" in
+		[yY]*)
+			return 0
+			;;
+		[nN]*)
+			return 1
+			;;
+		esac
+	done
 }
 
-if test -z "$merge_tool"; then
-    merge_tool=$(get_merge_tool "$merge_tool") || exit
+if test -z "$merge_tool"
+then
+	merge_tool=$(get_merge_tool "$merge_tool") || exit
 fi
 merge_keep_backup="$(git config --bool mergetool.keepBackup || echo true)"
 merge_keep_temporaries="$(git config --bool mergetool.keepTemporaries || echo false)"
@@ -348,40 +382,44 @@
 rollup_status=0
 files=
 
-if test $# -eq 0 ; then
-    cd_to_toplevel
+if test $# -eq 0
+then
+	cd_to_toplevel
 
-    if test -e "$GIT_DIR/MERGE_RR"
-    then
-	files=$(git rerere remaining)
-    else
-	files=$(git ls-files -u | sed -e 's/^[^	]*	//' | sort -u)
-    fi
+	if test -e "$GIT_DIR/MERGE_RR"
+	then
+		files=$(git rerere remaining)
+	else
+		files=$(git ls-files -u | sed -e 's/^[^	]*	//' | sort -u)
+	fi
 else
-    files=$(git ls-files -u -- "$@" | sed -e 's/^[^	]*	//' | sort -u)
+	files=$(git ls-files -u -- "$@" | sed -e 's/^[^	]*	//' | sort -u)
 fi
 
-if test -z "$files" ; then
-    echo "No files need merging"
-    exit 0
+if test -z "$files"
+then
+	echo "No files need merging"
+	exit 0
 fi
 
 printf "Merging:\n"
-printf "$files\n"
+printf "%s\n" "$files"
 
 IFS='
 '
 for i in $files
 do
-    if test $last_status -ne 0; then
-	prompt_after_failed_merge || exit 1
-    fi
-    printf "\n"
-    merge_file "$i"
-    last_status=$?
-    if test $last_status -ne 0; then
-	rollup_status=1
-    fi
+	if test $last_status -ne 0
+	then
+		prompt_after_failed_merge || exit 1
+	fi
+	printf "\n"
+	merge_file "$i"
+	last_status=$?
+	if test $last_status -ne 0
+	then
+		rollup_status=1
+	fi
 done
 
 exit $rollup_status
diff --git a/git-p4.py b/git-p4.py
index f895a24..911bbce 100755
--- a/git-p4.py
+++ b/git-p4.py
@@ -7,10 +7,36 @@
 #            2007 Trolltech ASA
 # License: MIT <http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php>
 #
+import sys
+if sys.hexversion < 0x02040000:
+    # The limiter is the subprocess module
+    sys.stderr.write("git-p4: requires Python 2.4 or later.\n")
+    sys.exit(1)
+import os
+import optparse
+import marshal
+import subprocess
+import tempfile
+import time
+import platform
+import re
+import shutil
+import stat
 
-import optparse, sys, os, marshal, subprocess, shelve
-import tempfile, getopt, os.path, time, platform
-import re, shutil
+try:
+    from subprocess import CalledProcessError
+except ImportError:
+    # from python2.7:subprocess.py
+    # Exception classes used by this module.
+    class CalledProcessError(Exception):
+        """This exception is raised when a process run by check_call() returns
+        a non-zero exit status.  The exit status will be stored in the
+        returncode attribute."""
+        def __init__(self, returncode, cmd):
+            self.returncode = returncode
+            self.cmd = cmd
+        def __str__(self):
+            return "Command '%s' returned non-zero exit status %d" % (self.cmd, self.returncode)
 
 verbose = False
 
@@ -53,12 +79,27 @@
         real_cmd += cmd
     return real_cmd
 
-def chdir(dir):
-    # P4 uses the PWD environment variable rather than getcwd(). Since we're
-    # not using the shell, we have to set it ourselves.  This path could
-    # be relative, so go there first, then figure out where we ended up.
-    os.chdir(dir)
-    os.environ['PWD'] = os.getcwd()
+def chdir(path, is_client_path=False):
+    """Do chdir to the given path, and set the PWD environment
+       variable for use by P4.  It does not look at getcwd() output.
+       Since we're not using the shell, it is necessary to set the
+       PWD environment variable explicitly.
+
+       Normally, expand the path to force it to be absolute.  This
+       addresses the use of relative path names inside P4 settings,
+       e.g. P4CONFIG=.p4config.  P4 does not simply open the filename
+       as given; it looks for .p4config using PWD.
+
+       If is_client_path, the path was handed to us directly by p4,
+       and may be a symbolic link.  Do not call os.getcwd() in this
+       case, because it will cause p4 to think that PWD is not inside
+       the client path.
+       """
+
+    os.chdir(path)
+    if not is_client_path:
+        path = os.getcwd()
+    os.environ['PWD'] = path
 
 def die(msg):
     if verbose:
@@ -120,17 +161,65 @@
     real_cmd = p4_build_cmd(c)
     return read_pipe_lines(real_cmd)
 
+def p4_has_command(cmd):
+    """Ask p4 for help on this command.  If it returns an error, the
+       command does not exist in this version of p4."""
+    real_cmd = p4_build_cmd(["help", cmd])
+    p = subprocess.Popen(real_cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+                                   stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+    p.communicate()
+    return p.returncode == 0
+
+def p4_has_move_command():
+    """See if the move command exists, that it supports -k, and that
+       it has not been administratively disabled.  The arguments
+       must be correct, but the filenames do not have to exist.  Use
+       ones with wildcards so even if they exist, it will fail."""
+
+    if not p4_has_command("move"):
+        return False
+    cmd = p4_build_cmd(["move", "-k", "@from", "@to"])
+    p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+    (out, err) = p.communicate()
+    # return code will be 1 in either case
+    if err.find("Invalid option") >= 0:
+        return False
+    if err.find("disabled") >= 0:
+        return False
+    # assume it failed because @... was invalid changelist
+    return True
+
 def system(cmd):
     expand = isinstance(cmd,basestring)
     if verbose:
         sys.stderr.write("executing %s\n" % str(cmd))
-    subprocess.check_call(cmd, shell=expand)
+    retcode = subprocess.call(cmd, shell=expand)
+    if retcode:
+        raise CalledProcessError(retcode, cmd)
 
 def p4_system(cmd):
     """Specifically invoke p4 as the system command. """
     real_cmd = p4_build_cmd(cmd)
     expand = isinstance(real_cmd, basestring)
-    subprocess.check_call(real_cmd, shell=expand)
+    retcode = subprocess.call(real_cmd, shell=expand)
+    if retcode:
+        raise CalledProcessError(retcode, real_cmd)
+
+_p4_version_string = None
+def p4_version_string():
+    """Read the version string, showing just the last line, which
+       hopefully is the interesting version bit.
+
+       $ p4 -V
+       Perforce - The Fast Software Configuration Management System.
+       Copyright 1995-2011 Perforce Software.  All rights reserved.
+       Rev. P4/NTX86/2011.1/393975 (2011/12/16).
+    """
+    global _p4_version_string
+    if not _p4_version_string:
+        a = p4_read_pipe_lines(["-V"])
+        _p4_version_string = a[-1].rstrip()
+    return _p4_version_string
 
 def p4_integrate(src, dest):
     p4_system(["integrate", "-Dt", wildcard_encode(src), wildcard_encode(dest)])
@@ -157,6 +246,32 @@
 def p4_reopen(type, f):
     p4_system(["reopen", "-t", type, wildcard_encode(f)])
 
+def p4_move(src, dest):
+    p4_system(["move", "-k", wildcard_encode(src), wildcard_encode(dest)])
+
+def p4_describe(change):
+    """Make sure it returns a valid result by checking for
+       the presence of field "time".  Return a dict of the
+       results."""
+
+    ds = p4CmdList(["describe", "-s", str(change)])
+    if len(ds) != 1:
+        die("p4 describe -s %d did not return 1 result: %s" % (change, str(ds)))
+
+    d = ds[0]
+
+    if "p4ExitCode" in d:
+        die("p4 describe -s %d exited with %d: %s" % (change, d["p4ExitCode"],
+                                                      str(d)))
+    if "code" in d:
+        if d["code"] == "error":
+            die("p4 describe -s %d returned error code: %s" % (change, str(d)))
+
+    if "time" not in d:
+        die("p4 describe -s %d returned no \"time\": %s" % (change, str(d)))
+
+    return d
+
 #
 # Canonicalize the p4 type and return a tuple of the
 # base type, plus any modifiers.  See "p4 help filetypes"
@@ -215,7 +330,7 @@
         pattern = r"""
             \$              # Starts with a dollar, followed by...
             (%s)            # one of the keywords, followed by...
-            (:[^$]+)?       # possibly an old expansion, followed by...
+            (:[^$\n]+)?     # possibly an old expansion, followed by...
             \$              # another dollar
             """ % kwords
         return pattern
@@ -479,43 +594,75 @@
     return proc.wait() == 0;
 
 _gitConfig = {}
-def gitConfig(key, args = None): # set args to "--bool", for instance
+
+def gitConfig(key):
     if not _gitConfig.has_key(key):
-        argsFilter = ""
-        if args != None:
-            argsFilter = "%s " % args
-        cmd = "git config %s%s" % (argsFilter, key)
-        _gitConfig[key] = read_pipe(cmd, ignore_error=True).strip()
+        cmd = [ "git", "config", key ]
+        s = read_pipe(cmd, ignore_error=True)
+        _gitConfig[key] = s.strip()
+    return _gitConfig[key]
+
+def gitConfigBool(key):
+    """Return a bool, using git config --bool.  It is True only if the
+       variable is set to true, and False if set to false or not present
+       in the config."""
+
+    if not _gitConfig.has_key(key):
+        cmd = [ "git", "config", "--bool", key ]
+        s = read_pipe(cmd, ignore_error=True)
+        v = s.strip()
+        _gitConfig[key] = v == "true"
     return _gitConfig[key]
 
 def gitConfigList(key):
     if not _gitConfig.has_key(key):
-        _gitConfig[key] = read_pipe("git config --get-all %s" % key, ignore_error=True).strip().split(os.linesep)
+        s = read_pipe(["git", "config", "--get-all", key], ignore_error=True)
+        _gitConfig[key] = s.strip().split(os.linesep)
     return _gitConfig[key]
 
-def p4BranchesInGit(branchesAreInRemotes = True):
+def p4BranchesInGit(branchesAreInRemotes=True):
+    """Find all the branches whose names start with "p4/", looking
+       in remotes or heads as specified by the argument.  Return
+       a dictionary of { branch: revision } for each one found.
+       The branch names are the short names, without any
+       "p4/" prefix."""
+
     branches = {}
 
     cmdline = "git rev-parse --symbolic "
     if branchesAreInRemotes:
-        cmdline += " --remotes"
+        cmdline += "--remotes"
     else:
-        cmdline += " --branches"
+        cmdline += "--branches"
 
     for line in read_pipe_lines(cmdline):
         line = line.strip()
 
-        ## only import to p4/
-        if not line.startswith('p4/') or line == "p4/HEAD":
+        # only import to p4/
+        if not line.startswith('p4/'):
             continue
-        branch = line
+        # special symbolic ref to p4/master
+        if line == "p4/HEAD":
+            continue
 
-        # strip off p4
-        branch = re.sub ("^p4/", "", line)
+        # strip off p4/ prefix
+        branch = line[len("p4/"):]
 
         branches[branch] = parseRevision(line)
+
     return branches
 
+def branch_exists(branch):
+    """Make sure that the given ref name really exists."""
+
+    cmd = [ "git", "rev-parse", "--symbolic", "--verify", branch ]
+    p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+    out, _ = p.communicate()
+    if p.returncode:
+        return False
+    # expect exactly one line of output: the branch name
+    return out.rstrip() == branch
+
 def findUpstreamBranchPoint(head = "HEAD"):
     branches = p4BranchesInGit()
     # map from depot-path to branch name
@@ -617,8 +764,7 @@
     #
     # we may or may not have a problem. If you have core.ignorecase=true,
     # we treat DirA and dira as the same directory
-    ignorecase = gitConfig("core.ignorecase", "--bool") == "true"
-    if ignorecase:
+    if gitConfigBool("core.ignorecase"):
         return path.lower().startswith(prefix.lower())
     return path.startswith(prefix)
 
@@ -688,7 +834,8 @@
     return path
 
 def wildcard_present(path):
-    return path.translate(None, "*#@%") != path
+    m = re.search("[*#@%]", path)
+    return m is not None
 
 class Command:
     def __init__(self):
@@ -832,6 +979,9 @@
         return True
 
 class P4Submit(Command, P4UserMap):
+
+    conflict_behavior_choices = ("ask", "skip", "quit")
+
     def __init__(self):
         Command.__init__(self)
         P4UserMap.__init__(self)
@@ -841,23 +991,57 @@
                 # preserve the user, requires relevant p4 permissions
                 optparse.make_option("--preserve-user", dest="preserveUser", action="store_true"),
                 optparse.make_option("--export-labels", dest="exportLabels", action="store_true"),
+                optparse.make_option("--dry-run", "-n", dest="dry_run", action="store_true"),
+                optparse.make_option("--prepare-p4-only", dest="prepare_p4_only", action="store_true"),
+                optparse.make_option("--conflict", dest="conflict_behavior",
+                                     choices=self.conflict_behavior_choices),
+                optparse.make_option("--branch", dest="branch"),
         ]
         self.description = "Submit changes from git to the perforce depot."
         self.usage += " [name of git branch to submit into perforce depot]"
-        self.interactive = True
         self.origin = ""
         self.detectRenames = False
-        self.preserveUser = gitConfig("git-p4.preserveUser").lower() == "true"
+        self.preserveUser = gitConfigBool("git-p4.preserveUser")
+        self.dry_run = False
+        self.prepare_p4_only = False
+        self.conflict_behavior = None
         self.isWindows = (platform.system() == "Windows")
         self.exportLabels = False
+        self.p4HasMoveCommand = p4_has_move_command()
+        self.branch = None
 
     def check(self):
         if len(p4CmdList("opened ...")) > 0:
             die("You have files opened with perforce! Close them before starting the sync.")
 
-    # replaces everything between 'Description:' and the next P4 submit template field with the
-    # commit message
-    def prepareLogMessage(self, template, message):
+    def separate_jobs_from_description(self, message):
+        """Extract and return a possible Jobs field in the commit
+           message.  It goes into a separate section in the p4 change
+           specification.
+
+           A jobs line starts with "Jobs:" and looks like a new field
+           in a form.  Values are white-space separated on the same
+           line or on following lines that start with a tab.
+
+           This does not parse and extract the full git commit message
+           like a p4 form.  It just sees the Jobs: line as a marker
+           to pass everything from then on directly into the p4 form,
+           but outside the description section.
+
+           Return a tuple (stripped log message, jobs string)."""
+
+        m = re.search(r'^Jobs:', message, re.MULTILINE)
+        if m is None:
+            return (message, None)
+
+        jobtext = message[m.start():]
+        stripped_message = message[:m.start()].rstrip()
+        return (stripped_message, jobtext)
+
+    def prepareLogMessage(self, template, message, jobs):
+        """Edits the template returned from "p4 change -o" to insert
+           the message in the Description field, and the jobs text in
+           the Jobs field."""
         result = ""
 
         inDescriptionSection = False
@@ -870,6 +1054,9 @@
             if inDescriptionSection:
                 if line.startswith("Files:") or line.startswith("Jobs:"):
                     inDescriptionSection = False
+                    # insert Jobs section
+                    if jobs:
+                        result += jobs + "\n"
                 else:
                     continue
             else:
@@ -909,7 +1096,8 @@
     def p4UserForCommit(self,id):
         # Return the tuple (perforce user,git email) for a given git commit id
         self.getUserMapFromPerforceServer()
-        gitEmail = read_pipe("git log --max-count=1 --format='%%ae' %s" % id)
+        gitEmail = read_pipe(["git", "log", "--max-count=1",
+                              "--format=%ae", id])
         gitEmail = gitEmail.strip()
         if not self.emails.has_key(gitEmail):
             return (None,gitEmail)
@@ -922,7 +1110,7 @@
             (user,email) = self.p4UserForCommit(id)
             if not user:
                 msg = "Cannot find p4 user for email %s in commit %s." % (email, id)
-                if gitConfig('git-p4.allowMissingP4Users').lower() == "true":
+                if gitConfigBool("git-p4.allowMissingP4Users"):
                     print "%s" % msg
                 else:
                     die("Error: %s\nSet git-p4.allowMissingP4Users to true to allow this." % msg)
@@ -981,7 +1169,13 @@
         return 0
 
     def prepareSubmitTemplate(self):
-        # remove lines in the Files section that show changes to files outside the depot path we're committing into
+        """Run "p4 change -o" to grab a change specification template.
+           This does not use "p4 -G", as it is nice to keep the submission
+           template in original order, since a human might edit it.
+
+           Remove lines in the Files section that show changes to files
+           outside the depot path we're committing into."""
+
         template = ""
         inFilesSection = False
         for line in p4_read_pipe_lines(['change', '-o']):
@@ -1011,7 +1205,7 @@
            message.  Return true if okay to continue with the submit."""
 
         # if configured to skip the editing part, just submit
-        if gitConfig("git-p4.skipSubmitEdit") == "true":
+        if gitConfigBool("git-p4.skipSubmitEdit"):
             return True
 
         # look at the modification time, to check later if the user saved
@@ -1027,7 +1221,7 @@
 
         # If the file was not saved, prompt to see if this patch should
         # be skipped.  But skip this verification step if configured so.
-        if gitConfig("git-p4.skipSubmitEditCheck") == "true":
+        if gitConfigBool("git-p4.skipSubmitEditCheck"):
             return True
 
         # modification time updated means user saved the file
@@ -1042,31 +1236,14 @@
                 return False
 
     def applyCommit(self, id):
-        print "Applying %s" % (read_pipe("git log --max-count=1 --pretty=oneline %s" % id))
+        """Apply one commit, return True if it succeeded."""
+
+        print "Applying", read_pipe(["git", "show", "-s",
+                                     "--format=format:%h %s", id])
 
         (p4User, gitEmail) = self.p4UserForCommit(id)
 
-        if not self.detectRenames:
-            # If not explicitly set check the config variable
-            self.detectRenames = gitConfig("git-p4.detectRenames")
-
-        if self.detectRenames.lower() == "false" or self.detectRenames == "":
-            diffOpts = ""
-        elif self.detectRenames.lower() == "true":
-            diffOpts = "-M"
-        else:
-            diffOpts = "-M%s" % self.detectRenames
-
-        detectCopies = gitConfig("git-p4.detectCopies")
-        if detectCopies.lower() == "true":
-            diffOpts += " -C"
-        elif detectCopies != "" and detectCopies.lower() != "false":
-            diffOpts += " -C%s" % detectCopies
-
-        if gitConfig("git-p4.detectCopiesHarder", "--bool") == "true":
-            diffOpts += " --find-copies-harder"
-
-        diff = read_pipe_lines("git diff-tree -r %s \"%s^\" \"%s\"" % (diffOpts, id, id))
+        diff = read_pipe_lines("git diff-tree -r %s \"%s^\" \"%s\"" % (self.diffOpts, id, id))
         filesToAdd = set()
         filesToDelete = set()
         editedFiles = set()
@@ -1102,21 +1279,32 @@
                     p4_edit(dest)
                     pureRenameCopy.discard(dest)
                     filesToChangeExecBit[dest] = diff['dst_mode']
+                if self.isWindows:
+                    # turn off read-only attribute
+                    os.chmod(dest, stat.S_IWRITE)
                 os.unlink(dest)
                 editedFiles.add(dest)
             elif modifier == "R":
                 src, dest = diff['src'], diff['dst']
-                p4_integrate(src, dest)
-                if diff['src_sha1'] != diff['dst_sha1']:
-                    p4_edit(dest)
+                if self.p4HasMoveCommand:
+                    p4_edit(src)        # src must be open before move
+                    p4_move(src, dest)  # opens for (move/delete, move/add)
                 else:
-                    pureRenameCopy.add(dest)
+                    p4_integrate(src, dest)
+                    if diff['src_sha1'] != diff['dst_sha1']:
+                        p4_edit(dest)
+                    else:
+                        pureRenameCopy.add(dest)
                 if isModeExecChanged(diff['src_mode'], diff['dst_mode']):
-                    p4_edit(dest)
+                    if not self.p4HasMoveCommand:
+                        p4_edit(dest)   # with move: already open, writable
                     filesToChangeExecBit[dest] = diff['dst_mode']
-                os.unlink(dest)
+                if not self.p4HasMoveCommand:
+                    if self.isWindows:
+                        os.chmod(dest, stat.S_IWRITE)
+                    os.unlink(dest)
+                    filesToDelete.add(src)
                 editedFiles.add(dest)
-                filesToDelete.add(src)
             else:
                 die("unknown modifier %s for %s" % (modifier, path))
 
@@ -1133,7 +1321,7 @@
 
             # Patch failed, maybe it's just RCS keyword woes. Look through
             # the patch to see if that's possible.
-            if gitConfig("git-p4.attemptRCSCleanup","--bool") == "true":
+            if gitConfigBool("git-p4.attemptRCSCleanup"):
                 file = None
                 pattern = None
                 kwfiles = {}
@@ -1154,6 +1342,10 @@
                 for file in kwfiles:
                     if verbose:
                         print "zapping %s with %s" % (line,pattern)
+                    # File is being deleted, so not open in p4.  Must
+                    # disable the read-only bit on windows.
+                    if self.isWindows and file not in editedFiles:
+                        os.chmod(file, stat.S_IWRITE)
                     self.patchRCSKeywords(file, kwfiles[file])
                     fixed_rcs_keywords = True
 
@@ -1163,34 +1355,13 @@
                     patch_succeeded = True
 
         if not patch_succeeded:
-            print "What do you want to do?"
-            response = "x"
-            while response != "s" and response != "a" and response != "w":
-                response = raw_input("[s]kip this patch / [a]pply the patch forcibly "
-                                     "and with .rej files / [w]rite the patch to a file (patch.txt) ")
-            if response == "s":
-                print "Skipping! Good luck with the next patches..."
-                for f in editedFiles:
-                    p4_revert(f)
-                for f in filesToAdd:
-                    os.remove(f)
-                return
-            elif response == "a":
-                os.system(applyPatchCmd)
-                if len(filesToAdd) > 0:
-                    print "You may also want to call p4 add on the following files:"
-                    print " ".join(filesToAdd)
-                if len(filesToDelete):
-                    print "The following files should be scheduled for deletion with p4 delete:"
-                    print " ".join(filesToDelete)
-                die("Please resolve and submit the conflict manually and "
-                    + "continue afterwards with git p4 submit --continue")
-            elif response == "w":
-                system(diffcmd + " > patch.txt")
-                print "Patch saved to patch.txt in %s !" % self.clientPath
-                die("Please resolve and submit the conflict manually and "
-                    "continue afterwards with git p4 submit --continue")
+            for f in editedFiles:
+                p4_revert(f)
+            return False
 
+        #
+        # Apply the patch for real, and do add/delete/+x handling.
+        #
         system(applyPatchCmd)
 
         for f in filesToAdd:
@@ -1204,91 +1375,132 @@
             mode = filesToChangeExecBit[f]
             setP4ExecBit(f, mode)
 
+        #
+        # Build p4 change description, starting with the contents
+        # of the git commit message.
+        #
         logMessage = extractLogMessageFromGitCommit(id)
         logMessage = logMessage.strip()
+        (logMessage, jobs) = self.separate_jobs_from_description(logMessage)
 
         template = self.prepareSubmitTemplate()
+        submitTemplate = self.prepareLogMessage(template, logMessage, jobs)
 
-        if self.interactive:
-            submitTemplate = self.prepareLogMessage(template, logMessage)
+        if self.preserveUser:
+           submitTemplate += "\n######## Actual user %s, modified after commit\n" % p4User
+
+        if self.checkAuthorship and not self.p4UserIsMe(p4User):
+            submitTemplate += "######## git author %s does not match your p4 account.\n" % gitEmail
+            submitTemplate += "######## Use option --preserve-user to modify authorship.\n"
+            submitTemplate += "######## Variable git-p4.skipUserNameCheck hides this message.\n"
+
+        separatorLine = "######## everything below this line is just the diff #######\n"
+
+        # diff
+        if os.environ.has_key("P4DIFF"):
+            del(os.environ["P4DIFF"])
+        diff = ""
+        for editedFile in editedFiles:
+            diff += p4_read_pipe(['diff', '-du',
+                                  wildcard_encode(editedFile)])
+
+        # new file diff
+        newdiff = ""
+        for newFile in filesToAdd:
+            newdiff += "==== new file ====\n"
+            newdiff += "--- /dev/null\n"
+            newdiff += "+++ %s\n" % newFile
+            f = open(newFile, "r")
+            for line in f.readlines():
+                newdiff += "+" + line
+            f.close()
+
+        # change description file: submitTemplate, separatorLine, diff, newdiff
+        (handle, fileName) = tempfile.mkstemp()
+        tmpFile = os.fdopen(handle, "w+")
+        if self.isWindows:
+            submitTemplate = submitTemplate.replace("\n", "\r\n")
+            separatorLine = separatorLine.replace("\n", "\r\n")
+            newdiff = newdiff.replace("\n", "\r\n")
+        tmpFile.write(submitTemplate + separatorLine + diff + newdiff)
+        tmpFile.close()
+
+        if self.prepare_p4_only:
+            #
+            # Leave the p4 tree prepared, and the submit template around
+            # and let the user decide what to do next
+            #
+            print
+            print "P4 workspace prepared for submission."
+            print "To submit or revert, go to client workspace"
+            print "  " + self.clientPath
+            print
+            print "To submit, use \"p4 submit\" to write a new description,"
+            print "or \"p4 submit -i %s\" to use the one prepared by" \
+                  " \"git p4\"." % fileName
+            print "You can delete the file \"%s\" when finished." % fileName
+
+            if self.preserveUser and p4User and not self.p4UserIsMe(p4User):
+                print "To preserve change ownership by user %s, you must\n" \
+                      "do \"p4 change -f <change>\" after submitting and\n" \
+                      "edit the User field."
+            if pureRenameCopy:
+                print "After submitting, renamed files must be re-synced."
+                print "Invoke \"p4 sync -f\" on each of these files:"
+                for f in pureRenameCopy:
+                    print "  " + f
+
+            print
+            print "To revert the changes, use \"p4 revert ...\", and delete"
+            print "the submit template file \"%s\"" % fileName
+            if filesToAdd:
+                print "Since the commit adds new files, they must be deleted:"
+                for f in filesToAdd:
+                    print "  " + f
+            print
+            return True
+
+        #
+        # Let the user edit the change description, then submit it.
+        #
+        if self.edit_template(fileName):
+            # read the edited message and submit
+            ret = True
+            tmpFile = open(fileName, "rb")
+            message = tmpFile.read()
+            tmpFile.close()
+            submitTemplate = message[:message.index(separatorLine)]
+            if self.isWindows:
+                submitTemplate = submitTemplate.replace("\r\n", "\n")
+            p4_write_pipe(['submit', '-i'], submitTemplate)
 
             if self.preserveUser:
-               submitTemplate = submitTemplate + ("\n######## Actual user %s, modified after commit\n" % p4User)
+                if p4User:
+                    # Get last changelist number. Cannot easily get it from
+                    # the submit command output as the output is
+                    # unmarshalled.
+                    changelist = self.lastP4Changelist()
+                    self.modifyChangelistUser(changelist, p4User)
 
-            if os.environ.has_key("P4DIFF"):
-                del(os.environ["P4DIFF"])
-            diff = ""
-            for editedFile in editedFiles:
-                diff += p4_read_pipe(['diff', '-du',
-                                      wildcard_encode(editedFile)])
+            # The rename/copy happened by applying a patch that created a
+            # new file.  This leaves it writable, which confuses p4.
+            for f in pureRenameCopy:
+                p4_sync(f, "-f")
 
-            newdiff = ""
-            for newFile in filesToAdd:
-                newdiff += "==== new file ====\n"
-                newdiff += "--- /dev/null\n"
-                newdiff += "+++ %s\n" % newFile
-                f = open(newFile, "r")
-                for line in f.readlines():
-                    newdiff += "+" + line
-                f.close()
-
-            if self.checkAuthorship and not self.p4UserIsMe(p4User):
-                submitTemplate += "######## git author %s does not match your p4 account.\n" % gitEmail
-                submitTemplate += "######## Use option --preserve-user to modify authorship.\n"
-                submitTemplate += "######## Variable git-p4.skipUserNameCheck hides this message.\n"
-
-            separatorLine = "######## everything below this line is just the diff #######\n"
-
-            (handle, fileName) = tempfile.mkstemp()
-            tmpFile = os.fdopen(handle, "w+")
-            if self.isWindows:
-                submitTemplate = submitTemplate.replace("\n", "\r\n")
-                separatorLine = separatorLine.replace("\n", "\r\n")
-                newdiff = newdiff.replace("\n", "\r\n")
-            tmpFile.write(submitTemplate + separatorLine + diff + newdiff)
-            tmpFile.close()
-
-            if self.edit_template(fileName):
-                # read the edited message and submit
-                tmpFile = open(fileName, "rb")
-                message = tmpFile.read()
-                tmpFile.close()
-                submitTemplate = message[:message.index(separatorLine)]
-                if self.isWindows:
-                    submitTemplate = submitTemplate.replace("\r\n", "\n")
-                p4_write_pipe(['submit', '-i'], submitTemplate)
-
-                if self.preserveUser:
-                    if p4User:
-                        # Get last changelist number. Cannot easily get it from
-                        # the submit command output as the output is
-                        # unmarshalled.
-                        changelist = self.lastP4Changelist()
-                        self.modifyChangelistUser(changelist, p4User)
-
-                # The rename/copy happened by applying a patch that created a
-                # new file.  This leaves it writable, which confuses p4.
-                for f in pureRenameCopy:
-                    p4_sync(f, "-f")
-
-            else:
-                # skip this patch
-                print "Submission cancelled, undoing p4 changes."
-                for f in editedFiles:
-                    p4_revert(f)
-                for f in filesToAdd:
-                    p4_revert(f)
-                    os.remove(f)
-
-            os.remove(fileName)
         else:
-            fileName = "submit.txt"
-            file = open(fileName, "w+")
-            file.write(self.prepareLogMessage(template, logMessage))
-            file.close()
-            print ("Perforce submit template written as %s. "
-                   + "Please review/edit and then use p4 submit -i < %s to submit directly!"
-                   % (fileName, fileName))
+            # skip this patch
+            ret = False
+            print "Submission cancelled, undoing p4 changes."
+            for f in editedFiles:
+                p4_revert(f)
+            for f in filesToAdd:
+                p4_revert(f)
+                os.remove(f)
+            for f in filesToDelete:
+                p4_revert(f)
+
+        os.remove(fileName)
+        return ret
 
     # Export git tags as p4 labels. Create a p4 label and then tag
     # with that.
@@ -1346,14 +1558,20 @@
             for mapping in clientSpec.mappings:
                 labelTemplate += "\t%s\n" % mapping.depot_side.path
 
-            p4_write_pipe(["label", "-i"], labelTemplate)
+            if self.dry_run:
+                print "Would create p4 label %s for tag" % name
+            elif self.prepare_p4_only:
+                print "Not creating p4 label %s for tag due to option" \
+                      " --prepare-p4-only" % name
+            else:
+                p4_write_pipe(["label", "-i"], labelTemplate)
 
-            # Use the label
-            p4_system(["tag", "-l", name] +
-                      ["%s@%s" % (mapping.depot_side.path, changelist) for mapping in clientSpec.mappings])
+                # Use the label
+                p4_system(["tag", "-l", name] +
+                          ["%s@%s" % (mapping.depot_side.path, changelist) for mapping in clientSpec.mappings])
 
-            if verbose:
-                print "created p4 label for tag %s" % name
+                if verbose:
+                    print "created p4 label for tag %s" % name
 
     def run(self, args):
         if len(args) == 0:
@@ -1380,6 +1598,16 @@
             if not self.canChangeChangelists():
                 die("Cannot preserve user names without p4 super-user or admin permissions")
 
+        # if not set from the command line, try the config file
+        if self.conflict_behavior is None:
+            val = gitConfig("git-p4.conflict")
+            if val:
+                if val not in self.conflict_behavior_choices:
+                    die("Invalid value '%s' for config git-p4.conflict" % val)
+            else:
+                val = "ask"
+            self.conflict_behavior = val
+
         if self.verbose:
             print "Origin branch is " + self.origin
 
@@ -1388,7 +1616,7 @@
             sys.exit(128)
 
         self.useClientSpec = False
-        if gitConfig("git-p4.useclientspec", "--bool") == "true":
+        if gitConfigBool("git-p4.useclientspec"):
             self.useClientSpec = True
         if self.useClientSpec:
             self.clientSpecDirs = getClientSpec()
@@ -1411,21 +1639,24 @@
             new_client_dir = True
             os.makedirs(self.clientPath)
 
-        chdir(self.clientPath)
-        print "Synchronizing p4 checkout..."
-        if new_client_dir:
-            # old one was destroyed, and maybe nobody told p4
-            p4_sync("...", "-f")
+        chdir(self.clientPath, is_client_path=True)
+        if self.dry_run:
+            print "Would synchronize p4 checkout in %s" % self.clientPath
         else:
-            p4_sync("...")
+            print "Synchronizing p4 checkout..."
+            if new_client_dir:
+                # old one was destroyed, and maybe nobody told p4
+                p4_sync("...", "-f")
+            else:
+                p4_sync("...")
         self.check()
 
         commits = []
-        for line in read_pipe_lines("git rev-list --no-merges %s..%s" % (self.origin, self.master)):
+        for line in read_pipe_lines(["git", "rev-list", "--no-merges", "%s..%s" % (self.origin, self.master)]):
             commits.append(line.strip())
         commits.reverse()
 
-        if self.preserveUser or (gitConfig("git-p4.skipUserNameCheck") == "true"):
+        if self.preserveUser or gitConfigBool("git-p4.skipUserNameCheck"):
             self.checkAuthorship = False
         else:
             self.checkAuthorship = True
@@ -1433,24 +1664,119 @@
         if self.preserveUser:
             self.checkValidP4Users(commits)
 
-        while len(commits) > 0:
-            commit = commits[0]
-            commits = commits[1:]
-            self.applyCommit(commit)
-            if not self.interactive:
-                break
+        #
+        # Build up a set of options to be passed to diff when
+        # submitting each commit to p4.
+        #
+        if self.detectRenames:
+            # command-line -M arg
+            self.diffOpts = "-M"
+        else:
+            # If not explicitly set check the config variable
+            detectRenames = gitConfig("git-p4.detectRenames")
 
-        if len(commits) == 0:
-            print "All changes applied!"
-            chdir(self.oldWorkingDirectory)
+            if detectRenames.lower() == "false" or detectRenames == "":
+                self.diffOpts = ""
+            elif detectRenames.lower() == "true":
+                self.diffOpts = "-M"
+            else:
+                self.diffOpts = "-M%s" % detectRenames
+
+        # no command-line arg for -C or --find-copies-harder, just
+        # config variables
+        detectCopies = gitConfig("git-p4.detectCopies")
+        if detectCopies.lower() == "false" or detectCopies == "":
+            pass
+        elif detectCopies.lower() == "true":
+            self.diffOpts += " -C"
+        else:
+            self.diffOpts += " -C%s" % detectCopies
+
+        if gitConfigBool("git-p4.detectCopiesHarder"):
+            self.diffOpts += " --find-copies-harder"
+
+        #
+        # Apply the commits, one at a time.  On failure, ask if should
+        # continue to try the rest of the patches, or quit.
+        #
+        if self.dry_run:
+            print "Would apply"
+        applied = []
+        last = len(commits) - 1
+        for i, commit in enumerate(commits):
+            if self.dry_run:
+                print " ", read_pipe(["git", "show", "-s",
+                                      "--format=format:%h %s", commit])
+                ok = True
+            else:
+                ok = self.applyCommit(commit)
+            if ok:
+                applied.append(commit)
+            else:
+                if self.prepare_p4_only and i < last:
+                    print "Processing only the first commit due to option" \
+                          " --prepare-p4-only"
+                    break
+                if i < last:
+                    quit = False
+                    while True:
+                        # prompt for what to do, or use the option/variable
+                        if self.conflict_behavior == "ask":
+                            print "What do you want to do?"
+                            response = raw_input("[s]kip this commit but apply"
+                                                 " the rest, or [q]uit? ")
+                            if not response:
+                                continue
+                        elif self.conflict_behavior == "skip":
+                            response = "s"
+                        elif self.conflict_behavior == "quit":
+                            response = "q"
+                        else:
+                            die("Unknown conflict_behavior '%s'" %
+                                self.conflict_behavior)
+
+                        if response[0] == "s":
+                            print "Skipping this commit, but applying the rest"
+                            break
+                        if response[0] == "q":
+                            print "Quitting"
+                            quit = True
+                            break
+                    if quit:
+                        break
+
+        chdir(self.oldWorkingDirectory)
+
+        if self.dry_run:
+            pass
+        elif self.prepare_p4_only:
+            pass
+        elif len(commits) == len(applied):
+            print "All commits applied!"
 
             sync = P4Sync()
+            if self.branch:
+                sync.branch = self.branch
             sync.run([])
 
             rebase = P4Rebase()
             rebase.rebase()
 
-        if gitConfig("git-p4.exportLabels", "--bool") == "true":
+        else:
+            if len(applied) == 0:
+                print "No commits applied."
+            else:
+                print "Applied only the commits marked with '*':"
+                for c in commits:
+                    if c in applied:
+                        star = "*"
+                    else:
+                        star = " "
+                    print star, read_pipe(["git", "show", "-s",
+                                           "--format=format:%h %s",  c])
+                print "You will have to do 'git p4 sync' and rebase."
+
+        if gitConfigBool("git-p4.exportLabels"):
             self.exportLabels = True
 
         if self.exportLabels:
@@ -1460,6 +1786,10 @@
             missingGitTags = gitTags - p4Labels
             self.exportGitTags(missingGitTags)
 
+        # exit with error unless everything applied perfecly
+        if len(commits) != len(applied):
+                sys.exit(1)
+
         return True
 
 class View(object):
@@ -1716,7 +2046,6 @@
         self.syncWithOrigin = True
         self.importIntoRemotes = True
         self.maxChanges = ""
-        self.isWindows = (platform.system() == "Windows")
         self.keepRepoPath = False
         self.depotPaths = None
         self.p4BranchesInGit = []
@@ -1766,19 +2095,41 @@
         return files
 
     def stripRepoPath(self, path, prefixes):
+        """When streaming files, this is called to map a p4 depot path
+           to where it should go in git.  The prefixes are either
+           self.depotPaths, or self.branchPrefixes in the case of
+           branch detection."""
+
         if self.useClientSpec:
-            return self.clientSpecDirs.map_in_client(path)
+            # branch detection moves files up a level (the branch name)
+            # from what client spec interpretation gives
+            path = self.clientSpecDirs.map_in_client(path)
+            if self.detectBranches:
+                for b in self.knownBranches:
+                    if path.startswith(b + "/"):
+                        path = path[len(b)+1:]
 
-        if self.keepRepoPath:
-            prefixes = [re.sub("^(//[^/]+/).*", r'\1', prefixes[0])]
+        elif self.keepRepoPath:
+            # Preserve everything in relative path name except leading
+            # //depot/; just look at first prefix as they all should
+            # be in the same depot.
+            depot = re.sub("^(//[^/]+/).*", r'\1', prefixes[0])
+            if p4PathStartsWith(path, depot):
+                path = path[len(depot):]
 
-        for p in prefixes:
-            if p4PathStartsWith(path, p):
-                path = path[len(p):]
+        else:
+            for p in prefixes:
+                if p4PathStartsWith(path, p):
+                    path = path[len(p):]
+                    break
 
+        path = wildcard_decode(path)
         return path
 
     def splitFilesIntoBranches(self, commit):
+        """Look at each depotFile in the commit to figure out to what
+           branch it belongs."""
+
         branches = {}
         fnum = 0
         while commit.has_key("depotFile%s" % fnum):
@@ -1796,12 +2147,16 @@
             file["type"] = commit["type%s" % fnum]
             fnum = fnum + 1
 
-            relPath = self.stripRepoPath(path, self.depotPaths)
-            relPath = wildcard_decode(relPath)
+            # start with the full relative path where this file would
+            # go in a p4 client
+            if self.useClientSpec:
+                relPath = self.clientSpecDirs.map_in_client(path)
+            else:
+                relPath = self.stripRepoPath(path, self.depotPaths)
 
             for branch in self.knownBranches.keys():
-
-                # add a trailing slash so that a commit into qt/4.2foo doesn't end up in qt/4.2
+                # add a trailing slash so that a commit into qt/4.2foo
+                # doesn't end up in qt/4.2, e.g.
                 if relPath.startswith(branch + "/"):
                     if branch not in branches:
                         branches[branch] = []
@@ -1815,7 +2170,6 @@
 
     def streamOneP4File(self, file, contents):
         relPath = self.stripRepoPath(file['depotFile'], self.branchPrefixes)
-        relPath = wildcard_decode(relPath)
         if verbose:
             sys.stderr.write("%s\n" % relPath)
 
@@ -1836,7 +2190,14 @@
             # operations.  utf16 is converted to ascii or utf8, perhaps.
             # But ascii text saved as -t utf16 is completely mangled.
             # Invoke print -o to get the real contents.
+            #
+            # On windows, the newlines will always be mangled by print, so put
+            # them back too.  This is not needed to the cygwin windows version,
+            # just the native "NT" type.
+            #
             text = p4_read_pipe(['print', '-q', '-o', '-', file['depotFile']])
+            if p4_version_string().find("/NT") >= 0:
+                text = text.replace("\r\n", "\n")
             contents = [ text ]
 
         if type_base == "apple":
@@ -1852,15 +2213,6 @@
             print "\nIgnoring apple filetype file %s" % file['depotFile']
             return
 
-        # Perhaps windows wants unicode, utf16 newlines translated too;
-        # but this is not doing it.
-        if self.isWindows and type_base == "text":
-            mangled = []
-            for data in contents:
-                data = data.replace("\r\n", "\n")
-                mangled.append(data)
-            contents = mangled
-
         # Note that we do not try to de-mangle keywords on utf16 files,
         # even though in theory somebody may want that.
         pattern = p4_keywords_regexp_for_type(type_base, type_mods)
@@ -1884,7 +2236,6 @@
 
     def streamOneP4Deletion(self, file):
         relPath = self.stripRepoPath(file['path'], self.branchPrefixes)
-        relPath = wildcard_decode(relPath)
         if verbose:
             sys.stderr.write("delete %s\n" % relPath)
         self.gitStream.write("D %s\n" % relPath)
@@ -1892,6 +2243,29 @@
     # handle another chunk of streaming data
     def streamP4FilesCb(self, marshalled):
 
+        # catch p4 errors and complain
+        err = None
+        if "code" in marshalled:
+            if marshalled["code"] == "error":
+                if "data" in marshalled:
+                    err = marshalled["data"].rstrip()
+        if err:
+            f = None
+            if self.stream_have_file_info:
+                if "depotFile" in self.stream_file:
+                    f = self.stream_file["depotFile"]
+            # force a failure in fast-import, else an empty
+            # commit will be made
+            self.gitStream.write("\n")
+            self.gitStream.write("die-now\n")
+            self.gitStream.close()
+            # ignore errors, but make sure it exits first
+            self.importProcess.wait()
+            if f:
+                die("Error from p4 print for %s: %s" % (f, err))
+            else:
+                die("Error from p4 print: %s" % err)
+
         if marshalled.has_key('depotFile') and self.stream_have_file_info:
             # start of a new file - output the old one first
             self.streamOneP4File(self.stream_file, self.stream_contents)
@@ -1989,10 +2363,9 @@
         gitStream.write(description)
         gitStream.write("\n")
 
-    def commit(self, details, files, branch, branchPrefixes, parent = ""):
+    def commit(self, details, files, branch, parent = ""):
         epoch = details["time"]
         author = details["user"]
-        self.branchPrefixes = branchPrefixes
 
         if self.verbose:
             print "commit into %s" % branch
@@ -2001,7 +2374,7 @@
         # create a commit.
         new_files = []
         for f in files:
-            if [p for p in branchPrefixes if p4PathStartsWith(f['path'], p)]:
+            if [p for p in self.branchPrefixes if p4PathStartsWith(f['path'], p)]:
                 new_files.append (f)
             else:
                 sys.stderr.write("Ignoring file outside of prefix: %s\n" % f['path'])
@@ -2018,8 +2391,8 @@
 
         self.gitStream.write("data <<EOT\n")
         self.gitStream.write(details["desc"])
-        self.gitStream.write("\n[git-p4: depot-paths = \"%s\": change = %s"
-                             % (','.join (branchPrefixes), details["change"]))
+        self.gitStream.write("\n[git-p4: depot-paths = \"%s\": change = %s" %
+                             (','.join(self.branchPrefixes), details["change"]))
         if len(details['options']) > 0:
             self.gitStream.write(": options = %s" % details['options'])
         self.gitStream.write("]\nEOT\n\n")
@@ -2042,7 +2415,7 @@
                 print "Change %s is labelled %s" % (change, labelDetails)
 
             files = p4CmdList(["files"] + ["%s...@%s" % (p, change)
-                                                    for p in branchPrefixes])
+                                                for p in self.branchPrefixes])
 
             if len(files) == len(labelRevisions):
 
@@ -2137,7 +2510,7 @@
                     try:
                         tmwhen = time.strptime(labelDetails['Update'], "%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S")
                     except ValueError:
-                        print "Could not convert label time %s" % labelDetail['Update']
+                        print "Could not convert label time %s" % labelDetails['Update']
                         tmwhen = 1
 
                     when = int(time.mktime(tmwhen))
@@ -2234,13 +2607,6 @@
                 branch = branch[len(self.projectName):]
             self.knownBranches[branch] = branch
 
-    def listExistingP4GitBranches(self):
-        # branches holds mapping from name to commit
-        branches = p4BranchesInGit(self.importIntoRemotes)
-        self.p4BranchesInGit = branches.keys()
-        for branch in branches.keys():
-            self.initialParents[self.refPrefix + branch] = branches[branch]
-
     def updateOptionDict(self, d):
         option_keys = {}
         if self.keepRepoPath:
@@ -2324,7 +2690,8 @@
 
     def searchParent(self, parent, branch, target):
         parentFound = False
-        for blob in read_pipe_lines(["git", "rev-list", "--reverse", "--no-merges", parent]):
+        for blob in read_pipe_lines(["git", "rev-list", "--reverse",
+                                     "--no-merges", parent]):
             blob = blob.strip()
             if len(read_pipe(["git", "diff-tree", blob, target])) == 0:
                 parentFound = True
@@ -2339,7 +2706,7 @@
     def importChanges(self, changes):
         cnt = 1
         for change in changes:
-            description = p4Cmd(["describe", str(change)])
+            description = p4_describe(change)
             self.updateOptionDict(description)
 
             if not self.silent:
@@ -2353,6 +2720,7 @@
                     for branch in branches.keys():
                         ## HACK  --hwn
                         branchPrefix = self.depotPaths[0] + branch + "/"
+                        self.branchPrefixes = [ branchPrefix ]
 
                         parent = ""
 
@@ -2394,23 +2762,24 @@
 
                         blob = None
                         if len(parent) > 0:
-                            tempBranch = os.path.join(self.tempBranchLocation, "%d" % (change))
+                            tempBranch = "%s/%d" % (self.tempBranchLocation, change)
                             if self.verbose:
                                 print "Creating temporary branch: " + tempBranch
-                            self.commit(description, filesForCommit, tempBranch, [branchPrefix])
+                            self.commit(description, filesForCommit, tempBranch)
                             self.tempBranches.append(tempBranch)
                             self.checkpoint()
                             blob = self.searchParent(parent, branch, tempBranch)
                         if blob:
-                            self.commit(description, filesForCommit, branch, [branchPrefix], blob)
+                            self.commit(description, filesForCommit, branch, blob)
                         else:
                             if self.verbose:
                                 print "Parent of %s not found. Committing into head of %s" % (branch, parent)
-                            self.commit(description, filesForCommit, branch, [branchPrefix], parent)
+                            self.commit(description, filesForCommit, branch, parent)
                 else:
                     files = self.extractFilesFromCommit(description)
-                    self.commit(description, files, self.branch, self.depotPaths,
+                    self.commit(description, files, self.branch,
                                 self.initialParent)
+                    # only needed once, to connect to the previous commit
                     self.initialParent = ""
             except IOError:
                 print self.gitError.read()
@@ -2462,18 +2831,12 @@
 
         # Use time from top-most change so that all git p4 clones of
         # the same p4 repo have the same commit SHA1s.
-        res = p4CmdList("describe -s %d" % newestRevision)
-        newestTime = None
-        for r in res:
-            if r.has_key('time'):
-                newestTime = int(r['time'])
-        if newestTime is None:
-            die("\"describe -s\" on newest change %d did not give a time")
-        details["time"] = newestTime
+        res = p4_describe(newestRevision)
+        details["time"] = res["time"]
 
         self.updateOptionDict(details)
         try:
-            self.commit(details, self.extractFilesFromCommit(details), self.branch, self.depotPaths)
+            self.commit(details, self.extractFilesFromCommit(details), self.branch)
         except IOError:
             print "IO error with git fast-import. Is your git version recent enough?"
             print self.gitError.read()
@@ -2482,41 +2845,38 @@
     def run(self, args):
         self.depotPaths = []
         self.changeRange = ""
-        self.initialParent = ""
         self.previousDepotPaths = []
+        self.hasOrigin = False
 
         # map from branch depot path to parent branch
         self.knownBranches = {}
         self.initialParents = {}
-        self.hasOrigin = originP4BranchesExist()
-        if not self.syncWithOrigin:
-            self.hasOrigin = False
 
         if self.importIntoRemotes:
             self.refPrefix = "refs/remotes/p4/"
         else:
             self.refPrefix = "refs/heads/p4/"
 
-        if self.syncWithOrigin and self.hasOrigin:
-            if not self.silent:
-                print "Syncing with origin first by calling git fetch origin"
-            system("git fetch origin")
+        if self.syncWithOrigin:
+            self.hasOrigin = originP4BranchesExist()
+            if self.hasOrigin:
+                if not self.silent:
+                    print 'Syncing with origin first, using "git fetch origin"'
+                system("git fetch origin")
 
+        branch_arg_given = bool(self.branch)
         if len(self.branch) == 0:
             self.branch = self.refPrefix + "master"
             if gitBranchExists("refs/heads/p4") and self.importIntoRemotes:
                 system("git update-ref %s refs/heads/p4" % self.branch)
-                system("git branch -D p4");
-            # create it /after/ importing, when master exists
-            if not gitBranchExists(self.refPrefix + "HEAD") and self.importIntoRemotes and gitBranchExists(self.branch):
-                system("git symbolic-ref %sHEAD %s" % (self.refPrefix, self.branch))
+                system("git branch -D p4")
 
         # accept either the command-line option, or the configuration variable
         if self.useClientSpec:
             # will use this after clone to set the variable
             self.useClientSpec_from_options = True
         else:
-            if gitConfig("git-p4.useclientspec", "--bool") == "true":
+            if gitConfigBool("git-p4.useclientspec"):
                 self.useClientSpec = True
         if self.useClientSpec:
             self.clientSpecDirs = getClientSpec()
@@ -2526,12 +2886,25 @@
         if args == []:
             if self.hasOrigin:
                 createOrUpdateBranchesFromOrigin(self.refPrefix, self.silent)
-            self.listExistingP4GitBranches()
+
+            # branches holds mapping from branch name to sha1
+            branches = p4BranchesInGit(self.importIntoRemotes)
+
+            # restrict to just this one, disabling detect-branches
+            if branch_arg_given:
+                short = self.branch.split("/")[-1]
+                if short in branches:
+                    self.p4BranchesInGit = [ short ]
+            else:
+                self.p4BranchesInGit = branches.keys()
 
             if len(self.p4BranchesInGit) > 1:
                 if not self.silent:
                     print "Importing from/into multiple branches"
                 self.detectBranches = True
+                for branch in branches.keys():
+                    self.initialParents[self.refPrefix + branch] = \
+                        branches[branch]
 
             if self.verbose:
                 print "branches: %s" % self.p4BranchesInGit
@@ -2568,13 +2941,21 @@
             if p4Change > 0:
                 self.depotPaths = sorted(self.previousDepotPaths)
                 self.changeRange = "@%s,#head" % p4Change
-                if not self.detectBranches:
-                    self.initialParent = parseRevision(self.branch)
                 if not self.silent and not self.detectBranches:
                     print "Performing incremental import into %s git branch" % self.branch
 
+        # accept multiple ref name abbreviations:
+        #    refs/foo/bar/branch -> use it exactly
+        #    p4/branch -> prepend refs/remotes/ or refs/heads/
+        #    branch -> prepend refs/remotes/p4/ or refs/heads/p4/
         if not self.branch.startswith("refs/"):
-            self.branch = "refs/heads/" + self.branch
+            if self.importIntoRemotes:
+                prepend = "refs/remotes/"
+            else:
+                prepend = "refs/heads/"
+            if not self.branch.startswith("p4/"):
+                prepend += "p4/"
+            self.branch = prepend + self.branch
 
         if len(args) == 0 and self.depotPaths:
             if not self.silent:
@@ -2631,6 +3012,9 @@
 
         self.depotPaths = newPaths
 
+        # --detect-branches may change this for each branch
+        self.branchPrefixes = self.depotPaths
+
         self.loadUserMapFromCache()
         self.labels = {}
         if self.detectLabels:
@@ -2656,12 +3040,13 @@
 
         self.tz = "%+03d%02d" % (- time.timezone / 3600, ((- time.timezone % 3600) / 60))
 
-        importProcess = subprocess.Popen(["git", "fast-import"],
-                                         stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
-                                         stderr=subprocess.PIPE);
-        self.gitOutput = importProcess.stdout
-        self.gitStream = importProcess.stdin
-        self.gitError = importProcess.stderr
+        self.importProcess = subprocess.Popen(["git", "fast-import"],
+                                              stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
+                                              stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+                                              stderr=subprocess.PIPE);
+        self.gitOutput = self.importProcess.stdout
+        self.gitStream = self.importProcess.stdin
+        self.gitError = self.importProcess.stderr
 
         if revision:
             self.importHeadRevision(revision)
@@ -2681,8 +3066,21 @@
             else:
                 # catch "git p4 sync" with no new branches, in a repo that
                 # does not have any existing p4 branches
-                if len(args) == 0 and not self.p4BranchesInGit:
-                    die("No remote p4 branches.  Perhaps you never did \"git p4 clone\" in here.");
+                if len(args) == 0:
+                    if not self.p4BranchesInGit:
+                        die("No remote p4 branches.  Perhaps you never did \"git p4 clone\" in here.")
+
+                    # The default branch is master, unless --branch is used to
+                    # specify something else.  Make sure it exists, or complain
+                    # nicely about how to use --branch.
+                    if not self.detectBranches:
+                        if not branch_exists(self.branch):
+                            if branch_arg_given:
+                                die("Error: branch %s does not exist." % self.branch)
+                            else:
+                                die("Error: no branch %s; perhaps specify one with --branch." %
+                                    self.branch)
+
                 if self.verbose:
                     print "Getting p4 changes for %s...%s" % (', '.join(self.depotPaths),
                                                               self.changeRange)
@@ -2700,6 +3098,14 @@
 
                 self.updatedBranches = set()
 
+                if not self.detectBranches:
+                    if args:
+                        # start a new branch
+                        self.initialParent = ""
+                    else:
+                        # build on a previous revision
+                        self.initialParent = parseRevision(self.branch)
+
                 self.importChanges(changes)
 
                 if not self.silent:
@@ -2710,7 +3116,7 @@
                             sys.stdout.write("%s " % b)
                         sys.stdout.write("\n")
 
-        if gitConfig("git-p4.importLabels", "--bool") == "true":
+        if gitConfigBool("git-p4.importLabels"):
             self.importLabels = True
 
         if self.importLabels:
@@ -2721,7 +3127,7 @@
             self.importP4Labels(self.gitStream, missingP4Labels)
 
         self.gitStream.close()
-        if importProcess.wait() != 0:
+        if self.importProcess.wait() != 0:
             die("fast-import failed: %s" % self.gitError.read())
         self.gitOutput.close()
         self.gitError.close()
@@ -2732,6 +3138,13 @@
                 read_pipe("git update-ref -d %s" % branch)
             os.rmdir(os.path.join(os.environ.get("GIT_DIR", ".git"), self.tempBranchLocation))
 
+        # Create a symbolic ref p4/HEAD pointing to p4/<branch> to allow
+        # a convenient shortcut refname "p4".
+        if self.importIntoRemotes:
+            head_ref = self.refPrefix + "HEAD"
+            if not gitBranchExists(head_ref) and gitBranchExists(self.branch):
+                system(["git", "symbolic-ref", head_ref, self.branch])
+
         return True
 
 class P4Rebase(Command):
@@ -2821,6 +3234,7 @@
         self.cloneExclude = ["/"+p for p in self.cloneExclude]
         for p in depotPaths:
             if not p.startswith("//"):
+                sys.stderr.write('Depot paths must start with "//": %s\n' % p)
                 return False
 
         if not self.cloneDestination:
@@ -2835,21 +3249,21 @@
         init_cmd = [ "git", "init" ]
         if self.cloneBare:
             init_cmd.append("--bare")
-        subprocess.check_call(init_cmd)
+        retcode = subprocess.call(init_cmd)
+        if retcode:
+            raise CalledProcessError(retcode, init_cmd)
 
         if not P4Sync.run(self, depotPaths):
             return False
-        if self.branch != "master":
-            if self.importIntoRemotes:
-                masterbranch = "refs/remotes/p4/master"
-            else:
-                masterbranch = "refs/heads/p4/master"
-            if gitBranchExists(masterbranch):
-                system("git branch master %s" % masterbranch)
-                if not self.cloneBare:
-                    system("git checkout -f")
-            else:
-                print "Could not detect main branch. No checkout/master branch created."
+
+        # create a master branch and check out a work tree
+        if gitBranchExists(self.branch):
+            system([ "git", "branch", "master", self.branch ])
+            if not self.cloneBare:
+                system([ "git", "checkout", "-f" ])
+        else:
+            print 'Not checking out any branch, use ' \
+                  '"git checkout -q -b master <branch>"'
 
         # auto-set this variable if invoked with --use-client-spec
         if self.useClientSpec_from_options:
@@ -2920,7 +3334,6 @@
         printUsage(commands.keys())
         sys.exit(2)
 
-    cmd = ""
     cmdName = sys.argv[1]
     try:
         klass = commands[cmdName]
@@ -2936,7 +3349,7 @@
 
     args = sys.argv[2:]
 
-    options.append(optparse.make_option("--verbose", dest="verbose", action="store_true"))
+    options.append(optparse.make_option("--verbose", "-v", dest="verbose", action="store_true"))
     if cmd.needsGit:
         options.append(optparse.make_option("--git-dir", dest="gitdir"))
 
diff --git a/git-parse-remote.sh b/git-parse-remote.sh
index 484b2e6..0e87e09 100644
--- a/git-parse-remote.sh
+++ b/git-parse-remote.sh
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
 
 If you wish to set tracking information for this branch you can do so with:
 
-    git branch --set-upstream ${branch_name#refs/heads/} $remote/<branch>
+    git branch --set-upstream-to=$remote/<branch> ${branch_name#refs/heads/}
 "
 	fi
 	exit 1
diff --git a/git-pull.sh b/git-pull.sh
index 2a10047..6828e2c 100755
--- a/git-pull.sh
+++ b/git-pull.sh
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
 test -f "$GIT_DIR/MERGE_HEAD" && die_merge
 
 strategy_args= diffstat= no_commit= squash= no_ff= ff_only=
-log_arg= verbosity= progress= recurse_submodules=
+log_arg= verbosity= progress= recurse_submodules= verify_signatures=
 merge_args= edit=
 curr_branch=$(git symbolic-ref -q HEAD)
 curr_branch_short="${curr_branch#refs/heads/}"
@@ -125,6 +125,12 @@
 	--no-recurse-submodules)
 		recurse_submodules=--no-recurse-submodules
 		;;
+	--verify-signatures)
+		verify_signatures=--verify-signatures
+		;;
+	--no-verify-signatures)
+		verify_signatures=--no-verify-signatures
+		;;
 	--d|--dr|--dry|--dry-|--dry-r|--dry-ru|--dry-run)
 		dry_run=--dry-run
 		;;
@@ -200,6 +206,7 @@
 		require_clean_work_tree "pull with rebase" "Please commit or stash them."
 	fi
 	oldremoteref= &&
+	test -n "$curr_branch" &&
 	. git-parse-remote &&
 	remoteref="$(get_remote_merge_branch "$@" 2>/dev/null)" &&
 	oldremoteref="$(git rev-parse -q --verify "$remoteref")" &&
@@ -259,10 +266,17 @@
 	;;
 esac
 
+# Pulling into unborn branch: a shorthand for branching off
+# FETCH_HEAD, for lazy typers.
 if test -z "$orig_head"
 then
-	git update-ref -m "initial pull" HEAD $merge_head "$curr_head" &&
-	git read-tree -m -u HEAD || exit 1
+	# Two-way merge: we claim the index is based on an empty tree,
+	# and try to fast-forward to HEAD.  This ensures we will not
+	# lose index/worktree changes that the user already made on
+	# the unborn branch.
+	empty_tree=4b825dc642cb6eb9a060e54bf8d69288fbee4904
+	git read-tree -m -u $empty_tree $merge_head &&
+	git update-ref -m "initial pull" HEAD $merge_head "$curr_head"
 	exit
 fi
 
@@ -278,11 +292,11 @@
 merge_name=$(git fmt-merge-msg $log_arg <"$GIT_DIR/FETCH_HEAD") || exit
 case "$rebase" in
 true)
-	eval="git-rebase $diffstat $strategy_args $merge_args"
+	eval="git-rebase $diffstat $strategy_args $merge_args $verbosity"
 	eval="$eval --onto $merge_head ${oldremoteref:-$merge_head}"
 	;;
 *)
-	eval="git-merge $diffstat $no_commit $edit $squash $no_ff $ff_only"
+	eval="git-merge $diffstat $no_commit $verify_signatures $edit $squash $no_ff $ff_only"
 	eval="$eval  $log_arg $strategy_args $merge_args $verbosity $progress"
 	eval="$eval \"\$merge_name\" HEAD $merge_head"
 	;;
diff --git a/git-quiltimport.sh b/git-quiltimport.sh
index 9a6ba2b..8e17525 100755
--- a/git-quiltimport.sh
+++ b/git-quiltimport.sh
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
 tmp_info="$tmp_dir/info"
 
 
-# Find the intial commit
+# Find the initial commit
 commit=$(git rev-parse HEAD)
 
 mkdir $tmp_dir || exit 2
diff --git a/git-rebase--am.sh b/git-rebase--am.sh
index 04d8941..f84854f 100644
--- a/git-rebase--am.sh
+++ b/git-rebase--am.sh
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 # Copyright (c) 2010 Junio C Hamano.
 #
 
-. git-sh-setup
-
 case "$action" in
 continue)
 	git am --resolved --resolvemsg="$resolvemsg" &&
@@ -20,6 +18,7 @@
 
 test -n "$rebase_root" && root_flag=--root
 
+ret=0
 if test -n "$keep_empty"
 then
 	# we have to do this the hard way.  git format-patch completely squashes
@@ -27,13 +26,49 @@
 	# itself well to recording empty patches.  fortunately, cherry-pick
 	# makes this easy
 	git cherry-pick --allow-empty "$revisions"
+	ret=$?
 else
-	git format-patch -k --stdout --full-index --ignore-if-in-upstream \
-		--src-prefix=a/ --dst-prefix=b/ \
-		--no-renames $root_flag "$revisions" |
-	git am $git_am_opt --rebasing --resolvemsg="$resolvemsg"
-fi && move_to_original_branch
+	rm -f "$GIT_DIR/rebased-patches"
 
-ret=$?
-test 0 != $ret -a -d "$state_dir" && write_basic_state
-exit $ret
+	git format-patch -k --stdout --full-index --ignore-if-in-upstream \
+		--src-prefix=a/ --dst-prefix=b/ --no-renames --no-cover-letter \
+		$root_flag "$revisions" >"$GIT_DIR/rebased-patches"
+	ret=$?
+
+	if test 0 != $ret
+	then
+		rm -f "$GIT_DIR/rebased-patches"
+		case "$head_name" in
+		refs/heads/*)
+			git checkout -q "$head_name"
+			;;
+		*)
+			git checkout -q "$orig_head"
+			;;
+		esac
+
+		cat >&2 <<-EOF
+
+		git encountered an error while preparing the patches to replay
+		these revisions:
+
+		    $revisions
+
+		As a result, git cannot rebase them.
+		EOF
+		exit $?
+	fi
+
+	git am $git_am_opt --rebasing --resolvemsg="$resolvemsg" <"$GIT_DIR/rebased-patches"
+	ret=$?
+
+	rm -f "$GIT_DIR/rebased-patches"
+fi
+
+if test 0 != $ret
+then
+	test -d "$state_dir" && write_basic_state
+	exit $ret
+fi
+
+move_to_original_branch
diff --git a/git-rebase--interactive.sh b/git-rebase--interactive.sh
index 0c19b7c..5822b2c 100644
--- a/git-rebase--interactive.sh
+++ b/git-rebase--interactive.sh
@@ -9,9 +9,7 @@
 #
 # The original idea comes from Eric W. Biederman, in
 # http://article.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/22407
-
-. git-sh-setup
-
+#
 # The file containing rebase commands, comments, and empty lines.
 # This file is created by "git rebase -i" then edited by the user.  As
 # the lines are processed, they are removed from the front of this
@@ -59,6 +57,9 @@
 
 dropped="$state_dir"/dropped
 
+end="$state_dir"/end
+msgnum="$state_dir"/msgnum
+
 # A script to set the GIT_AUTHOR_NAME, GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL, and
 # GIT_AUTHOR_DATE that will be used for the commit that is currently
 # being rebased.
@@ -82,6 +83,9 @@
 GIT_CHERRY_PICK_HELP="$resolvemsg"
 export GIT_CHERRY_PICK_HELP
 
+comment_char=$(git config --get core.commentchar 2>/dev/null | cut -c1)
+: ${comment_char:=#}
+
 warn () {
 	printf '%s\n' "$*" >&2
 }
@@ -107,8 +111,10 @@
 	sed -e 1q < "$todo" >> "$done"
 	sed -e 1d < "$todo" >> "$todo".new
 	mv -f "$todo".new "$todo"
-	new_count=$(sane_grep -c '^[^#]' < "$done")
-	total=$(($new_count+$(sane_grep -c '^[^#]' < "$todo")))
+	new_count=$(git stripspace --strip-comments <"$done" | wc -l)
+	echo $new_count >"$msgnum"
+	total=$(($new_count + $(git stripspace --strip-comments <"$todo" | wc -l)))
+	echo $total >"$end"
 	if test "$last_count" != "$new_count"
 	then
 		last_count=$new_count
@@ -117,6 +123,23 @@
 	fi
 }
 
+append_todo_help () {
+	git stripspace --comment-lines >>"$todo" <<\EOF
+
+Commands:
+ p, pick = use commit
+ r, reword = use commit, but edit the commit message
+ e, edit = use commit, but stop for amending
+ s, squash = use commit, but meld into previous commit
+ f, fixup = like "squash", but discard this commit's log message
+ x, exec = run command (the rest of the line) using shell
+
+These lines can be re-ordered; they are executed from top to bottom.
+
+If you remove a line here THAT COMMIT WILL BE LOST.
+EOF
+}
+
 make_patch () {
 	sha1_and_parents="$(git rev-list --parents -1 "$1")"
 	case "$sha1_and_parents" in
@@ -164,7 +187,7 @@
 }
 
 has_action () {
-	sane_grep '^[^#]' "$1" >/dev/null
+	test -n "$(git stripspace --strip-comments <"$1")"
 }
 
 is_empty_commit() {
@@ -175,6 +198,11 @@
 	test "$tree" = "$ptree"
 }
 
+is_merge_commit()
+{
+	git rev-parse --verify --quiet "$1"^2 >/dev/null 2>&1
+}
+
 # Run command with GIT_AUTHOR_NAME, GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL, and
 # GIT_AUTHOR_DATE exported from the current environment.
 do_with_author () {
@@ -343,10 +371,10 @@
 	if test -f "$squash_msg"; then
 		mv "$squash_msg" "$squash_msg".bak || exit
 		count=$(($(sed -n \
-			-e "1s/^# This is a combination of \(.*\) commits\./\1/p" \
+			-e "1s/^. This is a combination of \(.*\) commits\./\1/p" \
 			-e "q" < "$squash_msg".bak)+1))
 		{
-			echo "# This is a combination of $count commits."
+			printf '%s\n' "$comment_char This is a combination of $count commits."
 			sed -e 1d -e '2,/^./{
 				/^$/d
 			}' <"$squash_msg".bak
@@ -355,8 +383,8 @@
 		commit_message HEAD > "$fixup_msg" || die "Cannot write $fixup_msg"
 		count=2
 		{
-			echo "# This is a combination of 2 commits."
-			echo "# The first commit's message is:"
+			printf '%s\n' "$comment_char This is a combination of 2 commits."
+			printf '%s\n' "$comment_char The first commit's message is:"
 			echo
 			cat "$fixup_msg"
 		} >"$squash_msg"
@@ -365,21 +393,22 @@
 	squash)
 		rm -f "$fixup_msg"
 		echo
-		echo "# This is the $(nth_string $count) commit message:"
+		printf '%s\n' "$comment_char This is the $(nth_string $count) commit message:"
 		echo
 		commit_message $2
 		;;
 	fixup)
 		echo
-		echo "# The $(nth_string $count) commit message will be skipped:"
+		printf '%s\n' "$comment_char The $(nth_string $count) commit message will be skipped:"
 		echo
-		commit_message $2 | sed -e 's/^/#	/'
+		# Change the space after the comment character to TAB:
+		commit_message $2 | git stripspace --comment-lines | sed -e 's/ /	/'
 		;;
 	esac >>"$squash_msg"
 }
 
 peek_next_command () {
-	sed -n -e "/^#/d" -e '/^$/d' -e "s/ .*//p" -e "q" < "$todo"
+	git stripspace --strip-comments <"$todo" | sed -n -e 's/ .*//p' -e q
 }
 
 # A squash/fixup has failed.  Prepare the long version of the squash
@@ -417,27 +446,48 @@
 	esac
 }
 
+do_pick () {
+	if test "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" = "$squash_onto"
+	then
+		# Set the correct commit message and author info on the
+		# sentinel root before cherry-picking the original changes
+		# without committing (-n).  Finally, update the sentinel again
+		# to include these changes.  If the cherry-pick results in a
+		# conflict, this means our behaviour is similar to a standard
+		# failed cherry-pick during rebase, with a dirty index to
+		# resolve before manually running git commit --amend then git
+		# rebase --continue.
+		git commit --allow-empty --allow-empty-message --amend \
+			   --no-post-rewrite -n -q -C $1 &&
+			pick_one -n $1 &&
+			git commit --allow-empty --allow-empty-message \
+				   --amend --no-post-rewrite -n -q -C $1 ||
+			die_with_patch $1 "Could not apply $1... $2"
+	else
+		pick_one $1 ||
+			die_with_patch $1 "Could not apply $1... $2"
+	fi
+}
+
 do_next () {
 	rm -f "$msg" "$author_script" "$amend" || exit
 	read -r command sha1 rest < "$todo"
 	case "$command" in
-	'#'*|''|noop)
+	"$comment_char"*|''|noop)
 		mark_action_done
 		;;
 	pick|p)
 		comment_for_reflog pick
 
 		mark_action_done
-		pick_one $sha1 ||
-			die_with_patch $sha1 "Could not apply $sha1... $rest"
+		do_pick $sha1 "$rest"
 		record_in_rewritten $sha1
 		;;
 	reword|r)
 		comment_for_reflog reword
 
 		mark_action_done
-		pick_one $sha1 ||
-			die_with_patch $sha1 "Could not apply $sha1... $rest"
+		do_pick $sha1 "$rest"
 		git commit --amend --no-post-rewrite || {
 			warn "Could not amend commit after successfully picking $sha1... $rest"
 			warn "This is most likely due to an empty commit message, or the pre-commit hook"
@@ -451,8 +501,7 @@
 		comment_for_reflog edit
 
 		mark_action_done
-		pick_one $sha1 ||
-			die_with_patch $sha1 "Could not apply $sha1... $rest"
+		do_pick $sha1 "$rest"
 		warn "Stopped at $sha1... $rest"
 		exit_with_patch $sha1 0
 		;;
@@ -475,25 +524,28 @@
 		author_script_content=$(get_author_ident_from_commit HEAD)
 		echo "$author_script_content" > "$author_script"
 		eval "$author_script_content"
-		output git reset --soft HEAD^
-		pick_one -n $sha1 || die_failed_squash $sha1 "$rest"
+		if ! pick_one -n $sha1
+		then
+			git rev-parse --verify HEAD >"$amend"
+			die_failed_squash $sha1 "$rest"
+		fi
 		case "$(peek_next_command)" in
 		squash|s|fixup|f)
 			# This is an intermediate commit; its message will only be
 			# used in case of trouble.  So use the long version:
-			do_with_author output git commit --no-verify -F "$squash_msg" ||
+			do_with_author output git commit --amend --no-verify -F "$squash_msg" ||
 				die_failed_squash $sha1 "$rest"
 			;;
 		*)
 			# This is the final command of this squash/fixup group
 			if test -f "$fixup_msg"
 			then
-				do_with_author git commit --no-verify -F "$fixup_msg" ||
+				do_with_author git commit --amend --no-verify -F "$fixup_msg" ||
 					die_failed_squash $sha1 "$rest"
 			else
 				cp "$squash_msg" "$GIT_DIR"/SQUASH_MSG || exit
 				rm -f "$GIT_DIR"/MERGE_MSG
-				do_with_author git commit --no-verify -e ||
+				do_with_author git commit --amend --no-verify -F "$GIT_DIR"/SQUASH_MSG -e ||
 					die_failed_squash $sha1 "$rest"
 			fi
 			rm -f "$squash_msg" "$fixup_msg"
@@ -523,6 +575,10 @@
 			warn
 			warn "	git rebase --continue"
 			warn
+			if test $status -eq 127		# command not found
+			then
+				status=1
+			fi
 			exit "$status"
 		elif test "$dirty" = t
 		then
@@ -537,22 +593,22 @@
 		;;
 	*)
 		warn "Unknown command: $command $sha1 $rest"
+		fixtodo="Please fix this using 'git rebase --edit-todo'."
 		if git rev-parse --verify -q "$sha1" >/dev/null
 		then
-			die_with_patch $sha1 "Please fix this in the file $todo."
+			die_with_patch $sha1 "$fixtodo"
 		else
-			die "Please fix this in the file $todo."
+			die "$fixtodo"
 		fi
 		;;
 	esac
 	test -s "$todo" && return
 
 	comment_for_reflog finish &&
-	shortonto=$(git rev-parse --short $onto) &&
 	newhead=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
 	case $head_name in
 	refs/*)
-		message="$GIT_REFLOG_ACTION: $head_name onto $shortonto" &&
+		message="$GIT_REFLOG_ACTION: $head_name onto $onto" &&
 		git update-ref -m "$message" $head_name $newhead $orig_head &&
 		git symbolic-ref \
 		  -m "$GIT_REFLOG_ACTION: returning to $head_name" \
@@ -684,6 +740,27 @@
 	rm -f "$1.sq" "$1.rearranged"
 }
 
+# Add commands after a pick or after a squash/fixup serie
+# in the todo list.
+add_exec_commands () {
+	{
+		first=t
+		while read -r insn rest
+		do
+			case $insn in
+			pick)
+				test -n "$first" ||
+				printf "%s" "$cmd"
+				;;
+			esac
+			printf "%s %s\n" "$insn" "$rest"
+			first=
+		done
+		printf "%s" "$cmd"
+	} <"$1" >"$1.new" &&
+	mv "$1.new" "$1"
+}
+
 case "$action" in
 continue)
 	# do we have anything to commit?
@@ -709,7 +786,6 @@
 		fi
 		. "$author_script" ||
 			die "Error trying to find the author identity to amend commit"
-		current_head=
 		if test -f "$amend"
 		then
 			current_head=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
@@ -717,13 +793,12 @@
 			die "\
 You have uncommitted changes in your working tree. Please, commit them
 first and then run 'git rebase --continue' again."
-			git reset --soft HEAD^ ||
-			die "Cannot rewind the HEAD"
+			do_with_author git commit --amend --no-verify -F "$msg" -e ||
+				die "Could not commit staged changes."
+		else
+			do_with_author git commit --no-verify -F "$msg" -e ||
+				die "Could not commit staged changes."
 		fi
-		do_with_author git commit --no-verify -F "$msg" -e || {
-			test -n "$current_head" && git reset --soft $current_head
-			die "Could not commit staged changes."
-		}
 	fi
 
 	record_in_rewritten "$(cat "$state_dir"/stopped-sha)"
@@ -736,6 +811,23 @@
 
 	do_rest
 	;;
+edit-todo)
+	git stripspace --strip-comments <"$todo" >"$todo".new
+	mv -f "$todo".new "$todo"
+	append_todo_help
+	git stripspace --comment-lines >>"$todo" <<\EOF
+
+You are editing the todo file of an ongoing interactive rebase.
+To continue rebase after editing, run:
+    git rebase --continue
+
+EOF
+
+	git_sequence_editor "$todo" ||
+		die "Could not execute editor"
+
+	exit
+	;;
 esac
 
 git var GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT >/dev/null ||
@@ -796,9 +888,9 @@
 while read -r shortsha1 rest
 do
 
-	if test -z "$keep_empty" && is_empty_commit $shortsha1
+	if test -z "$keep_empty" && is_empty_commit $shortsha1 && ! is_merge_commit $shortsha1
 	then
-		comment_out="# "
+		comment_out="$comment_char "
 	else
 		comment_out=
 	fi
@@ -857,28 +949,22 @@
 
 test -s "$todo" || echo noop >> "$todo"
 test -n "$autosquash" && rearrange_squash "$todo"
-cat >> "$todo" << EOF
+test -n "$cmd" && add_exec_commands "$todo"
 
-# Rebase $shortrevisions onto $shortonto
-#
-# Commands:
-#  p, pick = use commit
-#  r, reword = use commit, but edit the commit message
-#  e, edit = use commit, but stop for amending
-#  s, squash = use commit, but meld into previous commit
-#  f, fixup = like "squash", but discard this commit's log message
-#  x, exec = run command (the rest of the line) using shell
-#
-# These lines can be re-ordered; they are executed from top to bottom.
-#
-# If you remove a line here THAT COMMIT WILL BE LOST.
-# However, if you remove everything, the rebase will be aborted.
-#
+cat >>"$todo" <<EOF
+
+$comment_char Rebase $shortrevisions onto $shortonto
+EOF
+append_todo_help
+git stripspace --comment-lines >>"$todo" <<\EOF
+
+However, if you remove everything, the rebase will be aborted.
+
 EOF
 
 if test -z "$keep_empty"
 then
-	echo "# Note that empty commits are commented out" >>"$todo"
+	printf '%s\n' "$comment_char Note that empty commits are commented out" >>"$todo"
 fi
 
 
diff --git a/git-rebase--merge.sh b/git-rebase--merge.sh
index dc59907..b10f2cf 100644
--- a/git-rebase--merge.sh
+++ b/git-rebase--merge.sh
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 # Copyright (c) 2010 Junio C Hamano.
 #
 
-. git-sh-setup
-
 prec=4
 
 read_state () {
diff --git a/git-rebase.sh b/git-rebase.sh
index e616737..2c692c3 100755
--- a/git-rebase.sh
+++ b/git-rebase.sh
@@ -3,36 +3,12 @@
 # Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano.
 #
 
-USAGE='[--interactive | -i] [-v] [--force-rebase | -f] [--no-ff] [--onto <newbase>] [<upstream>|--root] [<branch>] [--quiet | -q]'
-LONG_USAGE='git-rebase replaces <branch> with a new branch of the
-same name.  When the --onto option is provided the new branch starts
-out with a HEAD equal to <newbase>, otherwise it is equal to <upstream>
-It then attempts to create a new commit for each commit from the original
-<branch> that does not exist in the <upstream> branch.
-
-It is possible that a merge failure will prevent this process from being
-completely automatic.  You will have to resolve any such merge failure
-and run git rebase --continue.  Another option is to bypass the commit
-that caused the merge failure with git rebase --skip.  To check out the
-original <branch> and remove the .git/rebase-apply working files, use the
-command git rebase --abort instead.
-
-Note that if <branch> is not specified on the command line, the
-currently checked out branch is used.
-
-Example:       git-rebase master~1 topic
-
-	A---B---C topic                   A'\''--B'\''--C'\'' topic
-       /                   -->           /
-  D---E---F---G master          D---E---F---G master
-'
-
 SUBDIRECTORY_OK=Yes
 OPTIONS_KEEPDASHDASH=
 OPTIONS_SPEC="\
-git rebase [-i] [options] [--onto <newbase>] [<upstream>] [<branch>]
-git rebase [-i] [options] --onto <newbase> --root [<branch>]
-git-rebase [-i] --continue | --abort | --skip
+git rebase [-i] [options] [--exec <cmd>] [--onto <newbase>] [<upstream>] [<branch>]
+git rebase [-i] [options] [--exec <cmd>] [--onto <newbase>] --root [<branch>]
+git-rebase --continue | --abort | --skip | --edit-todo
 --
  Available options are
 v,verbose!         display a diffstat of what changed upstream
@@ -43,6 +19,7 @@
 no-ff!             cherry-pick all commits, even if unchanged
 m,merge!           use merging strategies to rebase
 i,interactive!     let the user edit the list of commits to rebase
+x,exec=!           add exec lines after each commit of the editable list
 k,keep-empty	   preserve empty commits during rebase
 f,force-rebase!    force rebase even if branch is up to date
 X,strategy-option=! pass the argument through to the merge strategy
@@ -61,8 +38,10 @@
 continue!          continue
 abort!             abort and check out the original branch
 skip!              skip current patch and continue
+edit-todo!         edit the todo list during an interactive rebase
 "
 . git-sh-setup
+. git-sh-i18n
 set_reflog_action rebase
 require_work_tree_exists
 cd_to_toplevel
@@ -71,11 +50,12 @@
 '
 ok_to_skip_pre_rebase=
 resolvemsg="
-When you have resolved this problem run \"git rebase --continue\".
-If you would prefer to skip this patch, instead run \"git rebase --skip\".
-To check out the original branch and stop rebasing run \"git rebase --abort\".
+$(gettext 'When you have resolved this problem, run "git rebase --continue".
+If you prefer to skip this patch, run "git rebase --skip" instead.
+To check out the original branch and stop rebasing, run "git rebase --abort".')
 "
 unset onto
+cmd=
 strategy=
 strategy_opts=
 do_merge=
@@ -158,7 +138,7 @@
 		git symbolic-ref \
 			-m "rebase finished: returning to $head_name" \
 			HEAD $head_name ||
-		die "Could not move back to $head_name"
+		die "$(gettext "Could not move back to $head_name")"
 		;;
 	esac
 }
@@ -177,12 +157,12 @@
 	   test -x "$GIT_DIR/hooks/pre-rebase"
 	then
 		"$GIT_DIR/hooks/pre-rebase" ${1+"$@"} ||
-		die "The pre-rebase hook refused to rebase."
+		die "$(gettext "The pre-rebase hook refused to rebase.")"
 	fi
 }
 
 test -f "$apply_dir"/applying &&
-	die 'It looks like git-am is in progress. Cannot rebase.'
+	die "$(gettext "It looks like git-am is in progress. Cannot rebase.")"
 
 if test -d "$apply_dir"
 then
@@ -211,7 +191,7 @@
 	--verify)
 		ok_to_skip_pre_rebase=
 		;;
-	--continue|--skip|--abort)
+	--continue|--skip|--abort|--edit-todo)
 		test $total_argc -eq 2 || usage
 		action=${1##--}
 		;;
@@ -220,6 +200,11 @@
 		onto="$2"
 		shift
 		;;
+	-x)
+		test 2 -le "$#" || usage
+		cmd="${cmd}exec $2${LF}"
+		shift
+		;;
 	-i)
 		interactive_rebase=explicit
 		;;
@@ -305,9 +290,15 @@
 done
 test $# -gt 2 && usage
 
+if test -n "$cmd" &&
+   test "$interactive_rebase" != explicit
+then
+	die "$(gettext "The --exec option must be used with the --interactive option")"
+fi
+
 if test -n "$action"
 then
-	test -z "$in_progress" && die "No rebase in progress?"
+	test -z "$in_progress" && die "$(gettext "No rebase in progress?")"
 	# Only interactive rebase uses detailed reflog messages
 	if test "$type" = interactive && test "$GIT_REFLOG_ACTION" = rebase
 	then
@@ -316,15 +307,20 @@
 	fi
 fi
 
+if test "$action" = "edit-todo" && test "$type" != "interactive"
+then
+	die "$(gettext "The --edit-todo action can only be used during interactive rebase.")"
+fi
+
 case "$action" in
 continue)
 	# Sanity check
 	git rev-parse --verify HEAD >/dev/null ||
-		die "Cannot read HEAD"
+		die "$(gettext "Cannot read HEAD")"
 	git update-index --ignore-submodules --refresh &&
 	git diff-files --quiet --ignore-submodules || {
-		echo "You must edit all merge conflicts and then"
-		echo "mark them as resolved using git add"
+		echo "$(gettext "You must edit all merge conflicts and then
+mark them as resolved using git add")"
 		exit 1
 	}
 	read_basic_state
@@ -341,27 +337,38 @@
 	case "$head_name" in
 	refs/*)
 		git symbolic-ref -m "rebase: aborting" HEAD $head_name ||
-		die "Could not move back to $head_name"
+		die "$(eval_gettext "Could not move back to \$head_name")"
 		;;
 	esac
 	output git reset --hard $orig_head
 	rm -r "$state_dir"
 	exit
 	;;
+edit-todo)
+	run_specific_rebase
+	;;
 esac
 
 # Make sure no rebase is in progress
 if test -n "$in_progress"
 then
-	die '
-It seems that there is already a '"${state_dir##*/}"' directory, and
+	state_dir_base=${state_dir##*/}
+	cmd_live_rebase="git rebase (--continue | --abort | --skip)"
+	cmd_clear_stale_rebase="rm -fr \"$state_dir\""
+	die "
+$(eval_gettext 'It seems that there is already a $state_dir_base directory, and
 I wonder if you are in the middle of another rebase.  If that is the
 case, please try
-	git rebase (--continue | --abort | --skip)
+	$cmd_live_rebase
 If that is not the case, please
-	rm -fr '"$state_dir"'
+	$cmd_clear_stale_rebase
 and run me again.  I am stopping in case you still have something
-valuable there.'
+valuable there.')"
+fi
+
+if test -n "$rebase_root" && test -z "$onto"
+then
+	test -z "$interactive_rebase" && interactive_rebase=implied
 fi
 
 if test -n "$interactive_rebase"
@@ -394,12 +401,18 @@
 		;;
 	esac
 	upstream=`git rev-parse --verify "${upstream_name}^0"` ||
-	die "invalid upstream $upstream_name"
+	die "$(eval_gettext "invalid upstream \$upstream_name")"
 	upstream_arg="$upstream_name"
 else
-	test -z "$onto" && die "You must specify --onto when using --root"
+	if test -z "$onto"
+	then
+		empty_tree=`git hash-object -t tree /dev/null`
+		onto=`git commit-tree $empty_tree </dev/null`
+		squash_onto="$onto"
+	fi
 	unset upstream_name
 	unset upstream
+	test $# -gt 1 && usage
 	upstream_arg=--root
 fi
 
@@ -412,19 +425,19 @@
 	then
 		case "$onto" in
 		?*"$LF"?*)
-			die "$onto_name: there are more than one merge bases"
+			die "$(eval_gettext "\$onto_name: there are more than one merge bases")"
 			;;
 		'')
-			die "$onto_name: there is no merge base"
+			die "$(eval_gettext "\$onto_name: there is no merge base")"
 			;;
 		esac
 	else
-		die "$onto_name: there is no merge base"
+		die "$(eval_gettext "\$onto_name: there is no merge base")"
 	fi
 	;;
 *)
 	onto=$(git rev-parse --verify "${onto_name}^0") ||
-	die "Does not point to a valid commit: $onto_name"
+	die "$(eval_gettext "Does not point to a valid commit: \$onto_name")"
 	;;
 esac
 
@@ -447,10 +460,10 @@
 	then
 		head_name="detached HEAD"
 	else
-		die "fatal: no such branch: $1"
+		die "$(eval_gettext "fatal: no such branch: \$branch_name")"
 	fi
 	;;
-*)
+0)
 	# Do not need to switch branches, we are already on it.
 	if branch_name=`git symbolic-ref -q HEAD`
 	then
@@ -460,11 +473,14 @@
 		head_name="detached HEAD"
 		branch_name=HEAD ;# detached
 	fi
-	orig_head=$(git rev-parse --verify "${branch_name}^0") || exit
+	orig_head=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) || exit
+	;;
+*)
+	die "BUG: unexpected number of arguments left to parse"
 	;;
 esac
 
-require_clean_work_tree "rebase" "Please commit or stash them."
+require_clean_work_tree "rebase" "$(gettext "Please commit or stash them.")"
 
 # Now we are rebasing commits $upstream..$orig_head (or with --root,
 # everything leading up to $orig_head) on top of $onto
@@ -482,10 +498,10 @@
 	then
 		# Lazily switch to the target branch if needed...
 		test -z "$switch_to" || git checkout "$switch_to" --
-		say "Current branch $branch_name is up to date."
+		say "$(eval_gettext "Current branch \$branch_name is up to date.")"
 		exit 0
 	else
-		say "Current branch $branch_name is up to date, rebase forced."
+		say "$(eval_gettext "Current branch \$branch_name is up to date, rebase forced.")"
 	fi
 fi
 
@@ -496,7 +512,7 @@
 then
 	if test -n "$verbose"
 	then
-		echo "Changes from $mb to $onto:"
+		echo "$(eval_gettext "Changes from \$mb to \$onto:")"
 	fi
 	# We want color (if set), but no pager
 	GIT_PAGER='' git diff --stat --summary "$mb" "$onto"
@@ -505,7 +521,7 @@
 test "$type" = interactive && run_specific_rebase
 
 # Detach HEAD and reset the tree
-say "First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it..."
+say "$(gettext "First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it...")"
 git checkout -q "$onto^0" || die "could not detach HEAD"
 git update-ref ORIG_HEAD $orig_head
 
@@ -513,7 +529,7 @@
 # we just fast-forwarded.
 if test "$mb" = "$orig_head"
 then
-	say "Fast-forwarded $branch_name to $onto_name."
+	say "$(eval_gettext "Fast-forwarded \$branch_name to \$onto_name.")"
 	move_to_original_branch
 	exit 0
 fi
diff --git a/git-relink.perl b/git-relink.perl
index f29285c..236a352 100755
--- a/git-relink.perl
+++ b/git-relink.perl
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@
 
 
 sub usage() {
-	print("Usage: git relink [--safe] <dir>... <master_dir> \n");
+	print("usage: git relink [--safe] <dir>... <master_dir> \n");
 	print("All directories should contain a .git/objects/ subdirectory.\n");
 	print("Options\n");
 	print("\t--safe\t" .
diff --git a/git-remote-testgit b/git-remote-testgit
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e7ed3a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git-remote-testgit
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Felipe Contreras
+
+alias=$1
+url=$2
+
+dir="$GIT_DIR/testgit/$alias"
+prefix="refs/testgit/$alias"
+
+default_refspec="refs/heads/*:${prefix}/heads/*"
+
+refspec="${GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_REFSPEC-$default_refspec}"
+
+test -z "$refspec" && prefix="refs"
+
+export GIT_DIR="$url/.git"
+
+mkdir -p "$dir"
+
+if test -z "$GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_NO_MARKS"
+then
+	gitmarks="$dir/git.marks"
+	testgitmarks="$dir/testgit.marks"
+	test -e "$gitmarks" || >"$gitmarks"
+	test -e "$testgitmarks" || >"$testgitmarks"
+	testgitmarks_args=( "--"{import,export}"-marks=$testgitmarks" )
+fi
+
+while read line
+do
+	case $line in
+	capabilities)
+		echo 'import'
+		echo 'export'
+		test -n "$refspec" && echo "refspec $refspec"
+		if test -n "$gitmarks"
+		then
+			echo "*import-marks $gitmarks"
+			echo "*export-marks $gitmarks"
+		fi
+		test -n "$GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_SIGNED_TAGS" && echo "signed-tags"
+		echo
+		;;
+	list)
+		git for-each-ref --format='? %(refname)' 'refs/heads/'
+		head=$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)
+		echo "@$head HEAD"
+		echo
+		;;
+	import*)
+		# read all import lines
+		while true
+		do
+			ref="${line#* }"
+			refs="$refs $ref"
+			read line
+			test "${line%% *}" != "import" && break
+		done
+
+		if test -n "$gitmarks"
+		then
+			echo "feature import-marks=$gitmarks"
+			echo "feature export-marks=$gitmarks"
+		fi
+		echo "feature done"
+		git fast-export "${testgitmarks_args[@]}" $refs |
+		sed -e "s#refs/heads/#${prefix}/heads/#g"
+		echo "done"
+		;;
+	export)
+		before=$(git for-each-ref --format='%(refname) %(objectname)')
+
+		git fast-import "${testgitmarks_args[@]}" --quiet
+
+		after=$(git for-each-ref --format='%(refname) %(objectname)')
+
+		# figure out which refs were updated
+		join -e 0 -o '0 1.2 2.2' -a 2 <(echo "$before") <(echo "$after") |
+		while read ref a b
+		do
+			test $a == $b && continue
+			echo "ok $ref"
+		done
+
+		echo
+		;;
+	'')
+		exit
+		;;
+	esac
+done
diff --git a/git-remote-testgit.py b/git-remote-testpy.py
similarity index 76%
rename from git-remote-testgit.py
rename to git-remote-testpy.py
index 5f3ebd2..ca67899 100644
--- a/git-remote-testgit.py
+++ b/git-remote-testpy.py
@@ -31,6 +31,27 @@
 from git_remote_helpers.git.importer import GitImporter
 from git_remote_helpers.git.non_local import NonLocalGit
 
+if sys.hexversion < 0x02000000:
+    # string.encode() is the limiter
+    sys.stderr.write("git-remote-testgit: requires Python 2.0 or later.\n")
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+
+def encode_filepath(path):
+    """Encodes a Unicode file path to a byte string.
+
+    On Python 2 this is a no-op; on Python 3 we encode the string as
+    suggested by [1] which allows an exact round-trip from the command line
+    to the filesystem.
+
+    [1] http://docs.python.org/3/c-api/unicode.html#file-system-encoding
+
+    """
+    if sys.hexversion < 0x03000000:
+        return path
+    return path.encode(sys.getfilesystemencoding(), 'surrogateescape')
+
+
 def get_repo(alias, url):
     """Returns a git repository object initialized for usage.
     """
@@ -40,7 +61,7 @@
     repo.get_head()
 
     hasher = _digest()
-    hasher.update(repo.path)
+    hasher.update(encode_filepath(repo.path))
     repo.hash = hasher.hexdigest()
 
     repo.get_base_path = lambda base: os.path.join(
@@ -82,22 +103,22 @@
     """Prints the supported capabilities.
     """
 
-    print "import"
-    print "export"
-    print "refspec refs/heads/*:%s*" % repo.prefix
+    print("import")
+    print("export")
+    print("refspec refs/heads/*:%s*" % repo.prefix)
 
     dirname = repo.get_base_path(repo.gitdir)
 
     if not os.path.exists(dirname):
         os.makedirs(dirname)
 
-    path = os.path.join(dirname, 'testgit.marks')
+    path = os.path.join(dirname, 'git.marks')
 
-    print "*export-marks %s" % path
+    print("*export-marks %s" % path)
     if os.path.exists(path):
-        print "*import-marks %s" % path
+        print("*import-marks %s" % path)
 
-    print # end capabilities
+    print('') # end capabilities
 
 
 def do_list(repo, args):
@@ -110,16 +131,16 @@
 
     for ref in repo.revs:
         debug("? refs/heads/%s", ref)
-        print "? refs/heads/%s" % ref
+        print("? refs/heads/%s" % ref)
 
     if repo.head:
         debug("@refs/heads/%s HEAD" % repo.head)
-        print "@refs/heads/%s HEAD" % repo.head
+        print("@refs/heads/%s HEAD" % repo.head)
     else:
         debug("@refs/heads/master HEAD")
-        print "@refs/heads/master HEAD"
+        print("@refs/heads/master HEAD")
 
-    print # end list
+    print('') # end list
 
 
 def update_local_repo(repo):
@@ -149,7 +170,7 @@
     refs = [ref]
 
     while True:
-        line = sys.stdin.readline()
+        line = sys.stdin.readline().decode()
         if line == '\n':
             break
         if not line.startswith('import '):
@@ -159,10 +180,15 @@
         ref = line[7:].strip()
         refs.append(ref)
 
+    print("feature done")
+
+    if os.environ.get("GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_FAILURE"):
+        die('Told to fail')
+
     repo = update_local_repo(repo)
     repo.exporter.export_repo(repo.gitdir, refs)
 
-    print "done"
+    print("done")
 
 
 def do_export(repo, args):
@@ -172,6 +198,9 @@
     if not repo.gitdir:
         die("Need gitdir to export")
 
+    if os.environ.get("GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_FAILURE"):
+        die('Told to fail')
+
     update_local_repo(repo)
     changed = repo.importer.do_import(repo.gitdir)
 
@@ -179,8 +208,8 @@
         repo.non_local.push(repo.gitdir)
 
     for ref in changed:
-        print "ok %s" % ref
-    print
+        print("ok %s" % ref)
+    print('')
 
 
 COMMANDS = {
@@ -212,7 +241,7 @@
 
     line = sys.stdin.readline()
 
-    cmdline = line
+    cmdline = line.decode()
 
     if not cmdline:
         warn("Unexpected EOF")
@@ -264,7 +293,11 @@
 
     more = True
 
-    sys.stdin = os.fdopen(sys.stdin.fileno(), 'r', 0)
+    # Use binary mode since Python 3 does not permit unbuffered I/O in text
+    # mode.  Unbuffered I/O is required to avoid data that should be going
+    # to git-fast-import after an "export" command getting caught in our
+    # stdin buffer instead.
+    sys.stdin = os.fdopen(sys.stdin.fileno(), 'rb', 0)
     while (more):
         more = read_one_line(repo)
 
diff --git a/git-request-pull.sh b/git-request-pull.sh
index e6438e2..d566015 100755
--- a/git-request-pull.sh
+++ b/git-request-pull.sh
@@ -57,9 +57,13 @@
 merge_base=$(git merge-base $baserev $headrev) ||
 die "fatal: No commits in common between $base and $head"
 
-# $head is the token given from the command line. If a ref with that
-# name exists at the remote and their values match, we should use it.
-# Otherwise find a ref that matches $headrev.
+# $head is the token given from the command line, and $tag_name, if
+# exists, is the tag we are going to show the commit information for.
+# If that tag exists at the remote and it points at the commit, use it.
+# Otherwise, if a branch with the same name as $head exists at the remote
+# and their values match, use that instead.
+#
+# Otherwise find a random ref that matches $headrev.
 find_matching_ref='
 	sub abbr {
 		my $ref = shift;
@@ -70,24 +74,29 @@
 		}
 	}
 
-	my ($exact, $found);
+	my ($tagged, $branch, $found);
 	while (<STDIN>) {
 		my ($sha1, $ref, $deref) = /^(\S+)\s+(\S+?)(\^\{\})?$/;
 		next unless ($sha1 eq $ARGV[1]);
 		$found = abbr($ref);
-		if ($ref =~ m|/\Q$ARGV[0]\E$|) {
-			$exact = $found;
+		if ($deref && $ref eq "tags/$ARGV[2]") {
+			$tagged = $found;
 			last;
 		}
+		if ($ref =~ m|/\Q$ARGV[0]\E$|) {
+			$exact = $found;
+		}
 	}
-	if ($exact) {
+	if ($tagged) {
+		print "$tagged\n";
+	} elsif ($exact) {
 		print "$exact\n";
 	} elsif ($found) {
 		print "$found\n";
 	}
 '
 
-ref=$(git ls-remote "$url" | perl -e "$find_matching_ref" "$head" "$headrev")
+ref=$(git ls-remote "$url" | perl -e "$find_matching_ref" "$head" "$headrev" "$tag_name")
 
 url=$(git ls-remote --get-url "$url")
 
@@ -114,6 +123,12 @@
 
 if test -n "$tag_name"
 then
+	if test -z "$ref" || test "$ref" != "tags/$tag_name"
+	then
+		echo >&2 "warn: You locally have $tag_name but it does not (yet)"
+		echo >&2 "warn: appear to be at $url"
+		echo >&2 "warn: Do you want to push it there, perhaps?"
+	fi
 	git cat-file tag "$tag_name" |
 	sed -n -e '1,/^$/d' -e '/^-----BEGIN PGP /q' -e p
 	echo
diff --git a/git-send-email.perl b/git-send-email.perl
index ef30c55..cd93490 100755
--- a/git-send-email.perl
+++ b/git-send-email.perl
@@ -54,8 +54,9 @@
     --[no-]bcc              <str>  * Email Bcc:
     --subject               <str>  * Email "Subject:"
     --in-reply-to           <str>  * Email "In-Reply-To:"
-    --annotate                     * Review each patch that will be sent in an editor.
+    --[no-]annotate                * Review each patch that will be sent in an editor.
     --compose                      * Open an editor for introduction.
+    --compose-encoding      <str>  * Encoding to assume for introduction.
     --8bit-encoding         <str>  * Encoding to assume 8bit mails if undeclared
 
   Sending:
@@ -198,6 +199,7 @@
 my ($validate, $confirm);
 my (@suppress_cc);
 my ($auto_8bit_encoding);
+my ($compose_encoding);
 
 my ($debug_net_smtp) = 0;		# Net::SMTP, see send_message()
 
@@ -210,7 +212,8 @@
     "signedoffbycc" => [\$signed_off_by_cc, undef],
     "signedoffcc" => [\$signed_off_by_cc, undef],      # Deprecated
     "validate" => [\$validate, 1],
-    "multiedit" => [\$multiedit, undef]
+    "multiedit" => [\$multiedit, undef],
+    "annotate" => [\$annotate, undef]
 );
 
 my %config_settings = (
@@ -231,6 +234,7 @@
     "confirm"   => \$confirm,
     "from" => \$sender,
     "assume8bitencoding" => \$auto_8bit_encoding,
+    "composeencoding" => \$compose_encoding,
 );
 
 my %config_path_settings = (
@@ -301,7 +305,7 @@
 		    "smtp-debug:i" => \$debug_net_smtp,
 		    "smtp-domain:s" => \$smtp_domain,
 		    "identity=s" => \$identity,
-		    "annotate" => \$annotate,
+		    "annotate!" => \$annotate,
 		    "compose" => \$compose,
 		    "quiet" => \$quiet,
 		    "cc-cmd=s" => \$cc_cmd,
@@ -315,6 +319,7 @@
 		    "validate!" => \$validate,
 		    "format-patch!" => \$format_patch,
 		    "8bit-encoding=s" => \$auto_8bit_encoding,
+		    "compose-encoding=s" => \$compose_encoding,
 		    "force" => \$force,
 	 );
 
@@ -508,8 +513,9 @@
 
 ($sender) = expand_aliases($sender) if defined $sender;
 
-# returns 1 if the conflict must be solved using it as a format-patch argument
-sub check_file_rev_conflict($) {
+# is_format_patch_arg($f) returns 0 if $f names a patch, or 1 if
+# $f is a revision list specification to be passed to format-patch.
+sub is_format_patch_arg {
 	return unless $repo;
 	my $f = shift;
 	try {
@@ -525,6 +531,7 @@
     * Giving --format-patch option if you mean a range.
 EOF
 	} catch Git::Error::Command with {
+		# Not a valid revision.  Treat it as a filename.
 		return 0;
 	}
 }
@@ -536,14 +543,14 @@
 	if ($f eq "--") {
 		push @rev_list_opts, "--", @ARGV;
 		@ARGV = ();
-	} elsif (-d $f and !check_file_rev_conflict($f)) {
+	} elsif (-d $f and !is_format_patch_arg($f)) {
 		opendir my $dh, $f
 			or die "Failed to opendir $f: $!";
 
 		push @files, grep { -f $_ } map { catfile($f, $_) }
 				sort readdir $dh;
 		closedir $dh;
-	} elsif ((-f $f or -p $f) and !check_file_rev_conflict($f)) {
+	} elsif ((-f $f or -p $f) and !is_format_patch_arg($f)) {
 		push @files, $f;
 	} else {
 		push @rev_list_opts, $f;
@@ -632,6 +639,9 @@
 	my $need_8bit_cte = file_has_nonascii($compose_filename);
 	my $in_body = 0;
 	my $summary_empty = 1;
+	if (!defined $compose_encoding) {
+		$compose_encoding = "UTF-8";
+	}
 	while(<$c>) {
 		next if m/^GIT:/;
 		if ($in_body) {
@@ -641,7 +651,7 @@
 			if ($need_8bit_cte) {
 				print $c2 "MIME-Version: 1.0\n",
 					 "Content-Type: text/plain; ",
-					   "charset=UTF-8\n",
+					   "charset=$compose_encoding\n",
 					 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n";
 			}
 		} elsif (/^MIME-Version:/i) {
@@ -650,9 +660,7 @@
 			$initial_subject = $1;
 			my $subject = $initial_subject;
 			$_ = "Subject: " .
-				($subject =~ /[^[:ascii:]]/ ?
-				 quote_rfc2047($subject) :
-				 $subject) .
+				quote_subject($subject, $compose_encoding) .
 				"\n";
 		} elsif (/^In-Reply-To:\s*(.+)\s*$/i) {
 			$initial_reply_to = $1;
@@ -681,6 +689,7 @@
 	my ($prompt, %arg) = @_;
 	my $valid_re = $arg{valid_re};
 	my $default = $arg{default};
+	my $confirm_only = $arg{confirm_only};
 	my $resp;
 	my $i = 0;
 	return defined $default ? $default : undef
@@ -698,8 +707,14 @@
 		if (!defined $valid_re or $resp =~ /$valid_re/) {
 			return $resp;
 		}
+		if ($confirm_only) {
+			my $yesno = $term->readline("Are you sure you want to use <$resp> [y/N]? ");
+			if (defined $yesno && $yesno =~ /y/i) {
+				return $resp;
+			}
+		}
 	}
-	return undef;
+	return;
 }
 
 my %broken_encoding;
@@ -741,17 +756,20 @@
 	}
 }
 
-my $prompting = 0;
 if (!defined $sender) {
 	$sender = $repoauthor || $repocommitter || '';
-	$sender = ask("Who should the emails appear to be from? [$sender] ",
-	              default => $sender);
-	print "Emails will be sent from: ", $sender, "\n";
-	$prompting++;
 }
 
+# $sender could be an already sanitized address
+# (e.g. sendemail.from could be manually sanitized by user).
+# But it's a no-op to run sanitize_address on an already sanitized address.
+$sender = sanitize_address($sender);
+
+my $prompting = 0;
 if (!@initial_to && !defined $to_cmd) {
-	my $to = ask("Who should the emails be sent to? ");
+	my $to = ask("Who should the emails be sent to (if any)? ",
+		     default => "",
+		     valid_re => qr/\@.*\./, confirm_only => 1);
 	push @initial_to, parse_address_line($to) if defined $to; # sanitized/validated later
 	$prompting++;
 }
@@ -771,13 +789,17 @@
 }
 
 @initial_to = expand_aliases(@initial_to);
-@initial_to = (map { sanitize_address($_) } @initial_to);
+@initial_to = validate_address_list(sanitize_address_list(@initial_to));
 @initial_cc = expand_aliases(@initial_cc);
+@initial_cc = validate_address_list(sanitize_address_list(@initial_cc));
 @bcclist = expand_aliases(@bcclist);
+@bcclist = validate_address_list(sanitize_address_list(@bcclist));
 
 if ($thread && !defined $initial_reply_to && $prompting) {
 	$initial_reply_to = ask(
-		"Message-ID to be used as In-Reply-To for the first email? ");
+		"Message-ID to be used as In-Reply-To for the first email (if any)? ",
+		default => "",
+		valid_re => qr/\@.*\./, confirm_only => 1);
 }
 if (defined $initial_reply_to) {
 	$initial_reply_to =~ s/^\s*<?//;
@@ -814,12 +836,45 @@
 	$address =~ s/^\s*<(.*)>\s*$/$1/;
 	if ($have_email_valid) {
 		return scalar Email::Valid->address($address);
-	} else {
-		# less robust/correct than the monster regexp in Email::Valid,
-		# but still does a 99% job, and one less dependency
-		$address =~ /($local_part_regexp\@$domain_regexp)/;
-		return $1;
 	}
+
+	# less robust/correct than the monster regexp in Email::Valid,
+	# but still does a 99% job, and one less dependency
+	return $1 if $address =~ /($local_part_regexp\@$domain_regexp)/;
+	return;
+}
+
+sub extract_valid_address_or_die {
+	my $address = shift;
+	$address = extract_valid_address($address);
+	die "error: unable to extract a valid address from: $address\n"
+		if !$address;
+	return $address;
+}
+
+sub validate_address {
+	my $address = shift;
+	while (!extract_valid_address($address)) {
+		print STDERR "error: unable to extract a valid address from: $address\n";
+		$_ = ask("What to do with this address? ([q]uit|[d]rop|[e]dit): ",
+			valid_re => qr/^(?:quit|q|drop|d|edit|e)/i,
+			default => 'q');
+		if (/^d/i) {
+			return undef;
+		} elsif (/^q/i) {
+			cleanup_compose_files();
+			exit(0);
+		}
+		$address = ask("Who should the email be sent to (if any)? ",
+			default => "",
+			valid_re => qr/\@.*\./, confirm_only => 1);
+	}
+	return $address;
+}
+
+sub validate_address_list {
+	return (grep { defined $_ }
+		map { validate_address($_) } @_);
 }
 
 # Usually don't need to change anything below here.
@@ -862,11 +917,13 @@
 sub unquote_rfc2047 {
 	local ($_) = @_;
 	my $encoding;
-	if (s/=\?([^?]+)\?q\?(.*)\?=/$2/g) {
+	s{=\?([^?]+)\?q\?(.*?)\?=}{
 		$encoding = $1;
-		s/_/ /g;
-		s/=([0-9A-F]{2})/chr(hex($1))/eg;
-	}
+		my $e = $2;
+		$e =~ s/_/ /g;
+		$e =~ s/=([0-9A-F]{2})/chr(hex($1))/eg;
+		$e;
+	}eg;
 	return wantarray ? ($_, $encoding) : $_;
 }
 
@@ -886,9 +943,29 @@
 	$s =~ m/^(?:"[[:ascii:]]*"|=\?$token\?$token\?$encoded_text\?=)$/o;
 }
 
+sub subject_needs_rfc2047_quoting {
+	my $s = shift;
+
+	return ($s =~ /[^[:ascii:]]/) || ($s =~ /=\?/);
+}
+
+sub quote_subject {
+	local $subject = shift;
+	my $encoding = shift || 'UTF-8';
+
+	if (subject_needs_rfc2047_quoting($subject)) {
+		return quote_rfc2047($subject, $encoding);
+	}
+	return $subject;
+}
+
 # use the simplest quoting being able to handle the recipient
 sub sanitize_address {
 	my ($recipient) = @_;
+
+	# remove garbage after email address
+	$recipient =~ s/(.*>).*$/$1/;
+
 	my ($recipient_name, $recipient_addr) = ($recipient =~ /^(.*?)\s*(<.*)/);
 
 	if (not $recipient_name) {
@@ -916,6 +993,10 @@
 
 }
 
+sub sanitize_address_list {
+	return (map { sanitize_address($_) } @_);
+}
+
 # Returns the local Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) if available.
 #
 # Tightly configured MTAa require that a caller sends a real DNS
@@ -972,20 +1053,60 @@
 	return maildomain_net() || maildomain_mta() || 'localhost.localdomain';
 }
 
+sub smtp_host_string {
+	if (defined $smtp_server_port) {
+		return "$smtp_server:$smtp_server_port";
+	} else {
+		return $smtp_server;
+	}
+}
+
+# Returns 1 if authentication succeeded or was not necessary
+# (smtp_user was not specified), and 0 otherwise.
+
+sub smtp_auth_maybe {
+	if (!defined $smtp_authuser || $auth) {
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	# Workaround AUTH PLAIN/LOGIN interaction defect
+	# with Authen::SASL::Cyrus
+	eval {
+		require Authen::SASL;
+		Authen::SASL->import(qw(Perl));
+	};
+
+	# TODO: Authentication may fail not because credentials were
+	# invalid but due to other reasons, in which we should not
+	# reject credentials.
+	$auth = Git::credential({
+		'protocol' => 'smtp',
+		'host' => smtp_host_string(),
+		'username' => $smtp_authuser,
+		# if there's no password, "git credential fill" will
+		# give us one, otherwise it'll just pass this one.
+		'password' => $smtp_authpass
+	}, sub {
+		my $cred = shift;
+		return !!$smtp->auth($cred->{'username'}, $cred->{'password'});
+	});
+
+	return $auth;
+}
+
 # Returns 1 if the message was sent, and 0 otherwise.
 # In actuality, the whole program dies when there
 # is an error sending a message.
 
 sub send_message {
 	my @recipients = unique_email_list(@to);
-	@cc = (grep { my $cc = extract_valid_address($_);
+	@cc = (grep { my $cc = extract_valid_address_or_die($_);
 		      not grep { $cc eq $_ || $_ =~ /<\Q${cc}\E>$/ } @recipients
 		    }
-	       map { sanitize_address($_) }
 	       @cc);
 	my $to = join (",\n\t", @recipients);
 	@recipients = unique_email_list(@recipients,@cc,@bcclist);
-	@recipients = (map { extract_valid_address($_) } @recipients);
+	@recipients = (map { extract_valid_address_or_die($_) } @recipients);
 	my $date = format_2822_time($time++);
 	my $gitversion = '@@GIT_VERSION@@';
 	if ($gitversion =~ m/..GIT_VERSION../) {
@@ -997,10 +1118,9 @@
 	if ($cc ne '') {
 		$ccline = "\nCc: $cc";
 	}
-	my $sanitized_sender = sanitize_address($sender);
 	make_message_id() unless defined($message_id);
 
-	my $header = "From: $sanitized_sender
+	my $header = "From: $sender
 To: $to${ccline}
 Subject: $subject
 Date: $date
@@ -1017,7 +1137,7 @@
 	}
 
 	my @sendmail_parameters = ('-i', @recipients);
-	my $raw_from = $sanitized_sender;
+	my $raw_from = $sender;
 	if (defined $envelope_sender && $envelope_sender ne "auto") {
 		$raw_from = $envelope_sender;
 	}
@@ -1083,9 +1203,7 @@
 		else {
 			require Net::SMTP;
 			$smtp_domain ||= maildomain();
-			$smtp ||= Net::SMTP->new((defined $smtp_server_port)
-						 ? "$smtp_server:$smtp_server_port"
-						 : $smtp_server,
+			$smtp ||= Net::SMTP->new(smtp_host_string(),
 						 Hello => $smtp_domain,
 						 Debug => $debug_net_smtp);
 			if ($smtp_encryption eq 'tls' && $smtp) {
@@ -1113,31 +1231,7 @@
 			    defined $smtp_server_port ? " port=$smtp_server_port" : "";
 		}
 
-		if (defined $smtp_authuser) {
-			# Workaround AUTH PLAIN/LOGIN interaction defect
-			# with Authen::SASL::Cyrus
-			eval {
-				require Authen::SASL;
-				Authen::SASL->import(qw(Perl));
-			};
-
-			if (!defined $smtp_authpass) {
-
-				system "stty -echo";
-
-				do {
-					print "Password: ";
-					$_ = <STDIN>;
-					print "\n";
-				} while (!defined $_);
-
-				chomp($smtp_authpass = $_);
-
-				system "stty echo";
-			}
-
-			$auth ||= $smtp->auth( $smtp_authuser, $smtp_authpass ) or die $smtp->message;
-		}
+		smtp_auth_maybe or die $smtp->message;
 
 		$smtp->mail( $raw_from ) or die $smtp->message;
 		$smtp->to( @recipients ) or die $smtp->message;
@@ -1180,6 +1274,7 @@
 	open my $fh, "<", $t or die "can't open file $t";
 
 	my $author = undef;
+	my $sauthor = undef;
 	my $author_encoding;
 	my $has_content_type;
 	my $body_encoding;
@@ -1213,27 +1308,30 @@
 		}
 
 		if (defined $input_format && $input_format eq 'mbox') {
-			if (/^Subject:\s+(.*)$/) {
+			if (/^Subject:\s+(.*)$/i) {
 				$subject = $1;
 			}
-			elsif (/^From:\s+(.*)$/) {
+			elsif (/^From:\s+(.*)$/i) {
 				($author, $author_encoding) = unquote_rfc2047($1);
+				$sauthor = sanitize_address($author);
 				next if $suppress_cc{'author'};
-				next if $suppress_cc{'self'} and $author eq $sender;
+				next if $suppress_cc{'self'} and $sauthor eq $sender;
 				printf("(mbox) Adding cc: %s from line '%s'\n",
 					$1, $_) unless $quiet;
 				push @cc, $1;
 			}
-			elsif (/^To:\s+(.*)$/) {
+			elsif (/^To:\s+(.*)$/i) {
 				foreach my $addr (parse_address_line($1)) {
 					printf("(mbox) Adding to: %s from line '%s'\n",
 						$addr, $_) unless $quiet;
-					push @to, sanitize_address($addr);
+					push @to, $addr;
 				}
 			}
-			elsif (/^Cc:\s+(.*)$/) {
+			elsif (/^Cc:\s+(.*)$/i) {
 				foreach my $addr (parse_address_line($1)) {
-					if (unquote_rfc2047($addr) eq $sender) {
+					my $qaddr = unquote_rfc2047($addr);
+					my $saddr = sanitize_address($qaddr);
+					if ($saddr eq $sender) {
 						next if ($suppress_cc{'self'});
 					} else {
 						next if ($suppress_cc{'cc'});
@@ -1253,7 +1351,7 @@
 			elsif (/^Message-Id: (.*)/i) {
 				$message_id = $1;
 			}
-			elsif (!/^Date:\s/ && /^[-A-Za-z]+:\s+\S/) {
+			elsif (!/^Date:\s/i && /^[-A-Za-z]+:\s+\S/) {
 				push @xh, $_;
 			}
 
@@ -1280,7 +1378,8 @@
 			chomp;
 			my ($what, $c) = ($1, $2);
 			chomp $c;
-			if ($c eq $sender) {
+			my $sc = sanitize_address($c);
+			if ($sc eq $sender) {
 				next if ($suppress_cc{'self'});
 			} else {
 				next if $suppress_cc{'sob'} and $what =~ /Signed-off-by/i;
@@ -1307,10 +1406,10 @@
 	}
 
 	if ($broken_encoding{$t} && !is_rfc2047_quoted($subject)) {
-		$subject = quote_rfc2047($subject, $auto_8bit_encoding);
+		$subject = quote_subject($subject, $auto_8bit_encoding);
 	}
 
-	if (defined $author and $author ne $sender) {
+	if (defined $sauthor and $sauthor ne $sender) {
 		$message = "From: $author\n\n$message";
 		if (defined $author_encoding) {
 			if ($has_content_type) {
@@ -1337,6 +1436,9 @@
 		($confirm =~ /^(?:auto|compose)$/ && $compose && $message_num == 1));
 	$needs_confirm = "inform" if ($needs_confirm && $confirm_unconfigured && @cc);
 
+	@to = validate_address_list(sanitize_address_list(@to));
+	@cc = validate_address_list(sanitize_address_list(@cc));
+
 	@to = (@initial_to, @to);
 	@cc = (@initial_cc, @cc);
 
@@ -1361,15 +1463,14 @@
 sub recipients_cmd {
 	my ($prefix, $what, $cmd, $file) = @_;
 
-	my $sanitized_sender = sanitize_address($sender);
 	my @addresses = ();
-	open my $fh, "$cmd \Q$file\E |"
+	open my $fh, "-|", "$cmd \Q$file\E"
 	    or die "($prefix) Could not execute '$cmd'";
 	while (my $address = <$fh>) {
 		$address =~ s/^\s*//g;
 		$address =~ s/\s*$//g;
 		$address = sanitize_address($address);
-		next if ($address eq $sanitized_sender and $suppress_from);
+		next if ($address eq $sender and $suppress_cc{'self'});
 		push @addresses, $address;
 		printf("($prefix) Adding %s: %s from: '%s'\n",
 		       $what, $address, $cmd) unless $quiet;
@@ -1392,14 +1493,10 @@
 	my @emails;
 
 	foreach my $entry (@_) {
-		if (my $clean = extract_valid_address($entry)) {
-			$seen{$clean} ||= 0;
-			next if $seen{$clean}++;
-			push @emails, $entry;
-		} else {
-			print STDERR "W: unable to extract a valid address",
-					" from: $entry\n";
-		}
+		my $clean = extract_valid_address_or_die($entry);
+		$seen{$clean} ||= 0;
+		next if $seen{$clean}++;
+		push @emails, $entry;
 	}
 	return @emails;
 }
@@ -1413,7 +1510,7 @@
 			return "$.: patch contains a line longer than 998 characters";
 		}
 	}
-	return undef;
+	return;
 }
 
 sub file_has_nonascii {
diff --git a/git-sh-setup.sh b/git-sh-setup.sh
index 770a86e..2f78359 100644
--- a/git-sh-setup.sh
+++ b/git-sh-setup.sh
@@ -9,8 +9,15 @@
 # you would cause "cd" to be taken to unexpected places.  If you
 # like CDPATH, define it for your interactive shell sessions without
 # exporting it.
+# But we protect ourselves from such a user mistake nevertheless.
 unset CDPATH
 
+# Similarly for IFS, but some shells (e.g. FreeBSD 7.2) are buggy and
+# do not equate an unset IFS with IFS with the default, so here is
+# an explicit SP HT LF.
+IFS=' 	
+'
+
 git_broken_path_fix () {
 	case ":$PATH:" in
 	*:$1:*) : ok ;;
@@ -77,14 +84,14 @@
 else
 	dashless=$(basename "$0" | sed -e 's/-/ /')
 	usage() {
-		die "Usage: $dashless $USAGE"
+		die "usage: $dashless $USAGE"
 	}
 
 	if [ -z "$LONG_USAGE" ]
 	then
-		LONG_USAGE="Usage: $dashless $USAGE"
+		LONG_USAGE="usage: $dashless $USAGE"
 	else
-		LONG_USAGE="Usage: $dashless $USAGE
+		LONG_USAGE="usage: $dashless $USAGE
 
 $LONG_USAGE"
 	fi
@@ -187,28 +194,52 @@
 	fi
 }
 
+# Generate a sed script to parse identities from a commit.
+#
+# Reads the commit from stdin, which should be in raw format (e.g., from
+# cat-file or "--pretty=raw").
+#
+# The first argument specifies the ident line to parse (e.g., "author"), and
+# the second specifies the environment variable to put it in (e.g., "AUTHOR"
+# for "GIT_AUTHOR_*"). Multiple pairs can be given to parse author and
+# committer.
+pick_ident_script () {
+	while test $# -gt 0
+	do
+		lid=$1; shift
+		uid=$1; shift
+		printf '%s' "
+		/^$lid /{
+			s/'/'\\\\''/g
+			h
+			s/^$lid "'\([^<]*\) <[^>]*> .*$/\1/'"
+			s/.*/GIT_${uid}_NAME='&'/p
+
+			g
+			s/^$lid "'[^<]* <\([^>]*\)> .*$/\1/'"
+			s/.*/GIT_${uid}_EMAIL='&'/p
+
+			g
+			s/^$lid "'[^<]* <[^>]*> \(.*\)$/@\1/'"
+			s/.*/GIT_${uid}_DATE='&'/p
+		}
+		"
+	done
+	echo '/^$/q'
+}
+
+# Create a pick-script as above and feed it to sed. Stdout is suitable for
+# feeding to eval.
+parse_ident_from_commit () {
+	LANG=C LC_ALL=C sed -ne "$(pick_ident_script "$@")"
+}
+
+# Parse the author from a commit given as an argument. Stdout is suitable for
+# feeding to eval to set the usual GIT_* ident variables.
 get_author_ident_from_commit () {
-	pick_author_script='
-	/^author /{
-		s/'\''/'\''\\'\'\''/g
-		h
-		s/^author \([^<]*\) <[^>]*> .*$/\1/
-		s/.*/GIT_AUTHOR_NAME='\''&'\''/p
-
-		g
-		s/^author [^<]* <\([^>]*\)> .*$/\1/
-		s/.*/GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL='\''&'\''/p
-
-		g
-		s/^author [^<]* <[^>]*> \(.*\)$/@\1/
-		s/.*/GIT_AUTHOR_DATE='\''&'\''/p
-
-		q
-	}
-	'
 	encoding=$(git config i18n.commitencoding || echo UTF-8)
 	git show -s --pretty=raw --encoding="$encoding" "$1" -- |
-	LANG=C LC_ALL=C sed -ne "$pick_author_script"
+	parse_ident_from_commit author AUTHOR
 }
 
 # Clear repo-local GIT_* environment variables. Useful when switching to
@@ -218,6 +249,18 @@
 	unset $(git rev-parse --local-env-vars)
 }
 
+# Generate a virtual base file for a two-file merge. Uses git apply to
+# remove lines from $1 that are not in $2, leaving only common lines.
+create_virtual_base() {
+	sz0=$(wc -c <"$1")
+	@@DIFF@@ -u -La/"$1" -Lb/"$1" "$1" "$2" | git apply --no-add
+	sz1=$(wc -c <"$1")
+
+	# If we do not have enough common material, it is not
+	# worth trying two-file merge using common subsections.
+	expr $sz0 \< $sz1 \* 2 >/dev/null || : >"$1"
+}
+
 
 # Platform specific tweaks to work around some commands
 case $(uname -s) in
diff --git a/git-stash.sh b/git-stash.sh
index 4e2c7f8..bbefdf6 100755
--- a/git-stash.sh
+++ b/git-stash.sh
@@ -469,6 +469,7 @@
 	else
 		# Merge conflict; keep the exit status from merge-recursive
 		status=$?
+		git rerere
 		if test -n "$INDEX_OPTION"
 		then
 			gettextln "Index was not unstashed." >&2
diff --git a/git-submodule.sh b/git-submodule.sh
index 5c61ae2..48bdf84 100755
--- a/git-submodule.sh
+++ b/git-submodule.sh
@@ -1,17 +1,18 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 #
-# git-submodules.sh: add, init, update or list git submodules
+# git-submodule.sh: add, init, update or list git submodules
 #
 # Copyright (c) 2007 Lars Hjemli
 
 dashless=$(basename "$0" | sed -e 's/-/ /')
-USAGE="[--quiet] add [-b branch] [-f|--force] [--reference <repository>] [--] <repository> [<path>]
+USAGE="[--quiet] add [-b <branch>] [-f|--force] [--name <name>] [--reference <repository>] [--] <repository> [<path>]
    or: $dashless [--quiet] status [--cached] [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]
    or: $dashless [--quiet] init [--] [<path>...]
-   or: $dashless [--quiet] update [--init] [-N|--no-fetch] [-f|--force] [--rebase] [--reference <repository>] [--merge] [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]
+   or: $dashless [--quiet] deinit [-f|--force] [--] <path>...
+   or: $dashless [--quiet] update [--init] [--remote] [-N|--no-fetch] [-f|--force] [--rebase] [--reference <repository>] [--merge] [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]
    or: $dashless [--quiet] summary [--cached|--files] [--summary-limit <n>] [commit] [--] [<path>...]
    or: $dashless [--quiet] foreach [--recursive] <command>
-   or: $dashless [--quiet] sync [--] [<path>...]"
+   or: $dashless [--quiet] sync [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]"
 OPTIONS_SPEC=
 . git-sh-setup
 . git-sh-i18n
@@ -26,11 +27,28 @@
 recursive=
 init=
 files=
+remote=
 nofetch=
 update=
 prefix=
+custom_name=
 
-# Resolve relative url by appending to parent's url
+# The function takes at most 2 arguments. The first argument is the
+# URL that navigates to the submodule origin repo. When relative, this URL
+# is relative to the superproject origin URL repo. The second up_path
+# argument, if specified, is the relative path that navigates
+# from the submodule working tree to the superproject working tree.
+#
+# The output of the function is the origin URL of the submodule.
+#
+# The output will either be an absolute URL or filesystem path (if the
+# superproject origin URL is an absolute URL or filesystem path,
+# respectively) or a relative file system path (if the superproject
+# origin URL is a relative file system path).
+#
+# When the output is a relative file system path, the path is either
+# relative to the submodule working tree, if up_path is specified, or to
+# the superproject working tree otherwise.
 resolve_relative_url ()
 {
 	remote=$(get_default_remote)
@@ -39,6 +57,21 @@
 	url="$1"
 	remoteurl=${remoteurl%/}
 	sep=/
+	up_path="$2"
+
+	case "$remoteurl" in
+	*:*|/*)
+		is_relative=
+		;;
+	./*|../*)
+		is_relative=t
+		;;
+	*)
+		is_relative=t
+		remoteurl="./$remoteurl"
+		;;
+	esac
+
 	while test -n "$url"
 	do
 		case "$url" in
@@ -53,7 +86,12 @@
 				sep=:
 				;;
 			*)
-				die "$(eval_gettext "cannot strip one component off url '\$remoteurl'")"
+				if test -z "$is_relative" || test "." = "$remoteurl"
+				then
+					die "$(eval_gettext "cannot strip one component off url '\$remoteurl'")"
+				else
+					remoteurl=.
+				fi
 				;;
 			esac
 			;;
@@ -64,7 +102,8 @@
 			break;;
 		esac
 	done
-	echo "$remoteurl$sep${url%/}"
+	remoteurl="$remoteurl$sep${url%/}"
+	echo "${is_relative:+${up_path}}${remoteurl#./}"
 }
 
 #
@@ -73,26 +112,75 @@
 #
 module_list()
 {
-	git ls-files --error-unmatch --stage -- "$@" |
+	(
+		git ls-files -z --error-unmatch --stage -- "$@" ||
+		echo "unmatched pathspec exists"
+	) |
 	perl -e '
 	my %unmerged = ();
 	my ($null_sha1) = ("0" x 40);
+	my @out = ();
+	my $unmatched = 0;
+	$/ = "\0";
 	while (<STDIN>) {
+		if (/^unmatched pathspec/) {
+			$unmatched = 1;
+			next;
+		}
 		chomp;
 		my ($mode, $sha1, $stage, $path) =
 			/^([0-7]+) ([0-9a-f]{40}) ([0-3])\t(.*)$/;
 		next unless $mode eq "160000";
 		if ($stage ne "0") {
 			if (!$unmerged{$path}++) {
-				print "$mode $null_sha1 U\t$path\n";
+				push @out, "$mode $null_sha1 U\t$path\n";
 			}
 			next;
 		}
-		print "$_\n";
+		push @out, "$_\n";
+	}
+	if ($unmatched) {
+		print "#unmatched\n";
+	} else {
+		print for (@out);
 	}
 	'
 }
 
+die_if_unmatched ()
+{
+	if test "$1" = "#unmatched"
+	then
+		exit 1
+	fi
+}
+
+#
+# Print a submodule configuration setting
+#
+# $1 = submodule name
+# $2 = option name
+# $3 = default value
+#
+# Checks in the usual git-config places first (for overrides),
+# otherwise it falls back on .gitmodules.  This allows you to
+# distribute project-wide defaults in .gitmodules, while still
+# customizing individual repositories if necessary.  If the option is
+# not in .gitmodules either, print a default value.
+#
+get_submodule_config () {
+	name="$1"
+	option="$2"
+	default="$3"
+	value=$(git config submodule."$name"."$option")
+	if test -z "$value"
+	then
+		value=$(git config -f .gitmodules submodule."$name"."$option")
+	fi
+	printf '%s' "${value:-$default}"
+}
+
+
 #
 # Map submodule path to submodule name
 #
@@ -121,8 +209,9 @@
 module_clone()
 {
 	sm_path=$1
-	url=$2
-	reference="$3"
+	name=$2
+	url=$3
+	reference="$4"
 	quiet=
 	if test -n "$GIT_QUIET"
 	then
@@ -131,8 +220,6 @@
 
 	gitdir=
 	gitdir_base=
-	name=$(module_name "$sm_path" 2>/dev/null)
-	test -n "$name" || name="$sm_path"
 	base_name=$(dirname "$name")
 
 	gitdir=$(git rev-parse --git-dir)
@@ -145,13 +232,18 @@
 		rm -f "$gitdir/index"
 	else
 		mkdir -p "$gitdir_base"
-		git clone $quiet -n ${reference:+"$reference"} \
-			--separate-git-dir "$gitdir" "$url" "$sm_path" ||
+		(
+			clear_local_git_env
+			git clone $quiet -n ${reference:+"$reference"} \
+				--separate-git-dir "$gitdir" "$url" "$sm_path"
+		) ||
 		die "$(eval_gettext "Clone of '\$url' into submodule path '\$sm_path' failed")"
 	fi
 
-	a=$(cd "$gitdir" && pwd)/
-	b=$(cd "$sm_path" && pwd)/
+	# We already are at the root of the work tree but cd_to_toplevel will
+	# resolve any symlinks that might be present in $PWD
+	a=$(cd_to_toplevel && cd "$gitdir" && pwd)/
+	b=$(cd_to_toplevel && cd "$sm_path" && pwd)/
 	# normalize Windows-style absolute paths to POSIX-style absolute paths
 	case $a in [a-zA-Z]:/*) a=/${a%%:*}${a#*:} ;; esac
 	case $b in [a-zA-Z]:/*) b=/${b%%:*}${b#*:} ;; esac
@@ -176,6 +268,11 @@
 	(clear_local_git_env; cd "$sm_path" && GIT_WORK_TREE=. git config core.worktree "$rel/$b")
 }
 
+isnumber()
+{
+	n=$(($1 + 0)) 2>/dev/null && test "$n" = "$1"
+}
+
 #
 # Add a new submodule to the working tree, .gitmodules and the index
 #
@@ -207,6 +304,10 @@
 			;;
 		--reference=*)
 			reference="$1"
+			;;
+		--name)
+			case "$2" in '') usage ;; esac
+			custom_name=$2
 			shift
 			;;
 		--)
@@ -273,6 +374,13 @@
 		exit 1
 	fi
 
+	if test -n "$custom_name"
+	then
+		sm_name="$custom_name"
+	else
+		sm_name="$sm_path"
+	fi
+
 	# perhaps the path exists and is already a git repo, else clone it
 	if test -e "$sm_path"
 	then
@@ -284,8 +392,21 @@
 		fi
 
 	else
-
-		module_clone "$sm_path" "$realrepo" "$reference" || exit
+		if test -d ".git/modules/$sm_name"
+		then
+			if test -z "$force"
+			then
+				echo >&2 "$(eval_gettext "A git directory for '\$sm_name' is found locally with remote(s):")"
+				GIT_DIR=".git/modules/$sm_name" GIT_WORK_TREE=. git remote -v | grep '(fetch)' | sed -e s,^,"  ", -e s,' (fetch)',, >&2
+				echo >&2 "$(eval_gettext "If you want to reuse this local git directory instead of cloning again from")"
+				echo >&2 "  $realrepo"
+				echo >&2 "$(eval_gettext "use the '--force' option. If the local git directory is not the correct repo")"
+				die "$(eval_gettext "or you are unsure what this means choose another name with the '--name' option.")"
+			else
+				echo "$(eval_gettext "Reactivating local git directory for submodule '\$sm_name'.")"
+			fi
+		fi
+		module_clone "$sm_path" "$sm_name" "$realrepo" "$reference" || exit
 		(
 			clear_local_git_env
 			cd "$sm_path" &&
@@ -296,13 +417,17 @@
 			esac
 		) || die "$(eval_gettext "Unable to checkout submodule '\$sm_path'")"
 	fi
-	git config submodule."$sm_path".url "$realrepo"
+	git config submodule."$sm_name".url "$realrepo"
 
 	git add $force "$sm_path" ||
 	die "$(eval_gettext "Failed to add submodule '\$sm_path'")"
 
-	git config -f .gitmodules submodule."$sm_path".path "$sm_path" &&
-	git config -f .gitmodules submodule."$sm_path".url "$repo" &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule."$sm_name".path "$sm_path" &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule."$sm_name".url "$repo" &&
+	if test -n "$branch"
+	then
+		git config -f .gitmodules submodule."$sm_name".branch "$branch"
+	fi &&
 	git add --force .gitmodules ||
 	die "$(eval_gettext "Failed to register submodule '\$sm_path'")"
 }
@@ -344,6 +469,7 @@
 	module_list |
 	while read mode sha1 stage sm_path
 	do
+		die_if_unmatched "$mode"
 		if test -e "$sm_path"/.git
 		then
 			say "$(eval_gettext "Entering '\$prefix\$sm_path'")"
@@ -396,6 +522,7 @@
 	module_list "$@" |
 	while read mode sha1 stage sm_path
 	do
+		die_if_unmatched "$mode"
 		name=$(module_name "$sm_path") || exit
 
 		# Copy url setting when it is not set yet
@@ -427,6 +554,82 @@
 }
 
 #
+# Unregister submodules from .git/config and remove their work tree
+#
+# $@ = requested paths (use '.' to deinit all submodules)
+#
+cmd_deinit()
+{
+	# parse $args after "submodule ... deinit".
+	while test $# -ne 0
+	do
+		case "$1" in
+		-f|--force)
+			force=$1
+			;;
+		-q|--quiet)
+			GIT_QUIET=1
+			;;
+		--)
+			shift
+			break
+			;;
+		-*)
+			usage
+			;;
+		*)
+			break
+			;;
+		esac
+		shift
+	done
+
+	if test $# = 0
+	then
+		die "$(eval_gettext "Use '.' if you really want to deinitialize all submodules")"
+	fi
+
+	module_list "$@" |
+	while read mode sha1 stage sm_path
+	do
+		die_if_unmatched "$mode"
+		name=$(module_name "$sm_path") || exit
+
+		# Remove the submodule work tree (unless the user already did it)
+		if test -d "$sm_path"
+		then
+			# Protect submodules containing a .git directory
+			if test -d "$sm_path/.git"
+			then
+				echo >&2 "$(eval_gettext "Submodule work tree '\$sm_path' contains a .git directory")"
+				die "$(eval_gettext "(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)")"
+			fi
+
+			if test -z "$force"
+			then
+				git rm -qn "$sm_path" ||
+				die "$(eval_gettext "Submodule work tree '\$sm_path' contains local modifications; use '-f' to discard them")"
+			fi
+			rm -rf "$sm_path" &&
+			say "$(eval_gettext "Cleared directory '\$sm_path'")" ||
+			say "$(eval_gettext "Could not remove submodule work tree '\$sm_path'")"
+		fi
+
+		mkdir "$sm_path" || say "$(eval_gettext "Could not create empty submodule directory '\$sm_path'")"
+
+		# Remove the .git/config entries (unless the user already did it)
+		if test -n "$(git config --get-regexp submodule."$name\.")"
+		then
+			# Remove the whole section so we have a clean state when
+			# the user later decides to init this submodule again
+			url=$(git config submodule."$name".url)
+			git config --remove-section submodule."$name" 2>/dev/null &&
+			say "$(eval_gettext "Submodule '\$name' (\$url) unregistered for path '\$sm_path'")"
+		fi
+	done
+}
+
+#
 # Update each submodule path to correct revision, using clone and checkout as needed
 #
 # $@ = requested paths (default to all)
@@ -444,6 +647,9 @@
 		-i|--init)
 			init=1
 			;;
+		--remote)
+			remote=1
+			;;
 		-N|--no-fetch)
 			nofetch=1
 			;;
@@ -496,13 +702,15 @@
 	err=
 	while read mode sha1 stage sm_path
 	do
+		die_if_unmatched "$mode"
 		if test "$stage" = U
 		then
-			echo >&2 "Skipping unmerged submodule $sm_path"
+			echo >&2 "Skipping unmerged submodule $prefix$sm_path"
 			continue
 		fi
 		name=$(module_name "$sm_path") || exit
 		url=$(git config submodule."$name".url)
+		branch=$(get_submodule_config "$name" branch master)
 		if ! test -z "$update"
 		then
 			update_module=$update
@@ -512,7 +720,7 @@
 
 		if test "$update_module" = "none"
 		then
-			echo "Skipping submodule '$sm_path'"
+			echo "Skipping submodule '$prefix$sm_path'"
 			continue
 		fi
 
@@ -521,23 +729,37 @@
 			# Only mention uninitialized submodules when its
 			# path have been specified
 			test "$#" != "0" &&
-			say "$(eval_gettext "Submodule path '\$sm_path' not initialized
+			say "$(eval_gettext "Submodule path '\$prefix\$sm_path' not initialized
 Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?")"
 			continue
 		fi
 
 		if ! test -d "$sm_path"/.git -o -f "$sm_path"/.git
 		then
-			module_clone "$sm_path" "$url" "$reference"|| exit
+			module_clone "$sm_path" "$name" "$url" "$reference" || exit
 			cloned_modules="$cloned_modules;$name"
 			subsha1=
 		else
 			subsha1=$(clear_local_git_env; cd "$sm_path" &&
 				git rev-parse --verify HEAD) ||
-			die "$(eval_gettext "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '\$sm_path'")"
+			die "$(eval_gettext "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '\$prefix\$sm_path'")"
 		fi
 
-		if test "$subsha1" != "$sha1"
+		if test -n "$remote"
+		then
+			if test -z "$nofetch"
+			then
+				# Fetch remote before determining tracking $sha1
+				(clear_local_git_env; cd "$sm_path" && git-fetch) ||
+				die "$(eval_gettext "Unable to fetch in submodule path '\$sm_path'")"
+			fi
+			remote_name=$(clear_local_git_env; cd "$sm_path" && get_default_remote)
+			sha1=$(clear_local_git_env; cd "$sm_path" &&
+				git rev-parse --verify "${remote_name}/${branch}") ||
+			die "$(eval_gettext "Unable to find current ${remote_name}/${branch} revision in submodule path '\$sm_path'")"
+		fi
+
+		if test "$subsha1" != "$sha1" -o -n "$force"
 		then
 			subforce=$force
 			# If we don't already have a -f flag and the submodule has never been checked out
@@ -553,7 +775,7 @@
 				(clear_local_git_env; cd "$sm_path" &&
 					( (rev=$(git rev-list -n 1 $sha1 --not --all 2>/dev/null) &&
 					 test -z "$rev") || git-fetch)) ||
-				die "$(eval_gettext "Unable to fetch in submodule path '\$sm_path'")"
+				die "$(eval_gettext "Unable to fetch in submodule path '\$prefix\$sm_path'")"
 			fi
 
 			# Is this something we just cloned?
@@ -567,20 +789,20 @@
 			case "$update_module" in
 			rebase)
 				command="git rebase"
-				die_msg="$(eval_gettext "Unable to rebase '\$sha1' in submodule path '\$sm_path'")"
-				say_msg="$(eval_gettext "Submodule path '\$sm_path': rebased into '\$sha1'")"
+				die_msg="$(eval_gettext "Unable to rebase '\$sha1' in submodule path '\$prefix\$sm_path'")"
+				say_msg="$(eval_gettext "Submodule path '\$prefix\$sm_path': rebased into '\$sha1'")"
 				must_die_on_failure=yes
 				;;
 			merge)
 				command="git merge"
-				die_msg="$(eval_gettext "Unable to merge '\$sha1' in submodule path '\$sm_path'")"
-				say_msg="$(eval_gettext "Submodule path '\$sm_path': merged in '\$sha1'")"
+				die_msg="$(eval_gettext "Unable to merge '\$sha1' in submodule path '\$prefix\$sm_path'")"
+				say_msg="$(eval_gettext "Submodule path '\$prefix\$sm_path': merged in '\$sha1'")"
 				must_die_on_failure=yes
 				;;
 			*)
 				command="git checkout $subforce -q"
-				die_msg="$(eval_gettext "Unable to checkout '\$sha1' in submodule path '\$sm_path'")"
-				say_msg="$(eval_gettext "Submodule path '\$sm_path': checked out '\$sha1'")"
+				die_msg="$(eval_gettext "Unable to checkout '\$sha1' in submodule path '\$prefix\$sm_path'")"
+				say_msg="$(eval_gettext "Submodule path '\$prefix\$sm_path': checked out '\$sha1'")"
 				;;
 			esac
 
@@ -598,11 +820,16 @@
 
 		if test -n "$recursive"
 		then
-			(clear_local_git_env; cd "$sm_path" && eval cmd_update "$orig_flags")
+			(
+				prefix="$prefix$sm_path/"
+				clear_local_git_env
+				cd "$sm_path" &&
+				eval cmd_update "$orig_flags"
+			)
 			res=$?
 			if test $res -gt 0
 			then
-				die_msg="$(eval_gettext "Failed to recurse into submodule path '\$sm_path'")"
+				die_msg="$(eval_gettext "Failed to recurse into submodule path '\$prefix\$sm_path'")"
 				if test $res -eq 1
 				then
 					err="${err};$die_msg"
@@ -670,14 +897,14 @@
 			for_status="$1"
 			;;
 		-n|--summary-limit)
-			if summary_limit=$(($2 + 0)) 2>/dev/null && test "$summary_limit" = "$2"
-			then
-				:
-			else
-				usage
-			fi
+			summary_limit="$2"
+			isnumber "$summary_limit" || usage
 			shift
 			;;
+		--summary-limit=*)
+			summary_limit="${1#--summary-limit=}"
+			isnumber "$summary_limit" || usage
+			;;
 		--)
 			shift
 			break
@@ -710,7 +937,7 @@
 	if [ -n "$files" ]
 	then
 		test -n "$cached" &&
-		die "$(gettext -- "--cached cannot be used with --files")"
+		die "$(gettext "The --cached option cannot be used with the --files option")"
 		diff_cmd=diff-files
 		head=
 	fi
@@ -837,12 +1064,12 @@
 	done |
 	if test -n "$for_status"; then
 		if [ -n "$files" ]; then
-			gettextln "# Submodules changed but not updated:"
+			gettextln "Submodules changed but not updated:" | git stripspace -c
 		else
-			gettextln "# Submodule changes to be committed:"
+			gettextln "Submodule changes to be committed:" | git stripspace -c
 		fi
-		echo "#"
-		sed -e 's|^|# |' -e 's|^# $|#|'
+		printf "\n" | git stripspace -c
+		git stripspace -c
 	else
 		cat
 	fi
@@ -860,7 +1087,6 @@
 cmd_status()
 {
 	# parse $args after "submodule ... status".
-	orig_flags=
 	while test $# -ne 0
 	do
 		case "$1" in
@@ -884,13 +1110,13 @@
 			break
 			;;
 		esac
-		orig_flags="$orig_flags $(git rev-parse --sq-quote "$1")"
 		shift
 	done
 
 	module_list "$@" |
 	while read mode sha1 stage sm_path
 	do
+		die_if_unmatched "$mode"
 		name=$(module_name "$sm_path") || exit
 		url=$(git config submodule."$name".url)
 		displaypath="$prefix$sm_path"
@@ -923,7 +1149,7 @@
 				prefix="$displaypath/"
 				clear_local_git_env
 				cd "$sm_path" &&
-				eval cmd_status "$orig_args"
+				eval cmd_status
 			) ||
 			die "$(eval_gettext "Failed to recurse into submodule path '\$sm_path'")"
 		fi
@@ -943,6 +1169,10 @@
 			GIT_QUIET=1
 			shift
 			;;
+		--recursive)
+			recursive=1
+			shift
+			;;
 		--)
 			shift
 			break
@@ -959,20 +1189,33 @@
 	module_list "$@" |
 	while read mode sha1 stage sm_path
 	do
+		die_if_unmatched "$mode"
 		name=$(module_name "$sm_path")
 		url=$(git config -f .gitmodules --get submodule."$name".url)
 
 		# Possibly a url relative to parent
 		case "$url" in
 		./*|../*)
-			url=$(resolve_relative_url "$url") || exit
+			# rewrite foo/bar as ../.. to find path from
+			# submodule work tree to superproject work tree
+			up_path="$(echo "$sm_path" | sed "s/[^/][^/]*/../g")" &&
+			# guarantee a trailing /
+			up_path=${up_path%/}/ &&
+			# path from submodule work tree to submodule origin repo
+			sub_origin_url=$(resolve_relative_url "$url" "$up_path") &&
+			# path from superproject work tree to submodule origin repo
+			super_config_url=$(resolve_relative_url "$url") || exit
+			;;
+		*)
+			sub_origin_url="$url"
+			super_config_url="$url"
 			;;
 		esac
 
 		if git config "submodule.$name.url" >/dev/null 2>/dev/null
 		then
-			say "$(eval_gettext "Synchronizing submodule url for '\$name'")"
-			git config submodule."$name".url "$url"
+			say "$(eval_gettext "Synchronizing submodule url for '\$prefix\$sm_path'")"
+			git config submodule."$name".url "$super_config_url"
 
 			if test -e "$sm_path"/.git
 			then
@@ -980,7 +1223,13 @@
 				clear_local_git_env
 				cd "$sm_path"
 				remote=$(get_default_remote)
-				git config remote."$remote".url "$url"
+				git config remote."$remote".url "$sub_origin_url"
+
+				if test -n "$recursive"
+				then
+					prefix="$prefix$sm_path/"
+					eval cmd_sync
+				fi
 			)
 			fi
 		fi
@@ -996,7 +1245,7 @@
 while test $# != 0 && test -z "$command"
 do
 	case "$1" in
-	add | foreach | init | update | status | summary | sync)
+	add | foreach | init | deinit | update | status | summary | sync)
 		command=$1
 		;;
 	-q|--quiet)
@@ -1027,7 +1276,15 @@
 done
 
 # No command word defaults to "status"
-test -n "$command" || command=status
+if test -z "$command"
+then
+    if test $# = 0
+    then
+	command=status
+    else
+	usage
+    fi
+fi
 
 # "-b branch" is accepted only by "add"
 if test -n "$branch" && test "$command" != add
diff --git a/git-svn.perl b/git-svn.perl
index 0b074c4..d070de0 100755
--- a/git-svn.perl
+++ b/git-svn.perl
@@ -10,17 +10,58 @@
 $AUTHOR = 'Eric Wong <normalperson@yhbt.net>';
 $VERSION = '@@GIT_VERSION@@';
 
+use Carp qw/croak/;
+use Digest::MD5;
+use IO::File qw//;
+use File::Basename qw/dirname basename/;
+use File::Path qw/mkpath/;
+use File::Spec;
+use File::Find;
+use Getopt::Long qw/:config gnu_getopt no_ignore_case auto_abbrev/;
+use IPC::Open3;
+use Memoize;
+
+use Git::SVN;
+use Git::SVN::Editor;
+use Git::SVN::Fetcher;
+use Git::SVN::Ra;
+use Git::SVN::Prompt;
+use Git::SVN::Log;
+use Git::SVN::Migration;
+
+use Git::SVN::Utils qw(
+	fatal
+	can_compress
+	canonicalize_path
+	canonicalize_url
+	join_paths
+	add_path_to_url
+	join_paths
+);
+
+use Git qw(
+	git_cmd_try
+	command
+	command_oneline
+	command_noisy
+	command_output_pipe
+	command_close_pipe
+	command_bidi_pipe
+	command_close_bidi_pipe
+);
+
+BEGIN {
+	Memoize::memoize 'Git::config';
+	Memoize::memoize 'Git::config_bool';
+}
+
+
 # From which subdir have we been invoked?
 my $cmd_dir_prefix = eval {
 	command_oneline([qw/rev-parse --show-prefix/], STDERR => 0)
 } || '';
 
-my $git_dir_user_set = 1 if defined $ENV{GIT_DIR};
-$ENV{GIT_DIR} ||= '.git';
-$Git::SVN::default_repo_id = 'svn';
-$Git::SVN::default_ref_id = $ENV{GIT_SVN_ID} || 'git-svn';
 $Git::SVN::Ra::_log_window_size = 100;
-$Git::SVN::_minimize_url = 'unset';
 
 if (! exists $ENV{SVN_SSH} && exists $ENV{GIT_SSH}) {
 	$ENV{SVN_SSH} = $ENV{GIT_SSH};
@@ -35,8 +76,6 @@
 $ENV{TZ} = 'UTC';
 $| = 1; # unbuffer STDOUT
 
-sub fatal (@) { print STDERR "@_\n"; exit 1 }
-
 # All SVN commands do it.  Otherwise we may die on SIGPIPE when the remote
 # repository decides to close the connection which we expect to be kept alive.
 $SIG{PIPE} = 'IGNORE';
@@ -66,39 +105,6 @@
 		fatal "Need SVN::Core 1.1.0 or better (got $SVN::Core::VERSION)";
 	}
 }
-my $can_compress = eval { require Compress::Zlib; 1};
-use Carp qw/croak/;
-use Digest::MD5;
-use IO::File qw//;
-use File::Basename qw/dirname basename/;
-use File::Path qw/mkpath/;
-use File::Spec;
-use File::Find;
-use Getopt::Long qw/:config gnu_getopt no_ignore_case auto_abbrev/;
-use IPC::Open3;
-use Git;
-use Git::SVN::Editor qw//;
-use Git::SVN::Fetcher qw//;
-use Git::SVN::Ra qw//;
-use Git::SVN::Prompt qw//;
-use Memoize;  # core since 5.8.0, Jul 2002
-
-BEGIN {
-	# import functions from Git into our packages, en masse
-	no strict 'refs';
-	foreach (qw/command command_oneline command_noisy command_output_pipe
-	            command_input_pipe command_close_pipe
-	            command_bidi_pipe command_close_bidi_pipe/) {
-		for my $package ( qw(Git::SVN::Migration Git::SVN::Log Git::SVN),
-			__PACKAGE__) {
-			*{"${package}::$_"} = \&{"Git::$_"};
-		}
-	}
-	Memoize::memoize 'Git::config';
-	Memoize::memoize 'Git::config_bool';
-}
-
-my ($SVN);
 
 $sha1 = qr/[a-f\d]{40}/;
 $sha1_short = qr/[a-f\d]{4,40}/;
@@ -106,16 +112,21 @@
 	$_message, $_file, $_branch_dest,
 	$_template, $_shared,
 	$_version, $_fetch_all, $_no_rebase, $_fetch_parent,
-	$_merge, $_strategy, $_preserve_merges, $_dry_run, $_local,
+	$_before, $_after,
+	$_merge, $_strategy, $_preserve_merges, $_dry_run, $_parents, $_local,
 	$_prefix, $_no_checkout, $_url, $_verbose,
-	$_git_format, $_commit_url, $_tag, $_merge_info, $_interactive);
-$Git::SVN::_follow_parent = 1;
+	$_commit_url, $_tag, $_merge_info, $_interactive);
+
+# This is a refactoring artifact so Git::SVN can get at this git-svn switch.
+sub opt_prefix { return $_prefix || '' }
+
 $Git::SVN::Fetcher::_placeholder_filename = ".gitignore";
 $_q ||= 0;
 my %remote_opts = ( 'username=s' => \$Git::SVN::Prompt::_username,
                     'config-dir=s' => \$Git::SVN::Ra::config_dir,
                     'no-auth-cache' => \$Git::SVN::Prompt::_no_auth_cache,
                     'ignore-paths=s' => \$Git::SVN::Fetcher::_ignore_regex,
+                    'include-paths=s' => \$Git::SVN::Fetcher::_include_regex,
                     'ignore-refs=s' => \$Git::SVN::Ra::_ignore_refs_regex );
 my %fc_opts = ( 'follow-parent|follow!' => \$Git::SVN::_follow_parent,
 		'authors-file|A=s' => \$_authors,
@@ -192,6 +203,7 @@
 	            { 'message|m=s' => \$_message,
 	              'destination|d=s' => \$_branch_dest,
 	              'dry-run|n' => \$_dry_run,
+	              'parents' => \$_parents,
 	              'tag|t' => \$_tag,
 	              'username=s' => \$Git::SVN::Prompt::_username,
 	              'commit-url=s' => \$_commit_url } ],
@@ -200,6 +212,7 @@
 	         { 'message|m=s' => \$_message,
 	           'destination|d=s' => \$_branch_dest,
 	           'dry-run|n' => \$_dry_run,
+	           'parents' => \$_parents,
 	           'username=s' => \$Git::SVN::Prompt::_username,
 	           'commit-url=s' => \$_commit_url } ],
 	'set-tree' => [ \&cmd_set_tree,
@@ -247,7 +260,8 @@
 			} ],
 	'find-rev' => [ \&cmd_find_rev,
 	                "Translate between SVN revision numbers and tree-ish",
-			{} ],
+			{ 'before' => \$_before,
+			  'after' => \$_after } ],
 	'rebase' => [ \&cmd_rebase, "Fetch and rebase your working directory",
 			{ 'merge|m|M' => \$_merge,
 			  'verbose|v' => \$_verbose,
@@ -269,7 +283,7 @@
 		    { 'url' => \$_url, } ],
 	'blame' => [ \&Git::SVN::Log::cmd_blame,
 	            "Show what revision and author last modified each line of a file",
-		    { 'git-format' => \$_git_format } ],
+		    { 'git-format' => \$Git::SVN::Log::_git_format } ],
 	'reset' => [ \&cmd_reset,
 		     "Undo fetches back to the specified SVN revision",
 		     { 'revision|r=s' => \$_revision,
@@ -314,27 +328,20 @@
 };
 
 # make sure we're always running at the top-level working directory
-unless ($cmd && $cmd =~ /(?:clone|init|multi-init)$/) {
-	unless (-d $ENV{GIT_DIR}) {
-		if ($git_dir_user_set) {
-			die "GIT_DIR=$ENV{GIT_DIR} explicitly set, ",
-			    "but it is not a directory\n";
-		}
-		my $git_dir = delete $ENV{GIT_DIR};
-		my $cdup = undef;
-		git_cmd_try {
-			$cdup = command_oneline(qw/rev-parse --show-cdup/);
-			$git_dir = '.' unless ($cdup);
-			chomp $cdup if ($cdup);
-			$cdup = "." unless ($cdup && length $cdup);
-		} "Already at toplevel, but $git_dir not found\n";
-		chdir $cdup or die "Unable to chdir up to '$cdup'\n";
-		unless (-d $git_dir) {
-			die "$git_dir still not found after going to ",
-			    "'$cdup'\n";
-		}
-		$ENV{GIT_DIR} = $git_dir;
-	}
+if ($cmd && $cmd =~ /(?:clone|init|multi-init)$/) {
+	$ENV{GIT_DIR} ||= ".git";
+} else {
+	my ($git_dir, $cdup);
+	git_cmd_try {
+		$git_dir = command_oneline([qw/rev-parse --git-dir/]);
+	} "Unable to find .git directory\n";
+	git_cmd_try {
+		$cdup = command_oneline(qw/rev-parse --show-cdup/);
+		chomp $cdup if ($cdup);
+		$cdup = "." unless ($cdup && length $cdup);
+	} "Already at toplevel, but $git_dir not found\n";
+	$ENV{GIT_DIR} = $git_dir;
+	chdir $cdup or die "Unable to chdir up to '$cdup'\n";
 	$_repository = Git->repository(Repository => $ENV{GIT_DIR});
 }
 
@@ -367,9 +374,9 @@
 eval {
 	Git::SVN::verify_remotes_sanity();
 	$cmd{$cmd}->[0]->(@ARGV);
+	post_fetch_checkout();
 };
 fatal $@ if $@;
-post_fetch_checkout();
 exit 0;
 
 ####################### primary functions ######################
@@ -378,7 +385,7 @@
 	my $fd = $exit ? \*STDERR : \*STDOUT;
 	print $fd <<"";
 git-svn - bidirectional operations between a single Subversion tree and git
-Usage: git svn <command> [options] [arguments]\n
+usage: git svn <command> [options] [arguments]\n
 
 	print $fd "Available commands:\n" unless $cmd;
 
@@ -466,6 +473,9 @@
 	my $ignore_paths_regex = \$Git::SVN::Fetcher::_ignore_regex;
 	command_noisy('config', "$pfx.ignore-paths", $$ignore_paths_regex)
 		if defined $$ignore_paths_regex;
+	my $include_paths_regex = \$Git::SVN::Fetcher::_include_regex;
+	command_noisy('config', "$pfx.include-paths", $$include_paths_regex)
+		if defined $$include_paths_regex;
 	my $ignore_refs_regex = \$Git::SVN::Ra::_ignore_refs_regex;
 	command_noisy('config', "$pfx.ignore-refs", $$ignore_refs_regex)
 		if defined $$ignore_refs_regex;
@@ -530,7 +540,7 @@
 	}
 	my ($remote) = @_;
 	if (@_ > 1) {
-		die "Usage: $0 fetch [--all] [--parent] [svn-remote]\n";
+		die "usage: $0 fetch [--all] [--parent] [svn-remote]\n";
 	}
 	$Git::SVN::no_reuse_existing = undef;
 	if ($_fetch_parent) {
@@ -665,12 +675,14 @@
 }
 
 sub merge_merge_info {
-	my ($mergeinfo_one, $mergeinfo_two) = @_;
+	my ($mergeinfo_one, $mergeinfo_two, $ignore_branch) = @_;
 	my %result_hash = ();
 
 	merge_revs_into_hash(\%result_hash, $mergeinfo_one);
 	merge_revs_into_hash(\%result_hash, $mergeinfo_two);
 
+	delete $result_hash{$ignore_branch} if $ignore_branch;
+
 	my $result = '';
 	# Sort below is for consistency's sake
 	for my $branchname (sort keys(%result_hash)) {
@@ -691,6 +703,7 @@
 		my $all_parents_ok = 1;
 		my $aggregate_mergeinfo = '';
 		my $rooturl = $gs->repos_root;
+		my ($target_branch) = $gs->full_pushurl =~ /^\Q$rooturl\E(.*)/;
 
 		if (defined($rewritten_parent)) {
 			# Replace first parent with newly-rewritten version
@@ -722,7 +735,8 @@
 			# Merge previous mergeinfo values
 			$aggregate_mergeinfo =
 				merge_merge_info($aggregate_mergeinfo,
-								 $par_mergeinfo, 0);
+								$par_mergeinfo,
+								$target_branch);
 
 			next if $parent eq $parents[0]; # Skip first parent
 			# Add new changes being placed in tree by merge
@@ -765,7 +779,8 @@
 			my $newmergeinfo = "$branchpath:" . join(',', @revsin);
 			$aggregate_mergeinfo =
 				merge_merge_info($aggregate_mergeinfo,
-								 $newmergeinfo, 1);
+								$newmergeinfo,
+								$target_branch);
 		}
 		if ($all_parents_ok and $aggregate_mergeinfo) {
 			return $aggregate_mergeinfo;
@@ -775,6 +790,44 @@
 	return undef;
 }
 
+sub dcommit_rebase {
+	my ($is_last, $current, $fetched_ref, $svn_error) = @_;
+	my @diff;
+
+	if ($svn_error) {
+		print STDERR "\nERROR from SVN:\n",
+				$svn_error->expanded_message, "\n";
+	}
+	unless ($_no_rebase) {
+		# we always want to rebase against the current HEAD,
+		# not any head that was passed to us
+		@diff = command('diff-tree', $current,
+	                   $fetched_ref, '--');
+		my @finish;
+		if (@diff) {
+			@finish = rebase_cmd();
+			print STDERR "W: $current and ", $fetched_ref,
+			             " differ, using @finish:\n",
+			             join("\n", @diff), "\n";
+		} elsif ($is_last) {
+			print "No changes between ", $current, " and ",
+			      $fetched_ref,
+			      "\nResetting to the latest ",
+			      $fetched_ref, "\n";
+			@finish = qw/reset --mixed/;
+		}
+		command_noisy(@finish, $fetched_ref) if @finish;
+	}
+	if ($svn_error) {
+		die "ERROR: Not all changes have been committed into SVN"
+			.($_no_rebase ? ".\n" : ", however the committed\n"
+			."ones (if any) seem to be successfully integrated "
+			."into the working tree.\n")
+			."Please see the above messages for details.\n";
+	}
+	return @diff;
+}
+
 sub cmd_dcommit {
 	my $head = shift;
 	command_noisy(qw/update-index --refresh/);
@@ -902,6 +955,7 @@
 	}
 
 	my $rewritten_parent;
+	my $current_head = command_oneline(qw/rev-parse HEAD/);
 	Git::SVN::remove_username($expect_url);
 	if (defined($_merge_info)) {
 		$_merge_info =~ tr{ }{\n};
@@ -941,6 +995,14 @@
 			                },
 					mergeinfo => $_merge_info,
 			                svn_path => '');
+
+			my $err_handler = $SVN::Error::handler;
+			$SVN::Error::handler = sub {
+				my $err = shift;
+				dcommit_rebase(1, $current_head, $gs->refname,
+					$err);
+			};
+
 			if (!Git::SVN::Editor->new(\%ed_opts)->apply_diff) {
 				print "No changes\n$d~1 == $d\n";
 			} elsif ($parents->{$d} && @{$parents->{$d}}) {
@@ -948,31 +1010,19 @@
 				                               $parents->{$d};
 			}
 			$_fetch_all ? $gs->fetch_all : $gs->fetch;
+			$SVN::Error::handler = $err_handler;
 			$last_rev = $cmt_rev;
 			next if $_no_rebase;
 
-			# we always want to rebase against the current HEAD,
-			# not any head that was passed to us
-			my @diff = command('diff-tree', $d,
-			                   $gs->refname, '--');
-			my @finish;
-			if (@diff) {
-				@finish = rebase_cmd();
-				print STDERR "W: $d and ", $gs->refname,
-				             " differ, using @finish:\n",
-				             join("\n", @diff), "\n";
-			} else {
-				print "No changes between current HEAD and ",
-				      $gs->refname,
-				      "\nResetting to the latest ",
-				      $gs->refname, "\n";
-				@finish = qw/reset --mixed/;
-			}
-			command_noisy(@finish, $gs->refname);
+			my @diff = dcommit_rebase(@$linear_refs == 0, $d,
+						$gs->refname, undef);
 
-			$rewritten_parent = command_oneline(qw/rev-parse HEAD/);
+			$rewritten_parent = command_oneline(qw/rev-parse/,
+							$gs->refname);
 
 			if (@diff) {
+				$current_head = command_oneline(qw/rev-parse
+								HEAD/);
 				@refs = ();
 				my ($url_, $rev_, $uuid_, $gs_) =
 				              working_head_info('HEAD', \@refs);
@@ -1017,6 +1067,7 @@
 				}
 				$parents = \%p;
 				$linear_refs = \@l;
+				undef $last_rev;
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -1123,6 +1174,10 @@
 		$ctx->ls($dst, 'HEAD', 0);
 	} and die "branch ${branch_name} already exists\n";
 
+	if ($_parents) {
+		mk_parent_dirs($ctx, $dst);
+	}
+
 	print "Copying ${src} at r${rev} to ${dst}...\n";
 	$ctx->copy($src, $rev, $dst)
 		unless $_dry_run;
@@ -1130,6 +1185,17 @@
 	$gs->fetch_all;
 }
 
+sub mk_parent_dirs {
+	my ($ctx, $parent) = @_;
+	$parent =~ s{/[^/]*$}{};
+
+	if (!eval{$ctx->ls($parent, 'HEAD', 0)}) {
+		mk_parent_dirs($ctx, $parent);
+		print "Creating parent folder ${parent} ...\n";
+		$ctx->mkdir($parent) unless $_dry_run;
+	}
+}
+
 sub cmd_find_rev {
 	my $revision_or_hash = shift or die "SVN or git revision required ",
 	                                    "as a command-line argument\n";
@@ -1144,7 +1210,13 @@
 			    "$head history\n";
 		}
 		my $desired_revision = substr($revision_or_hash, 1);
-		$result = $gs->rev_map_get($desired_revision, $uuid);
+		if ($_before) {
+			$result = $gs->find_rev_before($desired_revision, 1);
+		} elsif ($_after) {
+			$result = $gs->find_rev_after($desired_revision, 1);
+		} else {
+			$result = $gs->rev_map_get($desired_revision, $uuid);
+		}
 	} else {
 		my (undef, $rev, undef) = cmt_metadata($revision_or_hash);
 		$result = $rev;
@@ -1193,7 +1265,7 @@
 	my ($url, $rev, $uuid, $gs) = working_head_info('HEAD');
 	$gs ||= Git::SVN->new;
 	my $r = (defined $_revision ? $_revision : $gs->ra->get_latest_revnum);
-	$gs->prop_walk($gs->{path}, $r, sub {
+	$gs->prop_walk($gs->path, $r, sub {
 		my ($gs, $path, $props) = @_;
 		print STDOUT "\n# $path\n";
 		my $s = $props->{'svn:ignore'} or return;
@@ -1209,7 +1281,7 @@
 	my ($url, $rev, $uuid, $gs) = working_head_info('HEAD');
 	$gs ||= Git::SVN->new;
 	my $r = (defined $_revision ? $_revision : $gs->ra->get_latest_revnum);
-	$gs->prop_walk($gs->{path}, $r, sub {
+	$gs->prop_walk($gs->path, $r, sub {
 		my ($gs, $path, $props) = @_;
 		print STDOUT "\n# $path\n";
 		my $s = $props->{'svn:externals'} or return;
@@ -1224,7 +1296,7 @@
 	my ($url, $rev, $uuid, $gs) = working_head_info('HEAD');
 	$gs ||= Git::SVN->new;
 	my $r = (defined $_revision ? $_revision : $gs->ra->get_latest_revnum);
-	$gs->prop_walk($gs->{path}, $r, sub {
+	$gs->prop_walk($gs->path, $r, sub {
 		my ($gs, $path, $props) = @_;
 		# $path is of the form /path/to/dir/
 		$path = '.' . $path;
@@ -1254,31 +1326,6 @@
 	$gs->mkemptydirs($_revision);
 }
 
-sub canonicalize_path {
-	my ($path) = @_;
-	my $dot_slash_added = 0;
-	if (substr($path, 0, 1) ne "/") {
-		$path = "./" . $path;
-		$dot_slash_added = 1;
-	}
-	# File::Spec->canonpath doesn't collapse x/../y into y (for a
-	# good reason), so let's do this manually.
-	$path =~ s#/+#/#g;
-	$path =~ s#/\.(?:/|$)#/#g;
-	$path =~ s#/[^/]+/\.\.##g;
-	$path =~ s#/$##g;
-	$path =~ s#^\./## if $dot_slash_added;
-	$path =~ s#^/##;
-	$path =~ s#^\.$##;
-	return $path;
-}
-
-sub canonicalize_url {
-	my ($url) = @_;
-	$url =~ s#^([^:]+://[^/]*/)(.*)$#$1 . canonicalize_path($2)#e;
-	return $url;
-}
-
 # get_svnprops(PATH)
 # ------------------
 # Helper for cmd_propget and cmd_proplist below.
@@ -1292,7 +1339,7 @@
 	$path = $cmd_dir_prefix . $path;
 	fatal("No such file or directory: $path") unless -e $path;
 	my $is_dir = -d $path ? 1 : 0;
-	$path = $gs->{path} . '/' . $path;
+	$path = join_paths($gs->path, $path);
 
 	# canonicalize the path (otherwise libsvn will abort or fail to
 	# find the file)
@@ -1383,7 +1430,7 @@
 # this command is special because it requires no metadata
 sub cmd_commit_diff {
 	my ($ta, $tb, $url) = @_;
-	my $usage = "Usage: $0 commit-diff -r<revision> ".
+	my $usage = "usage: $0 commit-diff -r<revision> ".
 	            "<tree-ish> <tree-ish> [<URL>]";
 	fatal($usage) if (!defined $ta || !defined $tb);
 	my $svn_path = '';
@@ -1393,8 +1440,8 @@
 			fatal("Needed URL or usable git-svn --id in ",
 			      "the command-line\n", $usage);
 		}
-		$url = $gs->{url};
-		$svn_path = $gs->{path};
+		$url = $gs->url;
+		$svn_path = $gs->path;
 	}
 	unless (defined $_revision) {
 		fatal("-r|--revision is a required argument\n", $usage);
@@ -1428,24 +1475,6 @@
 	}
 }
 
-sub escape_uri_only {
-	my ($uri) = @_;
-	my @tmp;
-	foreach (split m{/}, $uri) {
-		s/([^~\w.%+-]|%(?![a-fA-F0-9]{2}))/sprintf("%%%02X",ord($1))/eg;
-		push @tmp, $_;
-	}
-	join('/', @tmp);
-}
-
-sub escape_url {
-	my ($url) = @_;
-	if ($url =~ m#^([^:]+)://([^/]*)(.*)$#) {
-		my ($scheme, $domain, $uri) = ($1, $2, escape_uri_only($3));
-		$url = "$scheme://$domain$uri";
-	}
-	$url;
-}
 
 sub cmd_info {
 	my $path = canonicalize_path(defined($_[0]) ? $_[0] : ".");
@@ -1470,21 +1499,21 @@
 	# canonicalize_path() will return "" to make libsvn 1.5.x happy,
 	$path = "." if $path eq "";
 
-	my $full_url = $url . ($fullpath eq "" ? "" : "/$fullpath");
+	my $full_url = canonicalize_url( add_path_to_url( $url, $fullpath ) );
 
 	if ($_url) {
-		print escape_url($full_url), "\n";
+		print "$full_url\n";
 		return;
 	}
 
 	my $result = "Path: $path\n";
 	$result .= "Name: " . basename($path) . "\n" if $file_type ne "dir";
-	$result .= "URL: " . escape_url($full_url) . "\n";
+	$result .= "URL: $full_url\n";
 
 	eval {
 		my $repos_root = $gs->repos_root;
 		Git::SVN::remove_username($repos_root);
-		$result .= "Repository Root: " . escape_url($repos_root) . "\n";
+		$result .= "Repository Root: " . canonicalize_url($repos_root) . "\n";
 	};
 	if ($@) {
 		$result .= "Repository Root: (offline)\n";
@@ -1578,7 +1607,7 @@
 }
 
 sub cmd_gc {
-	if (!$can_compress) {
+	if (!can_compress()) {
 		warn "Compress::Zlib could not be found; unhandled.log " .
 		     "files will not be compressed.\n";
 	}
@@ -1598,8 +1627,8 @@
 
 sub post_fetch_checkout {
 	return if $_no_checkout;
+	return if verify_ref('HEAD^0');
 	my $gs = $Git::SVN::_head or return;
-	return if verify_ref('refs/heads/master^0');
 
 	# look for "trunk" ref if it exists
 	my $remote = Git::SVN::read_all_remotes()->{$gs->{repo_id}};
@@ -1612,9 +1641,8 @@
 		}
 	}
 
-	my $valid_head = verify_ref('HEAD^0');
-	command_noisy(qw(update-ref refs/heads/master), $gs->refname);
-	return if ($valid_head || !verify_ref('HEAD^0'));
+	command_noisy(qw(update-ref HEAD), $gs->refname);
+	return unless verify_ref('HEAD^0');
 
 	return if $ENV{GIT_DIR} !~ m#^(?:.*/)?\.git$#;
 	my $index = $ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE} || "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/index";
@@ -1632,7 +1660,9 @@
 
 sub complete_svn_url {
 	my ($url, $path) = @_;
-	$path =~ s#/+$##;
+	$path = canonicalize_path($path);
+
+	# If the path is not a URL...
 	if ($path !~ m#^[a-z\+]+://#) {
 		if (!defined $url || $url !~ m#^[a-z\+]+://#) {
 			fatal("E: '$path' is not a complete URL ",
@@ -1649,7 +1679,7 @@
 		print STDERR "W: $switch not specified\n";
 		return;
 	}
-	$repo_path =~ s#/+$##;
+	$repo_path = canonicalize_path($repo_path);
 	if ($repo_path =~ m#^[a-z\+]+://#) {
 		$ra = Git::SVN::Ra->new($repo_path);
 		$repo_path = '';
@@ -1660,18 +1690,18 @@
 			      "and a separate URL is not specified");
 		}
 	}
-	my $url = $ra->{url};
+	my $url = $ra->url;
 	my $gs = Git::SVN->init($url, undef, undef, undef, 1);
 	my $k = "svn-remote.$gs->{repo_id}.url";
 	my $orig_url = eval { command_oneline(qw/config --get/, $k) };
-	if ($orig_url && ($orig_url ne $gs->{url})) {
+	if ($orig_url && ($orig_url ne $gs->url)) {
 		die "$k already set: $orig_url\n",
-		    "wanted to set to: $gs->{url}\n";
+		    "wanted to set to: $gs->url\n";
 	}
-	command_oneline('config', $k, $gs->{url}) unless $orig_url;
-	my $remote_path = "$gs->{path}/$repo_path";
+	command_oneline('config', $k, $gs->url) unless $orig_url;
+
+	my $remote_path = join_paths( $gs->path, $repo_path );
 	$remote_path =~ s{%([0-9A-F]{2})}{chr hex($1)}ieg;
-	$remote_path =~ s#/+#/#g;
 	$remote_path =~ s#^/##g;
 	$remote_path .= "/*" if $remote_path !~ /\*/;
 	my ($n) = ($switch =~ /^--(\w+)/);
@@ -2014,13 +2044,13 @@
 	} elsif (!$ref) {
 		$md5->add($arg) or croak $!;
 	} else {
-		::fatal "Can't provide MD5 hash for unknown ref type: '", $ref, "'";
+		fatal "Can't provide MD5 hash for unknown ref type: '", $ref, "'";
 	}
 	return $md5->hexdigest();
 }
 
 sub gc_directory {
-	if ($can_compress && -f $_ && basename($_) eq "unhandled.log") {
+	if (can_compress() && -f $_ && basename($_) eq "unhandled.log") {
 		my $out_filename = $_ . ".gz";
 		open my $in_fh, "<", $_ or die "Unable to open $_: $!\n";
 		binmode $in_fh;
@@ -2038,3035 +2068,6 @@
 	}
 }
 
-package Git::SVN;
-use strict;
-use warnings;
-use Fcntl qw/:DEFAULT :seek/;
-use constant rev_map_fmt => 'NH40';
-use vars qw/$default_repo_id $default_ref_id $_no_metadata $_follow_parent
-            $_repack $_repack_flags $_use_svm_props $_head
-            $_use_svnsync_props $no_reuse_existing $_minimize_url
-	    $_use_log_author $_add_author_from $_localtime/;
-use Carp qw/croak/;
-use File::Path qw/mkpath/;
-use File::Copy qw/copy/;
-use IPC::Open3;
-use Time::Local;
-use Memoize;  # core since 5.8.0, Jul 2002
-use Memoize::Storable;
-use POSIX qw(:signal_h);
-my $can_use_yaml;
-BEGIN {
-	$can_use_yaml = eval { require Git::SVN::Memoize::YAML; 1};
-}
-
-my ($_gc_nr, $_gc_period);
-
-# properties that we do not log:
-my %SKIP_PROP;
-BEGIN {
-	%SKIP_PROP = map { $_ => 1 } qw/svn:wc:ra_dav:version-url
-	                                svn:special svn:executable
-	                                svn:entry:committed-rev
-	                                svn:entry:last-author
-	                                svn:entry:uuid
-	                                svn:entry:committed-date/;
-
-	# some options are read globally, but can be overridden locally
-	# per [svn-remote "..."] section.  Command-line options will *NOT*
-	# override options set in an [svn-remote "..."] section
-	no strict 'refs';
-	for my $option (qw/follow_parent no_metadata use_svm_props
-			   use_svnsync_props/) {
-		my $key = $option;
-		$key =~ tr/_//d;
-		my $prop = "-$option";
-		*$option = sub {
-			my ($self) = @_;
-			return $self->{$prop} if exists $self->{$prop};
-			my $k = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.$key";
-			eval { command_oneline(qw/config --get/, $k) };
-			if ($@) {
-				$self->{$prop} = ${"Git::SVN::_$option"};
-			} else {
-				my $v = command_oneline(qw/config --bool/,$k);
-				$self->{$prop} = $v eq 'false' ? 0 : 1;
-			}
-			return $self->{$prop};
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-
-my (%LOCKFILES, %INDEX_FILES);
-END {
-	unlink keys %LOCKFILES if %LOCKFILES;
-	unlink keys %INDEX_FILES if %INDEX_FILES;
-}
-
-sub resolve_local_globs {
-	my ($url, $fetch, $glob_spec) = @_;
-	return unless defined $glob_spec;
-	my $ref = $glob_spec->{ref};
-	my $path = $glob_spec->{path};
-	foreach (command(qw#for-each-ref --format=%(refname) refs/#)) {
-		next unless m#^$ref->{regex}$#;
-		my $p = $1;
-		my $pathname = desanitize_refname($path->full_path($p));
-		my $refname = desanitize_refname($ref->full_path($p));
-		if (my $existing = $fetch->{$pathname}) {
-			if ($existing ne $refname) {
-				die "Refspec conflict:\n",
-				    "existing: $existing\n",
-				    " globbed: $refname\n";
-			}
-			my $u = (::cmt_metadata("$refname"))[0];
-			$u =~ s!^\Q$url\E(/|$)!! or die
-			  "$refname: '$url' not found in '$u'\n";
-			if ($pathname ne $u) {
-				warn "W: Refspec glob conflict ",
-				     "(ref: $refname):\n",
-				     "expected path: $pathname\n",
-				     "    real path: $u\n",
-				     "Continuing ahead with $u\n";
-				next;
-			}
-		} else {
-			$fetch->{$pathname} = $refname;
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-sub parse_revision_argument {
-	my ($base, $head) = @_;
-	if (!defined $::_revision || $::_revision eq 'BASE:HEAD') {
-		return ($base, $head);
-	}
-	return ($1, $2) if ($::_revision =~ /^(\d+):(\d+)$/);
-	return ($::_revision, $::_revision) if ($::_revision =~ /^\d+$/);
-	return ($head, $head) if ($::_revision eq 'HEAD');
-	return ($base, $1) if ($::_revision =~ /^BASE:(\d+)$/);
-	return ($1, $head) if ($::_revision =~ /^(\d+):HEAD$/);
-	die "revision argument: $::_revision not understood by git-svn\n";
-}
-
-sub fetch_all {
-	my ($repo_id, $remotes) = @_;
-	if (ref $repo_id) {
-		my $gs = $repo_id;
-		$repo_id = undef;
-		$repo_id = $gs->{repo_id};
-	}
-	$remotes ||= read_all_remotes();
-	my $remote = $remotes->{$repo_id} or
-	             die "[svn-remote \"$repo_id\"] unknown\n";
-	my $fetch = $remote->{fetch};
-	my $url = $remote->{url} or die "svn-remote.$repo_id.url not defined\n";
-	my (@gs, @globs);
-	my $ra = Git::SVN::Ra->new($url);
-	my $uuid = $ra->get_uuid;
-	my $head = $ra->get_latest_revnum;
-
-	# ignore errors, $head revision may not even exist anymore
-	eval { $ra->get_log("", $head, 0, 1, 0, 1, sub { $head = $_[1] }) };
-	warn "W: $@\n" if $@;
-
-	my $base = defined $fetch ? $head : 0;
-
-	# read the max revs for wildcard expansion (branches/*, tags/*)
-	foreach my $t (qw/branches tags/) {
-		defined $remote->{$t} or next;
-		push @globs, @{$remote->{$t}};
-
-		my $max_rev = eval { tmp_config(qw/--int --get/,
-		                         "svn-remote.$repo_id.${t}-maxRev") };
-		if (defined $max_rev && ($max_rev < $base)) {
-			$base = $max_rev;
-		} elsif (!defined $max_rev) {
-			$base = 0;
-		}
-	}
-
-	if ($fetch) {
-		foreach my $p (sort keys %$fetch) {
-			my $gs = Git::SVN->new($fetch->{$p}, $repo_id, $p);
-			my $lr = $gs->rev_map_max;
-			if (defined $lr) {
-				$base = $lr if ($lr < $base);
-			}
-			push @gs, $gs;
-		}
-	}
-
-	($base, $head) = parse_revision_argument($base, $head);
-	$ra->gs_fetch_loop_common($base, $head, \@gs, \@globs);
-}
-
-sub read_all_remotes {
-	my $r = {};
-	my $use_svm_props = eval { command_oneline(qw/config --bool
-	    svn.useSvmProps/) };
-	$use_svm_props = $use_svm_props eq 'true' if $use_svm_props;
-	my $svn_refspec = qr{\s*(.*?)\s*:\s*(.+?)\s*};
-	foreach (grep { s/^svn-remote\.// } command(qw/config -l/)) {
-		if (m!^(.+)\.fetch=$svn_refspec$!) {
-			my ($remote, $local_ref, $remote_ref) = ($1, $2, $3);
-			die("svn-remote.$remote: remote ref '$remote_ref' "
-			    . "must start with 'refs/'\n")
-				unless $remote_ref =~ m{^refs/};
-			$local_ref = uri_decode($local_ref);
-			$r->{$remote}->{fetch}->{$local_ref} = $remote_ref;
-			$r->{$remote}->{svm} = {} if $use_svm_props;
-		} elsif (m!^(.+)\.usesvmprops=\s*(.*)\s*$!) {
-			$r->{$1}->{svm} = {};
-		} elsif (m!^(.+)\.url=\s*(.*)\s*$!) {
-			$r->{$1}->{url} = $2;
-		} elsif (m!^(.+)\.pushurl=\s*(.*)\s*$!) {
-			$r->{$1}->{pushurl} = $2;
-		} elsif (m!^(.+)\.ignore-refs=\s*(.*)\s*$!) {
-			$r->{$1}->{ignore_refs_regex} = $2;
-		} elsif (m!^(.+)\.(branches|tags)=$svn_refspec$!) {
-			my ($remote, $t, $local_ref, $remote_ref) =
-			                                     ($1, $2, $3, $4);
-			die("svn-remote.$remote: remote ref '$remote_ref' ($t) "
-			    . "must start with 'refs/'\n")
-				unless $remote_ref =~ m{^refs/};
-			$local_ref = uri_decode($local_ref);
-			my $rs = {
-			    t => $t,
-			    remote => $remote,
-			    path => Git::SVN::GlobSpec->new($local_ref, 1),
-			    ref => Git::SVN::GlobSpec->new($remote_ref, 0) };
-			if (length($rs->{ref}->{right}) != 0) {
-				die "The '*' glob character must be the last ",
-				    "character of '$remote_ref'\n";
-			}
-			push @{ $r->{$remote}->{$t} }, $rs;
-		}
-	}
-
-	map {
-		if (defined $r->{$_}->{svm}) {
-			my $svm;
-			eval {
-				my $section = "svn-remote.$_";
-				$svm = {
-					source => tmp_config('--get',
-					    "$section.svm-source"),
-					replace => tmp_config('--get',
-					    "$section.svm-replace"),
-				}
-			};
-			$r->{$_}->{svm} = $svm;
-		}
-	} keys %$r;
-
-	foreach my $remote (keys %$r) {
-		foreach ( grep { defined $_ }
-			  map { $r->{$remote}->{$_} } qw(branches tags) ) {
-			foreach my $rs ( @$_ ) {
-				$rs->{ignore_refs_regex} =
-				    $r->{$remote}->{ignore_refs_regex};
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	$r;
-}
-
-sub init_vars {
-	$_gc_nr = $_gc_period = 1000;
-	if (defined $_repack || defined $_repack_flags) {
-	       warn "Repack options are obsolete; they have no effect.\n";
-	}
-}
-
-sub verify_remotes_sanity {
-	return unless -d $ENV{GIT_DIR};
-	my %seen;
-	foreach (command(qw/config -l/)) {
-		if (m!^svn-remote\.(?:.+)\.fetch=.*:refs/remotes/(\S+)\s*$!) {
-			if ($seen{$1}) {
-				die "Remote ref refs/remote/$1 is tracked by",
-				    "\n  \"$_\"\nand\n  \"$seen{$1}\"\n",
-				    "Please resolve this ambiguity in ",
-				    "your git configuration file before ",
-				    "continuing\n";
-			}
-			$seen{$1} = $_;
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-sub find_existing_remote {
-	my ($url, $remotes) = @_;
-	return undef if $no_reuse_existing;
-	my $existing;
-	foreach my $repo_id (keys %$remotes) {
-		my $u = $remotes->{$repo_id}->{url} or next;
-		next if $u ne $url;
-		$existing = $repo_id;
-		last;
-	}
-	$existing;
-}
-
-sub init_remote_config {
-	my ($self, $url, $no_write) = @_;
-	$url =~ s!/+$!!; # strip trailing slash
-	my $r = read_all_remotes();
-	my $existing = find_existing_remote($url, $r);
-	if ($existing) {
-		unless ($no_write) {
-			print STDERR "Using existing ",
-				     "[svn-remote \"$existing\"]\n";
-		}
-		$self->{repo_id} = $existing;
-	} elsif ($_minimize_url) {
-		my $min_url = Git::SVN::Ra->new($url)->minimize_url;
-		$existing = find_existing_remote($min_url, $r);
-		if ($existing) {
-			unless ($no_write) {
-				print STDERR "Using existing ",
-					     "[svn-remote \"$existing\"]\n";
-			}
-			$self->{repo_id} = $existing;
-		}
-		if ($min_url ne $url) {
-			unless ($no_write) {
-				print STDERR "Using higher level of URL: ",
-					     "$url => $min_url\n";
-			}
-			my $old_path = $self->{path};
-			$self->{path} = $url;
-			$self->{path} =~ s!^\Q$min_url\E(/|$)!!;
-			if (length $old_path) {
-				$self->{path} .= "/$old_path";
-			}
-			$url = $min_url;
-		}
-	}
-	my $orig_url;
-	if (!$existing) {
-		# verify that we aren't overwriting anything:
-		$orig_url = eval {
-			command_oneline('config', '--get',
-					"svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.url")
-		};
-		if ($orig_url && ($orig_url ne $url)) {
-			die "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.url already set: ",
-			    "$orig_url\nwanted to set to: $url\n";
-		}
-	}
-	my ($xrepo_id, $xpath) = find_ref($self->refname);
-	if (!$no_write && defined $xpath) {
-		die "svn-remote.$xrepo_id.fetch already set to track ",
-		    "$xpath:", $self->refname, "\n";
-	}
-	unless ($no_write) {
-		command_noisy('config',
-			      "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.url", $url);
-		$self->{path} =~ s{^/}{};
-		$self->{path} =~ s{%([0-9A-F]{2})}{chr hex($1)}ieg;
-		command_noisy('config', '--add',
-			      "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.fetch",
-			      "$self->{path}:".$self->refname);
-	}
-	$self->{url} = $url;
-}
-
-sub find_by_url { # repos_root and, path are optional
-	my ($class, $full_url, $repos_root, $path) = @_;
-
-	return undef unless defined $full_url;
-	remove_username($full_url);
-	remove_username($repos_root) if defined $repos_root;
-	my $remotes = read_all_remotes();
-	if (defined $full_url && defined $repos_root && !defined $path) {
-		$path = $full_url;
-		$path =~ s#^\Q$repos_root\E(?:/|$)##;
-	}
-	foreach my $repo_id (keys %$remotes) {
-		my $u = $remotes->{$repo_id}->{url} or next;
-		remove_username($u);
-		next if defined $repos_root && $repos_root ne $u;
-
-		my $fetch = $remotes->{$repo_id}->{fetch} || {};
-		foreach my $t (qw/branches tags/) {
-			foreach my $globspec (@{$remotes->{$repo_id}->{$t}}) {
-				resolve_local_globs($u, $fetch, $globspec);
-			}
-		}
-		my $p = $path;
-		my $rwr = rewrite_root({repo_id => $repo_id});
-		my $svm = $remotes->{$repo_id}->{svm}
-			if defined $remotes->{$repo_id}->{svm};
-		unless (defined $p) {
-			$p = $full_url;
-			my $z = $u;
-			my $prefix = '';
-			if ($rwr) {
-				$z = $rwr;
-				remove_username($z);
-			} elsif (defined $svm) {
-				$z = $svm->{source};
-				$prefix = $svm->{replace};
-				$prefix =~ s#^\Q$u\E(?:/|$)##;
-				$prefix =~ s#/$##;
-			}
-			$p =~ s#^\Q$z\E(?:/|$)#$prefix# or next;
-		}
-		foreach my $f (keys %$fetch) {
-			next if $f ne $p;
-			return Git::SVN->new($fetch->{$f}, $repo_id, $f);
-		}
-	}
-	undef;
-}
-
-sub init {
-	my ($class, $url, $path, $repo_id, $ref_id, $no_write) = @_;
-	my $self = _new($class, $repo_id, $ref_id, $path);
-	if (defined $url) {
-		$self->init_remote_config($url, $no_write);
-	}
-	$self;
-}
-
-sub find_ref {
-	my ($ref_id) = @_;
-	foreach (command(qw/config -l/)) {
-		next unless m!^svn-remote\.(.+)\.fetch=
-		              \s*(.*?)\s*:\s*(.+?)\s*$!x;
-		my ($repo_id, $path, $ref) = ($1, $2, $3);
-		if ($ref eq $ref_id) {
-			$path = '' if ($path =~ m#^\./?#);
-			return ($repo_id, $path);
-		}
-	}
-	(undef, undef, undef);
-}
-
-sub new {
-	my ($class, $ref_id, $repo_id, $path) = @_;
-	if (defined $ref_id && !defined $repo_id && !defined $path) {
-		($repo_id, $path) = find_ref($ref_id);
-		if (!defined $repo_id) {
-			die "Could not find a \"svn-remote.*.fetch\" key ",
-			    "in the repository configuration matching: ",
-			    "$ref_id\n";
-		}
-	}
-	my $self = _new($class, $repo_id, $ref_id, $path);
-	if (!defined $self->{path} || !length $self->{path}) {
-		my $fetch = command_oneline('config', '--get',
-		                            "svn-remote.$repo_id.fetch",
-		                            ":$ref_id\$") or
-		     die "Failed to read \"svn-remote.$repo_id.fetch\" ",
-		         "\":$ref_id\$\" in config\n";
-		($self->{path}, undef) = split(/\s*:\s*/, $fetch);
-	}
-	$self->{path} =~ s{/+}{/}g;
-	$self->{path} =~ s{\A/}{};
-	$self->{path} =~ s{/\z}{};
-	$self->{url} = command_oneline('config', '--get',
-	                               "svn-remote.$repo_id.url") or
-                  die "Failed to read \"svn-remote.$repo_id.url\" in config\n";
-	$self->{pushurl} = eval { command_oneline('config', '--get',
-	                          "svn-remote.$repo_id.pushurl") };
-	$self->rebuild;
-	$self;
-}
-
-sub refname {
-	my ($refname) = $_[0]->{ref_id} ;
-
-	# It cannot end with a slash /, we'll throw up on this because
-	# SVN can't have directories with a slash in their name, either:
-	if ($refname =~ m{/$}) {
-		die "ref: '$refname' ends with a trailing slash, this is ",
-		    "not permitted by git nor Subversion\n";
-	}
-
-	# It cannot have ASCII control character space, tilde ~, caret ^,
-	# colon :, question-mark ?, asterisk *, space, or open bracket [
-	# anywhere.
-	#
-	# Additionally, % must be escaped because it is used for escaping
-	# and we want our escaped refname to be reversible
-	$refname =~ s{([ \%~\^:\?\*\[\t])}{uc sprintf('%%%02x',ord($1))}eg;
-
-	# no slash-separated component can begin with a dot .
-	# /.* becomes /%2E*
-	$refname =~ s{/\.}{/%2E}g;
-
-	# It cannot have two consecutive dots .. anywhere
-	# .. becomes %2E%2E
-	$refname =~ s{\.\.}{%2E%2E}g;
-
-	# trailing dots and .lock are not allowed
-	# .$ becomes %2E and .lock becomes %2Elock
-	$refname =~ s{\.(?=$|lock$)}{%2E};
-
-	# the sequence @{ is used to access the reflog
-	# @{ becomes %40{
-	$refname =~ s{\@\{}{%40\{}g;
-
-	return $refname;
-}
-
-sub desanitize_refname {
-	my ($refname) = @_;
-	$refname =~ s{%(?:([0-9A-F]{2}))}{chr hex($1)}eg;
-	return $refname;
-}
-
-sub svm_uuid {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	return $self->{svm}->{uuid} if $self->svm;
-	$self->ra;
-	unless ($self->{svm}) {
-		die "SVM UUID not cached, and reading remotely failed\n";
-	}
-	$self->{svm}->{uuid};
-}
-
-sub svm {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	return $self->{svm} if $self->{svm};
-	my $svm;
-	# see if we have it in our config, first:
-	eval {
-		my $section = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}";
-		$svm = {
-		  source => tmp_config('--get', "$section.svm-source"),
-		  uuid => tmp_config('--get', "$section.svm-uuid"),
-		  replace => tmp_config('--get', "$section.svm-replace"),
-		}
-	};
-	if ($svm && $svm->{source} && $svm->{uuid} && $svm->{replace}) {
-		$self->{svm} = $svm;
-	}
-	$self->{svm};
-}
-
-sub _set_svm_vars {
-	my ($self, $ra) = @_;
-	return $ra if $self->svm;
-
-	my @err = ( "useSvmProps set, but failed to read SVM properties\n",
-		    "(svm:source, svm:uuid) ",
-		    "from the following URLs:\n" );
-	sub read_svm_props {
-		my ($self, $ra, $path, $r) = @_;
-		my $props = ($ra->get_dir($path, $r))[2];
-		my $src = $props->{'svm:source'};
-		my $uuid = $props->{'svm:uuid'};
-		return undef if (!$src || !$uuid);
-
-		chomp($src, $uuid);
-
-		$uuid =~ m{^[0-9a-f\-]{30,}$}i
-		    or die "doesn't look right - svm:uuid is '$uuid'\n";
-
-		# the '!' is used to mark the repos_root!/relative/path
-		$src =~ s{/?!/?}{/};
-		$src =~ s{/+$}{}; # no trailing slashes please
-		# username is of no interest
-		$src =~ s{(^[a-z\+]*://)[^/@]*@}{$1};
-
-		my $replace = $ra->{url};
-		$replace .= "/$path" if length $path;
-
-		my $section = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}";
-		tmp_config("$section.svm-source", $src);
-		tmp_config("$section.svm-replace", $replace);
-		tmp_config("$section.svm-uuid", $uuid);
-		$self->{svm} = {
-			source => $src,
-			uuid => $uuid,
-			replace => $replace
-		};
-	}
-
-	my $r = $ra->get_latest_revnum;
-	my $path = $self->{path};
-	my %tried;
-	while (length $path) {
-		unless ($tried{"$self->{url}/$path"}) {
-			return $ra if $self->read_svm_props($ra, $path, $r);
-			$tried{"$self->{url}/$path"} = 1;
-		}
-		$path =~ s#/?[^/]+$##;
-	}
-	die "Path: '$path' should be ''\n" if $path ne '';
-	return $ra if $self->read_svm_props($ra, $path, $r);
-	$tried{"$self->{url}/$path"} = 1;
-
-	if ($ra->{repos_root} eq $self->{url}) {
-		die @err, (map { "  $_\n" } keys %tried), "\n";
-	}
-
-	# nope, make sure we're connected to the repository root:
-	my $ok;
-	my @tried_b;
-	$path = $ra->{svn_path};
-	$ra = Git::SVN::Ra->new($ra->{repos_root});
-	while (length $path) {
-		unless ($tried{"$ra->{url}/$path"}) {
-			$ok = $self->read_svm_props($ra, $path, $r);
-			last if $ok;
-			$tried{"$ra->{url}/$path"} = 1;
-		}
-		$path =~ s#/?[^/]+$##;
-	}
-	die "Path: '$path' should be ''\n" if $path ne '';
-	$ok ||= $self->read_svm_props($ra, $path, $r);
-	$tried{"$ra->{url}/$path"} = 1;
-	if (!$ok) {
-		die @err, (map { "  $_\n" } keys %tried), "\n";
-	}
-	Git::SVN::Ra->new($self->{url});
-}
-
-sub svnsync {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	return $self->{svnsync} if $self->{svnsync};
-
-	if ($self->no_metadata) {
-		die "Can't have both 'noMetadata' and ",
-		    "'useSvnsyncProps' options set!\n";
-	}
-	if ($self->rewrite_root) {
-		die "Can't have both 'useSvnsyncProps' and 'rewriteRoot' ",
-		    "options set!\n";
-	}
-	if ($self->rewrite_uuid) {
-		die "Can't have both 'useSvnsyncProps' and 'rewriteUUID' ",
-		    "options set!\n";
-	}
-
-	my $svnsync;
-	# see if we have it in our config, first:
-	eval {
-		my $section = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}";
-
-		my $url = tmp_config('--get', "$section.svnsync-url");
-		($url) = ($url =~ m{^([a-z\+]+://\S+)$}) or
-		   die "doesn't look right - svn:sync-from-url is '$url'\n";
-
-		my $uuid = tmp_config('--get', "$section.svnsync-uuid");
-		($uuid) = ($uuid =~ m{^([0-9a-f\-]{30,})$}i) or
-		   die "doesn't look right - svn:sync-from-uuid is '$uuid'\n";
-
-		$svnsync = { url => $url, uuid => $uuid }
-	};
-	if ($svnsync && $svnsync->{url} && $svnsync->{uuid}) {
-		return $self->{svnsync} = $svnsync;
-	}
-
-	my $err = "useSvnsyncProps set, but failed to read " .
-	          "svnsync property: svn:sync-from-";
-	my $rp = $self->ra->rev_proplist(0);
-
-	my $url = $rp->{'svn:sync-from-url'} or die $err . "url\n";
-	($url) = ($url =~ m{^([a-z\+]+://\S+)$}) or
-	           die "doesn't look right - svn:sync-from-url is '$url'\n";
-
-	my $uuid = $rp->{'svn:sync-from-uuid'} or die $err . "uuid\n";
-	($uuid) = ($uuid =~ m{^([0-9a-f\-]{30,})$}i) or
-	           die "doesn't look right - svn:sync-from-uuid is '$uuid'\n";
-
-	my $section = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}";
-	tmp_config('--add', "$section.svnsync-uuid", $uuid);
-	tmp_config('--add', "$section.svnsync-url", $url);
-	return $self->{svnsync} = { url => $url, uuid => $uuid };
-}
-
-# this allows us to memoize our SVN::Ra UUID locally and avoid a
-# remote lookup (useful for 'git svn log').
-sub ra_uuid {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	unless ($self->{ra_uuid}) {
-		my $key = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.uuid";
-		my $uuid = eval { tmp_config('--get', $key) };
-		if (!$@ && $uuid && $uuid =~ /^([a-f\d\-]{30,})$/i) {
-			$self->{ra_uuid} = $uuid;
-		} else {
-			die "ra_uuid called without URL\n" unless $self->{url};
-			$self->{ra_uuid} = $self->ra->get_uuid;
-			tmp_config('--add', $key, $self->{ra_uuid});
-		}
-	}
-	$self->{ra_uuid};
-}
-
-sub _set_repos_root {
-	my ($self, $repos_root) = @_;
-	my $k = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.reposRoot";
-	$repos_root ||= $self->ra->{repos_root};
-	tmp_config($k, $repos_root);
-	$repos_root;
-}
-
-sub repos_root {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	my $k = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.reposRoot";
-	eval { tmp_config('--get', $k) } || $self->_set_repos_root;
-}
-
-sub ra {
-	my ($self) = shift;
-	my $ra = Git::SVN::Ra->new($self->{url});
-	$self->_set_repos_root($ra->{repos_root});
-	if ($self->use_svm_props && !$self->{svm}) {
-		if ($self->no_metadata) {
-			die "Can't have both 'noMetadata' and ",
-			    "'useSvmProps' options set!\n";
-		} elsif ($self->use_svnsync_props) {
-			die "Can't have both 'useSvnsyncProps' and ",
-			    "'useSvmProps' options set!\n";
-		}
-		$ra = $self->_set_svm_vars($ra);
-		$self->{-want_revprops} = 1;
-	}
-	$ra;
-}
-
-# prop_walk(PATH, REV, SUB)
-# -------------------------
-# Recursively traverse PATH at revision REV and invoke SUB for each
-# directory that contains a SVN property.  SUB will be invoked as
-# follows:  &SUB(gs, path, props);  where `gs' is this instance of
-# Git::SVN, `path' the path to the directory where the properties
-# `props' were found.  The `path' will be relative to point of checkout,
-# that is, if url://repo/trunk is the current Git branch, and that
-# directory contains a sub-directory `d', SUB will be invoked with `/d/'
-# as `path' (note the trailing `/').
-sub prop_walk {
-	my ($self, $path, $rev, $sub) = @_;
-
-	$path =~ s#^/##;
-	my ($dirent, undef, $props) = $self->ra->get_dir($path, $rev);
-	$path =~ s#^/*#/#g;
-	my $p = $path;
-	# Strip the irrelevant part of the path.
-	$p =~ s#^/+\Q$self->{path}\E(/|$)#/#;
-	# Ensure the path is terminated by a `/'.
-	$p =~ s#/*$#/#;
-
-	# The properties contain all the internal SVN stuff nobody
-	# (usually) cares about.
-	my $interesting_props = 0;
-	foreach (keys %{$props}) {
-		# If it doesn't start with `svn:', it must be a
-		# user-defined property.
-		++$interesting_props and next if $_ !~ /^svn:/;
-		# FIXME: Fragile, if SVN adds new public properties,
-		# this needs to be updated.
-		++$interesting_props if /^svn:(?:ignore|keywords|executable
-		                                 |eol-style|mime-type
-						 |externals|needs-lock)$/x;
-	}
-	&$sub($self, $p, $props) if $interesting_props;
-
-	foreach (sort keys %$dirent) {
-		next if $dirent->{$_}->{kind} != $SVN::Node::dir;
-		$self->prop_walk($self->{path} . $p . $_, $rev, $sub);
-	}
-}
-
-sub last_rev { ($_[0]->last_rev_commit)[0] }
-sub last_commit { ($_[0]->last_rev_commit)[1] }
-
-# returns the newest SVN revision number and newest commit SHA1
-sub last_rev_commit {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	if (defined $self->{last_rev} && defined $self->{last_commit}) {
-		return ($self->{last_rev}, $self->{last_commit});
-	}
-	my $c = ::verify_ref($self->refname.'^0');
-	if ($c && !$self->use_svm_props && !$self->no_metadata) {
-		my $rev = (::cmt_metadata($c))[1];
-		if (defined $rev) {
-			($self->{last_rev}, $self->{last_commit}) = ($rev, $c);
-			return ($rev, $c);
-		}
-	}
-	my $map_path = $self->map_path;
-	unless (-e $map_path) {
-		($self->{last_rev}, $self->{last_commit}) = (undef, undef);
-		return (undef, undef);
-	}
-	my ($rev, $commit) = $self->rev_map_max(1);
-	($self->{last_rev}, $self->{last_commit}) = ($rev, $commit);
-	return ($rev, $commit);
-}
-
-sub get_fetch_range {
-	my ($self, $min, $max) = @_;
-	$max ||= $self->ra->get_latest_revnum;
-	$min ||= $self->rev_map_max;
-	(++$min, $max);
-}
-
-sub tmp_config {
-	my (@args) = @_;
-	my $old_def_config = "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn/config";
-	my $config = "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn/.metadata";
-	if (! -f $config && -f $old_def_config) {
-		rename $old_def_config, $config or
-		       die "Failed rename $old_def_config => $config: $!\n";
-	}
-	my $old_config = $ENV{GIT_CONFIG};
-	$ENV{GIT_CONFIG} = $config;
-	$@ = undef;
-	my @ret = eval {
-		unless (-f $config) {
-			mkfile($config);
-			open my $fh, '>', $config or
-			    die "Can't open $config: $!\n";
-			print $fh "; This file is used internally by ",
-			          "git-svn\n" or die
-				  "Couldn't write to $config: $!\n";
-			print $fh "; You should not have to edit it\n" or
-			      die "Couldn't write to $config: $!\n";
-			close $fh or die "Couldn't close $config: $!\n";
-		}
-		command('config', @args);
-	};
-	my $err = $@;
-	if (defined $old_config) {
-		$ENV{GIT_CONFIG} = $old_config;
-	} else {
-		delete $ENV{GIT_CONFIG};
-	}
-	die $err if $err;
-	wantarray ? @ret : $ret[0];
-}
-
-sub tmp_index_do {
-	my ($self, $sub) = @_;
-	my $old_index = $ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE};
-	$ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE} = $self->{index};
-	$@ = undef;
-	my @ret = eval {
-		my ($dir, $base) = ($self->{index} =~ m#^(.*?)/?([^/]+)$#);
-		mkpath([$dir]) unless -d $dir;
-		&$sub;
-	};
-	my $err = $@;
-	if (defined $old_index) {
-		$ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE} = $old_index;
-	} else {
-		delete $ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE};
-	}
-	die $err if $err;
-	wantarray ? @ret : $ret[0];
-}
-
-sub assert_index_clean {
-	my ($self, $treeish) = @_;
-
-	$self->tmp_index_do(sub {
-		command_noisy('read-tree', $treeish) unless -e $self->{index};
-		my $x = command_oneline('write-tree');
-		my ($y) = (command(qw/cat-file commit/, $treeish) =~
-		           /^tree ($::sha1)/mo);
-		return if $y eq $x;
-
-		warn "Index mismatch: $y != $x\nrereading $treeish\n";
-		unlink $self->{index} or die "unlink $self->{index}: $!\n";
-		command_noisy('read-tree', $treeish);
-		$x = command_oneline('write-tree');
-		if ($y ne $x) {
-			::fatal "trees ($treeish) $y != $x\n",
-			        "Something is seriously wrong...";
-		}
-	});
-}
-
-sub get_commit_parents {
-	my ($self, $log_entry) = @_;
-	my (%seen, @ret, @tmp);
-	# legacy support for 'set-tree'; this is only used by set_tree_cb:
-	if (my $ip = $self->{inject_parents}) {
-		if (my $commit = delete $ip->{$log_entry->{revision}}) {
-			push @tmp, $commit;
-		}
-	}
-	if (my $cur = ::verify_ref($self->refname.'^0')) {
-		push @tmp, $cur;
-	}
-	if (my $ipd = $self->{inject_parents_dcommit}) {
-		if (my $commit = delete $ipd->{$log_entry->{revision}}) {
-			push @tmp, @$commit;
-		}
-	}
-	push @tmp, $_ foreach (@{$log_entry->{parents}}, @tmp);
-	while (my $p = shift @tmp) {
-		next if $seen{$p};
-		$seen{$p} = 1;
-		push @ret, $p;
-	}
-	@ret;
-}
-
-sub rewrite_root {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	return $self->{-rewrite_root} if exists $self->{-rewrite_root};
-	my $k = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.rewriteRoot";
-	my $rwr = eval { command_oneline(qw/config --get/, $k) };
-	if ($rwr) {
-		$rwr =~ s#/+$##;
-		if ($rwr !~ m#^[a-z\+]+://#) {
-			die "$rwr is not a valid URL (key: $k)\n";
-		}
-	}
-	$self->{-rewrite_root} = $rwr;
-}
-
-sub rewrite_uuid {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	return $self->{-rewrite_uuid} if exists $self->{-rewrite_uuid};
-	my $k = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.rewriteUUID";
-	my $rwid = eval { command_oneline(qw/config --get/, $k) };
-	if ($rwid) {
-		$rwid =~ s#/+$##;
-		if ($rwid !~ m#^[a-f0-9]{8}-(?:[a-f0-9]{4}-){3}[a-f0-9]{12}$#) {
-			die "$rwid is not a valid UUID (key: $k)\n";
-		}
-	}
-	$self->{-rewrite_uuid} = $rwid;
-}
-
-sub metadata_url {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	($self->rewrite_root || $self->{url}) .
-	   (length $self->{path} ? '/' . $self->{path} : '');
-}
-
-sub full_url {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	$self->{url} . (length $self->{path} ? '/' . $self->{path} : '');
-}
-
-sub full_pushurl {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	if ($self->{pushurl}) {
-		return $self->{pushurl} . (length $self->{path} ? '/' .
-		       $self->{path} : '');
-	} else {
-		return $self->full_url;
-	}
-}
-
-sub set_commit_header_env {
-	my ($log_entry) = @_;
-	my %env;
-	foreach my $ned (qw/NAME EMAIL DATE/) {
-		foreach my $ac (qw/AUTHOR COMMITTER/) {
-			$env{"GIT_${ac}_${ned}"} = $ENV{"GIT_${ac}_${ned}"};
-		}
-	}
-
-	$ENV{GIT_AUTHOR_NAME} = $log_entry->{name};
-	$ENV{GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL} = $log_entry->{email};
-	$ENV{GIT_AUTHOR_DATE} = $ENV{GIT_COMMITTER_DATE} = $log_entry->{date};
-
-	$ENV{GIT_COMMITTER_NAME} = (defined $log_entry->{commit_name})
-						? $log_entry->{commit_name}
-						: $log_entry->{name};
-	$ENV{GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL} = (defined $log_entry->{commit_email})
-						? $log_entry->{commit_email}
-						: $log_entry->{email};
-	\%env;
-}
-
-sub restore_commit_header_env {
-	my ($env) = @_;
-	foreach my $ned (qw/NAME EMAIL DATE/) {
-		foreach my $ac (qw/AUTHOR COMMITTER/) {
-			my $k = "GIT_${ac}_${ned}";
-			if (defined $env->{$k}) {
-				$ENV{$k} = $env->{$k};
-			} else {
-				delete $ENV{$k};
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-sub gc {
-	command_noisy('gc', '--auto');
-};
-
-sub do_git_commit {
-	my ($self, $log_entry) = @_;
-	my $lr = $self->last_rev;
-	if (defined $lr && $lr >= $log_entry->{revision}) {
-		die "Last fetched revision of ", $self->refname,
-		    " was r$lr, but we are about to fetch: ",
-		    "r$log_entry->{revision}!\n";
-	}
-	if (my $c = $self->rev_map_get($log_entry->{revision})) {
-		croak "$log_entry->{revision} = $c already exists! ",
-		      "Why are we refetching it?\n";
-	}
-	my $old_env = set_commit_header_env($log_entry);
-	my $tree = $log_entry->{tree};
-	if (!defined $tree) {
-		$tree = $self->tmp_index_do(sub {
-		                            command_oneline('write-tree') });
-	}
-	die "Tree is not a valid sha1: $tree\n" if $tree !~ /^$::sha1$/o;
-
-	my @exec = ('git', 'commit-tree', $tree);
-	foreach ($self->get_commit_parents($log_entry)) {
-		push @exec, '-p', $_;
-	}
-	defined(my $pid = open3(my $msg_fh, my $out_fh, '>&STDERR', @exec))
-	                                                           or croak $!;
-	binmode $msg_fh;
-
-	# we always get UTF-8 from SVN, but we may want our commits in
-	# a different encoding.
-	if (my $enc = Git::config('i18n.commitencoding')) {
-		require Encode;
-		Encode::from_to($log_entry->{log}, 'UTF-8', $enc);
-	}
-	print $msg_fh $log_entry->{log} or croak $!;
-	restore_commit_header_env($old_env);
-	unless ($self->no_metadata) {
-		print $msg_fh "\ngit-svn-id: $log_entry->{metadata}\n"
-		              or croak $!;
-	}
-	$msg_fh->flush == 0 or croak $!;
-	close $msg_fh or croak $!;
-	chomp(my $commit = do { local $/; <$out_fh> });
-	close $out_fh or croak $!;
-	waitpid $pid, 0;
-	croak $? if $?;
-	if ($commit !~ /^$::sha1$/o) {
-		die "Failed to commit, invalid sha1: $commit\n";
-	}
-
-	$self->rev_map_set($log_entry->{revision}, $commit, 1);
-
-	$self->{last_rev} = $log_entry->{revision};
-	$self->{last_commit} = $commit;
-	print "r$log_entry->{revision}" unless $::_q > 1;
-	if (defined $log_entry->{svm_revision}) {
-		 print " (\@$log_entry->{svm_revision})" unless $::_q > 1;
-		 $self->rev_map_set($log_entry->{svm_revision}, $commit,
-		                   0, $self->svm_uuid);
-	}
-	print " = $commit ($self->{ref_id})\n" unless $::_q > 1;
-	if (--$_gc_nr == 0) {
-		$_gc_nr = $_gc_period;
-		gc();
-	}
-	return $commit;
-}
-
-sub match_paths {
-	my ($self, $paths, $r) = @_;
-	return 1 if $self->{path} eq '';
-	if (my $path = $paths->{"/$self->{path}"}) {
-		return ($path->{action} eq 'D') ? 0 : 1;
-	}
-	$self->{path_regex} ||= qr/^\/\Q$self->{path}\E\//;
-	if (grep /$self->{path_regex}/, keys %$paths) {
-		return 1;
-	}
-	my $c = '';
-	foreach (split m#/#, $self->{path}) {
-		$c .= "/$_";
-		next unless ($paths->{$c} &&
-		             ($paths->{$c}->{action} =~ /^[AR]$/));
-		if ($self->ra->check_path($self->{path}, $r) ==
-		    $SVN::Node::dir) {
-			return 1;
-		}
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-sub find_parent_branch {
-	my ($self, $paths, $rev) = @_;
-	return undef unless $self->follow_parent;
-	unless (defined $paths) {
-		my $err_handler = $SVN::Error::handler;
-		$SVN::Error::handler = \&Git::SVN::Ra::skip_unknown_revs;
-		$self->ra->get_log([$self->{path}], $rev, $rev, 0, 1, 1,
-				   sub { $paths = $_[0] });
-		$SVN::Error::handler = $err_handler;
-	}
-	return undef unless defined $paths;
-
-	# look for a parent from another branch:
-	my @b_path_components = split m#/#, $self->{path};
-	my @a_path_components;
-	my $i;
-	while (@b_path_components) {
-		$i = $paths->{'/'.join('/', @b_path_components)};
-		last if $i && defined $i->{copyfrom_path};
-		unshift(@a_path_components, pop(@b_path_components));
-	}
-	return undef unless defined $i && defined $i->{copyfrom_path};
-	my $branch_from = $i->{copyfrom_path};
-	if (@a_path_components) {
-		print STDERR "branch_from: $branch_from => ";
-		$branch_from .= '/'.join('/', @a_path_components);
-		print STDERR $branch_from, "\n";
-	}
-	my $r = $i->{copyfrom_rev};
-	my $repos_root = $self->ra->{repos_root};
-	my $url = $self->ra->{url};
-	my $new_url = $url . $branch_from;
-	print STDERR  "Found possible branch point: ",
-	              "$new_url => ", $self->full_url, ", $r\n"
-	              unless $::_q > 1;
-	$branch_from =~ s#^/##;
-	my $gs = $self->other_gs($new_url, $url,
-		                 $branch_from, $r, $self->{ref_id});
-	my ($r0, $parent) = $gs->find_rev_before($r, 1);
-	{
-		my ($base, $head);
-		if (!defined $r0 || !defined $parent) {
-			($base, $head) = parse_revision_argument(0, $r);
-		} else {
-			if ($r0 < $r) {
-				$gs->ra->get_log([$gs->{path}], $r0 + 1, $r, 1,
-					0, 1, sub { $base = $_[1] - 1 });
-			}
-		}
-		if (defined $base && $base <= $r) {
-			$gs->fetch($base, $r);
-		}
-		($r0, $parent) = $gs->find_rev_before($r, 1);
-	}
-	if (defined $r0 && defined $parent) {
-		print STDERR "Found branch parent: ($self->{ref_id}) $parent\n"
-		             unless $::_q > 1;
-		my $ed;
-		if ($self->ra->can_do_switch) {
-			$self->assert_index_clean($parent);
-			print STDERR "Following parent with do_switch\n"
-			             unless $::_q > 1;
-			# do_switch works with svn/trunk >= r22312, but that
-			# is not included with SVN 1.4.3 (the latest version
-			# at the moment), so we can't rely on it
-			$self->{last_rev} = $r0;
-			$self->{last_commit} = $parent;
-			$ed = Git::SVN::Fetcher->new($self, $gs->{path});
-			$gs->ra->gs_do_switch($r0, $rev, $gs,
-					      $self->full_url, $ed)
-			  or die "SVN connection failed somewhere...\n";
-		} elsif ($self->ra->trees_match($new_url, $r0,
-			                        $self->full_url, $rev)) {
-			print STDERR "Trees match:\n",
-			             "  $new_url\@$r0\n",
-			             "  ${\$self->full_url}\@$rev\n",
-			             "Following parent with no changes\n"
-			             unless $::_q > 1;
-			$self->tmp_index_do(sub {
-			    command_noisy('read-tree', $parent);
-			});
-			$self->{last_commit} = $parent;
-		} else {
-			print STDERR "Following parent with do_update\n"
-			             unless $::_q > 1;
-			$ed = Git::SVN::Fetcher->new($self);
-			$self->ra->gs_do_update($rev, $rev, $self, $ed)
-			  or die "SVN connection failed somewhere...\n";
-		}
-		print STDERR "Successfully followed parent\n" unless $::_q > 1;
-		return $self->make_log_entry($rev, [$parent], $ed);
-	}
-	return undef;
-}
-
-sub do_fetch {
-	my ($self, $paths, $rev) = @_;
-	my $ed;
-	my ($last_rev, @parents);
-	if (my $lc = $self->last_commit) {
-		# we can have a branch that was deleted, then re-added
-		# under the same name but copied from another path, in
-		# which case we'll have multiple parents (we don't
-		# want to break the original ref, nor lose copypath info):
-		if (my $log_entry = $self->find_parent_branch($paths, $rev)) {
-			push @{$log_entry->{parents}}, $lc;
-			return $log_entry;
-		}
-		$ed = Git::SVN::Fetcher->new($self);
-		$last_rev = $self->{last_rev};
-		$ed->{c} = $lc;
-		@parents = ($lc);
-	} else {
-		$last_rev = $rev;
-		if (my $log_entry = $self->find_parent_branch($paths, $rev)) {
-			return $log_entry;
-		}
-		$ed = Git::SVN::Fetcher->new($self);
-	}
-	unless ($self->ra->gs_do_update($last_rev, $rev, $self, $ed)) {
-		die "SVN connection failed somewhere...\n";
-	}
-	$self->make_log_entry($rev, \@parents, $ed);
-}
-
-sub mkemptydirs {
-	my ($self, $r) = @_;
-
-	sub scan {
-		my ($r, $empty_dirs, $line) = @_;
-		if (defined $r && $line =~ /^r(\d+)$/) {
-			return 0 if $1 > $r;
-		} elsif ($line =~ /^  \+empty_dir: (.+)$/) {
-			$empty_dirs->{$1} = 1;
-		} elsif ($line =~ /^  \-empty_dir: (.+)$/) {
-			my @d = grep {m[^\Q$1\E(/|$)]} (keys %$empty_dirs);
-			delete @$empty_dirs{@d};
-		}
-		1; # continue
-	};
-
-	my %empty_dirs = ();
-	my $gz_file = "$self->{dir}/unhandled.log.gz";
-	if (-f $gz_file) {
-		if (!$can_compress) {
-			warn "Compress::Zlib could not be found; ",
-			     "empty directories in $gz_file will not be read\n";
-		} else {
-			my $gz = Compress::Zlib::gzopen($gz_file, "rb") or
-				die "Unable to open $gz_file: $!\n";
-			my $line;
-			while ($gz->gzreadline($line) > 0) {
-				scan($r, \%empty_dirs, $line) or last;
-			}
-			$gz->gzclose;
-		}
-	}
-
-	if (open my $fh, '<', "$self->{dir}/unhandled.log") {
-		binmode $fh or croak "binmode: $!";
-		while (<$fh>) {
-			scan($r, \%empty_dirs, $_) or last;
-		}
-		close $fh;
-	}
-
-	my $strip = qr/\A\Q$self->{path}\E(?:\/|$)/;
-	foreach my $d (sort keys %empty_dirs) {
-		$d = uri_decode($d);
-		$d =~ s/$strip//;
-		next unless length($d);
-		next if -d $d;
-		if (-e $d) {
-			warn "$d exists but is not a directory\n";
-		} else {
-			print "creating empty directory: $d\n";
-			mkpath([$d]);
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-sub get_untracked {
-	my ($self, $ed) = @_;
-	my @out;
-	my $h = $ed->{empty};
-	foreach (sort keys %$h) {
-		my $act = $h->{$_} ? '+empty_dir' : '-empty_dir';
-		push @out, "  $act: " . uri_encode($_);
-		warn "W: $act: $_\n";
-	}
-	foreach my $t (qw/dir_prop file_prop/) {
-		$h = $ed->{$t} or next;
-		foreach my $path (sort keys %$h) {
-			my $ppath = $path eq '' ? '.' : $path;
-			foreach my $prop (sort keys %{$h->{$path}}) {
-				next if $SKIP_PROP{$prop};
-				my $v = $h->{$path}->{$prop};
-				my $t_ppath_prop = "$t: " .
-				                    uri_encode($ppath) . ' ' .
-				                    uri_encode($prop);
-				if (defined $v) {
-					push @out, "  +$t_ppath_prop " .
-					           uri_encode($v);
-				} else {
-					push @out, "  -$t_ppath_prop";
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	foreach my $t (qw/absent_file absent_directory/) {
-		$h = $ed->{$t} or next;
-		foreach my $parent (sort keys %$h) {
-			foreach my $path (sort @{$h->{$parent}}) {
-				push @out, "  $t: " .
-				           uri_encode("$parent/$path");
-				warn "W: $t: $parent/$path ",
-				     "Insufficient permissions?\n";
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	\@out;
-}
-
-sub get_tz {
-	# some systmes don't handle or mishandle %z, so be creative.
-	my $t = shift || time;
-	my $gm = timelocal(gmtime($t));
-	my $sign = qw( + + - )[ $t <=> $gm ];
-	return sprintf("%s%02d%02d", $sign, (gmtime(abs($t - $gm)))[2,1]);
-}
-
-# parse_svn_date(DATE)
-# --------------------
-# Given a date (in UTC) from Subversion, return a string in the format
-# "<TZ Offset> <local date/time>" that Git will use.
-#
-# By default the parsed date will be in UTC; if $Git::SVN::_localtime
-# is true we'll convert it to the local timezone instead.
-sub parse_svn_date {
-	my $date = shift || return '+0000 1970-01-01 00:00:00';
-	my ($Y,$m,$d,$H,$M,$S) = ($date =~ /^(\d{4})\-(\d\d)\-(\d\d)T
-	                                    (\d\d)\:(\d\d)\:(\d\d)\.\d*Z$/x) or
-	                                 croak "Unable to parse date: $date\n";
-	my $parsed_date;    # Set next.
-
-	if ($Git::SVN::_localtime) {
-		# Translate the Subversion datetime to an epoch time.
-		# Begin by switching ourselves to $date's timezone, UTC.
-		my $old_env_TZ = $ENV{TZ};
-		$ENV{TZ} = 'UTC';
-
-		my $epoch_in_UTC =
-		    POSIX::strftime('%s', $S, $M, $H, $d, $m - 1, $Y - 1900);
-
-		# Determine our local timezone (including DST) at the
-		# time of $epoch_in_UTC.  $Git::SVN::Log::TZ stored the
-		# value of TZ, if any, at the time we were run.
-		if (defined $Git::SVN::Log::TZ) {
-			$ENV{TZ} = $Git::SVN::Log::TZ;
-		} else {
-			delete $ENV{TZ};
-		}
-
-		my $our_TZ = get_tz();
-
-		# This converts $epoch_in_UTC into our local timezone.
-		my ($sec, $min, $hour, $mday, $mon, $year,
-		    $wday, $yday, $isdst) = localtime($epoch_in_UTC);
-
-		$parsed_date = sprintf('%s %04d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d',
-				       $our_TZ, $year + 1900, $mon + 1,
-				       $mday, $hour, $min, $sec);
-
-		# Reset us to the timezone in effect when we entered
-		# this routine.
-		if (defined $old_env_TZ) {
-			$ENV{TZ} = $old_env_TZ;
-		} else {
-			delete $ENV{TZ};
-		}
-	} else {
-		$parsed_date = "+0000 $Y-$m-$d $H:$M:$S";
-	}
-
-	return $parsed_date;
-}
-
-sub other_gs {
-	my ($self, $new_url, $url,
-	    $branch_from, $r, $old_ref_id) = @_;
-	my $gs = Git::SVN->find_by_url($new_url, $url, $branch_from);
-	unless ($gs) {
-		my $ref_id = $old_ref_id;
-		$ref_id =~ s/\@\d+-*$//;
-		$ref_id .= "\@$r";
-		# just grow a tail if we're not unique enough :x
-		$ref_id .= '-' while find_ref($ref_id);
-		my ($u, $p, $repo_id) = ($new_url, '', $ref_id);
-		if ($u =~ s#^\Q$url\E(/|$)##) {
-			$p = $u;
-			$u = $url;
-			$repo_id = $self->{repo_id};
-		}
-		while (1) {
-			# It is possible to tag two different subdirectories at
-			# the same revision.  If the url for an existing ref
-			# does not match, we must either find a ref with a
-			# matching url or create a new ref by growing a tail.
-			$gs = Git::SVN->init($u, $p, $repo_id, $ref_id, 1);
-			my (undef, $max_commit) = $gs->rev_map_max(1);
-			last if (!$max_commit);
-			my ($url) = ::cmt_metadata($max_commit);
-			last if ($url eq $gs->metadata_url);
-			$ref_id .= '-';
-		}
-		print STDERR "Initializing parent: $ref_id\n" unless $::_q > 1;
-	}
-	$gs
-}
-
-sub call_authors_prog {
-	my ($orig_author) = @_;
-	$orig_author = command_oneline('rev-parse', '--sq-quote', $orig_author);
-	my $author = `$::_authors_prog $orig_author`;
-	if ($? != 0) {
-		die "$::_authors_prog failed with exit code $?\n"
-	}
-	if ($author =~ /^\s*(.+?)\s*<(.*)>\s*$/) {
-		my ($name, $email) = ($1, $2);
-		$email = undef if length $2 == 0;
-		return [$name, $email];
-	} else {
-		die "Author: $orig_author: $::_authors_prog returned "
-			. "invalid author format: $author\n";
-	}
-}
-
-sub check_author {
-	my ($author) = @_;
-	if (!defined $author || length $author == 0) {
-		$author = '(no author)';
-	}
-	if (!defined $::users{$author}) {
-		if (defined $::_authors_prog) {
-			$::users{$author} = call_authors_prog($author);
-		} elsif (defined $::_authors) {
-			die "Author: $author not defined in $::_authors file\n";
-		}
-	}
-	$author;
-}
-
-sub find_extra_svk_parents {
-	my ($self, $ed, $tickets, $parents) = @_;
-	# aha!  svk:merge property changed...
-	my @tickets = split "\n", $tickets;
-	my @known_parents;
-	for my $ticket ( @tickets ) {
-		my ($uuid, $path, $rev) = split /:/, $ticket;
-		if ( $uuid eq $self->ra_uuid ) {
-			my $url = $self->{url};
-			my $repos_root = $url;
-			my $branch_from = $path;
-			$branch_from =~ s{^/}{};
-			my $gs = $self->other_gs($repos_root."/".$branch_from,
-			                         $url,
-			                         $branch_from,
-			                         $rev,
-			                         $self->{ref_id});
-			if ( my $commit = $gs->rev_map_get($rev, $uuid) ) {
-				# wahey!  we found it, but it might be
-				# an old one (!)
-				push @known_parents, [ $rev, $commit ];
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	# Ordering matters; highest-numbered commit merge tickets
-	# first, as they may account for later merge ticket additions
-	# or changes.
-	@known_parents = map {$_->[1]} sort {$b->[0] <=> $a->[0]} @known_parents;
-	for my $parent ( @known_parents ) {
-		my @cmd = ('rev-list', $parent, map { "^$_" } @$parents );
-		my ($msg_fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(@cmd);
-		my $new;
-		while ( <$msg_fh> ) {
-			$new=1;last;
-		}
-		command_close_pipe($msg_fh, $ctx);
-		if ( $new ) {
-			print STDERR
-			    "Found merge parent (svk:merge ticket): $parent\n";
-			push @$parents, $parent;
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-sub lookup_svn_merge {
-	my $uuid = shift;
-	my $url = shift;
-	my $merge = shift;
-
-	my ($source, $revs) = split ":", $merge;
-	my $path = $source;
-	$path =~ s{^/}{};
-	my $gs = Git::SVN->find_by_url($url.$source, $url, $path);
-	if ( !$gs ) {
-		warn "Couldn't find revmap for $url$source\n";
-		return;
-	}
-	my @ranges = split ",", $revs;
-	my ($tip, $tip_commit);
-	my @merged_commit_ranges;
-	# find the tip
-	for my $range ( @ranges ) {
-		my ($bottom, $top) = split "-", $range;
-		$top ||= $bottom;
-		my $bottom_commit = $gs->find_rev_after( $bottom, 1, $top );
-		my $top_commit = $gs->find_rev_before( $top, 1, $bottom );
-
-		unless ($top_commit and $bottom_commit) {
-			warn "W:unknown path/rev in svn:mergeinfo "
-				."dirprop: $source:$range\n";
-			next;
-		}
-
-		if (scalar(command('rev-parse', "$bottom_commit^@"))) {
-			push @merged_commit_ranges,
-			     "$bottom_commit^..$top_commit";
-		} else {
-			push @merged_commit_ranges, "$top_commit";
-		}
-
-		if ( !defined $tip or $top > $tip ) {
-			$tip = $top;
-			$tip_commit = $top_commit;
-		}
-	}
-	return ($tip_commit, @merged_commit_ranges);
-}
-
-sub _rev_list {
-	my ($msg_fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(
-		"rev-list", @_,
-	       );
-	my @rv;
-	while ( <$msg_fh> ) {
-		chomp;
-		push @rv, $_;
-	}
-	command_close_pipe($msg_fh, $ctx);
-	@rv;
-}
-
-sub check_cherry_pick {
-	my $base = shift;
-	my $tip = shift;
-	my $parents = shift;
-	my @ranges = @_;
-	my %commits = map { $_ => 1 }
-		_rev_list("--no-merges", $tip, "--not", $base, @$parents, "--");
-	for my $range ( @ranges ) {
-		delete @commits{_rev_list($range, "--")};
-	}
-	for my $commit (keys %commits) {
-		if (has_no_changes($commit)) {
-			delete $commits{$commit};
-		}
-	}
-	return (keys %commits);
-}
-
-sub has_no_changes {
-	my $commit = shift;
-
-	my @revs = split / /, command_oneline(
-		qw(rev-list --parents -1 -m), $commit);
-
-	# Commits with no parents, e.g. the start of a partial branch,
-	# have changes by definition.
-	return 1 if (@revs < 2);
-
-	# Commits with multiple parents, e.g a merge, have no changes
-	# by definition.
-	return 0 if (@revs > 2);
-
-	return (command_oneline("rev-parse", "$commit^{tree}") eq
-		command_oneline("rev-parse", "$commit~1^{tree}"));
-}
-
-sub tie_for_persistent_memoization {
-	my $hash = shift;
-	my $path = shift;
-
-	if ($can_use_yaml) {
-		tie %$hash => 'Git::SVN::Memoize::YAML', "$path.yaml";
-	} else {
-		tie %$hash => 'Memoize::Storable', "$path.db", 'nstore';
-	}
-}
-
-# The GIT_DIR environment variable is not always set until after the command
-# line arguments are processed, so we can't memoize in a BEGIN block.
-{
-	my $memoized = 0;
-
-	sub memoize_svn_mergeinfo_functions {
-		return if $memoized;
-		$memoized = 1;
-
-		my $cache_path = "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn/.caches/";
-		mkpath([$cache_path]) unless -d $cache_path;
-
-		my %lookup_svn_merge_cache;
-		my %check_cherry_pick_cache;
-		my %has_no_changes_cache;
-
-		tie_for_persistent_memoization(\%lookup_svn_merge_cache,
-		    "$cache_path/lookup_svn_merge");
-		memoize 'lookup_svn_merge',
-			SCALAR_CACHE => 'FAULT',
-			LIST_CACHE => ['HASH' => \%lookup_svn_merge_cache],
-		;
-
-		tie_for_persistent_memoization(\%check_cherry_pick_cache,
-		    "$cache_path/check_cherry_pick");
-		memoize 'check_cherry_pick',
-			SCALAR_CACHE => 'FAULT',
-			LIST_CACHE => ['HASH' => \%check_cherry_pick_cache],
-		;
-
-		tie_for_persistent_memoization(\%has_no_changes_cache,
-		    "$cache_path/has_no_changes");
-		memoize 'has_no_changes',
-			SCALAR_CACHE => ['HASH' => \%has_no_changes_cache],
-			LIST_CACHE => 'FAULT',
-		;
-	}
-
-	sub unmemoize_svn_mergeinfo_functions {
-		return if not $memoized;
-		$memoized = 0;
-
-		Memoize::unmemoize 'lookup_svn_merge';
-		Memoize::unmemoize 'check_cherry_pick';
-		Memoize::unmemoize 'has_no_changes';
-	}
-
-	Memoize::memoize 'Git::SVN::repos_root';
-}
-
-END {
-	# Force cache writeout explicitly instead of waiting for
-	# global destruction to avoid segfault in Storable:
-	# http://rt.cpan.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=36087
-	unmemoize_svn_mergeinfo_functions();
-}
-
-sub parents_exclude {
-	my $parents = shift;
-	my @commits = @_;
-	return unless @commits;
-
-	my @excluded;
-	my $excluded;
-	do {
-		my @cmd = ('rev-list', "-1", @commits, "--not", @$parents );
-		$excluded = command_oneline(@cmd);
-		if ( $excluded ) {
-			my @new;
-			my $found;
-			for my $commit ( @commits ) {
-				if ( $commit eq $excluded ) {
-					push @excluded, $commit;
-					$found++;
-					last;
-				}
-				else {
-					push @new, $commit;
-				}
-			}
-			die "saw commit '$excluded' in rev-list output, "
-				."but we didn't ask for that commit (wanted: @commits --not @$parents)"
-					unless $found;
-			@commits = @new;
-		}
-	}
-		while ($excluded and @commits);
-
-	return @excluded;
-}
-
-
-# note: this function should only be called if the various dirprops
-# have actually changed
-sub find_extra_svn_parents {
-	my ($self, $ed, $mergeinfo, $parents) = @_;
-	# aha!  svk:merge property changed...
-
-	memoize_svn_mergeinfo_functions();
-
-	# We first search for merged tips which are not in our
-	# history.  Then, we figure out which git revisions are in
-	# that tip, but not this revision.  If all of those revisions
-	# are now marked as merge, we can add the tip as a parent.
-	my @merges = split "\n", $mergeinfo;
-	my @merge_tips;
-	my $url = $self->{url};
-	my $uuid = $self->ra_uuid;
-	my %ranges;
-	for my $merge ( @merges ) {
-		my ($tip_commit, @ranges) =
-			lookup_svn_merge( $uuid, $url, $merge );
-		unless (!$tip_commit or
-				grep { $_ eq $tip_commit } @$parents ) {
-			push @merge_tips, $tip_commit;
-			$ranges{$tip_commit} = \@ranges;
-		} else {
-			push @merge_tips, undef;
-		}
-	}
-
-	my %excluded = map { $_ => 1 }
-		parents_exclude($parents, grep { defined } @merge_tips);
-
-	# check merge tips for new parents
-	my @new_parents;
-	for my $merge_tip ( @merge_tips ) {
-		my $spec = shift @merges;
-		next unless $merge_tip and $excluded{$merge_tip};
-
-		my $ranges = $ranges{$merge_tip};
-
-		# check out 'new' tips
-		my $merge_base;
-		eval {
-			$merge_base = command_oneline(
-				"merge-base",
-				@$parents, $merge_tip,
-			);
-		};
-		if ($@) {
-			die "An error occurred during merge-base"
-				unless $@->isa("Git::Error::Command");
-
-			warn "W: Cannot find common ancestor between ".
-			     "@$parents and $merge_tip. Ignoring merge info.\n";
-			next;
-		}
-
-		# double check that there are no missing non-merge commits
-		my (@incomplete) = check_cherry_pick(
-			$merge_base, $merge_tip,
-			$parents,
-			@$ranges,
-		       );
-
-		if ( @incomplete ) {
-			warn "W:svn cherry-pick ignored ($spec) - missing "
-				.@incomplete." commit(s) (eg $incomplete[0])\n";
-		} else {
-			warn
-				"Found merge parent (svn:mergeinfo prop): ",
-					$merge_tip, "\n";
-			push @new_parents, $merge_tip;
-		}
-	}
-
-	# cater for merges which merge commits from multiple branches
-	if ( @new_parents > 1 ) {
-		for ( my $i = 0; $i <= $#new_parents; $i++ ) {
-			for ( my $j = 0; $j <= $#new_parents; $j++ ) {
-				next if $i == $j;
-				next unless $new_parents[$i];
-				next unless $new_parents[$j];
-				my $revs = command_oneline(
-					"rev-list", "-1",
-					"$new_parents[$i]..$new_parents[$j]",
-				       );
-				if ( !$revs ) {
-					undef($new_parents[$j]);
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	push @$parents, grep { defined } @new_parents;
-}
-
-sub make_log_entry {
-	my ($self, $rev, $parents, $ed) = @_;
-	my $untracked = $self->get_untracked($ed);
-
-	my @parents = @$parents;
-	my $ps = $ed->{path_strip} || "";
-	for my $path ( grep { m/$ps/ } %{$ed->{dir_prop}} ) {
-		my $props = $ed->{dir_prop}{$path};
-		if ( $props->{"svk:merge"} ) {
-			$self->find_extra_svk_parents
-				($ed, $props->{"svk:merge"}, \@parents);
-		}
-		if ( $props->{"svn:mergeinfo"} ) {
-			$self->find_extra_svn_parents
-				($ed,
-				 $props->{"svn:mergeinfo"},
-				 \@parents);
-		}
-	}
-
-	open my $un, '>>', "$self->{dir}/unhandled.log" or croak $!;
-	print $un "r$rev\n" or croak $!;
-	print $un $_, "\n" foreach @$untracked;
-	my %log_entry = ( parents => \@parents, revision => $rev,
-	                  log => '');
-
-	my $headrev;
-	my $logged = delete $self->{logged_rev_props};
-	if (!$logged || $self->{-want_revprops}) {
-		my $rp = $self->ra->rev_proplist($rev);
-		foreach (sort keys %$rp) {
-			my $v = $rp->{$_};
-			if (/^svn:(author|date|log)$/) {
-				$log_entry{$1} = $v;
-			} elsif ($_ eq 'svm:headrev') {
-				$headrev = $v;
-			} else {
-				print $un "  rev_prop: ", uri_encode($_), ' ',
-					  uri_encode($v), "\n";
-			}
-		}
-	} else {
-		map { $log_entry{$_} = $logged->{$_} } keys %$logged;
-	}
-	close $un or croak $!;
-
-	$log_entry{date} = parse_svn_date($log_entry{date});
-	$log_entry{log} .= "\n";
-	my $author = $log_entry{author} = check_author($log_entry{author});
-	my ($name, $email) = defined $::users{$author} ? @{$::users{$author}}
-						       : ($author, undef);
-
-	my ($commit_name, $commit_email) = ($name, $email);
-	if ($_use_log_author) {
-		my $name_field;
-		if ($log_entry{log} =~ /From:\s+(.*\S)\s*\n/i) {
-			$name_field = $1;
-		} elsif ($log_entry{log} =~ /Signed-off-by:\s+(.*\S)\s*\n/i) {
-			$name_field = $1;
-		}
-		if (!defined $name_field) {
-			if (!defined $email) {
-				$email = $name;
-			}
-		} elsif ($name_field =~ /(.*?)\s+<(.*)>/) {
-			($name, $email) = ($1, $2);
-		} elsif ($name_field =~ /(.*)@/) {
-			($name, $email) = ($1, $name_field);
-		} else {
-			($name, $email) = ($name_field, $name_field);
-		}
-	}
-	if (defined $headrev && $self->use_svm_props) {
-		if ($self->rewrite_root) {
-			die "Can't have both 'useSvmProps' and 'rewriteRoot' ",
-			    "options set!\n";
-		}
-		if ($self->rewrite_uuid) {
-			die "Can't have both 'useSvmProps' and 'rewriteUUID' ",
-			    "options set!\n";
-		}
-		my ($uuid, $r) = $headrev =~ m{^([a-f\d\-]{30,}):(\d+)$}i;
-		# we don't want "SVM: initializing mirror for junk" ...
-		return undef if $r == 0;
-		my $svm = $self->svm;
-		if ($uuid ne $svm->{uuid}) {
-			die "UUID mismatch on SVM path:\n",
-			    "expected: $svm->{uuid}\n",
-			    "     got: $uuid\n";
-		}
-		my $full_url = $self->full_url;
-		$full_url =~ s#^\Q$svm->{replace}\E(/|$)#$svm->{source}$1# or
-		             die "Failed to replace '$svm->{replace}' with ",
-		                 "'$svm->{source}' in $full_url\n";
-		# throw away username for storing in records
-		remove_username($full_url);
-		$log_entry{metadata} = "$full_url\@$r $uuid";
-		$log_entry{svm_revision} = $r;
-		$email ||= "$author\@$uuid";
-		$commit_email ||= "$author\@$uuid";
-	} elsif ($self->use_svnsync_props) {
-		my $full_url = $self->svnsync->{url};
-		$full_url .= "/$self->{path}" if length $self->{path};
-		remove_username($full_url);
-		my $uuid = $self->svnsync->{uuid};
-		$log_entry{metadata} = "$full_url\@$rev $uuid";
-		$email ||= "$author\@$uuid";
-		$commit_email ||= "$author\@$uuid";
-	} else {
-		my $url = $self->metadata_url;
-		remove_username($url);
-		my $uuid = $self->rewrite_uuid || $self->ra->get_uuid;
-		$log_entry{metadata} = "$url\@$rev " . $uuid;
-		$email ||= "$author\@" . $uuid;
-		$commit_email ||= "$author\@" . $uuid;
-	}
-	$log_entry{name} = $name;
-	$log_entry{email} = $email;
-	$log_entry{commit_name} = $commit_name;
-	$log_entry{commit_email} = $commit_email;
-	\%log_entry;
-}
-
-sub fetch {
-	my ($self, $min_rev, $max_rev, @parents) = @_;
-	my ($last_rev, $last_commit) = $self->last_rev_commit;
-	my ($base, $head) = $self->get_fetch_range($min_rev, $max_rev);
-	$self->ra->gs_fetch_loop_common($base, $head, [$self]);
-}
-
-sub set_tree_cb {
-	my ($self, $log_entry, $tree, $rev, $date, $author) = @_;
-	$self->{inject_parents} = { $rev => $tree };
-	$self->fetch(undef, undef);
-}
-
-sub set_tree {
-	my ($self, $tree) = (shift, shift);
-	my $log_entry = ::get_commit_entry($tree);
-	unless ($self->{last_rev}) {
-		::fatal("Must have an existing revision to commit");
-	}
-	my %ed_opts = ( r => $self->{last_rev},
-	                log => $log_entry->{log},
-	                ra => $self->ra,
-	                tree_a => $self->{last_commit},
-	                tree_b => $tree,
-	                editor_cb => sub {
-			       $self->set_tree_cb($log_entry, $tree, @_) },
-	                svn_path => $self->{path} );
-	if (!Git::SVN::Editor->new(\%ed_opts)->apply_diff) {
-		print "No changes\nr$self->{last_rev} = $tree\n";
-	}
-}
-
-sub rebuild_from_rev_db {
-	my ($self, $path) = @_;
-	my $r = -1;
-	open my $fh, '<', $path or croak "open: $!";
-	binmode $fh or croak "binmode: $!";
-	while (<$fh>) {
-		length($_) == 41 or croak "inconsistent size in ($_) != 41";
-		chomp($_);
-		++$r;
-		next if $_ eq ('0' x 40);
-		$self->rev_map_set($r, $_);
-		print "r$r = $_\n";
-	}
-	close $fh or croak "close: $!";
-	unlink $path or croak "unlink: $!";
-}
-
-sub rebuild {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	my $map_path = $self->map_path;
-	my $partial = (-e $map_path && ! -z $map_path);
-	return unless ::verify_ref($self->refname.'^0');
-	if (!$partial && ($self->use_svm_props || $self->no_metadata)) {
-		my $rev_db = $self->rev_db_path;
-		$self->rebuild_from_rev_db($rev_db);
-		if ($self->use_svm_props) {
-			my $svm_rev_db = $self->rev_db_path($self->svm_uuid);
-			$self->rebuild_from_rev_db($svm_rev_db);
-		}
-		$self->unlink_rev_db_symlink;
-		return;
-	}
-	print "Rebuilding $map_path ...\n" if (!$partial);
-	my ($base_rev, $head) = ($partial ? $self->rev_map_max_norebuild(1) :
-		(undef, undef));
-	my ($log, $ctx) =
-	    command_output_pipe(qw/rev-list --pretty=raw --reverse/,
-				($head ? "$head.." : "") . $self->refname,
-				'--');
-	my $metadata_url = $self->metadata_url;
-	remove_username($metadata_url);
-	my $svn_uuid = $self->rewrite_uuid || $self->ra_uuid;
-	my $c;
-	while (<$log>) {
-		if ( m{^commit ($::sha1)$} ) {
-			$c = $1;
-			next;
-		}
-		next unless s{^\s*(git-svn-id:)}{$1};
-		my ($url, $rev, $uuid) = ::extract_metadata($_);
-		remove_username($url);
-
-		# ignore merges (from set-tree)
-		next if (!defined $rev || !$uuid);
-
-		# if we merged or otherwise started elsewhere, this is
-		# how we break out of it
-		if (($uuid ne $svn_uuid) ||
-		    ($metadata_url && $url && ($url ne $metadata_url))) {
-			next;
-		}
-		if ($partial && $head) {
-			print "Partial-rebuilding $map_path ...\n";
-			print "Currently at $base_rev = $head\n";
-			$head = undef;
-		}
-
-		$self->rev_map_set($rev, $c);
-		print "r$rev = $c\n";
-	}
-	command_close_pipe($log, $ctx);
-	print "Done rebuilding $map_path\n" if (!$partial || !$head);
-	my $rev_db_path = $self->rev_db_path;
-	if (-f $self->rev_db_path) {
-		unlink $self->rev_db_path or croak "unlink: $!";
-	}
-	$self->unlink_rev_db_symlink;
-}
-
-# rev_map:
-# Tie::File seems to be prone to offset errors if revisions get sparse,
-# it's not that fast, either.  Tie::File is also not in Perl 5.6.  So
-# one of my favorite modules is out :<  Next up would be one of the DBM
-# modules, but I'm not sure which is most portable...
-#
-# This is the replacement for the rev_db format, which was too big
-# and inefficient for large repositories with a lot of sparse history
-# (mainly tags)
-#
-# The format is this:
-#   - 24 bytes for every record,
-#     * 4 bytes for the integer representing an SVN revision number
-#     * 20 bytes representing the sha1 of a git commit
-#   - No empty padding records like the old format
-#     (except the last record, which can be overwritten)
-#   - new records are written append-only since SVN revision numbers
-#     increase monotonically
-#   - lookups on SVN revision number are done via a binary search
-#   - Piping the file to xxd -c24 is a good way of dumping it for
-#     viewing or editing (piped back through xxd -r), should the need
-#     ever arise.
-#   - The last record can be padding revision with an all-zero sha1
-#     This is used to optimize fetch performance when using multiple
-#     "fetch" directives in .git/config
-#
-# These files are disposable unless noMetadata or useSvmProps is set
-
-sub _rev_map_set {
-	my ($fh, $rev, $commit) = @_;
-
-	binmode $fh or croak "binmode: $!";
-	my $size = (stat($fh))[7];
-	($size % 24) == 0 or croak "inconsistent size: $size";
-
-	my $wr_offset = 0;
-	if ($size > 0) {
-		sysseek($fh, -24, SEEK_END) or croak "seek: $!";
-		my $read = sysread($fh, my $buf, 24) or croak "read: $!";
-		$read == 24 or croak "read only $read bytes (!= 24)";
-		my ($last_rev, $last_commit) = unpack(rev_map_fmt, $buf);
-		if ($last_commit eq ('0' x40)) {
-			if ($size >= 48) {
-				sysseek($fh, -48, SEEK_END) or croak "seek: $!";
-				$read = sysread($fh, $buf, 24) or
-				    croak "read: $!";
-				$read == 24 or
-				    croak "read only $read bytes (!= 24)";
-				($last_rev, $last_commit) =
-				    unpack(rev_map_fmt, $buf);
-				if ($last_commit eq ('0' x40)) {
-					croak "inconsistent .rev_map\n";
-				}
-			}
-			if ($last_rev >= $rev) {
-				croak "last_rev is higher!: $last_rev >= $rev";
-			}
-			$wr_offset = -24;
-		}
-	}
-	sysseek($fh, $wr_offset, SEEK_END) or croak "seek: $!";
-	syswrite($fh, pack(rev_map_fmt, $rev, $commit), 24) == 24 or
-	  croak "write: $!";
-}
-
-sub _rev_map_reset {
-	my ($fh, $rev, $commit) = @_;
-	my $c = _rev_map_get($fh, $rev);
-	$c eq $commit or die "_rev_map_reset(@_) commit $c does not match!\n";
-	my $offset = sysseek($fh, 0, SEEK_CUR) or croak "seek: $!";
-	truncate $fh, $offset or croak "truncate: $!";
-}
-
-sub mkfile {
-	my ($path) = @_;
-	unless (-e $path) {
-		my ($dir, $base) = ($path =~ m#^(.*?)/?([^/]+)$#);
-		mkpath([$dir]) unless -d $dir;
-		open my $fh, '>>', $path or die "Couldn't create $path: $!\n";
-		close $fh or die "Couldn't close (create) $path: $!\n";
-	}
-}
-
-sub rev_map_set {
-	my ($self, $rev, $commit, $update_ref, $uuid) = @_;
-	defined $commit or die "missing arg3\n";
-	length $commit == 40 or die "arg3 must be a full SHA1 hexsum\n";
-	my $db = $self->map_path($uuid);
-	my $db_lock = "$db.lock";
-	my $sigmask;
-	$update_ref ||= 0;
-	if ($update_ref) {
-		$sigmask = POSIX::SigSet->new();
-		my $signew = POSIX::SigSet->new(SIGINT, SIGHUP, SIGTERM,
-			SIGALRM, SIGUSR1, SIGUSR2);
-		sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, $signew, $sigmask) or
-			croak "Can't block signals: $!";
-	}
-	mkfile($db);
-
-	$LOCKFILES{$db_lock} = 1;
-	my $sync;
-	# both of these options make our .rev_db file very, very important
-	# and we can't afford to lose it because rebuild() won't work
-	if ($self->use_svm_props || $self->no_metadata) {
-		$sync = 1;
-		copy($db, $db_lock) or die "rev_map_set(@_): ",
-					   "Failed to copy: ",
-					   "$db => $db_lock ($!)\n";
-	} else {
-		rename $db, $db_lock or die "rev_map_set(@_): ",
-					    "Failed to rename: ",
-					    "$db => $db_lock ($!)\n";
-	}
-
-	sysopen(my $fh, $db_lock, O_RDWR | O_CREAT)
-	     or croak "Couldn't open $db_lock: $!\n";
-	$update_ref eq 'reset' ? _rev_map_reset($fh, $rev, $commit) :
-				 _rev_map_set($fh, $rev, $commit);
-	if ($sync) {
-		$fh->flush or die "Couldn't flush $db_lock: $!\n";
-		$fh->sync or die "Couldn't sync $db_lock: $!\n";
-	}
-	close $fh or croak $!;
-	if ($update_ref) {
-		$_head = $self;
-		my $note = "";
-		$note = " ($update_ref)" if ($update_ref !~ /^\d*$/);
-		command_noisy('update-ref', '-m', "r$rev$note",
-		              $self->refname, $commit);
-	}
-	rename $db_lock, $db or die "rev_map_set(@_): ", "Failed to rename: ",
-	                            "$db_lock => $db ($!)\n";
-	delete $LOCKFILES{$db_lock};
-	if ($update_ref) {
-		sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, $sigmask) or
-			croak "Can't restore signal mask: $!";
-	}
-}
-
-# If want_commit, this will return an array of (rev, commit) where
-# commit _must_ be a valid commit in the archive.
-# Otherwise, it'll return the max revision (whether or not the
-# commit is valid or just a 0x40 placeholder).
-sub rev_map_max {
-	my ($self, $want_commit) = @_;
-	$self->rebuild;
-	my ($r, $c) = $self->rev_map_max_norebuild($want_commit);
-	$want_commit ? ($r, $c) : $r;
-}
-
-sub rev_map_max_norebuild {
-	my ($self, $want_commit) = @_;
-	my $map_path = $self->map_path;
-	stat $map_path or return $want_commit ? (0, undef) : 0;
-	sysopen(my $fh, $map_path, O_RDONLY) or croak "open: $!";
-	binmode $fh or croak "binmode: $!";
-	my $size = (stat($fh))[7];
-	($size % 24) == 0 or croak "inconsistent size: $size";
-
-	if ($size == 0) {
-		close $fh or croak "close: $!";
-		return $want_commit ? (0, undef) : 0;
-	}
-
-	sysseek($fh, -24, SEEK_END) or croak "seek: $!";
-	sysread($fh, my $buf, 24) == 24 or croak "read: $!";
-	my ($r, $c) = unpack(rev_map_fmt, $buf);
-	if ($want_commit && $c eq ('0' x40)) {
-		if ($size < 48) {
-			return $want_commit ? (0, undef) : 0;
-		}
-		sysseek($fh, -48, SEEK_END) or croak "seek: $!";
-		sysread($fh, $buf, 24) == 24 or croak "read: $!";
-		($r, $c) = unpack(rev_map_fmt, $buf);
-		if ($c eq ('0'x40)) {
-			croak "Penultimate record is all-zeroes in $map_path";
-		}
-	}
-	close $fh or croak "close: $!";
-	$want_commit ? ($r, $c) : $r;
-}
-
-sub rev_map_get {
-	my ($self, $rev, $uuid) = @_;
-	my $map_path = $self->map_path($uuid);
-	return undef unless -e $map_path;
-
-	sysopen(my $fh, $map_path, O_RDONLY) or croak "open: $!";
-	my $c = _rev_map_get($fh, $rev);
-	close($fh) or croak "close: $!";
-	$c
-}
-
-sub _rev_map_get {
-	my ($fh, $rev) = @_;
-
-	binmode $fh or croak "binmode: $!";
-	my $size = (stat($fh))[7];
-	($size % 24) == 0 or croak "inconsistent size: $size";
-
-	if ($size == 0) {
-		return undef;
-	}
-
-	my ($l, $u) = (0, $size - 24);
-	my ($r, $c, $buf);
-
-	while ($l <= $u) {
-		my $i = int(($l/24 + $u/24) / 2) * 24;
-		sysseek($fh, $i, SEEK_SET) or croak "seek: $!";
-		sysread($fh, my $buf, 24) == 24 or croak "read: $!";
-		my ($r, $c) = unpack(rev_map_fmt, $buf);
-
-		if ($r < $rev) {
-			$l = $i + 24;
-		} elsif ($r > $rev) {
-			$u = $i - 24;
-		} else { # $r == $rev
-			return $c eq ('0' x 40) ? undef : $c;
-		}
-	}
-	undef;
-}
-
-# Finds the first svn revision that exists on (if $eq_ok is true) or
-# before $rev for the current branch.  It will not search any lower
-# than $min_rev.  Returns the git commit hash and svn revision number
-# if found, else (undef, undef).
-sub find_rev_before {
-	my ($self, $rev, $eq_ok, $min_rev) = @_;
-	--$rev unless $eq_ok;
-	$min_rev ||= 1;
-	my $max_rev = $self->rev_map_max;
-	$rev = $max_rev if ($rev > $max_rev);
-	while ($rev >= $min_rev) {
-		if (my $c = $self->rev_map_get($rev)) {
-			return ($rev, $c);
-		}
-		--$rev;
-	}
-	return (undef, undef);
-}
-
-# Finds the first svn revision that exists on (if $eq_ok is true) or
-# after $rev for the current branch.  It will not search any higher
-# than $max_rev.  Returns the git commit hash and svn revision number
-# if found, else (undef, undef).
-sub find_rev_after {
-	my ($self, $rev, $eq_ok, $max_rev) = @_;
-	++$rev unless $eq_ok;
-	$max_rev ||= $self->rev_map_max;
-	while ($rev <= $max_rev) {
-		if (my $c = $self->rev_map_get($rev)) {
-			return ($rev, $c);
-		}
-		++$rev;
-	}
-	return (undef, undef);
-}
-
-sub _new {
-	my ($class, $repo_id, $ref_id, $path) = @_;
-	unless (defined $repo_id && length $repo_id) {
-		$repo_id = $Git::SVN::default_repo_id;
-	}
-	unless (defined $ref_id && length $ref_id) {
-		$_prefix = '' unless defined($_prefix);
-		$_[2] = $ref_id =
-		             "refs/remotes/$_prefix$Git::SVN::default_ref_id";
-	}
-	$_[1] = $repo_id;
-	my $dir = "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn/$ref_id";
-
-	# Older repos imported by us used $GIT_DIR/svn/foo instead of
-	# $GIT_DIR/svn/refs/remotes/foo when tracking refs/remotes/foo
-	if ($ref_id =~ m{^refs/remotes/(.*)}) {
-		my $old_dir = "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn/$1";
-		if (-d $old_dir && ! -d $dir) {
-			$dir = $old_dir;
-		}
-	}
-
-	$_[3] = $path = '' unless (defined $path);
-	mkpath([$dir]);
-	bless {
-		ref_id => $ref_id, dir => $dir, index => "$dir/index",
-	        path => $path, config => "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn/config",
-	        map_root => "$dir/.rev_map", repo_id => $repo_id }, $class;
-}
-
-# for read-only access of old .rev_db formats
-sub unlink_rev_db_symlink {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	my $link = $self->rev_db_path;
-	$link =~ s/\.[\w-]+$// or croak "missing UUID at the end of $link";
-	if (-l $link) {
-		unlink $link or croak "unlink: $link failed!";
-	}
-}
-
-sub rev_db_path {
-	my ($self, $uuid) = @_;
-	my $db_path = $self->map_path($uuid);
-	$db_path =~ s{/\.rev_map\.}{/\.rev_db\.}
-	    or croak "map_path: $db_path does not contain '/.rev_map.' !";
-	$db_path;
-}
-
-# the new replacement for .rev_db
-sub map_path {
-	my ($self, $uuid) = @_;
-	$uuid ||= $self->ra_uuid;
-	"$self->{map_root}.$uuid";
-}
-
-sub uri_encode {
-	my ($f) = @_;
-	$f =~ s#([^a-zA-Z0-9\*!\:_\./\-])#uc sprintf("%%%02x",ord($1))#eg;
-	$f
-}
-
-sub uri_decode {
-	my ($f) = @_;
-	$f =~ s#%([0-9a-fA-F]{2})#chr(hex($1))#eg;
-	$f
-}
-
-sub remove_username {
-	$_[0] =~ s{^([^:]*://)[^@]+@}{$1};
-}
-
-package Git::SVN::Log;
-use strict;
-use warnings;
-use POSIX qw/strftime/;
-use constant commit_log_separator => ('-' x 72) . "\n";
-use vars qw/$TZ $limit $color $pager $non_recursive $verbose $oneline
-            %rusers $show_commit $incremental/;
-my $l_fmt;
-
-sub cmt_showable {
-	my ($c) = @_;
-	return 1 if defined $c->{r};
-
-	# big commit message got truncated by the 16k pretty buffer in rev-list
-	if ($c->{l} && $c->{l}->[-1] eq "...\n" &&
-				$c->{a_raw} =~ /\@([a-f\d\-]+)>$/) {
-		@{$c->{l}} = ();
-		my @log = command(qw/cat-file commit/, $c->{c});
-
-		# shift off the headers
-		shift @log while ($log[0] ne '');
-		shift @log;
-
-		# TODO: make $c->{l} not have a trailing newline in the future
-		@{$c->{l}} = map { "$_\n" } grep !/^git-svn-id: /, @log;
-
-		(undef, $c->{r}, undef) = ::extract_metadata(
-				(grep(/^git-svn-id: /, @log))[-1]);
-	}
-	return defined $c->{r};
-}
-
-sub log_use_color {
-	return $color || Git->repository->get_colorbool('color.diff');
-}
-
-sub git_svn_log_cmd {
-	my ($r_min, $r_max, @args) = @_;
-	my $head = 'HEAD';
-	my (@files, @log_opts);
-	foreach my $x (@args) {
-		if ($x eq '--' || @files) {
-			push @files, $x;
-		} else {
-			if (::verify_ref("$x^0")) {
-				$head = $x;
-			} else {
-				push @log_opts, $x;
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	my ($url, $rev, $uuid, $gs) = ::working_head_info($head);
-	$gs ||= Git::SVN->_new;
-	my @cmd = (qw/log --abbrev-commit --pretty=raw --default/,
-	           $gs->refname);
-	push @cmd, '-r' unless $non_recursive;
-	push @cmd, qw/--raw --name-status/ if $verbose;
-	push @cmd, '--color' if log_use_color();
-	push @cmd, @log_opts;
-	if (defined $r_max && $r_max == $r_min) {
-		push @cmd, '--max-count=1';
-		if (my $c = $gs->rev_map_get($r_max)) {
-			push @cmd, $c;
-		}
-	} elsif (defined $r_max) {
-		if ($r_max < $r_min) {
-			($r_min, $r_max) = ($r_max, $r_min);
-		}
-		my (undef, $c_max) = $gs->find_rev_before($r_max, 1, $r_min);
-		my (undef, $c_min) = $gs->find_rev_after($r_min, 1, $r_max);
-		# If there are no commits in the range, both $c_max and $c_min
-		# will be undefined.  If there is at least 1 commit in the
-		# range, both will be defined.
-		return () if !defined $c_min || !defined $c_max;
-		if ($c_min eq $c_max) {
-			push @cmd, '--max-count=1', $c_min;
-		} else {
-			push @cmd, '--boundary', "$c_min..$c_max";
-		}
-	}
-	return (@cmd, @files);
-}
-
-# adapted from pager.c
-sub config_pager {
-	if (! -t *STDOUT) {
-		$ENV{GIT_PAGER_IN_USE} = 'false';
-		$pager = undef;
-		return;
-	}
-	chomp($pager = command_oneline(qw(var GIT_PAGER)));
-	if ($pager eq 'cat') {
-		$pager = undef;
-	}
-	$ENV{GIT_PAGER_IN_USE} = defined($pager);
-}
-
-sub run_pager {
-	return unless defined $pager;
-	pipe my ($rfd, $wfd) or return;
-	defined(my $pid = fork) or ::fatal "Can't fork: $!";
-	if (!$pid) {
-		open STDOUT, '>&', $wfd or
-		                     ::fatal "Can't redirect to stdout: $!";
-		return;
-	}
-	open STDIN, '<&', $rfd or ::fatal "Can't redirect stdin: $!";
-	$ENV{LESS} ||= 'FRSX';
-	exec $pager or ::fatal "Can't run pager: $! ($pager)";
-}
-
-sub format_svn_date {
-	my $t = shift || time;
-	my $gmoff = Git::SVN::get_tz($t);
-	return strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S $gmoff (%a, %d %b %Y)", localtime($t));
-}
-
-sub parse_git_date {
-	my ($t, $tz) = @_;
-	# Date::Parse isn't in the standard Perl distro :(
-	if ($tz =~ s/^\+//) {
-		$t += tz_to_s_offset($tz);
-	} elsif ($tz =~ s/^\-//) {
-		$t -= tz_to_s_offset($tz);
-	}
-	return $t;
-}
-
-sub set_local_timezone {
-	if (defined $TZ) {
-		$ENV{TZ} = $TZ;
-	} else {
-		delete $ENV{TZ};
-	}
-}
-
-sub tz_to_s_offset {
-	my ($tz) = @_;
-	$tz =~ s/(\d\d)$//;
-	return ($1 * 60) + ($tz * 3600);
-}
-
-sub get_author_info {
-	my ($dest, $author, $t, $tz) = @_;
-	$author =~ s/(?:^\s*|\s*$)//g;
-	$dest->{a_raw} = $author;
-	my $au;
-	if ($::_authors) {
-		$au = $rusers{$author} || undef;
-	}
-	if (!$au) {
-		($au) = ($author =~ /<([^>]+)\@[^>]+>$/);
-	}
-	$dest->{t} = $t;
-	$dest->{tz} = $tz;
-	$dest->{a} = $au;
-	$dest->{t_utc} = parse_git_date($t, $tz);
-}
-
-sub process_commit {
-	my ($c, $r_min, $r_max, $defer) = @_;
-	if (defined $r_min && defined $r_max) {
-		if ($r_min == $c->{r} && $r_min == $r_max) {
-			show_commit($c);
-			return 0;
-		}
-		return 1 if $r_min == $r_max;
-		if ($r_min < $r_max) {
-			# we need to reverse the print order
-			return 0 if (defined $limit && --$limit < 0);
-			push @$defer, $c;
-			return 1;
-		}
-		if ($r_min != $r_max) {
-			return 1 if ($r_min < $c->{r});
-			return 1 if ($r_max > $c->{r});
-		}
-	}
-	return 0 if (defined $limit && --$limit < 0);
-	show_commit($c);
-	return 1;
-}
-
-sub show_commit {
-	my $c = shift;
-	if ($oneline) {
-		my $x = "\n";
-		if (my $l = $c->{l}) {
-			while ($l->[0] =~ /^\s*$/) { shift @$l }
-			$x = $l->[0];
-		}
-		$l_fmt ||= 'A' . length($c->{r});
-		print 'r',pack($l_fmt, $c->{r}),' | ';
-		print "$c->{c} | " if $show_commit;
-		print $x;
-	} else {
-		show_commit_normal($c);
-	}
-}
-
-sub show_commit_changed_paths {
-	my ($c) = @_;
-	return unless $c->{changed};
-	print "Changed paths:\n", @{$c->{changed}};
-}
-
-sub show_commit_normal {
-	my ($c) = @_;
-	print commit_log_separator, "r$c->{r} | ";
-	print "$c->{c} | " if $show_commit;
-	print "$c->{a} | ", format_svn_date($c->{t_utc}), ' | ';
-	my $nr_line = 0;
-
-	if (my $l = $c->{l}) {
-		while ($l->[$#$l] eq "\n" && $#$l > 0
-		                          && $l->[($#$l - 1)] eq "\n") {
-			pop @$l;
-		}
-		$nr_line = scalar @$l;
-		if (!$nr_line) {
-			print "1 line\n\n\n";
-		} else {
-			if ($nr_line == 1) {
-				$nr_line = '1 line';
-			} else {
-				$nr_line .= ' lines';
-			}
-			print $nr_line, "\n";
-			show_commit_changed_paths($c);
-			print "\n";
-			print $_ foreach @$l;
-		}
-	} else {
-		print "1 line\n";
-		show_commit_changed_paths($c);
-		print "\n";
-
-	}
-	foreach my $x (qw/raw stat diff/) {
-		if ($c->{$x}) {
-			print "\n";
-			print $_ foreach @{$c->{$x}}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-sub cmd_show_log {
-	my (@args) = @_;
-	my ($r_min, $r_max);
-	my $r_last = -1; # prevent dupes
-	set_local_timezone();
-	if (defined $::_revision) {
-		if ($::_revision =~ /^(\d+):(\d+)$/) {
-			($r_min, $r_max) = ($1, $2);
-		} elsif ($::_revision =~ /^\d+$/) {
-			$r_min = $r_max = $::_revision;
-		} else {
-			::fatal "-r$::_revision is not supported, use ",
-				"standard 'git log' arguments instead";
-		}
-	}
-
-	config_pager();
-	@args = git_svn_log_cmd($r_min, $r_max, @args);
-	if (!@args) {
-		print commit_log_separator unless $incremental || $oneline;
-		return;
-	}
-	my $log = command_output_pipe(@args);
-	run_pager();
-	my (@k, $c, $d, $stat);
-	my $esc_color = qr/(?:\033\[(?:(?:\d+;)*\d*)?m)*/;
-	while (<$log>) {
-		if (/^${esc_color}commit (?:- )?($::sha1_short)/o) {
-			my $cmt = $1;
-			if ($c && cmt_showable($c) && $c->{r} != $r_last) {
-				$r_last = $c->{r};
-				process_commit($c, $r_min, $r_max, \@k) or
-								goto out;
-			}
-			$d = undef;
-			$c = { c => $cmt };
-		} elsif (/^${esc_color}author (.+) (\d+) ([\-\+]?\d+)$/o) {
-			get_author_info($c, $1, $2, $3);
-		} elsif (/^${esc_color}(?:tree|parent|committer) /o) {
-			# ignore
-		} elsif (/^${esc_color}:\d{6} \d{6} $::sha1_short/o) {
-			push @{$c->{raw}}, $_;
-		} elsif (/^${esc_color}[ACRMDT]\t/) {
-			# we could add $SVN->{svn_path} here, but that requires
-			# remote access at the moment (repo_path_split)...
-			s#^(${esc_color})([ACRMDT])\t#$1   $2 #o;
-			push @{$c->{changed}}, $_;
-		} elsif (/^${esc_color}diff /o) {
-			$d = 1;
-			push @{$c->{diff}}, $_;
-		} elsif ($d) {
-			push @{$c->{diff}}, $_;
-		} elsif (/^\ .+\ \|\s*\d+\ $esc_color[\+\-]*
-		          $esc_color*[\+\-]*$esc_color$/x) {
-			$stat = 1;
-			push @{$c->{stat}}, $_;
-		} elsif ($stat && /^ \d+ files changed, \d+ insertions/) {
-			push @{$c->{stat}}, $_;
-			$stat = undef;
-		} elsif (/^${esc_color}    (git-svn-id:.+)$/o) {
-			($c->{url}, $c->{r}, undef) = ::extract_metadata($1);
-		} elsif (s/^${esc_color}    //o) {
-			push @{$c->{l}}, $_;
-		}
-	}
-	if ($c && defined $c->{r} && $c->{r} != $r_last) {
-		$r_last = $c->{r};
-		process_commit($c, $r_min, $r_max, \@k);
-	}
-	if (@k) {
-		($r_min, $r_max) = ($r_max, $r_min);
-		process_commit($_, $r_min, $r_max) foreach reverse @k;
-	}
-out:
-	close $log;
-	print commit_log_separator unless $incremental || $oneline;
-}
-
-sub cmd_blame {
-	my $path = pop;
-
-	config_pager();
-	run_pager();
-
-	my ($fh, $ctx, $rev);
-
-	if ($_git_format) {
-		($fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe('blame', @_, $path);
-		while (my $line = <$fh>) {
-			if ($line =~ /^\^?([[:xdigit:]]+)\s/) {
-				# Uncommitted edits show up as a rev ID of
-				# all zeros, which we can't look up with
-				# cmt_metadata
-				if ($1 !~ /^0+$/) {
-					(undef, $rev, undef) =
-						::cmt_metadata($1);
-					$rev = '0' if (!$rev);
-				} else {
-					$rev = '0';
-				}
-				$rev = sprintf('%-10s', $rev);
-				$line =~ s/^\^?[[:xdigit:]]+(\s)/$rev$1/;
-			}
-			print $line;
-		}
-	} else {
-		($fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe('blame', '-p', @_, 'HEAD',
-						  '--', $path);
-		my ($sha1);
-		my %authors;
-		my @buffer;
-		my %dsha; #distinct sha keys
-
-		while (my $line = <$fh>) {
-			push @buffer, $line;
-			if ($line =~ /^([[:xdigit:]]{40})\s\d+\s\d+/) {
-				$dsha{$1} = 1;
-			}
-		}
-
-		my $s2r = ::cmt_sha2rev_batch([keys %dsha]);
-
-		foreach my $line (@buffer) {
-			if ($line =~ /^([[:xdigit:]]{40})\s\d+\s\d+/) {
-				$rev = $s2r->{$1};
-				$rev = '0' if (!$rev)
-			}
-			elsif ($line =~ /^author (.*)/) {
-				$authors{$rev} = $1;
-				$authors{$rev} =~ s/\s/_/g;
-			}
-			elsif ($line =~ /^\t(.*)$/) {
-				printf("%6s %10s %s\n", $rev, $authors{$rev}, $1);
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	command_close_pipe($fh, $ctx);
-}
-
-package Git::SVN::Migration;
-# these version numbers do NOT correspond to actual version numbers
-# of git nor git-svn.  They are just relative.
-#
-# v0 layout: .git/$id/info/url, refs/heads/$id-HEAD
-#
-# v1 layout: .git/$id/info/url, refs/remotes/$id
-#
-# v2 layout: .git/svn/$id/info/url, refs/remotes/$id
-#
-# v3 layout: .git/svn/$id, refs/remotes/$id
-#            - info/url may remain for backwards compatibility
-#            - this is what we migrate up to this layout automatically,
-#            - this will be used by git svn init on single branches
-# v3.1 layout (auto migrated):
-#            - .rev_db => .rev_db.$UUID, .rev_db will remain as a symlink
-#              for backwards compatibility
-#
-# v4 layout: .git/svn/$repo_id/$id, refs/remotes/$repo_id/$id
-#            - this is only created for newly multi-init-ed
-#              repositories.  Similar in spirit to the
-#              --use-separate-remotes option in git-clone (now default)
-#            - we do not automatically migrate to this (following
-#              the example set by core git)
-#
-# v5 layout: .rev_db.$UUID => .rev_map.$UUID
-#            - newer, more-efficient format that uses 24-bytes per record
-#              with no filler space.
-#            - use xxd -c24 < .rev_map.$UUID to view and debug
-#            - This is a one-way migration, repositories updated to the
-#              new format will not be able to use old git-svn without
-#              rebuilding the .rev_db.  Rebuilding the rev_db is not
-#              possible if noMetadata or useSvmProps are set; but should
-#              be no problem for users that use the (sensible) defaults.
-use strict;
-use warnings;
-use Carp qw/croak/;
-use File::Path qw/mkpath/;
-use File::Basename qw/dirname basename/;
-use vars qw/$_minimize/;
-
-sub migrate_from_v0 {
-	my $git_dir = $ENV{GIT_DIR};
-	return undef unless -d $git_dir;
-	my ($fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(qw/rev-parse --symbolic --all/);
-	my $migrated = 0;
-	while (<$fh>) {
-		chomp;
-		my ($id, $orig_ref) = ($_, $_);
-		next unless $id =~ s#^refs/heads/(.+)-HEAD$#$1#;
-		next unless -f "$git_dir/$id/info/url";
-		my $new_ref = "refs/remotes/$id";
-		if (::verify_ref("$new_ref^0")) {
-			print STDERR "W: $orig_ref is probably an old ",
-			             "branch used by an ancient version of ",
-				     "git-svn.\n",
-				     "However, $new_ref also exists.\n",
-				     "We will not be able ",
-				     "to use this branch until this ",
-				     "ambiguity is resolved.\n";
-			next;
-		}
-		print STDERR "Migrating from v0 layout...\n" if !$migrated;
-		print STDERR "Renaming ref: $orig_ref => $new_ref\n";
-		command_noisy('update-ref', $new_ref, $orig_ref);
-		command_noisy('update-ref', '-d', $orig_ref, $orig_ref);
-		$migrated++;
-	}
-	command_close_pipe($fh, $ctx);
-	print STDERR "Done migrating from v0 layout...\n" if $migrated;
-	$migrated;
-}
-
-sub migrate_from_v1 {
-	my $git_dir = $ENV{GIT_DIR};
-	my $migrated = 0;
-	return $migrated unless -d $git_dir;
-	my $svn_dir = "$git_dir/svn";
-
-	# just in case somebody used 'svn' as their $id at some point...
-	return $migrated if -d $svn_dir && ! -f "$svn_dir/info/url";
-
-	print STDERR "Migrating from a git-svn v1 layout...\n";
-	mkpath([$svn_dir]);
-	print STDERR "Data from a previous version of git-svn exists, but\n\t",
-	             "$svn_dir\n\t(required for this version ",
-	             "($::VERSION) of git-svn) does not exist.\n";
-	my ($fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(qw/rev-parse --symbolic --all/);
-	while (<$fh>) {
-		my $x = $_;
-		next unless $x =~ s#^refs/remotes/##;
-		chomp $x;
-		next unless -f "$git_dir/$x/info/url";
-		my $u = eval { ::file_to_s("$git_dir/$x/info/url") };
-		next unless $u;
-		my $dn = dirname("$git_dir/svn/$x");
-		mkpath([$dn]) unless -d $dn;
-		if ($x eq 'svn') { # they used 'svn' as GIT_SVN_ID:
-			mkpath(["$git_dir/svn/svn"]);
-			print STDERR " - $git_dir/$x/info => ",
-			                "$git_dir/svn/$x/info\n";
-			rename "$git_dir/$x/info", "$git_dir/svn/$x/info" or
-			       croak "$!: $x";
-			# don't worry too much about these, they probably
-			# don't exist with repos this old (save for index,
-			# and we can easily regenerate that)
-			foreach my $f (qw/unhandled.log index .rev_db/) {
-				rename "$git_dir/$x/$f", "$git_dir/svn/$x/$f";
-			}
-		} else {
-			print STDERR " - $git_dir/$x => $git_dir/svn/$x\n";
-			rename "$git_dir/$x", "$git_dir/svn/$x" or
-			       croak "$!: $x";
-		}
-		$migrated++;
-	}
-	command_close_pipe($fh, $ctx);
-	print STDERR "Done migrating from a git-svn v1 layout\n";
-	$migrated;
-}
-
-sub read_old_urls {
-	my ($l_map, $pfx, $path) = @_;
-	my @dir;
-	foreach (<$path/*>) {
-		if (-r "$_/info/url") {
-			$pfx .= '/' if $pfx && $pfx !~ m!/$!;
-			my $ref_id = $pfx . basename $_;
-			my $url = ::file_to_s("$_/info/url");
-			$l_map->{$ref_id} = $url;
-		} elsif (-d $_) {
-			push @dir, $_;
-		}
-	}
-	foreach (@dir) {
-		my $x = $_;
-		$x =~ s!^\Q$ENV{GIT_DIR}\E/svn/!!o;
-		read_old_urls($l_map, $x, $_);
-	}
-}
-
-sub migrate_from_v2 {
-	my @cfg = command(qw/config -l/);
-	return if grep /^svn-remote\..+\.url=/, @cfg;
-	my %l_map;
-	read_old_urls(\%l_map, '', "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn");
-	my $migrated = 0;
-
-	foreach my $ref_id (sort keys %l_map) {
-		eval { Git::SVN->init($l_map{$ref_id}, '', undef, $ref_id) };
-		if ($@) {
-			Git::SVN->init($l_map{$ref_id}, '', $ref_id, $ref_id);
-		}
-		$migrated++;
-	}
-	$migrated;
-}
-
-sub minimize_connections {
-	my $r = Git::SVN::read_all_remotes();
-	my $new_urls = {};
-	my $root_repos = {};
-	foreach my $repo_id (keys %$r) {
-		my $url = $r->{$repo_id}->{url} or next;
-		my $fetch = $r->{$repo_id}->{fetch} or next;
-		my $ra = Git::SVN::Ra->new($url);
-
-		# skip existing cases where we already connect to the root
-		if (($ra->{url} eq $ra->{repos_root}) ||
-		    ($ra->{repos_root} eq $repo_id)) {
-			$root_repos->{$ra->{url}} = $repo_id;
-			next;
-		}
-
-		my $root_ra = Git::SVN::Ra->new($ra->{repos_root});
-		my $root_path = $ra->{url};
-		$root_path =~ s#^\Q$ra->{repos_root}\E(/|$)##;
-		foreach my $path (keys %$fetch) {
-			my $ref_id = $fetch->{$path};
-			my $gs = Git::SVN->new($ref_id, $repo_id, $path);
-
-			# make sure we can read when connecting to
-			# a higher level of a repository
-			my ($last_rev, undef) = $gs->last_rev_commit;
-			if (!defined $last_rev) {
-				$last_rev = eval {
-					$root_ra->get_latest_revnum;
-				};
-				next if $@;
-			}
-			my $new = $root_path;
-			$new .= length $path ? "/$path" : '';
-			eval {
-				$root_ra->get_log([$new], $last_rev, $last_rev,
-			                          0, 0, 1, sub { });
-			};
-			next if $@;
-			$new_urls->{$ra->{repos_root}}->{$new} =
-			        { ref_id => $ref_id,
-				  old_repo_id => $repo_id,
-				  old_path => $path };
-		}
-	}
-
-	my @emptied;
-	foreach my $url (keys %$new_urls) {
-		# see if we can re-use an existing [svn-remote "repo_id"]
-		# instead of creating a(n ugly) new section:
-		my $repo_id = $root_repos->{$url} || $url;
-
-		my $fetch = $new_urls->{$url};
-		foreach my $path (keys %$fetch) {
-			my $x = $fetch->{$path};
-			Git::SVN->init($url, $path, $repo_id, $x->{ref_id});
-			my $pfx = "svn-remote.$x->{old_repo_id}";
-
-			my $old_fetch = quotemeta("$x->{old_path}:".
-			                          "$x->{ref_id}");
-			command_noisy(qw/config --unset/,
-			              "$pfx.fetch", '^'. $old_fetch . '$');
-			delete $r->{$x->{old_repo_id}}->
-			       {fetch}->{$x->{old_path}};
-			if (!keys %{$r->{$x->{old_repo_id}}->{fetch}}) {
-				command_noisy(qw/config --unset/,
-				              "$pfx.url");
-				push @emptied, $x->{old_repo_id}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	if (@emptied) {
-		my $file = $ENV{GIT_CONFIG} || "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/config";
-		print STDERR <<EOF;
-The following [svn-remote] sections in your config file ($file) are empty
-and can be safely removed:
-EOF
-		print STDERR "[svn-remote \"$_\"]\n" foreach @emptied;
-	}
-}
-
-sub migration_check {
-	migrate_from_v0();
-	migrate_from_v1();
-	migrate_from_v2();
-	minimize_connections() if $_minimize;
-}
-
-package Git::IndexInfo;
-use strict;
-use warnings;
-use Git qw/command_input_pipe command_close_pipe/;
-
-sub new {
-	my ($class) = @_;
-	my ($gui, $ctx) = command_input_pipe(qw/update-index -z --index-info/);
-	bless { gui => $gui, ctx => $ctx, nr => 0}, $class;
-}
-
-sub remove {
-	my ($self, $path) = @_;
-	if (print { $self->{gui} } '0 ', 0 x 40, "\t", $path, "\0") {
-		return ++$self->{nr};
-	}
-	undef;
-}
-
-sub update {
-	my ($self, $mode, $hash, $path) = @_;
-	if (print { $self->{gui} } $mode, ' ', $hash, "\t", $path, "\0") {
-		return ++$self->{nr};
-	}
-	undef;
-}
-
-sub DESTROY {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	command_close_pipe($self->{gui}, $self->{ctx});
-}
-
-package Git::SVN::GlobSpec;
-use strict;
-use warnings;
-
-sub new {
-	my ($class, $glob, $pattern_ok) = @_;
-	my $re = $glob;
-	$re =~ s!/+$!!g; # no need for trailing slashes
-	my (@left, @right, @patterns);
-	my $state = "left";
-	my $die_msg = "Only one set of wildcard directories " .
-				"(e.g. '*' or '*/*/*') is supported: '$glob'\n";
-	for my $part (split(m|/|, $glob)) {
-		if ($part =~ /\*/ && $part ne "*") {
-			die "Invalid pattern in '$glob': $part\n";
-		} elsif ($pattern_ok && $part =~ /[{}]/ &&
-			 $part !~ /^\{[^{}]+\}/) {
-			die "Invalid pattern in '$glob': $part\n";
-		}
-		if ($part eq "*") {
-			die $die_msg if $state eq "right";
-			$state = "pattern";
-			push(@patterns, "[^/]*");
-		} elsif ($pattern_ok && $part =~ /^\{(.*)\}$/) {
-			die $die_msg if $state eq "right";
-			$state = "pattern";
-			my $p = quotemeta($1);
-			$p =~ s/\\,/|/g;
-			push(@patterns, "(?:$p)");
-		} else {
-			if ($state eq "left") {
-				push(@left, $part);
-			} else {
-				push(@right, $part);
-				$state = "right";
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	my $depth = @patterns;
-	if ($depth == 0) {
-		die "One '*' is needed in glob: '$glob'\n";
-	}
-	my $left = join('/', @left);
-	my $right = join('/', @right);
-	$re = join('/', @patterns);
-	$re = join('\/',
-		   grep(length, quotemeta($left), "($re)", quotemeta($right)));
-	my $left_re = qr/^\/\Q$left\E(\/|$)/;
-	bless { left => $left, right => $right, left_regex => $left_re,
-	        regex => qr/$re/, glob => $glob, depth => $depth }, $class;
-}
-
-sub full_path {
-	my ($self, $path) = @_;
-	return (length $self->{left} ? "$self->{left}/" : '') .
-	       $path . (length $self->{right} ? "/$self->{right}" : '');
-}
-
 __END__
 
 Data structures:
diff --git a/git-web--browse.sh b/git-web--browse.sh
index 1e82726..9f44679 100755
--- a/git-web--browse.sh
+++ b/git-web--browse.sh
@@ -119,8 +119,8 @@
 		browser_candidates="w3m elinks links lynx"
 	fi
 	# SECURITYSESSIONID indicates an OS X GUI login session
-	if test -n "$SECURITYSESSIONID" \
-		-o "$TERM_PROGRAM" = "Apple_Terminal" ; then
+	if test -n "$SECURITYSESSIONID" || test -n "$TERM_PROGRAM"
+	then
 		browser_candidates="open $browser_candidates"
 	fi
 	# /bin/start indicates MinGW
diff --git a/git.c b/git.c
index d232de9..88eef5a 100644
--- a/git.c
+++ b/git.c
@@ -4,52 +4,22 @@
 #include "help.h"
 #include "quote.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
+#include "commit.h"
 
 const char git_usage_string[] =
-	"git [--version] [--exec-path[=<path>]] [--html-path] [--man-path] [--info-path]\n"
+	"git [--version] [--help] [-c name=value]\n"
+	"           [--exec-path[=<path>]] [--html-path] [--man-path] [--info-path]\n"
 	"           [-p|--paginate|--no-pager] [--no-replace-objects] [--bare]\n"
 	"           [--git-dir=<path>] [--work-tree=<path>] [--namespace=<name>]\n"
-	"           [-c name=value] [--help]\n"
 	"           <command> [<args>]";
 
 const char git_more_info_string[] =
-	N_("See 'git help <command>' for more information on a specific command.");
+	N_("'git help -a' and 'git help -g' lists available subcommands and some\n"
+	   "concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>'\n"
+	   "to read about a specific subcommand or concept.");
 
 static struct startup_info git_startup_info;
 static int use_pager = -1;
-struct pager_config {
-	const char *cmd;
-	int want;
-	char *value;
-};
-
-static int pager_command_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *data)
-{
-	struct pager_config *c = data;
-	if (!prefixcmp(var, "pager.") && !strcmp(var + 6, c->cmd)) {
-		int b = git_config_maybe_bool(var, value);
-		if (b >= 0)
-			c->want = b;
-		else {
-			c->want = 1;
-			c->value = xstrdup(value);
-		}
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/* returns 0 for "no pager", 1 for "use pager", and -1 for "not specified" */
-int check_pager_config(const char *cmd)
-{
-	struct pager_config c;
-	c.cmd = cmd;
-	c.want = -1;
-	c.value = NULL;
-	git_config(pager_command_config, &c);
-	if (c.value)
-		pager_program = c.value;
-	return c.want;
-}
 
 static void commit_pager_choice(void) {
 	switch (use_pager) {
@@ -158,6 +128,7 @@
 			static char git_dir[PATH_MAX+1];
 			is_bare_repository_cfg = 1;
 			setenv(GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT, getcwd(git_dir, sizeof(git_dir)), 0);
+			setenv(GIT_IMPLICIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT, "0", 1);
 			if (envchanged)
 				*envchanged = 1;
 		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "-c")) {
@@ -168,6 +139,20 @@
 			git_config_push_parameter((*argv)[1]);
 			(*argv)++;
 			(*argc)--;
+		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "--literal-pathspecs")) {
+			setenv(GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT, "1", 1);
+			if (envchanged)
+				*envchanged = 1;
+		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "--no-literal-pathspecs")) {
+			setenv(GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT, "0", 1);
+			if (envchanged)
+				*envchanged = 1;
+		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "--shallow-file")) {
+			(*argv)++;
+			(*argc)--;
+			set_alternate_shallow_file((*argv)[0]);
+			if (envchanged)
+				*envchanged = 1;
 		} else {
 			fprintf(stderr, "Unknown option: %s\n", cmd);
 			usage(git_usage_string);
@@ -256,8 +241,6 @@
 	return ret;
 }
 
-const char git_version_string[] = GIT_VERSION;
-
 #define RUN_SETUP		(1<<0)
 #define RUN_SETUP_GENTLY	(1<<1)
 #define USE_PAGER		(1<<2)
@@ -340,6 +323,7 @@
 		{ "bundle", cmd_bundle, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
 		{ "cat-file", cmd_cat_file, RUN_SETUP },
 		{ "check-attr", cmd_check_attr, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "check-ignore", cmd_check_ignore, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
 		{ "check-ref-format", cmd_check_ref_format },
 		{ "checkout", cmd_checkout, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
 		{ "checkout-index", cmd_checkout_index,
@@ -353,6 +337,7 @@
 		{ "commit-tree", cmd_commit_tree, RUN_SETUP },
 		{ "config", cmd_config, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
 		{ "count-objects", cmd_count_objects, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "credential", cmd_credential, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
 		{ "describe", cmd_describe, RUN_SETUP },
 		{ "diff", cmd_diff },
 		{ "diff-files", cmd_diff_files, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
@@ -570,7 +555,7 @@
 		commit_pager_choice();
 		printf("usage: %s\n\n", git_usage_string);
 		list_common_cmds_help();
-		printf("\n%s\n", git_more_info_string);
+		printf("\n%s\n", _(git_more_info_string));
 		exit(1);
 	}
 	cmd = argv[0];
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/.gitignore b/git_remote_helpers/.gitignore
index 2247d5f..cf040af 100644
--- a/git_remote_helpers/.gitignore
+++ b/git_remote_helpers/.gitignore
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
+/GIT-PYTHON-VERSION
 /build
 /dist
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/Makefile b/git_remote_helpers/Makefile
index 74b05dc..3d12232 100644
--- a/git_remote_helpers/Makefile
+++ b/git_remote_helpers/Makefile
@@ -23,10 +23,16 @@
 
 PYLIBDIR=$(shell $(PYTHON_PATH) -c \
 	 "import sys; \
-	 print 'lib/python%i.%i/site-packages' % sys.version_info[:2]")
+	 print('lib/python%i.%i/site-packages' % sys.version_info[:2])")
+
+py_version=$(shell $(PYTHON_PATH) -c \
+	'import sys; print("%i.%i" % sys.version_info[:2])')
 
 all: $(pysetupfile)
-	$(QUIET)$(PYTHON_PATH) $(pysetupfile) $(QUIETSETUP) build
+	$(QUIET)test "$$(cat GIT-PYTHON-VERSION 2>/dev/null)" = "$(py_version)" || \
+	flags=--force; \
+	$(PYTHON_PATH) $(pysetupfile) $(QUIETSETUP) build $$flags
+	$(QUIET)echo "$(py_version)" >GIT-PYTHON-VERSION
 
 install: $(pysetupfile)
 	$(PYTHON_PATH) $(pysetupfile) install --prefix $(DESTDIR_SQ)$(prefix)
@@ -36,4 +42,4 @@
 
 clean:
 	$(QUIET)$(PYTHON_PATH) $(pysetupfile) $(QUIETSETUP) clean -a
-	$(RM) *.pyo *.pyc
+	$(RM) *.pyo *.pyc GIT-PYTHON-VERSION
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/git/__init__.py b/git_remote_helpers/git/__init__.py
index e69de29..1dbb1b0 100644
--- a/git_remote_helpers/git/__init__.py
+++ b/git_remote_helpers/git/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+import sys
+if sys.hexversion < 0x02040000:
+    # The limiter is the subprocess module
+    sys.stderr.write("git_remote_helpers: requires Python 2.4 or later.\n")
+    sys.exit(1)
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/git/importer.py b/git_remote_helpers/git/importer.py
index 5c6b595..d3f90e1 100644
--- a/git_remote_helpers/git/importer.py
+++ b/git_remote_helpers/git/importer.py
@@ -18,13 +18,16 @@
 
     def get_refs(self, gitdir):
         """Returns a dictionary with refs.
+
+        Note that the keys in the returned dictionary are byte strings as
+        read from git.
         """
         args = ["git", "--git-dir=" + gitdir, "for-each-ref", "refs/heads"]
-        lines = check_output(args).strip().split('\n')
+        lines = check_output(args).strip().split('\n'.encode('ascii'))
         refs = {}
         for line in lines:
-            value, name = line.split(' ')
-            name = name.strip('commit\t')
+            value, name = line.split(' '.encode('ascii'))
+            name = name.strip('commit\t'.encode('ascii'))
             refs[name] = value
         return refs
 
@@ -39,7 +42,7 @@
             gitdir = self.repo.gitpath
         else:
             gitdir = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(dirname, '.git'))
-        path = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(dirname, 'git.marks'))
+        path = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(dirname, 'testgit.marks'))
 
         if not os.path.exists(dirname):
             os.makedirs(dirname)
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/setup.py b/git_remote_helpers/setup.py
index 4d434b6..6de41de 100644
--- a/git_remote_helpers/setup.py
+++ b/git_remote_helpers/setup.py
@@ -4,6 +4,15 @@
 
 from distutils.core import setup
 
+# If building under Python3 we need to run 2to3 on the code, do this by
+# trying to import distutils' 2to3 builder, which is only available in
+# Python3.
+try:
+    from distutils.command.build_py import build_py_2to3 as build_py
+except ImportError:
+    # 2.x
+    from distutils.command.build_py import build_py
+
 setup(
     name = 'git_remote_helpers',
     version = '0.1.0',
@@ -14,4 +23,5 @@
     url = 'http://www.git-scm.com/',
     package_dir = {'git_remote_helpers': ''},
     packages = ['git_remote_helpers', 'git_remote_helpers.git'],
+    cmdclass = {'build_py': build_py},
 )
diff --git a/gitk-git/.gitignore b/gitk-git/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d7ebcaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitk-git/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+/GIT-TCLTK-VARS
+/gitk-wish
diff --git a/gitk-git/Makefile b/gitk-git/Makefile
index e1b6045..5acdc90 100644
--- a/gitk-git/Makefile
+++ b/gitk-git/Makefile
@@ -17,6 +17,16 @@
 bindir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(bindir))
 TCLTK_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(TCLTK_PATH))
 
+### Detect Tck/Tk interpreter path changes
+TRACK_TCLTK = $(subst ','\'',-DTCLTK_PATH='$(TCLTK_PATH_SQ)')
+
+GIT-TCLTK-VARS: FORCE
+	@VARS='$(TRACK_TCLTK)'; \
+		if test x"$$VARS" != x"`cat $@ 2>/dev/null`" ; then \
+			echo 1>&2 "    * new Tcl/Tk interpreter location"; \
+			echo "$$VARS" >$@; \
+		fi
+
 ## po-file creation rules
 XGETTEXT   ?= xgettext
 ifdef NO_MSGFMT
@@ -49,9 +59,9 @@
 	$(RM) '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(bindir_SQ)'/gitk
 
 clean::
-	$(RM) gitk-wish po/*.msg
+	$(RM) gitk-wish po/*.msg GIT-TCLTK-VARS
 
-gitk-wish: gitk
+gitk-wish: gitk GIT-TCLTK-VARS
 	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@ $@+ && \
 	sed -e '1,3s|^exec .* "$$0"|exec $(subst |,'\|',$(TCLTK_PATH_SQ)) "$$0"|' <gitk >$@+ && \
 	chmod +x $@+ && \
@@ -65,3 +75,5 @@
 	@echo Generating catalog $@
 	$(MSGFMT) --statistics --tcl $< -l $(basename $(notdir $<)) -d $(dir $@)
 
+.PHONY: all install uninstall clean update-po
+.PHONY: FORCE
diff --git a/gitk-git/gitk b/gitk-git/gitk
index 22270ce..5cd00d8 100755
--- a/gitk-git/gitk
+++ b/gitk-git/gitk
@@ -1998,6 +1998,9 @@
     return [string map {&& & & {}} [mc $str]]
 }
 
+proc cleardropsel {w} {
+    $w selection clear
+}
 proc makedroplist {w varname args} {
     global use_ttk
     if {$use_ttk} {
@@ -2007,7 +2010,9 @@
             if {$cx > $width} {set width $cx}
         }
 	set gm [ttk::combobox $w -width $width -state readonly\
-		    -textvariable $varname -values $args]
+		    -textvariable $varname -values $args \
+		    -exportselection false]
+	bind $gm <<ComboboxSelected>> [list $gm selection clear]
     } else {
 	set gm [eval [linsert $args 0 tk_optionMenu $w $varname]]
     }
@@ -2026,6 +2031,9 @@
     global highlight_files gdttype
     global searchstring sstring
     global bgcolor fgcolor bglist fglist diffcolors selectbgcolor
+    global uifgcolor uifgdisabledcolor
+    global filesepbgcolor filesepfgcolor
+    global mergecolors foundbgcolor currentsearchhitbgcolor
     global headctxmenu progresscanv progressitem progresscoords statusw
     global fprogitem fprogcoord lastprogupdate progupdatepending
     global rprogitem rprogcoord rownumsel numcommits
@@ -2038,7 +2046,7 @@
     set file {
 	mc "File" cascade {
 	    {mc "Update" command updatecommits -accelerator F5}
-	    {mc "Reload" command reloadcommits -accelerator Meta1-F5}
+	    {mc "Reload" command reloadcommits -accelerator Shift-F5}
 	    {mc "Reread references" command rereadrefs}
 	    {mc "List references" command showrefs -accelerator F2}
 	    {xx "" separator}
@@ -2161,7 +2169,7 @@
     trace add variable sha1string write sha1change
     pack $sha1entry -side left -pady 2
 
-    image create bitmap bm-left -data {
+    set bm_left_data {
 	#define left_width 16
 	#define left_height 16
 	static unsigned char left_bits[] = {
@@ -2169,7 +2177,7 @@
 	0x0e, 0x00, 0xff, 0x7f, 0xff, 0x7f, 0xff, 0x7f, 0x0e, 0x00, 0x1c, 0x00,
 	0x38, 0x00, 0x70, 0x00, 0xe0, 0x00, 0xc0, 0x01};
     }
-    image create bitmap bm-right -data {
+    set bm_right_data {
 	#define right_width 16
 	#define right_height 16
 	static unsigned char right_bits[] = {
@@ -2177,11 +2185,24 @@
 	0x00, 0x38, 0xff, 0x7f, 0xff, 0x7f, 0xff, 0x7f, 0x00, 0x38, 0x00, 0x1c,
 	0x00, 0x0e, 0x00, 0x07, 0x80, 0x03, 0xc0, 0x01};
     }
-    ${NS}::button .tf.bar.leftbut -image bm-left -command goback \
-	-state disabled -width 26
+    image create bitmap bm-left -data $bm_left_data -foreground $uifgcolor
+    image create bitmap bm-left-gray -data $bm_left_data -foreground $uifgdisabledcolor
+    image create bitmap bm-right -data $bm_right_data -foreground $uifgcolor
+    image create bitmap bm-right-gray -data $bm_right_data -foreground $uifgdisabledcolor
+
+    ${NS}::button .tf.bar.leftbut -command goback -state disabled -width 26
+    if {$use_ttk} {
+	.tf.bar.leftbut configure -image [list bm-left disabled bm-left-gray]
+    } else {
+	.tf.bar.leftbut configure -image bm-left
+    }
     pack .tf.bar.leftbut -side left -fill y
-    ${NS}::button .tf.bar.rightbut -image bm-right -command goforw \
-	-state disabled -width 26
+    ${NS}::button .tf.bar.rightbut -command goforw -state disabled -width 26
+    if {$use_ttk} {
+	.tf.bar.rightbut configure -image [list bm-right disabled bm-right-gray]
+    } else {
+	.tf.bar.rightbut configure -image bm-right
+    }
     pack .tf.bar.rightbut -side left -fill y
 
     ${NS}::label .tf.bar.rowlabel -text [mc "Row"]
@@ -2232,7 +2253,8 @@
     set gm [makedroplist .tf.lbar.gdttype gdttype \
 		[mc "containing:"] \
 		[mc "touching paths:"] \
-		[mc "adding/removing string:"]]
+		[mc "adding/removing string:"] \
+		[mc "changing lines matching:"]]
     trace add variable gdttype write gdttype_change
     pack .tf.lbar.gdttype -side left -fill y
 
@@ -2336,31 +2358,33 @@
     lappend fglist $ctext
 
     $ctext tag conf comment -wrap $wrapcomment
-    $ctext tag conf filesep -font textfontbold -back "#aaaaaa"
+    $ctext tag conf filesep -font textfontbold -fore $filesepfgcolor -back $filesepbgcolor
     $ctext tag conf hunksep -fore [lindex $diffcolors 2]
     $ctext tag conf d0 -fore [lindex $diffcolors 0]
     $ctext tag conf dresult -fore [lindex $diffcolors 1]
-    $ctext tag conf m0 -fore red
-    $ctext tag conf m1 -fore blue
-    $ctext tag conf m2 -fore green
-    $ctext tag conf m3 -fore purple
-    $ctext tag conf m4 -fore brown
-    $ctext tag conf m5 -fore "#009090"
-    $ctext tag conf m6 -fore magenta
-    $ctext tag conf m7 -fore "#808000"
-    $ctext tag conf m8 -fore "#009000"
-    $ctext tag conf m9 -fore "#ff0080"
-    $ctext tag conf m10 -fore cyan
-    $ctext tag conf m11 -fore "#b07070"
-    $ctext tag conf m12 -fore "#70b0f0"
-    $ctext tag conf m13 -fore "#70f0b0"
-    $ctext tag conf m14 -fore "#f0b070"
-    $ctext tag conf m15 -fore "#ff70b0"
+    $ctext tag conf m0 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 0]
+    $ctext tag conf m1 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 1]
+    $ctext tag conf m2 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 2]
+    $ctext tag conf m3 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 3]
+    $ctext tag conf m4 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 4]
+    $ctext tag conf m5 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 5]
+    $ctext tag conf m6 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 6]
+    $ctext tag conf m7 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 7]
+    $ctext tag conf m8 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 8]
+    $ctext tag conf m9 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 9]
+    $ctext tag conf m10 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 10]
+    $ctext tag conf m11 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 11]
+    $ctext tag conf m12 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 12]
+    $ctext tag conf m13 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 13]
+    $ctext tag conf m14 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 14]
+    $ctext tag conf m15 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 15]
     $ctext tag conf mmax -fore darkgrey
     set mergemax 16
     $ctext tag conf mresult -font textfontbold
     $ctext tag conf msep -font textfontbold
-    $ctext tag conf found -back yellow
+    $ctext tag conf found -back $foundbgcolor
+    $ctext tag conf currentsearchhit -back $currentsearchhitbgcolor
+    $ctext tag conf wwrap -wrap word
 
     .pwbottom add .bleft
     if {!$use_ttk} {
@@ -2495,10 +2519,9 @@
     bindkey ? {dofind -1 1}
     bindkey f nextfile
     bind . <F5> updatecommits
-    bind . <$M1B-F5> reloadcommits
+    bindmodfunctionkey Shift 5 reloadcommits
     bind . <F2> showrefs
-    bind . <Shift-F4> {newview 0}
-    catch { bind . <Shift-Key-XF86_Switch_VT_4> {newview 0} }
+    bindmodfunctionkey Shift 4 {newview 0}
     bind . <F4> edit_or_newview
     bind . <$M1B-q> doquit
     bind . <$M1B-f> {dofind 1 1}
@@ -2523,6 +2546,7 @@
     bind $cflist $ctxbut {pop_flist_menu %W %X %Y %x %y}
     bind $ctext $ctxbut {pop_diff_menu %W %X %Y %x %y}
     bind $ctext <Button-1> {focus %W}
+    bind $ctext <<Selection>> rehighlight_search_results
 
     set maincursor [. cget -cursor]
     set textcursor [$ctext cget -cursor]
@@ -2544,6 +2568,7 @@
 	{mc "Compare with marked commit" command compare_commits}
 	{mc "Diff this -> marked commit" command {diffvsmark 0}}
 	{mc "Diff marked commit -> this" command {diffvsmark 1}}
+	{mc "Revert this commit" command revert}
     }
     $rowctxmenu configure -tearoff 0
 
@@ -2646,6 +2671,11 @@
     }
 }
 
+proc bindmodfunctionkey {mod n script} {
+    bind . <$mod-F$n> $script
+    catch { bind . <$mod-XF86_Switch_VT_$n> $script }
+}
+
 # set the focus back to the toplevel for any click outside
 # the entry widgets
 proc click {w} {
@@ -2701,8 +2731,16 @@
     global viewname viewfiles viewargs viewargscmd viewperm nextviewnum
     global cmitmode wrapcomment datetimeformat limitdiffs
     global colors uicolor bgcolor fgcolor diffcolors diffcontext selectbgcolor
+    global uifgcolor uifgdisabledcolor
+    global headbgcolor headfgcolor headoutlinecolor remotebgcolor
+    global tagbgcolor tagfgcolor tagoutlinecolor
+    global reflinecolor filesepbgcolor filesepfgcolor
+    global mergecolors foundbgcolor currentsearchhitbgcolor
+    global linehoverbgcolor linehoverfgcolor linehoveroutlinecolor circlecolors
+    global mainheadcirclecolor workingfilescirclecolor indexcirclecolor
+    global linkfgcolor circleoutlinecolor
     global autoselect autosellen extdifftool perfile_attrs markbgcolor use_ttk
-    global hideremotes want_ttk
+    global hideremotes want_ttk maxrefs
 
     if {$stuffsaved} return
     if {![winfo viewable .]} return
@@ -2724,6 +2762,7 @@
 	puts $f [list set autoselect $autoselect]
 	puts $f [list set autosellen $autosellen]
 	puts $f [list set showneartags $showneartags]
+	puts $f [list set maxrefs $maxrefs]
 	puts $f [list set hideremotes $hideremotes]
 	puts $f [list set showlocalchanges $showlocalchanges]
 	puts $f [list set datetimeformat $datetimeformat]
@@ -2732,13 +2771,37 @@
 	puts $f [list set want_ttk $want_ttk]
 	puts $f [list set bgcolor $bgcolor]
 	puts $f [list set fgcolor $fgcolor]
+	puts $f [list set uifgcolor $uifgcolor]
+	puts $f [list set uifgdisabledcolor $uifgdisabledcolor]
 	puts $f [list set colors $colors]
 	puts $f [list set diffcolors $diffcolors]
+	puts $f [list set mergecolors $mergecolors]
 	puts $f [list set markbgcolor $markbgcolor]
 	puts $f [list set diffcontext $diffcontext]
 	puts $f [list set selectbgcolor $selectbgcolor]
+	puts $f [list set foundbgcolor $foundbgcolor]
+	puts $f [list set currentsearchhitbgcolor $currentsearchhitbgcolor]
 	puts $f [list set extdifftool $extdifftool]
 	puts $f [list set perfile_attrs $perfile_attrs]
+	puts $f [list set headbgcolor $headbgcolor]
+	puts $f [list set headfgcolor $headfgcolor]
+	puts $f [list set headoutlinecolor $headoutlinecolor]
+	puts $f [list set remotebgcolor $remotebgcolor]
+	puts $f [list set tagbgcolor $tagbgcolor]
+	puts $f [list set tagfgcolor $tagfgcolor]
+	puts $f [list set tagoutlinecolor $tagoutlinecolor]
+	puts $f [list set reflinecolor $reflinecolor]
+	puts $f [list set filesepbgcolor $filesepbgcolor]
+	puts $f [list set filesepfgcolor $filesepfgcolor]
+	puts $f [list set linehoverbgcolor $linehoverbgcolor]
+	puts $f [list set linehoverfgcolor $linehoverfgcolor]
+	puts $f [list set linehoveroutlinecolor $linehoveroutlinecolor]
+	puts $f [list set mainheadcirclecolor $mainheadcirclecolor]
+	puts $f [list set workingfilescirclecolor $workingfilescirclecolor]
+	puts $f [list set indexcirclecolor $indexcirclecolor]
+	puts $f [list set circlecolors $circlecolors]
+	puts $f [list set linkfgcolor $linkfgcolor]
+	puts $f [list set circleoutlinecolor $circleoutlinecolor]
 
 	puts $f "set geometry(main) [wm geometry .]"
 	puts $f "set geometry(state) [wm state .]"
@@ -3309,6 +3372,7 @@
     } else {
 	catch {$ctext yview [lindex $difffilestart [expr {$l - 2}]]}
     }
+    suppress_highlighting_file_for_current_scrollpos
 }
 
 proc pop_flist_menu {w X Y x y} {
@@ -4595,6 +4659,8 @@
 	set gdtargs [concat -- $relative_paths]
     } elseif {$gdttype eq [mc "adding/removing string:"]} {
 	set gdtargs [list "-S$highlight_files"]
+    } elseif {$gdttype eq [mc "changing lines matching:"]} {
+	set gdtargs [list "-G$highlight_files"]
     } else {
 	# must be "containing:", i.e. we're searching commit info
 	return
@@ -5903,15 +5969,17 @@
     global linehtag linentag linedtag selectedline
     global canvxmax boldids boldnameids fgcolor markedid
     global mainheadid nullid nullid2 circleitem circlecolors ctxbut
+    global mainheadcirclecolor workingfilescirclecolor indexcirclecolor
+    global circleoutlinecolor
 
     # listed is 0 for boundary, 1 for normal, 2 for negative, 3 for left, 4 for right
     set listed $cmitlisted($curview,$id)
     if {$id eq $nullid} {
-	set ofill red
+	set ofill $workingfilescirclecolor
     } elseif {$id eq $nullid2} {
-	set ofill green
+	set ofill $indexcirclecolor
     } elseif {$id eq $mainheadid} {
-	set ofill yellow
+	set ofill $mainheadcirclecolor
     } else {
 	set ofill [lindex $circlecolors $listed]
     }
@@ -5921,21 +5989,21 @@
     if {$listed <= 2} {
 	set t [$canv create oval [expr {$x - $orad}] [expr {$y - $orad}] \
 		   [expr {$x + $orad - 1}] [expr {$y + $orad - 1}] \
-		   -fill $ofill -outline $fgcolor -width 1 -tags circle]
+		   -fill $ofill -outline $circleoutlinecolor -width 1 -tags circle]
     } elseif {$listed == 3} {
 	# triangle pointing left for left-side commits
 	set t [$canv create polygon \
 		   [expr {$x - $orad}] $y \
 		   [expr {$x + $orad - 1}] [expr {$y - $orad}] \
 		   [expr {$x + $orad - 1}] [expr {$y + $orad - 1}] \
-		   -fill $ofill -outline $fgcolor -width 1 -tags circle]
+		   -fill $ofill -outline $circleoutlinecolor -width 1 -tags circle]
     } else {
 	# triangle pointing right for right-side commits
 	set t [$canv create polygon \
 		   [expr {$x + $orad - 1}] $y \
 		   [expr {$x - $orad}] [expr {$y - $orad}] \
 		   [expr {$x - $orad}] [expr {$y + $orad - 1}] \
-		   -fill $ofill -outline $fgcolor -width 1 -tags circle]
+		   -fill $ofill -outline $circleoutlinecolor -width 1 -tags circle]
     }
     set circleitem($row) $t
     $canv raise $t
@@ -6323,6 +6391,9 @@
     global idtags idheads idotherrefs mainhead
     global linespc lthickness
     global canv rowtextx curview fgcolor bgcolor ctxbut
+    global headbgcolor headfgcolor headoutlinecolor remotebgcolor
+    global tagbgcolor tagfgcolor tagoutlinecolor
+    global reflinecolor
 
     set marks {}
     set ntags 0
@@ -6360,7 +6431,7 @@
 	set xt [expr {$xt + $delta + $wid + $lthickness + $linespc}]
     }
     set t [$canv create line $x $y1 [lindex $xvals end] $y1 \
-	       -width $lthickness -fill black -tags tag.$id]
+	       -width $lthickness -fill $reflinecolor -tags tag.$id]
     $canv lower $t
     foreach tag $marks x $xvals wid $wvals {
 	set tag_quoted [string map {% %%} $tag]
@@ -6371,13 +6442,14 @@
 	    # draw a tag
 	    set t [$canv create polygon $x [expr {$yt + $delta}] $xl $yt \
 		       $xr $yt $xr $yb $xl $yb $x [expr {$yb - $delta}] \
-		       -width 1 -outline black -fill yellow -tags tag.$id]
+		       -width 1 -outline $tagoutlinecolor -fill $tagbgcolor \
+		       -tags tag.$id]
 	    $canv bind $t <1> [list showtag $tag_quoted 1]
 	    set rowtextx([rowofcommit $id]) [expr {$xr + $linespc}]
 	} else {
 	    # draw a head or other ref
 	    if {[incr nheads -1] >= 0} {
-		set col green
+		set col $headbgcolor
 		if {$tag eq $mainhead} {
 		    set font mainfontbold
 		}
@@ -6393,10 +6465,10 @@
 		set yti [expr {$yt + 1}]
 		set xri [expr {$x + $rwid}]
 		$canv create polygon $xi $yti $xri $yti $xri $yb $xi $yb \
-			-width 0 -fill "#ffddaa" -tags tag.$id
+			-width 0 -fill $remotebgcolor -tags tag.$id
 	    }
 	}
-	set t [$canv create text $xl $y1 -anchor w -text $tag -fill $fgcolor \
+	set t [$canv create text $xl $y1 -anchor w -text $tag -fill $headfgcolor \
 		   -font $font -tags [list tag.$id text]]
 	if {$ntags >= 0} {
 	    $canv bind $t <1> [list showtag $tag_quoted 1]
@@ -6777,6 +6849,7 @@
 
 proc setlink {id lk} {
     global curview ctext pendinglinks
+    global linkfgcolor
 
     if {[string range $id 0 1] eq "-g"} {
       set id [string range $id 2 end]
@@ -6794,7 +6867,7 @@
 	set known [commitinview $id $curview]
     }
     if {$known} {
-	$ctext tag conf $lk -foreground blue -underline 1
+	$ctext tag conf $lk -foreground $linkfgcolor -underline 1
 	$ctext tag bind $lk <1> [list selbyid $id]
 	$ctext tag bind $lk <Enter> {linkcursor %W 1}
 	$ctext tag bind $lk <Leave> {linkcursor %W -1}
@@ -6857,7 +6930,7 @@
 # add a list of tag or branch names at position pos
 # returns the number of names inserted
 proc appendrefs {pos ids var} {
-    global ctext linknum curview $var maxrefs
+    global ctext linknum curview $var maxrefs mainheadid
 
     if {[catch {$ctext index $pos}]} {
 	return 0
@@ -6870,24 +6943,54 @@
 	    lappend tags [list $tag $id]
 	}
     }
+
+    set sep {}
+    set tags [lsort -index 0 -decreasing $tags]
+    set nutags 0
+
     if {[llength $tags] > $maxrefs} {
-	$ctext insert $pos "[mc "many"] ([llength $tags])"
-    } else {
-	set tags [lsort -index 0 -decreasing $tags]
-	set sep {}
-	foreach ti $tags {
-	    set id [lindex $ti 1]
-	    set lk link$linknum
-	    incr linknum
-	    $ctext tag delete $lk
-	    $ctext insert $pos $sep
-	    $ctext insert $pos [lindex $ti 0] $lk
-	    setlink $id $lk
-	    set sep ", "
+	# If we are displaying heads, and there are too many,
+	# see if there are some important heads to display.
+	# Currently this means "master" and the current head.
+	set itags {}
+	if {$var eq "idheads"} {
+	    set utags {}
+	    foreach ti $tags {
+		set hname [lindex $ti 0]
+		set id [lindex $ti 1]
+		if {($hname eq "master" || $id eq $mainheadid) &&
+		    [llength $itags] < $maxrefs} {
+		    lappend itags $ti
+		} else {
+		    lappend utags $ti
+		}
+	    }
+	    set tags $utags
 	}
+	if {$itags ne {}} {
+	    set str [mc "and many more"]
+	    set sep " "
+	} else {
+	    set str [mc "many"]
+	}
+	$ctext insert $pos "$str ([llength $tags])"
+	set nutags [llength $tags]
+	set tags $itags
     }
+
+    foreach ti $tags {
+	set id [lindex $ti 1]
+	set lk link$linknum
+	incr linknum
+	$ctext tag delete $lk
+	$ctext insert $pos $sep
+	$ctext insert $pos [lindex $ti 0] $lk
+	setlink $id $lk
+	set sep ", "
+    }
+    $ctext tag add wwrap "$pos linestart" "$pos lineend"
     $ctext conf -state disabled
-    return [llength $tags]
+    return [expr {[llength $tags] + $nutags}]
 }
 
 # called when we have finished computing the nearby tags
@@ -7519,9 +7622,13 @@
 }
 
 proc gettreediffs {ids} {
-    global treediff treepending
+    global treediff treepending limitdiffs vfilelimit curview
 
-    if {[catch {set gdtf [open [diffcmd $ids {--no-commit-id}] r]}]} return
+    set cmd [diffcmd $ids {--no-commit-id}]
+    if {$limitdiffs && $vfilelimit($curview) ne {}} {
+	    set cmd [concat $cmd -- $vfilelimit($curview)]
+    }
+    if {[catch {set gdtf [open $cmd r]}]} return
 
     set treepending $ids
     set treediff {}
@@ -7565,17 +7672,7 @@
 	return [expr {$nr >= $max? 2: 1}]
     }
     close $gdtf
-    if {$limitdiffs && $vfilelimit($curview) ne {}} {
-	set flist {}
-	foreach f $treediff {
-	    if {[path_filter $vfilelimit($curview) $f]} {
-		lappend flist $f
-	    }
-	}
-	set treediffs($ids) $flist
-    } else {
-	set treediffs($ids) $treediff
-    }
+    set treediffs($ids) $treediff
     unset treepending
     if {$cmitmode eq "tree" && [llength $diffids] == 1} {
 	gettree $diffids
@@ -7947,32 +8044,45 @@
     $ctext tag conf dresult -elide [lindex $diffelide 1]
 }
 
-proc highlightfile {loc cline} {
-    global ctext cflist cflist_top
+proc highlightfile {cline} {
+    global cflist cflist_top
 
-    $ctext yview $loc
+    if {![info exists cflist_top]} return
+
     $cflist tag remove highlight $cflist_top.0 "$cflist_top.0 lineend"
     $cflist tag add highlight $cline.0 "$cline.0 lineend"
     $cflist see $cline.0
     set cflist_top $cline
 }
 
+proc highlightfile_for_scrollpos {topidx} {
+    global cmitmode difffilestart
+
+    if {$cmitmode eq "tree"} return
+    if {![info exists difffilestart]} return
+
+    set top [lindex [split $topidx .] 0]
+    if {$difffilestart eq {} || $top < [lindex $difffilestart 0]} {
+	highlightfile 0
+    } else {
+	highlightfile [expr {[bsearch $difffilestart $top] + 2}]
+    }
+}
+
 proc prevfile {} {
     global difffilestart ctext cmitmode
 
     if {$cmitmode eq "tree"} return
     set prev 0.0
-    set prevline 1
     set here [$ctext index @0,0]
     foreach loc $difffilestart {
 	if {[$ctext compare $loc >= $here]} {
-	    highlightfile $prev $prevline
+	    $ctext yview $prev
 	    return
 	}
 	set prev $loc
-	incr prevline
     }
-    highlightfile $prev $prevline
+    $ctext yview $prev
 }
 
 proc nextfile {} {
@@ -7980,11 +8090,9 @@
 
     if {$cmitmode eq "tree"} return
     set here [$ctext index @0,0]
-    set line 1
     foreach loc $difffilestart {
-	incr line
 	if {[$ctext compare $loc > $here]} {
-	    highlightfile $loc $line
+	    $ctext yview $loc
 	    return
 	}
     }
@@ -8030,7 +8138,6 @@
 proc incrsearch {name ix op} {
     global ctext searchstring searchdirn
 
-    $ctext tag remove found 1.0 end
     if {[catch {$ctext index anchor}]} {
 	# no anchor set, use start of selection, or of visible area
 	set sel [$ctext tag ranges sel]
@@ -8043,12 +8150,17 @@
 	}
     }
     if {$searchstring ne {}} {
-	set here [$ctext search $searchdirn -- $searchstring anchor]
+	set here [$ctext search -count mlen $searchdirn -- $searchstring anchor]
 	if {$here ne {}} {
 	    $ctext see $here
+	    set mend "$here + $mlen c"
+	    $ctext tag remove sel 1.0 end
+	    $ctext tag add sel $here $mend
+	    suppress_highlighting_file_for_current_scrollpos
+	    highlightfile_for_scrollpos $here
 	}
-	searchmarkvisible 1
     }
+    rehighlight_search_results
 }
 
 proc dosearch {} {
@@ -8071,9 +8183,12 @@
 	    return
 	}
 	$ctext see $match
+	suppress_highlighting_file_for_current_scrollpos
+	highlightfile_for_scrollpos $match
 	set mend "$match + $mlen c"
 	$ctext tag add sel $match $mend
 	$ctext mark unset anchor
+	rehighlight_search_results
     }
 }
 
@@ -8097,21 +8212,41 @@
 	    return
 	}
 	$ctext see $match
+	suppress_highlighting_file_for_current_scrollpos
+	highlightfile_for_scrollpos $match
 	set mend "$match + $ml c"
 	$ctext tag add sel $match $mend
 	$ctext mark unset anchor
+	rehighlight_search_results
+    }
+}
+
+proc rehighlight_search_results {} {
+    global ctext searchstring
+
+    $ctext tag remove found 1.0 end
+    $ctext tag remove currentsearchhit 1.0 end
+
+    if {$searchstring ne {}} {
+	searchmarkvisible 1
     }
 }
 
 proc searchmark {first last} {
     global ctext searchstring
 
+    set sel [$ctext tag ranges sel]
+
     set mend $first.0
     while {1} {
 	set match [$ctext search -count mlen -- $searchstring $mend $last.end]
 	if {$match eq {}} break
 	set mend "$match + $mlen c"
-	$ctext tag add found $match $mend
+	if {$sel ne {} && [$ctext compare $match == [lindex $sel 0]]} {
+	    $ctext tag add currentsearchhit $match $mend
+	} else {
+	    $ctext tag add found $match $mend
+	}
     }
 }
 
@@ -8137,8 +8272,23 @@
     }
 }
 
+proc suppress_highlighting_file_for_current_scrollpos {} {
+    global ctext suppress_highlighting_file_for_this_scrollpos
+
+    set suppress_highlighting_file_for_this_scrollpos [$ctext index @0,0]
+}
+
 proc scrolltext {f0 f1} {
-    global searchstring
+    global searchstring cmitmode ctext
+    global suppress_highlighting_file_for_this_scrollpos
+
+    set topidx [$ctext index @0,0]
+    if {![info exists suppress_highlighting_file_for_this_scrollpos]
+	|| $topidx ne $suppress_highlighting_file_for_this_scrollpos} {
+	highlightfile_for_scrollpos $topidx
+    }
+
+    catch {unset suppress_highlighting_file_for_this_scrollpos}
 
     .bleft.bottom.sb set $f0 $f1
     if {$searchstring ne {}} {
@@ -8354,6 +8504,8 @@
 proc linehover {} {
     global hoverx hovery hoverid hovertimer
     global canv linespc lthickness
+    global linehoverbgcolor linehoverfgcolor linehoveroutlinecolor
+
     global commitinfo
 
     set text [lindex $commitinfo($hoverid) 0]
@@ -8367,10 +8519,11 @@
     set x1 [expr {$x + [font measure mainfont $text] + 2 * $lthickness}]
     set y1 [expr {$y + $linespc + 2 * $lthickness}]
     set t [$canv create rectangle $x0 $y0 $x1 $y1 \
-	       -fill \#ffff80 -outline black -width 1 -tags hover]
+	       -fill $linehoverbgcolor -outline $linehoveroutlinecolor \
+	       -width 1 -tags hover]
     $canv raise $t
     set t [$canv create text $x $y -anchor nw -text $text -tags hover \
-	       -font mainfont]
+	       -font mainfont -fill $linehoverfgcolor]
     $canv raise $t
 }
 
@@ -8934,12 +9087,13 @@
 proc redrawtags {id} {
     global canv linehtag idpos currentid curview cmitlisted markedid
     global canvxmax iddrawn circleitem mainheadid circlecolors
+    global mainheadcirclecolor
 
     if {![commitinview $id $curview]} return
     if {![info exists iddrawn($id)]} return
     set row [rowofcommit $id]
     if {$id eq $mainheadid} {
-	set ofill yellow
+	set ofill $mainheadcirclecolor
     } else {
 	set ofill [lindex $circlecolors $cmitlisted($curview,$id)]
     }
@@ -9196,6 +9350,67 @@
     notbusy cherrypick
 }
 
+proc revert {} {
+    global rowmenuid curview
+    global mainhead mainheadid
+    global gitdir
+
+    set oldhead [exec git rev-parse HEAD]
+    set dheads [descheads $rowmenuid]
+    if { $dheads eq {} || [lsearch -exact $dheads $oldhead] == -1 } {
+       set ok [confirm_popup [mc "Commit %s is not\
+           included in branch %s -- really revert it?" \
+                      [string range $rowmenuid 0 7] $mainhead]]
+       if {!$ok} return
+    }
+    nowbusy revert [mc "Reverting"]
+    update
+
+    if [catch {exec git revert --no-edit $rowmenuid} err] {
+        notbusy revert
+        if [regexp {files would be overwritten by merge:(\n(( |\t)+[^\n]+\n)+)}\
+                $err match files] {
+            regsub {\n( |\t)+} $files "\n" files
+            error_popup [mc "Revert failed because of local changes to\
+                the following files:%s Please commit, reset or stash \
+                your changes and try again." $files]
+        } elseif [regexp {error: could not revert} $err] {
+            if [confirm_popup [mc "Revert failed because of merge conflict.\n\
+                Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"]] {
+                # Force citool to read MERGE_MSG
+                file delete [file join $gitdir "GITGUI_MSG"]
+                exec_citool {} $rowmenuid
+            }
+        } else { error_popup $err }
+        run updatecommits
+        return
+    }
+
+    set newhead [exec git rev-parse HEAD]
+    if { $newhead eq $oldhead } {
+        notbusy revert
+        error_popup [mc "No changes committed"]
+        return
+    }
+
+    addnewchild $newhead $oldhead
+
+    if [commitinview $oldhead $curview] {
+        # XXX this isn't right if we have a path limit...
+        insertrow $newhead $oldhead $curview
+        if {$mainhead ne {}} {
+            movehead $newhead $mainhead
+            movedhead $newhead $mainhead
+        }
+        set mainheadid $newhead
+        redrawtags $oldhead
+        redrawtags $newhead
+        selbyid $newhead
+    }
+
+    notbusy revert
+}
+
 proc resethead {} {
     global mainhead rowmenuid confirm_ok resettype NS
 
@@ -10509,13 +10724,13 @@
 # including id itself if it has a head.
 proc descheads {id} {
     global arcnos arcstart arcids archeads idheads cached_dheads
-    global allparents
+    global allparents arcout
 
     if {![info exists allparents($id)]} {
 	return {}
     }
     set aret {}
-    if {[llength $arcnos($id)] == 1 && [llength $allparents($id)] == 1} {
+    if {![info exists arcout($id)]} {
 	# part-way along an arc; check it first
 	set a [lindex $arcnos($id) 0]
 	if {$archeads($a) ne {}} {
@@ -10599,7 +10814,7 @@
 }
 
 proc changedrefs {} {
-    global cached_dheads cached_dtags cached_atags
+    global cached_dheads cached_dtags cached_atags cached_tagcontent
     global arctags archeads arcnos arcout idheads idtags
 
     foreach id [concat [array names idheads] [array names idtags]] {
@@ -10611,6 +10826,7 @@
 	    }
 	}
     }
+    catch {unset cached_tagcontent}
     catch {unset cached_dtags}
     catch {unset cached_atags}
     catch {unset cached_dheads}
@@ -10663,7 +10879,7 @@
 }
 
 proc showtag {tag isnew} {
-    global ctext tagcontents tagids linknum tagobjid
+    global ctext cached_tagcontent tagids linknum tagobjid
 
     if {$isnew} {
 	addtohistory [list showtag $tag 0] savectextpos
@@ -10672,13 +10888,13 @@
     clear_ctext
     settabs 0
     set linknum 0
-    if {![info exists tagcontents($tag)]} {
+    if {![info exists cached_tagcontent($tag)]} {
 	catch {
-           set tagcontents($tag) [exec git cat-file tag $tag]
+           set cached_tagcontent($tag) [exec git cat-file -p $tag]
 	}
     }
-    if {[info exists tagcontents($tag)]} {
-	set text $tagcontents($tag)
+    if {[info exists cached_tagcontent($tag)]} {
+	set text $cached_tagcontent($tag)
     } else {
 	set text "[mc "Tag"]: $tag\n[mc "Id"]:  $tagids($tag)"
     }
@@ -10863,7 +11079,7 @@
 proc prefspage_general {notebook} {
     global NS maxwidth maxgraphpct showneartags showlocalchanges
     global tabstop limitdiffs autoselect autosellen extdifftool perfile_attrs
-    global hideremotes want_ttk have_ttk
+    global hideremotes want_ttk have_ttk maxrefs
 
     set page [create_prefs_page $notebook.general]
 
@@ -10892,9 +11108,12 @@
     ${NS}::label $page.tabstopl -text [mc "Tab spacing"]
     spinbox $page.tabstop -from 1 -to 20 -width 4 -textvariable tabstop
     grid x $page.tabstopl $page.tabstop -sticky w
-    ${NS}::checkbutton $page.ntag -text [mc "Display nearby tags"] \
+    ${NS}::checkbutton $page.ntag -text [mc "Display nearby tags/heads"] \
 	-variable showneartags
     grid x $page.ntag -sticky w
+    ${NS}::label $page.maxrefsl -text [mc "Maximum # tags/heads to show"]
+    spinbox $page.maxrefs -from 1 -to 1000 -width 4 -textvariable maxrefs
+    grid x $page.maxrefsl $page.maxrefs -sticky w
     ${NS}::checkbutton $page.ldiff -text [mc "Limit diffs to listed paths"] \
 	-variable limitdiffs
     grid x $page.ldiff -sticky w
@@ -11532,6 +11751,20 @@
     exit 1
 }
 
+# on OSX bring the current Wish process window to front
+if {[tk windowingsystem] eq "aqua"} {
+    exec osascript -e [format {
+        tell application "System Events"
+            set frontmost of processes whose unix id is %d to true
+        end tell
+    } [pid] ]
+}
+
+# Unset GIT_TRACE var if set
+if { [info exists ::env(GIT_TRACE)] } {
+    unset ::env(GIT_TRACE)
+}
+
 # defaults...
 set wrcomcmd "git diff-tree --stdin -p --pretty"
 
@@ -11614,22 +11847,47 @@
 set colors {green red blue magenta darkgrey brown orange}
 if {[tk windowingsystem] eq "win32"} {
     set uicolor SystemButtonFace
+    set uifgcolor SystemButtonText
+    set uifgdisabledcolor SystemDisabledText
     set bgcolor SystemWindow
-    set fgcolor SystemButtonText
+    set fgcolor SystemWindowText
     set selectbgcolor SystemHighlight
 } else {
     set uicolor grey85
+    set uifgcolor black
+    set uifgdisabledcolor "#999"
     set bgcolor white
     set fgcolor black
     set selectbgcolor gray85
 }
 set diffcolors {red "#00a000" blue}
 set diffcontext 3
+set mergecolors {red blue green purple brown "#009090" magenta "#808000" "#009000" "#ff0080" cyan "#b07070" "#70b0f0" "#70f0b0" "#f0b070" "#ff70b0"}
 set ignorespace 0
 set worddiff ""
 set markbgcolor "#e0e0ff"
 
+set headbgcolor green
+set headfgcolor black
+set headoutlinecolor black
+set remotebgcolor #ffddaa
+set tagbgcolor yellow
+set tagfgcolor black
+set tagoutlinecolor black
+set reflinecolor black
+set filesepbgcolor #aaaaaa
+set filesepfgcolor black
+set linehoverbgcolor #ffff80
+set linehoverfgcolor black
+set linehoveroutlinecolor black
+set mainheadcirclecolor yellow
+set workingfilescirclecolor red
+set indexcirclecolor green
 set circlecolors {white blue gray blue blue}
+set linkfgcolor blue
+set circleoutlinecolor $fgcolor
+set foundbgcolor yellow
+set currentsearchhitbgcolor orange
 
 # button for popping up context menus
 if {[tk windowingsystem] eq "aqua"} {
diff --git a/gitk-git/po/sv.po b/gitk-git/po/sv.po
index 2f07a2e..df95e01 100644
--- a/gitk-git/po/sv.po
+++ b/gitk-git/po/sv.po
@@ -1,40 +1,50 @@
 # Swedish translation for gitk
-# Copyright (C) 2005-2010 Paul Mackerras
+# Copyright (C) 2005-2013 Paul Mackerras
 # This file is distributed under the same license as the gitk package.
 #
-# Peter Krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se>, 2008-2010.
 # Mikael Magnusson <mikachu@gmail.com>, 2008.
+# Peter Krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se>, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2013.
+#
 msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: sv\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2010-09-12 21:14+0100\n"
-"PO-Revision-Date: 2010-09-12 21:16+0100\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2013-05-16 08:06+0100\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2013-05-16 08:12+0100\n"
 "Last-Translator: Peter Krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se>\n"
 "Language-Team: Swedish <tp-sv@listor.tp-sv.se>\n"
+"Language: sv\n"
 "MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
-"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
 
-#: gitk:115
+#: gitk:140
 msgid "Couldn't get list of unmerged files:"
 msgstr "Kunde inte hämta lista över ej sammanslagna filer:"
 
-#: gitk:274
+#: gitk:210 gitk:2334
+msgid "Color words"
+msgstr "Färga ord"
+
+#: gitk:215 gitk:2334 gitk:7977 gitk:8010
+msgid "Markup words"
+msgstr "Märk upp ord"
+
+#: gitk:312
 msgid "Error parsing revisions:"
 msgstr "Fel vid tolkning av revisioner:"
 
-#: gitk:330
+#: gitk:368
 msgid "Error executing --argscmd command:"
 msgstr "Fel vid körning av --argscmd-kommando:"
 
-#: gitk:343
+#: gitk:381
 msgid "No files selected: --merge specified but no files are unmerged."
 msgstr ""
 "Inga filer valdes: --merge angavs men det finns inga filer som inte har "
 "slagits samman."
 
-#: gitk:346
+#: gitk:384
 msgid ""
 "No files selected: --merge specified but no unmerged files are within file "
 "limit."
@@ -42,605 +52,625 @@
 "Inga filer valdes: --merge angavs men det finns inga filer inom "
 "filbegränsningen."
 
-#: gitk:368 gitk:516
+#: gitk:406 gitk:554
 msgid "Error executing git log:"
 msgstr "Fel vid körning av git log:"
 
-#: gitk:386 gitk:532
+#: gitk:424 gitk:570
 msgid "Reading"
 msgstr "Läser"
 
-#: gitk:446 gitk:4271
+#: gitk:484 gitk:4409
 msgid "Reading commits..."
 msgstr "Läser incheckningar..."
 
-#: gitk:449 gitk:1580 gitk:4274
+#: gitk:487 gitk:1625 gitk:4412
 msgid "No commits selected"
 msgstr "Inga incheckningar markerade"
 
-#: gitk:1456
+#: gitk:1499
 msgid "Can't parse git log output:"
 msgstr "Kan inte tolka utdata från git log:"
 
-#: gitk:1676
+#: gitk:1719
 msgid "No commit information available"
 msgstr "Ingen incheckningsinformation är tillgänglig"
 
-#: gitk:1818
+#: gitk:1876
 msgid "mc"
 msgstr "mc"
 
-#: gitk:1853 gitk:4064 gitk:9067 gitk:10607 gitk:10817
+#: gitk:1911 gitk:4202 gitk:9437 gitk:10979 gitk:11258
 msgid "OK"
 msgstr "OK"
 
-#: gitk:1855 gitk:4066 gitk:8657 gitk:8736 gitk:8851 gitk:8900 gitk:9069
-#: gitk:10608 gitk:10818
+#: gitk:1913 gitk:4204 gitk:8964 gitk:9043 gitk:9159 gitk:9208 gitk:9439
+#: gitk:10980 gitk:11259
 msgid "Cancel"
 msgstr "Avbryt"
 
-#: gitk:1980
+#: gitk:2048
 msgid "Update"
 msgstr "Uppdatera"
 
-#: gitk:1981
+#: gitk:2049
 msgid "Reload"
 msgstr "Ladda om"
 
-#: gitk:1982
+#: gitk:2050
 msgid "Reread references"
 msgstr "Läs om referenser"
 
-#: gitk:1983
+#: gitk:2051
 msgid "List references"
 msgstr "Visa referenser"
 
-#: gitk:1985
+#: gitk:2053
 msgid "Start git gui"
 msgstr "Starta git gui"
 
-#: gitk:1987
+#: gitk:2055
 msgid "Quit"
 msgstr "Avsluta"
 
-#: gitk:1979
+#: gitk:2047
 msgid "File"
 msgstr "Arkiv"
 
-#: gitk:1991
+#: gitk:2059
 msgid "Preferences"
 msgstr "Inställningar"
 
-#: gitk:1990
+#: gitk:2058
 msgid "Edit"
 msgstr "Redigera"
 
-#: gitk:1995
+#: gitk:2063
 msgid "New view..."
 msgstr "Ny vy..."
 
-#: gitk:1996
+#: gitk:2064
 msgid "Edit view..."
 msgstr "Ändra vy..."
 
-#: gitk:1997
+#: gitk:2065
 msgid "Delete view"
 msgstr "Ta bort vy"
 
-#: gitk:1999
+#: gitk:2067
 msgid "All files"
 msgstr "Alla filer"
 
-#: gitk:1994 gitk:3817
+#: gitk:2062 gitk:3955
 msgid "View"
 msgstr "Visa"
 
-#: gitk:2004 gitk:2014 gitk:2787
+#: gitk:2072 gitk:2082 gitk:2925
 msgid "About gitk"
 msgstr "Om gitk"
 
-#: gitk:2005 gitk:2019
+#: gitk:2073 gitk:2087
 msgid "Key bindings"
 msgstr "Tangentbordsbindningar"
 
-#: gitk:2003 gitk:2018
+#: gitk:2071 gitk:2086
 msgid "Help"
 msgstr "Hjälp"
 
-#: gitk:2096 gitk:8132
+#: gitk:2164 gitk:8420
 msgid "SHA1 ID:"
 msgstr "SHA1-id:"
 
-#: gitk:2127
+#: gitk:2208
 msgid "Row"
 msgstr "Rad"
 
-#: gitk:2165
+#: gitk:2246
 msgid "Find"
 msgstr "Sök"
 
-#: gitk:2166
+#: gitk:2247
 msgid "next"
 msgstr "nästa"
 
-#: gitk:2167
+#: gitk:2248
 msgid "prev"
 msgstr "föreg"
 
-#: gitk:2168
+#: gitk:2249
 msgid "commit"
 msgstr "incheckning"
 
-#: gitk:2171 gitk:2173 gitk:4432 gitk:4455 gitk:4479 gitk:6420 gitk:6492
-#: gitk:6576
+#: gitk:2252 gitk:2254 gitk:4570 gitk:4593 gitk:4617 gitk:6592 gitk:6664
+#: gitk:6749
 msgid "containing:"
 msgstr "som innehåller:"
 
-#: gitk:2174 gitk:3298 gitk:3303 gitk:4507
+#: gitk:2255 gitk:3437 gitk:3442 gitk:4646
 msgid "touching paths:"
 msgstr "som rör sökväg:"
 
-#: gitk:2175 gitk:4512
+#: gitk:2256 gitk:4660
 msgid "adding/removing string:"
 msgstr "som lägger/till tar bort sträng:"
 
-#: gitk:2184 gitk:2186
+#: gitk:2257 gitk:4662
+msgid "changing lines matching:"
+msgstr "ändrar rader som matchar:"
+
+#: gitk:2266 gitk:2268 gitk:4649
 msgid "Exact"
 msgstr "Exakt"
 
-#: gitk:2186 gitk:4587 gitk:6388
+#: gitk:2268 gitk:4737 gitk:6560
 msgid "IgnCase"
 msgstr "IgnVersaler"
 
-#: gitk:2186 gitk:4481 gitk:4585 gitk:6384
+#: gitk:2268 gitk:4619 gitk:4735 gitk:6556
 msgid "Regexp"
 msgstr "Reg.uttr."
 
-#: gitk:2188 gitk:2189 gitk:4606 gitk:4636 gitk:4643 gitk:6512 gitk:6580
+#: gitk:2270 gitk:2271 gitk:4757 gitk:4787 gitk:4794 gitk:6685 gitk:6753
 msgid "All fields"
 msgstr "Alla fält"
 
-#: gitk:2189 gitk:4604 gitk:4636 gitk:6451
+#: gitk:2271 gitk:4754 gitk:4787 gitk:6623
 msgid "Headline"
 msgstr "Rubrik"
 
-#: gitk:2190 gitk:4604 gitk:6451 gitk:6580 gitk:7013
+#: gitk:2272 gitk:4754 gitk:6623 gitk:6753 gitk:7221
 msgid "Comments"
 msgstr "Kommentarer"
 
-#: gitk:2190 gitk:4604 gitk:4608 gitk:4643 gitk:6451 gitk:6948 gitk:8307
-#: gitk:8322
+#: gitk:2272 gitk:4754 gitk:4759 gitk:4794 gitk:6623 gitk:7156 gitk:8598
+#: gitk:8613
 msgid "Author"
 msgstr "Författare"
 
-#: gitk:2190 gitk:4604 gitk:6451 gitk:6950
+#: gitk:2272 gitk:4754 gitk:6623 gitk:7158
 msgid "Committer"
 msgstr "Incheckare"
 
-#: gitk:2221
+#: gitk:2303
 msgid "Search"
 msgstr "Sök"
 
-#: gitk:2229
+#: gitk:2311
 msgid "Diff"
 msgstr "Diff"
 
-#: gitk:2231
+#: gitk:2313
 msgid "Old version"
 msgstr "Gammal version"
 
-#: gitk:2233
+#: gitk:2315
 msgid "New version"
 msgstr "Ny version"
 
-#: gitk:2235
+#: gitk:2317
 msgid "Lines of context"
 msgstr "Rader sammanhang"
 
-#: gitk:2245
+#: gitk:2327
 msgid "Ignore space change"
 msgstr "Ignorera ändringar i blanksteg"
 
-#: gitk:2304
+#: gitk:2331 gitk:2333 gitk:7735 gitk:7963
+msgid "Line diff"
+msgstr "Rad-diff"
+
+#: gitk:2397
 msgid "Patch"
 msgstr "Patch"
 
-#: gitk:2306
+#: gitk:2399
 msgid "Tree"
 msgstr "Träd"
 
-#: gitk:2463 gitk:2480
+#: gitk:2557 gitk:2577
 msgid "Diff this -> selected"
 msgstr "Diff denna -> markerad"
 
-#: gitk:2464 gitk:2481
+#: gitk:2558 gitk:2578
 msgid "Diff selected -> this"
 msgstr "Diff markerad -> denna"
 
-#: gitk:2465 gitk:2482
+#: gitk:2559 gitk:2579
 msgid "Make patch"
 msgstr "Skapa patch"
 
-#: gitk:2466 gitk:8715
+#: gitk:2560 gitk:9022
 msgid "Create tag"
 msgstr "Skapa tagg"
 
-#: gitk:2467 gitk:8831
+#: gitk:2561 gitk:9139
 msgid "Write commit to file"
 msgstr "Skriv incheckning till fil"
 
-#: gitk:2468 gitk:8888
+#: gitk:2562 gitk:9196
 msgid "Create new branch"
 msgstr "Skapa ny gren"
 
-#: gitk:2469
+#: gitk:2563
 msgid "Cherry-pick this commit"
 msgstr "Plocka denna incheckning"
 
-#: gitk:2470
+#: gitk:2564
 msgid "Reset HEAD branch to here"
 msgstr "Återställ HEAD-grenen hit"
 
-#: gitk:2471
+#: gitk:2565
 msgid "Mark this commit"
 msgstr "Markera denna incheckning"
 
-#: gitk:2472
+#: gitk:2566
 msgid "Return to mark"
 msgstr "Återgå till markering"
 
-#: gitk:2473
+#: gitk:2567
 msgid "Find descendant of this and mark"
 msgstr "Hitta efterföljare till denna och markera"
 
-#: gitk:2474
+#: gitk:2568
 msgid "Compare with marked commit"
 msgstr "Jämför med markerad incheckning"
 
-#: gitk:2488
+#: gitk:2569 gitk:2580
+msgid "Diff this -> marked commit"
+msgstr "Diff denna -> markerad incheckning"
+
+#: gitk:2570 gitk:2581
+msgid "Diff marked commit -> this"
+msgstr "Diff markerad incheckning -> denna"
+
+#: gitk:2571
+msgid "Revert this commit"
+msgstr "Ångra denna incheckning"
+
+#: gitk:2587
 msgid "Check out this branch"
 msgstr "Checka ut denna gren"
 
-#: gitk:2489
+#: gitk:2588
 msgid "Remove this branch"
 msgstr "Ta bort denna gren"
 
-#: gitk:2496
+#: gitk:2595
 msgid "Highlight this too"
 msgstr "Markera även detta"
 
-#: gitk:2497
+#: gitk:2596
 msgid "Highlight this only"
 msgstr "Markera bara detta"
 
-#: gitk:2498
+#: gitk:2597
 msgid "External diff"
 msgstr "Extern diff"
 
-#: gitk:2499
+#: gitk:2598
 msgid "Blame parent commit"
 msgstr "Klandra föräldraincheckning"
 
-#: gitk:2506
+#: gitk:2605
 msgid "Show origin of this line"
 msgstr "Visa ursprunget för den här raden"
 
-#: gitk:2507
+#: gitk:2606
 msgid "Run git gui blame on this line"
 msgstr "Kör git gui blame på den här raden"
 
-#: gitk:2789
+#: gitk:2927
 msgid ""
 "\n"
 "Gitk - a commit viewer for git\n"
 "\n"
-"Copyright ©9 2005-2010 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"Copyright ©9 2005-2011 Paul Mackerras\n"
 "\n"
 "Use and redistribute under the terms of the GNU General Public License"
 msgstr ""
 "\n"
 "Gitk - en incheckningsvisare för git\n"
 "\n"
-"Copyright ©9 2005-2010 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"Copyright ©9 2005-2011 Paul Mackerras\n"
 "\n"
 "Använd och vidareförmedla enligt villkoren i GNU General Public License"
 
-#: gitk:2797 gitk:2862 gitk:9253
+#: gitk:2935 gitk:3000 gitk:9623
 msgid "Close"
 msgstr "Stäng"
 
-#: gitk:2818
+#: gitk:2956
 msgid "Gitk key bindings"
 msgstr "Tangentbordsbindningar för Gitk"
 
-#: gitk:2821
+#: gitk:2959
 msgid "Gitk key bindings:"
 msgstr "Tangentbordsbindningar för Gitk:"
 
-#: gitk:2823
+#: gitk:2961
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Q>\t\tQuit"
 msgstr "<%s-Q>\t\tAvsluta"
 
-#: gitk:2824
+#: gitk:2962
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-W>\t\tClose window"
 msgstr "<%s-W>\t\tStäng fönster"
 
-#: gitk:2825
+#: gitk:2963
 msgid "<Home>\t\tMove to first commit"
 msgstr "<Home>\t\tGå till första incheckning"
 
-#: gitk:2826
+#: gitk:2964
 msgid "<End>\t\tMove to last commit"
 msgstr "<End>\t\tGå till sista incheckning"
 
-#: gitk:2827
-msgid "<Up>, p, i\tMove up one commit"
-msgstr "<Upp>, p, i\tGå en incheckning upp"
+#: gitk:2965
+msgid "<Up>, p, k\tMove up one commit"
+msgstr "<Upp>, p, k\tGå en incheckning upp"
 
-#: gitk:2828
-msgid "<Down>, n, k\tMove down one commit"
-msgstr "<Ned>, n, k\tGå en incheckning ned"
+#: gitk:2966
+msgid "<Down>, n, j\tMove down one commit"
+msgstr "<Ned>, n, j\tGå en incheckning ned"
 
-#: gitk:2829
-msgid "<Left>, z, j\tGo back in history list"
-msgstr "<Vänster>, z, j\tGå bakåt i historiken"
+#: gitk:2967
+msgid "<Left>, z, h\tGo back in history list"
+msgstr "<Vänster>, z, h\tGå bakåt i historiken"
 
-#: gitk:2830
+#: gitk:2968
 msgid "<Right>, x, l\tGo forward in history list"
 msgstr "<Höger>, x, l\tGå framåt i historiken"
 
-#: gitk:2831
+#: gitk:2969
 msgid "<PageUp>\tMove up one page in commit list"
 msgstr "<PageUp>\tGå upp en sida i incheckningslistan"
 
-#: gitk:2832
+#: gitk:2970
 msgid "<PageDown>\tMove down one page in commit list"
 msgstr "<PageDown>\tGå ned en sida i incheckningslistan"
 
-#: gitk:2833
+#: gitk:2971
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Home>\tScroll to top of commit list"
 msgstr "<%s-Home>\tRulla till början av incheckningslistan"
 
-#: gitk:2834
+#: gitk:2972
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-End>\tScroll to bottom of commit list"
 msgstr "<%s-End>\tRulla till slutet av incheckningslistan"
 
-#: gitk:2835
+#: gitk:2973
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Up>\tScroll commit list up one line"
 msgstr "<%s-Upp>\tRulla incheckningslistan upp ett steg"
 
-#: gitk:2836
+#: gitk:2974
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Down>\tScroll commit list down one line"
 msgstr "<%s-Ned>\tRulla incheckningslistan ned ett steg"
 
-#: gitk:2837
+#: gitk:2975
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-PageUp>\tScroll commit list up one page"
 msgstr "<%s-PageUp>\tRulla incheckningslistan upp en sida"
 
-#: gitk:2838
+#: gitk:2976
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-PageDown>\tScroll commit list down one page"
 msgstr "<%s-PageDown>\tRulla incheckningslistan ned en sida"
 
-#: gitk:2839
+#: gitk:2977
 msgid "<Shift-Up>\tFind backwards (upwards, later commits)"
 msgstr "<Skift-Upp>\tSök bakåt (uppåt, senare incheckningar)"
 
-#: gitk:2840
+#: gitk:2978
 msgid "<Shift-Down>\tFind forwards (downwards, earlier commits)"
 msgstr "<Skift-Ned>\tSök framåt (nedåt, tidigare incheckningar)"
 
-#: gitk:2841
+#: gitk:2979
 msgid "<Delete>, b\tScroll diff view up one page"
 msgstr "<Delete>, b\tRulla diffvisningen upp en sida"
 
-#: gitk:2842
+#: gitk:2980
 msgid "<Backspace>\tScroll diff view up one page"
 msgstr "<Baksteg>\tRulla diffvisningen upp en sida"
 
-#: gitk:2843
+#: gitk:2981
 msgid "<Space>\t\tScroll diff view down one page"
 msgstr "<Blanksteg>\tRulla diffvisningen ned en sida"
 
-#: gitk:2844
+#: gitk:2982
 msgid "u\t\tScroll diff view up 18 lines"
 msgstr "u\t\tRulla diffvisningen upp 18 rader"
 
-#: gitk:2845
+#: gitk:2983
 msgid "d\t\tScroll diff view down 18 lines"
 msgstr "d\t\tRulla diffvisningen ned 18 rader"
 
-#: gitk:2846
+#: gitk:2984
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-F>\t\tFind"
 msgstr "<%s-F>\t\tSök"
 
-#: gitk:2847
+#: gitk:2985
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-G>\t\tMove to next find hit"
 msgstr "<%s-G>\t\tGå till nästa sökträff"
 
-#: gitk:2848
+#: gitk:2986
 msgid "<Return>\tMove to next find hit"
 msgstr "<Return>\t\tGå till nästa sökträff"
 
-#: gitk:2849
+#: gitk:2987
 msgid "/\t\tFocus the search box"
 msgstr "/\t\tFokusera sökrutan"
 
-#: gitk:2850
+#: gitk:2988
 msgid "?\t\tMove to previous find hit"
 msgstr "?\t\tGå till föregående sökträff"
 
-#: gitk:2851
+#: gitk:2989
 msgid "f\t\tScroll diff view to next file"
 msgstr "f\t\tRulla diffvisningen till nästa fil"
 
-#: gitk:2852
+#: gitk:2990
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-S>\t\tSearch for next hit in diff view"
 msgstr "<%s-S>\t\tGå till nästa sökträff i diffvisningen"
 
-#: gitk:2853
+#: gitk:2991
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-R>\t\tSearch for previous hit in diff view"
 msgstr "<%s-R>\t\tGå till föregående sökträff i diffvisningen"
 
-#: gitk:2854
+#: gitk:2992
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-KP+>\tIncrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-Num+>\tÖka teckenstorlek"
 
-#: gitk:2855
+#: gitk:2993
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-plus>\tIncrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-plus>\tÖka teckenstorlek"
 
-#: gitk:2856
+#: gitk:2994
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-KP->\tDecrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-Num->\tMinska teckenstorlek"
 
-#: gitk:2857
+#: gitk:2995
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-minus>\tDecrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-minus>\tMinska teckenstorlek"
 
-#: gitk:2858
+#: gitk:2996
 msgid "<F5>\t\tUpdate"
 msgstr "<F5>\t\tUppdatera"
 
-#: gitk:3313 gitk:3322
+#: gitk:3451 gitk:3460
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error creating temporary directory %s:"
 msgstr "Fel vid skapande av temporär katalog %s:"
 
-#: gitk:3335
+#: gitk:3473
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error getting \"%s\" from %s:"
 msgstr "Fel vid hämtning av  \"%s\" från %s:"
 
-#: gitk:3398
+#: gitk:3536
 msgid "command failed:"
 msgstr "kommando misslyckades:"
 
-#: gitk:3547
+#: gitk:3685
 msgid "No such commit"
 msgstr "Incheckning saknas"
 
-#: gitk:3561
+#: gitk:3699
 msgid "git gui blame: command failed:"
 msgstr "git gui blame: kommando misslyckades:"
 
-#: gitk:3592
+#: gitk:3730
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Couldn't read merge head: %s"
 msgstr "Kunde inte läsa sammanslagningshuvud: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3600
+#: gitk:3738
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error reading index: %s"
 msgstr "Fel vid läsning av index: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3625
+#: gitk:3763
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Couldn't start git blame: %s"
 msgstr "Kunde inte starta git blame: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3628 gitk:6419
+#: gitk:3766 gitk:6591
 msgid "Searching"
 msgstr "Söker"
 
-#: gitk:3660
+#: gitk:3798
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error running git blame: %s"
 msgstr "Fel vid körning av git blame: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3688
+#: gitk:3826
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "That line comes from commit %s,  which is not in this view"
 msgstr "Raden kommer från incheckningen %s, som inte finns i denna vy"
 
-#: gitk:3702
+#: gitk:3840
 msgid "External diff viewer failed:"
 msgstr "Externt diff-verktyg misslyckades:"
 
-#: gitk:3820
+#: gitk:3958
 msgid "Gitk view definition"
 msgstr "Definition av Gitk-vy"
 
-#: gitk:3824
+#: gitk:3962
 msgid "Remember this view"
 msgstr "Spara denna vy"
 
-#: gitk:3825
+#: gitk:3963
 msgid "References (space separated list):"
 msgstr "Referenser (blankstegsavdelad lista):"
 
-#: gitk:3826
+#: gitk:3964
 msgid "Branches & tags:"
 msgstr "Grenar & taggar:"
 
-#: gitk:3827
+#: gitk:3965
 msgid "All refs"
 msgstr "Alla referenser"
 
-#: gitk:3828
+#: gitk:3966
 msgid "All (local) branches"
 msgstr "Alla (lokala) grenar"
 
-#: gitk:3829
+#: gitk:3967
 msgid "All tags"
 msgstr "Alla taggar"
 
-#: gitk:3830
+#: gitk:3968
 msgid "All remote-tracking branches"
 msgstr "Alla fjärrspårande grenar"
 
-#: gitk:3831
+#: gitk:3969
 msgid "Commit Info (regular expressions):"
 msgstr "Incheckningsinfo (reguljära uttryck):"
 
-#: gitk:3832
+#: gitk:3970
 msgid "Author:"
 msgstr "Författare:"
 
-#: gitk:3833
+#: gitk:3971
 msgid "Committer:"
 msgstr "Incheckare:"
 
-#: gitk:3834
+#: gitk:3972
 msgid "Commit Message:"
 msgstr "Incheckningsmeddelande:"
 
-#: gitk:3835
+#: gitk:3973
 msgid "Matches all Commit Info criteria"
 msgstr "Motsvarar alla kriterier för incheckningsinfo"
 
-#: gitk:3836
+#: gitk:3974
 msgid "Changes to Files:"
 msgstr "Ändringar av filer:"
 
-#: gitk:3837
+#: gitk:3975
 msgid "Fixed String"
 msgstr "Fast sträng"
 
-#: gitk:3838
+#: gitk:3976
 msgid "Regular Expression"
 msgstr "Reguljärt uttryck"
 
-#: gitk:3839
+#: gitk:3977
 msgid "Search string:"
 msgstr "Söksträng:"
 
-#: gitk:3840
+#: gitk:3978
 msgid ""
 "Commit Dates (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 "
 "15:27:38\"):"
@@ -648,201 +678,201 @@
 "Incheckingsdatum (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 "
 "15:27:38\"):"
 
-#: gitk:3841
+#: gitk:3979
 msgid "Since:"
 msgstr "Från:"
 
-#: gitk:3842
+#: gitk:3980
 msgid "Until:"
 msgstr "Till:"
 
-#: gitk:3843
+#: gitk:3981
 msgid "Limit and/or skip a number of revisions (positive integer):"
 msgstr "Begränsa och/eller hoppa över ett antal revisioner (positivt heltal):"
 
-#: gitk:3844
+#: gitk:3982
 msgid "Number to show:"
 msgstr "Antal att visa:"
 
-#: gitk:3845
+#: gitk:3983
 msgid "Number to skip:"
 msgstr "Antal att hoppa över:"
 
-#: gitk:3846
+#: gitk:3984
 msgid "Miscellaneous options:"
 msgstr "Diverse alternativ:"
 
-#: gitk:3847
+#: gitk:3985
 msgid "Strictly sort by date"
 msgstr "Strikt datumsortering"
 
-#: gitk:3848
+#: gitk:3986
 msgid "Mark branch sides"
 msgstr "Markera sidogrenar"
 
-#: gitk:3849
+#: gitk:3987
 msgid "Limit to first parent"
 msgstr "Begränsa till första förälder"
 
-#: gitk:3850
+#: gitk:3988
 msgid "Simple history"
 msgstr "Enkel historik"
 
-#: gitk:3851
+#: gitk:3989
 msgid "Additional arguments to git log:"
 msgstr "Ytterligare argument till git log:"
 
-#: gitk:3852
+#: gitk:3990
 msgid "Enter files and directories to include, one per line:"
 msgstr "Ange filer och kataloger att ta med, en per rad:"
 
-#: gitk:3853
+#: gitk:3991
 msgid "Command to generate more commits to include:"
 msgstr "Kommando för att generera fler incheckningar att ta med:"
 
-#: gitk:3977
+#: gitk:4115
 msgid "Gitk: edit view"
 msgstr "Gitk: redigera vy"
 
-#: gitk:3985
+#: gitk:4123
 msgid "-- criteria for selecting revisions"
 msgstr " - kriterier för val av revisioner"
 
-#: gitk:3990
+#: gitk:4128
 msgid "View Name"
 msgstr "Namn på vy"
 
-#: gitk:4065
+#: gitk:4203
 msgid "Apply (F5)"
 msgstr "Använd (F5)"
 
-#: gitk:4103
+#: gitk:4241
 msgid "Error in commit selection arguments:"
 msgstr "Fel i argument för val av incheckningar:"
 
-#: gitk:4156 gitk:4208 gitk:4656 gitk:4670 gitk:5931 gitk:11551 gitk:11552
+#: gitk:4294 gitk:4346 gitk:4807 gitk:4821 gitk:6087 gitk:12041 gitk:12042
 msgid "None"
 msgstr "Inget"
 
-#: gitk:4604 gitk:6451 gitk:8309 gitk:8324
-msgid "Date"
-msgstr "Datum"
-
-#: gitk:4604 gitk:6451
-msgid "CDate"
-msgstr "Skapat datum"
-
-#: gitk:4753 gitk:4758
+#: gitk:4904 gitk:4909
 msgid "Descendant"
 msgstr "Avkomling"
 
-#: gitk:4754
+#: gitk:4905
 msgid "Not descendant"
 msgstr "Inte avkomling"
 
-#: gitk:4761 gitk:4766
+#: gitk:4912 gitk:4917
 msgid "Ancestor"
 msgstr "Förfader"
 
-#: gitk:4762
+#: gitk:4913
 msgid "Not ancestor"
 msgstr "Inte förfader"
 
-#: gitk:5052
+#: gitk:5203
 msgid "Local changes checked in to index but not committed"
 msgstr "Lokala ändringar sparade i indexet men inte incheckade"
 
-#: gitk:5088
+#: gitk:5239
 msgid "Local uncommitted changes, not checked in to index"
 msgstr "Lokala ändringar, ej sparade i indexet"
 
-#: gitk:6769
+#: gitk:6971
+msgid "and many more"
+msgstr "med många flera"
+
+#: gitk:6974
 msgid "many"
 msgstr "många"
 
-#: gitk:6952
+#: gitk:7160
 msgid "Tags:"
 msgstr "Taggar:"
 
-#: gitk:6969 gitk:6975 gitk:8302
+#: gitk:7177 gitk:7183 gitk:8593
 msgid "Parent"
 msgstr "Förälder"
 
-#: gitk:6980
+#: gitk:7188
 msgid "Child"
 msgstr "Barn"
 
-#: gitk:6989
+#: gitk:7197
 msgid "Branch"
 msgstr "Gren"
 
-#: gitk:6992
+#: gitk:7200
 msgid "Follows"
 msgstr "Följer"
 
-#: gitk:6995
+#: gitk:7203
 msgid "Precedes"
 msgstr "Föregår"
 
-#: gitk:7532
+#: gitk:7742
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error getting diffs: %s"
 msgstr "Fel vid hämtning av diff: %s"
 
-#: gitk:8130
+#: gitk:8418
 msgid "Goto:"
 msgstr "Gå till:"
 
-#: gitk:8151
+#: gitk:8439
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Short SHA1 id %s is ambiguous"
 msgstr "Förkortat SHA1-id %s är tvetydigt"
 
-#: gitk:8158
+#: gitk:8446
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Revision %s is not known"
 msgstr "Revisionen %s är inte känd"
 
-#: gitk:8168
+#: gitk:8456
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "SHA1 id %s is not known"
 msgstr "SHA-id:t %s är inte känt"
 
-#: gitk:8170
+#: gitk:8458
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Revision %s is not in the current view"
 msgstr "Revisionen %s finns inte i den nuvarande vyn"
 
-#: gitk:8312
+#: gitk:8600 gitk:8615
+msgid "Date"
+msgstr "Datum"
+
+#: gitk:8603
 msgid "Children"
 msgstr "Barn"
 
-#: gitk:8370
+#: gitk:8666
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Reset %s branch to here"
 msgstr "Återställ grenen %s hit"
 
-#: gitk:8372
+#: gitk:8668
 msgid "Detached head: can't reset"
 msgstr "Frånkopplad head: kan inte återställa"
 
-#: gitk:8481 gitk:8487
+#: gitk:8773 gitk:8779
 msgid "Skipping merge commit "
 msgstr "Hoppar över sammanslagningsincheckning "
 
-#: gitk:8496 gitk:8501
+#: gitk:8788 gitk:8793
 msgid "Error getting patch ID for "
 msgstr "Fel vid hämtning av patch-id för "
 
-#: gitk:8497 gitk:8502
+#: gitk:8789 gitk:8794
 msgid " - stopping\n"
 msgstr " - stannar\n"
 
-#: gitk:8507 gitk:8510 gitk:8518 gitk:8532 gitk:8541
+#: gitk:8799 gitk:8802 gitk:8810 gitk:8824 gitk:8833
 msgid "Commit "
 msgstr "Incheckning "
 
-#: gitk:8511
+#: gitk:8803
 msgid ""
 " is the same patch as\n"
 "       "
@@ -850,7 +880,7 @@
 " är samma patch som\n"
 "       "
 
-#: gitk:8519
+#: gitk:8811
 msgid ""
 " differs from\n"
 "       "
@@ -858,7 +888,7 @@
 " skiljer sig från\n"
 "       "
 
-#: gitk:8521
+#: gitk:8813
 msgid ""
 "Diff of commits:\n"
 "\n"
@@ -866,131 +896,131 @@
 "Skillnad mellan incheckningar:\n"
 "\n"
 
-#: gitk:8533 gitk:8542
+#: gitk:8825 gitk:8834
 #, tcl-format
 msgid " has %s children - stopping\n"
 msgstr " har %s barn - stannar\n"
 
-#: gitk:8561
+#: gitk:8853
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error writing commit to file: %s"
 msgstr "Fel vid skrivning av incheckning till fil: %s"
 
-#: gitk:8567
+#: gitk:8859
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error diffing commits: %s"
 msgstr "Fel vid jämförelse av incheckningar: %s"
 
-#: gitk:8598
+#: gitk:8905
 msgid "Top"
 msgstr "Topp"
 
-#: gitk:8599
+#: gitk:8906
 msgid "From"
 msgstr "Från"
 
-#: gitk:8604
+#: gitk:8911
 msgid "To"
 msgstr "Till"
 
-#: gitk:8628
+#: gitk:8935
 msgid "Generate patch"
 msgstr "Generera patch"
 
-#: gitk:8630
+#: gitk:8937
 msgid "From:"
 msgstr "Från:"
 
-#: gitk:8639
+#: gitk:8946
 msgid "To:"
 msgstr "Till:"
 
-#: gitk:8648
+#: gitk:8955
 msgid "Reverse"
 msgstr "Vänd"
 
-#: gitk:8650 gitk:8845
+#: gitk:8957 gitk:9153
 msgid "Output file:"
 msgstr "Utdatafil:"
 
-#: gitk:8656
+#: gitk:8963
 msgid "Generate"
 msgstr "Generera"
 
-#: gitk:8694
+#: gitk:9001
 msgid "Error creating patch:"
 msgstr "Fel vid generering av patch:"
 
-#: gitk:8717 gitk:8833 gitk:8890
+#: gitk:9024 gitk:9141 gitk:9198
 msgid "ID:"
 msgstr "Id:"
 
-#: gitk:8726
+#: gitk:9033
 msgid "Tag name:"
 msgstr "Taggnamn:"
 
-#: gitk:8729
+#: gitk:9036
 msgid "Tag message is optional"
 msgstr "Taggmeddelandet är valfritt"
 
-#: gitk:8731
+#: gitk:9038
 msgid "Tag message:"
 msgstr "Taggmeddelande:"
 
-#: gitk:8735 gitk:8899
+#: gitk:9042 gitk:9207
 msgid "Create"
 msgstr "Skapa"
 
-#: gitk:8753
+#: gitk:9060
 msgid "No tag name specified"
 msgstr "Inget taggnamn angavs"
 
-#: gitk:8757
+#: gitk:9064
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Tag \"%s\" already exists"
 msgstr "Taggen \"%s\" finns redan"
 
-#: gitk:8767
+#: gitk:9074
 msgid "Error creating tag:"
 msgstr "Fel vid skapande av tagg:"
 
-#: gitk:8842
+#: gitk:9150
 msgid "Command:"
 msgstr "Kommando:"
 
-#: gitk:8850
+#: gitk:9158
 msgid "Write"
 msgstr "Skriv"
 
-#: gitk:8868
+#: gitk:9176
 msgid "Error writing commit:"
 msgstr "Fel vid skrivning av incheckning:"
 
-#: gitk:8895
+#: gitk:9203
 msgid "Name:"
 msgstr "Namn:"
 
-#: gitk:8918
+#: gitk:9226
 msgid "Please specify a name for the new branch"
 msgstr "Ange ett namn för den nya grenen"
 
-#: gitk:8923
+#: gitk:9231
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Branch '%s' already exists. Overwrite?"
 msgstr "Grenen \"%s\" finns redan. Skriva över?"
 
-#: gitk:8989
+#: gitk:9298
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Commit %s is already included in branch %s -- really re-apply it?"
 msgstr ""
 "Incheckningen %s finns redan på grenen %s -- skall den verkligen appliceras "
 "på nytt?"
 
-#: gitk:8994
+#: gitk:9303
 msgid "Cherry-picking"
 msgstr "Plockar"
 
-#: gitk:9003
+#: gitk:9312
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
 "Cherry-pick failed because of local changes to file '%s'.\n"
@@ -1000,7 +1030,7 @@
 "Checka in, återställ eller spara undan (stash) dina ändringar och försök "
 "igen."
 
-#: gitk:9009
+#: gitk:9318
 msgid ""
 "Cherry-pick failed because of merge conflict.\n"
 "Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
@@ -1008,32 +1038,59 @@
 "Cherry-pick misslyckades på grund av en sammanslagningskonflikt.\n"
 "Vill du köra git citool för att lösa den?"
 
-#: gitk:9025
+#: gitk:9334 gitk:9392
 msgid "No changes committed"
 msgstr "Inga ändringar incheckade"
 
-#: gitk:9051
+#: gitk:9361
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Commit %s is not included in branch %s -- really revert it?"
+msgstr "Incheckningen %s finns inte på grenen %s -- vill du verkligen ångra?"
+
+#: gitk:9366
+msgid "Reverting"
+msgstr "Ångrar"
+
+#: gitk:9374
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of local changes to the following files:%s Please "
+"commit, reset or stash  your changes and try again."
+msgstr ""
+"Misslyckades med att ångra på grund av lokala ändringar i följande filer:%s. "
+"Checka in, återställ eller spara undan (stash) dina ändringar och försök "
+"igen."
+
+#: gitk:9378
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of merge conflict.\n"
+" Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
+msgstr ""
+"Misslyckades med att ångra på grund av en sammanslagningskonflikt.\n"
+" Vill du köra git citool för att lösa den?"
+
+#: gitk:9421
 msgid "Confirm reset"
 msgstr "Bekräfta återställning"
 
-#: gitk:9053
+#: gitk:9423
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Reset branch %s to %s?"
 msgstr "Återställa grenen %s till %s?"
 
-#: gitk:9055
+#: gitk:9425
 msgid "Reset type:"
 msgstr "Typ av återställning:"
 
-#: gitk:9058
+#: gitk:9428
 msgid "Soft: Leave working tree and index untouched"
 msgstr "Mjuk: Rör inte utcheckning och index"
 
-#: gitk:9061
+#: gitk:9431
 msgid "Mixed: Leave working tree untouched, reset index"
 msgstr "Blandad: Rör inte utcheckning, återställ index"
 
-#: gitk:9064
+#: gitk:9434
 msgid ""
 "Hard: Reset working tree and index\n"
 "(discard ALL local changes)"
@@ -1041,19 +1098,19 @@
 "Hård: Återställ utcheckning och index\n"
 "(förkastar ALLA lokala ändringar)"
 
-#: gitk:9081
+#: gitk:9451
 msgid "Resetting"
 msgstr "Återställer"
 
-#: gitk:9141
+#: gitk:9511
 msgid "Checking out"
 msgstr "Checkar ut"
 
-#: gitk:9194
+#: gitk:9564
 msgid "Cannot delete the currently checked-out branch"
 msgstr "Kan inte ta bort den just nu utcheckade grenen"
 
-#: gitk:9200
+#: gitk:9570
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
 "The commits on branch %s aren't on any other branch.\n"
@@ -1062,16 +1119,16 @@
 "Incheckningarna på grenen %s existerar inte på någon annan gren.\n"
 "Vill du verkligen ta bort grenen %s?"
 
-#: gitk:9231
+#: gitk:9601
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Tags and heads: %s"
 msgstr "Taggar och huvuden: %s"
 
-#: gitk:9246
+#: gitk:9616
 msgid "Filter"
 msgstr "Filter"
 
-#: gitk:9541
+#: gitk:9912
 msgid ""
 "Error reading commit topology information; branch and preceding/following "
 "tag information will be incomplete."
@@ -1079,206 +1136,223 @@
 "Fel vid läsning av information om incheckningstopologi; information om "
 "grenar och föregående/senare taggar kommer inte vara komplett."
 
-#: gitk:10527
+#: gitk:10899
 msgid "Tag"
 msgstr "Tagg"
 
-#: gitk:10527
+#: gitk:10899
 msgid "Id"
 msgstr "Id"
 
-#: gitk:10576
+#: gitk:10948
 msgid "Gitk font chooser"
 msgstr "Teckensnittsväljare för Gitk"
 
-#: gitk:10593
+#: gitk:10965
 msgid "B"
 msgstr "F"
 
-#: gitk:10596
+#: gitk:10968
 msgid "I"
 msgstr "K"
 
-#: gitk:10714
-msgid "Gitk preferences"
-msgstr "Inställningar för Gitk"
-
-#: gitk:10716
+#: gitk:11086
 msgid "Commit list display options"
 msgstr "Alternativ för incheckningslistvy"
 
-#: gitk:10719
+#: gitk:11089
 msgid "Maximum graph width (lines)"
 msgstr "Maximal grafbredd (rader)"
 
-#: gitk:10722
+#: gitk:11092
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Maximum graph width (% of pane)"
 msgstr "Maximal grafbredd (% av ruta)"
 
-#: gitk:10725
+#: gitk:11095
 msgid "Show local changes"
 msgstr "Visa lokala ändringar"
 
-#: gitk:10728
-msgid "Auto-select SHA1"
-msgstr "Välj SHA1 automatiskt"
+#: gitk:11098
+msgid "Auto-select SHA1 (length)"
+msgstr "Välj SHA1 (längd) automatiskt"
 
-#: gitk:10731
+#: gitk:11102
 msgid "Hide remote refs"
 msgstr "Dölj fjärr-referenser"
 
-#: gitk:10735
+#: gitk:11106
 msgid "Diff display options"
 msgstr "Alternativ för diffvy"
 
-#: gitk:10737
+#: gitk:11108
 msgid "Tab spacing"
 msgstr "Blanksteg för tabulatortecken"
 
-#: gitk:10740
-msgid "Display nearby tags"
-msgstr "Visa närliggande taggar"
+#: gitk:11111
+msgid "Display nearby tags/heads"
+msgstr "Visa närliggande taggar/huvuden"
 
-#: gitk:10743
+#: gitk:11114
+msgid "Maximum # tags/heads to show"
+msgstr "Maximalt antal taggar/huvuden att visa"
+
+#: gitk:11117
 msgid "Limit diffs to listed paths"
 msgstr "Begränsa diff till listade sökvägar"
 
-#: gitk:10746
+#: gitk:11120
 msgid "Support per-file encodings"
 msgstr "Stöd för filspecifika teckenkodningar"
 
-#: gitk:10752 gitk:10832
+#: gitk:11126 gitk:11273
 msgid "External diff tool"
 msgstr "Externt diff-verktyg"
 
-#: gitk:10753
+#: gitk:11127
 msgid "Choose..."
 msgstr "Välj..."
 
-#: gitk:10758
+#: gitk:11132
 msgid "General options"
 msgstr "Allmänna inställningar"
 
-#: gitk:10761
+#: gitk:11135
 msgid "Use themed widgets"
 msgstr "Använd tema på fönsterelement"
 
-#: gitk:10763
+#: gitk:11137
 msgid "(change requires restart)"
 msgstr "(ändringen kräver omstart)"
 
-#: gitk:10765
+#: gitk:11139
 msgid "(currently unavailable)"
 msgstr "(för närvarande inte tillgängligt)"
 
-#: gitk:10769
+#: gitk:11150
 msgid "Colors: press to choose"
 msgstr "Färger: tryck för att välja"
 
-#: gitk:10772
+#: gitk:11153
 msgid "Interface"
 msgstr "Gränssnitt"
 
-#: gitk:10773
+#: gitk:11154
 msgid "interface"
 msgstr "gränssnitt"
 
-#: gitk:10776
+#: gitk:11157
 msgid "Background"
 msgstr "Bakgrund"
 
-#: gitk:10777 gitk:10807
+#: gitk:11158 gitk:11188
 msgid "background"
 msgstr "bakgrund"
 
-#: gitk:10780
+#: gitk:11161
 msgid "Foreground"
 msgstr "Förgrund"
 
-#: gitk:10781
+#: gitk:11162
 msgid "foreground"
 msgstr "förgrund"
 
-#: gitk:10784
+#: gitk:11165
 msgid "Diff: old lines"
 msgstr "Diff: gamla rader"
 
-#: gitk:10785
+#: gitk:11166
 msgid "diff old lines"
 msgstr "diff gamla rader"
 
-#: gitk:10789
+#: gitk:11170
 msgid "Diff: new lines"
 msgstr "Diff: nya rader"
 
-#: gitk:10790
+#: gitk:11171
 msgid "diff new lines"
 msgstr "diff nya rader"
 
-#: gitk:10794
+#: gitk:11175
 msgid "Diff: hunk header"
 msgstr "Diff: delhuvud"
 
-#: gitk:10796
+#: gitk:11177
 msgid "diff hunk header"
 msgstr "diff delhuvud"
 
-#: gitk:10800
+#: gitk:11181
 msgid "Marked line bg"
 msgstr "Markerad rad bakgrund"
 
-#: gitk:10802
+#: gitk:11183
 msgid "marked line background"
 msgstr "markerad rad bakgrund"
 
-#: gitk:10806
+#: gitk:11187
 msgid "Select bg"
 msgstr "Markerad bakgrund"
 
-#: gitk:10810
+#: gitk:11196
 msgid "Fonts: press to choose"
 msgstr "Teckensnitt: tryck för att välja"
 
-#: gitk:10812
+#: gitk:11198
 msgid "Main font"
 msgstr "Huvudteckensnitt"
 
-#: gitk:10813
+#: gitk:11199
 msgid "Diff display font"
 msgstr "Teckensnitt för diffvisning"
 
-#: gitk:10814
+#: gitk:11200
 msgid "User interface font"
 msgstr "Teckensnitt för användargränssnitt"
 
-#: gitk:10842
+#: gitk:11222
+msgid "Gitk preferences"
+msgstr "Inställningar för Gitk"
+
+#: gitk:11231
+msgid "General"
+msgstr "Allmänt"
+
+#: gitk:11232
+msgid "Colors"
+msgstr "Färger"
+
+#: gitk:11233
+msgid "Fonts"
+msgstr "Teckensnitt"
+
+#: gitk:11283
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Gitk: choose color for %s"
 msgstr "Gitk: välj färg för %s"
 
-#: gitk:11445
+#: gitk:11937
 msgid "Cannot find a git repository here."
 msgstr "Hittar inget git-arkiv här."
 
-#: gitk:11449
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "Cannot find the git directory \"%s\"."
-msgstr "Hittar inte git-katalogen \"%s\"."
-
-#: gitk:11496
+#: gitk:11984
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Ambiguous argument '%s': both revision and filename"
 msgstr "Tvetydigt argument \"%s\": både revision och filnamn"
 
-#: gitk:11508
+#: gitk:11996
 msgid "Bad arguments to gitk:"
 msgstr "Felaktiga argument till gitk:"
 
-#: gitk:11604
+#: gitk:12099
 msgid "Command line"
 msgstr "Kommandorad"
 
+#~ msgid "CDate"
+#~ msgstr "Skapat datum"
+
+#~ msgid "Cannot find the git directory \"%s\"."
+#~ msgstr "Hittar inte git-katalogen \"%s\"."
+
 #~ msgid "SHA1 ID: "
 #~ msgstr "SHA1-id: "
 
diff --git a/gitweb/INSTALL b/gitweb/INSTALL
index 6d45406..408f285 100644
--- a/gitweb/INSTALL
+++ b/gitweb/INSTALL
@@ -243,14 +243,11 @@
   GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM build configuration variable, and override it
   through the GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM environment variable.
 
-  Note that if per-instance configuration file exists, then system-wide
-  configuration is _not used at all_.  This is quite untypical and suprising
-  behavior.  On the other hand changing current behavior would break backwards
-  compatibility and can lead to unexpected changes in gitweb behavior.
-  Therefore gitweb also looks for common system-wide configuration file,
-  normally /etc/gitweb-common.conf (set during build time using build time
-  configuration variable GITWEB_CONFIG_COMMON, set it at runtime using
-  environment variable with the same name).  Settings from per-instance or
+  Note that the GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM system-wide configuration file is
+  only used for instances that lack per-instance configuration file.
+  You can use GITWEB_CONFIG_COMMON common system-wide configuration
+  file (normally /etc/gitweb-common.conf) to keep common default
+  settings that apply to all instances.  Settings from per-instance or
   system-wide configuration file override those from common system-wide
   configuration file.
 
diff --git a/gitweb/README b/gitweb/README
index 6da4778..471dcfb 100644
--- a/gitweb/README
+++ b/gitweb/README
@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
 GIT web Interface
 =================
 
-The one working on:
-  http://git.kernel.org/
-
 From the git version 1.4.0 gitweb is bundled with git.
 
 
diff --git a/gitweb/gitweb.perl b/gitweb/gitweb.perl
index 55e0e9e..8d69ada 100755
--- a/gitweb/gitweb.perl
+++ b/gitweb/gitweb.perl
@@ -54,6 +54,11 @@
 	# to build the base URL ourselves:
 	our $path_info = decode_utf8($ENV{"PATH_INFO"});
 	if ($path_info) {
+		# $path_info has already been URL-decoded by the web server, but
+		# $my_url and $my_uri have not. URL-decode them so we can properly
+		# strip $path_info.
+		$my_url = unescape($my_url);
+		$my_uri = unescape($my_uri);
 		if ($my_url =~ s,\Q$path_info\E$,, &&
 		    $my_uri =~ s,\Q$path_info\E$,, &&
 		    defined $ENV{'SCRIPT_NAME'}) {
@@ -265,16 +270,15 @@
 our %highlight_ext = (
 	# main extensions, defining name of syntax;
 	# see files in /usr/share/highlight/langDefs/ directory
-	map { $_ => $_ }
-		qw(py c cpp rb java css php sh pl js tex bib xml awk bat ini spec tcl sql make),
+	(map { $_ => $_ } qw(py rb java css js tex bib xml awk bat ini spec tcl sql)),
 	# alternate extensions, see /etc/highlight/filetypes.conf
-	'h' => 'c',
-	map { $_ => 'sh'  } qw(bash zsh ksh),
-	map { $_ => 'cpp' } qw(cxx c++ cc),
-	map { $_ => 'php' } qw(php3 php4 php5 phps),
-	map { $_ => 'pl'  } qw(perl pm), # perhaps also 'cgi'
-	map { $_ => 'make'} qw(mak mk),
-	map { $_ => 'xml' } qw(xhtml html htm),
+	(map { $_ => 'c'   } qw(c h)),
+	(map { $_ => 'sh'  } qw(sh bash zsh ksh)),
+	(map { $_ => 'cpp' } qw(cpp cxx c++ cc)),
+	(map { $_ => 'php' } qw(php php3 php4 php5 phps)),
+	(map { $_ => 'pl'  } qw(pl perl pm)), # perhaps also 'cgi'
+	(map { $_ => 'make'} qw(make mak mk)),
+	(map { $_ => 'xml' } qw(xml xhtml html htm)),
 );
 
 # You define site-wide feature defaults here; override them with
@@ -536,7 +540,7 @@
 	# $feature{'remote_heads'}{'default'} = [1];
 	# To have project specific config enable override in $GITWEB_CONFIG
 	# $feature{'remote_heads'}{'override'} = 1;
-	# and in project config gitweb.remote_heads = 0|1;
+	# and in project config gitweb.remoteheads = 0|1;
 	'remote_heads' => {
 		'sub' => sub { feature_bool('remote_heads', @_) },
 		'override' => 0,
@@ -679,7 +683,7 @@
 	our $GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM = $ENV{'GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM'} || "++GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM++";
 	our $GITWEB_CONFIG_COMMON = $ENV{'GITWEB_CONFIG_COMMON'} || "++GITWEB_CONFIG_COMMON++";
 
-	# Protect agains duplications of file names, to not read config twice.
+	# Protect against duplications of file names, to not read config twice.
 	# Only one of $GITWEB_CONFIG and $GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM is used, so
 	# there possibility of duplication of filename there doesn't matter.
 	$GITWEB_CONFIG = ""        if ($GITWEB_CONFIG eq $GITWEB_CONFIG_COMMON);
@@ -1082,7 +1086,7 @@
 	our $search_use_regexp = $input_params{'search_use_regexp'};
 
 	our $searchtext = $input_params{'searchtext'};
-	our $search_regexp;
+	our $search_regexp = undef;
 	if (defined $searchtext) {
 		if (length($searchtext) < 2) {
 			die_error(403, "At least two characters are required for search parameter");
@@ -1132,7 +1136,7 @@
 
 	# to avoid infinite loop where error occurs in die_error,
 	# change handler to default handler, disabling handle_errors_html
-	set_message("Error occured when inside die_error:\n$msg");
+	set_message("Error occurred when inside die_error:\n$msg");
 
 	# you cannot jump out of die_error when called as error handler;
 	# the subroutine set via CGI::Carp::set_message is called _after_
@@ -1552,7 +1556,7 @@
 	return undef unless defined $str;
 
 	$str = to_utf8($str);
-	$str =~ s|([[:cntrl:]])|($1 =~ /[\t\n\r]/ ? $1 : quot_cec($1))|eg;
+	$str =~ s|([[:cntrl:]])|(index("\t\n\r", $1) != -1 ? $1 : quot_cec($1))|eg;
 	return $str;
 }
 
@@ -2064,7 +2068,7 @@
 	if (!$avatar_cache{$email}) {
 		my ($user, $domain) = split('@', $email);
 		$avatar_cache{$email} =
-			"http://www.cs.indiana.edu/cgi-pub/kinzler/piconsearch.cgi/" .
+			"//www.cs.indiana.edu/cgi-pub/kinzler/piconsearch.cgi/" .
 			"$domain/$user/" .
 			"users+domains+unknown/up/single";
 	}
@@ -2079,7 +2083,7 @@
 	my $email = lc shift;
 	my $size = shift;
 	$avatar_cache{$email} ||=
-		"http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/" .
+		"//www.gravatar.com/avatar/" .
 			Digest::MD5::md5_hex($email) . "?s=";
 	return $avatar_cache{$email} . $size;
 }
@@ -2692,12 +2696,15 @@
 	# only subsection, if exists, is case sensitive,
 	# and not lowercased by 'git config -z -l'
 	if (my ($hi, $mi, $lo) = ($key =~ /^([^.]*)\.(.*)\.([^.]*)$/)) {
+		$lo =~ s/_//g;
 		$key = join(".", lc($hi), $mi, lc($lo));
+		return if ($lo =~ /\W/ || $hi =~ /\W/);
 	} else {
 		$key = lc($key);
+		$key =~ s/_//g;
+		return if ($key =~ /\W/);
 	}
 	$key =~ s/^gitweb\.//;
-	return if ($key =~ m/\W/);
 
 	# type sanity check
 	if (defined $type) {
@@ -4484,30 +4491,33 @@
 	}
 
 	# print log
-	my $signoff = 0;
-	my $empty = 0;
+	my $skip_blank_line = 0;
 	foreach my $line (@$log) {
-		if ($line =~ m/^ *(signed[ \-]off[ \-]by[ :]|acked[ \-]by[ :]|cc[ :])/i) {
-			$signoff = 1;
-			$empty = 0;
+		if ($line =~ m/^\s*([A-Z][-A-Za-z]*-[Bb]y|C[Cc]): /) {
 			if (! $opts{'-remove_signoff'}) {
 				print "<span class=\"signoff\">" . esc_html($line) . "</span><br/>\n";
-				next;
-			} else {
-				# remove signoff lines
-				next;
+				$skip_blank_line = 1;
 			}
-		} else {
-			$signoff = 0;
+			next;
+		}
+
+		if ($line =~ m,\s*([a-z]*link): (https?://\S+),i) {
+			if (! $opts{'-remove_signoff'}) {
+				print "<span class=\"signoff\">" . esc_html($1) . ": " .
+					"<a href=\"" . esc_html($2) . "\">" . esc_html($2) . "</a>" .
+					"</span><br/>\n";
+				$skip_blank_line = 1;
+			}
+			next;
 		}
 
 		# print only one empty line
 		# do not print empty line after signoff
 		if ($line eq "") {
-			next if ($empty || $signoff);
-			$empty = 1;
+			next if ($skip_blank_line);
+			$skip_blank_line = 1;
 		} else {
-			$empty = 0;
+			$skip_blank_line = 0;
 		}
 
 		print format_log_line_html($line) . "<br/>\n";
@@ -4515,7 +4525,7 @@
 
 	if ($opts{'-final_empty_line'}) {
 		# end with single empty line
-		print "<br/>\n" unless $empty;
+		print "<br/>\n" unless $skip_blank_line;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -5518,23 +5528,30 @@
 
 sub sort_projects_list {
 	my ($projlist, $order) = @_;
-	my @projects;
 
-	my %order_info = (
-		project => { key => 'path', type => 'str' },
-		descr => { key => 'descr_long', type => 'str' },
-		owner => { key => 'owner', type => 'str' },
-		age => { key => 'age', type => 'num' }
-	);
-	my $oi = $order_info{$order};
-	return @$projlist unless defined $oi;
-	if ($oi->{'type'} eq 'str') {
-		@projects = sort {$a->{$oi->{'key'}} cmp $b->{$oi->{'key'}}} @$projlist;
-	} else {
-		@projects = sort {$a->{$oi->{'key'}} <=> $b->{$oi->{'key'}}} @$projlist;
+	sub order_str {
+		my $key = shift;
+		return sub { $a->{$key} cmp $b->{$key} };
 	}
 
-	return @projects;
+	sub order_num_then_undef {
+		my $key = shift;
+		return sub {
+			defined $a->{$key} ?
+				(defined $b->{$key} ? $a->{$key} <=> $b->{$key} : -1) :
+				(defined $b->{$key} ? 1 : 0)
+		};
+	}
+
+	my %orderings = (
+		project => order_str('path'),
+		descr => order_str('descr_long'),
+		owner => order_str('owner'),
+		age => order_num_then_undef('age'),
+	);
+
+	my $ordering = $orderings{$order};
+	return defined $ordering ? sort $ordering @$projlist : @$projlist;
 }
 
 # returns a hash of categories, containing the list of project
@@ -7468,7 +7485,7 @@
 		system(git_cmd(), "cat-file", '-e', $hash_base) == 0
 			or die_error(404, "Base object does not exist");
 
-		# here errors should not hapen
+		# here errors should not happen
 		open my $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "ls-tree", $hash_base, "--", $file_name
 			or die_error(500, "Open git-ls-tree failed");
 		my $line = <$fd>;
@@ -8020,7 +8037,7 @@
 		%latest_commit = %{$commitlist[0]};
 		my $latest_epoch = $latest_commit{'committer_epoch'};
 		exit_if_unmodified_since($latest_epoch);
-		%latest_date = parse_date($latest_epoch, $latest_commit{'comitter_tz'});
+		%latest_date = parse_date($latest_epoch, $latest_commit{'committer_tz'});
 	}
 	print $cgi->header(
 		-type => $content_type,
@@ -8047,6 +8064,7 @@
 		$feed_type = 'history';
 	}
 	$title .= " $feed_type";
+	$title = esc_html($title);
 	my $descr = git_get_project_description($project);
 	if (defined $descr) {
 		$descr = esc_html($descr);
diff --git a/gpg-interface.c b/gpg-interface.c
index 0863c61..8b0e874 100644
--- a/gpg-interface.c
+++ b/gpg-interface.c
@@ -96,45 +96,59 @@
 /*
  * Run "gpg" to see if the payload matches the detached signature.
  * gpg_output, when set, receives the diagnostic output from GPG.
+ * gpg_status, when set, receives the status output from GPG.
  */
 int verify_signed_buffer(const char *payload, size_t payload_size,
 			 const char *signature, size_t signature_size,
-			 struct strbuf *gpg_output)
+			 struct strbuf *gpg_output, struct strbuf *gpg_status)
 {
 	struct child_process gpg;
-	const char *args_gpg[] = {NULL, "--verify", "FILE", "-", NULL};
+	const char *args_gpg[] = {NULL, "--status-fd=1", "--verify", "FILE", "-", NULL};
 	char path[PATH_MAX];
 	int fd, ret;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf *pbuf = &buf;
 
 	args_gpg[0] = gpg_program;
 	fd = git_mkstemp(path, PATH_MAX, ".git_vtag_tmpXXXXXX");
 	if (fd < 0)
-		return error("could not create temporary file '%s': %s",
+		return error(_("could not create temporary file '%s': %s"),
 			     path, strerror(errno));
 	if (write_in_full(fd, signature, signature_size) < 0)
-		return error("failed writing detached signature to '%s': %s",
+		return error(_("failed writing detached signature to '%s': %s"),
 			     path, strerror(errno));
 	close(fd);
 
 	memset(&gpg, 0, sizeof(gpg));
 	gpg.argv = args_gpg;
 	gpg.in = -1;
+	gpg.out = -1;
 	if (gpg_output)
 		gpg.err = -1;
-	args_gpg[2] = path;
+	args_gpg[3] = path;
 	if (start_command(&gpg)) {
 		unlink(path);
-		return error("could not run gpg.");
+		return error(_("could not run gpg."));
 	}
 
 	write_in_full(gpg.in, payload, payload_size);
 	close(gpg.in);
 
-	if (gpg_output)
+	if (gpg_output) {
 		strbuf_read(gpg_output, gpg.err, 0);
+		close(gpg.err);
+	}
+	if (gpg_status)
+		pbuf = gpg_status;
+	strbuf_read(pbuf, gpg.out, 0);
+	close(gpg.out);
+
 	ret = finish_command(&gpg);
 
 	unlink_or_warn(path);
 
+	ret |= !strstr(pbuf->buf, "\n[GNUPG:] GOODSIG ");
+	strbuf_release(&buf); /* no matter it was used or not */
+
 	return ret;
 }
diff --git a/gpg-interface.h b/gpg-interface.h
index b9c3608..a85cb5b 100644
--- a/gpg-interface.h
+++ b/gpg-interface.h
@@ -1,8 +1,20 @@
 #ifndef GPG_INTERFACE_H
 #define GPG_INTERFACE_H
 
+struct signature_check {
+	char *gpg_output;
+	char *gpg_status;
+	char result; /* 0 (not checked),
+		      * N (checked but no further result),
+		      * U (untrusted good),
+		      * G (good)
+		      * B (bad) */
+	char *signer;
+	char *key;
+};
+
 extern int sign_buffer(struct strbuf *buffer, struct strbuf *signature, const char *signing_key);
-extern int verify_signed_buffer(const char *payload, size_t payload_size, const char *signature, size_t signature_size, struct strbuf *gpg_output);
+extern int verify_signed_buffer(const char *payload, size_t payload_size, const char *signature, size_t signature_size, struct strbuf *gpg_output, struct strbuf *gpg_status);
 extern int git_gpg_config(const char *, const char *, void *);
 extern void set_signing_key(const char *);
 extern const char *get_signing_key(void);
diff --git a/graph.c b/graph.c
index 7e0a099..b24d04c 100644
--- a/graph.c
+++ b/graph.c
@@ -1199,7 +1199,17 @@
 	if (!graph)
 		return;
 
-	while (!shown_commit_line) {
+	/*
+	 * When showing a diff of a merge against each of its parents, we
+	 * are called once for each parent without graph_update having been
+	 * called.  In this case, simply output a single padding line.
+	 */
+	if (graph_is_commit_finished(graph)) {
+		graph_show_padding(graph);
+		shown_commit_line = 1;
+	}
+
+	while (!shown_commit_line && !graph_is_commit_finished(graph)) {
 		shown_commit_line = graph_next_line(graph, &msgbuf);
 		fwrite(msgbuf.buf, sizeof(char), msgbuf.len, stdout);
 		if (!shown_commit_line)
diff --git a/graph.h b/graph.h
index aff960c..0be62bd 100644
--- a/graph.h
+++ b/graph.h
@@ -18,6 +18,9 @@
  * The 'colors_max' argument is the index of the last "reset" entry.
  *
  * This functions must be called BEFORE graph_init() is called.
+ *
+ * NOTE: This function isn't used in Git outside graph.c but it is used
+ * by CGit (http://git.zx2c4.com/cgit/) to use HTML for colors.
  */
 void graph_set_column_colors(const char **colors, unsigned short colors_max);
 
@@ -57,6 +60,9 @@
  * Returns 1 if the line includes the current commit, and 0 otherwise.
  * graph_next_line() will return 1 exactly once for each time
  * graph_update() is called.
+ *
+ * NOTE: This function isn't used in Git outside graph.c but it is used
+ * by CGit (http://git.zx2c4.com/cgit/) to wrap HTML around graph lines.
  */
 int graph_next_line(struct git_graph *graph, struct strbuf *sb);
 
diff --git a/grep.c b/grep.c
index 04e3ec6..bb548ca 100644
--- a/grep.c
+++ b/grep.c
@@ -3,6 +3,187 @@
 #include "userdiff.h"
 #include "xdiff-interface.h"
 
+static int grep_source_load(struct grep_source *gs);
+static int grep_source_is_binary(struct grep_source *gs);
+
+static struct grep_opt grep_defaults;
+
+/*
+ * Initialize the grep_defaults template with hardcoded defaults.
+ * We could let the compiler do this, but without C99 initializers
+ * the code gets unwieldy and unreadable, so...
+ */
+void init_grep_defaults(void)
+{
+	struct grep_opt *opt = &grep_defaults;
+	static int run_once;
+
+	if (run_once)
+		return;
+	run_once++;
+
+	memset(opt, 0, sizeof(*opt));
+	opt->relative = 1;
+	opt->pathname = 1;
+	opt->regflags = REG_NEWLINE;
+	opt->max_depth = -1;
+	opt->pattern_type_option = GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED;
+	opt->extended_regexp_option = 0;
+	strcpy(opt->color_context, "");
+	strcpy(opt->color_filename, "");
+	strcpy(opt->color_function, "");
+	strcpy(opt->color_lineno, "");
+	strcpy(opt->color_match, GIT_COLOR_BOLD_RED);
+	strcpy(opt->color_selected, "");
+	strcpy(opt->color_sep, GIT_COLOR_CYAN);
+	opt->color = -1;
+}
+
+static int parse_pattern_type_arg(const char *opt, const char *arg)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(arg, "default"))
+		return GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "basic"))
+		return GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_BRE;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "extended"))
+		return GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_ERE;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "fixed"))
+		return GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_FIXED;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "perl"))
+		return GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_PCRE;
+	die("bad %s argument: %s", opt, arg);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Read the configuration file once and store it in
+ * the grep_defaults template.
+ */
+int grep_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	struct grep_opt *opt = &grep_defaults;
+	char *color = NULL;
+
+	if (userdiff_config(var, value) < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "grep.extendedregexp")) {
+		if (git_config_bool(var, value))
+			opt->extended_regexp_option = 1;
+		else
+			opt->extended_regexp_option = 0;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "grep.patterntype")) {
+		opt->pattern_type_option = parse_pattern_type_arg(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "grep.linenumber")) {
+		opt->linenum = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep"))
+		opt->color = git_config_colorbool(var, value);
+	else if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep.context"))
+		color = opt->color_context;
+	else if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep.filename"))
+		color = opt->color_filename;
+	else if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep.function"))
+		color = opt->color_function;
+	else if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep.linenumber"))
+		color = opt->color_lineno;
+	else if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep.match"))
+		color = opt->color_match;
+	else if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep.selected"))
+		color = opt->color_selected;
+	else if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep.separator"))
+		color = opt->color_sep;
+
+	if (color) {
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+		color_parse(value, var, color);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Initialize one instance of grep_opt and copy the
+ * default values from the template we read the configuration
+ * information in an earlier call to git_config(grep_config).
+ */
+void grep_init(struct grep_opt *opt, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct grep_opt *def = &grep_defaults;
+
+	memset(opt, 0, sizeof(*opt));
+	opt->prefix = prefix;
+	opt->prefix_length = (prefix && *prefix) ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
+	opt->pattern_tail = &opt->pattern_list;
+	opt->header_tail = &opt->header_list;
+
+	opt->color = def->color;
+	opt->extended_regexp_option = def->extended_regexp_option;
+	opt->pattern_type_option = def->pattern_type_option;
+	opt->linenum = def->linenum;
+	opt->max_depth = def->max_depth;
+	opt->pathname = def->pathname;
+	opt->regflags = def->regflags;
+	opt->relative = def->relative;
+
+	strcpy(opt->color_context, def->color_context);
+	strcpy(opt->color_filename, def->color_filename);
+	strcpy(opt->color_function, def->color_function);
+	strcpy(opt->color_lineno, def->color_lineno);
+	strcpy(opt->color_match, def->color_match);
+	strcpy(opt->color_selected, def->color_selected);
+	strcpy(opt->color_sep, def->color_sep);
+}
+
+void grep_commit_pattern_type(enum grep_pattern_type pattern_type, struct grep_opt *opt)
+{
+	if (pattern_type != GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED)
+		grep_set_pattern_type_option(pattern_type, opt);
+	else if (opt->pattern_type_option != GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED)
+		grep_set_pattern_type_option(opt->pattern_type_option, opt);
+	else if (opt->extended_regexp_option)
+		grep_set_pattern_type_option(GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_ERE, opt);
+}
+
+void grep_set_pattern_type_option(enum grep_pattern_type pattern_type, struct grep_opt *opt)
+{
+	switch (pattern_type) {
+	case GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED:
+		/* fall through */
+
+	case GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_BRE:
+		opt->fixed = 0;
+		opt->pcre = 0;
+		opt->regflags &= ~REG_EXTENDED;
+		break;
+
+	case GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_ERE:
+		opt->fixed = 0;
+		opt->pcre = 0;
+		opt->regflags |= REG_EXTENDED;
+		break;
+
+	case GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_FIXED:
+		opt->fixed = 1;
+		opt->pcre = 0;
+		opt->regflags &= ~REG_EXTENDED;
+		break;
+
+	case GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_PCRE:
+		opt->fixed = 0;
+		opt->pcre = 1;
+		opt->regflags &= ~REG_EXTENDED;
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
 static struct grep_pat *create_grep_pat(const char *pat, size_t patlen,
 					const char *origin, int no,
 					enum grep_pat_token t,
@@ -60,6 +241,8 @@
 {
 	struct grep_pat *p = create_grep_pat(pat, strlen(pat), "header", 0,
 					     GREP_PATTERN_HEAD, field);
+	if (field == GREP_HEADER_REFLOG)
+		opt->use_reflog_filter = 1;
 	do_append_grep_pat(&opt->header_tail, p);
 }
 
@@ -332,6 +515,87 @@
 	return compile_pattern_or(list);
 }
 
+static void indent(int in)
+{
+	while (in-- > 0)
+		fputc(' ', stderr);
+}
+
+static void dump_grep_pat(struct grep_pat *p)
+{
+	switch (p->token) {
+	case GREP_AND: fprintf(stderr, "*and*"); break;
+	case GREP_OPEN_PAREN: fprintf(stderr, "*(*"); break;
+	case GREP_CLOSE_PAREN: fprintf(stderr, "*)*"); break;
+	case GREP_NOT: fprintf(stderr, "*not*"); break;
+	case GREP_OR: fprintf(stderr, "*or*"); break;
+
+	case GREP_PATTERN: fprintf(stderr, "pattern"); break;
+	case GREP_PATTERN_HEAD: fprintf(stderr, "pattern_head"); break;
+	case GREP_PATTERN_BODY: fprintf(stderr, "pattern_body"); break;
+	}
+
+	switch (p->token) {
+	default: break;
+	case GREP_PATTERN_HEAD:
+		fprintf(stderr, "<head %d>", p->field); break;
+	case GREP_PATTERN_BODY:
+		fprintf(stderr, "<body>"); break;
+	}
+	switch (p->token) {
+	default: break;
+	case GREP_PATTERN_HEAD:
+	case GREP_PATTERN_BODY:
+	case GREP_PATTERN:
+		fprintf(stderr, "%.*s", (int)p->patternlen, p->pattern);
+		break;
+	}
+	fputc('\n', stderr);
+}
+
+static void dump_grep_expression_1(struct grep_expr *x, int in)
+{
+	indent(in);
+	switch (x->node) {
+	case GREP_NODE_TRUE:
+		fprintf(stderr, "true\n");
+		break;
+	case GREP_NODE_ATOM:
+		dump_grep_pat(x->u.atom);
+		break;
+	case GREP_NODE_NOT:
+		fprintf(stderr, "(not\n");
+		dump_grep_expression_1(x->u.unary, in+1);
+		indent(in);
+		fprintf(stderr, ")\n");
+		break;
+	case GREP_NODE_AND:
+		fprintf(stderr, "(and\n");
+		dump_grep_expression_1(x->u.binary.left, in+1);
+		dump_grep_expression_1(x->u.binary.right, in+1);
+		indent(in);
+		fprintf(stderr, ")\n");
+		break;
+	case GREP_NODE_OR:
+		fprintf(stderr, "(or\n");
+		dump_grep_expression_1(x->u.binary.left, in+1);
+		dump_grep_expression_1(x->u.binary.right, in+1);
+		indent(in);
+		fprintf(stderr, ")\n");
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+static void dump_grep_expression(struct grep_opt *opt)
+{
+	struct grep_expr *x = opt->pattern_expression;
+
+	if (opt->all_match)
+		fprintf(stderr, "[all-match]\n");
+	dump_grep_expression_1(x, 0);
+	fflush(NULL);
+}
+
 static struct grep_expr *grep_true_expr(void)
 {
 	struct grep_expr *z = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*z));
@@ -361,7 +625,8 @@
 	for (p = opt->header_list; p; p = p->next) {
 		if (p->token != GREP_PATTERN_HEAD)
 			die("bug: a non-header pattern in grep header list.");
-		if (p->field < 0 || GREP_HEADER_FIELD_MAX <= p->field)
+		if (p->field < GREP_HEADER_FIELD_MIN ||
+		    GREP_HEADER_FIELD_MAX <= p->field)
 			die("bug: unknown header field %d", p->field);
 		compile_regexp(p, opt);
 	}
@@ -395,7 +660,23 @@
 	return header_expr;
 }
 
-void compile_grep_patterns(struct grep_opt *opt)
+static struct grep_expr *grep_splice_or(struct grep_expr *x, struct grep_expr *y)
+{
+	struct grep_expr *z = x;
+
+	while (x) {
+		assert(x->node == GREP_NODE_OR);
+		if (x->u.binary.right &&
+		    x->u.binary.right->node == GREP_NODE_TRUE) {
+			x->u.binary.right = y;
+			break;
+		}
+		x = x->u.binary.right;
+	}
+	return z;
+}
+
+static void compile_grep_patterns_real(struct grep_opt *opt)
 {
 	struct grep_pat *p;
 	struct grep_expr *header_expr = prep_header_patterns(opt);
@@ -415,7 +696,7 @@
 
 	if (opt->all_match || header_expr)
 		opt->extended = 1;
-	else if (!opt->extended)
+	else if (!opt->extended && !opt->debug)
 		return;
 
 	p = opt->pattern_list;
@@ -429,12 +710,22 @@
 
 	if (!opt->pattern_expression)
 		opt->pattern_expression = header_expr;
+	else if (opt->all_match)
+		opt->pattern_expression = grep_splice_or(header_expr,
+							 opt->pattern_expression);
 	else
 		opt->pattern_expression = grep_or_expr(opt->pattern_expression,
 						       header_expr);
 	opt->all_match = 1;
 }
 
+void compile_grep_patterns(struct grep_opt *opt)
+{
+	compile_grep_patterns_real(opt);
+	if (opt->debug)
+		dump_grep_expression(opt);
+}
+
 static void free_pattern_expr(struct grep_expr *x)
 {
 	switch (x->node) {
@@ -586,6 +877,7 @@
 } header_field[] = {
 	{ "author ", 7 },
 	{ "committer ", 10 },
+	{ "reflog ", 7 },
 };
 
 static int match_one_pattern(struct grep_pat *p, char *bol, char *eol,
@@ -609,7 +901,14 @@
 		if (strncmp(bol, field, len))
 			return 0;
 		bol += len;
-		saved_ch = strip_timestamp(bol, &eol);
+		switch (p->field) {
+		case GREP_HEADER_AUTHOR:
+		case GREP_HEADER_COMMITTER:
+			saved_ch = strip_timestamp(bol, &eol);
+			break;
+		default:
+			break;
+		}
 	}
 
  again:
@@ -1252,7 +1551,7 @@
 	struct grep_source gs;
 	int r;
 
-	grep_source_init(&gs, GREP_SOURCE_BUF, NULL, NULL);
+	grep_source_init(&gs, GREP_SOURCE_BUF, NULL, NULL, NULL);
 	gs.buf = buf;
 	gs.size = size;
 
@@ -1263,10 +1562,12 @@
 }
 
 void grep_source_init(struct grep_source *gs, enum grep_source_type type,
-		      const char *name, const void *identifier)
+		      const char *name, const char *path,
+		      const void *identifier)
 {
 	gs->type = type;
 	gs->name = name ? xstrdup(name) : NULL;
+	gs->path = path ? xstrdup(path) : NULL;
 	gs->buf = NULL;
 	gs->size = 0;
 	gs->driver = NULL;
@@ -1288,6 +1589,8 @@
 {
 	free(gs->name);
 	gs->name = NULL;
+	free(gs->path);
+	gs->path = NULL;
 	free(gs->identifier);
 	gs->identifier = NULL;
 	grep_source_clear_data(gs);
@@ -1358,7 +1661,7 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int grep_source_load(struct grep_source *gs)
+static int grep_source_load(struct grep_source *gs)
 {
 	if (gs->buf)
 		return 0;
@@ -1380,13 +1683,14 @@
 		return;
 
 	grep_attr_lock();
-	gs->driver = userdiff_find_by_path(gs->name);
+	if (gs->path)
+		gs->driver = userdiff_find_by_path(gs->path);
 	if (!gs->driver)
 		gs->driver = userdiff_find_by_name("default");
 	grep_attr_unlock();
 }
 
-int grep_source_is_binary(struct grep_source *gs)
+static int grep_source_is_binary(struct grep_source *gs)
 {
 	grep_source_load_driver(gs);
 	if (gs->driver->binary != -1)
diff --git a/grep.h b/grep.h
index ed7de6b..e4a1df5 100644
--- a/grep.h
+++ b/grep.h
@@ -28,10 +28,14 @@
 };
 
 enum grep_header_field {
-	GREP_HEADER_AUTHOR = 0,
-	GREP_HEADER_COMMITTER
+	GREP_HEADER_FIELD_MIN = 0,
+	GREP_HEADER_AUTHOR = GREP_HEADER_FIELD_MIN,
+	GREP_HEADER_COMMITTER,
+	GREP_HEADER_REFLOG,
+
+	/* Must be at the end of the enum */
+	GREP_HEADER_FIELD_MAX
 };
-#define GREP_HEADER_FIELD_MAX (GREP_HEADER_COMMITTER + 1)
 
 struct grep_pat {
 	struct grep_pat *next;
@@ -58,6 +62,14 @@
 	GREP_NODE_OR
 };
 
+enum grep_pattern_type {
+	GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED = 0,
+	GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_BRE,
+	GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_ERE,
+	GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_FIXED,
+	GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_PCRE
+};
+
 struct grep_expr {
 	enum grep_expr_node node;
 	unsigned hit;
@@ -90,11 +102,13 @@
 	int word_regexp;
 	int fixed;
 	int all_match;
+	int debug;
 #define GREP_BINARY_DEFAULT	0
 #define GREP_BINARY_NOMATCH	1
 #define GREP_BINARY_TEXT	2
 	int binary;
 	int extended;
+	int use_reflog_filter;
 	int pcre;
 	int relative;
 	int pathname;
@@ -103,6 +117,8 @@
 	int max_depth;
 	int funcname;
 	int funcbody;
+	int extended_regexp_option;
+	int pattern_type_option;
 	char color_context[COLOR_MAXLEN];
 	char color_filename[COLOR_MAXLEN];
 	char color_function[COLOR_MAXLEN];
@@ -123,6 +139,12 @@
 	void *output_priv;
 };
 
+extern void init_grep_defaults(void);
+extern int grep_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *);
+extern void grep_init(struct grep_opt *, const char *prefix);
+void grep_set_pattern_type_option(enum grep_pattern_type, struct grep_opt *opt);
+void grep_commit_pattern_type(enum grep_pattern_type, struct grep_opt *opt);
+
 extern void append_grep_pat(struct grep_opt *opt, const char *pat, size_t patlen, const char *origin, int no, enum grep_pat_token t);
 extern void append_grep_pattern(struct grep_opt *opt, const char *pat, const char *origin, int no, enum grep_pat_token t);
 extern void append_header_grep_pattern(struct grep_opt *, enum grep_header_field, const char *);
@@ -143,16 +165,17 @@
 	char *buf;
 	unsigned long size;
 
+	char *path; /* for attribute lookups */
 	struct userdiff_driver *driver;
 };
 
 void grep_source_init(struct grep_source *gs, enum grep_source_type type,
-		      const char *name, const void *identifier);
-int grep_source_load(struct grep_source *gs);
+		      const char *name, const char *path,
+		      const void *identifier);
 void grep_source_clear_data(struct grep_source *gs);
 void grep_source_clear(struct grep_source *gs);
 void grep_source_load_driver(struct grep_source *gs);
-int grep_source_is_binary(struct grep_source *gs);
+
 
 int grep_source(struct grep_opt *opt, struct grep_source *gs);
 
diff --git a/hash.h b/hash.h
index b875ce6..1d43ac0 100644
--- a/hash.h
+++ b/hash.h
@@ -40,4 +40,11 @@
 	table->array = NULL;
 }
 
+static inline void preallocate_hash(struct hash_table *table, unsigned int elts)
+{
+	assert(table->size == 0 && table->nr == 0 && table->array == NULL);
+	table->size = elts * 2;
+	table->array = xcalloc(sizeof(struct hash_table_entry), table->size);
+}
+
 #endif
diff --git a/help.c b/help.c
index 6012c07..bebfce9 100644
--- a/help.c
+++ b/help.c
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
 #include "common-cmds.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "column.h"
+#include "version.h"
+#include "refs.h"
 
 void add_cmdname(struct cmdnames *cmds, const char *name, int len)
 {
@@ -43,9 +45,12 @@
 	if (!cmds->cnt)
 		return;
 
-	for (i = j = 1; i < cmds->cnt; i++)
-		if (strcmp(cmds->names[i]->name, cmds->names[i-1]->name))
+	for (i = j = 1; i < cmds->cnt; i++) {
+		if (!strcmp(cmds->names[i]->name, cmds->names[j-1]->name))
+			free(cmds->names[i]);
+		else
 			cmds->names[j++] = cmds->names[i];
+	}
 
 	cmds->cnt = j;
 }
@@ -60,9 +65,10 @@
 		cmp = strcmp(cmds->names[ci]->name, excludes->names[ei]->name);
 		if (cmp < 0)
 			cmds->names[cj++] = cmds->names[ci++];
-		else if (cmp == 0)
-			ci++, ei++;
-		else if (cmp > 0)
+		else if (cmp == 0) {
+			ei++;
+			free(cmds->names[ci++]);
+		} else if (cmp > 0)
 			ei++;
 	}
 
@@ -218,6 +224,23 @@
 	}
 }
 
+void list_common_cmds_help(void)
+{
+	int i, longest = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(common_cmds); i++) {
+		if (longest < strlen(common_cmds[i].name))
+			longest = strlen(common_cmds[i].name);
+	}
+
+	puts(_("The most commonly used git commands are:"));
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(common_cmds); i++) {
+		printf("   %s   ", common_cmds[i].name);
+		mput_char(' ', longest - strlen(common_cmds[i].name));
+		puts(_(common_cmds[i].help));
+	}
+}
+
 int is_in_cmdlist(struct cmdnames *c, const char *s)
 {
 	int i;
@@ -375,6 +398,59 @@
 
 int cmd_version(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
+	/*
+	 * The format of this string should be kept stable for compatibility
+	 * with external projects that rely on the output of "git version".
+	 */
 	printf("git version %s\n", git_version_string);
 	return 0;
 }
+
+struct similar_ref_cb {
+	const char *base_ref;
+	struct string_list *similar_refs;
+};
+
+static int append_similar_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
+			      int flags, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct similar_ref_cb *cb = (struct similar_ref_cb *)(cb_data);
+	char *branch = strrchr(refname, '/') + 1;
+	/* A remote branch of the same name is deemed similar */
+	if (!prefixcmp(refname, "refs/remotes/") &&
+	    !strcmp(branch, cb->base_ref))
+		string_list_append(cb->similar_refs,
+				   refname + strlen("refs/remotes/"));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct string_list guess_refs(const char *ref)
+{
+	struct similar_ref_cb ref_cb;
+	struct string_list similar_refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+
+	ref_cb.base_ref = ref;
+	ref_cb.similar_refs = &similar_refs;
+	for_each_ref(append_similar_ref, &ref_cb);
+	return similar_refs;
+}
+
+void help_unknown_ref(const char *ref, const char *cmd, const char *error)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct string_list suggested_refs = guess_refs(ref);
+
+	fprintf_ln(stderr, _("%s: %s - %s"), cmd, ref, error);
+
+	if (suggested_refs.nr > 0) {
+		fprintf_ln(stderr,
+			   Q_("\nDid you mean this?",
+			      "\nDid you mean one of these?",
+			      suggested_refs.nr));
+		for (i = 0; i < suggested_refs.nr; i++)
+			fprintf(stderr, "\t%s\n", suggested_refs.items[i].string);
+	}
+
+	string_list_clear(&suggested_refs, 0);
+	exit(1);
+}
diff --git a/help.h b/help.h
index 0ae5a12..b21d7c9 100644
--- a/help.h
+++ b/help.h
@@ -27,4 +27,9 @@
 extern int is_in_cmdlist(struct cmdnames *cmds, const char *name);
 extern void list_commands(unsigned int colopts, struct cmdnames *main_cmds, struct cmdnames *other_cmds);
 
+/*
+ * call this to die(), when it is suspected that the user mistyped a
+ * ref to the command, to give suggested "correct" refs.
+ */
+extern void help_unknown_ref(const char *ref, const char *cmd, const char *error);
 #endif /* HELP_H */
diff --git a/http-backend.c b/http-backend.c
index f50e77f..6b85ffa 100644
--- a/http-backend.c
+++ b/http-backend.c
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@
 	if (n >= sizeof(buffer))
 		die("protocol error: impossibly long line");
 
-	safe_write(fd, buffer, n);
+	write_or_die(fd, buffer, n);
 }
 
 static void http_status(unsigned code, const char *msg)
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@
 
 static void end_headers(void)
 {
-	safe_write(1, "\r\n", 2);
+	write_or_die(1, "\r\n", 2);
 }
 
 __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)))
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@
 	hdr_int(content_length, buf->len);
 	hdr_str(content_type, type);
 	end_headers();
-	safe_write(1, buf->buf, buf->len);
+	write_or_die(1, buf->buf, buf->len);
 }
 
 static void send_local_file(const char *the_type, const char *name)
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@
 			die_errno("Cannot read '%s'", p);
 		if (!n)
 			break;
-		safe_write(1, buf, n);
+		write_or_die(1, buf, n);
 	}
 	close(fd);
 	free(buf);
@@ -361,17 +361,19 @@
 static int show_text_ref(const char *name, const unsigned char *sha1,
 	int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
+	const char *name_nons = strip_namespace(name);
 	struct strbuf *buf = cb_data;
 	struct object *o = parse_object(sha1);
 	if (!o)
 		return 0;
 
-	strbuf_addf(buf, "%s\t%s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1), name);
+	strbuf_addf(buf, "%s\t%s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1), name_nons);
 	if (o->type == OBJ_TAG) {
 		o = deref_tag(o, name, 0);
 		if (!o)
 			return 0;
-		strbuf_addf(buf, "%s\t%s^{}\n", sha1_to_hex(o->sha1), name);
+		strbuf_addf(buf, "%s\t%s^{}\n", sha1_to_hex(o->sha1),
+			    name_nons);
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -402,12 +404,40 @@
 
 	} else {
 		select_getanyfile();
-		for_each_ref(show_text_ref, &buf);
+		for_each_namespaced_ref(show_text_ref, &buf);
 		send_strbuf("text/plain", &buf);
 	}
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 }
 
+static int show_head_ref(const char *name, const unsigned char *sha1,
+	int flag, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct strbuf *buf = cb_data;
+
+	if (flag & REF_ISSYMREF) {
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		const char *target = resolve_ref_unsafe(name, sha1, 1, NULL);
+		const char *target_nons = strip_namespace(target);
+
+		strbuf_addf(buf, "ref: %s\n", target_nons);
+	} else {
+		strbuf_addf(buf, "%s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void get_head(char *arg)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	select_getanyfile();
+	head_ref_namespaced(show_head_ref, &buf);
+	send_strbuf("text/plain", &buf);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+}
+
 static void get_info_packs(char *arg)
 {
 	size_t objdirlen = strlen(get_object_directory());
@@ -520,7 +550,7 @@
 	const char *pattern;
 	void (*imp)(char *);
 } services[] = {
-	{"GET", "/HEAD$", get_text_file},
+	{"GET", "/HEAD$", get_head},
 	{"GET", "/info/refs$", get_info_refs},
 	{"GET", "/objects/info/alternates$", get_text_file},
 	{"GET", "/objects/info/http-alternates$", get_text_file},
diff --git a/http-push.c b/http-push.c
index a832ca7..395a8cf 100644
--- a/http-push.c
+++ b/http-push.c
@@ -11,7 +11,11 @@
 #include "list-objects.h"
 #include "sigchain.h"
 
+#ifdef EXPAT_NEEDS_XMLPARSE_H
+#include <xmlparse.h>
+#else
 #include <expat.h>
+#endif
 
 static const char http_push_usage[] =
 "git http-push [--all] [--dry-run] [--force] [--verbose] <remote> [<head>...]\n";
@@ -172,28 +176,7 @@
 static char *xml_entities(const char *s)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	while (*s) {
-		size_t len = strcspn(s, "\"<>&");
-		strbuf_add(&buf, s, len);
-		s += len;
-		switch (*s) {
-		case '"':
-			strbuf_addstr(&buf, "&quot;");
-			break;
-		case '<':
-			strbuf_addstr(&buf, "&lt;");
-			break;
-		case '>':
-			strbuf_addstr(&buf, "&gt;");
-			break;
-		case '&':
-			strbuf_addstr(&buf, "&amp;");
-			break;
-		case 0:
-			return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
-		}
-		s++;
-	}
+	strbuf_addstr_xml_quoted(&buf, s);
 	return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 }
 
@@ -1560,7 +1543,7 @@
 
 	sprintf(url, "%s%s", repo->url, path);
 
-	switch (http_get_strbuf(url, NULL, 0)) {
+	switch (http_get_strbuf(url, NULL, NULL, 0)) {
 	case HTTP_OK:
 		ret = 1;
 		break;
@@ -1568,7 +1551,7 @@
 		ret = 0;
 		break;
 	case HTTP_ERROR:
-		http_error(url, HTTP_ERROR);
+		error("unable to access '%s': %s", url, curl_errorstr);
 	default:
 		ret = -1;
 	}
@@ -1584,7 +1567,7 @@
 	url = xmalloc(strlen(repo->url) + strlen(path) + 1);
 	sprintf(url, "%s%s", repo->url, path);
 
-	if (http_get_strbuf(url, &buffer, 0) != HTTP_OK)
+	if (http_get_strbuf(url, NULL, &buffer, 0) != HTTP_OK)
 		die("Couldn't get %s for remote symref\n%s", url,
 		    curl_errorstr);
 	free(url);
@@ -1610,9 +1593,8 @@
 {
 	struct commit *head = lookup_commit_or_die(head_sha1, "HEAD");
 	struct commit *branch = lookup_commit_or_die(remote->old_sha1, remote->name);
-	struct commit_list *merge_bases = get_merge_bases(head, branch, 1);
 
-	return (merge_bases && !merge_bases->next && merge_bases->item == branch);
+	return in_merge_bases(branch, head);
 }
 
 static int delete_remote_branch(const char *pattern, int force)
diff --git a/http-walker.c b/http-walker.c
index 51a906e..1516c5e 100644
--- a/http-walker.c
+++ b/http-walker.c
@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static int fetch_pack(struct walker *walker, struct alt_base *repo, unsigned char *sha1)
+static int http_fetch_pack(struct walker *walker, struct alt_base *repo, unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	struct packed_git *target;
 	int ret;
@@ -524,7 +524,7 @@
 	if (!fetch_object(walker, altbase, sha1))
 		return 0;
 	while (altbase) {
-		if (!fetch_pack(walker, altbase, sha1))
+		if (!http_fetch_pack(walker, altbase, sha1))
 			return 0;
 		fetch_alternates(walker, data->alt->base);
 		altbase = altbase->next;
diff --git a/http.c b/http.c
index 5cb87f1..2d086ae 100644
--- a/http.c
+++ b/http.c
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "url.h"
 #include "credential.h"
+#include "version.h"
+#include "pkt-line.h"
 
 int active_requests;
 int http_is_verbose;
@@ -29,6 +31,7 @@
 char curl_errorstr[CURL_ERROR_SIZE];
 
 static int curl_ssl_verify = -1;
+static int curl_ssl_try;
 static const char *ssl_cert;
 #if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x070903
 static const char *ssl_key;
@@ -161,6 +164,10 @@
 			ssl_cert_password_required = 1;
 		return 0;
 	}
+	if (!strcmp("http.ssltry", var)) {
+		curl_ssl_try = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
 	if (!strcmp("http.minsessions", var)) {
 		min_curl_sessions = git_config_int(var, value);
 #ifndef USE_CURL_MULTI
@@ -221,9 +228,15 @@
 #else
 	{
 		static struct strbuf up = STRBUF_INIT;
-		strbuf_reset(&up);
-		strbuf_addf(&up, "%s:%s",
-			    http_auth.username, http_auth.password);
+		/*
+		 * Note that we assume we only ever have a single set of
+		 * credentials in a given program run, so we do not have
+		 * to worry about updating this buffer, only setting its
+		 * initial value.
+		 */
+		if (!up.len)
+			strbuf_addf(&up, "%s:%s",
+				http_auth.username, http_auth.password);
 		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_USERPWD, up.buf);
 	}
 #endif
@@ -235,6 +248,7 @@
 		return 0;
 	if (!cert_auth.password) {
 		cert_auth.protocol = xstrdup("cert");
+		cert_auth.username = xstrdup("");
 		cert_auth.path = xstrdup(ssl_cert);
 		credential_fill(&cert_auth);
 	}
@@ -279,7 +293,6 @@
 #endif
 	if (ssl_cainfo != NULL)
 		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_CAINFO, ssl_cainfo);
-	curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_FAILONERROR, 1);
 
 	if (curl_low_speed_limit > 0 && curl_low_speed_time > 0) {
 		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_LOW_SPEED_LIMIT,
@@ -299,11 +312,16 @@
 		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_VERBOSE, 1);
 
 	curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_USERAGENT,
-		user_agent ? user_agent : GIT_HTTP_USER_AGENT);
+		user_agent ? user_agent : git_user_agent());
 
 	if (curl_ftp_no_epsv)
 		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_FTP_USE_EPSV, 0);
 
+#ifdef CURLOPT_USE_SSL
+	if (curl_ssl_try)
+		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_USE_SSL, CURLUSESSL_TRY);
+#endif
+
 	if (curl_http_proxy) {
 		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_PROXY, curl_http_proxy);
 		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_PROXYAUTH, CURLAUTH_ANY);
@@ -503,6 +521,7 @@
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, NULL);
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_UPLOAD, 0);
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_HTTPGET, 1);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_FAILONERROR, 1);
 	if (http_auth.password)
 		init_curl_http_auth(slot->curl);
 
@@ -630,6 +649,18 @@
 			FD_ZERO(&excfds);
 			curl_multi_fdset(curlm, &readfds, &writefds, &excfds, &max_fd);
 
+			/*
+			 * It can happen that curl_multi_timeout returns a pathologically
+			 * long timeout when curl_multi_fdset returns no file descriptors
+			 * to read.  See commit message for more details.
+			 */
+			if (max_fd < 0 &&
+			    (select_timeout.tv_sec > 0 ||
+			     select_timeout.tv_usec > 50000)) {
+				select_timeout.tv_sec  = 0;
+				select_timeout.tv_usec = 50000;
+			}
+
 			select(max_fd+1, &readfds, &writefds, &excfds, &select_timeout);
 		}
 	}
@@ -744,11 +775,57 @@
 	return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 }
 
+int handle_curl_result(struct slot_results *results)
+{
+	/*
+	 * If we see a failing http code with CURLE_OK, we have turned off
+	 * FAILONERROR (to keep the server's custom error response), and should
+	 * translate the code into failure here.
+	 */
+	if (results->curl_result == CURLE_OK &&
+	    results->http_code >= 400) {
+		results->curl_result = CURLE_HTTP_RETURNED_ERROR;
+		/*
+		 * Normally curl will already have put the "reason phrase"
+		 * from the server into curl_errorstr; unfortunately without
+		 * FAILONERROR it is lost, so we can give only the numeric
+		 * status code.
+		 */
+		snprintf(curl_errorstr, sizeof(curl_errorstr),
+			 "The requested URL returned error: %ld",
+			 results->http_code);
+	}
+
+	if (results->curl_result == CURLE_OK) {
+		credential_approve(&http_auth);
+		return HTTP_OK;
+	} else if (missing_target(results))
+		return HTTP_MISSING_TARGET;
+	else if (results->http_code == 401) {
+		if (http_auth.username && http_auth.password) {
+			credential_reject(&http_auth);
+			return HTTP_NOAUTH;
+		} else {
+			credential_fill(&http_auth);
+			return HTTP_REAUTH;
+		}
+	} else {
+#if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x070c00
+		if (!curl_errorstr[0])
+			strlcpy(curl_errorstr,
+				curl_easy_strerror(results->curl_result),
+				sizeof(curl_errorstr));
+#endif
+		return HTTP_ERROR;
+	}
+}
+
 /* http_request() targets */
 #define HTTP_REQUEST_STRBUF	0
 #define HTTP_REQUEST_FILE	1
 
-static int http_request(const char *url, void *result, int target, int options)
+static int http_request(const char *url, struct strbuf *type,
+			void *result, int target, int options)
 {
 	struct active_request_slot *slot;
 	struct slot_results results;
@@ -783,60 +860,71 @@
 	strbuf_addstr(&buf, "Pragma:");
 	if (options & HTTP_NO_CACHE)
 		strbuf_addstr(&buf, " no-cache");
+	if (options & HTTP_KEEP_ERROR)
+		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_FAILONERROR, 0);
 
 	headers = curl_slist_append(headers, buf.buf);
 
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_URL, url);
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, headers);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_ENCODING, "gzip");
 
 	if (start_active_slot(slot)) {
 		run_active_slot(slot);
-		if (results.curl_result == CURLE_OK)
-			ret = HTTP_OK;
-		else if (missing_target(&results))
-			ret = HTTP_MISSING_TARGET;
-		else if (results.http_code == 401) {
-			if (http_auth.username && http_auth.password) {
-				credential_reject(&http_auth);
-				ret = HTTP_NOAUTH;
-			} else {
-				credential_fill(&http_auth);
-				init_curl_http_auth(slot->curl);
-				ret = HTTP_REAUTH;
-			}
-		} else {
-			if (!curl_errorstr[0])
-				strlcpy(curl_errorstr,
-					curl_easy_strerror(results.curl_result),
-					sizeof(curl_errorstr));
-			ret = HTTP_ERROR;
-		}
+		ret = handle_curl_result(&results);
 	} else {
-		error("Unable to start HTTP request for %s", url);
+		snprintf(curl_errorstr, sizeof(curl_errorstr),
+			 "failed to start HTTP request");
 		ret = HTTP_START_FAILED;
 	}
 
+	if (type) {
+		char *t;
+		strbuf_reset(type);
+		curl_easy_getinfo(slot->curl, CURLINFO_CONTENT_TYPE, &t);
+		if (t)
+			strbuf_addstr(type, t);
+	}
+
 	curl_slist_free_all(headers);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 
-	if (ret == HTTP_OK)
-		credential_approve(&http_auth);
-
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static int http_request_reauth(const char *url, void *result, int target,
+static int http_request_reauth(const char *url,
+			       struct strbuf *type,
+			       void *result, int target,
 			       int options)
 {
-	int ret = http_request(url, result, target, options);
+	int ret = http_request(url, type, result, target, options);
 	if (ret != HTTP_REAUTH)
 		return ret;
-	return http_request(url, result, target, options);
+
+	/*
+	 * If we are using KEEP_ERROR, the previous request may have
+	 * put cruft into our output stream; we should clear it out before
+	 * making our next request. We only know how to do this for
+	 * the strbuf case, but that is enough to satisfy current callers.
+	 */
+	if (options & HTTP_KEEP_ERROR) {
+		switch (target) {
+		case HTTP_REQUEST_STRBUF:
+			strbuf_reset(result);
+			break;
+		default:
+			die("BUG: HTTP_KEEP_ERROR is only supported with strbufs");
+		}
+	}
+	return http_request(url, type, result, target, options);
 }
 
-int http_get_strbuf(const char *url, struct strbuf *result, int options)
+int http_get_strbuf(const char *url,
+		    struct strbuf *type,
+		    struct strbuf *result, int options)
 {
-	return http_request_reauth(url, result, HTTP_REQUEST_STRBUF, options);
+	return http_request_reauth(url, type, result,
+				   HTTP_REQUEST_STRBUF, options);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -859,7 +947,7 @@
 		goto cleanup;
 	}
 
-	ret = http_request_reauth(url, result, HTTP_REQUEST_FILE, options);
+	ret = http_request_reauth(url, NULL, result, HTTP_REQUEST_FILE, options);
 	fclose(result);
 
 	if ((ret == HTTP_OK) && move_temp_to_file(tmpfile.buf, filename))
@@ -869,15 +957,6 @@
 	return ret;
 }
 
-int http_error(const char *url, int ret)
-{
-	/* http_request has already handled HTTP_START_FAILED. */
-	if (ret != HTTP_START_FAILED)
-		error("%s while accessing %s", curl_errorstr, url);
-
-	return ret;
-}
-
 int http_fetch_ref(const char *base, struct ref *ref)
 {
 	char *url;
@@ -885,7 +964,7 @@
 	int ret = -1;
 
 	url = quote_ref_url(base, ref->name);
-	if (http_get_strbuf(url, &buffer, HTTP_NO_CACHE) == HTTP_OK) {
+	if (http_get_strbuf(url, NULL, &buffer, HTTP_NO_CACHE) == HTTP_OK) {
 		strbuf_rtrim(&buffer);
 		if (buffer.len == 40)
 			ret = get_sha1_hex(buffer.buf, ref->old_sha1);
@@ -978,7 +1057,7 @@
 	strbuf_addstr(&buf, "objects/info/packs");
 	url = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 
-	ret = http_get_strbuf(url, &buf, HTTP_NO_CACHE);
+	ret = http_get_strbuf(url, NULL, &buf, HTTP_NO_CACHE);
 	if (ret != HTTP_OK)
 		goto cleanup;
 
diff --git a/http.h b/http.h
index 915c286..d77c1b5 100644
--- a/http.h
+++ b/http.h
@@ -42,6 +42,15 @@
 #define NO_CURL_IOCTL
 #endif
 
+/*
+ * CURLOPT_USE_SSL was known as CURLOPT_FTP_SSL up to 7.16.4,
+ * and the constants were known as CURLFTPSSL_*
+*/
+#if !defined(CURLOPT_USE_SSL) && defined(CURLOPT_FTP_SSL)
+#define CURLOPT_USE_SSL CURLOPT_FTP_SSL
+#define CURLUSESSL_TRY CURLFTPSSL_TRY
+#endif
+
 struct slot_results {
 	CURLcode curl_result;
 	long http_code;
@@ -78,6 +87,7 @@
 extern void run_active_slot(struct active_request_slot *slot);
 extern void finish_active_slot(struct active_request_slot *slot);
 extern void finish_all_active_slots(void);
+extern int handle_curl_result(struct slot_results *results);
 
 #ifdef USE_CURL_MULTI
 extern void fill_active_slots(void);
@@ -117,6 +127,7 @@
 
 /* Options for http_request_*() */
 #define HTTP_NO_CACHE		1
+#define HTTP_KEEP_ERROR		2
 
 /* Return values for http_request_*() */
 #define HTTP_OK			0
@@ -131,13 +142,7 @@
  *
  * If the result pointer is NULL, a HTTP HEAD request is made instead of GET.
  */
-int http_get_strbuf(const char *url, struct strbuf *result, int options);
-
-/*
- * Prints an error message using error() containing url and curl_errorstr,
- * and returns ret.
- */
-int http_error(const char *url, int ret);
+int http_get_strbuf(const char *url, struct strbuf *content_type, struct strbuf *result, int options);
 
 extern int http_fetch_ref(const char *base, struct ref *ref);
 
diff --git a/ident.c b/ident.c
index 443c075..1c123e6 100644
--- a/ident.c
+++ b/ident.c
@@ -10,7 +10,12 @@
 static struct strbuf git_default_name = STRBUF_INIT;
 static struct strbuf git_default_email = STRBUF_INIT;
 static char git_default_date[50];
-int user_ident_explicitly_given;
+
+#define IDENT_NAME_GIVEN 01
+#define IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN 02
+#define IDENT_ALL_GIVEN (IDENT_NAME_GIVEN|IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN)
+static int committer_ident_explicitly_given;
+static int author_ident_explicitly_given;
 
 #ifdef NO_GECOS_IN_PWENT
 #define get_gecos(ignored) "&"
@@ -41,6 +46,7 @@
 static int add_mailname_host(struct strbuf *buf)
 {
 	FILE *mailname;
+	struct strbuf mailnamebuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	mailname = fopen("/etc/mailname", "r");
 	if (!mailname) {
@@ -49,14 +55,17 @@
 				strerror(errno));
 		return -1;
 	}
-	if (strbuf_getline(buf, mailname, '\n') == EOF) {
+	if (strbuf_getline(&mailnamebuf, mailname, '\n') == EOF) {
 		if (ferror(mailname))
 			warning("cannot read /etc/mailname: %s",
 				strerror(errno));
+		strbuf_release(&mailnamebuf);
 		fclose(mailname);
 		return -1;
 	}
 	/* success! */
+	strbuf_addbuf(buf, &mailnamebuf);
+	strbuf_release(&mailnamebuf);
 	fclose(mailname);
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -93,7 +102,7 @@
 	add_domainname(email);
 }
 
-const char *ident_default_name(void)
+static const char *ident_default_name(void)
 {
 	if (!git_default_name.len) {
 		copy_gecos(xgetpwuid_self(), &git_default_name);
@@ -109,7 +118,8 @@
 
 		if (email && email[0]) {
 			strbuf_addstr(&git_default_email, email);
-			user_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN;
+			committer_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN;
+			author_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN;
 		} else
 			copy_email(xgetpwuid_self(), &git_default_email);
 		strbuf_trim(&git_default_email);
@@ -117,7 +127,7 @@
 	return git_default_email.buf;
 }
 
-const char *ident_default_date(void)
+static const char *ident_default_date(void)
 {
 	if (!git_default_date[0])
 		datestamp(git_default_date, sizeof(git_default_date));
@@ -210,8 +220,10 @@
 			split->name_end = cp + 1;
 			break;
 		}
-	if (!split->name_end)
-		return status;
+	if (!split->name_end) {
+		/* no human readable name */
+		split->name_end = split->name_begin;
+	}
 
 	for (cp = split->mail_begin; cp < line + len; cp++)
 		if (*cp == '>') {
@@ -325,6 +337,10 @@
 
 const char *git_author_info(int flag)
 {
+	if (getenv("GIT_AUTHOR_NAME"))
+		author_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_NAME_GIVEN;
+	if (getenv("GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL"))
+		author_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN;
 	return fmt_ident(getenv("GIT_AUTHOR_NAME"),
 			 getenv("GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL"),
 			 getenv("GIT_AUTHOR_DATE"),
@@ -334,16 +350,16 @@
 const char *git_committer_info(int flag)
 {
 	if (getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_NAME"))
-		user_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_NAME_GIVEN;
+		committer_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_NAME_GIVEN;
 	if (getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL"))
-		user_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN;
+		committer_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN;
 	return fmt_ident(getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_NAME"),
 			 getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL"),
 			 getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_DATE"),
 			 flag);
 }
 
-int user_ident_sufficiently_given(void)
+static int ident_is_sufficient(int user_ident_explicitly_given)
 {
 #ifndef WINDOWS
 	return (user_ident_explicitly_given & IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN);
@@ -352,6 +368,16 @@
 #endif
 }
 
+int committer_ident_sufficiently_given(void)
+{
+	return ident_is_sufficient(committer_ident_explicitly_given);
+}
+
+int author_ident_sufficiently_given(void)
+{
+	return ident_is_sufficient(author_ident_explicitly_given);
+}
+
 int git_ident_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *data)
 {
 	if (!strcmp(var, "user.name")) {
@@ -359,7 +385,8 @@
 			return config_error_nonbool(var);
 		strbuf_reset(&git_default_name);
 		strbuf_addstr(&git_default_name, value);
-		user_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_NAME_GIVEN;
+		committer_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_NAME_GIVEN;
+		author_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_NAME_GIVEN;
 		return 0;
 	}
 
@@ -368,7 +395,8 @@
 			return config_error_nonbool(var);
 		strbuf_reset(&git_default_email);
 		strbuf_addstr(&git_default_email, value);
-		user_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN;
+		committer_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN;
+		author_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN;
 		return 0;
 	}
 
diff --git a/imap-send.c b/imap-send.c
index d42e471..d6b65e2 100644
--- a/imap-send.c
+++ b/imap-send.c
@@ -29,50 +29,20 @@
 #ifdef NO_OPENSSL
 typedef void *SSL;
 #else
+#ifdef APPLE_COMMON_CRYPTO
+#include <CommonCrypto/CommonHMAC.h>
+#define HMAC_CTX CCHmacContext
+#define HMAC_Init(hmac, key, len, algo) CCHmacInit(hmac, algo, key, len)
+#define HMAC_Update CCHmacUpdate
+#define HMAC_Final(hmac, hash, ptr) CCHmacFinal(hmac, hash)
+#define HMAC_CTX_cleanup(ignore)
+#define EVP_md5() kCCHmacAlgMD5
+#else
 #include <openssl/evp.h>
 #include <openssl/hmac.h>
 #endif
-
-struct store_conf {
-	char *name;
-	const char *path; /* should this be here? its interpretation is driver-specific */
-	char *map_inbox;
-	char *trash;
-	unsigned max_size; /* off_t is overkill */
-	unsigned trash_remote_new:1, trash_only_new:1;
-};
-
-/* For message->status */
-#define M_RECENT       (1<<0) /* unsyncable flag; maildir_* depend on this being 1<<0 */
-#define M_DEAD         (1<<1) /* expunged */
-#define M_FLAGS        (1<<2) /* flags fetched */
-
-struct message {
-	struct message *next;
-	size_t size; /* zero implies "not fetched" */
-	int uid;
-	unsigned char flags, status;
-};
-
-struct store {
-	struct store_conf *conf; /* foreign */
-
-	/* currently open mailbox */
-	const char *name; /* foreign! maybe preset? */
-	char *path; /* own */
-	struct message *msgs; /* own */
-	int uidvalidity;
-	unsigned char opts; /* maybe preset? */
-	/* note that the following do _not_ reflect stats from msgs, but mailbox totals */
-	int count; /* # of messages */
-	int recent; /* # of recent messages - don't trust this beyond the initial read */
-};
-
-struct msg_data {
-	char *data;
-	int len;
-	unsigned char flags;
-};
+#include <openssl/x509v3.h>
+#endif
 
 static const char imap_send_usage[] = "git imap-send < <mbox>";
 
@@ -91,8 +61,6 @@
 
 static char *next_arg(char **);
 
-static void free_generic_messages(struct message *);
-
 __attribute__((format (printf, 3, 4)))
 static int nfsnprintf(char *buf, int blen, const char *fmt, ...);
 
@@ -136,20 +104,6 @@
 	NULL,	/* auth_method */
 };
 
-struct imap_store_conf {
-	struct store_conf gen;
-	struct imap_server_conf *server;
-};
-
-#define NIL	(void *)0x1
-#define LIST	(void *)0x2
-
-struct imap_list {
-	struct imap_list *next, *child;
-	char *val;
-	int len;
-};
-
 struct imap_socket {
 	int fd[2];
 	SSL *ssl;
@@ -166,7 +120,6 @@
 
 struct imap {
 	int uidnext; /* from SELECT responses */
-	struct imap_list *ns_personal, *ns_other, *ns_shared; /* NAMESPACE info */
 	unsigned caps, rcaps; /* CAPABILITY results */
 	/* command queue */
 	int nexttag, num_in_progress, literal_pending;
@@ -175,11 +128,11 @@
 };
 
 struct imap_store {
-	struct store gen;
+	/* currently open mailbox */
+	const char *name; /* foreign! maybe preset? */
 	int uidvalidity;
 	struct imap *imap;
 	const char *prefix;
-	unsigned /*currentnc:1,*/ trashnc:1;
 };
 
 struct imap_cmd_cb {
@@ -226,14 +179,6 @@
 static int get_cmd_result(struct imap_store *ctx, struct imap_cmd *tcmd);
 
 
-static const char *Flags[] = {
-	"Draft",
-	"Flagged",
-	"Answered",
-	"Seen",
-	"Deleted",
-};
-
 #ifndef NO_OPENSSL
 static void ssl_socket_perror(const char *func)
 {
@@ -266,12 +211,64 @@
 	}
 }
 
+#ifdef NO_OPENSSL
 static int ssl_socket_connect(struct imap_socket *sock, int use_tls_only, int verify)
 {
-#ifdef NO_OPENSSL
 	fprintf(stderr, "SSL requested but SSL support not compiled in\n");
 	return -1;
+}
+
 #else
+
+static int host_matches(const char *host, const char *pattern)
+{
+	if (pattern[0] == '*' && pattern[1] == '.') {
+		pattern += 2;
+		if (!(host = strchr(host, '.')))
+			return 0;
+		host++;
+	}
+
+	return *host && *pattern && !strcasecmp(host, pattern);
+}
+
+static int verify_hostname(X509 *cert, const char *hostname)
+{
+	int len;
+	X509_NAME *subj;
+	char cname[1000];
+	int i, found;
+	STACK_OF(GENERAL_NAME) *subj_alt_names;
+
+	/* try the DNS subjectAltNames */
+	found = 0;
+	if ((subj_alt_names = X509_get_ext_d2i(cert, NID_subject_alt_name, NULL, NULL))) {
+		int num_subj_alt_names = sk_GENERAL_NAME_num(subj_alt_names);
+		for (i = 0; !found && i < num_subj_alt_names; i++) {
+			GENERAL_NAME *subj_alt_name = sk_GENERAL_NAME_value(subj_alt_names, i);
+			if (subj_alt_name->type == GEN_DNS &&
+			    strlen((const char *)subj_alt_name->d.ia5->data) == (size_t)subj_alt_name->d.ia5->length &&
+			    host_matches(hostname, (const char *)(subj_alt_name->d.ia5->data)))
+				found = 1;
+		}
+		sk_GENERAL_NAME_pop_free(subj_alt_names, GENERAL_NAME_free);
+	}
+	if (found)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* try the common name */
+	if (!(subj = X509_get_subject_name(cert)))
+		return error("cannot get certificate subject");
+	if ((len = X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID(subj, NID_commonName, cname, sizeof(cname))) < 0)
+		return error("cannot get certificate common name");
+	if (strlen(cname) == (size_t)len && host_matches(hostname, cname))
+		return 0;
+	return error("certificate owner '%s' does not match hostname '%s'",
+		     cname, hostname);
+}
+
+static int ssl_socket_connect(struct imap_socket *sock, int use_tls_only, int verify)
+{
 #if (OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x10000000L)
 	const SSL_METHOD *meth;
 #else
@@ -279,6 +276,7 @@
 #endif
 	SSL_CTX *ctx;
 	int ret;
+	X509 *cert;
 
 	SSL_library_init();
 	SSL_load_error_strings();
@@ -316,15 +314,35 @@
 		return -1;
 	}
 
+#ifdef SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_HOSTNAME
+	/*
+	 * SNI (RFC4366)
+	 * OpenSSL does not document this function, but the implementation
+	 * returns 1 on success, 0 on failure after calling SSLerr().
+	 */
+	ret = SSL_set_tlsext_host_name(sock->ssl, server.host);
+	if (ret != 1)
+		warning("SSL_set_tlsext_host_name(%s) failed.", server.host);
+#endif
+
 	ret = SSL_connect(sock->ssl);
 	if (ret <= 0) {
 		socket_perror("SSL_connect", sock, ret);
 		return -1;
 	}
 
+	if (verify) {
+		/* make sure the hostname matches that of the certificate */
+		cert = SSL_get_peer_certificate(sock->ssl);
+		if (!cert)
+			return error("unable to get peer certificate.");
+		if (verify_hostname(cert, server.host) < 0)
+			return -1;
+	}
+
 	return 0;
-#endif
 }
+#endif
 
 static int socket_read(struct imap_socket *sock, char *buf, int len)
 {
@@ -477,16 +495,6 @@
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static void free_generic_messages(struct message *msgs)
-{
-	struct message *tmsg;
-
-	for (; msgs; msgs = tmsg) {
-		tmsg = msgs->next;
-		free(msgs);
-	}
-}
-
 static int nfsnprintf(char *buf, int blen, const char *fmt, ...)
 {
 	int ret;
@@ -614,35 +622,9 @@
 	}
 }
 
-static int is_atom(struct imap_list *list)
+static int skip_imap_list_l(char **sp, int level)
 {
-	return list && list->val && list->val != NIL && list->val != LIST;
-}
-
-static int is_list(struct imap_list *list)
-{
-	return list && list->val == LIST;
-}
-
-static void free_list(struct imap_list *list)
-{
-	struct imap_list *tmp;
-
-	for (; list; list = tmp) {
-		tmp = list->next;
-		if (is_list(list))
-			free_list(list->child);
-		else if (is_atom(list))
-			free(list->val);
-		free(list);
-	}
-}
-
-static int parse_imap_list_l(struct imap *imap, char **sp, struct imap_list **curp, int level)
-{
-	struct imap_list *cur;
-	char *s = *sp, *p;
-	int n, bytes;
+	char *s = *sp;
 
 	for (;;) {
 		while (isspace((unsigned char)*s))
@@ -651,68 +633,23 @@
 			s++;
 			break;
 		}
-		*curp = cur = xmalloc(sizeof(*cur));
-		curp = &cur->next;
-		cur->val = NULL; /* for clean bail */
 		if (*s == '(') {
 			/* sublist */
 			s++;
-			cur->val = LIST;
-			if (parse_imap_list_l(imap, &s, &cur->child, level + 1))
-				goto bail;
-		} else if (imap && *s == '{') {
-			/* literal */
-			bytes = cur->len = strtol(s + 1, &s, 10);
-			if (*s != '}')
-				goto bail;
-
-			s = cur->val = xmalloc(cur->len);
-
-			/* dump whats left over in the input buffer */
-			n = imap->buf.bytes - imap->buf.offset;
-
-			if (n > bytes)
-				/* the entire message fit in the buffer */
-				n = bytes;
-
-			memcpy(s, imap->buf.buf + imap->buf.offset, n);
-			s += n;
-			bytes -= n;
-
-			/* mark that we used part of the buffer */
-			imap->buf.offset += n;
-
-			/* now read the rest of the message */
-			while (bytes > 0) {
-				if ((n = socket_read(&imap->buf.sock, s, bytes)) <= 0)
-					goto bail;
-				s += n;
-				bytes -= n;
-			}
-
-			if (buffer_gets(&imap->buf, &s))
+			if (skip_imap_list_l(&s, level + 1))
 				goto bail;
 		} else if (*s == '"') {
 			/* quoted string */
 			s++;
-			p = s;
 			for (; *s != '"'; s++)
 				if (!*s)
 					goto bail;
-			cur->len = s - p;
 			s++;
-			cur->val = xmemdupz(p, cur->len);
 		} else {
 			/* atom */
-			p = s;
 			for (; *s && !isspace((unsigned char)*s); s++)
 				if (level && *s == ')')
 					break;
-			cur->len = s - p;
-			if (cur->len == 3 && !memcmp("NIL", p, 3))
-				cur->val = NIL;
-			else
-				cur->val = xmemdupz(p, cur->len);
 		}
 
 		if (!level)
@@ -721,27 +658,15 @@
 			goto bail;
 	}
 	*sp = s;
-	*curp = NULL;
 	return 0;
 
 bail:
-	*curp = NULL;
 	return -1;
 }
 
-static struct imap_list *parse_imap_list(struct imap *imap, char **sp)
+static void skip_list(char **sp)
 {
-	struct imap_list *head;
-
-	if (!parse_imap_list_l(imap, sp, &head, 0))
-		return head;
-	free_list(head);
-	return NULL;
-}
-
-static struct imap_list *parse_list(char **sp)
-{
-	return parse_imap_list(NULL, sp);
+	skip_imap_list_l(sp, 0);
 }
 
 static void parse_capability(struct imap *imap, char *cmd)
@@ -773,7 +698,7 @@
 	*p++ = 0;
 	arg = next_arg(&s);
 	if (!strcmp("UIDVALIDITY", arg)) {
-		if (!(arg = next_arg(&s)) || !(ctx->gen.uidvalidity = atoi(arg))) {
+		if (!(arg = next_arg(&s)) || !(ctx->uidvalidity = atoi(arg))) {
 			fprintf(stderr, "IMAP error: malformed UIDVALIDITY status\n");
 			return RESP_BAD;
 		}
@@ -791,7 +716,7 @@
 		for (; isspace((unsigned char)*p); p++);
 		fprintf(stderr, "*** IMAP ALERT *** %s\n", p);
 	} else if (cb && cb->ctx && !strcmp("APPENDUID", arg)) {
-		if (!(arg = next_arg(&s)) || !(ctx->gen.uidvalidity = atoi(arg)) ||
+		if (!(arg = next_arg(&s)) || !(ctx->uidvalidity = atoi(arg)) ||
 		    !(arg = next_arg(&s)) || !(*(int *)cb->ctx = atoi(arg))) {
 			fprintf(stderr, "IMAP error: malformed APPENDUID status\n");
 			return RESP_BAD;
@@ -820,20 +745,28 @@
 			}
 
 			if (!strcmp("NAMESPACE", arg)) {
-				imap->ns_personal = parse_list(&cmd);
-				imap->ns_other = parse_list(&cmd);
-				imap->ns_shared = parse_list(&cmd);
+				/* rfc2342 NAMESPACE response. */
+				skip_list(&cmd); /* Personal mailboxes */
+				skip_list(&cmd); /* Others' mailboxes */
+				skip_list(&cmd); /* Shared mailboxes */
 			} else if (!strcmp("OK", arg) || !strcmp("BAD", arg) ||
 				   !strcmp("NO", arg) || !strcmp("BYE", arg)) {
 				if ((resp = parse_response_code(ctx, NULL, cmd)) != RESP_OK)
 					return resp;
-			} else if (!strcmp("CAPABILITY", arg))
+			} else if (!strcmp("CAPABILITY", arg)) {
 				parse_capability(imap, cmd);
-			else if ((arg1 = next_arg(&cmd))) {
-				if (!strcmp("EXISTS", arg1))
-					ctx->gen.count = atoi(arg);
-				else if (!strcmp("RECENT", arg1))
-					ctx->gen.recent = atoi(arg);
+			} else if ((arg1 = next_arg(&cmd))) {
+				; /*
+				   * Unhandled response-data with at least two words.
+				   * Ignore it.
+				   *
+				   * NEEDSWORK: Previously this case handled '<num> EXISTS'
+				   * and '<num> RECENT' but as a probably-unintended side
+				   * effect it ignores other unrecognized two-word
+				   * responses.  imap-send doesn't ever try to read
+				   * messages or mailboxes these days, so consider
+				   * eliminating this case.
+				   */
 			} else {
 				fprintf(stderr, "IMAP error: unable to parse untagged response\n");
 				return RESP_BAD;
@@ -935,16 +868,12 @@
 		imap_exec(ictx, NULL, "LOGOUT");
 		socket_shutdown(&imap->buf.sock);
 	}
-	free_list(imap->ns_personal);
-	free_list(imap->ns_other);
-	free_list(imap->ns_shared);
 	free(imap);
 }
 
-static void imap_close_store(struct store *ctx)
+static void imap_close_store(struct imap_store *ctx)
 {
-	imap_close_server((struct imap_store *)ctx);
-	free_generic_messages(ctx->msgs);
+	imap_close_server(ctx);
 	free(ctx);
 }
 
@@ -1029,7 +958,7 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static struct store *imap_open_store(struct imap_server_conf *srvc)
+static struct imap_store *imap_open_store(struct imap_server_conf *srvc)
 {
 	struct imap_store *ctx;
 	struct imap *imap;
@@ -1239,173 +1168,113 @@
 	} /* !preauth */
 
 	ctx->prefix = "";
-	ctx->trashnc = 1;
-	return (struct store *)ctx;
+	return ctx;
 
 bail:
-	imap_close_store(&ctx->gen);
+	imap_close_store(ctx);
 	return NULL;
 }
 
-static int imap_make_flags(int flags, char *buf)
-{
-	const char *s;
-	unsigned i, d;
-
-	for (i = d = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(Flags); i++)
-		if (flags & (1 << i)) {
-			buf[d++] = ' ';
-			buf[d++] = '\\';
-			for (s = Flags[i]; *s; s++)
-				buf[d++] = *s;
-		}
-	buf[0] = '(';
-	buf[d++] = ')';
-	return d;
-}
-
-static void lf_to_crlf(struct msg_data *msg)
+/*
+ * Insert CR characters as necessary in *msg to ensure that every LF
+ * character in *msg is preceded by a CR.
+ */
+static void lf_to_crlf(struct strbuf *msg)
 {
 	char *new;
-	int i, j, lfnum = 0;
+	size_t i, j;
+	char lastc;
 
-	if (msg->data[0] == '\n')
-		lfnum++;
-	for (i = 1; i < msg->len; i++) {
-		if (msg->data[i - 1] != '\r' && msg->data[i] == '\n')
-			lfnum++;
+	/* First pass: tally, in j, the size of the new string: */
+	for (i = j = 0, lastc = '\0'; i < msg->len; i++) {
+		if (msg->buf[i] == '\n' && lastc != '\r')
+			j++; /* a CR will need to be added here */
+		lastc = msg->buf[i];
+		j++;
 	}
 
-	new = xmalloc(msg->len + lfnum);
-	if (msg->data[0] == '\n') {
-		new[0] = '\r';
-		new[1] = '\n';
-		i = 1;
-		j = 2;
-	} else {
-		new[0] = msg->data[0];
-		i = 1;
-		j = 1;
-	}
-	for ( ; i < msg->len; i++) {
-		if (msg->data[i] != '\n') {
-			new[j++] = msg->data[i];
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (msg->data[i - 1] != '\r')
+	new = xmalloc(j + 1);
+
+	/*
+	 * Second pass: write the new string.  Note that this loop is
+	 * otherwise identical to the first pass.
+	 */
+	for (i = j = 0, lastc = '\0'; i < msg->len; i++) {
+		if (msg->buf[i] == '\n' && lastc != '\r')
 			new[j++] = '\r';
-		/* otherwise it already had CR before */
-		new[j++] = '\n';
+		lastc = new[j++] = msg->buf[i];
 	}
-	msg->len += lfnum;
-	free(msg->data);
-	msg->data = new;
+	strbuf_attach(msg, new, j, j + 1);
 }
 
-static int imap_store_msg(struct store *gctx, struct msg_data *data)
+/*
+ * Store msg to IMAP.  Also detach and free the data from msg->data,
+ * leaving msg->data empty.
+ */
+static int imap_store_msg(struct imap_store *ctx, struct strbuf *msg)
 {
-	struct imap_store *ctx = (struct imap_store *)gctx;
 	struct imap *imap = ctx->imap;
 	struct imap_cmd_cb cb;
 	const char *prefix, *box;
-	int ret, d;
-	char flagstr[128];
+	int ret;
 
-	lf_to_crlf(data);
+	lf_to_crlf(msg);
 	memset(&cb, 0, sizeof(cb));
 
-	cb.dlen = data->len;
-	cb.data = xmalloc(cb.dlen);
-	memcpy(cb.data, data->data, data->len);
+	cb.dlen = msg->len;
+	cb.data = strbuf_detach(msg, NULL);
 
-	d = 0;
-	if (data->flags) {
-		d = imap_make_flags(data->flags, flagstr);
-		flagstr[d++] = ' ';
-	}
-	flagstr[d] = 0;
-
-	box = gctx->name;
+	box = ctx->name;
 	prefix = !strcmp(box, "INBOX") ? "" : ctx->prefix;
 	cb.create = 0;
-	ret = imap_exec_m(ctx, &cb, "APPEND \"%s%s\" %s", prefix, box, flagstr);
+	ret = imap_exec_m(ctx, &cb, "APPEND \"%s%s\" ", prefix, box);
 	imap->caps = imap->rcaps;
 	if (ret != DRV_OK)
 		return ret;
-	gctx->count++;
 
 	return DRV_OK;
 }
 
-static void encode_html_chars(struct strbuf *p)
-{
-	int i;
-	for (i = 0; i < p->len; i++) {
-		if (p->buf[i] == '&')
-			strbuf_splice(p, i, 1, "&amp;", 5);
-		if (p->buf[i] == '<')
-			strbuf_splice(p, i, 1, "&lt;", 4);
-		if (p->buf[i] == '>')
-			strbuf_splice(p, i, 1, "&gt;", 4);
-		if (p->buf[i] == '"')
-			strbuf_splice(p, i, 1, "&quot;", 6);
-	}
-}
-static void wrap_in_html(struct msg_data *msg)
+static void wrap_in_html(struct strbuf *msg)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct strbuf **lines;
-	struct strbuf **p;
 	static char *content_type = "Content-Type: text/html;\n";
 	static char *pre_open = "<pre>\n";
 	static char *pre_close = "</pre>\n";
-	int added_header = 0;
+	const char *body = strstr(msg->buf, "\n\n");
 
-	strbuf_attach(&buf, msg->data, msg->len, msg->len);
-	lines = strbuf_split(&buf, '\n');
-	strbuf_release(&buf);
-	for (p = lines; *p; p++) {
-		if (! added_header) {
-			if ((*p)->len == 1 && *((*p)->buf) == '\n') {
-				strbuf_addstr(&buf, content_type);
-				strbuf_addbuf(&buf, *p);
-				strbuf_addstr(&buf, pre_open);
-				added_header = 1;
-				continue;
-			}
-		}
-		else
-			encode_html_chars(*p);
-		strbuf_addbuf(&buf, *p);
-	}
+	if (!body)
+		return; /* Headers but no body; no wrapping needed */
+
+	body += 2;
+
+	strbuf_add(&buf, msg->buf, body - msg->buf - 1);
+	strbuf_addstr(&buf, content_type);
+	strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
+	strbuf_addstr(&buf, pre_open);
+	strbuf_addstr_xml_quoted(&buf, body);
 	strbuf_addstr(&buf, pre_close);
-	strbuf_list_free(lines);
-	msg->len  = buf.len;
-	msg->data = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+
+	strbuf_release(msg);
+	*msg = buf;
 }
 
 #define CHUNKSIZE 0x1000
 
-static int read_message(FILE *f, struct msg_data *msg)
+static int read_message(FILE *f, struct strbuf *all_msgs)
 {
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-
-	memset(msg, 0, sizeof(*msg));
-
 	do {
-		if (strbuf_fread(&buf, CHUNKSIZE, f) <= 0)
+		if (strbuf_fread(all_msgs, CHUNKSIZE, f) <= 0)
 			break;
 	} while (!feof(f));
 
-	msg->len  = buf.len;
-	msg->data = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
-	return msg->len;
+	return ferror(f) ? -1 : 0;
 }
 
-static int count_messages(struct msg_data *msg)
+static int count_messages(struct strbuf *all_msgs)
 {
 	int count = 0;
-	char *p = msg->data;
+	char *p = all_msgs->buf;
 
 	while (1) {
 		if (!prefixcmp(p, "From ")) {
@@ -1426,34 +1295,39 @@
 	return count;
 }
 
-static int split_msg(struct msg_data *all_msgs, struct msg_data *msg, int *ofs)
+/*
+ * Copy the next message from all_msgs, starting at offset *ofs, to
+ * msg.  Update *ofs to the start of the following message.  Return
+ * true iff a message was successfully copied.
+ */
+static int split_msg(struct strbuf *all_msgs, struct strbuf *msg, int *ofs)
 {
 	char *p, *data;
+	size_t len;
 
-	memset(msg, 0, sizeof *msg);
 	if (*ofs >= all_msgs->len)
 		return 0;
 
-	data = &all_msgs->data[*ofs];
-	msg->len = all_msgs->len - *ofs;
+	data = &all_msgs->buf[*ofs];
+	len = all_msgs->len - *ofs;
 
-	if (msg->len < 5 || prefixcmp(data, "From "))
+	if (len < 5 || prefixcmp(data, "From "))
 		return 0;
 
 	p = strchr(data, '\n');
 	if (p) {
-		p = &p[1];
-		msg->len -= p-data;
-		*ofs += p-data;
+		p++;
+		len -= p - data;
+		*ofs += p - data;
 		data = p;
 	}
 
 	p = strstr(data, "\nFrom ");
 	if (p)
-		msg->len = &p[1] - data;
+		len = &p[1] - data;
 
-	msg->data = xmemdupz(data, msg->len);
-	*ofs += msg->len;
+	strbuf_add(msg, data, len);
+	*ofs += len;
 	return 1;
 }
 
@@ -1504,8 +1378,9 @@
 
 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
-	struct msg_data all_msgs, msg;
-	struct store *ctx = NULL;
+	struct strbuf all_msgs = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct imap_store *ctx = NULL;
 	int ofs = 0;
 	int r;
 	int total, n = 0;
@@ -1537,7 +1412,12 @@
 	}
 
 	/* read the messages */
-	if (!read_message(stdin, &all_msgs)) {
+	if (read_message(stdin, &all_msgs)) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "error reading input\n");
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	if (all_msgs.len == 0) {
 		fprintf(stderr, "nothing to send\n");
 		return 1;
 	}
@@ -1559,6 +1439,7 @@
 	ctx->name = imap_folder;
 	while (1) {
 		unsigned percent = n * 100 / total;
+
 		fprintf(stderr, "%4u%% (%d/%d) done\r", percent, n, total);
 		if (!split_msg(&all_msgs, &msg, &ofs))
 			break;
diff --git a/kwset.c b/kwset.c
index 51b2ab6..5800999 100644
--- a/kwset.c
+++ b/kwset.c
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
    The author may be reached (Email) at the address mike@ai.mit.edu,
    or (US mail) as Mike Haertel c/o Free Software Foundation. */
 
-/* The algorithm implemented by these routines bears a startling resemblence
+/* The algorithm implemented by these routines bears a startling resemblance
    to one discovered by Beate Commentz-Walter, although it is not identical.
    See "A String Matching Algorithm Fast on the Average," Technical Report,
    IBM-Germany, Scientific Center Heidelberg, Tiergartenstrasse 15, D-6900
@@ -435,7 +435,7 @@
 	  /* Update the delta table for the descendents of this node. */
 	  treedelta(curr->links, curr->depth, delta);
 
-	  /* Compute the failure function for the decendents of this node. */
+	  /* Compute the failure function for the descendants of this node. */
 	  treefails(curr->links, curr->fail, kwset->trie);
 
 	  /* Update the shifts at each node in the current node's chain
diff --git a/ll-merge.c b/ll-merge.c
index f3f7692..fb61ea6 100644
--- a/ll-merge.c
+++ b/ll-merge.c
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
  */
 static int ll_binary_merge(const struct ll_merge_driver *drv_unused,
 			   mmbuffer_t *result,
-			   const char *path_unused,
+			   const char *path,
 			   mmfile_t *orig, const char *orig_name,
 			   mmfile_t *src1, const char *name1,
 			   mmfile_t *src2, const char *name2,
@@ -46,16 +46,34 @@
 	assert(opts);
 
 	/*
-	 * The tentative merge result is "ours" for the final round,
-	 * or common ancestor for an internal merge.  Still return
-	 * "conflicted merge" status.
+	 * The tentative merge result is the or common ancestor for an internal merge.
 	 */
-	stolen = opts->virtual_ancestor ? orig : src1;
+	if (opts->virtual_ancestor) {
+		stolen = orig;
+	} else {
+		switch (opts->variant) {
+		default:
+			warning("Cannot merge binary files: %s (%s vs. %s)",
+				path, name1, name2);
+			/* fallthru */
+		case XDL_MERGE_FAVOR_OURS:
+			stolen = src1;
+			break;
+		case XDL_MERGE_FAVOR_THEIRS:
+			stolen = src2;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
 
 	result->ptr = stolen->ptr;
 	result->size = stolen->size;
 	stolen->ptr = NULL;
-	return 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * With -Xtheirs or -Xours, we have cleanly merged;
+	 * otherwise we got a conflict.
+	 */
+	return (opts->variant ? 0 : 1);
 }
 
 static int ll_xdl_merge(const struct ll_merge_driver *drv_unused,
@@ -73,8 +91,6 @@
 	if (buffer_is_binary(orig->ptr, orig->size) ||
 	    buffer_is_binary(src1->ptr, src1->size) ||
 	    buffer_is_binary(src2->ptr, src2->size)) {
-		warning("Cannot merge binary files: %s (%s vs. %s)",
-			path, name1, name2);
 		return ll_binary_merge(drv_unused, result,
 				       path,
 				       orig, orig_name,
@@ -206,7 +222,7 @@
 static int read_merge_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
 	struct ll_merge_driver *fn;
-	const char *ep, *name;
+	const char *key, *name;
 	int namelen;
 
 	if (!strcmp(var, "merge.default")) {
@@ -220,15 +236,13 @@
 	 * especially, we do not want to look at variables such as
 	 * "merge.summary", "merge.tool", and "merge.verbosity".
 	 */
-	if (prefixcmp(var, "merge.") || (ep = strrchr(var, '.')) == var + 5)
+	if (parse_config_key(var, "merge", &name, &namelen, &key) < 0 || !name)
 		return 0;
 
 	/*
 	 * Find existing one as we might be processing merge.<name>.var2
 	 * after seeing merge.<name>.var1.
 	 */
-	name = var + 6;
-	namelen = ep - name;
 	for (fn = ll_user_merge; fn; fn = fn->next)
 		if (!strncmp(fn->name, name, namelen) && !fn->name[namelen])
 			break;
@@ -240,16 +254,14 @@
 		ll_user_merge_tail = &(fn->next);
 	}
 
-	ep++;
-
-	if (!strcmp("name", ep)) {
+	if (!strcmp("name", key)) {
 		if (!value)
 			return error("%s: lacks value", var);
 		fn->description = xstrdup(value);
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	if (!strcmp("driver", ep)) {
+	if (!strcmp("driver", key)) {
 		if (!value)
 			return error("%s: lacks value", var);
 		/*
@@ -273,7 +285,7 @@
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	if (!strcmp("recursive", ep)) {
+	if (!strcmp("recursive", key)) {
 		if (!value)
 			return error("%s: lacks value", var);
 		fn->recursive = xstrdup(value);
diff --git a/log-tree.c b/log-tree.c
index c894930..1946e9c 100644
--- a/log-tree.c
+++ b/log-tree.c
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "color.h"
 #include "gpg-interface.h"
+#include "sequencer.h"
 
 struct decoration name_decoration = { "object names" };
 
@@ -174,119 +175,52 @@
 	}
 }
 
-void show_decorations(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit)
+/*
+ * The caller makes sure there is no funny color before
+ * calling. format_decorations makes sure the same after return.
+ */
+void format_decorations(struct strbuf *sb,
+			const struct commit *commit,
+			int use_color)
 {
 	const char *prefix;
 	struct name_decoration *decoration;
 	const char *color_commit =
-		diff_get_color_opt(&opt->diffopt, DIFF_COMMIT);
+		diff_get_color(use_color, DIFF_COMMIT);
 	const char *color_reset =
-		decorate_get_color_opt(&opt->diffopt, DECORATION_NONE);
+		decorate_get_color(use_color, DECORATION_NONE);
 
-	if (opt->show_source && commit->util)
-		printf("\t%s", (char *) commit->util);
-	if (!opt->show_decorations)
-		return;
 	decoration = lookup_decoration(&name_decoration, &commit->object);
 	if (!decoration)
 		return;
 	prefix = " (";
 	while (decoration) {
-		printf("%s", prefix);
-		fputs(decorate_get_color_opt(&opt->diffopt, decoration->type),
-		      stdout);
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, color_commit);
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, prefix);
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, decorate_get_color(use_color, decoration->type));
 		if (decoration->type == DECORATION_REF_TAG)
-			fputs("tag: ", stdout);
-		printf("%s", decoration->name);
-		fputs(color_reset, stdout);
-		fputs(color_commit, stdout);
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, "tag: ");
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, decoration->name);
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, color_reset);
 		prefix = ", ";
 		decoration = decoration->next;
 	}
-	putchar(')');
+	strbuf_addstr(sb, color_commit);
+	strbuf_addch(sb, ')');
+	strbuf_addstr(sb, color_reset);
 }
 
-/*
- * Search for "^[-A-Za-z]+: [^@]+@" pattern. It usually matches
- * Signed-off-by: and Acked-by: lines.
- */
-static int detect_any_signoff(char *letter, int size)
+void show_decorations(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit)
 {
-	char *cp;
-	int seen_colon = 0;
-	int seen_at = 0;
-	int seen_name = 0;
-	int seen_head = 0;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-	cp = letter + size;
-	while (letter <= --cp && *cp == '\n')
-		continue;
-
-	while (letter <= cp) {
-		char ch = *cp--;
-		if (ch == '\n')
-			break;
-
-		if (!seen_at) {
-			if (ch == '@')
-				seen_at = 1;
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (!seen_colon) {
-			if (ch == '@')
-				return 0;
-			else if (ch == ':')
-				seen_colon = 1;
-			else
-				seen_name = 1;
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (('A' <= ch && ch <= 'Z') ||
-		    ('a' <= ch && ch <= 'z') ||
-		    ch == '-') {
-			seen_head = 1;
-			continue;
-		}
-		/* no empty last line doesn't match */
-		return 0;
-	}
-	return seen_head && seen_name;
-}
-
-static void append_signoff(struct strbuf *sb, const char *signoff)
-{
-	static const char signed_off_by[] = "Signed-off-by: ";
-	size_t signoff_len = strlen(signoff);
-	int has_signoff = 0;
-	char *cp;
-
-	cp = sb->buf;
-
-	/* First see if we already have the sign-off by the signer */
-	while ((cp = strstr(cp, signed_off_by))) {
-
-		has_signoff = 1;
-
-		cp += strlen(signed_off_by);
-		if (cp + signoff_len >= sb->buf + sb->len)
-			break;
-		if (strncmp(cp, signoff, signoff_len))
-			continue;
-		if (!isspace(cp[signoff_len]))
-			continue;
-		/* we already have him */
+	if (opt->show_source && commit->util)
+		printf("\t%s", (char *) commit->util);
+	if (!opt->show_decorations)
 		return;
-	}
-
-	if (!has_signoff)
-		has_signoff = detect_any_signoff(sb->buf, sb->len);
-
-	if (!has_signoff)
-		strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
-
-	strbuf_addstr(sb, signed_off_by);
-	strbuf_add(sb, signoff, signoff_len);
-	strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
+	format_decorations(&sb, commit, opt->diffopt.use_color);
+	fputs(sb.buf, stdout);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
 }
 
 static unsigned int digits_in_number(unsigned int number)
@@ -299,26 +233,34 @@
 	return result;
 }
 
-void get_patch_filename(struct commit *commit, const char *subject, int nr,
-			const char *suffix, struct strbuf *buf)
+void fmt_output_subject(struct strbuf *filename,
+			const char *subject,
+			struct rev_info *info)
 {
-	int suffix_len = strlen(suffix) + 1;
-	int start_len = buf->len;
+	const char *suffix = info->patch_suffix;
+	int nr = info->nr;
+	int start_len = filename->len;
+	int max_len = start_len + FORMAT_PATCH_NAME_MAX - (strlen(suffix) + 1);
 
-	strbuf_addf(buf, commit || subject ? "%04d-" : "%d", nr);
-	if (commit || subject) {
-		int max_len = start_len + FORMAT_PATCH_NAME_MAX - suffix_len;
-		struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
+	if (0 < info->reroll_count)
+		strbuf_addf(filename, "v%d-", info->reroll_count);
+	strbuf_addf(filename, "%04d-%s", nr, subject);
 
-		if (subject)
-			strbuf_addstr(buf, subject);
-		else if (commit)
-			format_commit_message(commit, "%f", buf, &ctx);
+	if (max_len < filename->len)
+		strbuf_setlen(filename, max_len);
+	strbuf_addstr(filename, suffix);
+}
 
-		if (max_len < buf->len)
-			strbuf_setlen(buf, max_len);
-		strbuf_addstr(buf, suffix);
-	}
+void fmt_output_commit(struct strbuf *filename,
+		       struct commit *commit,
+		       struct rev_info *info)
+{
+	struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
+	struct strbuf subject = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	format_commit_message(commit, "%f", &subject, &ctx);
+	fmt_output_subject(filename, subject.buf, info);
+	strbuf_release(&subject);
 }
 
 void log_write_email_headers(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit,
@@ -387,8 +329,10 @@
 			 mime_boundary_leader, opt->mime_boundary);
 		extra_headers = subject_buffer;
 
-		get_patch_filename(opt->numbered_files ? NULL : commit, NULL,
-				   opt->nr, opt->patch_suffix, &filename);
+		if (opt->numbered_files)
+			strbuf_addf(&filename, "%d", opt->nr);
+		else
+			fmt_output_commit(&filename, commit, opt);
 		snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer) - 1,
 			 "\n--%s%s\n"
 			 "Content-Type: text/x-patch;"
@@ -434,7 +378,7 @@
 
 	status = verify_signed_buffer(payload.buf, payload.len,
 				      signature.buf, signature.len,
-				      &gpg_output);
+				      &gpg_output, NULL);
 	if (status && !gpg_output.len)
 		strbuf_addstr(&gpg_output, "No signature\n");
 
@@ -498,20 +442,17 @@
 	gpg_message_offset = verify_message.len;
 
 	payload_size = parse_signature(extra->value, extra->len);
-	if ((extra->len <= payload_size) ||
-	    (verify_signed_buffer(extra->value, payload_size,
-				  extra->value + payload_size,
-				  extra->len - payload_size,
-				  &verify_message) &&
-	     verify_message.len <= gpg_message_offset)) {
-		strbuf_addstr(&verify_message, "No signature\n");
-		status = -1;
-	}
-	else if (strstr(verify_message.buf + gpg_message_offset,
-			": Good signature from "))
-		status = 0;
-	else
-		status = -1;
+	status = -1;
+	if (extra->len > payload_size)
+		if (verify_signed_buffer(extra->value, payload_size,
+					 extra->value + payload_size,
+					 extra->len - payload_size,
+					 &verify_message, NULL)) {
+			if (verify_message.len <= gpg_message_offset)
+				strbuf_addstr(&verify_message, "No signature\n");
+			else
+				status = 0;
+		}
 
 	show_sig_lines(opt, status, verify_message.buf);
 	strbuf_release(&verify_message);
@@ -540,7 +481,6 @@
 	struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
 
 	opt->loginfo = NULL;
-	ctx.show_notes = opt->show_notes;
 	if (!opt->verbose_header) {
 		graph_show_commit(opt->graph);
 
@@ -616,8 +556,8 @@
 			printf(" (from %s)",
 			       find_unique_abbrev(parent->object.sha1,
 						  abbrev_commit));
+		fputs(diff_get_color_opt(&opt->diffopt, DIFF_RESET), stdout);
 		show_decorations(opt, commit);
-		printf("%s", diff_get_color_opt(&opt->diffopt, DIFF_RESET));
 		if (opt->commit_format == CMIT_FMT_ONELINE) {
 			putchar(' ');
 		} else {
@@ -648,11 +588,25 @@
 	if (!commit->buffer)
 		return;
 
+	if (opt->show_notes) {
+		int raw;
+		struct strbuf notebuf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		raw = (opt->commit_format == CMIT_FMT_USERFORMAT);
+		format_display_notes(commit->object.sha1, &notebuf,
+				     get_log_output_encoding(), raw);
+		ctx.notes_message = notebuf.len
+			? strbuf_detach(&notebuf, NULL)
+			: xcalloc(1, 1);
+	}
+
 	/*
 	 * And then the pretty-printed message itself
 	 */
-	if (ctx.need_8bit_cte >= 0)
-		ctx.need_8bit_cte = has_non_ascii(opt->add_signoff);
+	if (ctx.need_8bit_cte >= 0 && opt->add_signoff)
+		ctx.need_8bit_cte =
+			has_non_ascii(fmt_name(getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_NAME"),
+					       getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL")));
 	ctx.date_mode = opt->date_mode;
 	ctx.date_mode_explicit = opt->date_mode_explicit;
 	ctx.abbrev = opt->diffopt.abbrev;
@@ -660,10 +614,22 @@
 	ctx.preserve_subject = opt->preserve_subject;
 	ctx.reflog_info = opt->reflog_info;
 	ctx.fmt = opt->commit_format;
+	ctx.mailmap = opt->mailmap;
+	ctx.color = opt->diffopt.use_color;
 	pretty_print_commit(&ctx, commit, &msgbuf);
 
 	if (opt->add_signoff)
-		append_signoff(&msgbuf, opt->add_signoff);
+		append_signoff(&msgbuf, 0, APPEND_SIGNOFF_DEDUP);
+
+	if ((ctx.fmt != CMIT_FMT_USERFORMAT) &&
+	    ctx.notes_message && *ctx.notes_message) {
+		if (ctx.fmt == CMIT_FMT_EMAIL) {
+			strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, "---\n");
+			opt->shown_dashes = 1;
+		}
+		strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, ctx.notes_message);
+	}
+
 	if (opt->show_log_size) {
 		printf("log size %i\n", (int)msgbuf.len);
 		graph_show_oneline(opt->graph);
@@ -689,10 +655,12 @@
 	}
 
 	strbuf_release(&msgbuf);
+	free(ctx.notes_message);
 }
 
 int log_tree_diff_flush(struct rev_info *opt)
 {
+	opt->shown_dashes = 0;
 	diffcore_std(&opt->diffopt);
 
 	if (diff_queue_is_empty()) {
@@ -704,15 +672,16 @@
 	}
 
 	if (opt->loginfo && !opt->no_commit_id) {
-		/* When showing a verbose header (i.e. log message),
-		 * and not in --pretty=oneline format, we would want
-		 * an extra newline between the end of log and the
-		 * output for readability.
-		 */
 		show_log(opt);
 		if ((opt->diffopt.output_format & ~DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT) &&
 		    opt->verbose_header &&
 		    opt->commit_format != CMIT_FMT_ONELINE) {
+			/*
+			 * When showing a verbose header (i.e. log message),
+			 * and not in --pretty=oneline format, we would want
+			 * an extra newline between the end of log and the
+			 * diff/diffstat output for readability.
+			 */
 			int pch = DIFF_FORMAT_DIFFSTAT | DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;
 			if (opt->diffopt.output_prefix) {
 				struct strbuf *msg = NULL;
@@ -720,9 +689,20 @@
 					opt->diffopt.output_prefix_data);
 				fwrite(msg->buf, msg->len, 1, stdout);
 			}
-			if ((pch & opt->diffopt.output_format) == pch) {
+
+			/*
+			 * We may have shown three-dashes line early
+			 * between notes and the log message, in which
+			 * case we only want a blank line after the
+			 * notes without (an extra) three-dashes line.
+			 * Otherwise, we show the three-dashes line if
+			 * we are showing the patch with diffstat, but
+			 * in that case, there is no extra blank line
+			 * after the three-dashes line.
+			 */
+			if (!opt->shown_dashes &&
+			    (pch & opt->diffopt.output_format) == pch)
 				printf("---");
-			}
 			putchar('\n');
 		}
 	}
@@ -745,11 +725,14 @@
 {
 	int showed_log;
 	struct commit_list *parents;
-	unsigned const char *sha1 = commit->object.sha1;
+	unsigned const char *sha1;
 
 	if (!opt->diff && !DIFF_OPT_TST(&opt->diffopt, EXIT_WITH_STATUS))
 		return 0;
 
+	parse_commit(commit);
+	sha1 = commit->tree->object.sha1;
+
 	/* Root commit? */
 	parents = commit->parents;
 	if (!parents) {
@@ -772,7 +755,9 @@
 			 * parent, showing summary diff of the others
 			 * we merged _in_.
 			 */
-			diff_tree_sha1(parents->item->object.sha1, sha1, "", &opt->diffopt);
+			parse_commit(parents->item);
+			diff_tree_sha1(parents->item->tree->object.sha1,
+				       sha1, "", &opt->diffopt);
 			log_tree_diff_flush(opt);
 			return !opt->loginfo;
 		}
@@ -785,7 +770,9 @@
 	for (;;) {
 		struct commit *parent = parents->item;
 
-		diff_tree_sha1(parent->object.sha1, sha1, "", &opt->diffopt);
+		parse_commit(parent);
+		diff_tree_sha1(parent->tree->object.sha1,
+			       sha1, "", &opt->diffopt);
 		log_tree_diff_flush(opt);
 
 		showed_log |= !opt->loginfo;
diff --git a/log-tree.h b/log-tree.h
index f5ac238..d6ecd4d 100644
--- a/log-tree.h
+++ b/log-tree.h
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 int log_tree_commit(struct rev_info *, struct commit *);
 int log_tree_opt_parse(struct rev_info *, const char **, int);
 void show_log(struct rev_info *opt);
+void format_decorations(struct strbuf *sb, const struct commit *commit, int use_color);
 void show_decorations(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit);
 void log_write_email_headers(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit,
 			     const char **subject_p,
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@
 void load_ref_decorations(int flags);
 
 #define FORMAT_PATCH_NAME_MAX 64
-void get_patch_filename(struct commit *commit, const char *subject, int nr,
-			const char *suffix, struct strbuf *buf);
+void fmt_output_commit(struct strbuf *, struct commit *, struct rev_info *);
+void fmt_output_subject(struct strbuf *, const char *subject, struct rev_info *);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/mailmap.c b/mailmap.c
index 47aa419..2a7b366 100644
--- a/mailmap.c
+++ b/mailmap.c
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #endif
 
 const char *git_mailmap_file;
+const char *git_mailmap_blob;
 
 struct mailmap_info {
 	char *name;
@@ -118,7 +119,7 @@
 	while (isspace(*nstart) && nstart < left)
 		++nstart;
 	nend = left-1;
-	while (isspace(*nend) && nend > nstart)
+	while (nend > nstart && isspace(*nend))
 		--nend;
 
 	*name = (nstart < nend ? nstart : NULL);
@@ -129,54 +130,120 @@
 	return (*right == '\0' ? NULL : right);
 }
 
-static int read_single_mailmap(struct string_list *map, const char *filename, char **repo_abbrev)
+static void read_mailmap_line(struct string_list *map, char *buffer,
+			      char **repo_abbrev)
+{
+	char *name1 = NULL, *email1 = NULL, *name2 = NULL, *email2 = NULL;
+	if (buffer[0] == '#') {
+		static const char abbrev[] = "# repo-abbrev:";
+		int abblen = sizeof(abbrev) - 1;
+		int len = strlen(buffer);
+
+		if (!repo_abbrev)
+			return;
+
+		if (len && buffer[len - 1] == '\n')
+			buffer[--len] = 0;
+		if (!strncmp(buffer, abbrev, abblen)) {
+			char *cp;
+
+			if (repo_abbrev)
+				free(*repo_abbrev);
+			*repo_abbrev = xmalloc(len);
+
+			for (cp = buffer + abblen; isspace(*cp); cp++)
+				; /* nothing */
+			strcpy(*repo_abbrev, cp);
+		}
+		return;
+	}
+	if ((name2 = parse_name_and_email(buffer, &name1, &email1, 0)) != NULL)
+		parse_name_and_email(name2, &name2, &email2, 1);
+
+	if (email1)
+		add_mapping(map, name1, email1, name2, email2);
+}
+
+static int read_mailmap_file(struct string_list *map, const char *filename,
+			     char **repo_abbrev)
 {
 	char buffer[1024];
-	FILE *f = (filename == NULL ? NULL : fopen(filename, "r"));
+	FILE *f;
 
-	if (f == NULL)
-		return 1;
-	while (fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), f) != NULL) {
-		char *name1 = NULL, *email1 = NULL, *name2 = NULL, *email2 = NULL;
-		if (buffer[0] == '#') {
-			static const char abbrev[] = "# repo-abbrev:";
-			int abblen = sizeof(abbrev) - 1;
-			int len = strlen(buffer);
+	if (!filename)
+		return 0;
 
-			if (!repo_abbrev)
-				continue;
-
-			if (len && buffer[len - 1] == '\n')
-				buffer[--len] = 0;
-			if (!strncmp(buffer, abbrev, abblen)) {
-				char *cp;
-
-				if (repo_abbrev)
-					free(*repo_abbrev);
-				*repo_abbrev = xmalloc(len);
-
-				for (cp = buffer + abblen; isspace(*cp); cp++)
-					; /* nothing */
-				strcpy(*repo_abbrev, cp);
-			}
-			continue;
-		}
-		if ((name2 = parse_name_and_email(buffer, &name1, &email1, 0)) != NULL)
-			parse_name_and_email(name2, &name2, &email2, 1);
-
-		if (email1)
-			add_mapping(map, name1, email1, name2, email2);
+	f = fopen(filename, "r");
+	if (!f) {
+		if (errno == ENOENT)
+			return 0;
+		return error("unable to open mailmap at %s: %s",
+			     filename, strerror(errno));
 	}
+
+	while (fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), f) != NULL)
+		read_mailmap_line(map, buffer, repo_abbrev);
 	fclose(f);
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static void read_mailmap_buf(struct string_list *map,
+			     const char *buf, unsigned long len,
+			     char **repo_abbrev)
+{
+	while (len) {
+		const char *end = strchrnul(buf, '\n');
+		unsigned long linelen = end - buf + 1;
+		char *line = xmemdupz(buf, linelen);
+
+		read_mailmap_line(map, line, repo_abbrev);
+
+		free(line);
+		buf += linelen;
+		len -= linelen;
+	}
+}
+
+static int read_mailmap_blob(struct string_list *map,
+			     const char *name,
+			     char **repo_abbrev)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	char *buf;
+	unsigned long size;
+	enum object_type type;
+
+	if (!name)
+		return 0;
+	if (get_sha1(name, sha1) < 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	buf = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
+	if (!buf)
+		return error("unable to read mailmap object at %s", name);
+	if (type != OBJ_BLOB)
+		return error("mailmap is not a blob: %s", name);
+
+	read_mailmap_buf(map, buf, size, repo_abbrev);
+
+	free(buf);
+	return 0;
+}
+
 int read_mailmap(struct string_list *map, char **repo_abbrev)
 {
+	int err = 0;
+
 	map->strdup_strings = 1;
-	/* each failure returns 1, so >1 means both calls failed */
-	return read_single_mailmap(map, ".mailmap", repo_abbrev) +
-	       read_single_mailmap(map, git_mailmap_file, repo_abbrev) > 1;
+	map->cmp = strcasecmp;
+
+	if (!git_mailmap_blob && is_bare_repository())
+		git_mailmap_blob = "HEAD:.mailmap";
+
+	err |= read_mailmap_file(map, ".mailmap", repo_abbrev);
+	err |= read_mailmap_blob(map, git_mailmap_blob, repo_abbrev);
+	err |= read_mailmap_file(map, git_mailmap_file, repo_abbrev);
+	return err;
 }
 
 void clear_mailmap(struct string_list *map)
@@ -187,60 +254,95 @@
 	debug_mm("mailmap: cleared\n");
 }
 
-int map_user(struct string_list *map,
-	     char *email, int maxlen_email, char *name, int maxlen_name)
+/*
+ * Look for an entry in map that match string[0:len]; string[len]
+ * does not have to be NUL (but it could be).
+ */
+static struct string_list_item *lookup_prefix(struct string_list *map,
+					      const char *string, size_t len)
 {
-	char *end_of_email;
+	int i = string_list_find_insert_index(map, string, 1);
+	if (i < 0) {
+		/* exact match */
+		i = -1 - i;
+		if (!string[len])
+			return &map->items[i];
+		/*
+		 * that map entry matches exactly to the string, including
+		 * the cruft at the end beyond "len".  That is not a match
+		 * with string[0:len] that we are looking for.
+		 */
+	} else if (!string[len]) {
+		/*
+		 * asked with the whole string, and got nothing.  No
+		 * matching entry can exist in the map.
+		 */
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * i is at the exact match to an overlong key, or location the
+	 * overlong key would be inserted, which must come after the
+	 * real location of the key if one exists.
+	 */
+	while (0 <= --i && i < map->nr) {
+		int cmp = strncasecmp(map->items[i].string, string, len);
+		if (cmp < 0)
+			/*
+			 * "i" points at a key definitely below the prefix;
+			 * the map does not have string[0:len] in it.
+			 */
+			break;
+		else if (!cmp && !map->items[i].string[len])
+			/* found it */
+			return &map->items[i];
+		/*
+		 * otherwise, the string at "i" may be string[0:len]
+		 * followed by a string that sorts later than string[len:];
+		 * keep trying.
+		 */
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+int map_user(struct string_list *map,
+			 const char **email, size_t *emaillen,
+			 const char **name, size_t *namelen)
+{
 	struct string_list_item *item;
 	struct mailmap_entry *me;
-	char buf[1024], *mailbuf;
-	int i;
 
-	/* figure out space requirement for email */
-	end_of_email = strchr(email, '>');
-	if (!end_of_email) {
-		/* email passed in might not be wrapped in <>, but end with a \0 */
-		end_of_email = memchr(email, '\0', maxlen_email);
-		if (!end_of_email)
-			return 0;
-	}
-	if (end_of_email - email + 1 < sizeof(buf))
-		mailbuf = buf;
-	else
-		mailbuf = xmalloc(end_of_email - email + 1);
+	debug_mm("map_user: map '%.*s' <%.*s>\n",
+		 *name, *namelen, *emaillen, *email);
 
-	/* downcase the email address */
-	for (i = 0; i < end_of_email - email; i++)
-		mailbuf[i] = tolower(email[i]);
-	mailbuf[i] = 0;
-
-	debug_mm("map_user: map '%s' <%s>\n", name, mailbuf);
-	item = string_list_lookup(map, mailbuf);
+	item = lookup_prefix(map, *email, *emaillen);
 	if (item != NULL) {
 		me = (struct mailmap_entry *)item->util;
 		if (me->namemap.nr) {
 			/* The item has multiple items, so we'll look up on name too */
 			/* If the name is not found, we choose the simple entry      */
-			struct string_list_item *subitem = string_list_lookup(&me->namemap, name);
+			struct string_list_item *subitem;
+			subitem = lookup_prefix(&me->namemap, *name, *namelen);
 			if (subitem)
 				item = subitem;
 		}
 	}
-	if (mailbuf != buf)
-		free(mailbuf);
 	if (item != NULL) {
 		struct mailmap_info *mi = (struct mailmap_info *)item->util;
-		if (mi->name == NULL && (mi->email == NULL || maxlen_email == 0)) {
+		if (mi->name == NULL && mi->email == NULL) {
 			debug_mm("map_user:  -- (no simple mapping)\n");
 			return 0;
 		}
-		if (maxlen_email && mi->email)
-			strlcpy(email, mi->email, maxlen_email);
-		else
-			*end_of_email = '\0';
-		if (maxlen_name && mi->name)
-			strlcpy(name, mi->name, maxlen_name);
-		debug_mm("map_user:  to '%s' <%s>\n", name, mi->email ? mi->email : "");
+		if (mi->email) {
+				*email = mi->email;
+				*emaillen = strlen(*email);
+		}
+		if (mi->name) {
+				*name = mi->name;
+				*namelen = strlen(*name);
+		}
+		debug_mm("map_user:  to '%.*s' <.*%s>\n", *namelen, *name,
+				 *emaillen, *email);
 		return 1;
 	}
 	debug_mm("map_user:  --\n");
diff --git a/mailmap.h b/mailmap.h
index d5c3664..ed7c93b 100644
--- a/mailmap.h
+++ b/mailmap.h
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 int read_mailmap(struct string_list *map, char **repo_abbrev);
 void clear_mailmap(struct string_list *map);
 
-int map_user(struct string_list *mailmap,
-	     char *email, int maxlen_email, char *name, int maxlen_name);
+int map_user(struct string_list *map,
+			 const char **email, size_t *emaillen, const char **name, size_t *namelen);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/match-trees.c b/match-trees.c
index 26f7ed1..2bb734d 100644
--- a/match-trees.c
+++ b/match-trees.c
@@ -47,6 +47,13 @@
 	return score;
 }
 
+static int base_name_entries_compare(const struct name_entry *a,
+				     const struct name_entry *b)
+{
+	return base_name_compare(a->path, tree_entry_len(a), a->mode,
+				 b->path, tree_entry_len(b), b->mode);
+}
+
 /*
  * Inspect two trees, and give a score that tells how similar they are.
  */
@@ -71,54 +78,35 @@
 	if (type != OBJ_TREE)
 		die("%s is not a tree", sha1_to_hex(hash2));
 	init_tree_desc(&two, two_buf, size);
-	while (one.size | two.size) {
-		const unsigned char *elem1 = elem1;
-		const unsigned char *elem2 = elem2;
-		const char *path1 = path1;
-		const char *path2 = path2;
-		unsigned mode1 = mode1;
-		unsigned mode2 = mode2;
+	for (;;) {
+		struct name_entry e1, e2;
+		int got_entry_from_one = tree_entry(&one, &e1);
+		int got_entry_from_two = tree_entry(&two, &e2);
 		int cmp;
 
-		if (one.size)
-			elem1 = tree_entry_extract(&one, &path1, &mode1);
-		if (two.size)
-			elem2 = tree_entry_extract(&two, &path2, &mode2);
-
-		if (!one.size) {
-			/* two has more entries */
-			score += score_missing(mode2, path2);
-			update_tree_entry(&two);
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (!two.size) {
+		if (got_entry_from_one && got_entry_from_two)
+			cmp = base_name_entries_compare(&e1, &e2);
+		else if (got_entry_from_one)
 			/* two lacks this entry */
-			score += score_missing(mode1, path1);
-			update_tree_entry(&one);
-			continue;
-		}
-		cmp = base_name_compare(path1, strlen(path1), mode1,
-					path2, strlen(path2), mode2);
-		if (cmp < 0) {
+			cmp = -1;
+		else if (got_entry_from_two)
+			/* two has more entries */
+			cmp = 1;
+		else
+			break;
+
+		if (cmp < 0)
 			/* path1 does not appear in two */
-			score += score_missing(mode1, path1);
-			update_tree_entry(&one);
-			continue;
-		}
-		else if (cmp > 0) {
+			score += score_missing(e1.mode, e1.path);
+		else if (cmp > 0)
 			/* path2 does not appear in one */
-			score += score_missing(mode2, path2);
-			update_tree_entry(&two);
-			continue;
-		}
-		else if (hashcmp(elem1, elem2))
+			score += score_missing(e2.mode, e2.path);
+		else if (hashcmp(e1.sha1, e2.sha1))
 			/* they are different */
-			score += score_differs(mode1, mode2, path1);
+			score += score_differs(e1.mode, e2.mode, e1.path);
 		else
 			/* same subtree or blob */
-			score += score_matches(mode1, mode2, path1);
-		update_tree_entry(&one);
-		update_tree_entry(&two);
+			score += score_matches(e1.mode, e2.mode, e1.path);
 	}
 	free(one_buf);
 	free(two_buf);
diff --git a/merge-file.c b/merge-blobs.c
similarity index 94%
rename from merge-file.c
rename to merge-blobs.c
index 7845528..57211bc 100644
--- a/merge-file.c
+++ b/merge-blobs.c
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #include "xdiff-interface.h"
 #include "ll-merge.h"
 #include "blob.h"
-#include "merge-file.h"
+#include "merge-blobs.h"
 
 static int fill_mmfile_blob(mmfile_t *f, struct blob *obj)
 {
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
 	return xdi_diff(f1, f2, &xpp, &xecfg, &ecb);
 }
 
-void *merge_file(const char *path, struct blob *base, struct blob *our, struct blob *their, unsigned long *size)
+void *merge_blobs(const char *path, struct blob *base, struct blob *our, struct blob *their, unsigned long *size)
 {
 	void *res = NULL;
 	mmfile_t f1, f2, common;
diff --git a/merge-blobs.h b/merge-blobs.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..62b569e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/merge-blobs.h
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#ifndef MERGE_BLOBS_H
+#define MERGE_BLOBS_H
+
+#include "blob.h"
+
+extern void *merge_blobs(const char *, struct blob *, struct blob *, struct blob *, unsigned long *);
+
+#endif /* MERGE_BLOBS_H */
diff --git a/merge-file.h b/merge-file.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 9b3b83a..0000000
--- a/merge-file.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef MERGE_FILE_H
-#define MERGE_FILE_H
-
-extern void *merge_file(const char *path, struct blob *base, struct blob *our,
-			struct blob *their, unsigned long *size);
-
-#endif
diff --git a/merge-recursive.c b/merge-recursive.c
index 680937c..ea9dbd3 100644
--- a/merge-recursive.c
+++ b/merge-recursive.c
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@
 	else {
 		printf("%s ", find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
 		if (parse_commit(commit) != 0)
-			printf("(bad commit)\n");
+			printf(_("(bad commit)\n"));
 		else {
 			const char *title;
 			int len = find_commit_subject(commit->buffer, &title);
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@
 	struct cache_entry *ce;
 	ce = make_cache_entry(mode, sha1 ? sha1 : null_sha1, path, stage, refresh);
 	if (!ce)
-		return error("addinfo_cache failed for path '%s'", path);
+		return error(_("addinfo_cache failed for path '%s'"), path);
 	return add_cache_entry(ce, options);
 }
 
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@
 	if (!cache_tree_fully_valid(active_cache_tree) &&
 	    cache_tree_update(active_cache_tree,
 			      active_cache, active_nr, 0) < 0)
-		die("error building trees");
+		die(_("error building trees"));
 
 	result = lookup_tree(active_cache_tree->sha1);
 
@@ -493,8 +493,7 @@
 	opts.rename_score = o->rename_score;
 	opts.show_rename_progress = o->show_rename_progress;
 	opts.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
-	if (diff_setup_done(&opts) < 0)
-		die("diff setup failed");
+	diff_setup_done(&opts);
 	diff_tree_sha1(o_tree->object.sha1, tree->object.sha1, "", &opts);
 	diffcore_std(&opts);
 	if (opts.needed_rename_limit > o->needed_rename_limit)
@@ -614,23 +613,6 @@
 	return newpath;
 }
 
-static void flush_buffer(int fd, const char *buf, unsigned long size)
-{
-	while (size > 0) {
-		long ret = write_in_full(fd, buf, size);
-		if (ret < 0) {
-			/* Ignore epipe */
-			if (errno == EPIPE)
-				break;
-			die_errno("merge-recursive");
-		} else if (!ret) {
-			die("merge-recursive: disk full?");
-		}
-		size -= ret;
-		buf += ret;
-	}
-}
-
 static int dir_in_way(const char *path, int check_working_copy)
 {
 	int pos, pathlen = strlen(path);
@@ -687,7 +669,7 @@
 static int make_room_for_path(struct merge_options *o, const char *path)
 {
 	int status, i;
-	const char *msg = "failed to create path '%s'%s";
+	const char *msg = _("failed to create path '%s'%s");
 
 	/* Unlink any D/F conflict files that are in the way */
 	for (i = 0; i < o->df_conflict_file_set.nr; i++) {
@@ -698,7 +680,7 @@
 		    path[df_pathlen] == '/' &&
 		    strncmp(path, df_path, df_pathlen) == 0) {
 			output(o, 3,
-			       "Removing %s to make room for subdirectory\n",
+			       _("Removing %s to make room for subdirectory\n"),
 			       df_path);
 			unlink(df_path);
 			unsorted_string_list_delete_item(&o->df_conflict_file_set,
@@ -712,7 +694,7 @@
 	if (status) {
 		if (status == -3) {
 			/* something else exists */
-			error(msg, path, ": perhaps a D/F conflict?");
+			error(msg, path, _(": perhaps a D/F conflict?"));
 			return -1;
 		}
 		die(msg, path, "");
@@ -723,7 +705,7 @@
 	 * tracking it.
 	 */
 	if (would_lose_untracked(path))
-		return error("refusing to lose untracked file at '%s'",
+		return error(_("refusing to lose untracked file at '%s'"),
 			     path);
 
 	/* Successful unlink is good.. */
@@ -733,7 +715,7 @@
 	if (errno == ENOENT)
 		return 0;
 	/* .. but not some other error (who really cares what?) */
-	return error(msg, path, ": perhaps a D/F conflict?");
+	return error(msg, path, _(": perhaps a D/F conflict?"));
 }
 
 static void update_file_flags(struct merge_options *o,
@@ -763,9 +745,9 @@
 
 		buf = read_sha1_file(sha, &type, &size);
 		if (!buf)
-			die("cannot read object %s '%s'", sha1_to_hex(sha), path);
+			die(_("cannot read object %s '%s'"), sha1_to_hex(sha), path);
 		if (type != OBJ_BLOB)
-			die("blob expected for %s '%s'", sha1_to_hex(sha), path);
+			die(_("blob expected for %s '%s'"), sha1_to_hex(sha), path);
 		if (S_ISREG(mode)) {
 			struct strbuf strbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 			if (convert_to_working_tree(path, buf, size, &strbuf)) {
@@ -788,18 +770,18 @@
 				mode = 0666;
 			fd = open(path, O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC | O_CREAT, mode);
 			if (fd < 0)
-				die_errno("failed to open '%s'", path);
-			flush_buffer(fd, buf, size);
+				die_errno(_("failed to open '%s'"), path);
+			write_in_full(fd, buf, size);
 			close(fd);
 		} else if (S_ISLNK(mode)) {
 			char *lnk = xmemdupz(buf, size);
 			safe_create_leading_directories_const(path);
 			unlink(path);
 			if (symlink(lnk, path))
-				die_errno("failed to symlink '%s'", path);
+				die_errno(_("failed to symlink '%s'"), path);
 			free(lnk);
 		} else
-			die("do not know what to do with %06o %s '%s'",
+			die(_("do not know what to do with %06o %s '%s'"),
 			    mode, sha1_to_hex(sha), path);
 		free(buf);
 	}
@@ -862,14 +844,14 @@
 	if (strcmp(a->path, b->path) ||
 	    (o->ancestor != NULL && strcmp(a->path, one->path) != 0)) {
 		base_name = o->ancestor == NULL ? NULL :
-			xstrdup(mkpath("%s:%s", o->ancestor, one->path));
-		name1 = xstrdup(mkpath("%s:%s", branch1, a->path));
-		name2 = xstrdup(mkpath("%s:%s", branch2, b->path));
+			mkpathdup("%s:%s", o->ancestor, one->path);
+		name1 = mkpathdup("%s:%s", branch1, a->path);
+		name2 = mkpathdup("%s:%s", branch2, b->path);
 	} else {
 		base_name = o->ancestor == NULL ? NULL :
-			xstrdup(mkpath("%s", o->ancestor));
-		name1 = xstrdup(mkpath("%s", branch1));
-		name2 = xstrdup(mkpath("%s", branch2));
+			mkpathdup("%s", o->ancestor);
+		name1 = mkpathdup("%s", branch1);
+		name2 = mkpathdup("%s", branch2);
 	}
 
 	read_mmblob(&orig, one->sha1);
@@ -879,6 +861,7 @@
 	merge_status = ll_merge(result_buf, a->path, &orig, base_name,
 				&src1, name1, &src2, name2, &ll_opts);
 
+	free(base_name);
 	free(name1);
 	free(name2);
 	free(orig.ptr);
@@ -936,11 +919,11 @@
 						  branch1, branch2);
 
 			if ((merge_status < 0) || !result_buf.ptr)
-				die("Failed to execute internal merge");
+				die(_("Failed to execute internal merge"));
 
 			if (write_sha1_file(result_buf.ptr, result_buf.size,
 					    blob_type, result.sha))
-				die("Unable to add %s to database",
+				die(_("Unable to add %s to database"),
 				    a->path);
 
 			free(result_buf.ptr);
@@ -956,7 +939,7 @@
 			if (!sha_eq(a->sha1, b->sha1))
 				result.clean = 0;
 		} else {
-			die("unsupported object type in the tree");
+			die(_("unsupported object type in the tree"));
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -993,7 +976,7 @@
 	return mfi;
 }
 
-static struct merge_file_info merge_file(struct merge_options *o,
+static struct merge_file_info merge_file_one(struct merge_options *o,
 					 const char *path,
 					 const unsigned char *o_sha, int o_mode,
 					 const unsigned char *a_sha, int a_mode,
@@ -1034,22 +1017,32 @@
 		remove_file_from_cache(path);
 		update_file(o, 0, o_sha, o_mode, renamed ? renamed : path);
 	} else if (!a_sha) {
-		output(o, 1, "CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s "
-		       "and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left in tree%s%s.",
-		       change, path, o->branch1,
-		       change_past, o->branch2, o->branch2, path,
-		       NULL == renamed ? "" : " at ",
-		       NULL == renamed ? "" : renamed);
-		update_file(o, 0, b_sha, b_mode, renamed ? renamed : path);
+		if (!renamed) {
+			output(o, 1, _("CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s "
+			       "and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left in tree."),
+			       change, path, o->branch1, change_past,
+			       o->branch2, o->branch2, path);
+			update_file(o, 0, b_sha, b_mode, path);
+		} else {
+			output(o, 1, _("CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s "
+			       "and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left in tree at %s."),
+			       change, path, o->branch1, change_past,
+			       o->branch2, o->branch2, path, renamed);
+			update_file(o, 0, b_sha, b_mode, renamed);
+		}
 	} else {
-		output(o, 1, "CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s "
-		       "and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left in tree%s%s.",
-		       change, path, o->branch2,
-		       change_past, o->branch1, o->branch1, path,
-		       NULL == renamed ? "" : " at ",
-		       NULL == renamed ? "" : renamed);
-		if (renamed)
+		if (!renamed) {
+			output(o, 1, _("CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s "
+			       "and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left in tree."),
+			       change, path, o->branch2, change_past,
+			       o->branch1, o->branch1, path);
+		} else {
+			output(o, 1, _("CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s "
+			       "and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left in tree at %s."),
+			       change, path, o->branch2, change_past,
+			       o->branch1, o->branch1, path, renamed);
 			update_file(o, 0, a_sha, a_mode, renamed);
+		}
 		/*
 		 * No need to call update_file() on path when !renamed, since
 		 * that would needlessly touch path.  We could call
@@ -1085,7 +1078,7 @@
 			     orig->sha1, orig->mode,
 			     a_sha, a_mode,
 			     b_sha, b_mode,
-			     "rename", "renamed");
+			     _("rename"), _("renamed"));
 
 	if (o->call_depth) {
 		remove_file_from_cache(dest->path);
@@ -1141,7 +1134,7 @@
 	} else {
 		if (dir_in_way(rename->path, !o->call_depth)) {
 			dst_name = unique_path(o, rename->path, cur_branch);
-			output(o, 1, "%s is a directory in %s adding as %s instead",
+			output(o, 1, _("%s is a directory in %s adding as %s instead"),
 			       rename->path, other_branch, dst_name);
 		}
 	}
@@ -1163,17 +1156,17 @@
 	struct diff_filespec *a = ci->pair1->two;
 	struct diff_filespec *b = ci->pair2->two;
 
-	output(o, 1, "CONFLICT (rename/rename): "
+	output(o, 1, _("CONFLICT (rename/rename): "
 	       "Rename \"%s\"->\"%s\" in branch \"%s\" "
-	       "rename \"%s\"->\"%s\" in \"%s\"%s",
+	       "rename \"%s\"->\"%s\" in \"%s\"%s"),
 	       one->path, a->path, ci->branch1,
 	       one->path, b->path, ci->branch2,
-	       o->call_depth ? " (left unresolved)" : "");
+	       o->call_depth ? _(" (left unresolved)") : "");
 	if (o->call_depth) {
 		struct merge_file_info mfi;
 		struct diff_filespec other;
 		struct diff_filespec *add;
-		mfi = merge_file(o, one->path,
+		mfi = merge_file_one(o, one->path,
 				 one->sha1, one->mode,
 				 a->sha1, a->mode,
 				 b->sha1, b->mode,
@@ -1222,9 +1215,9 @@
 	struct merge_file_info mfi_c1;
 	struct merge_file_info mfi_c2;
 
-	output(o, 1, "CONFLICT (rename/rename): "
+	output(o, 1, _("CONFLICT (rename/rename): "
 	       "Rename %s->%s in %s. "
-	       "Rename %s->%s in %s",
+	       "Rename %s->%s in %s"),
 	       a->path, c1->path, ci->branch1,
 	       b->path, c2->path, ci->branch2);
 
@@ -1252,7 +1245,7 @@
 	} else {
 		char *new_path1 = unique_path(o, path, ci->branch1);
 		char *new_path2 = unique_path(o, path, ci->branch2);
-		output(o, 1, "Renaming %s to %s and %s to %s instead",
+		output(o, 1, _("Renaming %s to %s and %s to %s instead"),
 		       a->path, new_path1, b->path, new_path2);
 		remove_file(o, 0, path, 0);
 		update_file(o, 0, mfi_c1.sha, mfi_c1.mode, new_path1);
@@ -1451,22 +1444,22 @@
 			} else if (!sha_eq(dst_other.sha1, null_sha1)) {
 				clean_merge = 0;
 				try_merge = 1;
-				output(o, 1, "CONFLICT (rename/add): Rename %s->%s in %s. "
-				       "%s added in %s",
+				output(o, 1, _("CONFLICT (rename/add): Rename %s->%s in %s. "
+				       "%s added in %s"),
 				       ren1_src, ren1_dst, branch1,
 				       ren1_dst, branch2);
 				if (o->call_depth) {
 					struct merge_file_info mfi;
-					mfi = merge_file(o, ren1_dst, null_sha1, 0,
+					mfi = merge_file_one(o, ren1_dst, null_sha1, 0,
 							 ren1->pair->two->sha1, ren1->pair->two->mode,
 							 dst_other.sha1, dst_other.mode,
 							 branch1, branch2);
-					output(o, 1, "Adding merged %s", ren1_dst);
+					output(o, 1, _("Adding merged %s"), ren1_dst);
 					update_file(o, 0, mfi.sha, mfi.mode, ren1_dst);
 					try_merge = 0;
 				} else {
 					char *new_path = unique_path(o, ren1_dst, branch2);
-					output(o, 1, "Adding as %s instead", new_path);
+					output(o, 1, _("Adding as %s instead"), new_path);
 					update_file(o, 0, dst_other.sha1, dst_other.mode, new_path);
 					free(new_path);
 				}
@@ -1517,10 +1510,10 @@
 	unsigned long size;
 	buf = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
 	if (!buf)
-		return error("cannot read object %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		return error(_("cannot read object %s"), sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 	if (type != OBJ_BLOB) {
 		free(buf);
-		return error("object %s is not a blob", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		return error(_("object %s is not a blob"), sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 	}
 	strbuf_attach(dst, buf, size, size + 1);
 	return 0;
@@ -1568,7 +1561,7 @@
 			     o_sha, o_mode,
 			     a_sha, a_mode,
 			     b_sha, b_mode,
-			     "modify", "modified");
+			     _("modify"), _("modified"));
 }
 
 static int merge_content(struct merge_options *o,
@@ -1578,14 +1571,14 @@
 			 unsigned char *b_sha, int b_mode,
 			 struct rename_conflict_info *rename_conflict_info)
 {
-	const char *reason = "content";
+	const char *reason = _("content");
 	const char *path1 = NULL, *path2 = NULL;
 	struct merge_file_info mfi;
 	struct diff_filespec one, a, b;
 	unsigned df_conflict_remains = 0;
 
 	if (!o_sha) {
-		reason = "add/add";
+		reason = _("add/add");
 		o_sha = (unsigned char *)null_sha1;
 	}
 	one.path = a.path = b.path = (char *)path;
@@ -1619,7 +1612,7 @@
 	if (mfi.clean && !df_conflict_remains &&
 	    sha_eq(mfi.sha, a_sha) && mfi.mode == a_mode) {
 		int path_renamed_outside_HEAD;
-		output(o, 3, "Skipped %s (merged same as existing)", path);
+		output(o, 3, _("Skipped %s (merged same as existing)"), path);
 		/*
 		 * The content merge resulted in the same file contents we
 		 * already had.  We can return early if those file contents
@@ -1633,12 +1626,12 @@
 			return mfi.clean;
 		}
 	} else
-		output(o, 2, "Auto-merging %s", path);
+		output(o, 2, _("Auto-merging %s"), path);
 
 	if (!mfi.clean) {
 		if (S_ISGITLINK(mfi.mode))
-			reason = "submodule";
-		output(o, 1, "CONFLICT (%s): Merge conflict in %s",
+			reason = _("submodule");
+		output(o, 1, _("CONFLICT (%s): Merge conflict in %s"),
 				reason, path);
 		if (rename_conflict_info && !df_conflict_remains)
 			update_stages(path, &one, &a, &b);
@@ -1664,7 +1657,7 @@
 
 		}
 		new_path = unique_path(o, path, rename_conflict_info->branch1);
-		output(o, 1, "Adding as %s instead", new_path);
+		output(o, 1, _("Adding as %s instead"), new_path);
 		update_file(o, 0, mfi.sha, mfi.mode, new_path);
 		free(new_path);
 		mfi.clean = 0;
@@ -1728,7 +1721,7 @@
 			/* Deleted in both or deleted in one and
 			 * unchanged in the other */
 			if (a_sha)
-				output(o, 2, "Removing %s", path);
+				output(o, 2, _("Removing %s"), path);
 			/* do not touch working file if it did not exist */
 			remove_file(o, 1, path, !a_sha);
 		} else {
@@ -1753,19 +1746,19 @@
 			other_branch = o->branch2;
 			mode = a_mode;
 			sha = a_sha;
-			conf = "file/directory";
+			conf = _("file/directory");
 		} else {
 			add_branch = o->branch2;
 			other_branch = o->branch1;
 			mode = b_mode;
 			sha = b_sha;
-			conf = "directory/file";
+			conf = _("directory/file");
 		}
 		if (dir_in_way(path, !o->call_depth)) {
 			char *new_path = unique_path(o, path, add_branch);
 			clean_merge = 0;
-			output(o, 1, "CONFLICT (%s): There is a directory with name %s in %s. "
-			       "Adding %s as %s",
+			output(o, 1, _("CONFLICT (%s): There is a directory with name %s in %s. "
+			       "Adding %s as %s"),
 			       conf, path, other_branch, path, new_path);
 			if (o->call_depth)
 				remove_file_from_cache(path);
@@ -1774,7 +1767,7 @@
 				remove_file_from_cache(path);
 			free(new_path);
 		} else {
-			output(o, 2, "Adding %s", path);
+			output(o, 2, _("Adding %s"), path);
 			/* do not overwrite file if already present */
 			update_file_flags(o, sha, mode, path, 1, !a_sha);
 		}
@@ -1791,7 +1784,7 @@
 		 */
 		remove_file(o, 1, path, !a_mode);
 	} else
-		die("Fatal merge failure, shouldn't happen.");
+		die(_("Fatal merge failure, shouldn't happen."));
 
 	return clean_merge;
 }
@@ -1810,7 +1803,7 @@
 	}
 
 	if (sha_eq(common->object.sha1, merge->object.sha1)) {
-		output(o, 0, "Already up-to-date!");
+		output(o, 0, _("Already up-to-date!"));
 		*result = head;
 		return 1;
 	}
@@ -1819,7 +1812,7 @@
 
 	if (code != 0) {
 		if (show(o, 4) || o->call_depth)
-			die("merging of trees %s and %s failed",
+			die(_("merging of trees %s and %s failed"),
 			    sha1_to_hex(head->object.sha1),
 			    sha1_to_hex(merge->object.sha1));
 		else
@@ -1849,7 +1842,7 @@
 		for (i = 0; i < entries->nr; i++) {
 			struct stage_data *e = entries->items[i].util;
 			if (!e->processed)
-				die("Unprocessed path??? %s",
+				die(_("Unprocessed path??? %s"),
 				    entries->items[i].string);
 		}
 
@@ -1894,7 +1887,7 @@
 	int clean;
 
 	if (show(o, 4)) {
-		output(o, 4, "Merging:");
+		output(o, 4, _("Merging:"));
 		output_commit_title(o, h1);
 		output_commit_title(o, h2);
 	}
@@ -1905,7 +1898,10 @@
 	}
 
 	if (show(o, 5)) {
-		output(o, 5, "found %u common ancestor(s):", commit_list_count(ca));
+		unsigned cnt = commit_list_count(ca);
+
+		output(o, 5, Q_("found %u common ancestor:",
+				"found %u common ancestors:", cnt), cnt);
 		for (iter = ca; iter; iter = iter->next)
 			output_commit_title(o, iter->item);
 	}
@@ -1941,7 +1937,7 @@
 		o->call_depth--;
 
 		if (!merged_common_ancestors)
-			die("merge returned no commit");
+			die(_("merge returned no commit"));
 	}
 
 	discard_cache();
@@ -1998,7 +1994,7 @@
 		for (i = 0; i < num_base_list; ++i) {
 			struct commit *base;
 			if (!(base = get_ref(base_list[i], sha1_to_hex(base_list[i]))))
-				return error("Could not parse object '%s'",
+				return error(_("Could not parse object '%s'"),
 					sha1_to_hex(base_list[i]));
 			commit_list_insert(base, &ca);
 		}
@@ -2010,7 +2006,7 @@
 	if (active_cache_changed &&
 			(write_cache(index_fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
 			 commit_locked_index(lock)))
-		return error("Unable to write index.");
+		return error(_("Unable to write index."));
 
 	return clean ? 0 : 1;
 }
@@ -2072,6 +2068,15 @@
 		o->xdl_opts = DIFF_WITH_ALG(o, PATIENCE_DIFF);
 	else if (!strcmp(s, "histogram"))
 		o->xdl_opts = DIFF_WITH_ALG(o, HISTOGRAM_DIFF);
+	else if (!strcmp(s, "diff-algorithm=")) {
+		long value = parse_algorithm_value(s+15);
+		if (value < 0)
+			return -1;
+		/* clear out previous settings */
+		DIFF_XDL_CLR(o, NEED_MINIMAL);
+		o->xdl_opts &= ~XDF_DIFF_ALGORITHM_MASK;
+		o->xdl_opts |= value;
+	}
 	else if (!strcmp(s, "ignore-space-change"))
 		o->xdl_opts |= XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE_CHANGE;
 	else if (!strcmp(s, "ignore-all-space"))
diff --git a/merge-recursive.h b/merge-recursive.h
index 58f3435..9e090a3 100644
--- a/merge-recursive.h
+++ b/merge-recursive.h
@@ -59,9 +59,4 @@
 
 int parse_merge_opt(struct merge_options *out, const char *s);
 
-/* builtin/merge.c */
-int try_merge_command(const char *strategy, size_t xopts_nr,
-		const char **xopts, struct commit_list *common,
-		const char *head_arg, struct commit_list *remotes);
-
 #endif
diff --git a/merge.c b/merge.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..70f1000
--- /dev/null
+++ b/merge.c
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "resolve-undo.h"
+#include "tree-walk.h"
+#include "unpack-trees.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+
+static const char *merge_argument(struct commit *commit)
+{
+	if (commit)
+		return sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1);
+	else
+		return EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_HEX;
+}
+
+int try_merge_command(const char *strategy, size_t xopts_nr,
+		      const char **xopts, struct commit_list *common,
+		      const char *head_arg, struct commit_list *remotes)
+{
+	const char **args;
+	int i = 0, x = 0, ret;
+	struct commit_list *j;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	args = xmalloc((4 + xopts_nr + commit_list_count(common) +
+			commit_list_count(remotes)) * sizeof(char *));
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "merge-%s", strategy);
+	args[i++] = buf.buf;
+	for (x = 0; x < xopts_nr; x++) {
+		char *s = xmalloc(strlen(xopts[x])+2+1);
+		strcpy(s, "--");
+		strcpy(s+2, xopts[x]);
+		args[i++] = s;
+	}
+	for (j = common; j; j = j->next)
+		args[i++] = xstrdup(merge_argument(j->item));
+	args[i++] = "--";
+	args[i++] = head_arg;
+	for (j = remotes; j; j = j->next)
+		args[i++] = xstrdup(merge_argument(j->item));
+	args[i] = NULL;
+	ret = run_command_v_opt(args, RUN_GIT_CMD);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	i = 1;
+	for (x = 0; x < xopts_nr; x++)
+		free((void *)args[i++]);
+	for (j = common; j; j = j->next)
+		free((void *)args[i++]);
+	i += 2;
+	for (j = remotes; j; j = j->next)
+		free((void *)args[i++]);
+	free(args);
+	discard_cache();
+	if (read_cache() < 0)
+		die(_("failed to read the cache"));
+	resolve_undo_clear();
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int checkout_fast_forward(const unsigned char *head,
+			  const unsigned char *remote,
+			  int overwrite_ignore)
+{
+	struct tree *trees[MAX_UNPACK_TREES];
+	struct unpack_trees_options opts;
+	struct tree_desc t[MAX_UNPACK_TREES];
+	int i, fd, nr_trees = 0;
+	struct dir_struct dir;
+	struct lock_file *lock_file = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
+
+	refresh_cache(REFRESH_QUIET);
+
+	fd = hold_locked_index(lock_file, 1);
+
+	memset(&trees, 0, sizeof(trees));
+	memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
+	memset(&t, 0, sizeof(t));
+	if (overwrite_ignore) {
+		memset(&dir, 0, sizeof(dir));
+		dir.flags |= DIR_SHOW_IGNORED;
+		setup_standard_excludes(&dir);
+		opts.dir = &dir;
+	}
+
+	opts.head_idx = 1;
+	opts.src_index = &the_index;
+	opts.dst_index = &the_index;
+	opts.update = 1;
+	opts.verbose_update = 1;
+	opts.merge = 1;
+	opts.fn = twoway_merge;
+	setup_unpack_trees_porcelain(&opts, "merge");
+
+	trees[nr_trees] = parse_tree_indirect(head);
+	if (!trees[nr_trees++])
+		return -1;
+	trees[nr_trees] = parse_tree_indirect(remote);
+	if (!trees[nr_trees++])
+		return -1;
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_trees; i++) {
+		parse_tree(trees[i]);
+		init_tree_desc(t+i, trees[i]->buffer, trees[i]->size);
+	}
+	if (unpack_trees(nr_trees, t, &opts))
+		return -1;
+	if (write_cache(fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
+		commit_locked_index(lock_file))
+		die(_("unable to write new index file"));
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/mergetools/codecompare b/mergetools/codecompare
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f0486b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mergetools/codecompare
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+diff_cmd () {
+	"$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE"
+}
+
+merge_cmd () {
+	touch "$BACKUP"
+	if $base_present
+	then
+		"$merge_tool_path" -MF="$LOCAL" -TF="$REMOTE" -BF="$BASE" \
+			-RF="$MERGED"
+	else
+		"$merge_tool_path" -MF="$LOCAL" -TF="$REMOTE" \
+			-RF="$MERGED"
+	fi
+	check_unchanged
+}
+
+translate_merge_tool_path() {
+	if merge_mode
+	then
+		echo CodeMerge
+	else
+		echo CodeCompare
+	fi
+}
diff --git a/mergetools/defaults b/mergetools/defaults
deleted file mode 100644
index 1d8f2a3..0000000
--- a/mergetools/defaults
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-# Redefined by builtin tools
-can_merge () {
-	return 0
-}
-
-can_diff () {
-	return 0
-}
-
-diff_cmd () {
-	merge_tool_cmd="$(get_merge_tool_cmd "$1")"
-	if test -z "$merge_tool_cmd"
-	then
-		status=1
-		break
-	fi
-	( eval $merge_tool_cmd )
-	status=$?
-	return $status
-}
-
-merge_cmd () {
-	merge_tool_cmd="$(get_merge_tool_cmd "$1")"
-	if test -z "$merge_tool_cmd"
-	then
-		status=1
-		break
-	fi
-	trust_exit_code="$(git config --bool \
-		mergetool."$1".trustExitCode || echo false)"
-	if test "$trust_exit_code" = "false"
-	then
-		touch "$BACKUP"
-		( eval $merge_tool_cmd )
-		status=$?
-		check_unchanged
-	else
-		( eval $merge_tool_cmd )
-		status=$?
-	fi
-	return $status
-}
-
-translate_merge_tool_path () {
-	echo "$1"
-}
diff --git a/mergetools/gvimdiff b/mergetools/gvimdiff
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..04a5bb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mergetools/gvimdiff
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+. "$MERGE_TOOLS_DIR/vimdiff"
diff --git a/mergetools/gvimdiff2 b/mergetools/gvimdiff2
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..04a5bb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mergetools/gvimdiff2
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+. "$MERGE_TOOLS_DIR/vimdiff"
diff --git a/mergetools/kdiff3 b/mergetools/kdiff3
index 28fead4..a30034f 100644
--- a/mergetools/kdiff3
+++ b/mergetools/kdiff3
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 diff_cmd () {
-	"$merge_tool_path" --auto \
+	"$merge_tool_path" \
 		--L1 "$MERGED (A)" --L2 "$MERGED (B)" \
 		"$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" >/dev/null 2>&1
 }
diff --git a/mergetools/p4merge b/mergetools/p4merge
index 1a45c1b..5a608ab 100644
--- a/mergetools/p4merge
+++ b/mergetools/p4merge
@@ -1,10 +1,38 @@
 diff_cmd () {
+	empty_file=
+
+	# p4merge does not like /dev/null
+	if test "/dev/null" = "$LOCAL"
+	then
+		LOCAL="$(create_empty_file)"
+	fi
+	if test "/dev/null" = "$REMOTE"
+	then
+		REMOTE="$(create_empty_file)"
+	fi
+
 	"$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE"
+
+	if test -n "$empty_file"
+	then
+		rm -f "$empty_file"
+	fi
 }
 
 merge_cmd () {
 	touch "$BACKUP"
-	$base_present || >"$BASE"
-	"$merge_tool_path" "$BASE" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" "$MERGED"
+	if ! $base_present
+	then
+		cp -- "$LOCAL" "$BASE"
+		create_virtual_base "$BASE" "$REMOTE"
+	fi
+	"$merge_tool_path" "$BASE" "$REMOTE" "$LOCAL" "$MERGED"
 	check_unchanged
 }
+
+create_empty_file () {
+	empty_file="${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/git-difftool-p4merge-empty-file.$$"
+	>"$empty_file"
+
+	printf "%s" "$empty_file"
+}
diff --git a/mergetools/tortoisemerge b/mergetools/tortoisemerge
index ed7db49..3b89f1c 100644
--- a/mergetools/tortoisemerge
+++ b/mergetools/tortoisemerge
@@ -6,12 +6,29 @@
 	if $base_present
 	then
 		touch "$BACKUP"
-		"$merge_tool_path" \
-			-base:"$BASE" -mine:"$LOCAL" \
-			-theirs:"$REMOTE" -merged:"$MERGED"
+		basename="$(basename "$merge_tool_path" .exe)"
+		if test "$basename" = "tortoisegitmerge"
+		then
+			"$merge_tool_path" \
+				-base "$BASE" -mine "$LOCAL" \
+				-theirs "$REMOTE" -merged "$MERGED"
+		else
+			"$merge_tool_path" \
+				-base:"$BASE" -mine:"$LOCAL" \
+				-theirs:"$REMOTE" -merged:"$MERGED"
+		fi
 		check_unchanged
 	else
-		echo "TortoiseMerge cannot be used without a base" 1>&2
+		echo "$merge_tool_path cannot be used without a base" 1>&2
 		return 1
 	fi
 }
+
+translate_merge_tool_path() {
+	if type tortoisegitmerge >/dev/null 2>/dev/null
+	then
+		echo tortoisegitmerge
+	else
+		echo tortoisemerge
+	fi
+}
diff --git a/mergetools/vim b/mergetools/vimdiff
similarity index 68%
rename from mergetools/vim
rename to mergetools/vimdiff
index 619594a..39d0327 100644
--- a/mergetools/vim
+++ b/mergetools/vimdiff
@@ -1,14 +1,6 @@
 diff_cmd () {
-	case "$1" in
-	gvimdiff|vimdiff)
-		"$merge_tool_path" -R -f -d \
-			-c 'wincmd l' -c 'cd $GIT_PREFIX' "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE"
-		;;
-	gvimdiff2|vimdiff2)
-		"$merge_tool_path" -R -f -d \
-			-c 'wincmd l' -c 'cd $GIT_PREFIX' "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE"
-		;;
-	esac
+	"$merge_tool_path" -R -f -d \
+		-c 'wincmd l' -c 'cd $GIT_PREFIX' "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE"
 }
 
 merge_cmd () {
diff --git a/mergetools/vimdiff2 b/mergetools/vimdiff2
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..04a5bb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mergetools/vimdiff2
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+. "$MERGE_TOOLS_DIR/vimdiff"
diff --git a/name-hash.c b/name-hash.c
index d8d25c2..617c86c 100644
--- a/name-hash.c
+++ b/name-hash.c
@@ -24,46 +24,104 @@
 {
 	unsigned int hash = 0x123;
 
-	do {
+	while (namelen--) {
 		unsigned char c = *name++;
 		c = icase_hash(c);
 		hash = hash*101 + c;
-	} while (--namelen);
+	}
 	return hash;
 }
 
-static void hash_index_entry_directories(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce)
+struct dir_entry {
+	struct dir_entry *next;
+	struct dir_entry *parent;
+	struct cache_entry *ce;
+	int nr;
+	unsigned int namelen;
+};
+
+static struct dir_entry *find_dir_entry(struct index_state *istate,
+		const char *name, unsigned int namelen)
+{
+	unsigned int hash = hash_name(name, namelen);
+	struct dir_entry *dir;
+
+	for (dir = lookup_hash(hash, &istate->dir_hash); dir; dir = dir->next)
+		if (dir->namelen == namelen &&
+		    !strncasecmp(dir->ce->name, name, namelen))
+			return dir;
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static struct dir_entry *hash_dir_entry(struct index_state *istate,
+		struct cache_entry *ce, int namelen)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Throw each directory component in the hash for quick lookup
 	 * during a git status. Directory components are stored with their
 	 * closing slash.  Despite submodules being a directory, they never
 	 * reach this point, because they are stored without a closing slash
-	 * in the cache.
+	 * in index_state.name_hash (as ordinary cache_entries).
 	 *
-	 * Note that the cache_entry stored with the directory does not
-	 * represent the directory itself.  It is a pointer to an existing
-	 * filename, and its only purpose is to represent existence of the
-	 * directory in the cache.  It is very possible multiple directory
-	 * hash entries may point to the same cache_entry.
+	 * Note that the cache_entry stored with the dir_entry merely
+	 * supplies the name of the directory (up to dir_entry.namelen). We
+	 * track the number of 'active' files in a directory in dir_entry.nr,
+	 * so we can tell if the directory is still relevant, e.g. for git
+	 * status. However, if cache_entries are removed, we cannot pinpoint
+	 * an exact cache_entry that's still active. It is very possible that
+	 * multiple dir_entries point to the same cache_entry.
 	 */
-	unsigned int hash;
-	void **pos;
+	struct dir_entry *dir;
 
-	const char *ptr = ce->name;
-	while (*ptr) {
-		while (*ptr && *ptr != '/')
-			++ptr;
-		if (*ptr == '/') {
-			++ptr;
-			hash = hash_name(ce->name, ptr - ce->name);
-			pos = insert_hash(hash, ce, &istate->name_hash);
-			if (pos) {
-				ce->dir_next = *pos;
-				*pos = ce;
-			}
+	/* get length of parent directory */
+	while (namelen > 0 && !is_dir_sep(ce->name[namelen - 1]))
+		namelen--;
+	if (namelen <= 0)
+		return NULL;
+
+	/* lookup existing entry for that directory */
+	dir = find_dir_entry(istate, ce->name, namelen);
+	if (!dir) {
+		/* not found, create it and add to hash table */
+		void **pdir;
+		unsigned int hash = hash_name(ce->name, namelen);
+
+		dir = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct dir_entry));
+		dir->namelen = namelen;
+		dir->ce = ce;
+
+		pdir = insert_hash(hash, dir, &istate->dir_hash);
+		if (pdir) {
+			dir->next = *pdir;
+			*pdir = dir;
 		}
+
+		/* recursively add missing parent directories */
+		dir->parent = hash_dir_entry(istate, ce, namelen - 1);
 	}
+	return dir;
+}
+
+static void add_dir_entry(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce)
+{
+	/* Add reference to the directory entry (and parents if 0). */
+	struct dir_entry *dir = hash_dir_entry(istate, ce, ce_namelen(ce));
+	while (dir && !(dir->nr++))
+		dir = dir->parent;
+}
+
+static void remove_dir_entry(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Release reference to the directory entry (and parents if 0).
+	 *
+	 * Note: we do not remove / free the entry because there's no
+	 * hash.[ch]::remove_hash and dir->next may point to other entries
+	 * that are still valid, so we must not free the memory.
+	 */
+	struct dir_entry *dir = hash_dir_entry(istate, ce, ce_namelen(ce));
+	while (dir && dir->nr && !(--dir->nr))
+		dir = dir->parent;
 }
 
 static void hash_index_entry(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce)
@@ -74,7 +132,7 @@
 	if (ce->ce_flags & CE_HASHED)
 		return;
 	ce->ce_flags |= CE_HASHED;
-	ce->next = ce->dir_next = NULL;
+	ce->next = NULL;
 	hash = hash_name(ce->name, ce_namelen(ce));
 	pos = insert_hash(hash, ce, &istate->name_hash);
 	if (pos) {
@@ -82,8 +140,8 @@
 		*pos = ce;
 	}
 
-	if (ignore_case)
-		hash_index_entry_directories(istate, ce);
+	if (ignore_case && !(ce->ce_flags & CE_UNHASHED))
+		add_dir_entry(istate, ce);
 }
 
 static void lazy_init_name_hash(struct index_state *istate)
@@ -92,6 +150,8 @@
 
 	if (istate->name_hash_initialized)
 		return;
+	if (istate->cache_nr)
+		preallocate_hash(&istate->name_hash, istate->cache_nr);
 	for (nr = 0; nr < istate->cache_nr; nr++)
 		hash_index_entry(istate, istate->cache[nr]);
 	istate->name_hash_initialized = 1;
@@ -99,11 +159,33 @@
 
 void add_name_hash(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce)
 {
+	/* if already hashed, add reference to directory entries */
+	if (ignore_case && (ce->ce_flags & CE_STATE_MASK) == CE_STATE_MASK)
+		add_dir_entry(istate, ce);
+
 	ce->ce_flags &= ~CE_UNHASHED;
 	if (istate->name_hash_initialized)
 		hash_index_entry(istate, ce);
 }
 
+/*
+ * We don't actually *remove* it, we can just mark it invalid so that
+ * we won't find it in lookups.
+ *
+ * Not only would we have to search the lists (simple enough), but
+ * we'd also have to rehash other hash buckets in case this makes the
+ * hash bucket empty (common). So it's much better to just mark
+ * it.
+ */
+void remove_name_hash(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce)
+{
+	/* if already hashed, release reference to directory entries */
+	if (ignore_case && (ce->ce_flags & CE_STATE_MASK) == CE_HASHED)
+		remove_dir_entry(istate, ce);
+
+	ce->ce_flags |= CE_UNHASHED;
+}
+
 static int slow_same_name(const char *name1, int len1, const char *name2, int len2)
 {
 	if (len1 != len2)
@@ -137,18 +219,7 @@
 	if (!icase)
 		return 0;
 
-	/*
-	 * If the entry we're comparing is a filename (no trailing slash), then compare
-	 * the lengths exactly.
-	 */
-	if (name[namelen - 1] != '/')
-		return slow_same_name(name, namelen, ce->name, len);
-
-	/*
-	 * For a directory, we point to an arbitrary cache_entry filename.  Just
-	 * make sure the directory portion matches.
-	 */
-	return slow_same_name(name, namelen, ce->name, namelen < len ? namelen : len);
+	return slow_same_name(name, namelen, ce->name, len);
 }
 
 struct cache_entry *index_name_exists(struct index_state *istate, const char *name, int namelen, int icase)
@@ -164,27 +235,54 @@
 			if (same_name(ce, name, namelen, icase))
 				return ce;
 		}
-		if (icase && name[namelen - 1] == '/')
-			ce = ce->dir_next;
-		else
-			ce = ce->next;
+		ce = ce->next;
 	}
 
 	/*
-	 * Might be a submodule.  Despite submodules being directories,
+	 * When looking for a directory (trailing '/'), it might be a
+	 * submodule or a directory. Despite submodules being directories,
 	 * they are stored in the name hash without a closing slash.
-	 * When ignore_case is 1, directories are stored in the name hash
-	 * with their closing slash.
+	 * When ignore_case is 1, directories are stored in a separate hash
+	 * table *with* their closing slash.
 	 *
 	 * The side effect of this storage technique is we have need to
+	 * lookup the directory in a separate hash table, and if not found
 	 * remove the slash from name and perform the lookup again without
 	 * the slash.  If a match is made, S_ISGITLINK(ce->mode) will be
 	 * true.
 	 */
 	if (icase && name[namelen - 1] == '/') {
+		struct dir_entry *dir = find_dir_entry(istate, name, namelen);
+		if (dir && dir->nr)
+			return dir->ce;
+
 		ce = index_name_exists(istate, name, namelen - 1, icase);
 		if (ce && S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode))
 			return ce;
 	}
 	return NULL;
 }
+
+static int free_dir_entry(void *entry, void *unused)
+{
+	struct dir_entry *dir = entry;
+	while (dir) {
+		struct dir_entry *next = dir->next;
+		free(dir);
+		dir = next;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void free_name_hash(struct index_state *istate)
+{
+	if (!istate->name_hash_initialized)
+		return;
+	istate->name_hash_initialized = 0;
+	if (ignore_case)
+		/* free directory entries */
+		for_each_hash(&istate->dir_hash, free_dir_entry, NULL);
+
+	free_hash(&istate->name_hash);
+	free_hash(&istate->dir_hash);
+}
diff --git a/notes-merge.c b/notes-merge.c
index 74aa77c..0f67bd3 100644
--- a/notes-merge.c
+++ b/notes-merge.c
@@ -126,8 +126,7 @@
 	diff_setup(&opt);
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&opt, RECURSIVE);
 	opt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
-	if (diff_setup_done(&opt) < 0)
-		die("diff_setup_done failed");
+	diff_setup_done(&opt);
 	diff_tree_sha1(base, remote, "", &opt);
 	diffcore_std(&opt);
 
@@ -190,8 +189,7 @@
 	diff_setup(&opt);
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&opt, RECURSIVE);
 	opt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
-	if (diff_setup_done(&opt) < 0)
-		die("diff_setup_done failed");
+	diff_setup_done(&opt);
 	diff_tree_sha1(base, local, "", &opt);
 	diffcore_std(&opt);
 
@@ -524,8 +522,10 @@
 	free(changes);
 
 	if (o->verbosity >= 4)
-		printf("Merge result: %i unmerged notes and a %s notes tree\n",
-			conflicts, t->dirty ? "dirty" : "clean");
+		printf(t->dirty ?
+		       "Merge result: %i unmerged notes and a dirty notes tree\n" :
+		       "Merge result: %i unmerged notes and a clean notes tree\n",
+		       conflicts);
 
 	return conflicts ? -1 : 1;
 }
diff --git a/notes.c b/notes.c
index 93e9868..f63fd57 100644
--- a/notes.c
+++ b/notes.c
@@ -848,15 +848,16 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int string_list_add_note_lines(struct string_list *sort_uniq_list,
+/*
+ * Add the lines from the named object to list, with trailing
+ * newlines removed.
+ */
+static int string_list_add_note_lines(struct string_list *list,
 				      const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	char *data;
 	unsigned long len;
 	enum object_type t;
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct strbuf **lines = NULL;
-	int i, list_index;
 
 	if (is_null_sha1(sha1))
 		return 0;
@@ -868,24 +869,14 @@
 		return t != OBJ_BLOB || !data;
 	}
 
-	strbuf_attach(&buf, data, len, len + 1);
-	lines = strbuf_split(&buf, '\n');
-
-	for (i = 0; lines[i]; i++) {
-		if (lines[i]->buf[lines[i]->len - 1] == '\n')
-			strbuf_setlen(lines[i], lines[i]->len - 1);
-		if (!lines[i]->len)
-			continue; /* skip empty lines */
-		list_index = string_list_find_insert_index(sort_uniq_list,
-							   lines[i]->buf, 0);
-		if (list_index < 0)
-			continue; /* skip duplicate lines */
-		string_list_insert_at_index(sort_uniq_list, list_index,
-					    lines[i]->buf);
-	}
-
-	strbuf_list_free(lines);
-	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	/*
+	 * If the last line of the file is EOL-terminated, this will
+	 * add an empty string to the list.  But it will be removed
+	 * later, along with any empty strings that came from empty
+	 * lines within the file.
+	 */
+	string_list_split(list, data, '\n', -1);
+	free(data);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -901,7 +892,7 @@
 int combine_notes_cat_sort_uniq(unsigned char *cur_sha1,
 		const unsigned char *new_sha1)
 {
-	struct string_list sort_uniq_list = { NULL, 0, 0, 1 };
+	struct string_list sort_uniq_list = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int ret = 1;
 
@@ -910,6 +901,9 @@
 		goto out;
 	if (string_list_add_note_lines(&sort_uniq_list, new_sha1))
 		goto out;
+	string_list_remove_empty_items(&sort_uniq_list, 0);
+	sort_string_list(&sort_uniq_list);
+	string_list_remove_duplicates(&sort_uniq_list, 0);
 
 	/* create a new blob object from sort_uniq_list */
 	if (for_each_string_list(&sort_uniq_list,
@@ -949,23 +943,18 @@
 void string_list_add_refs_from_colon_sep(struct string_list *list,
 					 const char *globs)
 {
-	struct strbuf globbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct strbuf **split;
+	struct string_list split = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	char *globs_copy = xstrdup(globs);
 	int i;
 
-	strbuf_addstr(&globbuf, globs);
-	split = strbuf_split(&globbuf, ':');
+	string_list_split_in_place(&split, globs_copy, ':', -1);
+	string_list_remove_empty_items(&split, 0);
 
-	for (i = 0; split[i]; i++) {
-		if (!split[i]->len)
-			continue;
-		if (split[i]->buf[split[i]->len-1] == ':')
-			strbuf_setlen(split[i], split[i]->len-1);
-		string_list_add_refs_by_glob(list, split[i]->buf);
-	}
+	for (i = 0; i < split.nr; i++)
+		string_list_add_refs_by_glob(list, split.items[i].string);
 
-	strbuf_list_free(split);
-	strbuf_release(&globbuf);
+	string_list_clear(&split, 0);
+	free(globs_copy);
 }
 
 static int notes_display_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
@@ -1196,8 +1185,19 @@
 	memset(t, 0, sizeof(struct notes_tree));
 }
 
-void format_note(struct notes_tree *t, const unsigned char *object_sha1,
-		struct strbuf *sb, const char *output_encoding, int flags)
+/*
+ * Fill the given strbuf with the notes associated with the given object.
+ *
+ * If the given notes_tree structure is not initialized, it will be auto-
+ * initialized to the default value (see documentation for init_notes() above).
+ * If the given notes_tree is NULL, the internal/default notes_tree will be
+ * used instead.
+ *
+ * (raw != 0) gives the %N userformat; otherwise, the note message is given
+ * for human consumption.
+ */
+static void format_note(struct notes_tree *t, const unsigned char *object_sha1,
+			struct strbuf *sb, const char *output_encoding, int raw)
 {
 	static const char utf8[] = "utf-8";
 	const unsigned char *sha1;
@@ -1221,7 +1221,7 @@
 	}
 
 	if (output_encoding && *output_encoding &&
-			strcmp(utf8, output_encoding)) {
+	    !is_encoding_utf8(output_encoding)) {
 		char *reencoded = reencode_string(msg, output_encoding, utf8);
 		if (reencoded) {
 			free(msg);
@@ -1234,7 +1234,7 @@
 	if (msglen && msg[msglen - 1] == '\n')
 		msglen--;
 
-	if (flags & NOTES_SHOW_HEADER) {
+	if (!raw) {
 		const char *ref = t->ref;
 		if (!ref || !strcmp(ref, GIT_NOTES_DEFAULT_REF)) {
 			strbuf_addstr(sb, "\nNotes:\n");
@@ -1250,7 +1250,7 @@
 	for (msg_p = msg; msg_p < msg + msglen; msg_p += linelen + 1) {
 		linelen = strchrnul(msg_p, '\n') - msg_p;
 
-		if (flags & NOTES_INDENT)
+		if (!raw)
 			strbuf_addstr(sb, "    ");
 		strbuf_add(sb, msg_p, linelen);
 		strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
@@ -1260,13 +1260,13 @@
 }
 
 void format_display_notes(const unsigned char *object_sha1,
-			  struct strbuf *sb, const char *output_encoding, int flags)
+			  struct strbuf *sb, const char *output_encoding, int raw)
 {
 	int i;
 	assert(display_notes_trees);
 	for (i = 0; display_notes_trees[i]; i++)
 		format_note(display_notes_trees[i], object_sha1, sb,
-			    output_encoding, flags);
+			    output_encoding, raw);
 }
 
 int copy_note(struct notes_tree *t,
diff --git a/notes.h b/notes.h
index c716694..3324c48 100644
--- a/notes.h
+++ b/notes.h
@@ -237,24 +237,6 @@
  */
 void free_notes(struct notes_tree *t);
 
-/* Flags controlling how notes are formatted */
-#define NOTES_SHOW_HEADER 1
-#define NOTES_INDENT 2
-
-/*
- * Fill the given strbuf with the notes associated with the given object.
- *
- * If the given notes_tree structure is not initialized, it will be auto-
- * initialized to the default value (see documentation for init_notes() above).
- * If the given notes_tree is NULL, the internal/default notes_tree will be
- * used instead.
- *
- * 'flags' is a bitwise combination of the above formatting flags.
- */
-void format_note(struct notes_tree *t, const unsigned char *object_sha1,
-		struct strbuf *sb, const char *output_encoding, int flags);
-
-
 struct string_list;
 
 struct display_notes_opt {
@@ -288,7 +270,7 @@
  * You *must* call init_display_notes() before using this function.
  */
 void format_display_notes(const unsigned char *object_sha1,
-			  struct strbuf *sb, const char *output_encoding, int flags);
+			  struct strbuf *sb, const char *output_encoding, int raw);
 
 /*
  * Load the notes tree from each ref listed in 'refs'.  The output is
diff --git a/object.c b/object.c
index 4af3451..20703f5 100644
--- a/object.c
+++ b/object.c
@@ -185,6 +185,16 @@
 	return obj;
 }
 
+struct object *parse_object_or_die(const unsigned char *sha1,
+				   const char *name)
+{
+	struct object *o = parse_object(sha1);
+	if (o)
+		return o;
+
+	die(_("unable to parse object: %s"), name ? name : sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+}
+
 struct object *parse_object(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	unsigned long size;
diff --git a/object.h b/object.h
index 6a97b6b..97d384b 100644
--- a/object.h
+++ b/object.h
@@ -54,9 +54,20 @@
 
 extern void *create_object(const unsigned char *sha1, int type, void *obj);
 
-/** Returns the object, having parsed it to find out what it is. **/
+/*
+ * Returns the object, having parsed it to find out what it is.
+ *
+ * Returns NULL if the object is missing or corrupt.
+ */
 struct object *parse_object(const unsigned char *sha1);
 
+/*
+ * Like parse_object, but will die() instead of returning NULL. If the
+ * "name" parameter is not NULL, it is included in the error message
+ * (otherwise, the sha1 hex is given).
+ */
+struct object *parse_object_or_die(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *name);
+
 /* Given the result of read_sha1_file(), returns the object after
  * parsing it.  eaten_p indicates if the object has a borrowed copy
  * of buffer and the caller should not free() it.
diff --git a/pack-refs.c b/pack-refs.c
index f09a054..4461f71 100644
--- a/pack-refs.c
+++ b/pack-refs.c
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 			  int flags, void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct pack_refs_cb_data *cb = cb_data;
+	struct object *o;
 	int is_tag_ref;
 
 	/* Do not pack the symbolic refs */
@@ -39,14 +40,13 @@
 		return 0;
 
 	fprintf(cb->refs_file, "%s %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1), path);
-	if (is_tag_ref) {
-		struct object *o = parse_object(sha1);
-		if (o->type == OBJ_TAG) {
-			o = deref_tag(o, path, 0);
-			if (o)
-				fprintf(cb->refs_file, "^%s\n",
-					sha1_to_hex(o->sha1));
-		}
+
+	o = parse_object_or_die(sha1, path);
+	if (o->type == OBJ_TAG) {
+		o = deref_tag(o, path, 0);
+		if (o)
+			fprintf(cb->refs_file, "^%s\n",
+				sha1_to_hex(o->sha1));
 	}
 
 	if ((cb->flags & PACK_REFS_PRUNE) && !do_not_prune(flags)) {
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@
 		die_errno("unable to create ref-pack file structure");
 
 	/* perhaps other traits later as well */
-	fprintf(cbdata.refs_file, "# pack-refs with: peeled \n");
+	fprintf(cbdata.refs_file, "# pack-refs with: peeled fully-peeled \n");
 
 	for_each_ref(handle_one_ref, &cbdata);
 	if (ferror(cbdata.refs_file))
diff --git a/pager.c b/pager.c
index 4dcb08d..c1ecf65 100644
--- a/pager.c
+++ b/pager.c
@@ -6,26 +6,17 @@
 #define DEFAULT_PAGER "less"
 #endif
 
+struct pager_config {
+	const char *cmd;
+	int want;
+	char *value;
+};
+
 /*
  * This is split up from the rest of git so that we can do
  * something different on Windows.
  */
 
-#ifndef WIN32
-static void pager_preexec(void)
-{
-	/*
-	 * Work around bug in "less" by not starting it until we
-	 * have real input
-	 */
-	fd_set in;
-
-	FD_ZERO(&in);
-	FD_SET(0, &in);
-	select(1, &in, NULL, &in, NULL);
-}
-#endif
-
 static const char *pager_argv[] = { NULL, NULL };
 static struct child_process pager_process;
 
@@ -93,9 +84,6 @@
 		static const char *env[] = { "LESS=FRSX", NULL };
 		pager_process.env = env;
 	}
-#ifndef WIN32
-	pager_process.preexec_cb = pager_preexec;
-#endif
 	if (start_command(&pager_process))
 		return;
 
@@ -159,3 +147,31 @@
 		i *= 10;
 	return width;
 }
+
+static int pager_command_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *data)
+{
+	struct pager_config *c = data;
+	if (!prefixcmp(var, "pager.") && !strcmp(var + 6, c->cmd)) {
+		int b = git_config_maybe_bool(var, value);
+		if (b >= 0)
+			c->want = b;
+		else {
+			c->want = 1;
+			c->value = xstrdup(value);
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* returns 0 for "no pager", 1 for "use pager", and -1 for "not specified" */
+int check_pager_config(const char *cmd)
+{
+	struct pager_config c;
+	c.cmd = cmd;
+	c.want = -1;
+	c.value = NULL;
+	git_config(pager_command_config, &c);
+	if (c.value)
+		pager_program = c.value;
+	return c.want;
+}
diff --git a/parse-options.c b/parse-options.c
index ab70c29..c2cbca2 100644
--- a/parse-options.c
+++ b/parse-options.c
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "commit.h"
 #include "color.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
 
 static int parse_options_usage(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
 			       const char * const *usagestr,
@@ -18,15 +19,6 @@
 	return error("BUG: switch '%c' %s", opt->short_name, reason);
 }
 
-int opterror(const struct option *opt, const char *reason, int flags)
-{
-	if (flags & OPT_SHORT)
-		return error("switch `%c' %s", opt->short_name, reason);
-	if (flags & OPT_UNSET)
-		return error("option `no-%s' %s", opt->long_name, reason);
-	return error("option `%s' %s", opt->long_name, reason);
-}
-
 static int get_arg(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *p, const struct option *opt,
 		   int flags, const char **arg)
 {
@@ -470,12 +462,16 @@
 	default: /* PARSE_OPT_UNKNOWN */
 		if (ctx.argv[0][1] == '-') {
 			error("unknown option `%s'", ctx.argv[0] + 2);
-		} else {
+		} else if (isascii(*ctx.opt)) {
 			error("unknown switch `%c'", *ctx.opt);
+		} else {
+			error("unknown non-ascii option in string: `%s'",
+			      ctx.argv[0]);
 		}
 		usage_with_options(usagestr, options);
 	}
 
+	precompose_argv(argc, argv);
 	return parse_options_end(&ctx);
 }
 
@@ -490,7 +486,7 @@
 			s = literal ? "[%s]" : "[<%s>]";
 	else
 		s = literal ? " %s" : " <%s>";
-	return fprintf(outfile, s, opts->argh ? _(opts->argh) : _("..."));
+	return utf8_fprintf(outfile, s, opts->argh ? _(opts->argh) : _("..."));
 }
 
 #define USAGE_OPTS_WIDTH 24
@@ -549,7 +545,7 @@
 		if (opts->long_name)
 			pos += fprintf(outfile, "--%s", opts->long_name);
 		if (opts->type == OPTION_NUMBER)
-			pos += fprintf(outfile, "-NUM");
+			pos += utf8_fprintf(outfile, _("-NUM"));
 
 		if ((opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_LITERAL_ARGHELP) ||
 		    !(opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_NOARG))
@@ -593,3 +589,12 @@
 	return usage_with_options_internal(ctx, usagestr, opts, 0, err);
 }
 
+#undef opterror
+int opterror(const struct option *opt, const char *reason, int flags)
+{
+	if (flags & OPT_SHORT)
+		return error("switch `%c' %s", opt->short_name, reason);
+	if (flags & OPT_UNSET)
+		return error("option `no-%s' %s", opt->long_name, reason);
+	return error("option `%s' %s", opt->long_name, reason);
+}
diff --git a/parse-options.h b/parse-options.h
index 77a4a8b..1c8bd8d 100644
--- a/parse-options.h
+++ b/parse-options.h
@@ -177,6 +177,10 @@
 
 extern int optbug(const struct option *opt, const char *reason);
 extern int opterror(const struct option *opt, const char *reason, int flags);
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && ! defined(clang)
+#define opterror(o,r,f) (opterror((o),(r),(f)), -1)
+#endif
+
 /*----- incremental advanced APIs -----*/
 
 enum {
@@ -238,6 +242,6 @@
 #define OPT__COLOR(var, h) \
 	OPT_COLOR_FLAG(0, "color", (var), (h))
 #define OPT_COLUMN(s, l, v, h) \
-	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, (s), (l), (v), "style", (h), PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, parseopt_column_callback }
+	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, (s), (l), (v), N_("style"), (h), PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, parseopt_column_callback }
 
 #endif
diff --git a/patch-ids.c b/patch-ids.c
index 5717257..bc8a28f 100644
--- a/patch-ids.c
+++ b/patch-ids.c
@@ -39,8 +39,7 @@
 	memset(ids, 0, sizeof(*ids));
 	diff_setup(&ids->diffopts);
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&ids->diffopts, RECURSIVE);
-	if (diff_setup_done(&ids->diffopts) < 0)
-		return error("diff_setup_done failed");
+	diff_setup_done(&ids->diffopts);
 	return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/path.c b/path.c
index 6f2aa69..04ff148 100644
--- a/path.c
+++ b/path.c
@@ -1,17 +1,25 @@
 /*
- * I'm tired of doing "vsnprintf()" etc just to open a
- * file, so here's a "return static buffer with printf"
- * interface for paths.
- *
- * It's obviously not thread-safe. Sue me. But it's quite
- * useful for doing things like
- *
- *   f = open(mkpath("%s/%s.git", base, name), O_RDONLY);
- *
- * which is what it's designed for.
+ * Utilities for paths and pathnames
  */
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "strbuf.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+
+#ifndef get_st_mode_bits
+/*
+ * The replacement lstat(2) we use on Cygwin is incomplete and
+ * may return wrong permission bits. Most of the time we do not care,
+ * but the callsites of this wrapper do care.
+ */
+int get_st_mode_bits(const char *path, int *mode)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+	if (lstat(path, &st) < 0)
+		return -1;
+	*mode = st.st_mode;
+	return 0;
+}
+#endif
 
 static char bad_path[] = "/bad-path/";
 
@@ -48,7 +56,7 @@
 	return cleanup_path(buf);
 }
 
-static char *git_vsnpath(char *buf, size_t n, const char *fmt, va_list args)
+static char *vsnpath(char *buf, size_t n, const char *fmt, va_list args)
 {
 	const char *git_dir = get_git_dir();
 	size_t len;
@@ -70,21 +78,37 @@
 
 char *git_snpath(char *buf, size_t n, const char *fmt, ...)
 {
+	char *ret;
 	va_list args;
 	va_start(args, fmt);
-	(void)git_vsnpath(buf, n, fmt, args);
+	ret = vsnpath(buf, n, fmt, args);
 	va_end(args);
-	return buf;
+	return ret;
 }
 
 char *git_pathdup(const char *fmt, ...)
 {
-	char path[PATH_MAX];
+	char path[PATH_MAX], *ret;
 	va_list args;
 	va_start(args, fmt);
-	(void)git_vsnpath(path, sizeof(path), fmt, args);
+	ret = vsnpath(path, sizeof(path), fmt, args);
 	va_end(args);
-	return xstrdup(path);
+	return xstrdup(ret);
+}
+
+char *mkpathdup(const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	char *path;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	va_list args;
+
+	va_start(args, fmt);
+	strbuf_vaddf(&sb, fmt, args);
+	va_end(args);
+	path = xstrdup(cleanup_path(sb.buf));
+
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	return path;
 }
 
 char *mkpath(const char *fmt, ...)
@@ -103,23 +127,40 @@
 
 char *git_path(const char *fmt, ...)
 {
-	const char *git_dir = get_git_dir();
 	char *pathname = get_pathname();
 	va_list args;
-	unsigned len;
+	char *ret;
 
-	len = strlen(git_dir);
-	if (len > PATH_MAX-100)
-		return bad_path;
-	memcpy(pathname, git_dir, len);
-	if (len && git_dir[len-1] != '/')
-		pathname[len++] = '/';
 	va_start(args, fmt);
-	len += vsnprintf(pathname + len, PATH_MAX - len, fmt, args);
+	ret = vsnpath(pathname, PATH_MAX, fmt, args);
 	va_end(args);
-	if (len >= PATH_MAX)
-		return bad_path;
-	return cleanup_path(pathname);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+void home_config_paths(char **global, char **xdg, char *file)
+{
+	char *xdg_home = getenv("XDG_CONFIG_HOME");
+	char *home = getenv("HOME");
+	char *to_free = NULL;
+
+	if (!home) {
+		if (global)
+			*global = NULL;
+	} else {
+		if (!xdg_home) {
+			to_free = mkpathdup("%s/.config", home);
+			xdg_home = to_free;
+		}
+		if (global)
+			*global = mkpathdup("%s/.gitconfig", home);
+	}
+
+	if (!xdg_home)
+		*xdg = NULL;
+	else
+		*xdg = mkpathdup("%s/git/%s", xdg_home, file);
+
+	free(to_free);
 }
 
 char *git_path_submodule(const char *path, const char *fmt, ...)
@@ -355,28 +396,14 @@
 	return NULL;
 }
 
-int set_shared_perm(const char *path, int mode)
+static int calc_shared_perm(int mode)
 {
-	struct stat st;
-	int tweak, shared, orig_mode;
+	int tweak;
 
-	if (!shared_repository) {
-		if (mode)
-			return chmod(path, mode & ~S_IFMT);
-		return 0;
-	}
-	if (!mode) {
-		if (lstat(path, &st) < 0)
-			return -1;
-		mode = st.st_mode;
-		orig_mode = mode;
-	} else
-		orig_mode = 0;
 	if (shared_repository < 0)
-		shared = -shared_repository;
+		tweak = -shared_repository;
 	else
-		shared = shared_repository;
-	tweak = shared;
+		tweak = shared_repository;
 
 	if (!(mode & S_IWUSR))
 		tweak &= ~0222;
@@ -388,16 +415,28 @@
 	else
 		mode |= tweak;
 
-	if (S_ISDIR(mode)) {
+	return mode;
+}
+
+
+int adjust_shared_perm(const char *path)
+{
+	int old_mode, new_mode;
+
+	if (!shared_repository)
+		return 0;
+	if (get_st_mode_bits(path, &old_mode) < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	new_mode = calc_shared_perm(old_mode);
+	if (S_ISDIR(old_mode)) {
 		/* Copy read bits to execute bits */
-		mode |= (shared & 0444) >> 2;
-		mode |= FORCE_DIR_SET_GID;
+		new_mode |= (new_mode & 0444) >> 2;
+		new_mode |= FORCE_DIR_SET_GID;
 	}
 
-	if (((shared_repository < 0
-	      ? (orig_mode & (FORCE_DIR_SET_GID | 0777))
-	      : (orig_mode & mode)) != mode) &&
-	    chmod(path, (mode & ~S_IFMT)) < 0)
+	if (((old_mode ^ new_mode) & ~S_IFMT) &&
+			chmod(path, (new_mode & ~S_IFMT)) < 0)
 		return -2;
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -536,43 +575,38 @@
 
 /*
  * path = Canonical absolute path
- * prefix_list = Colon-separated list of absolute paths
+ * prefixes = string_list containing normalized, absolute paths without
+ * trailing slashes (except for the root directory, which is denoted by "/").
  *
- * Determines, for each path in prefix_list, whether the "prefix" really
+ * Determines, for each path in prefixes, whether the "prefix"
  * is an ancestor directory of path.  Returns the length of the longest
  * ancestor directory, excluding any trailing slashes, or -1 if no prefix
- * is an ancestor.  (Note that this means 0 is returned if prefix_list is
- * "/".) "/foo" is not considered an ancestor of "/foobar".  Directories
+ * is an ancestor.  (Note that this means 0 is returned if prefixes is
+ * ["/"].) "/foo" is not considered an ancestor of "/foobar".  Directories
  * are not considered to be their own ancestors.  path must be in a
  * canonical form: empty components, or "." or ".." components are not
- * allowed.  prefix_list may be null, which is like "".
+ * allowed.
  */
-int longest_ancestor_length(const char *path, const char *prefix_list)
+int longest_ancestor_length(const char *path, struct string_list *prefixes)
 {
-	char buf[PATH_MAX+1];
-	const char *ceil, *colon;
-	int len, max_len = -1;
+	int i, max_len = -1;
 
-	if (prefix_list == NULL || !strcmp(path, "/"))
+	if (!strcmp(path, "/"))
 		return -1;
 
-	for (colon = ceil = prefix_list; *colon; ceil = colon+1) {
-		for (colon = ceil; *colon && *colon != PATH_SEP; colon++);
-		len = colon - ceil;
-		if (len == 0 || len > PATH_MAX || !is_absolute_path(ceil))
-			continue;
-		strlcpy(buf, ceil, len+1);
-		if (normalize_path_copy(buf, buf) < 0)
-			continue;
-		len = strlen(buf);
-		if (len > 0 && buf[len-1] == '/')
-			buf[--len] = '\0';
+	for (i = 0; i < prefixes->nr; i++) {
+		const char *ceil = prefixes->items[i].string;
+		int len = strlen(ceil);
 
-		if (!strncmp(path, buf, len) &&
-		    path[len] == '/' &&
-		    len > max_len) {
+		if (len == 1 && ceil[0] == '/')
+			len = 0; /* root matches anything, with length 0 */
+		else if (!strncmp(path, ceil, len) && path[len] == '/')
+			; /* match of length len */
+		else
+			continue; /* no match */
+
+		if (len > max_len)
 			max_len = len;
-		}
 	}
 
 	return max_len;
diff --git a/pathspec.c b/pathspec.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..284f397
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pathspec.c
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
+
+/*
+ * Finds which of the given pathspecs match items in the index.
+ *
+ * For each pathspec, sets the corresponding entry in the seen[] array
+ * (which should be specs items long, i.e. the same size as pathspec)
+ * to the nature of the "closest" (i.e. most specific) match found for
+ * that pathspec in the index, if it was a closer type of match than
+ * the existing entry.  As an optimization, matching is skipped
+ * altogether if seen[] already only contains non-zero entries.
+ *
+ * If seen[] has not already been written to, it may make sense
+ * to use find_pathspecs_matching_against_index() instead.
+ */
+void add_pathspec_matches_against_index(const char **pathspec,
+					char *seen, int specs)
+{
+	int num_unmatched = 0, i;
+
+	/*
+	 * Since we are walking the index as if we were walking the directory,
+	 * we have to mark the matched pathspec as seen; otherwise we will
+	 * mistakenly think that the user gave a pathspec that did not match
+	 * anything.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < specs; i++)
+		if (!seen[i])
+			num_unmatched++;
+	if (!num_unmatched)
+		return;
+	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
+		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		match_pathspec(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, seen);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Finds which of the given pathspecs match items in the index.
+ *
+ * This is a one-shot wrapper around add_pathspec_matches_against_index()
+ * which allocates, populates, and returns a seen[] array indicating the
+ * nature of the "closest" (i.e. most specific) matches which each of the
+ * given pathspecs achieves against all items in the index.
+ */
+char *find_pathspecs_matching_against_index(const char **pathspec)
+{
+	char *seen;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; pathspec[i];  i++)
+		; /* just counting */
+	seen = xcalloc(i, 1);
+	add_pathspec_matches_against_index(pathspec, seen, i);
+	return seen;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check the index to see whether path refers to a submodule, or
+ * something inside a submodule.  If the former, returns the path with
+ * any trailing slash stripped.  If the latter, dies with an error
+ * message.
+ */
+const char *check_path_for_gitlink(const char *path)
+{
+	int i, path_len = strlen(path);
+	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
+		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		if (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode)) {
+			int ce_len = ce_namelen(ce);
+			if (path_len <= ce_len || path[ce_len] != '/' ||
+			    memcmp(ce->name, path, ce_len))
+				/* path does not refer to this
+				 * submodule or anything inside it */
+				continue;
+			if (path_len == ce_len + 1) {
+				/* path refers to submodule;
+				 * strip trailing slash */
+				return xstrndup(ce->name, ce_len);
+			} else {
+				die (_("Path '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"),
+				     path, ce_len, ce->name);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return path;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Dies if the given path refers to a file inside a symlinked
+ * directory in the index.
+ */
+void die_if_path_beyond_symlink(const char *path, const char *prefix)
+{
+	if (has_symlink_leading_path(path, strlen(path))) {
+		int len = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
+		die(_("'%s' is beyond a symbolic link"), path + len);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/pathspec.h b/pathspec.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..db0184a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pathspec.h
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#ifndef PATHSPEC_H
+#define PATHSPEC_H
+
+extern char *find_pathspecs_matching_against_index(const char **pathspec);
+extern void add_pathspec_matches_against_index(const char **pathspec, char *seen, int specs);
+extern const char *check_path_for_gitlink(const char *path);
+extern void die_if_path_beyond_symlink(const char *path, const char *prefix);
+
+#endif /* PATHSPEC_H */
diff --git a/perl/.gitignore b/perl/.gitignore
index d5c6e22..0f1fc27 100644
--- a/perl/.gitignore
+++ b/perl/.gitignore
@@ -5,3 +5,4 @@
 blib
 blibdirs
 pm_to_blib
+PM.stamp
diff --git a/perl/Git.pm b/perl/Git.pm
index 497f420..7a252ef 100644
--- a/perl/Git.pm
+++ b/perl/Git.pm
@@ -58,7 +58,9 @@
                 command_output_pipe command_input_pipe command_close_pipe
                 command_bidi_pipe command_close_bidi_pipe
                 version exec_path html_path hash_object git_cmd_try
-                remote_refs
+                remote_refs prompt
+                get_tz_offset
+                credential credential_read credential_write
                 temp_acquire temp_release temp_reset temp_path);
 
 
@@ -102,6 +104,7 @@
 use Cwd qw(abs_path cwd);
 use IPC::Open2 qw(open2);
 use Fcntl qw(SEEK_SET SEEK_CUR);
+use Time::Local qw(timegm);
 }
 
 
@@ -267,13 +270,13 @@
 
 	if (not defined wantarray) {
 		# Nothing to pepper the possible exception with.
-		_cmd_close($fh, $ctx);
+		_cmd_close($ctx, $fh);
 
 	} elsif (not wantarray) {
 		local $/;
 		my $text = <$fh>;
 		try {
-			_cmd_close($fh, $ctx);
+			_cmd_close($ctx, $fh);
 		} catch Git::Error::Command with {
 			# Pepper with the output:
 			my $E = shift;
@@ -286,7 +289,7 @@
 		my @lines = <$fh>;
 		defined and chomp for @lines;
 		try {
-			_cmd_close($fh, $ctx);
+			_cmd_close($ctx, $fh);
 		} catch Git::Error::Command with {
 			my $E = shift;
 			$E->{'-outputref'} = \@lines;
@@ -313,7 +316,7 @@
 	my $line = <$fh>;
 	defined $line and chomp $line;
 	try {
-		_cmd_close($fh, $ctx);
+		_cmd_close($ctx, $fh);
 	} catch Git::Error::Command with {
 		# Pepper with the output:
 		my $E = shift;
@@ -381,7 +384,7 @@
 sub command_close_pipe {
 	my ($self, $fh, $ctx) = _maybe_self(@_);
 	$ctx ||= '<unknown>';
-	_cmd_close($fh, $ctx);
+	_cmd_close($ctx, $fh);
 }
 
 =item command_bidi_pipe ( COMMAND [, ARGUMENTS... ] )
@@ -418,7 +421,7 @@
 is:
 
 	my ($pid, $in, $out, $ctx) = $r->command_bidi_pipe('cat-file --batch-check');
-	print "000000000\n" $out;
+	print $out "000000000\n";
 	while (<$in>) { ... }
 	$r->command_close_bidi_pipe($pid, $in, $out, $ctx);
 
@@ -426,23 +429,26 @@
 currently it is simply the command name but in future the context might
 have more complicated structure.
 
+C<PIPE_IN> and C<PIPE_OUT> may be C<undef> if they have been closed prior to
+calling this function.  This may be useful in a query-response type of
+commands where caller first writes a query and later reads response, eg:
+
+	my ($pid, $in, $out, $ctx) = $r->command_bidi_pipe('cat-file --batch-check');
+	print $out "000000000\n";
+	close $out;
+	while (<$in>) { ... }
+	$r->command_close_bidi_pipe($pid, $in, undef, $ctx);
+
+This idiom may prevent potential dead locks caused by data sent to the output
+pipe not being flushed and thus not reaching the executed command.
+
 =cut
 
 sub command_close_bidi_pipe {
 	local $?;
-	my ($pid, $in, $out, $ctx) = @_;
-	foreach my $fh ($in, $out) {
-		unless (close $fh) {
-			if ($!) {
-				carp "error closing pipe: $!";
-			} elsif ($? >> 8) {
-				throw Git::Error::Command($ctx, $? >>8);
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
+	my ($self, $pid, $in, $out, $ctx) = _maybe_self(@_);
+	_cmd_close($ctx, (grep { defined } ($in, $out)));
 	waitpid $pid, 0;
-
 	if ($? >> 8) {
 		throw Git::Error::Command($ctx, $? >>8);
 	}
@@ -512,6 +518,79 @@
 sub html_path { command_oneline('--html-path') }
 
 
+=item get_tz_offset ( TIME )
+
+Return the time zone offset from GMT in the form +/-HHMM where HH is
+the number of hours from GMT and MM is the number of minutes.  This is
+the equivalent of what strftime("%z", ...) would provide on a GNU
+platform.
+
+If TIME is not supplied, the current local time is used.
+
+=cut
+
+sub get_tz_offset {
+	# some systmes don't handle or mishandle %z, so be creative.
+	my $t = shift || time;
+	my $gm = timegm(localtime($t));
+	my $sign = qw( + + - )[ $gm <=> $t ];
+	return sprintf("%s%02d%02d", $sign, (gmtime(abs($t - $gm)))[2,1]);
+}
+
+
+=item prompt ( PROMPT , ISPASSWORD  )
+
+Query user C<PROMPT> and return answer from user.
+
+Honours GIT_ASKPASS and SSH_ASKPASS environment variables for querying
+the user. If no *_ASKPASS variable is set or an error occoured,
+the terminal is tried as a fallback.
+If C<ISPASSWORD> is set and true, the terminal disables echo.
+
+=cut
+
+sub prompt {
+	my ($prompt, $isPassword) = @_;
+	my $ret;
+	if (exists $ENV{'GIT_ASKPASS'}) {
+		$ret = _prompt($ENV{'GIT_ASKPASS'}, $prompt);
+	}
+	if (!defined $ret && exists $ENV{'SSH_ASKPASS'}) {
+		$ret = _prompt($ENV{'SSH_ASKPASS'}, $prompt);
+	}
+	if (!defined $ret) {
+		print STDERR $prompt;
+		STDERR->flush;
+		if (defined $isPassword && $isPassword) {
+			require Term::ReadKey;
+			Term::ReadKey::ReadMode('noecho');
+			$ret = '';
+			while (defined(my $key = Term::ReadKey::ReadKey(0))) {
+				last if $key =~ /[\012\015]/; # \n\r
+				$ret .= $key;
+			}
+			Term::ReadKey::ReadMode('restore');
+			print STDERR "\n";
+			STDERR->flush;
+		} else {
+			chomp($ret = <STDIN>);
+		}
+	}
+	return $ret;
+}
+
+sub _prompt {
+	my ($askpass, $prompt) = @_;
+	return unless length $askpass;
+	$prompt =~ s/\n/ /g;
+	my $ret;
+	open my $fh, "-|", $askpass, $prompt or return;
+	$ret = <$fh>;
+	$ret =~ s/[\015\012]//g; # strip \r\n, chomp does not work on all systems (i.e. windows) as expected
+	close ($fh);
+	return $ret;
+}
+
 =item repo_path ()
 
 Return path to the git repository. Must be called on a repository instance.
@@ -890,20 +969,22 @@
 	my $size = $1;
 
 	my $blob;
-	my $bytesRead = 0;
+	my $bytesLeft = $size;
 
 	while (1) {
-		my $bytesLeft = $size - $bytesRead;
 		last unless $bytesLeft;
 
 		my $bytesToRead = $bytesLeft < 1024 ? $bytesLeft : 1024;
-		my $read = read($in, $blob, $bytesToRead, $bytesRead);
+		my $read = read($in, $blob, $bytesToRead);
 		unless (defined($read)) {
 			$self->_close_cat_blob();
 			throw Error::Simple("in pipe went bad");
 		}
-
-		$bytesRead += $read;
+		unless (print $fh $blob) {
+			$self->_close_cat_blob();
+			throw Error::Simple("couldn't write to passed in filehandle");
+		}
+		$bytesLeft -= $read;
 	}
 
 	# Skip past the trailing newline.
@@ -918,11 +999,6 @@
 		throw Error::Simple("didn't find newline after blob");
 	}
 
-	unless (print $fh $blob) {
-		$self->_close_cat_blob();
-		throw Error::Simple("couldn't write to passed in filehandle");
-	}
-
 	return $size;
 }
 
@@ -948,13 +1024,163 @@
 }
 
 
+=item credential_read( FILEHANDLE )
+
+Reads credential key-value pairs from C<FILEHANDLE>.  Reading stops at EOF or
+when an empty line is encountered.  Each line must be of the form C<key=value>
+with a non-empty key.  Function returns hash with all read values.  Any white
+space (other than new-line character) is preserved.
+
+=cut
+
+sub credential_read {
+	my ($self, $reader) = _maybe_self(@_);
+	my %credential;
+	while (<$reader>) {
+		chomp;
+		if ($_ eq '') {
+			last;
+		} elsif (!/^([^=]+)=(.*)$/) {
+			throw Error::Simple("unable to parse git credential data:\n$_");
+		}
+		$credential{$1} = $2;
+	}
+	return %credential;
+}
+
+=item credential_write( FILEHANDLE, CREDENTIAL_HASHREF )
+
+Writes credential key-value pairs from hash referenced by
+C<CREDENTIAL_HASHREF> to C<FILEHANDLE>.  Keys and values cannot contain
+new-lines or NUL bytes characters, and key cannot contain equal signs nor be
+empty (if they do Error::Simple is thrown).  Any white space is preserved.  If
+value for a key is C<undef>, it will be skipped.
+
+If C<'url'> key exists it will be written first.  (All the other key-value
+pairs are written in sorted order but you should not depend on that).  Once
+all lines are written, an empty line is printed.
+
+=cut
+
+sub credential_write {
+	my ($self, $writer, $credential) = _maybe_self(@_);
+	my ($key, $value);
+
+	# Check if $credential is valid prior to writing anything
+	while (($key, $value) = each %$credential) {
+		if (!defined $key || !length $key) {
+			throw Error::Simple("credential key empty or undefined");
+		} elsif ($key =~ /[=\n\0]/) {
+			throw Error::Simple("credential key contains invalid characters: $key");
+		} elsif (defined $value && $value =~ /[\n\0]/) {
+			throw Error::Simple("credential value for key=$key contains invalid characters: $value");
+		}
+	}
+
+	for $key (sort {
+		# url overwrites other fields, so it must come first
+		return -1 if $a eq 'url';
+		return  1 if $b eq 'url';
+		return $a cmp $b;
+	} keys %$credential) {
+		if (defined $credential->{$key}) {
+			print $writer $key, '=', $credential->{$key}, "\n";
+		}
+	}
+	print $writer "\n";
+}
+
+sub _credential_run {
+	my ($self, $credential, $op) = _maybe_self(@_);
+	my ($pid, $reader, $writer, $ctx) = command_bidi_pipe('credential', $op);
+
+	credential_write $writer, $credential;
+	close $writer;
+
+	if ($op eq "fill") {
+		%$credential = credential_read $reader;
+	}
+	if (<$reader>) {
+		throw Error::Simple("unexpected output from git credential $op response:\n$_\n");
+	}
+
+	command_close_bidi_pipe($pid, $reader, undef, $ctx);
+}
+
+=item credential( CREDENTIAL_HASHREF [, OPERATION ] )
+
+=item credential( CREDENTIAL_HASHREF, CODE )
+
+Executes C<git credential> for a given set of credentials and specified
+operation.  In both forms C<CREDENTIAL_HASHREF> needs to be a reference to
+a hash which stores credentials.  Under certain conditions the hash can
+change.
+
+In the first form, C<OPERATION> can be C<'fill'>, C<'approve'> or C<'reject'>,
+and function will execute corresponding C<git credential> sub-command.  If
+it's omitted C<'fill'> is assumed.  In case of C<'fill'> the values stored in
+C<CREDENTIAL_HASHREF> will be changed to the ones returned by the C<git
+credential fill> command.  The usual usage would look something like:
+
+	my %cred = (
+		'protocol' => 'https',
+		'host' => 'example.com',
+		'username' => 'bob'
+	);
+	Git::credential \%cred;
+	if (try_to_authenticate($cred{'username'}, $cred{'password'})) {
+		Git::credential \%cred, 'approve';
+		... do more stuff ...
+	} else {
+		Git::credential \%cred, 'reject';
+	}
+
+In the second form, C<CODE> needs to be a reference to a subroutine.  The
+function will execute C<git credential fill> to fill the provided credential
+hash, then call C<CODE> with C<CREDENTIAL_HASHREF> as the sole argument.  If
+C<CODE>'s return value is defined, the function will execute C<git credential
+approve> (if return value yields true) or C<git credential reject> (if return
+value is false).  If the return value is undef, nothing at all is executed;
+this is useful, for example, if the credential could neither be verified nor
+rejected due to an unrelated network error.  The return value is the same as
+what C<CODE> returns.  With this form, the usage might look as follows:
+
+	if (Git::credential {
+		'protocol' => 'https',
+		'host' => 'example.com',
+		'username' => 'bob'
+	}, sub {
+		my $cred = shift;
+		return !!try_to_authenticate($cred->{'username'},
+		                             $cred->{'password'});
+	}) {
+		... do more stuff ...
+	}
+
+=cut
+
+sub credential {
+	my ($self, $credential, $op_or_code) = (_maybe_self(@_), 'fill');
+
+	if ('CODE' eq ref $op_or_code) {
+		_credential_run $credential, 'fill';
+		my $ret = $op_or_code->($credential);
+		if (defined $ret) {
+			_credential_run $credential, $ret ? 'approve' : 'reject';
+		}
+		return $ret;
+	} else {
+		_credential_run $credential, $op_or_code;
+	}
+}
+
 { # %TEMP_* Lexical Context
 
 my (%TEMP_FILEMAP, %TEMP_FILES);
 
 =item temp_acquire ( NAME )
 
-Attempts to retreive the temporary file mapped to the string C<NAME>. If an
+Attempts to retrieve the temporary file mapped to the string C<NAME>. If an
 associated temp file has not been created this session or was closed, it is
 created, cached, and set for autoflush and binmode.
 
@@ -1039,7 +1265,7 @@
 			$tmpdir = $self->repo_path();
 		}
 
-		($$temp_fd, $fname) = File::Temp->tempfile(
+		($$temp_fd, $fname) = File::Temp::tempfile(
 			'Git_XXXXXX', UNLINK => 1, DIR => $tmpdir,
 			) or throw Error::Simple("couldn't open new temp file");
 
@@ -1263,12 +1489,12 @@
 		if (not defined $pid) {
 			throw Error::Simple("open failed: $!");
 		} elsif ($pid == 0) {
-			if (defined $opts{STDERR}) {
-				close STDERR;
-			}
 			if ($opts{STDERR}) {
 				open (STDERR, '>&', $opts{STDERR})
 					or die "dup failed: $!";
+			} elsif (defined $opts{STDERR}) {
+				open (STDERR, '>', '/dev/null')
+					or die "opening /dev/null failed: $!";
 			}
 			_cmd_exec($self, $cmd, @args);
 		}
@@ -1303,9 +1529,11 @@
 
 # Close pipe to a subprocess.
 sub _cmd_close {
-	my ($fh, $ctx) = @_;
-	if (not close $fh) {
-		if ($!) {
+	my $ctx = shift @_;
+	foreach my $fh (@_) {
+		if (close $fh) {
+			# nop
+		} elsif ($!) {
 			# It's just close, no point in fatalities
 			carp "error closing pipe: $!";
 		} elsif ($? >> 8) {
diff --git a/perl/Git/I18N.pm b/perl/Git/I18N.pm
index 40dd897..f889fd6 100644
--- a/perl/Git/I18N.pm
+++ b/perl/Git/I18N.pm
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@
 
 	print __("Welcome to Git!\n");
 
-	printf __("The following error occured: %s\n"), $error;
+	printf __("The following error occurred: %s\n"), $error;
 
 =head1 DESCRIPTION
 
diff --git a/perl/Git/IndexInfo.pm b/perl/Git/IndexInfo.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a43108c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/perl/Git/IndexInfo.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package Git::IndexInfo;
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use Git qw/command_input_pipe command_close_pipe/;
+
+sub new {
+	my ($class) = @_;
+	my ($gui, $ctx) = command_input_pipe(qw/update-index -z --index-info/);
+	bless { gui => $gui, ctx => $ctx, nr => 0}, $class;
+}
+
+sub remove {
+	my ($self, $path) = @_;
+	if (print { $self->{gui} } '0 ', 0 x 40, "\t", $path, "\0") {
+		return ++$self->{nr};
+	}
+	undef;
+}
+
+sub update {
+	my ($self, $mode, $hash, $path) = @_;
+	if (print { $self->{gui} } $mode, ' ', $hash, "\t", $path, "\0") {
+		return ++$self->{nr};
+	}
+	undef;
+}
+
+sub DESTROY {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	command_close_pipe($self->{gui}, $self->{ctx});
+}
+
+1;
diff --git a/perl/Git/SVN.pm b/perl/Git/SVN.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5273ee8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/perl/Git/SVN.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,2391 @@
+package Git::SVN;
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use Fcntl qw/:DEFAULT :seek/;
+use constant rev_map_fmt => 'NH40';
+use vars qw/$_no_metadata
+            $_repack $_repack_flags $_use_svm_props $_head
+            $_use_svnsync_props $no_reuse_existing
+	    $_use_log_author $_add_author_from $_localtime/;
+use Carp qw/croak/;
+use File::Path qw/mkpath/;
+use File::Copy qw/copy/;
+use IPC::Open3;
+use Memoize;  # core since 5.8.0, Jul 2002
+use Memoize::Storable;
+use POSIX qw(:signal_h);
+
+use Git qw(
+    command
+    command_oneline
+    command_noisy
+    command_output_pipe
+    command_close_pipe
+    get_tz_offset
+);
+use Git::SVN::Utils qw(
+	fatal
+	can_compress
+	join_paths
+	canonicalize_path
+	canonicalize_url
+	add_path_to_url
+);
+
+my $can_use_yaml;
+BEGIN {
+	$can_use_yaml = eval { require Git::SVN::Memoize::YAML; 1};
+}
+
+our $_follow_parent  = 1;
+our $_minimize_url   = 'unset';
+our $default_repo_id = 'svn';
+our $default_ref_id  = $ENV{GIT_SVN_ID} || 'git-svn';
+
+my ($_gc_nr, $_gc_period);
+
+# properties that we do not log:
+my %SKIP_PROP;
+BEGIN {
+	%SKIP_PROP = map { $_ => 1 } qw/svn:wc:ra_dav:version-url
+	                                svn:special svn:executable
+	                                svn:entry:committed-rev
+	                                svn:entry:last-author
+	                                svn:entry:uuid
+	                                svn:entry:committed-date/;
+
+	# some options are read globally, but can be overridden locally
+	# per [svn-remote "..."] section.  Command-line options will *NOT*
+	# override options set in an [svn-remote "..."] section
+	no strict 'refs';
+	for my $option (qw/follow_parent no_metadata use_svm_props
+			   use_svnsync_props/) {
+		my $key = $option;
+		$key =~ tr/_//d;
+		my $prop = "-$option";
+		*$option = sub {
+			my ($self) = @_;
+			return $self->{$prop} if exists $self->{$prop};
+			my $k = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.$key";
+			eval { command_oneline(qw/config --get/, $k) };
+			if ($@) {
+				$self->{$prop} = ${"Git::SVN::_$option"};
+			} else {
+				my $v = command_oneline(qw/config --bool/,$k);
+				$self->{$prop} = $v eq 'false' ? 0 : 1;
+			}
+			return $self->{$prop};
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+my (%LOCKFILES, %INDEX_FILES);
+END {
+	unlink keys %LOCKFILES if %LOCKFILES;
+	unlink keys %INDEX_FILES if %INDEX_FILES;
+}
+
+sub resolve_local_globs {
+	my ($url, $fetch, $glob_spec) = @_;
+	return unless defined $glob_spec;
+	my $ref = $glob_spec->{ref};
+	my $path = $glob_spec->{path};
+	foreach (command(qw#for-each-ref --format=%(refname) refs/#)) {
+		next unless m#^$ref->{regex}$#;
+		my $p = $1;
+		my $pathname = desanitize_refname($path->full_path($p));
+		my $refname = desanitize_refname($ref->full_path($p));
+		if (my $existing = $fetch->{$pathname}) {
+			if ($existing ne $refname) {
+				die "Refspec conflict:\n",
+				    "existing: $existing\n",
+				    " globbed: $refname\n";
+			}
+			my $u = (::cmt_metadata("$refname"))[0];
+			$u =~ s!^\Q$url\E(/|$)!! or die
+			  "$refname: '$url' not found in '$u'\n";
+			if ($pathname ne $u) {
+				warn "W: Refspec glob conflict ",
+				     "(ref: $refname):\n",
+				     "expected path: $pathname\n",
+				     "    real path: $u\n",
+				     "Continuing ahead with $u\n";
+				next;
+			}
+		} else {
+			$fetch->{$pathname} = $refname;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+sub parse_revision_argument {
+	my ($base, $head) = @_;
+	if (!defined $::_revision || $::_revision eq 'BASE:HEAD') {
+		return ($base, $head);
+	}
+	return ($1, $2) if ($::_revision =~ /^(\d+):(\d+)$/);
+	return ($::_revision, $::_revision) if ($::_revision =~ /^\d+$/);
+	return ($head, $head) if ($::_revision eq 'HEAD');
+	return ($base, $1) if ($::_revision =~ /^BASE:(\d+)$/);
+	return ($1, $head) if ($::_revision =~ /^(\d+):HEAD$/);
+	die "revision argument: $::_revision not understood by git-svn\n";
+}
+
+sub fetch_all {
+	my ($repo_id, $remotes) = @_;
+	if (ref $repo_id) {
+		my $gs = $repo_id;
+		$repo_id = undef;
+		$repo_id = $gs->{repo_id};
+	}
+	$remotes ||= read_all_remotes();
+	my $remote = $remotes->{$repo_id} or
+	             die "[svn-remote \"$repo_id\"] unknown\n";
+	my $fetch = $remote->{fetch};
+	my $url = $remote->{url} or die "svn-remote.$repo_id.url not defined\n";
+	my (@gs, @globs);
+	my $ra = Git::SVN::Ra->new($url);
+	my $uuid = $ra->get_uuid;
+	my $head = $ra->get_latest_revnum;
+
+	# ignore errors, $head revision may not even exist anymore
+	eval { $ra->get_log("", $head, 0, 1, 0, 1, sub { $head = $_[1] }) };
+	warn "W: $@\n" if $@;
+
+	my $base = defined $fetch ? $head : 0;
+
+	# read the max revs for wildcard expansion (branches/*, tags/*)
+	foreach my $t (qw/branches tags/) {
+		defined $remote->{$t} or next;
+		push @globs, @{$remote->{$t}};
+
+		my $max_rev = eval { tmp_config(qw/--int --get/,
+		                         "svn-remote.$repo_id.${t}-maxRev") };
+		if (defined $max_rev && ($max_rev < $base)) {
+			$base = $max_rev;
+		} elsif (!defined $max_rev) {
+			$base = 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ($fetch) {
+		foreach my $p (sort keys %$fetch) {
+			my $gs = Git::SVN->new($fetch->{$p}, $repo_id, $p);
+			my $lr = $gs->rev_map_max;
+			if (defined $lr) {
+				$base = $lr if ($lr < $base);
+			}
+			push @gs, $gs;
+		}
+	}
+
+	($base, $head) = parse_revision_argument($base, $head);
+	$ra->gs_fetch_loop_common($base, $head, \@gs, \@globs);
+}
+
+sub read_all_remotes {
+	my $r = {};
+	my $use_svm_props = eval { command_oneline(qw/config --bool
+	    svn.useSvmProps/) };
+	$use_svm_props = $use_svm_props eq 'true' if $use_svm_props;
+	my $svn_refspec = qr{\s*(.*?)\s*:\s*(.+?)\s*};
+	foreach (grep { s/^svn-remote\.// } command(qw/config -l/)) {
+		if (m!^(.+)\.fetch=$svn_refspec$!) {
+			my ($remote, $local_ref, $remote_ref) = ($1, $2, $3);
+			die("svn-remote.$remote: remote ref '$remote_ref' "
+			    . "must start with 'refs/'\n")
+				unless $remote_ref =~ m{^refs/};
+			$local_ref = uri_decode($local_ref);
+			$r->{$remote}->{fetch}->{$local_ref} = $remote_ref;
+			$r->{$remote}->{svm} = {} if $use_svm_props;
+		} elsif (m!^(.+)\.usesvmprops=\s*(.*)\s*$!) {
+			$r->{$1}->{svm} = {};
+		} elsif (m!^(.+)\.url=\s*(.*)\s*$!) {
+			$r->{$1}->{url} = canonicalize_url($2);
+		} elsif (m!^(.+)\.pushurl=\s*(.*)\s*$!) {
+			$r->{$1}->{pushurl} = canonicalize_url($2);
+		} elsif (m!^(.+)\.ignore-refs=\s*(.*)\s*$!) {
+			$r->{$1}->{ignore_refs_regex} = $2;
+		} elsif (m!^(.+)\.(branches|tags)=$svn_refspec$!) {
+			my ($remote, $t, $local_ref, $remote_ref) =
+			                                     ($1, $2, $3, $4);
+			die("svn-remote.$remote: remote ref '$remote_ref' ($t) "
+			    . "must start with 'refs/'\n")
+				unless $remote_ref =~ m{^refs/};
+			$local_ref = uri_decode($local_ref);
+
+			require Git::SVN::GlobSpec;
+			my $rs = {
+			    t => $t,
+			    remote => $remote,
+			    path => Git::SVN::GlobSpec->new($local_ref, 1),
+			    ref => Git::SVN::GlobSpec->new($remote_ref, 0) };
+			if (length($rs->{ref}->{right}) != 0) {
+				die "The '*' glob character must be the last ",
+				    "character of '$remote_ref'\n";
+			}
+			push @{ $r->{$remote}->{$t} }, $rs;
+		}
+	}
+
+	map {
+		if (defined $r->{$_}->{svm}) {
+			my $svm;
+			eval {
+				my $section = "svn-remote.$_";
+				$svm = {
+					source => tmp_config('--get',
+					    "$section.svm-source"),
+					replace => tmp_config('--get',
+					    "$section.svm-replace"),
+				}
+			};
+			$r->{$_}->{svm} = $svm;
+		}
+	} keys %$r;
+
+	foreach my $remote (keys %$r) {
+		foreach ( grep { defined $_ }
+			  map { $r->{$remote}->{$_} } qw(branches tags) ) {
+			foreach my $rs ( @$_ ) {
+				$rs->{ignore_refs_regex} =
+				    $r->{$remote}->{ignore_refs_regex};
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	$r;
+}
+
+sub init_vars {
+	$_gc_nr = $_gc_period = 1000;
+	if (defined $_repack || defined $_repack_flags) {
+	       warn "Repack options are obsolete; they have no effect.\n";
+	}
+}
+
+sub verify_remotes_sanity {
+	return unless -d $ENV{GIT_DIR};
+	my %seen;
+	foreach (command(qw/config -l/)) {
+		if (m!^svn-remote\.(?:.+)\.fetch=.*:refs/remotes/(\S+)\s*$!) {
+			if ($seen{$1}) {
+				die "Remote ref refs/remote/$1 is tracked by",
+				    "\n  \"$_\"\nand\n  \"$seen{$1}\"\n",
+				    "Please resolve this ambiguity in ",
+				    "your git configuration file before ",
+				    "continuing\n";
+			}
+			$seen{$1} = $_;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+sub find_existing_remote {
+	my ($url, $remotes) = @_;
+	return undef if $no_reuse_existing;
+	my $existing;
+	foreach my $repo_id (keys %$remotes) {
+		my $u = $remotes->{$repo_id}->{url} or next;
+		next if $u ne $url;
+		$existing = $repo_id;
+		last;
+	}
+	$existing;
+}
+
+sub init_remote_config {
+	my ($self, $url, $no_write) = @_;
+	$url = canonicalize_url($url);
+	my $r = read_all_remotes();
+	my $existing = find_existing_remote($url, $r);
+	if ($existing) {
+		unless ($no_write) {
+			print STDERR "Using existing ",
+				     "[svn-remote \"$existing\"]\n";
+		}
+		$self->{repo_id} = $existing;
+	} elsif ($_minimize_url) {
+		my $min_url = Git::SVN::Ra->new($url)->minimize_url;
+		$existing = find_existing_remote($min_url, $r);
+		if ($existing) {
+			unless ($no_write) {
+				print STDERR "Using existing ",
+					     "[svn-remote \"$existing\"]\n";
+			}
+			$self->{repo_id} = $existing;
+		}
+		if ($min_url ne $url) {
+			unless ($no_write) {
+				print STDERR "Using higher level of URL: ",
+					     "$url => $min_url\n";
+			}
+			my $old_path = $self->path;
+			$url =~ s!^\Q$min_url\E(/|$)!!;
+			$url = join_paths($url, $old_path);
+			$self->path($url);
+			$url = $min_url;
+		}
+	}
+	my $orig_url;
+	if (!$existing) {
+		# verify that we aren't overwriting anything:
+		$orig_url = eval {
+			command_oneline('config', '--get',
+					"svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.url")
+		};
+		if ($orig_url && ($orig_url ne $url)) {
+			die "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.url already set: ",
+			    "$orig_url\nwanted to set to: $url\n";
+		}
+	}
+	my ($xrepo_id, $xpath) = find_ref($self->refname);
+	if (!$no_write && defined $xpath) {
+		die "svn-remote.$xrepo_id.fetch already set to track ",
+		    "$xpath:", $self->refname, "\n";
+	}
+	unless ($no_write) {
+		command_noisy('config',
+			      "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.url", $url);
+		my $path = $self->path;
+		$path =~ s{^/}{};
+		$path =~ s{%([0-9A-F]{2})}{chr hex($1)}ieg;
+		$self->path($path);
+		command_noisy('config', '--add',
+			      "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.fetch",
+			      $self->path.":".$self->refname);
+	}
+	$self->url($url);
+}
+
+sub find_by_url { # repos_root and, path are optional
+	my ($class, $full_url, $repos_root, $path) = @_;
+
+	$full_url = canonicalize_url($full_url);
+
+	return undef unless defined $full_url;
+	remove_username($full_url);
+	remove_username($repos_root) if defined $repos_root;
+	my $remotes = read_all_remotes();
+	if (defined $full_url && defined $repos_root && !defined $path) {
+		$path = $full_url;
+		$path =~ s#^\Q$repos_root\E(?:/|$)##;
+	}
+	foreach my $repo_id (keys %$remotes) {
+		my $u = $remotes->{$repo_id}->{url} or next;
+		remove_username($u);
+		next if defined $repos_root && $repos_root ne $u;
+
+		my $fetch = $remotes->{$repo_id}->{fetch} || {};
+		foreach my $t (qw/branches tags/) {
+			foreach my $globspec (@{$remotes->{$repo_id}->{$t}}) {
+				resolve_local_globs($u, $fetch, $globspec);
+			}
+		}
+		my $p = $path;
+		my $rwr = rewrite_root({repo_id => $repo_id});
+		my $svm = $remotes->{$repo_id}->{svm}
+			if defined $remotes->{$repo_id}->{svm};
+		unless (defined $p) {
+			$p = $full_url;
+			my $z = $u;
+			my $prefix = '';
+			if ($rwr) {
+				$z = $rwr;
+				remove_username($z);
+			} elsif (defined $svm) {
+				$z = $svm->{source};
+				$prefix = $svm->{replace};
+				$prefix =~ s#^\Q$u\E(?:/|$)##;
+				$prefix =~ s#/$##;
+			}
+			$p =~ s#^\Q$z\E(?:/|$)#$prefix# or next;
+		}
+
+		# remote fetch paths are not URI escaped.  Decode ours
+		# so they match
+		$p = uri_decode($p);
+
+		foreach my $f (keys %$fetch) {
+			next if $f ne $p;
+			return Git::SVN->new($fetch->{$f}, $repo_id, $f);
+		}
+	}
+	undef;
+}
+
+sub init {
+	my ($class, $url, $path, $repo_id, $ref_id, $no_write) = @_;
+	my $self = _new($class, $repo_id, $ref_id, $path);
+	if (defined $url) {
+		$self->init_remote_config($url, $no_write);
+	}
+	$self;
+}
+
+sub find_ref {
+	my ($ref_id) = @_;
+	foreach (command(qw/config -l/)) {
+		next unless m!^svn-remote\.(.+)\.fetch=
+		              \s*(.*?)\s*:\s*(.+?)\s*$!x;
+		my ($repo_id, $path, $ref) = ($1, $2, $3);
+		if ($ref eq $ref_id) {
+			$path = '' if ($path =~ m#^\./?#);
+			return ($repo_id, $path);
+		}
+	}
+	(undef, undef, undef);
+}
+
+sub new {
+	my ($class, $ref_id, $repo_id, $path) = @_;
+	if (defined $ref_id && !defined $repo_id && !defined $path) {
+		($repo_id, $path) = find_ref($ref_id);
+		if (!defined $repo_id) {
+			die "Could not find a \"svn-remote.*.fetch\" key ",
+			    "in the repository configuration matching: ",
+			    "$ref_id\n";
+		}
+	}
+	my $self = _new($class, $repo_id, $ref_id, $path);
+	if (!defined $self->path || !length $self->path) {
+		my $fetch = command_oneline('config', '--get',
+		                            "svn-remote.$repo_id.fetch",
+		                            ":$ref_id\$") or
+		     die "Failed to read \"svn-remote.$repo_id.fetch\" ",
+		         "\":$ref_id\$\" in config\n";
+		my($path) = split(/\s*:\s*/, $fetch);
+		$self->path($path);
+	}
+	{
+		my $path = $self->path;
+		$path =~ s{\A/}{};
+		$path =~ s{/\z}{};
+		$self->path($path);
+	}
+	my $url = command_oneline('config', '--get',
+	                          "svn-remote.$repo_id.url") or
+                  die "Failed to read \"svn-remote.$repo_id.url\" in config\n";
+	$self->url($url);
+	$self->{pushurl} = eval { command_oneline('config', '--get',
+	                          "svn-remote.$repo_id.pushurl") };
+	$self->rebuild;
+	$self;
+}
+
+sub refname {
+	my ($refname) = $_[0]->{ref_id} ;
+
+	# It cannot end with a slash /, we'll throw up on this because
+	# SVN can't have directories with a slash in their name, either:
+	if ($refname =~ m{/$}) {
+		die "ref: '$refname' ends with a trailing slash, this is ",
+		    "not permitted by git nor Subversion\n";
+	}
+
+	# It cannot have ASCII control character space, tilde ~, caret ^,
+	# colon :, question-mark ?, asterisk *, space, or open bracket [
+	# anywhere.
+	#
+	# Additionally, % must be escaped because it is used for escaping
+	# and we want our escaped refname to be reversible
+	$refname =~ s{([ \%~\^:\?\*\[\t])}{sprintf('%%%02X',ord($1))}eg;
+
+	# no slash-separated component can begin with a dot .
+	# /.* becomes /%2E*
+	$refname =~ s{/\.}{/%2E}g;
+
+	# It cannot have two consecutive dots .. anywhere
+	# .. becomes %2E%2E
+	$refname =~ s{\.\.}{%2E%2E}g;
+
+	# trailing dots and .lock are not allowed
+	# .$ becomes %2E and .lock becomes %2Elock
+	$refname =~ s{\.(?=$|lock$)}{%2E};
+
+	# the sequence @{ is used to access the reflog
+	# @{ becomes %40{
+	$refname =~ s{\@\{}{%40\{}g;
+
+	return $refname;
+}
+
+sub desanitize_refname {
+	my ($refname) = @_;
+	$refname =~ s{%(?:([0-9A-F]{2}))}{chr hex($1)}eg;
+	return $refname;
+}
+
+sub svm_uuid {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	return $self->{svm}->{uuid} if $self->svm;
+	$self->ra;
+	unless ($self->{svm}) {
+		die "SVM UUID not cached, and reading remotely failed\n";
+	}
+	$self->{svm}->{uuid};
+}
+
+sub svm {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	return $self->{svm} if $self->{svm};
+	my $svm;
+	# see if we have it in our config, first:
+	eval {
+		my $section = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}";
+		$svm = {
+		  source => tmp_config('--get', "$section.svm-source"),
+		  uuid => tmp_config('--get', "$section.svm-uuid"),
+		  replace => tmp_config('--get', "$section.svm-replace"),
+		}
+	};
+	if ($svm && $svm->{source} && $svm->{uuid} && $svm->{replace}) {
+		$self->{svm} = $svm;
+	}
+	$self->{svm};
+}
+
+sub _set_svm_vars {
+	my ($self, $ra) = @_;
+	return $ra if $self->svm;
+
+	my @err = ( "useSvmProps set, but failed to read SVM properties\n",
+		    "(svm:source, svm:uuid) ",
+		    "from the following URLs:\n" );
+	sub read_svm_props {
+		my ($self, $ra, $path, $r) = @_;
+		my $props = ($ra->get_dir($path, $r))[2];
+		my $src = $props->{'svm:source'};
+		my $uuid = $props->{'svm:uuid'};
+		return undef if (!$src || !$uuid);
+
+		chomp($src, $uuid);
+
+		$uuid =~ m{^[0-9a-f\-]{30,}$}i
+		    or die "doesn't look right - svm:uuid is '$uuid'\n";
+
+		# the '!' is used to mark the repos_root!/relative/path
+		$src =~ s{/?!/?}{/};
+		$src =~ s{/+$}{}; # no trailing slashes please
+		# username is of no interest
+		$src =~ s{(^[a-z\+]*://)[^/@]*@}{$1};
+
+		my $replace = add_path_to_url($ra->url, $path);
+
+		my $section = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}";
+		tmp_config("$section.svm-source", $src);
+		tmp_config("$section.svm-replace", $replace);
+		tmp_config("$section.svm-uuid", $uuid);
+		$self->{svm} = {
+			source => $src,
+			uuid => $uuid,
+			replace => $replace
+		};
+	}
+
+	my $r = $ra->get_latest_revnum;
+	my $path = $self->path;
+	my %tried;
+	while (length $path) {
+		my $try = add_path_to_url($self->url, $path);
+		unless ($tried{$try}) {
+			return $ra if $self->read_svm_props($ra, $path, $r);
+			$tried{$try} = 1;
+		}
+		$path =~ s#/?[^/]+$##;
+	}
+	die "Path: '$path' should be ''\n" if $path ne '';
+	return $ra if $self->read_svm_props($ra, $path, $r);
+	$tried{ add_path_to_url($self->url, $path) } = 1;
+
+	if ($ra->{repos_root} eq $self->url) {
+		die @err, (map { "  $_\n" } keys %tried), "\n";
+	}
+
+	# nope, make sure we're connected to the repository root:
+	my $ok;
+	my @tried_b;
+	$path = $ra->{svn_path};
+	$ra = Git::SVN::Ra->new($ra->{repos_root});
+	while (length $path) {
+		my $try = add_path_to_url($ra->url, $path);
+		unless ($tried{$try}) {
+			$ok = $self->read_svm_props($ra, $path, $r);
+			last if $ok;
+			$tried{$try} = 1;
+		}
+		$path =~ s#/?[^/]+$##;
+	}
+	die "Path: '$path' should be ''\n" if $path ne '';
+	$ok ||= $self->read_svm_props($ra, $path, $r);
+	$tried{ add_path_to_url($ra->url, $path) } = 1;
+	if (!$ok) {
+		die @err, (map { "  $_\n" } keys %tried), "\n";
+	}
+	Git::SVN::Ra->new($self->url);
+}
+
+sub svnsync {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	return $self->{svnsync} if $self->{svnsync};
+
+	if ($self->no_metadata) {
+		die "Can't have both 'noMetadata' and ",
+		    "'useSvnsyncProps' options set!\n";
+	}
+	if ($self->rewrite_root) {
+		die "Can't have both 'useSvnsyncProps' and 'rewriteRoot' ",
+		    "options set!\n";
+	}
+	if ($self->rewrite_uuid) {
+		die "Can't have both 'useSvnsyncProps' and 'rewriteUUID' ",
+		    "options set!\n";
+	}
+
+	my $svnsync;
+	# see if we have it in our config, first:
+	eval {
+		my $section = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}";
+
+		my $url = tmp_config('--get', "$section.svnsync-url");
+		($url) = ($url =~ m{^([a-z\+]+://\S+)$}) or
+		   die "doesn't look right - svn:sync-from-url is '$url'\n";
+
+		my $uuid = tmp_config('--get', "$section.svnsync-uuid");
+		($uuid) = ($uuid =~ m{^([0-9a-f\-]{30,})$}i) or
+		   die "doesn't look right - svn:sync-from-uuid is '$uuid'\n";
+
+		$svnsync = { url => $url, uuid => $uuid }
+	};
+	if ($svnsync && $svnsync->{url} && $svnsync->{uuid}) {
+		return $self->{svnsync} = $svnsync;
+	}
+
+	my $err = "useSvnsyncProps set, but failed to read " .
+	          "svnsync property: svn:sync-from-";
+	my $rp = $self->ra->rev_proplist(0);
+
+	my $url = $rp->{'svn:sync-from-url'} or die $err . "url\n";
+	($url) = ($url =~ m{^([a-z\+]+://\S+)$}) or
+	           die "doesn't look right - svn:sync-from-url is '$url'\n";
+
+	my $uuid = $rp->{'svn:sync-from-uuid'} or die $err . "uuid\n";
+	($uuid) = ($uuid =~ m{^([0-9a-f\-]{30,})$}i) or
+	           die "doesn't look right - svn:sync-from-uuid is '$uuid'\n";
+
+	my $section = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}";
+	tmp_config('--add', "$section.svnsync-uuid", $uuid);
+	tmp_config('--add', "$section.svnsync-url", $url);
+	return $self->{svnsync} = { url => $url, uuid => $uuid };
+}
+
+# this allows us to memoize our SVN::Ra UUID locally and avoid a
+# remote lookup (useful for 'git svn log').
+sub ra_uuid {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	unless ($self->{ra_uuid}) {
+		my $key = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.uuid";
+		my $uuid = eval { tmp_config('--get', $key) };
+		if (!$@ && $uuid && $uuid =~ /^([a-f\d\-]{30,})$/i) {
+			$self->{ra_uuid} = $uuid;
+		} else {
+			die "ra_uuid called without URL\n" unless $self->url;
+			$self->{ra_uuid} = $self->ra->get_uuid;
+			tmp_config('--add', $key, $self->{ra_uuid});
+		}
+	}
+	$self->{ra_uuid};
+}
+
+sub _set_repos_root {
+	my ($self, $repos_root) = @_;
+	my $k = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.reposRoot";
+	$repos_root ||= $self->ra->{repos_root};
+	tmp_config($k, $repos_root);
+	$repos_root;
+}
+
+sub repos_root {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	my $k = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.reposRoot";
+	eval { tmp_config('--get', $k) } || $self->_set_repos_root;
+}
+
+sub ra {
+	my ($self) = shift;
+	my $ra = Git::SVN::Ra->new($self->url);
+	$self->_set_repos_root($ra->{repos_root});
+	if ($self->use_svm_props && !$self->{svm}) {
+		if ($self->no_metadata) {
+			die "Can't have both 'noMetadata' and ",
+			    "'useSvmProps' options set!\n";
+		} elsif ($self->use_svnsync_props) {
+			die "Can't have both 'useSvnsyncProps' and ",
+			    "'useSvmProps' options set!\n";
+		}
+		$ra = $self->_set_svm_vars($ra);
+		$self->{-want_revprops} = 1;
+	}
+	$ra;
+}
+
+# prop_walk(PATH, REV, SUB)
+# -------------------------
+# Recursively traverse PATH at revision REV and invoke SUB for each
+# directory that contains a SVN property.  SUB will be invoked as
+# follows:  &SUB(gs, path, props);  where `gs' is this instance of
+# Git::SVN, `path' the path to the directory where the properties
+# `props' were found.  The `path' will be relative to point of checkout,
+# that is, if url://repo/trunk is the current Git branch, and that
+# directory contains a sub-directory `d', SUB will be invoked with `/d/'
+# as `path' (note the trailing `/').
+sub prop_walk {
+	my ($self, $path, $rev, $sub) = @_;
+
+	$path =~ s#^/##;
+	my ($dirent, undef, $props) = $self->ra->get_dir($path, $rev);
+	$path =~ s#^/*#/#g;
+	my $p = $path;
+	# Strip the irrelevant part of the path.
+	$p =~ s#^/+\Q@{[$self->path]}\E(/|$)#/#;
+	# Ensure the path is terminated by a `/'.
+	$p =~ s#/*$#/#;
+
+	# The properties contain all the internal SVN stuff nobody
+	# (usually) cares about.
+	my $interesting_props = 0;
+	foreach (keys %{$props}) {
+		# If it doesn't start with `svn:', it must be a
+		# user-defined property.
+		++$interesting_props and next if $_ !~ /^svn:/;
+		# FIXME: Fragile, if SVN adds new public properties,
+		# this needs to be updated.
+		++$interesting_props if /^svn:(?:ignore|keywords|executable
+		                                 |eol-style|mime-type
+						 |externals|needs-lock)$/x;
+	}
+	&$sub($self, $p, $props) if $interesting_props;
+
+	foreach (sort keys %$dirent) {
+		next if $dirent->{$_}->{kind} != $SVN::Node::dir;
+		$self->prop_walk($self->path . $p . $_, $rev, $sub);
+	}
+}
+
+sub last_rev { ($_[0]->last_rev_commit)[0] }
+sub last_commit { ($_[0]->last_rev_commit)[1] }
+
+# returns the newest SVN revision number and newest commit SHA1
+sub last_rev_commit {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	if (defined $self->{last_rev} && defined $self->{last_commit}) {
+		return ($self->{last_rev}, $self->{last_commit});
+	}
+	my $c = ::verify_ref($self->refname.'^0');
+	if ($c && !$self->use_svm_props && !$self->no_metadata) {
+		my $rev = (::cmt_metadata($c))[1];
+		if (defined $rev) {
+			($self->{last_rev}, $self->{last_commit}) = ($rev, $c);
+			return ($rev, $c);
+		}
+	}
+	my $map_path = $self->map_path;
+	unless (-e $map_path) {
+		($self->{last_rev}, $self->{last_commit}) = (undef, undef);
+		return (undef, undef);
+	}
+	my ($rev, $commit) = $self->rev_map_max(1);
+	($self->{last_rev}, $self->{last_commit}) = ($rev, $commit);
+	return ($rev, $commit);
+}
+
+sub get_fetch_range {
+	my ($self, $min, $max) = @_;
+	$max ||= $self->ra->get_latest_revnum;
+	$min ||= $self->rev_map_max;
+	(++$min, $max);
+}
+
+sub tmp_config {
+	my (@args) = @_;
+	my $old_def_config = "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn/config";
+	my $config = "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn/.metadata";
+	if (! -f $config && -f $old_def_config) {
+		rename $old_def_config, $config or
+		       die "Failed rename $old_def_config => $config: $!\n";
+	}
+	my $old_config = $ENV{GIT_CONFIG};
+	$ENV{GIT_CONFIG} = $config;
+	$@ = undef;
+	my @ret = eval {
+		unless (-f $config) {
+			mkfile($config);
+			open my $fh, '>', $config or
+			    die "Can't open $config: $!\n";
+			print $fh "; This file is used internally by ",
+			          "git-svn\n" or die
+				  "Couldn't write to $config: $!\n";
+			print $fh "; You should not have to edit it\n" or
+			      die "Couldn't write to $config: $!\n";
+			close $fh or die "Couldn't close $config: $!\n";
+		}
+		command('config', @args);
+	};
+	my $err = $@;
+	if (defined $old_config) {
+		$ENV{GIT_CONFIG} = $old_config;
+	} else {
+		delete $ENV{GIT_CONFIG};
+	}
+	die $err if $err;
+	wantarray ? @ret : $ret[0];
+}
+
+sub tmp_index_do {
+	my ($self, $sub) = @_;
+	my $old_index = $ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE};
+	$ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE} = $self->{index};
+	$@ = undef;
+	my @ret = eval {
+		my ($dir, $base) = ($self->{index} =~ m#^(.*?)/?([^/]+)$#);
+		mkpath([$dir]) unless -d $dir;
+		&$sub;
+	};
+	my $err = $@;
+	if (defined $old_index) {
+		$ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE} = $old_index;
+	} else {
+		delete $ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE};
+	}
+	die $err if $err;
+	wantarray ? @ret : $ret[0];
+}
+
+sub assert_index_clean {
+	my ($self, $treeish) = @_;
+
+	$self->tmp_index_do(sub {
+		command_noisy('read-tree', $treeish) unless -e $self->{index};
+		my $x = command_oneline('write-tree');
+		my ($y) = (command(qw/cat-file commit/, $treeish) =~
+		           /^tree ($::sha1)/mo);
+		return if $y eq $x;
+
+		warn "Index mismatch: $y != $x\nrereading $treeish\n";
+		unlink $self->{index} or die "unlink $self->{index}: $!\n";
+		command_noisy('read-tree', $treeish);
+		$x = command_oneline('write-tree');
+		if ($y ne $x) {
+			fatal "trees ($treeish) $y != $x\n",
+			      "Something is seriously wrong...";
+		}
+	});
+}
+
+sub get_commit_parents {
+	my ($self, $log_entry) = @_;
+	my (%seen, @ret, @tmp);
+	# legacy support for 'set-tree'; this is only used by set_tree_cb:
+	if (my $ip = $self->{inject_parents}) {
+		if (my $commit = delete $ip->{$log_entry->{revision}}) {
+			push @tmp, $commit;
+		}
+	}
+	if (my $cur = ::verify_ref($self->refname.'^0')) {
+		push @tmp, $cur;
+	}
+	if (my $ipd = $self->{inject_parents_dcommit}) {
+		if (my $commit = delete $ipd->{$log_entry->{revision}}) {
+			push @tmp, @$commit;
+		}
+	}
+	push @tmp, $_ foreach (@{$log_entry->{parents}}, @tmp);
+	while (my $p = shift @tmp) {
+		next if $seen{$p};
+		$seen{$p} = 1;
+		push @ret, $p;
+	}
+	@ret;
+}
+
+sub rewrite_root {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	return $self->{-rewrite_root} if exists $self->{-rewrite_root};
+	my $k = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.rewriteRoot";
+	my $rwr = eval { command_oneline(qw/config --get/, $k) };
+	if ($rwr) {
+		$rwr =~ s#/+$##;
+		if ($rwr !~ m#^[a-z\+]+://#) {
+			die "$rwr is not a valid URL (key: $k)\n";
+		}
+	}
+	$self->{-rewrite_root} = $rwr;
+}
+
+sub rewrite_uuid {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	return $self->{-rewrite_uuid} if exists $self->{-rewrite_uuid};
+	my $k = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.rewriteUUID";
+	my $rwid = eval { command_oneline(qw/config --get/, $k) };
+	if ($rwid) {
+		$rwid =~ s#/+$##;
+		if ($rwid !~ m#^[a-f0-9]{8}-(?:[a-f0-9]{4}-){3}[a-f0-9]{12}$#) {
+			die "$rwid is not a valid UUID (key: $k)\n";
+		}
+	}
+	$self->{-rewrite_uuid} = $rwid;
+}
+
+sub metadata_url {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	my $url = $self->rewrite_root || $self->url;
+	return canonicalize_url( add_path_to_url( $url, $self->path ) );
+}
+
+sub full_url {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	return canonicalize_url( add_path_to_url( $self->url, $self->path ) );
+}
+
+sub full_pushurl {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	if ($self->{pushurl}) {
+		return canonicalize_url( add_path_to_url( $self->{pushurl}, $self->path ) );
+	} else {
+		return $self->full_url;
+	}
+}
+
+sub set_commit_header_env {
+	my ($log_entry) = @_;
+	my %env;
+	foreach my $ned (qw/NAME EMAIL DATE/) {
+		foreach my $ac (qw/AUTHOR COMMITTER/) {
+			$env{"GIT_${ac}_${ned}"} = $ENV{"GIT_${ac}_${ned}"};
+		}
+	}
+
+	$ENV{GIT_AUTHOR_NAME} = $log_entry->{name};
+	$ENV{GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL} = $log_entry->{email};
+	$ENV{GIT_AUTHOR_DATE} = $ENV{GIT_COMMITTER_DATE} = $log_entry->{date};
+
+	$ENV{GIT_COMMITTER_NAME} = (defined $log_entry->{commit_name})
+						? $log_entry->{commit_name}
+						: $log_entry->{name};
+	$ENV{GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL} = (defined $log_entry->{commit_email})
+						? $log_entry->{commit_email}
+						: $log_entry->{email};
+	\%env;
+}
+
+sub restore_commit_header_env {
+	my ($env) = @_;
+	foreach my $ned (qw/NAME EMAIL DATE/) {
+		foreach my $ac (qw/AUTHOR COMMITTER/) {
+			my $k = "GIT_${ac}_${ned}";
+			if (defined $env->{$k}) {
+				$ENV{$k} = $env->{$k};
+			} else {
+				delete $ENV{$k};
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+sub gc {
+	command_noisy('gc', '--auto');
+};
+
+sub do_git_commit {
+	my ($self, $log_entry) = @_;
+	my $lr = $self->last_rev;
+	if (defined $lr && $lr >= $log_entry->{revision}) {
+		die "Last fetched revision of ", $self->refname,
+		    " was r$lr, but we are about to fetch: ",
+		    "r$log_entry->{revision}!\n";
+	}
+	if (my $c = $self->rev_map_get($log_entry->{revision})) {
+		croak "$log_entry->{revision} = $c already exists! ",
+		      "Why are we refetching it?\n";
+	}
+	my $old_env = set_commit_header_env($log_entry);
+	my $tree = $log_entry->{tree};
+	if (!defined $tree) {
+		$tree = $self->tmp_index_do(sub {
+		                            command_oneline('write-tree') });
+	}
+	die "Tree is not a valid sha1: $tree\n" if $tree !~ /^$::sha1$/o;
+
+	my @exec = ('git', 'commit-tree', $tree);
+	foreach ($self->get_commit_parents($log_entry)) {
+		push @exec, '-p', $_;
+	}
+	defined(my $pid = open3(my $msg_fh, my $out_fh, '>&STDERR', @exec))
+	                                                           or croak $!;
+	binmode $msg_fh;
+
+	# we always get UTF-8 from SVN, but we may want our commits in
+	# a different encoding.
+	if (my $enc = Git::config('i18n.commitencoding')) {
+		require Encode;
+		Encode::from_to($log_entry->{log}, 'UTF-8', $enc);
+	}
+	print $msg_fh $log_entry->{log} or croak $!;
+	restore_commit_header_env($old_env);
+	unless ($self->no_metadata) {
+		print $msg_fh "\ngit-svn-id: $log_entry->{metadata}\n"
+		              or croak $!;
+	}
+	$msg_fh->flush == 0 or croak $!;
+	close $msg_fh or croak $!;
+	chomp(my $commit = do { local $/; <$out_fh> });
+	close $out_fh or croak $!;
+	waitpid $pid, 0;
+	croak $? if $?;
+	if ($commit !~ /^$::sha1$/o) {
+		die "Failed to commit, invalid sha1: $commit\n";
+	}
+
+	$self->rev_map_set($log_entry->{revision}, $commit, 1);
+
+	$self->{last_rev} = $log_entry->{revision};
+	$self->{last_commit} = $commit;
+	print "r$log_entry->{revision}" unless $::_q > 1;
+	if (defined $log_entry->{svm_revision}) {
+		 print " (\@$log_entry->{svm_revision})" unless $::_q > 1;
+		 $self->rev_map_set($log_entry->{svm_revision}, $commit,
+		                   0, $self->svm_uuid);
+	}
+	print " = $commit ($self->{ref_id})\n" unless $::_q > 1;
+	if (--$_gc_nr == 0) {
+		$_gc_nr = $_gc_period;
+		gc();
+	}
+	return $commit;
+}
+
+sub match_paths {
+	my ($self, $paths, $r) = @_;
+	return 1 if $self->path eq '';
+	if (my $path = $paths->{"/".$self->path}) {
+		return ($path->{action} eq 'D') ? 0 : 1;
+	}
+	$self->{path_regex} ||= qr{^/\Q@{[$self->path]}\E/};
+	if (grep /$self->{path_regex}/, keys %$paths) {
+		return 1;
+	}
+	my $c = '';
+	foreach (split m#/#, $self->path) {
+		$c .= "/$_";
+		next unless ($paths->{$c} &&
+		             ($paths->{$c}->{action} =~ /^[AR]$/));
+		if ($self->ra->check_path($self->path, $r) ==
+		    $SVN::Node::dir) {
+			return 1;
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+sub find_parent_branch {
+	my ($self, $paths, $rev) = @_;
+	return undef unless $self->follow_parent;
+	unless (defined $paths) {
+		my $err_handler = $SVN::Error::handler;
+		$SVN::Error::handler = \&Git::SVN::Ra::skip_unknown_revs;
+		$self->ra->get_log([$self->path], $rev, $rev, 0, 1, 1,
+				   sub { $paths = $_[0] });
+		$SVN::Error::handler = $err_handler;
+	}
+	return undef unless defined $paths;
+
+	# look for a parent from another branch:
+	my @b_path_components = split m#/#, $self->path;
+	my @a_path_components;
+	my $i;
+	while (@b_path_components) {
+		$i = $paths->{'/'.join('/', @b_path_components)};
+		last if $i && defined $i->{copyfrom_path};
+		unshift(@a_path_components, pop(@b_path_components));
+	}
+	return undef unless defined $i && defined $i->{copyfrom_path};
+	my $branch_from = $i->{copyfrom_path};
+	if (@a_path_components) {
+		print STDERR "branch_from: $branch_from => ";
+		$branch_from .= '/'.join('/', @a_path_components);
+		print STDERR $branch_from, "\n";
+	}
+	my $r = $i->{copyfrom_rev};
+	my $repos_root = $self->ra->{repos_root};
+	my $url = $self->ra->url;
+	my $new_url = canonicalize_url( add_path_to_url( $url, $branch_from ) );
+	print STDERR  "Found possible branch point: ",
+	              "$new_url => ", $self->full_url, ", $r\n"
+	              unless $::_q > 1;
+	$branch_from =~ s#^/##;
+	my $gs = $self->other_gs($new_url, $url,
+		                 $branch_from, $r, $self->{ref_id});
+	my ($r0, $parent) = $gs->find_rev_before($r, 1);
+	{
+		my ($base, $head);
+		if (!defined $r0 || !defined $parent) {
+			($base, $head) = parse_revision_argument(0, $r);
+		} else {
+			if ($r0 < $r) {
+				$gs->ra->get_log([$gs->path], $r0 + 1, $r, 1,
+					0, 1, sub { $base = $_[1] - 1 });
+			}
+		}
+		if (defined $base && $base <= $r) {
+			$gs->fetch($base, $r);
+		}
+		($r0, $parent) = $gs->find_rev_before($r, 1);
+	}
+	if (defined $r0 && defined $parent) {
+		print STDERR "Found branch parent: ($self->{ref_id}) $parent\n"
+		             unless $::_q > 1;
+		my $ed;
+		if ($self->ra->can_do_switch) {
+			$self->assert_index_clean($parent);
+			print STDERR "Following parent with do_switch\n"
+			             unless $::_q > 1;
+			# do_switch works with svn/trunk >= r22312, but that
+			# is not included with SVN 1.4.3 (the latest version
+			# at the moment), so we can't rely on it
+			$self->{last_rev} = $r0;
+			$self->{last_commit} = $parent;
+			$ed = Git::SVN::Fetcher->new($self, $gs->path);
+			$gs->ra->gs_do_switch($r0, $rev, $gs,
+					      $self->full_url, $ed)
+			  or die "SVN connection failed somewhere...\n";
+		} elsif ($self->ra->trees_match($new_url, $r0,
+			                        $self->full_url, $rev)) {
+			print STDERR "Trees match:\n",
+			             "  $new_url\@$r0\n",
+			             "  ${\$self->full_url}\@$rev\n",
+			             "Following parent with no changes\n"
+			             unless $::_q > 1;
+			$self->tmp_index_do(sub {
+			    command_noisy('read-tree', $parent);
+			});
+			$self->{last_commit} = $parent;
+		} else {
+			print STDERR "Following parent with do_update\n"
+			             unless $::_q > 1;
+			$ed = Git::SVN::Fetcher->new($self);
+			$self->ra->gs_do_update($rev, $rev, $self, $ed)
+			  or die "SVN connection failed somewhere...\n";
+		}
+		print STDERR "Successfully followed parent\n" unless $::_q > 1;
+		return $self->make_log_entry($rev, [$parent], $ed);
+	}
+	return undef;
+}
+
+sub do_fetch {
+	my ($self, $paths, $rev) = @_;
+	my $ed;
+	my ($last_rev, @parents);
+	if (my $lc = $self->last_commit) {
+		# we can have a branch that was deleted, then re-added
+		# under the same name but copied from another path, in
+		# which case we'll have multiple parents (we don't
+		# want to break the original ref, nor lose copypath info):
+		if (my $log_entry = $self->find_parent_branch($paths, $rev)) {
+			push @{$log_entry->{parents}}, $lc;
+			return $log_entry;
+		}
+		$ed = Git::SVN::Fetcher->new($self);
+		$last_rev = $self->{last_rev};
+		$ed->{c} = $lc;
+		@parents = ($lc);
+	} else {
+		$last_rev = $rev;
+		if (my $log_entry = $self->find_parent_branch($paths, $rev)) {
+			return $log_entry;
+		}
+		$ed = Git::SVN::Fetcher->new($self);
+	}
+	unless ($self->ra->gs_do_update($last_rev, $rev, $self, $ed)) {
+		die "SVN connection failed somewhere...\n";
+	}
+	$self->make_log_entry($rev, \@parents, $ed);
+}
+
+sub mkemptydirs {
+	my ($self, $r) = @_;
+
+	sub scan {
+		my ($r, $empty_dirs, $line) = @_;
+		if (defined $r && $line =~ /^r(\d+)$/) {
+			return 0 if $1 > $r;
+		} elsif ($line =~ /^  \+empty_dir: (.+)$/) {
+			$empty_dirs->{$1} = 1;
+		} elsif ($line =~ /^  \-empty_dir: (.+)$/) {
+			my @d = grep {m[^\Q$1\E(/|$)]} (keys %$empty_dirs);
+			delete @$empty_dirs{@d};
+		}
+		1; # continue
+	};
+
+	my %empty_dirs = ();
+	my $gz_file = "$self->{dir}/unhandled.log.gz";
+	if (-f $gz_file) {
+		if (!can_compress()) {
+			warn "Compress::Zlib could not be found; ",
+			     "empty directories in $gz_file will not be read\n";
+		} else {
+			my $gz = Compress::Zlib::gzopen($gz_file, "rb") or
+				die "Unable to open $gz_file: $!\n";
+			my $line;
+			while ($gz->gzreadline($line) > 0) {
+				scan($r, \%empty_dirs, $line) or last;
+			}
+			$gz->gzclose;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (open my $fh, '<', "$self->{dir}/unhandled.log") {
+		binmode $fh or croak "binmode: $!";
+		while (<$fh>) {
+			scan($r, \%empty_dirs, $_) or last;
+		}
+		close $fh;
+	}
+
+	my $strip = qr/\A\Q@{[$self->path]}\E(?:\/|$)/;
+	foreach my $d (sort keys %empty_dirs) {
+		$d = uri_decode($d);
+		$d =~ s/$strip//;
+		next unless length($d);
+		next if -d $d;
+		if (-e $d) {
+			warn "$d exists but is not a directory\n";
+		} else {
+			print "creating empty directory: $d\n";
+			mkpath([$d]);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+sub get_untracked {
+	my ($self, $ed) = @_;
+	my @out;
+	my $h = $ed->{empty};
+	foreach (sort keys %$h) {
+		my $act = $h->{$_} ? '+empty_dir' : '-empty_dir';
+		push @out, "  $act: " . uri_encode($_);
+		warn "W: $act: $_\n";
+	}
+	foreach my $t (qw/dir_prop file_prop/) {
+		$h = $ed->{$t} or next;
+		foreach my $path (sort keys %$h) {
+			my $ppath = $path eq '' ? '.' : $path;
+			foreach my $prop (sort keys %{$h->{$path}}) {
+				next if $SKIP_PROP{$prop};
+				my $v = $h->{$path}->{$prop};
+				my $t_ppath_prop = "$t: " .
+				                    uri_encode($ppath) . ' ' .
+				                    uri_encode($prop);
+				if (defined $v) {
+					push @out, "  +$t_ppath_prop " .
+					           uri_encode($v);
+				} else {
+					push @out, "  -$t_ppath_prop";
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	foreach my $t (qw/absent_file absent_directory/) {
+		$h = $ed->{$t} or next;
+		foreach my $parent (sort keys %$h) {
+			foreach my $path (sort @{$h->{$parent}}) {
+				push @out, "  $t: " .
+				           uri_encode("$parent/$path");
+				warn "W: $t: $parent/$path ",
+				     "Insufficient permissions?\n";
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	\@out;
+}
+
+# parse_svn_date(DATE)
+# --------------------
+# Given a date (in UTC) from Subversion, return a string in the format
+# "<TZ Offset> <local date/time>" that Git will use.
+#
+# By default the parsed date will be in UTC; if $Git::SVN::_localtime
+# is true we'll convert it to the local timezone instead.
+sub parse_svn_date {
+	my $date = shift || return '+0000 1970-01-01 00:00:00';
+	my ($Y,$m,$d,$H,$M,$S) = ($date =~ /^(\d{4})\-(\d\d)\-(\d\d)T
+	                                    (\d\d)\:(\d\d)\:(\d\d)\.\d*Z$/x) or
+	                                 croak "Unable to parse date: $date\n";
+	my $parsed_date;    # Set next.
+
+	if ($Git::SVN::_localtime) {
+		# Translate the Subversion datetime to an epoch time.
+		# Begin by switching ourselves to $date's timezone, UTC.
+		my $old_env_TZ = $ENV{TZ};
+		$ENV{TZ} = 'UTC';
+
+		my $epoch_in_UTC =
+		    POSIX::strftime('%s', $S, $M, $H, $d, $m - 1, $Y - 1900);
+
+		# Determine our local timezone (including DST) at the
+		# time of $epoch_in_UTC.  $Git::SVN::Log::TZ stored the
+		# value of TZ, if any, at the time we were run.
+		if (defined $Git::SVN::Log::TZ) {
+			$ENV{TZ} = $Git::SVN::Log::TZ;
+		} else {
+			delete $ENV{TZ};
+		}
+
+		my $our_TZ = get_tz_offset();
+
+		# This converts $epoch_in_UTC into our local timezone.
+		my ($sec, $min, $hour, $mday, $mon, $year,
+		    $wday, $yday, $isdst) = localtime($epoch_in_UTC);
+
+		$parsed_date = sprintf('%s %04d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d',
+				       $our_TZ, $year + 1900, $mon + 1,
+				       $mday, $hour, $min, $sec);
+
+		# Reset us to the timezone in effect when we entered
+		# this routine.
+		if (defined $old_env_TZ) {
+			$ENV{TZ} = $old_env_TZ;
+		} else {
+			delete $ENV{TZ};
+		}
+	} else {
+		$parsed_date = "+0000 $Y-$m-$d $H:$M:$S";
+	}
+
+	return $parsed_date;
+}
+
+sub other_gs {
+	my ($self, $new_url, $url,
+	    $branch_from, $r, $old_ref_id) = @_;
+	my $gs = Git::SVN->find_by_url($new_url, $url, $branch_from);
+	unless ($gs) {
+		my $ref_id = $old_ref_id;
+		$ref_id =~ s/\@\d+-*$//;
+		$ref_id .= "\@$r";
+		# just grow a tail if we're not unique enough :x
+		$ref_id .= '-' while find_ref($ref_id);
+		my ($u, $p, $repo_id) = ($new_url, '', $ref_id);
+		if ($u =~ s#^\Q$url\E(/|$)##) {
+			$p = $u;
+			$u = $url;
+			$repo_id = $self->{repo_id};
+		}
+		while (1) {
+			# It is possible to tag two different subdirectories at
+			# the same revision.  If the url for an existing ref
+			# does not match, we must either find a ref with a
+			# matching url or create a new ref by growing a tail.
+			$gs = Git::SVN->init($u, $p, $repo_id, $ref_id, 1);
+			my (undef, $max_commit) = $gs->rev_map_max(1);
+			last if (!$max_commit);
+			my ($url) = ::cmt_metadata($max_commit);
+			last if ($url eq $gs->metadata_url);
+			$ref_id .= '-';
+		}
+		print STDERR "Initializing parent: $ref_id\n" unless $::_q > 1;
+	}
+	$gs
+}
+
+sub call_authors_prog {
+	my ($orig_author) = @_;
+	$orig_author = command_oneline('rev-parse', '--sq-quote', $orig_author);
+	my $author = `$::_authors_prog $orig_author`;
+	if ($? != 0) {
+		die "$::_authors_prog failed with exit code $?\n"
+	}
+	if ($author =~ /^\s*(.+?)\s*<(.*)>\s*$/) {
+		my ($name, $email) = ($1, $2);
+		$email = undef if length $2 == 0;
+		return [$name, $email];
+	} else {
+		die "Author: $orig_author: $::_authors_prog returned "
+			. "invalid author format: $author\n";
+	}
+}
+
+sub check_author {
+	my ($author) = @_;
+	if (!defined $author || length $author == 0) {
+		$author = '(no author)';
+	}
+	if (!defined $::users{$author}) {
+		if (defined $::_authors_prog) {
+			$::users{$author} = call_authors_prog($author);
+		} elsif (defined $::_authors) {
+			die "Author: $author not defined in $::_authors file\n";
+		}
+	}
+	$author;
+}
+
+sub find_extra_svk_parents {
+	my ($self, $ed, $tickets, $parents) = @_;
+	# aha!  svk:merge property changed...
+	my @tickets = split "\n", $tickets;
+	my @known_parents;
+	for my $ticket ( @tickets ) {
+		my ($uuid, $path, $rev) = split /:/, $ticket;
+		if ( $uuid eq $self->ra_uuid ) {
+			my $repos_root = $self->url;
+			my $branch_from = $path;
+			$branch_from =~ s{^/}{};
+			my $gs = $self->other_gs(add_path_to_url( $repos_root, $branch_from ),
+			                         $repos_root,
+			                         $branch_from,
+			                         $rev,
+			                         $self->{ref_id});
+			if ( my $commit = $gs->rev_map_get($rev, $uuid) ) {
+				# wahey!  we found it, but it might be
+				# an old one (!)
+				push @known_parents, [ $rev, $commit ];
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	# Ordering matters; highest-numbered commit merge tickets
+	# first, as they may account for later merge ticket additions
+	# or changes.
+	@known_parents = map {$_->[1]} sort {$b->[0] <=> $a->[0]} @known_parents;
+	for my $parent ( @known_parents ) {
+		my @cmd = ('rev-list', $parent, map { "^$_" } @$parents );
+		my ($msg_fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(@cmd);
+		my $new;
+		while ( <$msg_fh> ) {
+			$new=1;last;
+		}
+		command_close_pipe($msg_fh, $ctx);
+		if ( $new ) {
+			print STDERR
+			    "Found merge parent (svk:merge ticket): $parent\n";
+			push @$parents, $parent;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+sub lookup_svn_merge {
+	my $uuid = shift;
+	my $url = shift;
+	my $merge = shift;
+
+	my ($source, $revs) = split ":", $merge;
+	my $path = $source;
+	$path =~ s{^/}{};
+	my $gs = Git::SVN->find_by_url($url.$source, $url, $path);
+	if ( !$gs ) {
+		warn "Couldn't find revmap for $url$source\n";
+		return;
+	}
+	my @ranges = split ",", $revs;
+	my ($tip, $tip_commit);
+	my @merged_commit_ranges;
+	# find the tip
+	for my $range ( @ranges ) {
+		if ($range =~ /[*]$/) {
+			warn "W: Ignoring partial merge in svn:mergeinfo "
+				."dirprop: $source:$range\n";
+			next;
+		}
+		my ($bottom, $top) = split "-", $range;
+		$top ||= $bottom;
+		my $bottom_commit = $gs->find_rev_after( $bottom, 1, $top );
+		my $top_commit = $gs->find_rev_before( $top, 1, $bottom );
+
+		unless ($top_commit and $bottom_commit) {
+			warn "W: unknown path/rev in svn:mergeinfo "
+				."dirprop: $source:$range\n";
+			next;
+		}
+
+		if (scalar(command('rev-parse', "$bottom_commit^@"))) {
+			push @merged_commit_ranges,
+			     "$bottom_commit^..$top_commit";
+		} else {
+			push @merged_commit_ranges, "$top_commit";
+		}
+
+		if ( !defined $tip or $top > $tip ) {
+			$tip = $top;
+			$tip_commit = $top_commit;
+		}
+	}
+	return ($tip_commit, @merged_commit_ranges);
+}
+
+sub _rev_list {
+	my ($msg_fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(
+		"rev-list", @_,
+	       );
+	my @rv;
+	while ( <$msg_fh> ) {
+		chomp;
+		push @rv, $_;
+	}
+	command_close_pipe($msg_fh, $ctx);
+	@rv;
+}
+
+sub check_cherry_pick {
+	my $base = shift;
+	my $tip = shift;
+	my $parents = shift;
+	my @ranges = @_;
+	my %commits = map { $_ => 1 }
+		_rev_list("--no-merges", $tip, "--not", $base, @$parents, "--");
+	for my $range ( @ranges ) {
+		delete @commits{_rev_list($range, "--")};
+	}
+	for my $commit (keys %commits) {
+		if (has_no_changes($commit)) {
+			delete $commits{$commit};
+		}
+	}
+	return (keys %commits);
+}
+
+sub has_no_changes {
+	my $commit = shift;
+
+	my @revs = split / /, command_oneline(
+		qw(rev-list --parents -1 -m), $commit);
+
+	# Commits with no parents, e.g. the start of a partial branch,
+	# have changes by definition.
+	return 1 if (@revs < 2);
+
+	# Commits with multiple parents, e.g a merge, have no changes
+	# by definition.
+	return 0 if (@revs > 2);
+
+	return (command_oneline("rev-parse", "$commit^{tree}") eq
+		command_oneline("rev-parse", "$commit~1^{tree}"));
+}
+
+sub tie_for_persistent_memoization {
+	my $hash = shift;
+	my $path = shift;
+
+	if ($can_use_yaml) {
+		tie %$hash => 'Git::SVN::Memoize::YAML', "$path.yaml";
+	} else {
+		tie %$hash => 'Memoize::Storable', "$path.db", 'nstore';
+	}
+}
+
+# The GIT_DIR environment variable is not always set until after the command
+# line arguments are processed, so we can't memoize in a BEGIN block.
+{
+	my $memoized = 0;
+
+	sub memoize_svn_mergeinfo_functions {
+		return if $memoized;
+		$memoized = 1;
+
+		my $cache_path = "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn/.caches/";
+		mkpath([$cache_path]) unless -d $cache_path;
+
+		my %lookup_svn_merge_cache;
+		my %check_cherry_pick_cache;
+		my %has_no_changes_cache;
+
+		tie_for_persistent_memoization(\%lookup_svn_merge_cache,
+		    "$cache_path/lookup_svn_merge");
+		memoize 'lookup_svn_merge',
+			SCALAR_CACHE => 'FAULT',
+			LIST_CACHE => ['HASH' => \%lookup_svn_merge_cache],
+		;
+
+		tie_for_persistent_memoization(\%check_cherry_pick_cache,
+		    "$cache_path/check_cherry_pick");
+		memoize 'check_cherry_pick',
+			SCALAR_CACHE => 'FAULT',
+			LIST_CACHE => ['HASH' => \%check_cherry_pick_cache],
+		;
+
+		tie_for_persistent_memoization(\%has_no_changes_cache,
+		    "$cache_path/has_no_changes");
+		memoize 'has_no_changes',
+			SCALAR_CACHE => ['HASH' => \%has_no_changes_cache],
+			LIST_CACHE => 'FAULT',
+		;
+	}
+
+	sub unmemoize_svn_mergeinfo_functions {
+		return if not $memoized;
+		$memoized = 0;
+
+		Memoize::unmemoize 'lookup_svn_merge';
+		Memoize::unmemoize 'check_cherry_pick';
+		Memoize::unmemoize 'has_no_changes';
+	}
+
+	sub clear_memoized_mergeinfo_caches {
+		die "Only call this method in non-memoized context" if ($memoized);
+
+		my $cache_path = "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn/.caches/";
+		return unless -d $cache_path;
+
+		for my $cache_file (("$cache_path/lookup_svn_merge",
+				     "$cache_path/check_cherry_pick",
+				     "$cache_path/has_no_changes")) {
+			for my $suffix (qw(yaml db)) {
+				my $file = "$cache_file.$suffix";
+				next unless -e $file;
+				unlink($file) or die "unlink($file) failed: $!\n";
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	Memoize::memoize 'Git::SVN::repos_root';
+}
+
+END {
+	# Force cache writeout explicitly instead of waiting for
+	# global destruction to avoid segfault in Storable:
+	# http://rt.cpan.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=36087
+	unmemoize_svn_mergeinfo_functions();
+}
+
+sub parents_exclude {
+	my $parents = shift;
+	my @commits = @_;
+	return unless @commits;
+
+	my @excluded;
+	my $excluded;
+	do {
+		my @cmd = ('rev-list', "-1", @commits, "--not", @$parents );
+		$excluded = command_oneline(@cmd);
+		if ( $excluded ) {
+			my @new;
+			my $found;
+			for my $commit ( @commits ) {
+				if ( $commit eq $excluded ) {
+					push @excluded, $commit;
+					$found++;
+				}
+				else {
+					push @new, $commit;
+				}
+			}
+			die "saw commit '$excluded' in rev-list output, "
+				."but we didn't ask for that commit (wanted: @commits --not @$parents)"
+					unless $found;
+			@commits = @new;
+		}
+	}
+		while ($excluded and @commits);
+
+	return @excluded;
+}
+
+
+# note: this function should only be called if the various dirprops
+# have actually changed
+sub find_extra_svn_parents {
+	my ($self, $ed, $mergeinfo, $parents) = @_;
+	# aha!  svk:merge property changed...
+
+	memoize_svn_mergeinfo_functions();
+
+	# We first search for merged tips which are not in our
+	# history.  Then, we figure out which git revisions are in
+	# that tip, but not this revision.  If all of those revisions
+	# are now marked as merge, we can add the tip as a parent.
+	my @merges = split "\n", $mergeinfo;
+	my @merge_tips;
+	my $url = $self->url;
+	my $uuid = $self->ra_uuid;
+	my @all_ranges;
+	for my $merge ( @merges ) {
+		my ($tip_commit, @ranges) =
+			lookup_svn_merge( $uuid, $url, $merge );
+		unless (!$tip_commit or
+				grep { $_ eq $tip_commit } @$parents ) {
+			push @merge_tips, $tip_commit;
+			push @all_ranges, @ranges;
+		} else {
+			push @merge_tips, undef;
+		}
+	}
+
+	my %excluded = map { $_ => 1 }
+		parents_exclude($parents, grep { defined } @merge_tips);
+
+	# check merge tips for new parents
+	my @new_parents;
+	for my $merge_tip ( @merge_tips ) {
+		my $spec = shift @merges;
+		next unless $merge_tip and $excluded{$merge_tip};
+
+		# check out 'new' tips
+		my $merge_base;
+		eval {
+			$merge_base = command_oneline(
+				"merge-base",
+				@$parents, $merge_tip,
+			);
+		};
+		if ($@) {
+			die "An error occurred during merge-base"
+				unless $@->isa("Git::Error::Command");
+
+			warn "W: Cannot find common ancestor between ".
+			     "@$parents and $merge_tip. Ignoring merge info.\n";
+			next;
+		}
+
+		# double check that there are no missing non-merge commits
+		my (@incomplete) = check_cherry_pick(
+			$merge_base, $merge_tip,
+			$parents,
+			@all_ranges,
+		       );
+
+		if ( @incomplete ) {
+			warn "W:svn cherry-pick ignored ($spec) - missing "
+				.@incomplete." commit(s) (eg $incomplete[0])\n";
+		} else {
+			warn
+				"Found merge parent (svn:mergeinfo prop): ",
+					$merge_tip, "\n";
+			push @new_parents, $merge_tip;
+		}
+	}
+
+	# cater for merges which merge commits from multiple branches
+	if ( @new_parents > 1 ) {
+		for ( my $i = 0; $i <= $#new_parents; $i++ ) {
+			for ( my $j = 0; $j <= $#new_parents; $j++ ) {
+				next if $i == $j;
+				next unless $new_parents[$i];
+				next unless $new_parents[$j];
+				my $revs = command_oneline(
+					"rev-list", "-1",
+					"$new_parents[$i]..$new_parents[$j]",
+				       );
+				if ( !$revs ) {
+					undef($new_parents[$j]);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	push @$parents, grep { defined } @new_parents;
+}
+
+sub make_log_entry {
+	my ($self, $rev, $parents, $ed) = @_;
+	my $untracked = $self->get_untracked($ed);
+
+	my @parents = @$parents;
+	my $ps = $ed->{path_strip} || "";
+	for my $path ( grep { m/$ps/ } %{$ed->{dir_prop}} ) {
+		my $props = $ed->{dir_prop}{$path};
+		if ( $props->{"svk:merge"} ) {
+			$self->find_extra_svk_parents
+				($ed, $props->{"svk:merge"}, \@parents);
+		}
+		if ( $props->{"svn:mergeinfo"} ) {
+			$self->find_extra_svn_parents
+				($ed,
+				 $props->{"svn:mergeinfo"},
+				 \@parents);
+		}
+	}
+
+	open my $un, '>>', "$self->{dir}/unhandled.log" or croak $!;
+	print $un "r$rev\n" or croak $!;
+	print $un $_, "\n" foreach @$untracked;
+	my %log_entry = ( parents => \@parents, revision => $rev,
+	                  log => '');
+
+	my $headrev;
+	my $logged = delete $self->{logged_rev_props};
+	if (!$logged || $self->{-want_revprops}) {
+		my $rp = $self->ra->rev_proplist($rev);
+		foreach (sort keys %$rp) {
+			my $v = $rp->{$_};
+			if (/^svn:(author|date|log)$/) {
+				$log_entry{$1} = $v;
+			} elsif ($_ eq 'svm:headrev') {
+				$headrev = $v;
+			} else {
+				print $un "  rev_prop: ", uri_encode($_), ' ',
+					  uri_encode($v), "\n";
+			}
+		}
+	} else {
+		map { $log_entry{$_} = $logged->{$_} } keys %$logged;
+	}
+	close $un or croak $!;
+
+	$log_entry{date} = parse_svn_date($log_entry{date});
+	$log_entry{log} .= "\n";
+	my $author = $log_entry{author} = check_author($log_entry{author});
+	my ($name, $email) = defined $::users{$author} ? @{$::users{$author}}
+						       : ($author, undef);
+
+	my ($commit_name, $commit_email) = ($name, $email);
+	if ($_use_log_author) {
+		my $name_field;
+		if ($log_entry{log} =~ /From:\s+(.*\S)\s*\n/i) {
+			$name_field = $1;
+		} elsif ($log_entry{log} =~ /Signed-off-by:\s+(.*\S)\s*\n/i) {
+			$name_field = $1;
+		}
+		if (!defined $name_field) {
+			if (!defined $email) {
+				$email = $name;
+			}
+		} elsif ($name_field =~ /(.*?)\s+<(.*)>/) {
+			($name, $email) = ($1, $2);
+		} elsif ($name_field =~ /(.*)@/) {
+			($name, $email) = ($1, $name_field);
+		} else {
+			($name, $email) = ($name_field, $name_field);
+		}
+	}
+	if (defined $headrev && $self->use_svm_props) {
+		if ($self->rewrite_root) {
+			die "Can't have both 'useSvmProps' and 'rewriteRoot' ",
+			    "options set!\n";
+		}
+		if ($self->rewrite_uuid) {
+			die "Can't have both 'useSvmProps' and 'rewriteUUID' ",
+			    "options set!\n";
+		}
+		my ($uuid, $r) = $headrev =~ m{^([a-f\d\-]{30,}):(\d+)$}i;
+		# we don't want "SVM: initializing mirror for junk" ...
+		return undef if $r == 0;
+		my $svm = $self->svm;
+		if ($uuid ne $svm->{uuid}) {
+			die "UUID mismatch on SVM path:\n",
+			    "expected: $svm->{uuid}\n",
+			    "     got: $uuid\n";
+		}
+		my $full_url = $self->full_url;
+		$full_url =~ s#^\Q$svm->{replace}\E(/|$)#$svm->{source}$1# or
+		             die "Failed to replace '$svm->{replace}' with ",
+		                 "'$svm->{source}' in $full_url\n";
+		# throw away username for storing in records
+		remove_username($full_url);
+		$log_entry{metadata} = "$full_url\@$r $uuid";
+		$log_entry{svm_revision} = $r;
+		$email ||= "$author\@$uuid";
+		$commit_email ||= "$author\@$uuid";
+	} elsif ($self->use_svnsync_props) {
+		my $full_url = canonicalize_url(
+			add_path_to_url( $self->svnsync->{url}, $self->path )
+		);
+		remove_username($full_url);
+		my $uuid = $self->svnsync->{uuid};
+		$log_entry{metadata} = "$full_url\@$rev $uuid";
+		$email ||= "$author\@$uuid";
+		$commit_email ||= "$author\@$uuid";
+	} else {
+		my $url = $self->metadata_url;
+		remove_username($url);
+		my $uuid = $self->rewrite_uuid || $self->ra->get_uuid;
+		$log_entry{metadata} = "$url\@$rev " . $uuid;
+		$email ||= "$author\@" . $uuid;
+		$commit_email ||= "$author\@" . $uuid;
+	}
+	$log_entry{name} = $name;
+	$log_entry{email} = $email;
+	$log_entry{commit_name} = $commit_name;
+	$log_entry{commit_email} = $commit_email;
+	\%log_entry;
+}
+
+sub fetch {
+	my ($self, $min_rev, $max_rev, @parents) = @_;
+	my ($last_rev, $last_commit) = $self->last_rev_commit;
+	my ($base, $head) = $self->get_fetch_range($min_rev, $max_rev);
+	$self->ra->gs_fetch_loop_common($base, $head, [$self]);
+}
+
+sub set_tree_cb {
+	my ($self, $log_entry, $tree, $rev, $date, $author) = @_;
+	$self->{inject_parents} = { $rev => $tree };
+	$self->fetch(undef, undef);
+}
+
+sub set_tree {
+	my ($self, $tree) = (shift, shift);
+	my $log_entry = ::get_commit_entry($tree);
+	unless ($self->{last_rev}) {
+		fatal("Must have an existing revision to commit");
+	}
+	my %ed_opts = ( r => $self->{last_rev},
+	                log => $log_entry->{log},
+	                ra => $self->ra,
+	                tree_a => $self->{last_commit},
+	                tree_b => $tree,
+	                editor_cb => sub {
+			       $self->set_tree_cb($log_entry, $tree, @_) },
+	                svn_path => $self->path );
+	if (!Git::SVN::Editor->new(\%ed_opts)->apply_diff) {
+		print "No changes\nr$self->{last_rev} = $tree\n";
+	}
+}
+
+sub rebuild_from_rev_db {
+	my ($self, $path) = @_;
+	my $r = -1;
+	open my $fh, '<', $path or croak "open: $!";
+	binmode $fh or croak "binmode: $!";
+	while (<$fh>) {
+		length($_) == 41 or croak "inconsistent size in ($_) != 41";
+		chomp($_);
+		++$r;
+		next if $_ eq ('0' x 40);
+		$self->rev_map_set($r, $_);
+		print "r$r = $_\n";
+	}
+	close $fh or croak "close: $!";
+	unlink $path or croak "unlink: $!";
+}
+
+sub rebuild {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	my $map_path = $self->map_path;
+	my $partial = (-e $map_path && ! -z $map_path);
+	return unless ::verify_ref($self->refname.'^0');
+	if (!$partial && ($self->use_svm_props || $self->no_metadata)) {
+		my $rev_db = $self->rev_db_path;
+		$self->rebuild_from_rev_db($rev_db);
+		if ($self->use_svm_props) {
+			my $svm_rev_db = $self->rev_db_path($self->svm_uuid);
+			$self->rebuild_from_rev_db($svm_rev_db);
+		}
+		$self->unlink_rev_db_symlink;
+		return;
+	}
+	print "Rebuilding $map_path ...\n" if (!$partial);
+	my ($base_rev, $head) = ($partial ? $self->rev_map_max_norebuild(1) :
+		(undef, undef));
+	my ($log, $ctx) =
+	    command_output_pipe(qw/rev-list --pretty=raw --reverse/,
+				($head ? "$head.." : "") . $self->refname,
+				'--');
+	my $metadata_url = $self->metadata_url;
+	remove_username($metadata_url);
+	my $svn_uuid = $self->rewrite_uuid || $self->ra_uuid;
+	my $c;
+	while (<$log>) {
+		if ( m{^commit ($::sha1)$} ) {
+			$c = $1;
+			next;
+		}
+		next unless s{^\s*(git-svn-id:)}{$1};
+		my ($url, $rev, $uuid) = ::extract_metadata($_);
+		remove_username($url);
+
+		# ignore merges (from set-tree)
+		next if (!defined $rev || !$uuid);
+
+		# if we merged or otherwise started elsewhere, this is
+		# how we break out of it
+		if (($uuid ne $svn_uuid) ||
+		    ($metadata_url && $url && ($url ne $metadata_url))) {
+			next;
+		}
+		if ($partial && $head) {
+			print "Partial-rebuilding $map_path ...\n";
+			print "Currently at $base_rev = $head\n";
+			$head = undef;
+		}
+
+		$self->rev_map_set($rev, $c);
+		print "r$rev = $c\n";
+	}
+	command_close_pipe($log, $ctx);
+	print "Done rebuilding $map_path\n" if (!$partial || !$head);
+	my $rev_db_path = $self->rev_db_path;
+	if (-f $self->rev_db_path) {
+		unlink $self->rev_db_path or croak "unlink: $!";
+	}
+	$self->unlink_rev_db_symlink;
+}
+
+# rev_map:
+# Tie::File seems to be prone to offset errors if revisions get sparse,
+# it's not that fast, either.  Tie::File is also not in Perl 5.6.  So
+# one of my favorite modules is out :<  Next up would be one of the DBM
+# modules, but I'm not sure which is most portable...
+#
+# This is the replacement for the rev_db format, which was too big
+# and inefficient for large repositories with a lot of sparse history
+# (mainly tags)
+#
+# The format is this:
+#   - 24 bytes for every record,
+#     * 4 bytes for the integer representing an SVN revision number
+#     * 20 bytes representing the sha1 of a git commit
+#   - No empty padding records like the old format
+#     (except the last record, which can be overwritten)
+#   - new records are written append-only since SVN revision numbers
+#     increase monotonically
+#   - lookups on SVN revision number are done via a binary search
+#   - Piping the file to xxd -c24 is a good way of dumping it for
+#     viewing or editing (piped back through xxd -r), should the need
+#     ever arise.
+#   - The last record can be padding revision with an all-zero sha1
+#     This is used to optimize fetch performance when using multiple
+#     "fetch" directives in .git/config
+#
+# These files are disposable unless noMetadata or useSvmProps is set
+
+sub _rev_map_set {
+	my ($fh, $rev, $commit) = @_;
+
+	binmode $fh or croak "binmode: $!";
+	my $size = (stat($fh))[7];
+	($size % 24) == 0 or croak "inconsistent size: $size";
+
+	my $wr_offset = 0;
+	if ($size > 0) {
+		sysseek($fh, -24, SEEK_END) or croak "seek: $!";
+		my $read = sysread($fh, my $buf, 24) or croak "read: $!";
+		$read == 24 or croak "read only $read bytes (!= 24)";
+		my ($last_rev, $last_commit) = unpack(rev_map_fmt, $buf);
+		if ($last_commit eq ('0' x40)) {
+			if ($size >= 48) {
+				sysseek($fh, -48, SEEK_END) or croak "seek: $!";
+				$read = sysread($fh, $buf, 24) or
+				    croak "read: $!";
+				$read == 24 or
+				    croak "read only $read bytes (!= 24)";
+				($last_rev, $last_commit) =
+				    unpack(rev_map_fmt, $buf);
+				if ($last_commit eq ('0' x40)) {
+					croak "inconsistent .rev_map\n";
+				}
+			}
+			if ($last_rev >= $rev) {
+				croak "last_rev is higher!: $last_rev >= $rev";
+			}
+			$wr_offset = -24;
+		}
+	}
+	sysseek($fh, $wr_offset, SEEK_END) or croak "seek: $!";
+	syswrite($fh, pack(rev_map_fmt, $rev, $commit), 24) == 24 or
+	  croak "write: $!";
+}
+
+sub _rev_map_reset {
+	my ($fh, $rev, $commit) = @_;
+	my $c = _rev_map_get($fh, $rev);
+	$c eq $commit or die "_rev_map_reset(@_) commit $c does not match!\n";
+	my $offset = sysseek($fh, 0, SEEK_CUR) or croak "seek: $!";
+	truncate $fh, $offset or croak "truncate: $!";
+}
+
+sub mkfile {
+	my ($path) = @_;
+	unless (-e $path) {
+		my ($dir, $base) = ($path =~ m#^(.*?)/?([^/]+)$#);
+		mkpath([$dir]) unless -d $dir;
+		open my $fh, '>>', $path or die "Couldn't create $path: $!\n";
+		close $fh or die "Couldn't close (create) $path: $!\n";
+	}
+}
+
+sub rev_map_set {
+	my ($self, $rev, $commit, $update_ref, $uuid) = @_;
+	defined $commit or die "missing arg3\n";
+	length $commit == 40 or die "arg3 must be a full SHA1 hexsum\n";
+	my $db = $self->map_path($uuid);
+	my $db_lock = "$db.lock";
+	my $sigmask;
+	$update_ref ||= 0;
+	if ($update_ref) {
+		$sigmask = POSIX::SigSet->new();
+		my $signew = POSIX::SigSet->new(SIGINT, SIGHUP, SIGTERM,
+			SIGALRM, SIGUSR1, SIGUSR2);
+		sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, $signew, $sigmask) or
+			croak "Can't block signals: $!";
+	}
+	mkfile($db);
+
+	$LOCKFILES{$db_lock} = 1;
+	my $sync;
+	# both of these options make our .rev_db file very, very important
+	# and we can't afford to lose it because rebuild() won't work
+	if ($self->use_svm_props || $self->no_metadata) {
+		$sync = 1;
+		copy($db, $db_lock) or die "rev_map_set(@_): ",
+					   "Failed to copy: ",
+					   "$db => $db_lock ($!)\n";
+	} else {
+		rename $db, $db_lock or die "rev_map_set(@_): ",
+					    "Failed to rename: ",
+					    "$db => $db_lock ($!)\n";
+	}
+
+	sysopen(my $fh, $db_lock, O_RDWR | O_CREAT)
+	     or croak "Couldn't open $db_lock: $!\n";
+	if ($update_ref eq 'reset') {
+		clear_memoized_mergeinfo_caches();
+		_rev_map_reset($fh, $rev, $commit);
+	} else {
+		_rev_map_set($fh, $rev, $commit);
+	}
+
+	if ($sync) {
+		$fh->flush or die "Couldn't flush $db_lock: $!\n";
+		$fh->sync or die "Couldn't sync $db_lock: $!\n";
+	}
+	close $fh or croak $!;
+	if ($update_ref) {
+		$_head = $self;
+		my $note = "";
+		$note = " ($update_ref)" if ($update_ref !~ /^\d*$/);
+		command_noisy('update-ref', '-m', "r$rev$note",
+		              $self->refname, $commit);
+	}
+	rename $db_lock, $db or die "rev_map_set(@_): ", "Failed to rename: ",
+	                            "$db_lock => $db ($!)\n";
+	delete $LOCKFILES{$db_lock};
+	if ($update_ref) {
+		sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, $sigmask) or
+			croak "Can't restore signal mask: $!";
+	}
+}
+
+# If want_commit, this will return an array of (rev, commit) where
+# commit _must_ be a valid commit in the archive.
+# Otherwise, it'll return the max revision (whether or not the
+# commit is valid or just a 0x40 placeholder).
+sub rev_map_max {
+	my ($self, $want_commit) = @_;
+	$self->rebuild;
+	my ($r, $c) = $self->rev_map_max_norebuild($want_commit);
+	$want_commit ? ($r, $c) : $r;
+}
+
+sub rev_map_max_norebuild {
+	my ($self, $want_commit) = @_;
+	my $map_path = $self->map_path;
+	stat $map_path or return $want_commit ? (0, undef) : 0;
+	sysopen(my $fh, $map_path, O_RDONLY) or croak "open: $!";
+	binmode $fh or croak "binmode: $!";
+	my $size = (stat($fh))[7];
+	($size % 24) == 0 or croak "inconsistent size: $size";
+
+	if ($size == 0) {
+		close $fh or croak "close: $!";
+		return $want_commit ? (0, undef) : 0;
+	}
+
+	sysseek($fh, -24, SEEK_END) or croak "seek: $!";
+	sysread($fh, my $buf, 24) == 24 or croak "read: $!";
+	my ($r, $c) = unpack(rev_map_fmt, $buf);
+	if ($want_commit && $c eq ('0' x40)) {
+		if ($size < 48) {
+			return $want_commit ? (0, undef) : 0;
+		}
+		sysseek($fh, -48, SEEK_END) or croak "seek: $!";
+		sysread($fh, $buf, 24) == 24 or croak "read: $!";
+		($r, $c) = unpack(rev_map_fmt, $buf);
+		if ($c eq ('0'x40)) {
+			croak "Penultimate record is all-zeroes in $map_path";
+		}
+	}
+	close $fh or croak "close: $!";
+	$want_commit ? ($r, $c) : $r;
+}
+
+sub rev_map_get {
+	my ($self, $rev, $uuid) = @_;
+	my $map_path = $self->map_path($uuid);
+	return undef unless -e $map_path;
+
+	sysopen(my $fh, $map_path, O_RDONLY) or croak "open: $!";
+	my $c = _rev_map_get($fh, $rev);
+	close($fh) or croak "close: $!";
+	$c
+}
+
+sub _rev_map_get {
+	my ($fh, $rev) = @_;
+
+	binmode $fh or croak "binmode: $!";
+	my $size = (stat($fh))[7];
+	($size % 24) == 0 or croak "inconsistent size: $size";
+
+	if ($size == 0) {
+		return undef;
+	}
+
+	my ($l, $u) = (0, $size - 24);
+	my ($r, $c, $buf);
+
+	while ($l <= $u) {
+		my $i = int(($l/24 + $u/24) / 2) * 24;
+		sysseek($fh, $i, SEEK_SET) or croak "seek: $!";
+		sysread($fh, my $buf, 24) == 24 or croak "read: $!";
+		my ($r, $c) = unpack(rev_map_fmt, $buf);
+
+		if ($r < $rev) {
+			$l = $i + 24;
+		} elsif ($r > $rev) {
+			$u = $i - 24;
+		} else { # $r == $rev
+			return $c eq ('0' x 40) ? undef : $c;
+		}
+	}
+	undef;
+}
+
+# Finds the first svn revision that exists on (if $eq_ok is true) or
+# before $rev for the current branch.  It will not search any lower
+# than $min_rev.  Returns the git commit hash and svn revision number
+# if found, else (undef, undef).
+sub find_rev_before {
+	my ($self, $rev, $eq_ok, $min_rev) = @_;
+	--$rev unless $eq_ok;
+	$min_rev ||= 1;
+	my $max_rev = $self->rev_map_max;
+	$rev = $max_rev if ($rev > $max_rev);
+	while ($rev >= $min_rev) {
+		if (my $c = $self->rev_map_get($rev)) {
+			return ($rev, $c);
+		}
+		--$rev;
+	}
+	return (undef, undef);
+}
+
+# Finds the first svn revision that exists on (if $eq_ok is true) or
+# after $rev for the current branch.  It will not search any higher
+# than $max_rev.  Returns the git commit hash and svn revision number
+# if found, else (undef, undef).
+sub find_rev_after {
+	my ($self, $rev, $eq_ok, $max_rev) = @_;
+	++$rev unless $eq_ok;
+	$max_rev ||= $self->rev_map_max;
+	while ($rev <= $max_rev) {
+		if (my $c = $self->rev_map_get($rev)) {
+			return ($rev, $c);
+		}
+		++$rev;
+	}
+	return (undef, undef);
+}
+
+sub _new {
+	my ($class, $repo_id, $ref_id, $path) = @_;
+	unless (defined $repo_id && length $repo_id) {
+		$repo_id = $default_repo_id;
+	}
+	unless (defined $ref_id && length $ref_id) {
+		# Access the prefix option from the git-svn main program if it's loaded.
+		my $prefix = defined &::opt_prefix ? ::opt_prefix() : "";
+		$_[2] = $ref_id =
+		             "refs/remotes/$prefix$default_ref_id";
+	}
+	$_[1] = $repo_id;
+	my $dir = "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn/$ref_id";
+
+	# Older repos imported by us used $GIT_DIR/svn/foo instead of
+	# $GIT_DIR/svn/refs/remotes/foo when tracking refs/remotes/foo
+	if ($ref_id =~ m{^refs/remotes/(.*)}) {
+		my $old_dir = "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn/$1";
+		if (-d $old_dir && ! -d $dir) {
+			$dir = $old_dir;
+		}
+	}
+
+	$_[3] = $path = '' unless (defined $path);
+	mkpath([$dir]);
+	my $obj = bless {
+		ref_id => $ref_id, dir => $dir, index => "$dir/index",
+	        config => "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn/config",
+	        map_root => "$dir/.rev_map", repo_id => $repo_id }, $class;
+
+	# Ensure it gets canonicalized
+	$obj->path($path);
+
+	return $obj;
+}
+
+sub path {
+	my $self = shift;
+
+	if (@_) {
+		my $path = shift;
+		$self->{_path} = canonicalize_path($path);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	return $self->{_path};
+}
+
+sub url {
+	my $self = shift;
+
+	if (@_) {
+		my $url = shift;
+		$self->{url} = canonicalize_url($url);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	return $self->{url};
+}
+
+# for read-only access of old .rev_db formats
+sub unlink_rev_db_symlink {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	my $link = $self->rev_db_path;
+	$link =~ s/\.[\w-]+$// or croak "missing UUID at the end of $link";
+	if (-l $link) {
+		unlink $link or croak "unlink: $link failed!";
+	}
+}
+
+sub rev_db_path {
+	my ($self, $uuid) = @_;
+	my $db_path = $self->map_path($uuid);
+	$db_path =~ s{/\.rev_map\.}{/\.rev_db\.}
+	    or croak "map_path: $db_path does not contain '/.rev_map.' !";
+	$db_path;
+}
+
+# the new replacement for .rev_db
+sub map_path {
+	my ($self, $uuid) = @_;
+	$uuid ||= $self->ra_uuid;
+	"$self->{map_root}.$uuid";
+}
+
+sub uri_encode {
+	my ($f) = @_;
+	$f =~ s#([^a-zA-Z0-9\*!\:_\./\-])#sprintf("%%%02X",ord($1))#eg;
+	$f
+}
+
+sub uri_decode {
+	my ($f) = @_;
+	$f =~ s#%([0-9a-fA-F]{2})#chr(hex($1))#eg;
+	$f
+}
+
+sub remove_username {
+	$_[0] =~ s{^([^:]*://)[^@]+@}{$1};
+}
+
+1;
diff --git a/perl/Git/SVN/Editor.pm b/perl/Git/SVN/Editor.pm
index 755092f..b3bcd47 100644
--- a/perl/Git/SVN/Editor.pm
+++ b/perl/Git/SVN/Editor.pm
@@ -145,7 +145,8 @@
 sub url_path {
 	my ($self, $path) = @_;
 	if ($self->{url} =~ m#^https?://#) {
-		$path =~ s!([^~a-zA-Z0-9_./-])!uc sprintf("%%%02x",ord($1))!eg;
+		# characters are taken from subversion/libsvn_subr/path.c
+		$path =~ s#([^~a-zA-Z0-9_./!$&'()*+,-])#sprintf("%%%02X",ord($1))#eg;
 	}
 	$self->{url} . '/' . $self->repo_path($path);
 }
@@ -345,7 +346,30 @@
 	$self->close_file($fbat,undef,$self->{pool});
 }
 
-sub T { shift->M(@_) }
+sub T {
+	my ($self, $m, $deletions) = @_;
+
+	# Work around subversion issue 4091: toggling the "is a
+	# symlink" property requires removing and re-adding a
+	# file or else "svn up" on affected clients trips an
+	# assertion and aborts.
+	if (($m->{mode_b} =~ /^120/ && $m->{mode_a} !~ /^120/) ||
+	    ($m->{mode_b} !~ /^120/ && $m->{mode_a} =~ /^120/)) {
+		$self->D({
+			mode_a => $m->{mode_a}, mode_b => '000000',
+			sha1_a => $m->{sha1_a}, sha1_b => '0' x 40,
+			chg => 'D', file_b => $m->{file_b}
+		}, $deletions);
+		$self->A({
+			mode_a => '000000', mode_b => $m->{mode_b},
+			sha1_a => '0' x 40, sha1_b => $m->{sha1_b},
+			chg => 'A', file_b => $m->{file_b}
+		}, $deletions);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	$self->M($m, $deletions);
+}
 
 sub change_file_prop {
 	my ($self, $fbat, $pname, $pval) = @_;
@@ -475,6 +499,8 @@
 1;
 __END__
 
+=head1 NAME
+
 Git::SVN::Editor - commit driver for "git svn set-tree" and dcommit
 
 =head1 SYNOPSIS
diff --git a/perl/Git/SVN/Fetcher.pm b/perl/Git/SVN/Fetcher.pm
index ef8e9ed..bd17418 100644
--- a/perl/Git/SVN/Fetcher.pm
+++ b/perl/Git/SVN/Fetcher.pm
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package Git::SVN::Fetcher;
-use vars qw/@ISA $_ignore_regex $_preserve_empty_dirs $_placeholder_filename
-            @deleted_gpath %added_placeholder $repo_id/;
+use vars qw/@ISA $_ignore_regex $_include_regex $_preserve_empty_dirs
+            $_placeholder_filename @deleted_gpath %added_placeholder
+            $repo_id/;
 use strict;
 use warnings;
 use SVN::Delta;
@@ -33,6 +34,10 @@
 	my $v = eval { command_oneline('config', '--get', $k) };
 	$self->{ignore_regex} = $v;
 
+	$k = "svn-remote.$repo_id.include-paths";
+	$v = eval { command_oneline('config', '--get', $k) };
+	$self->{include_regex} = $v;
+
 	$k = "svn-remote.$repo_id.preserve-empty-dirs";
 	$v = eval { command_oneline('config', '--get', '--bool', $k) };
 	if ($v && $v eq 'true') {
@@ -57,6 +62,7 @@
 	$self->{file_prop} = {};
 	$self->{absent_dir} = {};
 	$self->{absent_file} = {};
+	require Git::IndexInfo;
 	$self->{gii} = $git_svn->tmp_index_do(sub { Git::IndexInfo->new });
 	$self->{pathnameencoding} = Git::config('svn.pathnameencoding');
 	$self;
@@ -82,7 +88,7 @@
 	chomp(my $empty_blob = `git hash-object -t blob --stdin < /dev/null`);
 	my ($ls, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(qw/ls-tree -r -z/, $cmt);
 	local $/ = "\0";
-	my $pfx = defined($switch_path) ? $switch_path : $git_svn->{path};
+	my $pfx = defined($switch_path) ? $switch_path : $git_svn->path;
 	$pfx .= '/' if length($pfx);
 	while (<$ls>) {
 		chomp;
@@ -116,11 +122,18 @@
 }
 
 # return value: 0 -- don't ignore, 1 -- ignore
+# This will also check whether the path is explicitly included
 sub is_path_ignored {
 	my ($self, $path) = @_;
 	return 1 if in_dot_git($path);
 	return 1 if defined($self->{ignore_regex}) &&
 	            $path =~ m!$self->{ignore_regex}!;
+	return 0 if defined($self->{include_regex}) &&
+	            $path =~ m!$self->{include_regex}!;
+	return 0 if defined($_include_regex) &&
+	            $path =~ m!$_include_regex!;
+	return 1 if defined($self->{include_regex});
+	return 1 if defined($_include_regex);
 	return 0 unless defined($_ignore_regex);
 	return 1 if $path =~ m!$_ignore_regex!o;
 	return 0;
@@ -511,6 +524,8 @@
 1;
 __END__
 
+=head1 NAME
+
 Git::SVN::Fetcher - tree delta consumer for "git svn fetch"
 
 =head1 SYNOPSIS
diff --git a/perl/Git/SVN/GlobSpec.pm b/perl/Git/SVN/GlobSpec.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c95f5d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/perl/Git/SVN/GlobSpec.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+package Git::SVN::GlobSpec;
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+sub new {
+	my ($class, $glob, $pattern_ok) = @_;
+	my $re = $glob;
+	$re =~ s!/+$!!g; # no need for trailing slashes
+	my (@left, @right, @patterns);
+	my $state = "left";
+	my $die_msg = "Only one set of wildcard directories " .
+				"(e.g. '*' or '*/*/*') is supported: '$glob'\n";
+	for my $part (split(m|/|, $glob)) {
+		if ($part =~ /\*/ && $part ne "*") {
+			die "Invalid pattern in '$glob': $part\n";
+		} elsif ($pattern_ok && $part =~ /[{}]/ &&
+			 $part !~ /^\{[^{}]+\}/) {
+			die "Invalid pattern in '$glob': $part\n";
+		}
+		if ($part eq "*") {
+			die $die_msg if $state eq "right";
+			$state = "pattern";
+			push(@patterns, "[^/]*");
+		} elsif ($pattern_ok && $part =~ /^\{(.*)\}$/) {
+			die $die_msg if $state eq "right";
+			$state = "pattern";
+			my $p = quotemeta($1);
+			$p =~ s/\\,/|/g;
+			push(@patterns, "(?:$p)");
+		} else {
+			if ($state eq "left") {
+				push(@left, $part);
+			} else {
+				push(@right, $part);
+				$state = "right";
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	my $depth = @patterns;
+	if ($depth == 0) {
+		die "One '*' is needed in glob: '$glob'\n";
+	}
+	my $left = join('/', @left);
+	my $right = join('/', @right);
+	$re = join('/', @patterns);
+	$re = join('\/',
+		   grep(length, quotemeta($left),
+                                "($re)(?=/|\$)",
+                                quotemeta($right)));
+	my $left_re = qr/^\/\Q$left\E(\/|$)/;
+	bless { left => $left, right => $right, left_regex => $left_re,
+	        regex => qr/$re/, glob => $glob, depth => $depth }, $class;
+}
+
+sub full_path {
+	my ($self, $path) = @_;
+	return (length $self->{left} ? "$self->{left}/" : '') .
+	       $path . (length $self->{right} ? "/$self->{right}" : '');
+}
+
+1;
diff --git a/perl/Git/SVN/Log.pm b/perl/Git/SVN/Log.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f8350a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/perl/Git/SVN/Log.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,399 @@
+package Git::SVN::Log;
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use Git::SVN::Utils qw(fatal);
+use Git qw(command
+           command_oneline
+           command_output_pipe
+           command_close_pipe
+           get_tz_offset);
+use POSIX qw/strftime/;
+use constant commit_log_separator => ('-' x 72) . "\n";
+use vars qw/$TZ $limit $color $pager $non_recursive $verbose $oneline
+            %rusers $show_commit $incremental/;
+
+# Option set in git-svn
+our $_git_format;
+
+sub cmt_showable {
+	my ($c) = @_;
+	return 1 if defined $c->{r};
+
+	# big commit message got truncated by the 16k pretty buffer in rev-list
+	if ($c->{l} && $c->{l}->[-1] eq "...\n" &&
+				$c->{a_raw} =~ /\@([a-f\d\-]+)>$/) {
+		@{$c->{l}} = ();
+		my @log = command(qw/cat-file commit/, $c->{c});
+
+		# shift off the headers
+		shift @log while ($log[0] ne '');
+		shift @log;
+
+		# TODO: make $c->{l} not have a trailing newline in the future
+		@{$c->{l}} = map { "$_\n" } grep !/^git-svn-id: /, @log;
+
+		(undef, $c->{r}, undef) = ::extract_metadata(
+				(grep(/^git-svn-id: /, @log))[-1]);
+	}
+	return defined $c->{r};
+}
+
+sub log_use_color {
+	return $color || Git->repository->get_colorbool('color.diff');
+}
+
+sub git_svn_log_cmd {
+	my ($r_min, $r_max, @args) = @_;
+	my $head = 'HEAD';
+	my (@files, @log_opts);
+	foreach my $x (@args) {
+		if ($x eq '--' || @files) {
+			push @files, $x;
+		} else {
+			if (::verify_ref("$x^0")) {
+				$head = $x;
+			} else {
+				push @log_opts, $x;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	my ($url, $rev, $uuid, $gs) = ::working_head_info($head);
+
+	require Git::SVN;
+	$gs ||= Git::SVN->_new;
+	my @cmd = (qw/log --abbrev-commit --pretty=raw --default/,
+	           $gs->refname);
+	push @cmd, '-r' unless $non_recursive;
+	push @cmd, qw/--raw --name-status/ if $verbose;
+	push @cmd, '--color' if log_use_color();
+	push @cmd, @log_opts;
+	if (defined $r_max && $r_max == $r_min) {
+		push @cmd, '--max-count=1';
+		if (my $c = $gs->rev_map_get($r_max)) {
+			push @cmd, $c;
+		}
+	} elsif (defined $r_max) {
+		if ($r_max < $r_min) {
+			($r_min, $r_max) = ($r_max, $r_min);
+		}
+		my (undef, $c_max) = $gs->find_rev_before($r_max, 1, $r_min);
+		my (undef, $c_min) = $gs->find_rev_after($r_min, 1, $r_max);
+		# If there are no commits in the range, both $c_max and $c_min
+		# will be undefined.  If there is at least 1 commit in the
+		# range, both will be defined.
+		return () if !defined $c_min || !defined $c_max;
+		if ($c_min eq $c_max) {
+			push @cmd, '--max-count=1', $c_min;
+		} else {
+			push @cmd, '--boundary', "$c_min..$c_max";
+		}
+	}
+	return (@cmd, @files);
+}
+
+# adapted from pager.c
+sub config_pager {
+	if (! -t *STDOUT) {
+		$ENV{GIT_PAGER_IN_USE} = 'false';
+		$pager = undef;
+		return;
+	}
+	chomp($pager = command_oneline(qw(var GIT_PAGER)));
+	if ($pager eq 'cat') {
+		$pager = undef;
+	}
+	$ENV{GIT_PAGER_IN_USE} = defined($pager);
+}
+
+sub run_pager {
+	return unless defined $pager;
+	pipe my ($rfd, $wfd) or return;
+	defined(my $pid = fork) or fatal "Can't fork: $!";
+	if (!$pid) {
+		open STDOUT, '>&', $wfd or
+		                     fatal "Can't redirect to stdout: $!";
+		return;
+	}
+	open STDIN, '<&', $rfd or fatal "Can't redirect stdin: $!";
+	$ENV{LESS} ||= 'FRSX';
+	exec $pager or fatal "Can't run pager: $! ($pager)";
+}
+
+sub format_svn_date {
+	my $t = shift || time;
+	require Git::SVN;
+	my $gmoff = get_tz_offset($t);
+	return strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S $gmoff (%a, %d %b %Y)", localtime($t));
+}
+
+sub parse_git_date {
+	my ($t, $tz) = @_;
+	# Date::Parse isn't in the standard Perl distro :(
+	if ($tz =~ s/^\+//) {
+		$t += tz_to_s_offset($tz);
+	} elsif ($tz =~ s/^\-//) {
+		$t -= tz_to_s_offset($tz);
+	}
+	return $t;
+}
+
+sub set_local_timezone {
+	if (defined $TZ) {
+		$ENV{TZ} = $TZ;
+	} else {
+		delete $ENV{TZ};
+	}
+}
+
+sub tz_to_s_offset {
+	my ($tz) = @_;
+	$tz =~ s/(\d\d)$//;
+	return ($1 * 60) + ($tz * 3600);
+}
+
+sub get_author_info {
+	my ($dest, $author, $t, $tz) = @_;
+	$author =~ s/(?:^\s*|\s*$)//g;
+	$dest->{a_raw} = $author;
+	my $au;
+	if ($::_authors) {
+		$au = $rusers{$author} || undef;
+	}
+	if (!$au) {
+		($au) = ($author =~ /<([^>]+)\@[^>]+>$/);
+	}
+	$dest->{t} = $t;
+	$dest->{tz} = $tz;
+	$dest->{a} = $au;
+	$dest->{t_utc} = parse_git_date($t, $tz);
+}
+
+sub process_commit {
+	my ($c, $r_min, $r_max, $defer) = @_;
+	if (defined $r_min && defined $r_max) {
+		if ($r_min == $c->{r} && $r_min == $r_max) {
+			show_commit($c);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		return 1 if $r_min == $r_max;
+		if ($r_min < $r_max) {
+			# we need to reverse the print order
+			return 0 if (defined $limit && --$limit < 0);
+			push @$defer, $c;
+			return 1;
+		}
+		if ($r_min != $r_max) {
+			return 1 if ($r_min < $c->{r});
+			return 1 if ($r_max > $c->{r});
+		}
+	}
+	return 0 if (defined $limit && --$limit < 0);
+	show_commit($c);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+my $l_fmt;
+sub show_commit {
+	my $c = shift;
+	if ($oneline) {
+		my $x = "\n";
+		if (my $l = $c->{l}) {
+			while ($l->[0] =~ /^\s*$/) { shift @$l }
+			$x = $l->[0];
+		}
+		$l_fmt ||= 'A' . length($c->{r});
+		print 'r',pack($l_fmt, $c->{r}),' | ';
+		print "$c->{c} | " if $show_commit;
+		print $x;
+	} else {
+		show_commit_normal($c);
+	}
+}
+
+sub show_commit_changed_paths {
+	my ($c) = @_;
+	return unless $c->{changed};
+	print "Changed paths:\n", @{$c->{changed}};
+}
+
+sub show_commit_normal {
+	my ($c) = @_;
+	print commit_log_separator, "r$c->{r} | ";
+	print "$c->{c} | " if $show_commit;
+	print "$c->{a} | ", format_svn_date($c->{t_utc}), ' | ';
+	my $nr_line = 0;
+
+	if (my $l = $c->{l}) {
+		while ($l->[$#$l] eq "\n" && $#$l > 0
+		                          && $l->[($#$l - 1)] eq "\n") {
+			pop @$l;
+		}
+		$nr_line = scalar @$l;
+		if (!$nr_line) {
+			print "1 line\n\n\n";
+		} else {
+			if ($nr_line == 1) {
+				$nr_line = '1 line';
+			} else {
+				$nr_line .= ' lines';
+			}
+			print $nr_line, "\n";
+			show_commit_changed_paths($c);
+			print "\n";
+			print $_ foreach @$l;
+		}
+	} else {
+		print "1 line\n";
+		show_commit_changed_paths($c);
+		print "\n";
+
+	}
+	foreach my $x (qw/raw stat diff/) {
+		if ($c->{$x}) {
+			print "\n";
+			print $_ foreach @{$c->{$x}}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+sub cmd_show_log {
+	my (@args) = @_;
+	my ($r_min, $r_max);
+	my $r_last = -1; # prevent dupes
+	set_local_timezone();
+	if (defined $::_revision) {
+		if ($::_revision =~ /^(\d+):(\d+)$/) {
+			($r_min, $r_max) = ($1, $2);
+		} elsif ($::_revision =~ /^\d+$/) {
+			$r_min = $r_max = $::_revision;
+		} else {
+			fatal "-r$::_revision is not supported, use ",
+				"standard 'git log' arguments instead";
+		}
+	}
+
+	config_pager();
+	@args = git_svn_log_cmd($r_min, $r_max, @args);
+	if (!@args) {
+		print commit_log_separator unless $incremental || $oneline;
+		return;
+	}
+	my $log = command_output_pipe(@args);
+	run_pager();
+	my (@k, $c, $d, $stat);
+	my $esc_color = qr/(?:\033\[(?:(?:\d+;)*\d*)?m)*/;
+	while (<$log>) {
+		if (/^${esc_color}commit (?:- )?($::sha1_short)/o) {
+			my $cmt = $1;
+			if ($c && cmt_showable($c) && $c->{r} != $r_last) {
+				$r_last = $c->{r};
+				process_commit($c, $r_min, $r_max, \@k) or
+								goto out;
+			}
+			$d = undef;
+			$c = { c => $cmt };
+		} elsif (/^${esc_color}author (.+) (\d+) ([\-\+]?\d+)$/o) {
+			get_author_info($c, $1, $2, $3);
+		} elsif (/^${esc_color}(?:tree|parent|committer) /o) {
+			# ignore
+		} elsif (/^${esc_color}:\d{6} \d{6} $::sha1_short/o) {
+			push @{$c->{raw}}, $_;
+		} elsif (/^${esc_color}[ACRMDT]\t/) {
+			# we could add $SVN->{svn_path} here, but that requires
+			# remote access at the moment (repo_path_split)...
+			s#^(${esc_color})([ACRMDT])\t#$1   $2 #o;
+			push @{$c->{changed}}, $_;
+		} elsif (/^${esc_color}diff /o) {
+			$d = 1;
+			push @{$c->{diff}}, $_;
+		} elsif ($d) {
+			push @{$c->{diff}}, $_;
+		} elsif (/^\ .+\ \|\s*\d+\ $esc_color[\+\-]*
+		          $esc_color*[\+\-]*$esc_color$/x) {
+			$stat = 1;
+			push @{$c->{stat}}, $_;
+		} elsif ($stat && /^ \d+ files changed, \d+ insertions/) {
+			push @{$c->{stat}}, $_;
+			$stat = undef;
+		} elsif (/^${esc_color}    (git-svn-id:.+)$/o) {
+			($c->{url}, $c->{r}, undef) = ::extract_metadata($1);
+		} elsif (s/^${esc_color}    //o) {
+			push @{$c->{l}}, $_;
+		}
+	}
+	if ($c && defined $c->{r} && $c->{r} != $r_last) {
+		$r_last = $c->{r};
+		process_commit($c, $r_min, $r_max, \@k);
+	}
+	if (@k) {
+		($r_min, $r_max) = ($r_max, $r_min);
+		process_commit($_, $r_min, $r_max) foreach reverse @k;
+	}
+out:
+	close $log;
+	print commit_log_separator unless $incremental || $oneline;
+}
+
+sub cmd_blame {
+	my $path = pop;
+
+	config_pager();
+	run_pager();
+
+	my ($fh, $ctx, $rev);
+
+	if ($_git_format) {
+		($fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe('blame', @_, $path);
+		while (my $line = <$fh>) {
+			if ($line =~ /^\^?([[:xdigit:]]+)\s/) {
+				# Uncommitted edits show up as a rev ID of
+				# all zeros, which we can't look up with
+				# cmt_metadata
+				if ($1 !~ /^0+$/) {
+					(undef, $rev, undef) =
+						::cmt_metadata($1);
+					$rev = '0' if (!$rev);
+				} else {
+					$rev = '0';
+				}
+				$rev = sprintf('%-10s', $rev);
+				$line =~ s/^\^?[[:xdigit:]]+(\s)/$rev$1/;
+			}
+			print $line;
+		}
+	} else {
+		($fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe('blame', '-p', @_, 'HEAD',
+						  '--', $path);
+		my ($sha1);
+		my %authors;
+		my @buffer;
+		my %dsha; #distinct sha keys
+
+		while (my $line = <$fh>) {
+			push @buffer, $line;
+			if ($line =~ /^([[:xdigit:]]{40})\s\d+\s\d+/) {
+				$dsha{$1} = 1;
+			}
+		}
+
+		my $s2r = ::cmt_sha2rev_batch([keys %dsha]);
+
+		foreach my $line (@buffer) {
+			if ($line =~ /^([[:xdigit:]]{40})\s\d+\s\d+/) {
+				$rev = $s2r->{$1};
+				$rev = '0' if (!$rev)
+			}
+			elsif ($line =~ /^author (.*)/) {
+				$authors{$rev} = $1;
+				$authors{$rev} =~ s/\s/_/g;
+			}
+			elsif ($line =~ /^\t(.*)$/) {
+				printf("%6s %10s %s\n", $rev, $authors{$rev}, $1);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	command_close_pipe($fh, $ctx);
+}
+
+1;
diff --git a/perl/Git/SVN/Migration.pm b/perl/Git/SVN/Migration.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..30daf35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/perl/Git/SVN/Migration.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+package Git::SVN::Migration;
+# these version numbers do NOT correspond to actual version numbers
+# of git nor git-svn.  They are just relative.
+#
+# v0 layout: .git/$id/info/url, refs/heads/$id-HEAD
+#
+# v1 layout: .git/$id/info/url, refs/remotes/$id
+#
+# v2 layout: .git/svn/$id/info/url, refs/remotes/$id
+#
+# v3 layout: .git/svn/$id, refs/remotes/$id
+#            - info/url may remain for backwards compatibility
+#            - this is what we migrate up to this layout automatically,
+#            - this will be used by git svn init on single branches
+# v3.1 layout (auto migrated):
+#            - .rev_db => .rev_db.$UUID, .rev_db will remain as a symlink
+#              for backwards compatibility
+#
+# v4 layout: .git/svn/$repo_id/$id, refs/remotes/$repo_id/$id
+#            - this is only created for newly multi-init-ed
+#              repositories.  Similar in spirit to the
+#              --use-separate-remotes option in git-clone (now default)
+#            - we do not automatically migrate to this (following
+#              the example set by core git)
+#
+# v5 layout: .rev_db.$UUID => .rev_map.$UUID
+#            - newer, more-efficient format that uses 24-bytes per record
+#              with no filler space.
+#            - use xxd -c24 < .rev_map.$UUID to view and debug
+#            - This is a one-way migration, repositories updated to the
+#              new format will not be able to use old git-svn without
+#              rebuilding the .rev_db.  Rebuilding the rev_db is not
+#              possible if noMetadata or useSvmProps are set; but should
+#              be no problem for users that use the (sensible) defaults.
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use Carp qw/croak/;
+use File::Path qw/mkpath/;
+use File::Basename qw/dirname basename/;
+
+our $_minimize;
+use Git qw(
+	command
+	command_noisy
+	command_output_pipe
+	command_close_pipe
+);
+
+sub migrate_from_v0 {
+	my $git_dir = $ENV{GIT_DIR};
+	return undef unless -d $git_dir;
+	my ($fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(qw/rev-parse --symbolic --all/);
+	my $migrated = 0;
+	while (<$fh>) {
+		chomp;
+		my ($id, $orig_ref) = ($_, $_);
+		next unless $id =~ s#^refs/heads/(.+)-HEAD$#$1#;
+		next unless -f "$git_dir/$id/info/url";
+		my $new_ref = "refs/remotes/$id";
+		if (::verify_ref("$new_ref^0")) {
+			print STDERR "W: $orig_ref is probably an old ",
+			             "branch used by an ancient version of ",
+				     "git-svn.\n",
+				     "However, $new_ref also exists.\n",
+				     "We will not be able ",
+				     "to use this branch until this ",
+				     "ambiguity is resolved.\n";
+			next;
+		}
+		print STDERR "Migrating from v0 layout...\n" if !$migrated;
+		print STDERR "Renaming ref: $orig_ref => $new_ref\n";
+		command_noisy('update-ref', $new_ref, $orig_ref);
+		command_noisy('update-ref', '-d', $orig_ref, $orig_ref);
+		$migrated++;
+	}
+	command_close_pipe($fh, $ctx);
+	print STDERR "Done migrating from v0 layout...\n" if $migrated;
+	$migrated;
+}
+
+sub migrate_from_v1 {
+	my $git_dir = $ENV{GIT_DIR};
+	my $migrated = 0;
+	return $migrated unless -d $git_dir;
+	my $svn_dir = "$git_dir/svn";
+
+	# just in case somebody used 'svn' as their $id at some point...
+	return $migrated if -d $svn_dir && ! -f "$svn_dir/info/url";
+
+	print STDERR "Migrating from a git-svn v1 layout...\n";
+	mkpath([$svn_dir]);
+	print STDERR "Data from a previous version of git-svn exists, but\n\t",
+	             "$svn_dir\n\t(required for this version ",
+	             "($::VERSION) of git-svn) does not exist.\n";
+	my ($fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(qw/rev-parse --symbolic --all/);
+	while (<$fh>) {
+		my $x = $_;
+		next unless $x =~ s#^refs/remotes/##;
+		chomp $x;
+		next unless -f "$git_dir/$x/info/url";
+		my $u = eval { ::file_to_s("$git_dir/$x/info/url") };
+		next unless $u;
+		my $dn = dirname("$git_dir/svn/$x");
+		mkpath([$dn]) unless -d $dn;
+		if ($x eq 'svn') { # they used 'svn' as GIT_SVN_ID:
+			mkpath(["$git_dir/svn/svn"]);
+			print STDERR " - $git_dir/$x/info => ",
+			                "$git_dir/svn/$x/info\n";
+			rename "$git_dir/$x/info", "$git_dir/svn/$x/info" or
+			       croak "$!: $x";
+			# don't worry too much about these, they probably
+			# don't exist with repos this old (save for index,
+			# and we can easily regenerate that)
+			foreach my $f (qw/unhandled.log index .rev_db/) {
+				rename "$git_dir/$x/$f", "$git_dir/svn/$x/$f";
+			}
+		} else {
+			print STDERR " - $git_dir/$x => $git_dir/svn/$x\n";
+			rename "$git_dir/$x", "$git_dir/svn/$x" or
+			       croak "$!: $x";
+		}
+		$migrated++;
+	}
+	command_close_pipe($fh, $ctx);
+	print STDERR "Done migrating from a git-svn v1 layout\n";
+	$migrated;
+}
+
+sub read_old_urls {
+	my ($l_map, $pfx, $path) = @_;
+	my @dir;
+	foreach (<$path/*>) {
+		if (-r "$_/info/url") {
+			$pfx .= '/' if $pfx && $pfx !~ m!/$!;
+			my $ref_id = $pfx . basename $_;
+			my $url = ::file_to_s("$_/info/url");
+			$l_map->{$ref_id} = $url;
+		} elsif (-d $_) {
+			push @dir, $_;
+		}
+	}
+	foreach (@dir) {
+		my $x = $_;
+		$x =~ s!^\Q$ENV{GIT_DIR}\E/svn/!!o;
+		read_old_urls($l_map, $x, $_);
+	}
+}
+
+sub migrate_from_v2 {
+	my @cfg = command(qw/config -l/);
+	return if grep /^svn-remote\..+\.url=/, @cfg;
+	my %l_map;
+	read_old_urls(\%l_map, '', "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn");
+	my $migrated = 0;
+
+	require Git::SVN;
+	foreach my $ref_id (sort keys %l_map) {
+		eval { Git::SVN->init($l_map{$ref_id}, '', undef, $ref_id) };
+		if ($@) {
+			Git::SVN->init($l_map{$ref_id}, '', $ref_id, $ref_id);
+		}
+		$migrated++;
+	}
+	$migrated;
+}
+
+sub minimize_connections {
+	require Git::SVN;
+	require Git::SVN::Ra;
+
+	my $r = Git::SVN::read_all_remotes();
+	my $new_urls = {};
+	my $root_repos = {};
+	foreach my $repo_id (keys %$r) {
+		my $url = $r->{$repo_id}->{url} or next;
+		my $fetch = $r->{$repo_id}->{fetch} or next;
+		my $ra = Git::SVN::Ra->new($url);
+
+		# skip existing cases where we already connect to the root
+		if (($ra->url eq $ra->{repos_root}) ||
+		    ($ra->{repos_root} eq $repo_id)) {
+			$root_repos->{$ra->url} = $repo_id;
+			next;
+		}
+
+		my $root_ra = Git::SVN::Ra->new($ra->{repos_root});
+		my $root_path = $ra->url;
+		$root_path =~ s#^\Q$ra->{repos_root}\E(/|$)##;
+		foreach my $path (keys %$fetch) {
+			my $ref_id = $fetch->{$path};
+			my $gs = Git::SVN->new($ref_id, $repo_id, $path);
+
+			# make sure we can read when connecting to
+			# a higher level of a repository
+			my ($last_rev, undef) = $gs->last_rev_commit;
+			if (!defined $last_rev) {
+				$last_rev = eval {
+					$root_ra->get_latest_revnum;
+				};
+				next if $@;
+			}
+			my $new = $root_path;
+			$new .= length $path ? "/$path" : '';
+			eval {
+				$root_ra->get_log([$new], $last_rev, $last_rev,
+			                          0, 0, 1, sub { });
+			};
+			next if $@;
+			$new_urls->{$ra->{repos_root}}->{$new} =
+			        { ref_id => $ref_id,
+				  old_repo_id => $repo_id,
+				  old_path => $path };
+		}
+	}
+
+	my @emptied;
+	foreach my $url (keys %$new_urls) {
+		# see if we can re-use an existing [svn-remote "repo_id"]
+		# instead of creating a(n ugly) new section:
+		my $repo_id = $root_repos->{$url} || $url;
+
+		my $fetch = $new_urls->{$url};
+		foreach my $path (keys %$fetch) {
+			my $x = $fetch->{$path};
+			Git::SVN->init($url, $path, $repo_id, $x->{ref_id});
+			my $pfx = "svn-remote.$x->{old_repo_id}";
+
+			my $old_fetch = quotemeta("$x->{old_path}:".
+			                          "$x->{ref_id}");
+			command_noisy(qw/config --unset/,
+			              "$pfx.fetch", '^'. $old_fetch . '$');
+			delete $r->{$x->{old_repo_id}}->
+			       {fetch}->{$x->{old_path}};
+			if (!keys %{$r->{$x->{old_repo_id}}->{fetch}}) {
+				command_noisy(qw/config --unset/,
+				              "$pfx.url");
+				push @emptied, $x->{old_repo_id}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if (@emptied) {
+		my $file = $ENV{GIT_CONFIG} || "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/config";
+		print STDERR <<EOF;
+The following [svn-remote] sections in your config file ($file) are empty
+and can be safely removed:
+EOF
+		print STDERR "[svn-remote \"$_\"]\n" foreach @emptied;
+	}
+}
+
+sub migration_check {
+	migrate_from_v0();
+	migrate_from_v1();
+	migrate_from_v2();
+	minimize_connections() if $_minimize;
+}
+
+1;
diff --git a/perl/Git/SVN/Prompt.pm b/perl/Git/SVN/Prompt.pm
index 3a6f8af..e940b08 100644
--- a/perl/Git/SVN/Prompt.pm
+++ b/perl/Git/SVN/Prompt.pm
@@ -62,16 +62,16 @@
 	                               issuer_dname fingerprint);
 	my $choice;
 prompt:
-	print STDERR $may_save ?
+	my $options = $may_save ?
 	      "(R)eject, accept (t)emporarily or accept (p)ermanently? " :
 	      "(R)eject or accept (t)emporarily? ";
 	STDERR->flush;
-	$choice = lc(substr(<STDIN> || 'R', 0, 1));
-	if ($choice =~ /^t$/i) {
+	$choice = lc(substr(Git::prompt("Certificate problem.\n" . $options) || 'R', 0, 1));
+	if ($choice eq 't') {
 		$cred->may_save(undef);
-	} elsif ($choice =~ /^r$/i) {
+	} elsif ($choice eq 'r') {
 		return -1;
-	} elsif ($may_save && $choice =~ /^p$/i) {
+	} elsif ($may_save && $choice eq 'p') {
 		$cred->may_save($may_save);
 	} else {
 		goto prompt;
@@ -109,9 +109,7 @@
 	if (defined $_username) {
 		$username = $_username;
 	} else {
-		print STDERR "Username: ";
-		STDERR->flush;
-		chomp($username = <STDIN>);
+		$username = Git::prompt("Username: ");
 	}
 	$cred->username($username);
 	$cred->may_save($may_save);
@@ -120,31 +118,15 @@
 
 sub _read_password {
 	my ($prompt, $realm) = @_;
-	my $password = '';
-	if (exists $ENV{GIT_ASKPASS}) {
-		open(PH, "-|", $ENV{GIT_ASKPASS}, $prompt);
-		$password = <PH>;
-		$password =~ s/[\012\015]//; # \n\r
-		close(PH);
-	} else {
-		print STDERR $prompt;
-		STDERR->flush;
-		require Term::ReadKey;
-		Term::ReadKey::ReadMode('noecho');
-		while (defined(my $key = Term::ReadKey::ReadKey(0))) {
-			last if $key =~ /[\012\015]/; # \n\r
-			$password .= $key;
-		}
-		Term::ReadKey::ReadMode('restore');
-		print STDERR "\n";
-		STDERR->flush;
-	}
+	my $password = Git::prompt($prompt, 1);
 	$password;
 }
 
 1;
 __END__
 
+=head1 NAME
+
 Git::SVN::Prompt - authentication callbacks for git-svn
 
 =head1 SYNOPSIS
diff --git a/perl/Git/SVN/Ra.pm b/perl/Git/SVN/Ra.pm
index 23ff43e..75ecc42 100644
--- a/perl/Git/SVN/Ra.pm
+++ b/perl/Git/SVN/Ra.pm
@@ -3,6 +3,12 @@
 use strict;
 use warnings;
 use SVN::Client;
+use Git::SVN::Utils qw(
+	canonicalize_url
+	canonicalize_path
+	add_path_to_url
+);
+
 use SVN::Ra;
 BEGIN {
 	@ISA = qw(SVN::Ra);
@@ -62,29 +68,11 @@
 	\@rv;
 }
 
-sub escape_uri_only {
-	my ($uri) = @_;
-	my @tmp;
-	foreach (split m{/}, $uri) {
-		s/([^~\w.%+-]|%(?![a-fA-F0-9]{2}))/sprintf("%%%02X",ord($1))/eg;
-		push @tmp, $_;
-	}
-	join('/', @tmp);
-}
-
-sub escape_url {
-	my ($url) = @_;
-	if ($url =~ m#^(https?)://([^/]+)(.*)$#) {
-		my ($scheme, $domain, $uri) = ($1, $2, escape_uri_only($3));
-		$url = "$scheme://$domain$uri";
-	}
-	$url;
-}
 
 sub new {
 	my ($class, $url) = @_;
-	$url =~ s!/+$!!;
-	return $RA if ($RA && $RA->{url} eq $url);
+	$url = canonicalize_url($url);
+	return $RA if ($RA && $RA->url eq $url);
 
 	::_req_svn();
 
@@ -115,17 +103,34 @@
 			$Git::SVN::Prompt::_no_auth_cache = 1;
 		}
 	} # no warnings 'once'
-	my $self = SVN::Ra->new(url => escape_url($url), auth => $baton,
+
+	my $self = SVN::Ra->new(url => $url, auth => $baton,
 	                      config => $config,
 			      pool => SVN::Pool->new,
 	                      auth_provider_callbacks => $callbacks);
-	$self->{url} = $url;
+	$RA = bless $self, $class;
+
+	# Make sure its canonicalized
+	$self->url($url);
 	$self->{svn_path} = $url;
 	$self->{repos_root} = $self->get_repos_root;
 	$self->{svn_path} =~ s#^\Q$self->{repos_root}\E(/|$)##;
 	$self->{cache} = { check_path => { r => 0, data => {} },
 	                   get_dir => { r => 0, data => {} } };
-	$RA = bless $self, $class;
+
+	return $RA;
+}
+
+sub url {
+	my $self = shift;
+
+	if (@_) {
+		my $url = shift;
+		$self->{url} = canonicalize_url($url);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	return $self->{url};
 }
 
 sub check_path {
@@ -195,6 +200,7 @@
 				qw/copyfrom_path copyfrom_rev action/;
 			if ($s{'copyfrom_path'}) {
 				$s{'copyfrom_path'} =~ s/$prefix_regex//;
+				$s{'copyfrom_path'} = canonicalize_path($s{'copyfrom_path'});
 			}
 			$_[0]{$p} = \%s;
 		}
@@ -246,7 +252,7 @@
 sub gs_do_update {
 	my ($self, $rev_a, $rev_b, $gs, $editor) = @_;
 	my $new = ($rev_a == $rev_b);
-	my $path = $gs->{path};
+	my $path = $gs->path;
 
 	if ($new && -e $gs->{index}) {
 		unlink $gs->{index} or die
@@ -282,30 +288,33 @@
 # svn_ra_reparent didn't work before 1.4)
 sub gs_do_switch {
 	my ($self, $rev_a, $rev_b, $gs, $url_b, $editor) = @_;
-	my $path = $gs->{path};
+	my $path = $gs->path;
 	my $pool = SVN::Pool->new;
 
-	my $full_url = $self->{url};
-	my $old_url = $full_url;
-	$full_url .= '/' . $path if length $path;
+	my $old_url = $self->url;
+	my $full_url = add_path_to_url( $self->url, $path );
 	my ($ra, $reparented);
 
-	if ($old_url =~ m#^svn(\+ssh)?://# ||
+	if ($old_url =~ m#^svn(\+\w+)?://# ||
 	    ($full_url =~ m#^https?://# &&
-	     escape_url($full_url) ne $full_url)) {
+	     canonicalize_url($full_url) ne $full_url)) {
 		$_[0] = undef;
 		$self = undef;
 		$RA = undef;
 		$ra = Git::SVN::Ra->new($full_url);
 		$ra_invalid = 1;
 	} elsif ($old_url ne $full_url) {
-		SVN::_Ra::svn_ra_reparent($self->{session}, $full_url, $pool);
-		$self->{url} = $full_url;
+		SVN::_Ra::svn_ra_reparent(
+			$self->{session},
+			canonicalize_url($full_url),
+			$pool
+		);
+		$self->url($full_url);
 		$reparented = 1;
 	}
 
 	$ra ||= $self;
-	$url_b = escape_url($url_b);
+	$url_b = canonicalize_url($url_b);
 	my $reporter = $ra->do_switch($rev_b, '', 1, $url_b, $editor, $pool);
 	my @lock = (::compare_svn_version('1.2.0') >= 0) ? (undef) : ();
 	$reporter->set_path('', $rev_a, 0, @lock, $pool);
@@ -313,7 +322,7 @@
 
 	if ($reparented) {
 		SVN::_Ra::svn_ra_reparent($self->{session}, $old_url, $pool);
-		$self->{url} = $old_url;
+		$self->url($old_url);
 	}
 
 	$pool->clear;
@@ -326,7 +335,7 @@
 	my $common_max = scalar @$gsv;
 
 	foreach my $gs (@$gsv) {
-		my @tmp = split m#/#, $gs->{path};
+		my @tmp = split m#/#, $gs->path;
 		my $p = '';
 		foreach (@tmp) {
 			$p .= length($p) ? "/$_" : $_;
@@ -362,7 +371,7 @@
 	my $inc = $_log_window_size;
 	my ($min, $max) = ($base, $head < $base + $inc ? $head : $base + $inc);
 	my $longest_path = longest_common_path($gsv, $globs);
-	my $ra_url = $self->{url};
+	my $ra_url = $self->url;
 	my $find_trailing_edge;
 	while (1) {
 		my %revs;
@@ -407,7 +416,7 @@
 		}
 		$SVN::Error::handler = $err_handler;
 
-		my %exists = map { $_->{path} => $_ } @$gsv;
+		my %exists = map { $_->path => $_ } @$gsv;
 		foreach my $r (sort {$a <=> $b} keys %revs) {
 			my ($paths, $logged) = @{$revs{$r}};
 
@@ -508,7 +517,7 @@
 				 ($self->check_path($p, $r) !=
 				  $SVN::Node::dir));
 			next unless $p =~ /$g->{path}->{regex}/;
-			$exists->{$p} = Git::SVN->init($self->{url}, $p, undef,
+			$exists->{$p} = Git::SVN->init($self->url, $p, undef,
 					 $g->{ref}->full_path($de), 1);
 		}
 	}
@@ -532,7 +541,7 @@
 			next if ($self->check_path($pathname, $r) !=
 			         $SVN::Node::dir);
 			$exists->{$pathname} = Git::SVN->init(
-			                      $self->{url}, $pathname, undef,
+			                      $self->url, $pathname, undef,
 			                      $g->{ref}->full_path($p), 1);
 		}
 		my $c = '';
@@ -548,19 +557,20 @@
 
 sub minimize_url {
 	my ($self) = @_;
-	return $self->{url} if ($self->{url} eq $self->{repos_root});
+	return $self->url if ($self->url eq $self->{repos_root});
 	my $url = $self->{repos_root};
 	my @components = split(m!/!, $self->{svn_path});
 	my $c = '';
 	do {
-		$url .= "/$c" if length $c;
+		$url = add_path_to_url($url, $c);
 		eval {
 			my $ra = (ref $self)->new($url);
 			my $latest = $ra->get_latest_revnum;
 			$ra->get_log("", $latest, 0, 1, 0, 1, sub {});
 		};
 	} while ($@ && ($c = shift @components));
-	$url;
+
+	return canonicalize_url($url);
 }
 
 sub can_do_switch {
@@ -568,7 +578,7 @@
 	unless (defined $can_do_switch) {
 		my $pool = SVN::Pool->new;
 		my $rep = eval {
-			$self->do_switch(1, '', 0, $self->{url},
+			$self->do_switch(1, '', 0, $self->url,
 			                 SVN::Delta::Editor->new, $pool);
 		};
 		if ($@) {
@@ -617,6 +627,8 @@
 1;
 __END__
 
+=head1 NAME
+
 Git::SVN::Ra - Subversion remote access functions for git-svn
 
 =head1 SYNOPSIS
diff --git a/perl/Git/SVN/Utils.pm b/perl/Git/SVN/Utils.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d1a093
--- /dev/null
+++ b/perl/Git/SVN/Utils.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+package Git::SVN::Utils;
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+use SVN::Core;
+
+use base qw(Exporter);
+
+our @EXPORT_OK = qw(
+	fatal
+	can_compress
+	canonicalize_path
+	canonicalize_url
+	join_paths
+	add_path_to_url
+);
+
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+Git::SVN::Utils - utility functions used across Git::SVN
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS
+
+    use Git::SVN::Utils qw(functions to import);
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+This module contains functions which are useful across many different
+parts of Git::SVN.  Mostly it's a place to put utility functions
+rather than duplicate the code or have classes grabbing at other
+classes.
+
+=head1 FUNCTIONS
+
+All functions can be imported only on request.
+
+=head3 fatal
+
+    fatal(@message);
+
+Display a message and exit with a fatal error code.
+
+=cut
+
+# Note: not certain why this is in use instead of die.  Probably because
+# the exit code of die is 255?  Doesn't appear to be used consistently.
+sub fatal (@) { print STDERR "@_\n"; exit 1 }
+
+
+=head3 can_compress
+
+    my $can_compress = can_compress;
+
+Returns true if Compress::Zlib is available, false otherwise.
+
+=cut
+
+my $can_compress;
+sub can_compress {
+	return $can_compress if defined $can_compress;
+
+	return $can_compress = eval { require Compress::Zlib; };
+}
+
+
+=head3 canonicalize_path
+
+    my $canoncalized_path = canonicalize_path($path);
+
+Converts $path into a canonical form which is safe to pass to the SVN
+API as a file path.
+
+=cut
+
+# Turn foo/../bar into bar
+sub _collapse_dotdot {
+	my $path = shift;
+
+	1 while $path =~ s{/[^/]+/+\.\.}{};
+	1 while $path =~ s{[^/]+/+\.\./}{};
+	1 while $path =~ s{[^/]+/+\.\.}{};
+
+	return $path;
+}
+
+
+sub canonicalize_path {
+	my $path = shift;
+	my $rv;
+
+	# The 1.7 way to do it
+	if ( defined &SVN::_Core::svn_dirent_canonicalize ) {
+		$path = _collapse_dotdot($path);
+		$rv = SVN::_Core::svn_dirent_canonicalize($path);
+	}
+	# The 1.6 way to do it
+	# This can return undef on subversion-perl-1.4.2-2.el5 (CentOS 5.2)
+	elsif ( defined &SVN::_Core::svn_path_canonicalize ) {
+		$path = _collapse_dotdot($path);
+		$rv = SVN::_Core::svn_path_canonicalize($path);
+	}
+
+	return $rv if defined $rv;
+
+	# No SVN API canonicalization is available, or the SVN API
+	# didn't return a successful result, do it ourselves
+	return _canonicalize_path_ourselves($path);
+}
+
+
+sub _canonicalize_path_ourselves {
+	my ($path) = @_;
+	my $dot_slash_added = 0;
+	if (substr($path, 0, 1) ne "/") {
+		$path = "./" . $path;
+		$dot_slash_added = 1;
+	}
+	$path =~ s#/+#/#g;
+	$path =~ s#/\.(?:/|$)#/#g;
+	$path = _collapse_dotdot($path);
+	$path =~ s#/$##g;
+	$path =~ s#^\./## if $dot_slash_added;
+	$path =~ s#^\.$##;
+	return $path;
+}
+
+
+=head3 canonicalize_url
+
+    my $canonicalized_url = canonicalize_url($url);
+
+Converts $url into a canonical form which is safe to pass to the SVN
+API as a URL.
+
+=cut
+
+sub canonicalize_url {
+	my $url = shift;
+
+	# The 1.7 way to do it
+	if ( defined &SVN::_Core::svn_uri_canonicalize ) {
+		return SVN::_Core::svn_uri_canonicalize($url);
+	}
+	# There wasn't a 1.6 way to do it, so we do it ourself.
+	else {
+		return _canonicalize_url_ourselves($url);
+	}
+}
+
+
+sub _canonicalize_url_path {
+	my ($uri_path) = @_;
+
+	my @parts;
+	foreach my $part (split m{/+}, $uri_path) {
+		$part =~ s/([^!\$%&'()*+,.\/\w:=\@_`~-]|%(?![a-fA-F0-9]{2}))/sprintf("%%%02X",ord($1))/eg;
+		push @parts, $part;
+	}
+
+	return join('/', @parts);
+}
+
+sub _canonicalize_url_ourselves {
+	my ($url) = @_;
+	if ($url =~ m#^([^:]+)://([^/]*)(.*)$#) {
+		my ($scheme, $domain, $uri) = ($1, $2, _canonicalize_url_path(canonicalize_path($3)));
+		$url = "$scheme://$domain$uri";
+	}
+	$url;
+}
+
+
+=head3 join_paths
+
+    my $new_path = join_paths(@paths);
+
+Appends @paths together into a single path.  Any empty paths are ignored.
+
+=cut
+
+sub join_paths {
+	my @paths = @_;
+
+	@paths = grep { defined $_ && length $_ } @paths;
+
+	return '' unless @paths;
+	return $paths[0] if @paths == 1;
+
+	my $new_path = shift @paths;
+	$new_path =~ s{/+$}{};
+
+	my $last_path = pop @paths;
+	$last_path =~ s{^/+}{};
+
+	for my $path (@paths) {
+		$path =~ s{^/+}{};
+		$path =~ s{/+$}{};
+		$new_path .= "/$path";
+	}
+
+	return $new_path .= "/$last_path";
+}
+
+
+=head3 add_path_to_url
+
+    my $new_url = add_path_to_url($url, $path);
+
+Appends $path onto the $url.  If $path is empty, $url is returned unchanged.
+
+=cut
+
+sub add_path_to_url {
+	my($url, $path) = @_;
+
+	return $url if !defined $path or !length $path;
+
+	# Strip trailing and leading slashes so we don't
+	# wind up with http://x.com///path
+	$url  =~ s{/+$}{};
+	$path =~ s{^/+}{};
+
+	# If a path has a % in it, URI escape it so it's not
+	# mistaken for a URI escape later.
+	$path =~ s{%}{%25}g;
+
+	return join '/', $url, $path;
+}
+
+1;
diff --git a/perl/Makefile b/perl/Makefile
index fe7a486..15d96fc 100644
--- a/perl/Makefile
+++ b/perl/Makefile
@@ -20,36 +20,57 @@
 	$(RM) ppport.h
 	$(RM) $(makfile)
 	$(RM) $(makfile).old
+	$(RM) PM.stamp
+
+$(makfile): PM.stamp
 
 ifdef NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER
 instdir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(prefix)/lib)
 
 modules += Git
 modules += Git/I18N
+modules += Git/IndexInfo
+modules += Git/SVN
 modules += Git/SVN/Memoize/YAML
 modules += Git/SVN/Fetcher
 modules += Git/SVN/Editor
+modules += Git/SVN/GlobSpec
+modules += Git/SVN/Log
+modules += Git/SVN/Migration
 modules += Git/SVN/Prompt
 modules += Git/SVN/Ra
+modules += Git/SVN/Utils
 
 $(makfile): ../GIT-CFLAGS Makefile
 	echo all: private-Error.pm Git.pm Git/I18N.pm > $@
-	echo '	mkdir -p blib/lib/Git/SVN/Memoize' >> $@
 	set -e; \
 	for i in $(modules); \
 	do \
+		if test $$i = $${i%/*}; \
+		then \
+			subdir=; \
+		else \
+			subdir=/$${i%/*}; \
+		fi; \
 		echo '	$(RM) blib/lib/'$$i'.pm' >> $@; \
+		echo '	mkdir -p blib/lib'$$subdir >> $@; \
 		echo '	cp '$$i'.pm blib/lib/'$$i'.pm' >> $@; \
 	done
 	echo '	$(RM) blib/lib/Error.pm' >> $@
 	'$(PERL_PATH_SQ)' -MError -e 'exit($$Error::VERSION < 0.15009)' || \
 	echo '	cp private-Error.pm blib/lib/Error.pm' >> $@
 	echo install: >> $@
-	echo '	mkdir -p "$$(DESTDIR)$(instdir_SQ)/Git/SVN/Memoize"' >> $@
 	set -e; \
 	for i in $(modules); \
 	do \
+		if test $$i = $${i%/*}; \
+		then \
+			subdir=; \
+		else \
+			subdir=/$${i%/*}; \
+		fi; \
 		echo '	$(RM) "$$(DESTDIR)$(instdir_SQ)/'$$i'.pm"' >> $@; \
+		echo '	mkdir -p "$$(DESTDIR)$(instdir_SQ)'$$subdir'"' >> $@; \
 		echo '	cp '$$i'.pm "$$(DESTDIR)$(instdir_SQ)/'$$i'.pm"' >> $@; \
 	done
 	echo '	$(RM) "$$(DESTDIR)$(instdir_SQ)/Error.pm"' >> $@
diff --git a/perl/Makefile.PL b/perl/Makefile.PL
index b54b04a..3f29ba9 100644
--- a/perl/Makefile.PL
+++ b/perl/Makefile.PL
@@ -2,11 +2,16 @@
 use warnings;
 use ExtUtils::MakeMaker;
 use Getopt::Long;
+use File::Find;
+
+# Don't forget to update the perl/Makefile, too.
+# Don't forget to test with NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER=YesPlease
 
 # Sanity: die at first unknown option
 Getopt::Long::Configure qw/ pass_through /;
 
-GetOptions("localedir=s" => \my $localedir);
+my $localedir = '';
+GetOptions("localedir=s" => \$localedir);
 
 sub MY::postamble {
 	return <<'MAKE_FRAG';
@@ -24,24 +29,22 @@
 MAKE_FRAG
 }
 
-# XXX. When editing this list:
-#
-# * Please update perl/Makefile, too.
-# * Don't forget to test with NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER=YesPlease
-my %pm = (
-	'Git.pm' => '$(INST_LIBDIR)/Git.pm',
-	'Git/I18N.pm' => '$(INST_LIBDIR)/Git/I18N.pm',
-	'Git/SVN/Memoize/YAML.pm' => '$(INST_LIBDIR)/Git/SVN/Memoize/YAML.pm',
-	'Git/SVN/Fetcher.pm' => '$(INST_LIBDIR)/Git/SVN/Fetcher.pm',
-	'Git/SVN/Editor.pm' => '$(INST_LIBDIR)/Git/SVN/Editor.pm',
-	'Git/SVN/Prompt.pm' => '$(INST_LIBDIR)/Git/SVN/Prompt.pm',
-	'Git/SVN/Ra.pm' => '$(INST_LIBDIR)/Git/SVN/Ra.pm',
-);
+# Find all the .pm files in "Git/" and Git.pm
+my %pm;
+find sub {
+	return unless /\.pm$/;
+
+	# sometimes File::Find prepends a ./  Strip it.
+	my $pm_path = $File::Find::name;
+	$pm_path =~ s{^\./}{};
+
+	$pm{$pm_path} = '$(INST_LIBDIR)/'.$pm_path;
+}, "Git", "Git.pm";
+
 
 # We come with our own bundled Error.pm. It's not in the set of default
 # Perl modules so install it if it's not available on the system yet.
-eval { require Error };
-if ($@ || $Error::VERSION < 0.15009) {
+if ( !eval { require Error } || $Error::VERSION < 0.15009) {
 	$pm{'private-Error.pm'} = '$(INST_LIBDIR)/Error.pm';
 }
 
diff --git a/perl/private-Error.pm b/perl/private-Error.pm
index 11e9cd9..6098135 100644
--- a/perl/private-Error.pm
+++ b/perl/private-Error.pm
@@ -630,7 +630,7 @@
 =head2 CONSTRUCTORS
 
 The C<Error> object is implemented as a HASH. This HASH is initialized
-with the arguments that are passed to it's constructor. The elements
+with the arguments that are passed to its constructor. The elements
 that are used by, or are retrievable by the C<Error> class are listed
 below, other classes may add to these.
 
@@ -763,13 +763,13 @@
 
 =item Error::Simple
 
-This class can be used to hold simple error strings and values. It's
+This class can be used to hold simple error strings and values. Its
 constructor takes two arguments. The first is a text value, the second
 is a numeric value. These values are what will be returned by the
 overload methods.
 
 If the text value ends with C<at file line 1> as $@ strings do, then
-this infomation will be used to set the C<-file> and C<-line> arguments
+this information will be used to set the C<-file> and C<-line> arguments
 of the error object.
 
 This class is used internally if an eval'd block die's with an error
diff --git a/pkt-line.c b/pkt-line.c
index 5a04984..70f1950 100644
--- a/pkt-line.c
+++ b/pkt-line.c
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "pkt-line.h"
 
+char packet_buffer[LARGE_PACKET_MAX];
 static const char *packet_trace_prefix = "git";
 static const char trace_key[] = "GIT_TRACE_PACKET";
 
@@ -47,45 +48,13 @@
 }
 
 /*
- * Write a packetized stream, where each line is preceded by
- * its length (including the header) as a 4-byte hex number.
- * A length of 'zero' means end of stream (and a length of 1-3
- * would be an error).
- *
- * This is all pretty stupid, but we use this packetized line
- * format to make a streaming format possible without ever
- * over-running the read buffers. That way we'll never read
- * into what might be the pack data (which should go to another
- * process entirely).
- *
- * The writing side could use stdio, but since the reading
- * side can't, we stay with pure read/write interfaces.
- */
-ssize_t safe_write(int fd, const void *buf, ssize_t n)
-{
-	ssize_t nn = n;
-	while (n) {
-		int ret = xwrite(fd, buf, n);
-		if (ret > 0) {
-			buf = (char *) buf + ret;
-			n -= ret;
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (!ret)
-			die("write error (disk full?)");
-		die_errno("write error");
-	}
-	return nn;
-}
-
-/*
  * If we buffered things up above (we don't, but we should),
  * we'd flush it here
  */
 void packet_flush(int fd)
 {
 	packet_trace("0000", 4, 1);
-	safe_write(fd, "0000", 4);
+	write_or_die(fd, "0000", 4);
 }
 
 void packet_buf_flush(struct strbuf *buf)
@@ -121,7 +90,7 @@
 	va_start(args, fmt);
 	n = format_packet(fmt, args);
 	va_end(args);
-	safe_write(fd, buffer, n);
+	write_or_die(fd, buffer, n);
 }
 
 void packet_buf_write(struct strbuf *buf, const char *fmt, ...)
@@ -135,13 +104,35 @@
 	strbuf_add(buf, buffer, n);
 }
 
-static void safe_read(int fd, void *buffer, unsigned size)
+static int get_packet_data(int fd, char **src_buf, size_t *src_size,
+			   void *dst, unsigned size, int options)
 {
-	ssize_t ret = read_in_full(fd, buffer, size);
-	if (ret < 0)
-		die_errno("read error");
-	else if (ret < size)
+	ssize_t ret;
+
+	if (fd >= 0 && src_buf && *src_buf)
+		die("BUG: multiple sources given to packet_read");
+
+	/* Read up to "size" bytes from our source, whatever it is. */
+	if (src_buf && *src_buf) {
+		ret = size < *src_size ? size : *src_size;
+		memcpy(dst, *src_buf, ret);
+		*src_buf += ret;
+		*src_size -= ret;
+	} else {
+		ret = read_in_full(fd, dst, size);
+		if (ret < 0)
+			die_errno("read error");
+	}
+
+	/* And complain if we didn't get enough bytes to satisfy the read. */
+	if (ret < size) {
+		if (options & PACKET_READ_GENTLE_ON_EOF)
+			return -1;
+
 		die("The remote end hung up unexpectedly");
+	}
+
+	return ret;
 }
 
 static int packet_length(const char *linelen)
@@ -169,12 +160,15 @@
 	return len;
 }
 
-int packet_read_line(int fd, char *buffer, unsigned size)
+int packet_read(int fd, char **src_buf, size_t *src_len,
+		char *buffer, unsigned size, int options)
 {
-	int len;
+	int len, ret;
 	char linelen[4];
 
-	safe_read(fd, linelen, 4);
+	ret = get_packet_data(fd, src_buf, src_len, linelen, 4, options);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
 	len = packet_length(linelen);
 	if (len < 0)
 		die("protocol error: bad line length character: %.4s", linelen);
@@ -185,38 +179,37 @@
 	len -= 4;
 	if (len >= size)
 		die("protocol error: bad line length %d", len);
-	safe_read(fd, buffer, len);
+	ret = get_packet_data(fd, src_buf, src_len, buffer, len, options);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
+
+	if ((options & PACKET_READ_CHOMP_NEWLINE) &&
+	    len && buffer[len-1] == '\n')
+		len--;
+
 	buffer[len] = 0;
 	packet_trace(buffer, len, 0);
 	return len;
 }
 
-int packet_get_line(struct strbuf *out,
-	char **src_buf, size_t *src_len)
+static char *packet_read_line_generic(int fd,
+				      char **src, size_t *src_len,
+				      int *dst_len)
 {
-	int len;
+	int len = packet_read(fd, src, src_len,
+			      packet_buffer, sizeof(packet_buffer),
+			      PACKET_READ_CHOMP_NEWLINE);
+	if (dst_len)
+		*dst_len = len;
+	return len ? packet_buffer : NULL;
+}
 
-	if (*src_len < 4)
-		return -1;
-	len = packet_length(*src_buf);
-	if (len < 0)
-		return -1;
-	if (!len) {
-		*src_buf += 4;
-		*src_len -= 4;
-		packet_trace("0000", 4, 0);
-		return 0;
-	}
-	if (*src_len < len)
-		return -2;
+char *packet_read_line(int fd, int *len_p)
+{
+	return packet_read_line_generic(fd, NULL, NULL, len_p);
+}
 
-	*src_buf += 4;
-	*src_len -= 4;
-	len -= 4;
-
-	strbuf_add(out, *src_buf, len);
-	*src_buf += len;
-	*src_len -= len;
-	packet_trace(out->buf, out->len, 0);
-	return len;
+char *packet_read_line_buf(char **src, size_t *src_len, int *dst_len)
+{
+	return packet_read_line_generic(-1, src, src_len, dst_len);
 }
diff --git a/pkt-line.h b/pkt-line.h
index 1e5dcfe..0a838d1 100644
--- a/pkt-line.h
+++ b/pkt-line.h
@@ -5,15 +5,78 @@
 #include "strbuf.h"
 
 /*
- * Silly packetized line writing interface
+ * Write a packetized stream, where each line is preceded by
+ * its length (including the header) as a 4-byte hex number.
+ * A length of 'zero' means end of stream (and a length of 1-3
+ * would be an error).
+ *
+ * This is all pretty stupid, but we use this packetized line
+ * format to make a streaming format possible without ever
+ * over-running the read buffers. That way we'll never read
+ * into what might be the pack data (which should go to another
+ * process entirely).
+ *
+ * The writing side could use stdio, but since the reading
+ * side can't, we stay with pure read/write interfaces.
  */
 void packet_flush(int fd);
 void packet_write(int fd, const char *fmt, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)));
 void packet_buf_flush(struct strbuf *buf);
 void packet_buf_write(struct strbuf *buf, const char *fmt, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)));
 
-int packet_read_line(int fd, char *buffer, unsigned size);
-int packet_get_line(struct strbuf *out, char **src_buf, size_t *src_len);
-ssize_t safe_write(int, const void *, ssize_t);
+/*
+ * Read a packetized line into the buffer, which must be at least size bytes
+ * long. The return value specifies the number of bytes read into the buffer.
+ *
+ * If src_buffer is not NULL (and nor is *src_buffer), it should point to a
+ * buffer containing the packet data to parse, of at least *src_len bytes.
+ * After the function returns, src_buf will be incremented and src_len
+ * decremented by the number of bytes consumed.
+ *
+ * If src_buffer (or *src_buffer) is NULL, then data is read from the
+ * descriptor "fd".
+ *
+ * If options does not contain PACKET_READ_GENTLE_ON_EOF, we will die under any
+ * of the following conditions:
+ *
+ *   1. Read error from descriptor.
+ *
+ *   2. Protocol error from the remote (e.g., bogus length characters).
+ *
+ *   3. Receiving a packet larger than "size" bytes.
+ *
+ *   4. Truncated output from the remote (e.g., we expected a packet but got
+ *      EOF, or we got a partial packet followed by EOF).
+ *
+ * If options does contain PACKET_READ_GENTLE_ON_EOF, we will not die on
+ * condition 4 (truncated input), but instead return -1. However, we will still
+ * die for the other 3 conditions.
+ *
+ * If options contains PACKET_READ_CHOMP_NEWLINE, a trailing newline (if
+ * present) is removed from the buffer before returning.
+ */
+#define PACKET_READ_GENTLE_ON_EOF (1u<<0)
+#define PACKET_READ_CHOMP_NEWLINE (1u<<1)
+int packet_read(int fd, char **src_buffer, size_t *src_len, char
+		*buffer, unsigned size, int options);
+
+/*
+ * Convenience wrapper for packet_read that is not gentle, and sets the
+ * CHOMP_NEWLINE option. The return value is NULL for a flush packet,
+ * and otherwise points to a static buffer (that may be overwritten by
+ * subsequent calls). If the size parameter is not NULL, the length of the
+ * packet is written to it.
+ */
+char *packet_read_line(int fd, int *size);
+
+/*
+ * Same as packet_read_line, but read from a buf rather than a descriptor;
+ * see packet_read for details on how src_* is used.
+ */
+char *packet_read_line_buf(char **src_buf, size_t *src_len, int *size);
+
+#define DEFAULT_PACKET_MAX 1000
+#define LARGE_PACKET_MAX 65520
+extern char packet_buffer[LARGE_PACKET_MAX];
 
 #endif
diff --git a/po/README b/po/README
index c1520e8..d8c9111 100644
--- a/po/README
+++ b/po/README
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@
 
        # To interpolate variables:
        details="oh noes"
-       eval_gettext "An error occured: \$details"; echo
+       eval_gettext "An error occurred: \$details"; echo
 
    In addition we have wrappers for messages that end with a trailing
    newline. I.e. you could write the above as:
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@
 
        # To interpolate variables:
        details="oh noes"
-       eval_gettextln "An error occured: \$details"
+       eval_gettextln "An error occurred: \$details"
 
    More documentation about the interface is available in the GNU info
    page: `info '(gettext)sh'`. Looking at git-am.sh (the first shell
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@
 
        use Git::I18N;
        print __("Welcome to Git!\n");
-       printf __("The following error occured: %s\n"), $error;
+       printf __("The following error occurred: %s\n"), $error;
 
    Run `perldoc perl/Git/I18N.pm` for more info.
 
diff --git a/po/TEAMS b/po/TEAMS
index e9ebc8c..5eb5aad 100644
--- a/po/TEAMS
+++ b/po/TEAMS
@@ -33,8 +33,9 @@
 Leader:		Peter Krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se>
 
 Language:	vi (Vietnamese)
-Repository:	https://github.com/vnwildman/git.git
+Repository:	https://github.com/vnwildman/git/
 Leader:		Trần Ngọc Quân <vnwildman AT gmail.com>
+Members:	Nguyễn Thái Ngọc Duy <pclouds AT gmail.com>
 
 Language:	zh_CN (Simplified Chinese)
 Repository:	https://github.com/gotgit/git-po-zh_CN/
@@ -45,3 +46,4 @@
 		Yichao Yu <yyc1992 AT gmail.com>
 		ws3389 <willsmith3389 AT gmail.com>
 		Thynson <lanxingcan AT gmail.com>
+		Wang Sheng <wangsheng2008love@163.com>
diff --git a/po/de.po b/po/de.po
index 70d8418..4901488 100644
--- a/po/de.po
+++ b/po/de.po
@@ -1,23 +1,23 @@
 # German translations for Git.
-# Copyright (C) 2010-2012 Ralf Thielow <ralf.thielow@googlemail.com>
+# Copyright (C) 2010-2012 Ralf Thielow <ralf.thielow@gmail.com>
 # This file is distributed under the same license as the Git package.
-# Ralf Thielow <ralf.thielow@googlemail.com>, 2010, 2011, 2012.
+# Ralf Thielow <ralf.thielow@gmail.com>, 2010, 2011, 2012.
 #
 msgid ""
 msgstr ""
-"Project-Id-Version: git 1.7.11\n"
+"Project-Id-Version: git 1.8.3\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: Git Mailing List <git@vger.kernel.org>\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-06-08 10:20+0800\n"
-"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-03-28 18:46+0200\n"
-"Last-Translator: Ralf Thielow <ralf.thielow@googlemail.com>\n"
-"Language-Team: German\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2013-04-30 08:25+0800\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-10-02 19:35+0200\n"
+"Last-Translator: Ralf Thielow <ralf.thielow@gmail.com>\n"
+"Language-Team: German <>\n"
 "Language: de\n"
 "MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n!=1);\n"
 
-#: advice.c:40
+#: advice.c:53
 #, c-format
 msgid "hint: %.*s\n"
 msgstr "Hinweis: %.*s\n"
@@ -26,17 +26,240 @@
 #. * Message used both when 'git commit' fails and when
 #. * other commands doing a merge do.
 #.
-#: advice.c:70
+#: advice.c:83
 msgid ""
 "Fix them up in the work tree,\n"
 "and then use 'git add/rm <file>' as\n"
 "appropriate to mark resolution and make a commit,\n"
 "or use 'git commit -a'."
 msgstr ""
-"Korrigiere dies im Arbeitsbaum,\n"
-"und benutze dann 'git add/rm <Datei>'\n"
+"Korrigieren Sie dies im Arbeitsbaum,\n"
+"und benutzen Sie dann 'git add/rm <Datei>'\n"
 "um die Auflösung entsprechend zu markieren und einzutragen,\n"
-"oder benutze 'git commit -a'."
+"oder benutzen Sie 'git commit -a'."
+
+#: archive.c:10
+msgid "git archive [options] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git archive [Optionen] <Versionsreferenz> [<Pfad>...]"
+
+#: archive.c:11
+msgid "git archive --list"
+msgstr "git archive --list"
+
+#: archive.c:12
+msgid ""
+"git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] [options] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git archive --remote <Projektarchiv> [--exec <Programm>] [Optionen] "
+"<Versionsreferenz> [Pfad...]"
+
+#: archive.c:13
+msgid "git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] --list"
+msgstr "git archive --remote <Projektarchiv> [--exec <Programm>] --list"
+
+#: archive.c:323
+msgid "fmt"
+msgstr "Format"
+
+#: archive.c:323
+msgid "archive format"
+msgstr "Ausgabeformat"
+
+#: archive.c:324 builtin/log.c:1126
+msgid "prefix"
+msgstr "Prefix"
+
+#: archive.c:325
+msgid "prepend prefix to each pathname in the archive"
+msgstr "stellt einen Präfix vor jeden Pfadnamen in der Ausgabe"
+
+#: archive.c:326 builtin/archive.c:88 builtin/blame.c:2371
+#: builtin/blame.c:2372 builtin/config.c:55 builtin/fast-export.c:665
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:667 builtin/grep.c:715 builtin/hash-object.c:77
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:490 builtin/ls-files.c:493 builtin/notes.c:536
+#: builtin/notes.c:693 builtin/read-tree.c:107 parse-options.h:149
+msgid "file"
+msgstr "Datei"
+
+#: archive.c:327 builtin/archive.c:89
+msgid "write the archive to this file"
+msgstr "schreibt die Ausgabe in diese Datei"
+
+#: archive.c:329
+msgid "read .gitattributes in working directory"
+msgstr "liest .gitattributes aus dem Arbeitsverzeichnis"
+
+#: archive.c:330
+msgid "report archived files on stderr"
+msgstr "gibt archivierte Dateien in der Standard-Fehlerausgabe aus"
+
+#: archive.c:331
+msgid "store only"
+msgstr "nur speichern"
+
+#: archive.c:332
+msgid "compress faster"
+msgstr "schneller komprimieren"
+
+#: archive.c:340
+msgid "compress better"
+msgstr "besser komprimieren"
+
+#: archive.c:343
+msgid "list supported archive formats"
+msgstr "listet unterstützte Ausgabeformate auf"
+
+#: archive.c:345 builtin/archive.c:90 builtin/clone.c:86
+msgid "repo"
+msgstr "Projektarchiv"
+
+#: archive.c:346 builtin/archive.c:91
+msgid "retrieve the archive from remote repository <repo>"
+msgstr "ruft das Archiv von externem Projektarchiv <Projektarchiv> ab"
+
+#: archive.c:347 builtin/archive.c:92 builtin/notes.c:615
+msgid "command"
+msgstr "Programm"
+
+#: archive.c:348 builtin/archive.c:93
+msgid "path to the remote git-upload-archive command"
+msgstr "Pfad zum externen \"git-upload-archive\"-Programm"
+
+#: attr.c:259
+msgid ""
+"Negative patterns are ignored in git attributes\n"
+"Use '\\!' for literal leading exclamation."
+msgstr ""
+"Verneinende Muster werden in Git-Attributen ignoriert.\n"
+"Benutzen Sie '\\!' für führende Ausrufezeichen."
+
+#: branch.c:60
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not setting branch %s as its own upstream."
+msgstr "Zweig %s kann nicht sein eigener Übernahmezweig sein."
+
+#: branch.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "Zweig %s konfiguriert zum Folgen von externem Zweig %s von %s durch "
+"Neuaufbau."
+
+#: branch.c:83
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s."
+msgstr "Zweig %s konfiguriert zum Folgen von externem Zweig %s von %s."
+
+#: branch.c:87
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "Zweig %s konfiguriert zum Folgen von lokalem Zweig %s durch Neuaufbau."
+
+#: branch.c:88
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s."
+msgstr "Zweig %s konfiguriert zum Folgen von lokalem Zweig %s."
+
+#: branch.c:92
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "Zweig %s konfiguriert zum Folgen von externer Referenz %s durch "
+"Neuaufbau."
+
+#: branch.c:93
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s."
+msgstr "Zweig %s konfiguriert zum Folgen von externer Referenz %s."
+
+#: branch.c:97
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "Zweig %s konfiguriert zum Folgen von lokaler Referenz %s durch "
+"Neuaufbau."
+
+#: branch.c:98
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s."
+msgstr "Zweig %s konfiguriert zum Folgen von lokaler Referenz %s."
+
+#: branch.c:118
+#, c-format
+msgid "Tracking not set up: name too long: %s"
+msgstr "Konfiguration zum Folgen von Zweig nicht eingerichtet. Name zu lang: %s"
+
+#: branch.c:137
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not tracking: ambiguous information for ref %s"
+msgstr "Konfiguration zum Folgen von Zweig nicht eingerichtet. Referenz %s ist mehrdeutig."
+
+#: branch.c:182
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid branch name."
+msgstr "'%s' ist kein gültiger Zweigname."
+
+#: branch.c:187
+#, c-format
+msgid "A branch named '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "Zweig '%s' existiert bereits."
+
+#: branch.c:195
+msgid "Cannot force update the current branch."
+msgstr "Kann Aktualisierung des aktuellen Zweiges nicht erzwingen."
+
+#: branch.c:201
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot setup tracking information; starting point '%s' is not a branch."
+msgstr ""
+"Kann Informationen zum Übernahmezweig nicht einrichten; Startpunkt '%s' ist "
+"kein Zweig."
+
+#: branch.c:203
+#, c-format
+msgid "the requested upstream branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "der angeforderte externe Übernahmezweig '%s' existiert nicht"
+
+#: branch.c:205
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you are planning on basing your work on an upstream\n"
+"branch that already exists at the remote, you may need to\n"
+"run \"git fetch\" to retrieve it.\n"
+"\n"
+"If you are planning to push out a new local branch that\n"
+"will track its remote counterpart, you may want to use\n"
+"\"git push -u\" to set the upstream config as you push."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Falls Sie vorhaben, Ihre Arbeit auf einem bereits existierenden,\n"
+"externen Übernahmezweig aufzubauen, sollten Sie \"git fetch\"\n"
+"ausführen, um diesen abzurufen.\n"
+"\n"
+"Falls Sie vorhaben, einen neuen lokalen Zweig zu versenden\n"
+"der seinem externen Gegenstück folgen soll, können Sie\n"
+"\"git push -u\" verwenden, um den externen Übernahmezweig\n"
+"beim Versand zu konfigurieren."
+
+#: branch.c:250
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "Ungültiger Objekt-Name: '%s'"
+
+#: branch.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid "Ambiguous object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "mehrdeutiger Objekt-Name: '%s'"
+
+#: branch.c:275
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid branch point: '%s'."
+msgstr "Ungültiger Verzweigungspunkt: '%s'"
+
+#: branch.c:281
+msgid "Failed to lock ref for update"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Sperren der Referenz zur Aktualisierung."
+
+#: branch.c:299
+msgid "Failed to write ref"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Schreiben der Referenz."
 
 #: bundle.c:36
 #, c-format
@@ -48,76 +271,80 @@
 msgid "unrecognized header: %s%s (%d)"
 msgstr "nicht erkannter Kopfbereich: %s%s (%d)"
 
-#: bundle.c:89 builtin/commit.c:696
+#: bundle.c:89 builtin/commit.c:676
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not open '%s'"
 msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht öffnen"
 
 #: bundle.c:140
 msgid "Repository lacks these prerequisite commits:"
-msgstr "Dem Projektarchiv fehlen folgende vorrausgesetzte Versionen:"
+msgstr "Dem Projektarchiv fehlen folgende vorausgesetzte Versionen:"
 
-#: bundle.c:164 sequencer.c:550 sequencer.c:982 builtin/log.c:289
-#: builtin/log.c:720 builtin/log.c:1309 builtin/log.c:1528 builtin/merge.c:347
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:181
+#: bundle.c:164 sequencer.c:651 sequencer.c:1101 builtin/log.c:300
+#: builtin/log.c:770 builtin/log.c:1344 builtin/log.c:1570 builtin/merge.c:349
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:155
 msgid "revision walk setup failed"
 msgstr "Einrichtung des Revisionsgangs fehlgeschlagen"
 
 #: bundle.c:186
 #, c-format
-msgid "The bundle contains %d ref"
-msgid_plural "The bundle contains %d refs"
-msgstr[0] "Das Paket enthält %d Referenz"
-msgstr[1] "Das Paket enthält %d Referenzen"
+msgid "The bundle contains this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle contains these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "Das Paket enthält diese Referenz:"
+msgstr[1] "Das Paket enthält diese %d Referenzen:"
 
-#: bundle.c:192
+#: bundle.c:193
+msgid "The bundle records a complete history."
+msgstr "Das Paket speichert eine komplette Historie."
+
+#: bundle.c:195
 #, c-format
-msgid "The bundle requires this ref"
-msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs"
-msgstr[0] "Das Paket benötigt diese Referenz"
-msgstr[1] "Das Paket benötigt diese %d Referenzen"
+msgid "The bundle requires this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "Das Paket benötigt diese Referenz:"
+msgstr[1] "Das Paket benötigt diese %d Referenzen:"
 
-#: bundle.c:290
+#: bundle.c:294
 msgid "rev-list died"
 msgstr "\"rev-list\" abgebrochen"
 
-#: bundle.c:296 builtin/log.c:1205 builtin/shortlog.c:284
+#: bundle.c:300 builtin/log.c:1255 builtin/shortlog.c:258
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized argument: %s"
 msgstr "nicht erkanntes Argument: %s"
 
-#: bundle.c:331
+#: bundle.c:335
 #, c-format
 msgid "ref '%s' is excluded by the rev-list options"
 msgstr "Referenz '%s' wird durch \"rev-list\" Optionen ausgeschlossen"
 
-#: bundle.c:376
+#: bundle.c:380
 msgid "Refusing to create empty bundle."
 msgstr "Erstellung eines leeren Pakets zurückgewiesen."
 
-#: bundle.c:394
+#: bundle.c:398
 msgid "Could not spawn pack-objects"
 msgstr "Konnte Paketobjekte nicht erstellen"
 
-#: bundle.c:412
+#: bundle.c:416
 msgid "pack-objects died"
 msgstr "Erstellung der Paketobjekte abgebrochen"
 
-#: bundle.c:415
+#: bundle.c:419
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot create '%s'"
 msgstr "kann '%s' nicht erstellen"
 
-#: bundle.c:437
+#: bundle.c:441
 msgid "index-pack died"
 msgstr "Erstellung der Paketindexdatei abgebrochen"
 
-#: commit.c:48
+#: commit.c:50
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not parse %s"
 msgstr "konnte %s nicht parsen"
 
-#: commit.c:50
+#: commit.c:52
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s %s is not a commit!"
 msgstr "%s %s ist keine Version!"
@@ -207,19 +434,24 @@
 msgstr[0] "vor %lu Jahr"
 msgstr[1] "vor %lu Jahren"
 
-#: diff.c:105
+#: diff.c:112
 #, c-format
-msgid "  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%.*s'\n"
+msgid "  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%s'\n"
 msgstr ""
-"  Fehler beim Parsen des abgeschnittenen \"dirstat\" Prozentsatzes '%.*s'\n"
+"  Fehler beim Parsen des abgeschnittenen \"dirstat\" Prozentsatzes '%s'\n"
 
-#: diff.c:110
+#: diff.c:117
 #, c-format
-msgid "  Unknown dirstat parameter '%.*s'\n"
-msgstr "  Unbekannter \"dirstat\" Parameter '%.*s'\n"
+msgid "  Unknown dirstat parameter '%s'\n"
+msgstr "  Unbekannter \"dirstat\" Parameter '%s'\n"
 
 #: diff.c:210
 #, c-format
+msgid "Unknown value for 'diff.submodule' config variable: '%s'"
+msgstr "Unbekannter Wert in Konfigurationsvariable 'diff.dirstat': '%s'"
+
+#: diff.c:260
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Found errors in 'diff.dirstat' config variable:\n"
 "%s"
@@ -227,32 +459,7 @@
 "Fehler in 'diff.dirstat' Konfigurationsvariable gefunden:\n"
 "%s"
 
-#: diff.c:1400
-msgid " 0 files changed\n"
-msgstr " 0 Dateien geändert\n"
-
-#: diff.c:1404
-#, c-format
-msgid " %d file changed"
-msgid_plural " %d files changed"
-msgstr[0] " %d Datei geändert"
-msgstr[1] " %d Dateien geändert"
-
-#: diff.c:1421
-#, c-format
-msgid ", %d insertion(+)"
-msgid_plural ", %d insertions(+)"
-msgstr[0] ", %d Zeile hinzugefügt(+)"
-msgstr[1] ", %d Zeilen hinzugefügt(+)"
-
-#: diff.c:1432
-#, c-format
-msgid ", %d deletion(-)"
-msgid_plural ", %d deletions(-)"
-msgstr[0] ", %d Zeile entfernt(-)"
-msgstr[1] ", %d Zeilen entfernt(-)"
-
-#: diff.c:3478
+#: diff.c:3481
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Failed to parse --dirstat/-X option parameter:\n"
@@ -261,7 +468,12 @@
 "Fehler beim Parsen des --dirstat/-X Optionsparameters:\n"
 "%s"
 
-#: gpg-interface.c:59
+#: diff.c:3495
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to parse --submodule option parameter: '%s'"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Parsen des --submodule Optionsparameters: '%s'"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:59 gpg-interface.c:131
 msgid "could not run gpg."
 msgstr "konnte gpg nicht ausführen"
 
@@ -273,31 +485,45 @@
 msgid "gpg failed to sign the data"
 msgstr "gpg beim Signieren der Daten fehlgeschlagen"
 
-#: grep.c:1320
+#: gpg-interface.c:115
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create temporary file '%s': %s"
+msgstr "konnte temporäre Datei '%s' nicht erstellen: %s"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:118
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed writing detached signature to '%s': %s"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Schreiben der Signatur nach '%s': %s"
+
+#: grep.c:1623
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': unable to read %s"
 msgstr "'%s': konnte nicht lesen %s"
 
-#: grep.c:1337
+#: grep.c:1640
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': %s"
 msgstr "'%s': %s"
 
-#: grep.c:1348
+#: grep.c:1651
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': short read %s"
 msgstr "'%s': read() zu kurz %s"
 
-#: help.c:207
+#: help.c:212
 #, c-format
 msgid "available git commands in '%s'"
 msgstr "Vorhandene Git-Kommandos in '%s'"
 
-#: help.c:214
+#: help.c:219
 msgid "git commands available from elsewhere on your $PATH"
-msgstr "Vorhandene Git-Kommandos irgendwo in deinem $PATH"
+msgstr "Vorhandene Git-Kommandos irgendwo in Ihrem $PATH"
 
-#: help.c:270
+#: help.c:235
+msgid "The most commonly used git commands are:"
+msgstr "Die allgemein verwendeten Git-Kommandos sind:"
+
+#: help.c:292
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s' appears to be a git command, but we were not\n"
@@ -306,30 +532,30 @@
 "'%s' scheint ein git-Kommando zu sein, konnte aber\n"
 "nicht ausgeführt werden. Vielleicht ist git-%s fehlerhaft?"
 
-#: help.c:327
-msgid "Uh oh. Your system reports no Git commands at all."
-msgstr "Uh oh. Keine Git-Kommandos auf deinem System vorhanden."
-
 #: help.c:349
+msgid "Uh oh. Your system reports no Git commands at all."
+msgstr "Uh oh. Keine Git-Kommandos auf Ihrem System vorhanden."
+
+#: help.c:371
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "WARNING: You called a Git command named '%s', which does not exist.\n"
 "Continuing under the assumption that you meant '%s'"
 msgstr ""
-"Warnung: Du hast das nicht existierende Git-Kommando '%s' ausgeführt.\n"
-"Setze fort unter der Annahme das du '%s' gemeint hast"
+"Warnung: Sie haben das nicht existierende Git-Kommando '%s' ausgeführt.\n"
+"Setze fort unter der Annahme, dass Sie '%s' gemeint haben"
 
-#: help.c:354
+#: help.c:376
 #, c-format
 msgid "in %0.1f seconds automatically..."
 msgstr "automatisch in %0.1f Sekunden..."
 
-#: help.c:361
+#: help.c:383
 #, c-format
 msgid "git: '%s' is not a git command. See 'git --help'."
 msgstr "git: '%s' ist kein Git-Kommando. Siehe 'git --help'."
 
-#: help.c:365
+#: help.c:387
 msgid ""
 "\n"
 "Did you mean this?"
@@ -338,51 +564,346 @@
 "Did you mean one of these?"
 msgstr[0] ""
 "\n"
-"Hast du das gemeint?"
+"Haben Sie das gemeint?"
 msgstr[1] ""
 "\n"
-"Hast du eines von diesen gemeint?"
+"Haben Sie eines von diesen gemeint?"
 
-#: parse-options.c:493
+#: merge.c:56
+msgid "failed to read the cache"
+msgstr "Lesen des Zwischenspeichers fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: merge.c:110 builtin/checkout.c:365 builtin/checkout.c:566
+#: builtin/clone.c:645
+msgid "unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "Konnte neue Bereitstellungsdatei nicht schreiben."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:190
+#, c-format
+msgid "(bad commit)\n"
+msgstr "(ungültige Version)\n"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:206
+#, c-format
+msgid "addinfo_cache failed for path '%s'"
+msgstr "addinfo_cache für Pfad '%s' fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:268
+msgid "error building trees"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Erstellen der Bäume"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:672
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create path '%s'%s"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Erstellen des Pfades '%s'%s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:683
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s to make room for subdirectory\n"
+msgstr "Entferne %s um Platz für Unterverzeichnis zu schaffen\n"
+
+#. something else exists
+#. .. but not some other error (who really cares what?)
+#: merge-recursive.c:697 merge-recursive.c:718
+msgid ": perhaps a D/F conflict?"
+msgstr ": vielleicht ein Verzeichnis/Datei-Konflikt?"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:708
+#, c-format
+msgid "refusing to lose untracked file at '%s'"
+msgstr "verweigere, da unbeobachtete Dateien in '%s' verloren gehen würden"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:748
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s '%s'"
+msgstr "kann Objekt %s '%s' nicht lesen"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:750
+#, c-format
+msgid "blob expected for %s '%s'"
+msgstr "Blob erwartet für %s '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:773 builtin/clone.c:313
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to open '%s'"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Öffnen von '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:781
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to symlink '%s'"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Erstellen einer symbolischen Verknüpfung für '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:784
+#, c-format
+msgid "do not know what to do with %06o %s '%s'"
+msgstr "weiß nicht was mit %06o %s '%s' zu machen ist"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:922
+msgid "Failed to execute internal merge"
+msgstr "Fehler bei Ausführung der internen Zusammenführung"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:926
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to add %s to database"
+msgstr "Konnte %s nicht zur Datenbank hinzufügen"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:942
+msgid "unsupported object type in the tree"
+msgstr "nicht unterstützter Objekttyp im Baum"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1021 merge-recursive.c:1035
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree."
+msgstr ""
+"KONFLIKT (%s/löschen): %s gelöscht in %s und %s in %s. Stand %s von %s wurde "
+"im Arbeitsbereich gelassen."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1027 merge-recursive.c:1040
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree at %s."
+msgstr ""
+"KONFLIKT (%s/löschen): %s gelöscht in %s und %s in %s. Stand %s von %s wurde "
+"im Arbeitsbereich bei %s gelassen."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1081
+msgid "rename"
+msgstr "umbenennen"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1081
+msgid "renamed"
+msgstr "umbenannt"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1137
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is a directory in %s adding as %s instead"
+msgstr "%s ist ein Verzeichnis in %s, füge es stattdessen als %s hinzu"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1159
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename \"%s\"->\"%s\" in branch \"%s\" rename \"%s"
+"\"->\"%s\" in \"%s\"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"KONFLIKT (umbenennen/umbenennen): Benenne um \"%s\"->\"%s\" in Zweig \"%s\" "
+"und \"%s\"->\"%s\" in Zweig \"%s\"%s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1164
+msgid " (left unresolved)"
+msgstr " (bleibt unaufgelöst)"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1218
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename %s->%s in %s. Rename %s->%s in %s"
+msgstr ""
+"KONFLIKT (umbenennen/umbenennen): Benenne um %s->%s in %s. Benenne um %s->%s "
+"in %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1248
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renaming %s to %s and %s to %s instead"
+msgstr "Benenne stattdessen %s nach %s und %s nach %s um"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1447
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/add): Rename %s->%s in %s. %s added in %s"
+msgstr ""
+"KONFLIKT (umbenennen/hinzufügen): Benenne um %s->%s in %s. %s hinzugefügt in "
+"%s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1457
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding merged %s"
+msgstr "Füge zusammengeführte Datei %s hinzu"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1462 merge-recursive.c:1660
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding as %s instead"
+msgstr "Füge stattdessen als %s hinzu"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1513
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s"
+msgstr "kann Objekt %s nicht lesen"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1516
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s is not a blob"
+msgstr "Objekt %s ist kein Blob"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1564
+msgid "modify"
+msgstr "ändern"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1564
+msgid "modified"
+msgstr "geändert"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1574
+msgid "content"
+msgstr "Inhalt"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1581
+msgid "add/add"
+msgstr "hinzufügen/hinzufügen"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1615
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipped %s (merged same as existing)"
+msgstr "%s ausgelassen (Ergebnis der Zusammenführung existiert bereits)"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1629
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto-merging %s"
+msgstr "automatische Zusammenführung von %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1633 git-submodule.sh:1029
+msgid "submodule"
+msgstr "Unterprojekt"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1634
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (%s): Merge conflict in %s"
+msgstr "KONFLIKT (%s): Zusammenführungskonflikt in %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1724
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s"
+msgstr "Entferne %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1749
+msgid "file/directory"
+msgstr "Datei/Verzeichnis"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1755
+msgid "directory/file"
+msgstr "Verzeichnis/Datei"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1760
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (%s): There is a directory with name %s in %s. Adding %s as %s"
+msgstr ""
+"KONFLIKT (%s): Es existiert bereits ein Verzeichnis %s in %s. Füge %s als %s "
+"hinzu."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1770
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding %s"
+msgstr "Füge %s hinzu"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1787
+msgid "Fatal merge failure, shouldn't happen."
+msgstr "Fataler Fehler bei der Zusammenführung. Sollte nicht passieren."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1806
+msgid "Already up-to-date!"
+msgstr "Bereits aktuell!"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1815
+#, c-format
+msgid "merging of trees %s and %s failed"
+msgstr "Zusammenführen der Bäume %s und %s fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1845
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unprocessed path??? %s"
+msgstr "unverarbeiteter Pfad??? %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1890
+msgid "Merging:"
+msgstr "Zusammenführung:"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1903
+#, c-format
+msgid "found %u common ancestor:"
+msgid_plural "found %u common ancestors:"
+msgstr[0] "%u gemeinsamen Vorfahren gefunden"
+msgstr[1] "%u gemeinsame Vorfahren gefunden"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1940
+msgid "merge returned no commit"
+msgstr "Zusammenführung hat keine Version zurückgegeben"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1997
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse object '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte Objekt '%s' nicht parsen."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:2009 builtin/merge.c:658
+msgid "Unable to write index."
+msgstr "Konnte Bereitstellung nicht schreiben."
+
+#: object.c:195
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse object: %s"
+msgstr "Konnte Objekt '%s' nicht parsen."
+
+#: parse-options.c:489
 msgid "..."
 msgstr "..."
 
-#: parse-options.c:511
+#: parse-options.c:507
 #, c-format
 msgid "usage: %s"
 msgstr "Verwendung: %s"
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: the colon here should align with the
 #. one in "usage: %s" translation
-#: parse-options.c:515
+#: parse-options.c:511
 #, c-format
 msgid "   or: %s"
 msgstr "      oder: %s"
 
-#: parse-options.c:518
+#: parse-options.c:514
 #, c-format
 msgid "    %s"
 msgstr "    %s"
 
-#: remote.c:1629
+#: parse-options.c:548
+msgid "-NUM"
+msgstr "-NUM"
+
+#: pathspec.c:83
+#, c-format
+msgid "Path '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
+msgstr "Pfad '%s' befindet sich in Unterprojekt '%.*s'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:99
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "'%s' ist über einem symbolischen Link"
+
+#: remote.c:1781
 #, c-format
 msgid "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commit.\n"
 msgid_plural "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commits.\n"
-msgstr[0] "Dein Zweig ist vor '%s' um %d Version.\n"
-msgstr[1] "Dein Zweig ist vor '%s' um %d Versionen.\n"
+msgstr[0] "Ihr Zweig ist vor '%s' um %d Version.\n"
+msgstr[1] "Ihr Zweig ist vor '%s' um %d Versionen.\n"
 
-#: remote.c:1635
+#: remote.c:1787
+msgid "  (use \"git push\" to publish your local commits)\n"
+msgstr "  (benutzen Sie \"git push\" um lokalen Versionen herauszubringen)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1790
 #, c-format
 msgid "Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commit, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
 msgid_plural ""
 "Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commits, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
 msgstr[0] ""
-"Dein Zweig ist zu '%s' um %d Version hinterher, und kann vorgespult werden.\n"
+"Ihr Zweig ist zu '%s' um %d Version hinterher, und kann vorgespult werden.\n"
 msgstr[1] ""
-"Dein Zweig ist zu '%s' um %d Versionen hinterher, und kann vorgespult "
+"Ihr Zweig ist zu '%s' um %d Versionen hinterher, und kann vorgespult "
 "werden.\n"
 
-#: remote.c:1643
+#: remote.c:1798
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to update your local branch)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git pull\" um Ihren lokalen Zweig zu aktualisieren)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1801
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
@@ -391,110 +912,113 @@
 "Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
 "and have %d and %d different commits each, respectively.\n"
 msgstr[0] ""
-"Dein Zweig und '%s' sind divergiert,\n"
+"Ihr Zweig und '%s' sind divergiert,\n"
 "und haben jeweils %d und %d unterschiedliche Versionen.\n"
 msgstr[1] ""
-"Dein Zweig und '%s' sind divergiert,\n"
+"Ihr Zweig und '%s' sind divergiert,\n"
 "und haben jeweils %d und %d unterschiedliche Versionen.\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:121 builtin/merge.c:865 builtin/merge.c:978
-#: builtin/merge.c:1088 builtin/merge.c:1098
+#: remote.c:1811
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to merge the remote branch into yours)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git pull\" um Ihren Zweig mit dem externen "
+"zusammenzuführen)\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:206 builtin/merge.c:776 builtin/merge.c:889 builtin/merge.c:999
+#: builtin/merge.c:1009
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing"
 msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht zum Schreiben öffnen."
 
-#: sequencer.c:123 builtin/merge.c:333 builtin/merge.c:868
-#: builtin/merge.c:1090 builtin/merge.c:1103
+#: sequencer.c:208 builtin/merge.c:335 builtin/merge.c:779
+#: builtin/merge.c:1001 builtin/merge.c:1014
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not write to '%s'"
 msgstr "Konnte nicht nach '%s' schreiben."
 
-#: sequencer.c:144
+#: sequencer.c:229
 msgid ""
 "after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
 "with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'"
 msgstr ""
-"nach Auflösung der Konflikte, markiere die korrigierten Pfade\n"
+"nach Auflösung der Konflikte, markieren Sie die korrigierten Pfade\n"
 "mit 'git add <Pfade>' oder 'git rm <Pfade>'"
 
-#: sequencer.c:147
+#: sequencer.c:232
 msgid ""
 "after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
 "with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'\n"
 "and commit the result with 'git commit'"
 msgstr ""
-"nach Auflösung der Konflikte, markiere die korrigierten Pfade\n"
-"mit 'git add <Pfade>' oder 'git rm <Pfade>'und trage das Ergebnis ein mit "
-"'git commit'"
+"nach Auflösung der Konflikte, markieren Sie die korrigierten Pfade\n"
+"mit 'git add <Pfade>' oder 'git rm <Pfade>'und tragen Sie das Ergebnis mit\n"
+"'git commit' ein"
 
-#: sequencer.c:160 sequencer.c:758 sequencer.c:841
+#: sequencer.c:245 sequencer.c:859 sequencer.c:942
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not write to %s"
 msgstr "Konnte nicht nach %s schreiben"
 
-#: sequencer.c:163
+#: sequencer.c:248
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error wrapping up %s"
 msgstr "Fehler bei Nachbereitung von %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:178
+#: sequencer.c:263
 msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by cherry-pick."
 msgstr ""
-"Deine lokalen Änderungen würden von \"cherry-pick\" überschrieben werden."
+"Ihre lokalen Änderungen würden von \"cherry-pick\" überschrieben werden."
 
-#: sequencer.c:180
+#: sequencer.c:265
 msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by revert."
-msgstr "Deine lokalen Änderungen würden von \"revert\" überschrieben werden."
+msgstr "Ihre lokalen Änderungen würden von \"revert\" überschrieben werden."
 
-#: sequencer.c:183
+#: sequencer.c:268
 msgid "Commit your changes or stash them to proceed."
-msgstr "Trage deine Änderungen ein oder benutze \"stash\" um fortzufahren."
+msgstr ""
+"Tragen Sie Ihre Änderungen ein oder benutzen Sie \"stash\" um fortzufahren."
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: %s will be "revert" or "cherry-pick"
-#: sequencer.c:233
+#: sequencer.c:319
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: Unable to write new index file"
 msgstr "%s: Konnte neue Bereitstellungsdatei nicht schreiben"
 
-#: sequencer.c:261
+#: sequencer.c:350
 msgid "Could not resolve HEAD commit\n"
 msgstr "Konnte Version der Zweigspitze (HEAD) nicht auflösen\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:282
+#: sequencer.c:371
 msgid "Unable to update cache tree\n"
 msgstr "Konnte zwischengespeicherten Baum nicht aktualisieren\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:324
+#: sequencer.c:416
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse commit %s\n"
 msgstr "Konnte Version %s nicht parsen\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:329
+#: sequencer.c:421
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse parent commit %s\n"
 msgstr "Konnte Elternversion %s nicht parsen\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:395
+#: sequencer.c:487
 msgid "Your index file is unmerged."
-msgstr "Deine Bereitstellungsdatei ist nicht zusammengeführt."
+msgstr "Ihre Bereitstellungsdatei ist nicht zusammengeführt."
 
-#: sequencer.c:398
-msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD"
-msgstr "Du hast keine gültige Zweigspitze (HEAD)"
-
-#: sequencer.c:413
+#: sequencer.c:506
 #, c-format
 msgid "Commit %s is a merge but no -m option was given."
 msgstr ""
 "Version %s ist eine Zusammenführung, aber die Option -m wurde nicht "
 "angegeben."
 
-#: sequencer.c:421
+#: sequencer.c:514
 #, c-format
 msgid "Commit %s does not have parent %d"
 msgstr "Version %s hat keinen Elternteil %d"
 
-#: sequencer.c:425
+#: sequencer.c:518
 #, c-format
 msgid "Mainline was specified but commit %s is not a merge."
 msgstr ""
@@ -502,589 +1026,934 @@
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: The first %s will be "revert" or
 #. "cherry-pick", the second %s a SHA1
-#: sequencer.c:436
+#: sequencer.c:531
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: cannot parse parent commit %s"
 msgstr "%s: kann Elternversion %s nicht parsen"
 
-#: sequencer.c:440
+#: sequencer.c:535
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot get commit message for %s"
 msgstr "Kann keine Versionsbeschreibung für %s bekommen"
 
-#: sequencer.c:524
+#: sequencer.c:621
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not revert %s... %s"
-msgstr "Konnte %s nicht zurücksetzen... %s"
+msgstr "Konnte %s nicht zurücknehmen... %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:525
+#: sequencer.c:622
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not apply %s... %s"
 msgstr "Konnte %s nicht anwenden... %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:553
+#: sequencer.c:654
 msgid "empty commit set passed"
 msgstr "leere Menge von Versionen übergeben"
 
-#: sequencer.c:561
+#: sequencer.c:662
 #, c-format
 msgid "git %s: failed to read the index"
 msgstr "git %s: Fehler beim Lesen der Bereitstellung"
 
-#: sequencer.c:566
+#: sequencer.c:667
 #, c-format
 msgid "git %s: failed to refresh the index"
 msgstr "git %s: Fehler beim Aktualisieren der Bereitstellung"
 
-#: sequencer.c:624
+#: sequencer.c:725
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot %s during a %s"
 msgstr "Kann %s nicht während eines %s durchführen"
 
-#: sequencer.c:646
+#: sequencer.c:747
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse line %d."
 msgstr "Konnte Zeile %d nicht parsen."
 
-#: sequencer.c:651
+#: sequencer.c:752
 msgid "No commits parsed."
 msgstr "Keine Versionen geparst."
 
-#: sequencer.c:664
+#: sequencer.c:765
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not open %s"
 msgstr "Konnte %s nicht öffnen"
 
-#: sequencer.c:668
+#: sequencer.c:769
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not read %s."
 msgstr "Konnte %s nicht lesen."
 
-#: sequencer.c:675
+#: sequencer.c:776
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unusable instruction sheet: %s"
 msgstr "Unbenutzbares Instruktionsblatt: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:703
+#: sequencer.c:804
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid key: %s"
 msgstr "Ungültiger Schlüssel: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:706
+#: sequencer.c:807
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid value for %s: %s"
 msgstr "Ungültiger Wert für %s: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:718
+#: sequencer.c:819
 #, c-format
 msgid "Malformed options sheet: %s"
 msgstr "Fehlerhaftes Optionsblatt: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:739
+#: sequencer.c:840
 msgid "a cherry-pick or revert is already in progress"
 msgstr "\"cherry-pick\" oder \"revert\" ist bereits im Gang"
 
-#: sequencer.c:740
+#: sequencer.c:841
 msgid "try \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
-msgstr "versuche \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
+msgstr "versuchen Sie \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
 
-#: sequencer.c:744
+#: sequencer.c:845
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not create sequencer directory %s"
 msgstr "Konnte \"sequencer\"-Verzeichnis %s nicht erstellen"
 
-#: sequencer.c:760 sequencer.c:845
+#: sequencer.c:861 sequencer.c:946
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error wrapping up %s."
 msgstr "Fehler beim Einpacken von %s."
 
-#: sequencer.c:779 sequencer.c:913
+#: sequencer.c:880 sequencer.c:1014
 msgid "no cherry-pick or revert in progress"
 msgstr "kein \"cherry-pick\" oder \"revert\" im Gang"
 
-#: sequencer.c:781
+#: sequencer.c:882
 msgid "cannot resolve HEAD"
 msgstr "kann Zweigspitze (HEAD) nicht auflösen"
 
-#: sequencer.c:783
+#: sequencer.c:884
 msgid "cannot abort from a branch yet to be born"
 msgstr "kann nicht abbrechen: bin auf einem Zweig, der noch geboren wird"
 
-#: sequencer.c:805 builtin/apply.c:3697
+#: sequencer.c:906 builtin/apply.c:4060
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open %s: %s"
 msgstr "Kann %s nicht öffnen: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:808
+#: sequencer.c:909
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read %s: %s"
 msgstr "Kann %s nicht lesen: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:809
+#: sequencer.c:910
 msgid "unexpected end of file"
 msgstr "Unerwartetes Dateiende"
 
-#: sequencer.c:815
+#: sequencer.c:916
 #, c-format
 msgid "stored pre-cherry-pick HEAD file '%s' is corrupt"
 msgstr ""
 "gespeicherte \"pre-cherry-pick\" Datei der Zweigspitze (HEAD) '%s' ist "
 "beschädigt"
 
-#: sequencer.c:838
+#: sequencer.c:939
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not format %s."
 msgstr "Konnte %s nicht formatieren."
 
-#: sequencer.c:1000
+#: sequencer.c:1083
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: can't cherry-pick a %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s kann nicht in \"cherry-pick\" benutzt werden"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1085
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: bad revision"
+msgstr "%s: ungültige Revision"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1119
 msgid "Can't revert as initial commit"
-msgstr "Kann nicht zu initialer Version zurücksetzen."
+msgstr "Rücknahme-Version kann nicht initial sein."
 
-#: sequencer.c:1001
+#: sequencer.c:1120
 msgid "Can't cherry-pick into empty head"
-msgstr "Kann \"cherry-pick\" nicht in einem leerem Kopf ausführen."
+msgstr "Kann \"cherry-pick\" nicht in einem leeren Zweig ausführen."
 
-#: sha1_name.c:864
+#: sha1_name.c:1036
 msgid "HEAD does not point to a branch"
 msgstr "Zweigspitze (HEAD) zeigt auf keinen Zweig"
 
-#: sha1_name.c:867
+#: sha1_name.c:1039
 #, c-format
 msgid "No such branch: '%s'"
 msgstr "Kein solcher Zweig '%s'"
 
-#: sha1_name.c:869
+#: sha1_name.c:1041
 #, c-format
 msgid "No upstream configured for branch '%s'"
 msgstr "Kein entferntes Projektarchiv für Zweig '%s' konfiguriert."
 
-#: sha1_name.c:872
+#: sha1_name.c:1044
 #, c-format
 msgid "Upstream branch '%s' not stored as a remote-tracking branch"
 msgstr ""
 "Zweig '%s' des entfernten Projektarchivs ist kein gefolgter Übernahmezweig"
 
-#: wrapper.c:413
+#: wrapper.c:408
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s': %s"
+msgstr "konnte nicht auf '%s' zugreifen: %s"
+
+#: wrapper.c:423
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s'"
+msgstr "konnte nicht auf '%s' zugreifen"
+
+#: wrapper.c:434
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to look up current user in the passwd file: %s"
 msgstr "konnte aktuellen Benutzer nicht in Passwort-Datei finden: %s"
 
-#: wrapper.c:414
+#: wrapper.c:435
 msgid "no such user"
 msgstr "kein solcher Benutzer"
 
-#: wt-status.c:135
+#: wt-status.c:140
 msgid "Unmerged paths:"
 msgstr "Nicht zusammengeführte Pfade:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:141 wt-status.c:158
+#: wt-status.c:167 wt-status.c:194
 #, c-format
 msgid "  (use \"git reset %s <file>...\" to unstage)"
 msgstr ""
-"  (benutze \"git reset %s <Datei>...\" zum Herausnehmen aus der "
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git reset %s <Datei>...\" zum Herausnehmen aus der "
 "Bereitstellung)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:143 wt-status.c:160
+#: wt-status.c:169 wt-status.c:196
 msgid "  (use \"git rm --cached <file>...\" to unstage)"
 msgstr ""
-"  (benutze \"git rm --cached <Datei>...\" zum Herausnehmen aus der "
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git rm --cached <Datei>...\" zum Herausnehmen aus der "
 "Bereitstellung)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:144
+#: wt-status.c:173
+msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git add/rm <Datei>...\" um die Auflösung zu markieren)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:175 wt-status.c:179
 msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" as appropriate to mark resolution)"
 msgstr ""
-"  (benutze \"git add/rm <Datei>...\" um die Auflösung entsprechend zu "
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git add/rm <Datei>...\" um die Auflösung entsprechend zu "
 "markieren)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:152
+#: wt-status.c:177
+msgid "  (use \"git rm <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git add/rm <Datei>...\" um die Auflösung zu markieren)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:188
 msgid "Changes to be committed:"
 msgstr "zum Eintragen bereitgestellte Änderungen:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:170
+#: wt-status.c:206
 msgid "Changes not staged for commit:"
 msgstr "Änderungen, die nicht zum Eintragen bereitgestellt sind:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:174
+#: wt-status.c:210
 msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
-msgstr "  (benutze \"git add <Datei>...\" zum Bereitstellen)"
+msgstr "  (benutzen Sie \"git add <Datei>...\" zum Bereitstellen)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:176
+#: wt-status.c:212
 msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
-msgstr "  (benutze \"git add/rm <Datei>...\" zum Bereitstellen)"
+msgstr "  (benutzen Sie \"git add/rm <Datei>...\" zum Bereitstellen)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:177
+#: wt-status.c:213
 msgid ""
 "  (use \"git checkout -- <file>...\" to discard changes in working directory)"
 msgstr ""
-"  (benutze \"git checkout -- <Datei>...\" um die Änderungen im "
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git checkout -- <Datei>...\" um die Änderungen im "
 "Arbeitsverzeichnis zu verwerfen)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:179
+#: wt-status.c:215
 msgid "  (commit or discard the untracked or modified content in submodules)"
 msgstr ""
-"  (trage ein oder verwerfe den unbeobachteten oder geänderten Inhalt in den "
-"Unterprojekten)"
+"  (tragen Sie ein oder verwerfen Sie den unbeobachteten oder geänderten "
+"Inhalt in den Unterprojekten)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:188
-#, c-format
-msgid "%s files:"
-msgstr "%s Dateien:"
-
-#: wt-status.c:191
+#: wt-status.c:227
 #, c-format
 msgid "  (use \"git %s <file>...\" to include in what will be committed)"
-msgstr "  (benutze \"git %s <Datei>...\" zum Einfügen in die Eintragung)"
+msgstr "  (benutzen Sie \"git %s <Datei>...\" zum Einfügen in die Eintragung)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:208
+#: wt-status.c:244
 msgid "bug"
 msgstr "Fehler"
 
-#: wt-status.c:213
+#: wt-status.c:249
 msgid "both deleted:"
 msgstr "beide gelöscht:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:214
+#: wt-status.c:250
 msgid "added by us:"
 msgstr "von uns hinzugefügt:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:215
+#: wt-status.c:251
 msgid "deleted by them:"
 msgstr "von denen gelöscht:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:216
+#: wt-status.c:252
 msgid "added by them:"
 msgstr "von denen hinzugefügt:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:217
+#: wt-status.c:253
 msgid "deleted by us:"
 msgstr "von uns gelöscht:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:218
+#: wt-status.c:254
 msgid "both added:"
 msgstr "von beiden hinzugefügt:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:219
+#: wt-status.c:255
 msgid "both modified:"
 msgstr "von beiden geändert:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:249
+#: wt-status.c:285
 msgid "new commits, "
 msgstr "neue Versionen, "
 
-#: wt-status.c:251
+#: wt-status.c:287
 msgid "modified content, "
 msgstr "geänderter Inhalt, "
 
-#: wt-status.c:253
+#: wt-status.c:289
 msgid "untracked content, "
 msgstr "unbeobachteter Inhalt, "
 
-#: wt-status.c:267
+#: wt-status.c:306
 #, c-format
 msgid "new file:   %s"
 msgstr "neue Datei:   %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:270
+#: wt-status.c:309
 #, c-format
 msgid "copied:     %s -> %s"
 msgstr "kopiert:     %s -> %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:273
+#: wt-status.c:312
 #, c-format
 msgid "deleted:    %s"
 msgstr "gelöscht:    %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:276
+#: wt-status.c:315
 #, c-format
 msgid "modified:   %s"
 msgstr "geändert:   %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:279
+#: wt-status.c:318
 #, c-format
 msgid "renamed:    %s -> %s"
 msgstr "umbenannt:    %s -> %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:282
+#: wt-status.c:321
 #, c-format
 msgid "typechange: %s"
 msgstr "Typänderung: %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:285
+#: wt-status.c:324
 #, c-format
 msgid "unknown:    %s"
 msgstr "unbekannt:    %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:288
+#: wt-status.c:327
 #, c-format
 msgid "unmerged:   %s"
 msgstr "nicht zusammengeführt:   %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:291
+#: wt-status.c:330
 #, c-format
 msgid "bug: unhandled diff status %c"
 msgstr "Fehler: unbehandelter Differenz-Status %c"
 
-#: wt-status.c:737
+#: wt-status.c:803
+msgid "You have unmerged paths."
+msgstr "Sie haben nicht zusammengeführte Pfade."
+
+#: wt-status.c:806 wt-status.c:958
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git commit\")"
+msgstr " (beheben Sie die Konflikte und führen Sie \"git commit\" aus)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:809
+msgid "All conflicts fixed but you are still merging."
+msgstr ""
+"Alle Konflikte sind behoben, aber Sie sind immer noch beim Zusammenführen."
+
+#: wt-status.c:812
+msgid "  (use \"git commit\" to conclude merge)"
+msgstr "  (benutzen Sie \"git commit\" um die Zusammenführung abzuschließen)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:822
+msgid "You are in the middle of an am session."
+msgstr "Eine \"am\"-Sitzung ist im Gange."
+
+#: wt-status.c:825
+msgid "The current patch is empty."
+msgstr "Der aktuelle Patch ist leer."
+
+#: wt-status.c:829
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --resolved\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (beheben Sie die Konflikte und führen Sie dann \"git am --resolved\" aus)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:831
+msgid "  (use \"git am --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr " (benutzen Sie \"git am --skip\" um diesen Patch auszulassen)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:833
+msgid "  (use \"git am --abort\" to restore the original branch)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git am --abort\" um den ursprünglichen Zweig "
+"wiederherzustellen)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:893 wt-status.c:910
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr "Sie sind gerade beim Neuaufbau von Zweig '%s' auf '%s'."
+
+#: wt-status.c:898 wt-status.c:915
+msgid "You are currently rebasing."
+msgstr "Sie sind gerade beim Neuaufbau."
+
+#: wt-status.c:901
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (beheben Sie die Konflikte und führen Sie dann \"git rebase --continue\" "
+"aus)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:903
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr "  (benutzen Sie \"git rebase --skip\" um diesen Patch auszulassen)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:905
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --abort\" to check out the original branch)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git rebase --abort\" um den ursprünglichen Zweig "
+"auszuchecken)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:918
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (alle Konflikte behoben: führen Sie \"git rebase --continue\" aus)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:922
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Sie teilen gerade eine Version auf, während ein Neuaufbau von Zweig '%s' auf "
+"'%s' im Gange ist."
+
+#: wt-status.c:927
+msgid "You are currently splitting a commit during a rebase."
+msgstr "Sie teilen gerade eine Version während eines Neuaufbaus auf."
+
+#: wt-status.c:930
+msgid "  (Once your working directory is clean, run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (Sobald Ihr Arbeitsverzeichnis sauber ist, führen Sie \"git rebase --"
+"continue\" aus)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:934
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Sie editieren gerade eine Version während eines Neuaufbaus von Zweig '%s' "
+"auf '%s'."
+
+#: wt-status.c:939
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit during a rebase."
+msgstr "Sie editieren gerade eine Version während eines Neuaufbaus."
+
+#: wt-status.c:942
+msgid "  (use \"git commit --amend\" to amend the current commit)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git commit --amend\" um die aktuelle Version nachzubessern)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:944
+msgid ""
+"  (use \"git rebase --continue\" once you are satisfied with your changes)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git rebase --continue\" sobald Ihre Änderungen "
+"abgeschlossen sind)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:954
+msgid "You are currently cherry-picking."
+msgstr "Sie führen gerade \"cherry-pick\" aus."
+
+#: wt-status.c:961
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git commit\")"
+msgstr "  (alle Konflikte behoben: führen Sie \"git commit\" aus)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:970
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently reverting commit %s."
+msgstr "Sie nehmen gerade Version '%s' zurück."
+
+#: wt-status.c:975
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (beheben Sie die Konflikte und führen Sie dann \"git revert --continue\" "
+"aus)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:978
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (alle Konflikte behoben: führen Sie \"git revert --continue\" aus)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:980
+msgid "  (use \"git revert --abort\" to cancel the revert operation)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git revert --abort\" um die Umkehroperation abzubrechen)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:991
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently bisecting, started from branch '%s'."
+msgstr "Sie sind gerade bei einer binären Suche, gestartet von Zweig '%s'."
+
+#: wt-status.c:995
+msgid "You are currently bisecting."
+msgstr "Sie sind gerade bei einer binären Suche."
+
+#: wt-status.c:998
+msgid "  (use \"git bisect reset\" to get back to the original branch)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git bisect reset\" um zum ursprünglichen Zweig "
+"zurückzukehren)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1173
 msgid "On branch "
 msgstr "Auf Zweig "
 
-#: wt-status.c:744
+#: wt-status.c:1184
+msgid "HEAD detached at "
+msgstr "Zweigspitze (HEAD) losgelöst bei "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1186
+msgid "HEAD detached from "
+msgstr "Zweigspitze (HEAD) losgelöst von "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1189
 msgid "Not currently on any branch."
 msgstr "Im Moment auf keinem Zweig."
 
-#: wt-status.c:755
+#: wt-status.c:1206
 msgid "Initial commit"
 msgstr "Initiale Version"
 
-#: wt-status.c:769
-msgid "Untracked"
-msgstr "Unbeobachtete"
+#: wt-status.c:1220
+msgid "Untracked files"
+msgstr "Unbeobachtete Dateien"
 
-#: wt-status.c:771
-msgid "Ignored"
-msgstr "Ignorierte"
+#: wt-status.c:1222
+msgid "Ignored files"
+msgstr "Ignorierte Dateien"
 
-#: wt-status.c:773
+#: wt-status.c:1226
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files. 'status -uno'\n"
+"may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add\n"
+"new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+msgstr ""
+"Es dauerte %.2f Sekunden die unbeobachteten Dateien zu bestimmen.\n"
+"'status -uno' könnte das beschleunigen, aber Sie müssen darauf achten,\n"
+"neue Dateien selbstständig hinzuzufügen (siehe 'git help status')."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1232
 #, c-format
 msgid "Untracked files not listed%s"
 msgstr "Unbeobachtete Dateien nicht aufgelistet%s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:775
+#: wt-status.c:1234
 msgid " (use -u option to show untracked files)"
-msgstr " (benutze die Option -u um unbeobachteten Dateien anzuzeigen)"
+msgstr " (benutzen Sie die Option -u um unbeobachteten Dateien anzuzeigen)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:781
+#: wt-status.c:1240
 msgid "No changes"
 msgstr "Keine Änderungen"
 
-#: wt-status.c:785
+#: wt-status.c:1245
 #, c-format
-msgid "no changes added to commit%s\n"
-msgstr "keine Änderungen zum Eintragen hinzugefügt%s\n"
-
-#: wt-status.c:787
-msgid " (use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")"
-msgstr " (benutze \"git add\" und/oder \"git commit -a\")"
-
-#: wt-status.c:789
-#, c-format
-msgid "nothing added to commit but untracked files present%s\n"
+msgid "no changes added to commit (use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")\n"
 msgstr ""
-"nichts zum Eintragen hinzugefügt, aber es gibt unbeobachtete Dateien%s\n"
+"keine Änderungen zum Eintragen hinzugefügt (benutzen Sie \"git add\" und/"
+"oder \"git commit -a\")\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:791
-msgid " (use \"git add\" to track)"
-msgstr " (benutze \"git add\" zum Beobachten)"
-
-#: wt-status.c:793 wt-status.c:796 wt-status.c:799
+#: wt-status.c:1248
 #, c-format
-msgid "nothing to commit%s\n"
-msgstr "nichts zum Eintragen%s\n"
+msgid "no changes added to commit\n"
+msgstr "keine Änderungen zum Eintragen hinzugefügt\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:794
-msgid " (create/copy files and use \"git add\" to track)"
-msgstr " (Erstelle/Kopiere Dateien und benutze \"git add\" zum Beobachten)"
+#: wt-status.c:1251
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use \"git add\" to "
+"track)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"nichts zum Eintragen hinzugefügt, aber es gibt unbeobachtete Dateien "
+"(benutzen Sie \"git add\" zum Beobachten)\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:797
-msgid " (use -u to show untracked files)"
-msgstr " (benutze die Option -u um unbeobachtete Dateien anzuzeigen)"
+#: wt-status.c:1254
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing added to commit but untracked files present\n"
+msgstr "nichts zum Eintragen hinzugefügt, aber es gibt unbeobachtete Dateien\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:800
-msgid " (working directory clean)"
-msgstr " (Arbeitsverzeichnis sauber)"
+#: wt-status.c:1257
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (create/copy files and use \"git add\" to track)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"nichts einzutragen (Erstellen/Kopieren Sie Dateien und benutzen Sie \"git add"
+"\" zum Beobachten)\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:908
+#: wt-status.c:1260 wt-status.c:1265
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit\n"
+msgstr "nichts einzutragen\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1263
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"nichts einzutragen (benutzen Sie die Option -u, um unbeobachtete Dateien "
+"anzuzeigen)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1267
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit, working directory clean\n"
+msgstr "nichts einzutragen, Arbeitsverzeichnis sauber\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1375
 msgid "HEAD (no branch)"
 msgstr "HEAD (kein Zweig)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:914
+#: wt-status.c:1381
 msgid "Initial commit on "
 msgstr "Initiale Version auf "
 
-#: wt-status.c:929
+#: wt-status.c:1396
 msgid "behind "
 msgstr "hinterher "
 
-#: wt-status.c:932 wt-status.c:935
+#: wt-status.c:1399 wt-status.c:1402
 msgid "ahead "
 msgstr "voraus "
 
-#: wt-status.c:937
+#: wt-status.c:1404
 msgid ", behind "
 msgstr ", hinterher "
 
-#: builtin/add.c:62
+#: compat/precompose_utf8.c:58 builtin/clone.c:352
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to unlink '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht entfernen."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:20
+msgid "git add [options] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git add [Optionen] [--] [<Pfadspezifikation>...]"
+
+#.
+#. * To be consistent with "git add -p" and most Git
+#. * commands, we should default to being tree-wide, but
+#. * this is not the original behavior and can't be
+#. * changed until users trained themselves not to type
+#. * "git add -u" or "git add -A". For now, we warn and
+#. * keep the old behavior. Later, the behavior can be changed
+#. * to tree-wide, keeping the warning for a while, and
+#. * eventually we can drop the warning.
+#.
+#: builtin/add.c:58
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The behavior of 'git add %s (or %s)' with no path argument from a\n"
+"subdirectory of the tree will change in Git 2.0 and should not be used "
+"anymore.\n"
+"To add content for the whole tree, run:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s :/\n"
+"  (or git add %s :/)\n"
+"\n"
+"To restrict the command to the current directory, run:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s .\n"
+"  (or git add %s .)\n"
+"\n"
+"With the current Git version, the command is restricted to the current "
+"directory.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Das Verhalten von 'git add %s (oder %s)' ohne ein Pfad-Argument von\n"
+"einem Unterverzeichnis aus wird in Git 2.0 geändert und sollte nicht\n"
+"mehr verwendet werden.\n"
+"Um Dateien des gesamten Projektverzeichnisses hinzuzufügen, führen Sie aus:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s :/\n"
+"  (oder git add %s :/)\n"
+"\n"
+"Zur Einschränkung auf das aktuelle Verzeichnis führen Sie aus:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s .\n"
+"  (oder git add %s .)\n"
+"\n"
+"Mit der aktuellen Version von Git ist das Kommando auf das aktuelle\n"
+"Verzeichnis beschränkt.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You ran 'git add' with neither '-A (--all)' or '--ignore-removal',\n"
+"whose behaviour will change in Git 2.0 with respect to paths you removed.\n"
+"Paths like '%s' that are\n"
+"removed from your working tree are ignored with this version of Git.\n"
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --ignore-removal <pathspec>', which is the current default,\n"
+"  ignores paths you removed from your working tree.\n"
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --all <pathspec>' will let you also record the removals.\n"
+"\n"
+"Run 'git status' to check the paths you removed from your working tree.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Sie haben 'git add' weder mit '-A (--all)' noch mit '--ignore-removal'\n"
+"ausgeführt. Das Verhalten des Kommandos ändert sich in Git 2.0 durch\n"
+"Berücksichtigung der gelöschten Pfade.\n"
+"Pfade wie '%s', die im Arbeitsverzeichnis gelöscht wurden, werden in\n"
+"dieser Version von Git ignoriert.\n"
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --ignore-removal <Pfadspezifikation>', was der aktuelle\n"
+"  Standardwert ist, ignoriert gelöschte Pfade im Arbeitsverzeichnis."
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --all <Pfadspezifikation>' berücksichtigt ebenfalls gelöschte\n"
+"  Pfade."
+"\n"
+"Führen Sie 'git status' aus, um die gelöschten Pfade zu überprüfen.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:144
 #, c-format
 msgid "unexpected diff status %c"
 msgstr "unerwarteter Differenz-Status %c"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:67 builtin/commit.c:226
+#: builtin/add.c:149 builtin/commit.c:233
 msgid "updating files failed"
 msgstr "Aktualisierung der Dateien fehlgeschlagen"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:77
+#: builtin/add.c:163
 #, c-format
 msgid "remove '%s'\n"
-msgstr "entferne '%s'\n"
+msgstr "lösche '%s'\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:176
-#, c-format
-msgid "Path '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
-msgstr "Pfad '%s' befindet sich in Unterprojekt '%.*s'"
-
-#: builtin/add.c:192
+#: builtin/add.c:253
 msgid "Unstaged changes after refreshing the index:"
 msgstr ""
 "Nicht bereitgestellte Änderungen nach Aktualisierung der Bereitstellung:"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:195 builtin/add.c:456 builtin/rm.c:186
+#: builtin/add.c:256 builtin/add.c:572 builtin/rm.c:275
 #, c-format
 msgid "pathspec '%s' did not match any files"
 msgstr "Pfadspezifikation '%s' stimmt mit keinen Dateien überein"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:209
-#, c-format
-msgid "'%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
-msgstr "'%s' ist über einem symbolischen Link"
-
-#: builtin/add.c:276
+#: builtin/add.c:339
 msgid "Could not read the index"
 msgstr "Konnte die Bereitstellung nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:286
+#: builtin/add.c:349
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing."
 msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht zum Schreiben öffnen."
 
-#: builtin/add.c:290
+#: builtin/add.c:353
 msgid "Could not write patch"
 msgstr "Konnte Patch nicht schreiben"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:295
+#: builtin/add.c:358
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not stat '%s'"
 msgstr "Konnte Verzeichnis '%s' nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:297
+#: builtin/add.c:360
 msgid "Empty patch. Aborted."
 msgstr "Leerer Patch. Abgebrochen."
 
-#: builtin/add.c:303
+#: builtin/add.c:366
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not apply '%s'"
 msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht anwenden."
 
-#: builtin/add.c:312
+#: builtin/add.c:376
 msgid "The following paths are ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Die folgenden Pfade werden durch eine deiner \".gitignore\" Dateien "
+"Die folgenden Pfade werden durch eine Ihrer \".gitignore\" Dateien "
 "ignoriert:\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:352
+#: builtin/add.c:393 builtin/clean.c:161 builtin/fetch.c:78 builtin/mv.c:63
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:76 builtin/push.c:425 builtin/remote.c:1253
+#: builtin/rm.c:206
+msgid "dry run"
+msgstr "Probelauf"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:394 builtin/apply.c:4409 builtin/check-ignore.c:19
+#: builtin/commit.c:1152 builtin/count-objects.c:95 builtin/fsck.c:613
+#: builtin/log.c:1518 builtin/mv.c:62 builtin/read-tree.c:112
+msgid "be verbose"
+msgstr "erweiterte Ausgaben"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:396
+msgid "interactive picking"
+msgstr "interaktives Auswählen"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:397 builtin/checkout.c:1063 builtin/reset.c:258
+msgid "select hunks interactively"
+msgstr "interaktiv Bereiche auswählen"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:398
+msgid "edit current diff and apply"
+msgstr "aktuelle Unterschiede editieren und anwenden"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:399
+msgid "allow adding otherwise ignored files"
+msgstr "erlaubt das Hinzufügen andernfalls ignorierter Dateien"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:400
+msgid "update tracked files"
+msgstr "aktualisiert beobachtete Dateien"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:401
+msgid "record only the fact that the path will be added later"
+msgstr "speichert nur, dass der Pfad später hinzugefügt werden soll"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:402
+msgid "add changes from all tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr ""
+"fügt Änderungen von allen beobachteten und unbeobachteten Dateien hinzu"
+
+#. takes no arguments
+#: builtin/add.c:405
+msgid "ignore paths removed in the working tree (same as --no-all)"
+msgstr "ignoriert gelöschte Pfade im Arbeitsverzeichnis (genau wie "
+"--no-all)"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:407
+msgid "don't add, only refresh the index"
+msgstr "fügt nichts hinzu, aktualisiert nur die Bereitstellung"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:408
+msgid "just skip files which cannot be added because of errors"
+msgstr ""
+"überspringt Dateien, die aufgrund von Fehlern nicht hinzugefügt werden "
+"konnten"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:409
+msgid "check if - even missing - files are ignored in dry run"
+msgstr "prüft ob - auch fehlende - Dateien im Probelauf ignoriert werden"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:431
 #, c-format
 msgid "Use -f if you really want to add them.\n"
-msgstr "Verwende -f wenn du diese wirklich hinzufügen möchtest.\n"
+msgstr "Verwenden Sie -f wenn Sie diese wirklich hinzufügen möchten.\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:353
+#: builtin/add.c:432
 msgid "no files added"
 msgstr "keine Dateien hinzugefügt"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:359
+#: builtin/add.c:438
 msgid "adding files failed"
 msgstr "Hinzufügen von Dateien fehlgeschlagen"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:391
+#: builtin/add.c:477
 msgid "-A and -u are mutually incompatible"
-msgstr "-A und -u sind zueinander inkompatibel"
+msgstr "Die Optionen -A und -u sind zueinander inkompatibel."
 
-#: builtin/add.c:393
+#: builtin/add.c:495
 msgid "Option --ignore-missing can only be used together with --dry-run"
 msgstr ""
-"Die Option --ignore-missing kann nur zusammen mit --dry-run benutzt werden."
+"Die Option --ignore-missing kann nur zusammen mit --dry-run verwendet werden."
 
-#: builtin/add.c:413
+#: builtin/add.c:525
 #, c-format
 msgid "Nothing specified, nothing added.\n"
 msgstr "Nichts spezifiziert, nichts hinzugefügt.\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:414
+#: builtin/add.c:526
 #, c-format
 msgid "Maybe you wanted to say 'git add .'?\n"
-msgstr "Wolltest du vielleicht 'git add .' sagen?\n"
+msgstr "Wollten Sie vielleicht 'git add .' sagen?\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:420 builtin/clean.c:95 builtin/commit.c:286 builtin/mv.c:82
-#: builtin/rm.c:162
+#: builtin/add.c:532 builtin/check-ignore.c:66 builtin/clean.c:204
+#: builtin/commit.c:293 builtin/mv.c:82 builtin/rm.c:235
 msgid "index file corrupt"
 msgstr "Bereitstellungsdatei beschädigt"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:476 builtin/apply.c:4108 builtin/mv.c:229 builtin/rm.c:260
+#: builtin/add.c:604 builtin/apply.c:4505 builtin/mv.c:229 builtin/rm.c:370
 msgid "Unable to write new index file"
 msgstr "Konnte neue Bereitstellungsdatei nicht schreiben."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:53
+#: builtin/apply.c:57
 msgid "git apply [options] [<patch>...]"
 msgstr "git apply [Optionen] [<Patch>...]"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:106
+#: builtin/apply.c:110
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized whitespace option '%s'"
 msgstr "nicht erkannte Option für Leerzeichen: '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:121
+#: builtin/apply.c:125
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized whitespace ignore option '%s'"
 msgstr "nicht erkannte Option zum Ignorieren von Leerzeichen: '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:815
+#: builtin/apply.c:823
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot prepare timestamp regexp %s"
 msgstr "Kann regulären Ausdruck für Zeitstempel %s nicht verarbeiten"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:824
+#: builtin/apply.c:832
 #, c-format
 msgid "regexec returned %d for input: %s"
 msgstr "Ausführung des regulären Ausdrucks gab %d zurück. Eingabe: %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:905
+#: builtin/apply.c:913
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to find filename in patch at line %d"
 msgstr "Konnte keinen Dateinamen in Zeile %d des Patches finden."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:937
+#: builtin/apply.c:945
 #, c-format
 msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null, got %s on line %d"
 msgstr ""
 "git apply: ungültiges 'git-diff' - erwartete /dev/null, erhielt %s in Zeile "
 "%d"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:941
+#: builtin/apply.c:949
 #, c-format
 msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent new filename on line %d"
 msgstr ""
 "git apply: ungültiges 'git-diff' - Inkonsistenter neuer Dateiname in Zeile %d"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:942
+#: builtin/apply.c:950
 #, c-format
 msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent old filename on line %d"
 msgstr ""
 "git apply: ungültiges 'git-diff' - Inkonsistenter alter Dateiname in Zeile %d"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:949
+#: builtin/apply.c:957
 #, c-format
 msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null on line %d"
 msgstr "git apply: ungültiges 'git-diff' - erwartete /dev/null in Zeile %d"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1394
+#: builtin/apply.c:1422
 #, c-format
 msgid "recount: unexpected line: %.*s"
 msgstr "recount: unerwartete Zeile: %.*s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1451
+#: builtin/apply.c:1479
 #, c-format
 msgid "patch fragment without header at line %d: %.*s"
 msgstr "Patch-Fragment ohne Kopfbereich bei Zeile %d: %.*s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1468
+#: builtin/apply.c:1496
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
@@ -1099,70 +1968,66 @@
 "Dem Kopfbereich von \"git diff\" fehlen Informationen zum Dateinamen, wenn "
 "%d vorangestellte Teile des Pfades entfernt werden (Zeile %d)"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1628
+#: builtin/apply.c:1656
 msgid "new file depends on old contents"
 msgstr "neue Datei hängt von alten Inhalten ab"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1630
+#: builtin/apply.c:1658
 msgid "deleted file still has contents"
 msgstr "entfernte Datei hat noch Inhalte"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1656
+#: builtin/apply.c:1684
 #, c-format
 msgid "corrupt patch at line %d"
 msgstr "fehlerhafter Patch bei Zeile %d"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1692
+#: builtin/apply.c:1720
 #, c-format
 msgid "new file %s depends on old contents"
 msgstr "neue Datei %s hängt von alten Inhalten ab"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1694
+#: builtin/apply.c:1722
 #, c-format
 msgid "deleted file %s still has contents"
 msgstr "entfernte Datei %s hat noch Inhalte"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1697
+#: builtin/apply.c:1725
 #, c-format
 msgid "** warning: file %s becomes empty but is not deleted"
 msgstr "** Warnung: Datei %s wird leer, aber nicht entfernt."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1843
+#: builtin/apply.c:1871
 #, c-format
 msgid "corrupt binary patch at line %d: %.*s"
 msgstr "fehlerhafter Binär-Patch bei Zeile %d: %.*s"
 
 #. there has to be one hunk (forward hunk)
-#: builtin/apply.c:1872
+#: builtin/apply.c:1900
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized binary patch at line %d"
 msgstr "nicht erkannter Binär-Patch bei Zeile %d"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1958
+#: builtin/apply.c:1986
 #, c-format
 msgid "patch with only garbage at line %d"
 msgstr "Patch mit nutzlosen Informationen bei Zeile %d"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2048
+#: builtin/apply.c:2076
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to read symlink %s"
 msgstr "konnte symbolische Verknüpfung %s nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2052
+#: builtin/apply.c:2080
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to open or read %s"
 msgstr "konnte %s nicht öffnen oder lesen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2123
-msgid "oops"
-msgstr "Ups"
-
-#: builtin/apply.c:2645
+#: builtin/apply.c:2688
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid start of line: '%c'"
 msgstr "Ungültiger Zeilenanfang: '%c'"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2763
+#: builtin/apply.c:2806
 #, c-format
 msgid "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d line)."
 msgid_plural "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d lines)."
@@ -1170,12 +2035,12 @@
 msgstr[1] ""
 "Patch-Bereich #%d erfolgreich angewendet bei %d (%d Zeilen versetzt)"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2775
+#: builtin/apply.c:2818
 #, c-format
 msgid "Context reduced to (%ld/%ld) to apply fragment at %d"
 msgstr "Kontext reduziert zu (%ld/%ld) um Patch-Bereich bei %d anzuwenden"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2781
+#: builtin/apply.c:2824
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "while searching for:\n"
@@ -1184,329 +2049,340 @@
 "bei der Suche nach:\n"
 "%.*s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2800
+#: builtin/apply.c:2843
 #, c-format
 msgid "missing binary patch data for '%s'"
 msgstr "keine Daten in Binär-Patch für '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2903
+#: builtin/apply.c:2946
 #, c-format
 msgid "binary patch does not apply to '%s'"
 msgstr "Konnte Binär-Patch nicht auf '%s' anwenden"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2909
+#: builtin/apply.c:2952
 #, c-format
 msgid "binary patch to '%s' creates incorrect result (expecting %s, got %s)"
 msgstr ""
 "Binär-Patch für '%s' erzeugt falsches Ergebnis (erwartete %s, bekam %s)"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2930
+#: builtin/apply.c:2973
 #, c-format
 msgid "patch failed: %s:%ld"
 msgstr "Anwendung des Patches fehlgeschlagen: %s:%ld"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3045
+#: builtin/apply.c:3095
 #, c-format
-msgid "patch %s has been renamed/deleted"
-msgstr "Patch %s wurde umbenannt/gelöscht"
+msgid "cannot checkout %s"
+msgstr "kann %s nicht auschecken"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3052 builtin/apply.c:3069
+#: builtin/apply.c:3140 builtin/apply.c:3149 builtin/apply.c:3193
 #, c-format
 msgid "read of %s failed"
 msgstr "Konnte %s nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3084
-msgid "removal patch leaves file contents"
-msgstr "Lösch-Patch hinterlässt Dateiinhalte"
-
-#: builtin/apply.c:3105
+#: builtin/apply.c:3173 builtin/apply.c:3395
 #, c-format
-msgid "%s: already exists in working directory"
-msgstr "%s existiert bereits im Arbeitsverzeichnis"
+msgid "path %s has been renamed/deleted"
+msgstr "Pfad %s wurde umbenannt/gelöscht"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3143
-#, c-format
-msgid "%s: has been deleted/renamed"
-msgstr "%s wurde gelöscht/umbenannt"
-
-#: builtin/apply.c:3148 builtin/apply.c:3179
-#, c-format
-msgid "%s: %s"
-msgstr "%s: %s"
-
-#: builtin/apply.c:3159
+#: builtin/apply.c:3254 builtin/apply.c:3409
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: does not exist in index"
 msgstr "%s ist nicht bereitgestellt"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3173
+#: builtin/apply.c:3258 builtin/apply.c:3401 builtin/apply.c:3423
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3263 builtin/apply.c:3417
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: does not match index"
 msgstr "%s entspricht nicht der Bereitstellung"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3190
+#: builtin/apply.c:3365
+msgid "removal patch leaves file contents"
+msgstr "Lösch-Patch hinterlässt Dateiinhalte"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3434
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: wrong type"
 msgstr "%s: falscher Typ"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3192
+#: builtin/apply.c:3436
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s has type %o, expected %o"
 msgstr "%s ist vom Typ %o, erwartete %o"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3247
+#: builtin/apply.c:3537
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: already exists in index"
 msgstr "%s ist bereits bereitgestellt"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3267
+#: builtin/apply.c:3540
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in working directory"
+msgstr "%s existiert bereits im Arbeitsverzeichnis"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3560
 #, c-format
 msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o)"
 msgstr "neuer Modus (%o) von %s entspricht nicht dem alten Modus (%o)"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3272
+#: builtin/apply.c:3565
 #, c-format
 msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o) of %s"
 msgstr "neuer Modus (%o) von %s entspricht nicht dem alten Modus (%o) von %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3280
+#: builtin/apply.c:3573
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: patch does not apply"
 msgstr "%s: Patch konnte nicht angewendet werden"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3293
+#: builtin/apply.c:3586
 #, c-format
 msgid "Checking patch %s..."
 msgstr "Prüfe Patch %s..."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3348 builtin/checkout.c:212 builtin/reset.c:158
+#: builtin/apply.c:3679 builtin/checkout.c:216 builtin/reset.c:124
 #, c-format
 msgid "make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"
 msgstr "make_cache_entry für Pfad '%s' fehlgeschlagen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3491
+#: builtin/apply.c:3822
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to remove %s from index"
 msgstr "konnte %s nicht aus der Bereitstellung entfernen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3518
+#: builtin/apply.c:3850
 #, c-format
 msgid "corrupt patch for subproject %s"
 msgstr "fehlerhafter Patch für Unterprojekt %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3522
+#: builtin/apply.c:3854
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to stat newly created file '%s'"
 msgstr "konnte neu erstellte Datei '%s' nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3527
+#: builtin/apply.c:3859
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to create backing store for newly created file %s"
 msgstr "kann internen Speicher für eben erstellte Datei %s nicht erzeugen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3530
+#: builtin/apply.c:3862 builtin/apply.c:3970
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to add cache entry for %s"
 msgstr "kann für %s keinen Eintrag in den Zwischenspeicher hinzufügen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3563
+#: builtin/apply.c:3895
 #, c-format
 msgid "closing file '%s'"
 msgstr "schließe Datei '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3612
+#: builtin/apply.c:3944
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to write file '%s' mode %o"
 msgstr "konnte Datei '%s' mit Modus %o nicht schreiben"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3668
+#: builtin/apply.c:4031
 #, c-format
 msgid "Applied patch %s cleanly."
 msgstr "Patch %s sauber angewendet"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3676
+#: builtin/apply.c:4039
 msgid "internal error"
 msgstr "interner Fehler"
 
 #. Say this even without --verbose
-#: builtin/apply.c:3679
+#: builtin/apply.c:4042
 #, c-format
 msgid "Applying patch %%s with %d reject..."
 msgid_plural "Applying patch %%s with %d rejects..."
 msgstr[0] "Wende Patch %%s mit %d Zurückweisung an..."
 msgstr[1] "Wende Patch %%s mit %d Zurückweisungen an..."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3689
+#: builtin/apply.c:4052
 #, c-format
 msgid "truncating .rej filename to %.*s.rej"
 msgstr "Verkürze Name von .rej Datei zu %.*s.rej"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3710
+#: builtin/apply.c:4073
 #, c-format
 msgid "Hunk #%d applied cleanly."
 msgstr "Patch-Bereich #%d sauber angewendet."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3713
+#: builtin/apply.c:4076
 #, c-format
 msgid "Rejected hunk #%d."
 msgstr "Patch-Bereich #%d zurückgewiesen."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3844
+#: builtin/apply.c:4226
 msgid "unrecognized input"
 msgstr "nicht erkannte Eingabe"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3855
+#: builtin/apply.c:4237
 msgid "unable to read index file"
 msgstr "Konnte Bereitstellungsdatei nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3970 builtin/apply.c:3973
+#: builtin/apply.c:4356 builtin/apply.c:4359 builtin/clone.c:92
+#: builtin/fetch.c:63
 msgid "path"
 msgstr "Pfad"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3971
+#: builtin/apply.c:4357
 msgid "don't apply changes matching the given path"
 msgstr "wendet keine Änderungen im angegebenen Pfad an"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3974
+#: builtin/apply.c:4360
 msgid "apply changes matching the given path"
 msgstr "wendet Änderungen nur im angegebenen Pfad an"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3976
+#: builtin/apply.c:4362
 msgid "num"
 msgstr "Anzahl"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3977
+#: builtin/apply.c:4363
 msgid "remove <num> leading slashes from traditional diff paths"
 msgstr ""
-"entfernt <Anzahl> vorrangestellte Schrägstriche von herkömmlichen "
+"entfernt <Anzahl> vorangestellte Schrägstriche von herkömmlichen "
 "Differenzpfaden"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3980
+#: builtin/apply.c:4366
 msgid "ignore additions made by the patch"
 msgstr "ignoriert hinzugefügte Zeilen des Patches"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3982
+#: builtin/apply.c:4368
 msgid "instead of applying the patch, output diffstat for the input"
 msgstr ""
 "anstatt der Anwendung des Patches, wird der \"diffstat\" für die Eingabe "
 "ausgegeben"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3986
-msgid "shows number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation"
+#: builtin/apply.c:4372
+msgid "show number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation"
 msgstr ""
 "zeigt die Anzahl von hinzugefügten/entfernten Zeilen in Dezimalnotation"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3988
+#: builtin/apply.c:4374
 msgid "instead of applying the patch, output a summary for the input"
 msgstr ""
 "anstatt der Anwendung des Patches, wird eine Zusammenfassung für die Eingabe "
 "ausgegeben"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3990
+#: builtin/apply.c:4376
 msgid "instead of applying the patch, see if the patch is applicable"
 msgstr ""
 "anstatt der Anwendung des Patches, zeige ob Patch angewendet werden kann"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3992
+#: builtin/apply.c:4378
 msgid "make sure the patch is applicable to the current index"
 msgstr ""
 "stellt sicher, dass der Patch in der aktuellen Bereitstellung angewendet "
 "werden kann"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3994
+#: builtin/apply.c:4380
 msgid "apply a patch without touching the working tree"
 msgstr "wendet einen Patch an, ohne Änderungen im Arbeitszweig vorzunehmen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3996
+#: builtin/apply.c:4382
 msgid "also apply the patch (use with --stat/--summary/--check)"
 msgstr "wendet den Patch an (Benutzung mit --stat/--summary/--check)"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3998
+#: builtin/apply.c:4384
+msgid "attempt three-way merge if a patch does not apply"
+msgstr ""
+"versucht 3-Wege-Zusammenführung, wenn der Patch nicht angewendet werden "
+"konnte"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4386
 msgid "build a temporary index based on embedded index information"
 msgstr ""
 "erstellt eine temporäre Bereitstellung basierend auf den integrierten "
 "Bereitstellungsinformationen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4000
+#: builtin/apply.c:4388 builtin/checkout-index.c:197 builtin/ls-files.c:456
 msgid "paths are separated with NUL character"
 msgstr "Pfade sind getrennt durch NUL Zeichen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4003
+#: builtin/apply.c:4391
 msgid "ensure at least <n> lines of context match"
-msgstr ""
-"stellt sicher, dass mindestens <Anzahl> Zeilen des Kontextes übereinstimmen"
+msgstr "stellt sicher, dass mindestens <n> Zeilen des Kontextes übereinstimmen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4004
+#: builtin/apply.c:4392
 msgid "action"
 msgstr "Aktion"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4005
+#: builtin/apply.c:4393
 msgid "detect new or modified lines that have whitespace errors"
 msgstr "ermittelt neue oder geänderte Zeilen die Fehler in Leerzeichen haben"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4008 builtin/apply.c:4011
+#: builtin/apply.c:4396 builtin/apply.c:4399
 msgid "ignore changes in whitespace when finding context"
 msgstr "ignoriert Änderungen in Leerzeichen bei der Suche des Kontextes"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4014
+#: builtin/apply.c:4402
 msgid "apply the patch in reverse"
 msgstr "wendet den Patch in umgekehrter Reihenfolge an"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4016
+#: builtin/apply.c:4404
 msgid "don't expect at least one line of context"
 msgstr "erwartet keinen Kontext"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4018
+#: builtin/apply.c:4406
 msgid "leave the rejected hunks in corresponding *.rej files"
 msgstr ""
 "hinterlässt zurückgewiesene Patch-Bereiche in den entsprechenden *.rej "
 "Dateien"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4020
+#: builtin/apply.c:4408
 msgid "allow overlapping hunks"
 msgstr "erlaubt sich überlappende Patch-Bereiche"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4021
-msgid "be verbose"
-msgstr "erweiterte Ausgaben"
-
-#: builtin/apply.c:4023
+#: builtin/apply.c:4411
 msgid "tolerate incorrectly detected missing new-line at the end of file"
 msgstr "toleriert fehlerhaft erkannten fehlenden Zeilenumbruch am Dateiende"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4026
+#: builtin/apply.c:4414
 msgid "do not trust the line counts in the hunk headers"
 msgstr "vertraut nicht den Zeilennummern im Kopf des Patch-Bereiches"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4028
+#: builtin/apply.c:4416
 msgid "root"
 msgstr "Wurzelverzeichnis"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4029
+#: builtin/apply.c:4417
 msgid "prepend <root> to all filenames"
 msgstr "stellt <Wurzelverzeichnis> vor alle Dateinamen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4050
+#: builtin/apply.c:4439
+msgid "--3way outside a repository"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Option --3way kann nicht außerhalb eines Projektarchivs verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4447
 msgid "--index outside a repository"
-msgstr "--index außerhalb eines Projektarchivs"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Option --index kann nicht außerhalb eines Projektarchivs verwendet "
+"werden."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4053
+#: builtin/apply.c:4450
 msgid "--cached outside a repository"
-msgstr "--cached außerhalb eines Projektarchivs"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Option --cached kann nicht außerhalb eines Projektarchivs verwendet "
+"werden."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4069
+#: builtin/apply.c:4466
 #, c-format
 msgid "can't open patch '%s'"
 msgstr "kann Patch '%s' nicht öffnen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4083
+#: builtin/apply.c:4480
 #, c-format
 msgid "squelched %d whitespace error"
 msgid_plural "squelched %d whitespace errors"
 msgstr[0] "unterdrückte %d Fehler in Leerzeichen"
 msgstr[1] "unterdrückte %d Fehler in Leerzeichen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4089 builtin/apply.c:4099
+#: builtin/apply.c:4486 builtin/apply.c:4496
 #, c-format
 msgid "%d line adds whitespace errors."
 msgid_plural "%d lines add whitespace errors."
@@ -1530,25 +2406,154 @@
 msgid "git archive: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF"
 msgstr "git archive: habe ACK/NAK erwartet, aber EOF bekommen"
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:63
+#: builtin/archive.c:61
 #, c-format
 msgid "git archive: NACK %s"
 msgstr "git archive: NACK %s"
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:65
+#: builtin/archive.c:63
 #, c-format
 msgid "remote error: %s"
 msgstr "Fehler am anderen Ende: %s"
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:66
+#: builtin/archive.c:64
 msgid "git archive: protocol error"
 msgstr "git archive: Protokollfehler"
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:71
+#: builtin/archive.c:68
 msgid "git archive: expected a flush"
 msgstr "git archive: erwartete eine Spülung (flush)"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:144
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:7
+msgid "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
+msgstr "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:17
+msgid "perform 'git bisect next'"
+msgstr "führt 'git bisect next' aus"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:19
+msgid "update BISECT_HEAD instead of checking out the current commit"
+msgstr "aktualisiert BISECT_HEAD, anstatt die aktuelle Version auszuchecken"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:25
+msgid "git blame [options] [rev-opts] [rev] [--] file"
+msgstr "git blame [Optionen] [rev-opts] [rev] [--] Datei"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:30
+msgid "[rev-opts] are documented in git-rev-list(1)"
+msgstr "[rev-opts] sind dokumentiert in git-rev-list(1)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2355
+msgid "Show blame entries as we find them, incrementally"
+msgstr "Zeigt \"blame\"-Einträge schrittweise, während wir sie generieren"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2356
+msgid "Show blank SHA-1 for boundary commits (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Zeigt leere SHA-1 für Grenzversionen (Standard: aus)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2357
+msgid "Do not treat root commits as boundaries (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Behandelt Ursprungsversionen nicht als Grenzen (Standard: aus)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2358
+msgid "Show work cost statistics"
+msgstr "Zeigt Statistiken zum Arbeitsaufwand"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2359
+msgid "Show output score for blame entries"
+msgstr "Zeigt Ausgabebewertung für \"blame\"-Einträge"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2360
+msgid "Show original filename (Default: auto)"
+msgstr "Zeigt ursprünglichen Dateinamen (Standard: auto)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2361
+msgid "Show original linenumber (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Zeigt ursprüngliche Zeilennummer (Standard: aus)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2362
+msgid "Show in a format designed for machine consumption"
+msgstr "Anzeige in einem Format für maschinelle Auswertung"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2363
+msgid "Show porcelain format with per-line commit information"
+msgstr ""
+"Anzeige in Format für Fremdprogramme mit Versionsinformationen pro Zeile"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2364
+msgid "Use the same output mode as git-annotate (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Benutzt den gleichen Ausgabemodus wie \"git-annotate\" (Standard: aus)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2365
+msgid "Show raw timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Zeigt unbearbeiteten Zeitstempel (Standard: aus)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2366
+msgid "Show long commit SHA1 (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Zeigt langen Versions-SHA1 (Standard: aus)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2367
+msgid "Suppress author name and timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Unterdrückt den Namen des Autors und den Zeitstempel (Standard: aus)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2368
+msgid "Show author email instead of name (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Zeigt anstatt des Namens die Email-Adresse des Autors (Standard: aus)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2369
+msgid "Ignore whitespace differences"
+msgstr "Ignoriert Unterschiede in Leerzeichen"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2370
+msgid "Spend extra cycles to find better match"
+msgstr "arbeite länger, um bessere Übereinstimmungen zu finden"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2371
+msgid "Use revisions from <file> instead of calling git-rev-list"
+msgstr "Benutzt Revisionen von <Datei> anstatt \"git-rev-list\" aufzurufen"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2372
+msgid "Use <file>'s contents as the final image"
+msgstr "Benutzt Inhalte der <Datei>en als entgültiges Abbild"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2373 builtin/blame.c:2374
+msgid "score"
+msgstr "Bewertung"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2373
+msgid "Find line copies within and across files"
+msgstr "Findet kopierte Zeilen innerhalb oder zwischen Dateien"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2374
+msgid "Find line movements within and across files"
+msgstr "Findet verschobene Zeilen innerhalb oder zwischen Dateien"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2375
+msgid "n,m"
+msgstr "n,m"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2375
+msgid "Process only line range n,m, counting from 1"
+msgstr "Verarbeitet nur Zeilen im Bereich n,m, gezählt von 1"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:24
+msgid "git branch [options] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+msgstr "git branch [Optionen] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:25
+msgid "git branch [options] [-l] [-f] <branchname> [<start-point>]"
+msgstr "git branch [Optionen] [-l] [-f] <Zweigname> [<Startpunkt>]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:26
+msgid "git branch [options] [-r] (-d | -D) <branchname>..."
+msgstr "git branch [Optionen] [-r] (-d | -D) <Zweigname>..."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:27
+msgid "git branch [options] (-m | -M) [<oldbranch>] <newbranch>"
+msgstr "git branch [Optionen] (-m | -M) [<alterZweig>] <neuerZweig>"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:150
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "deleting branch '%s' that has been merged to\n"
@@ -1558,7 +2563,7 @@
 "         '%s', aber noch nicht mit der Zweigspitze (HEAD) zusammengeführt "
 "wurde."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:148
+#: builtin/branch.c:154
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "not deleting branch '%s' that is not yet merged to\n"
@@ -1567,168 +2572,383 @@
 "entferne Zweig '%s' nicht, der noch nicht zusammengeführt wurde mit\n"
 "         '%s', obwohl er mit der Zweigspitze (HEAD) zusammengeführt wurde."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:180
-msgid "cannot use -a with -d"
-msgstr "kann -a nicht mit -d benutzen"
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:186
-msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD"
-msgstr "Konnte Versionsobjekt für Zweigspitze (HEAD) nicht nachschlagen."
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:191
-#, c-format
-msgid "Cannot delete the branch '%s' which you are currently on."
-msgstr ""
-"Kann Zweig '%s' nicht entfernen, da du dich gerade auf diesem befindest."
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:202
-#, c-format
-msgid "remote branch '%s' not found."
-msgstr "externer Zweig '%s' nicht gefunden"
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:203
-#, c-format
-msgid "branch '%s' not found."
-msgstr "Zweig '%s' nicht gefunden."
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:210
+#: builtin/branch.c:168
 #, c-format
 msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for '%s'"
 msgstr "Konnte Versionsobjekt für '%s' nicht nachschlagen."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:216
+#: builtin/branch.c:172
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The branch '%s' is not fully merged.\n"
 "If you are sure you want to delete it, run 'git branch -D %s'."
 msgstr ""
 "Der Zweig '%s' ist nicht vollständig zusammengeführt.\n"
-"Wenn du sicher bist diesen Zweig zu entfernen, führe 'git branch -D %s' aus."
+"Wenn Sie sicher sind diesen Zweig zu entfernen, führen Sie 'git branch -D "
+"%s' aus."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:225
+#: builtin/branch.c:185
+msgid "Update of config-file failed"
+msgstr "Aktualisierung der Konfigurationsdatei fehlgeschlagen."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:213
+msgid "cannot use -a with -d"
+msgstr "kann -a nicht mit -d benutzen"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:219
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD"
+msgstr "Konnte Versionsobjekt für Zweigspitze (HEAD) nicht nachschlagen."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:227
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot delete the branch '%s' which you are currently on."
+msgstr ""
+"Kann Zweig '%s' nicht entfernen, da Sie sich gerade auf diesem befinden."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:240
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "externer Zweig '%s' nicht gefunden"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "Zweig '%s' nicht gefunden."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:255
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error deleting remote branch '%s'"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Entfernen des externen Zweiges '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:226
+#: builtin/branch.c:256
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error deleting branch '%s'"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Entfernen des Zweiges '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:233
+#: builtin/branch.c:263
 #, c-format
 msgid "Deleted remote branch %s (was %s).\n"
 msgstr "Externer Zweig %s entfernt (war %s).\n"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:234
+#: builtin/branch.c:264
 #, c-format
 msgid "Deleted branch %s (was %s).\n"
 msgstr "Zweig %s entfernt (war %s).\n"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:239
-msgid "Update of config-file failed"
-msgstr "Aktualisierung der Konfigurationsdatei fehlgeschlagen."
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:337
+#: builtin/branch.c:366
 #, c-format
 msgid "branch '%s' does not point at a commit"
 msgstr "Zweig '%s' zeigt auf keine Version"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:409
+#: builtin/branch.c:453
 #, c-format
 msgid "[%s: behind %d]"
 msgstr "[%s: %d hinterher]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:411
+#: builtin/branch.c:455
 #, c-format
 msgid "[behind %d]"
 msgstr "[%d hinterher]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:415
+#: builtin/branch.c:459
 #, c-format
 msgid "[%s: ahead %d]"
 msgstr "[%s: %d voraus]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:417
+#: builtin/branch.c:461
 #, c-format
 msgid "[ahead %d]"
 msgstr "[%d voraus]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:420
+#: builtin/branch.c:464
 #, c-format
 msgid "[%s: ahead %d, behind %d]"
 msgstr "[%s: %d voraus, %d hinterher]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:423
+#: builtin/branch.c:467
 #, c-format
 msgid "[ahead %d, behind %d]"
 msgstr "[%d voraus, %d hinterher]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:535
+#: builtin/branch.c:490
+msgid " **** invalid ref ****"
+msgstr " **** ungültige Referenz ****"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, rebasing %s)"
+msgstr "(kein Zweig, Neuaufbau von Zweig %s im Gange)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:585
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, bisect started on %s)"
+msgstr "(kein Zweig, Neuaufbau begonnen bei %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:588
+#, c-format
+msgid "(detached from %s)"
+msgstr "(losgelöst von %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:591
 msgid "(no branch)"
 msgstr "(kein Zweig)"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:600
+#: builtin/branch.c:637
+#, c-format
+msgid "object '%s' does not point to a commit"
+msgstr "Objekt '%s' zeigt auf keine Version"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:669
 msgid "some refs could not be read"
 msgstr "Konnte einige Referenzen nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:613
+#: builtin/branch.c:682
 msgid "cannot rename the current branch while not on any."
 msgstr ""
-"Kann aktuellen Zweig nicht umbennen, solange du dich auf keinem befindest."
+"Kann aktuellen Zweig nicht umbenennen, solange Sie sich auf keinem befinden."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:623
+#: builtin/branch.c:692
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid branch name: '%s'"
 msgstr "Ungültiger Zweig-Name: '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:638
+#: builtin/branch.c:707
 msgid "Branch rename failed"
 msgstr "Umbenennung des Zweiges fehlgeschlagen"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:642
+#: builtin/branch.c:711
 #, c-format
 msgid "Renamed a misnamed branch '%s' away"
 msgstr "falsch benannten Zweig '%s' umbenannt"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:646
+#: builtin/branch.c:715
 #, c-format
 msgid "Branch renamed to %s, but HEAD is not updated!"
 msgstr "Zweig umbenannt zu %s, aber Zweigspitze (HEAD) ist nicht aktualisiert!"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:653
+#: builtin/branch.c:722
 msgid "Branch is renamed, but update of config-file failed"
 msgstr ""
 "Zweig ist umbenannt, aber die Aktualisierung der Konfigurationsdatei ist "
 "fehlgeschlagen."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:668
+#: builtin/branch.c:737
 #, c-format
 msgid "malformed object name %s"
 msgstr "Missgebildeter Objektname %s"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:692
+#: builtin/branch.c:761
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not write branch description template: %s"
 msgstr "Konnte Beschreibungsvorlage für Zweig nicht schreiben: %s"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:783
+#: builtin/branch.c:791
+msgid "Generic options"
+msgstr "Allgemeine Optionen"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:793
+msgid "show hash and subject, give twice for upstream branch"
+msgstr "Zeigt Hash und Betreff; -vv: zusätzlich externen Übernahmezweig"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:794
+msgid "suppress informational messages"
+msgstr "unterdrückt Informationsmeldungen"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:795
+msgid "set up tracking mode (see git-pull(1))"
+msgstr "stellt den Übernahmemodus ein (siehe git-pull(1))"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:797
+msgid "change upstream info"
+msgstr "ändert Informationen zum externen Übernahmezweig"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:801
+msgid "use colored output"
+msgstr "verwendet farbliche Ausgaben"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:802
+msgid "act on remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "wirkt auf externe Übernahmezweige"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:805 builtin/branch.c:811 builtin/branch.c:832
+#: builtin/branch.c:838 builtin/commit.c:1368 builtin/commit.c:1369
+#: builtin/commit.c:1370 builtin/commit.c:1371 builtin/tag.c:468
+msgid "commit"
+msgstr "Version"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:806 builtin/branch.c:812
+msgid "print only branches that contain the commit"
+msgstr "gibt nur Zweige aus, welche diese Version beinhalten"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:818
+msgid "Specific git-branch actions:"
+msgstr "spezifische Aktionen für \"git-branch\":"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:819
+msgid "list both remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr "listet externe Übernahmezweige und lokale Zweige auf"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:821
+msgid "delete fully merged branch"
+msgstr "entfernt vollständig zusammengeführten Zweig"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:822
+msgid "delete branch (even if not merged)"
+msgstr "löscht Zweig (auch wenn nicht zusammengeführt)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:823
+msgid "move/rename a branch and its reflog"
+msgstr "verschiebt/benennt einen Zweig und dessen Referenzprotokoll um"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:824
+msgid "move/rename a branch, even if target exists"
+msgstr ""
+"verschiebt/benennt einen Zweig um, auch wenn das Ziel bereits existiert"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:825
+msgid "list branch names"
+msgstr "listet Zweignamen auf"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:826
+msgid "create the branch's reflog"
+msgstr "erzeugt das Referenzprotokoll des Zweiges"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:828
+msgid "edit the description for the branch"
+msgstr "bearbeitet die Beschreibung für den Zweig"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:829
+msgid "force creation (when already exists)"
+msgstr "erzeuge auch, wenn der Zweig bereits existiert"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:832
+msgid "print only not merged branches"
+msgstr "gibt nur Zweige aus, die nicht zusammengeführt sind"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:838
+msgid "print only merged branches"
+msgstr "gibt nur Zweige aus, die zusammengeführt sind"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:842
+msgid "list branches in columns"
+msgstr "listet Zweige in Spalten auf"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:855
 msgid "Failed to resolve HEAD as a valid ref."
 msgstr "Konnte Zweigspitze (HEAD) nicht als gültige Referenz auflösen."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:788 builtin/clone.c:558
+#: builtin/branch.c:860 builtin/clone.c:619
 msgid "HEAD not found below refs/heads!"
 msgstr "Zweigspitze (HEAD) wurde nicht unter \"refs/heads\" gefunden!"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:808
+#: builtin/branch.c:883
 msgid "--column and --verbose are incompatible"
-msgstr "--column und --verbose sind inkompatibel"
+msgstr "Die Optionen --column und --verbose sind inkompatibel."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:857
+#: builtin/branch.c:889 builtin/branch.c:928
+msgid "branch name required"
+msgstr "Zweigname erforderlich"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:904
+msgid "Cannot give description to detached HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+"zu losgelöster Zweigspitze (HEAD) kann keine Beschreibung hinterlegt werden"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:909
+msgid "cannot edit description of more than one branch"
+msgstr "Beschreibung von mehr als einem Zweig kann nicht bearbeitet werden"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:916
+#, c-format
+msgid "No commit on branch '%s' yet."
+msgstr "Noch keine Version in Zweig '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:919
+#, c-format
+msgid "No branch named '%s'."
+msgstr "Zweig '%s' nicht vorhanden."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:934
+msgid "too many branches for a rename operation"
+msgstr "zu viele Zweige für eine Umbenennen-Operation angegeben"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:939
+msgid "too many branches to set new upstream"
+msgstr "zu viele Zweige angegeben um neuen Übernahmezweig zu setzen"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:943
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"could not set upstream of HEAD to %s when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+"Konnte keinen neuen Übernahmezweig von Zweigspitze (HEAD) zu %s setzen,\n"
+"da diese auf keinen Zweig zeigt."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:946 builtin/branch.c:968 builtin/branch.c:990
+#, c-format
+msgid "no such branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Kein solcher Zweig '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:950
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "Zweig '%s' existiert nicht"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:962
+msgid "too many branches to unset upstream"
+msgstr ""
+"zu viele Zweige angegeben um Konfiguration zu Übernahmezweig zu entfernen"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:966
+msgid "could not unset upstream of HEAD when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+"Konnte Konfiguration zum Übernahmezweig von Zweigspitze (HEAD) nicht\n"
+"entfernen, da diese auf keinen Zweig zeigt."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:972
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch '%s' has no upstream information"
+msgstr "Zweig '%s' hat keinen externen Übernahmezweig gesetzt"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:987
+msgid "it does not make sense to create 'HEAD' manually"
+msgstr "'HEAD' darf nicht manuell erstellt werden"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:993
 msgid "-a and -r options to 'git branch' do not make sense with a branch name"
 msgstr ""
-"Die Optionen -a und -r bei 'git branch' machen mit einem Zweignamen keinen "
-"Sinn."
+"Die Optionen -a und -r bei 'git branch' können nicht gemeimsam mit einem "
+"Zweignamen verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:996
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using --"
+"track or --set-upstream-to\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Die --set-upstream Option ist veraltet und wird entfernt. Benutzen Sie --"
+"track oder --set-upstream-to\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1013
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you wanted to make '%s' track '%s', do this:\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Wenn Sie wollten, dass '%s' den Zweig '%s' als externen Übernahmezweig hat, "
+"führen Sie aus:\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1014
+#, c-format
+msgid "    git branch -d %s\n"
+msgstr "    git branch -d %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1015
+#, c-format
+msgid "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
+msgstr "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
 
 #: builtin/bundle.c:47
 #, c-format
@@ -1743,99 +2963,254 @@
 msgid "Need a repository to unbundle."
 msgstr "Zum Entpacken wird ein Projektarchiv benötigt."
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:113 builtin/checkout.c:146
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:176
+msgid "git cat-file (-t|-s|-e|-p|<type>|--textconv) <object>"
+msgstr "git cat-file (-t|-s|-e|-p|<Art>|--textconv) <Objekt>"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:177
+msgid "git cat-file (--batch|--batch-check) < <list_of_objects>"
+msgstr "git cat-file (--batch|--batch-check) < <Liste_von_Objekten>"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:195
+msgid "<type> can be one of: blob, tree, commit, tag"
+msgstr "<Art> kann sein: blob, tree, commit, tag"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:196
+msgid "show object type"
+msgstr "zeigt Objektart"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:197
+msgid "show object size"
+msgstr "zeigt Objektgröße"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:199
+msgid "exit with zero when there's no error"
+msgstr "beendet mit Rückgabewert 0, wenn kein Fehler aufgetreten ist"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:200
+msgid "pretty-print object's content"
+msgstr "ansprechende Anzeige des Objektinhaltes"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:202
+msgid "for blob objects, run textconv on object's content"
+msgstr "führt eine Textkonvertierung auf den Inhalt von Blob-Objekten aus"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:204
+msgid "show info and content of objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr ""
+"Anzeige von Informationen und Inhalt von Objekten, gelesen von der Standard-"
+"Eingabe"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:207
+msgid "show info about objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr ""
+"Anzeige von Informationen über Objekte, gelesen von der Standard-Eingabe"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:11
+msgid "git check-attr [-a | --all | attr...] [--] pathname..."
+msgstr "git check-attr [-a | --all | Attribut...] [--] Pfadname..."
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:12
+msgid "git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | attr...] < <list-of-paths>"
+msgstr ""
+"git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | Attribut...] < <Liste-von-Pfaden>"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:19
+msgid "report all attributes set on file"
+msgstr "gibt alle Attribute einer Datei aus"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:20
+msgid "use .gitattributes only from the index"
+msgstr "verwendet .gitattributes nur von der Bereitstellung"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:21 builtin/check-ignore.c:22 builtin/hash-object.c:75
+msgid "read file names from stdin"
+msgstr "liest Dateinamen von der Standard-Eingabe"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:23 builtin/check-ignore.c:24
+msgid "input paths are terminated by a null character"
+msgstr "Eingabepfade sind durch ein NUL Zeichen abgeschlossen"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:18 builtin/checkout.c:1044 builtin/gc.c:177
+msgid "suppress progress reporting"
+msgstr "unterdrückt Fortschrittsanzeige"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:146
+msgid "cannot specify pathnames with --stdin"
+msgstr "Angabe von Pfadnamen kann nicht gemeinsam mit --stdin verwendet werden"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:149
+msgid "-z only makes sense with --stdin"
+msgstr "Die Option -z kann nur mit --stdin verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:151
+msgid "no path specified"
+msgstr "kein Pfad angegeben"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:155
+msgid "--quiet is only valid with a single pathname"
+msgstr "Die Option --quiet ist nur mit einem einzelnen Pfadnamen gültig."
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:157
+msgid "cannot have both --quiet and --verbose"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Optionen --quiet und --verbose können nicht gemeinsam verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:126
+msgid "git checkout-index [options] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git checkout-index [Optionen] [--] [<Datei>...]"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:187
+msgid "check out all files in the index"
+msgstr "checkt alle Dateien in der Bereitstellung aus"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:188
+msgid "force overwrite of existing files"
+msgstr "erzwingt das Überschreiben bereits existierender Dateien"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:190
+msgid "no warning for existing files and files not in index"
+msgstr ""
+"keine Warnung für existierende Dateien, und Dateien, die sich nicht in der "
+"Bereitstellung befinden"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:192
+msgid "don't checkout new files"
+msgstr "checkt keine neuen Dateien aus"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:194
+msgid "update stat information in the index file"
+msgstr "aktualisiert Dateiinformationen in der Bereitstellungsdatei"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:200
+msgid "read list of paths from the standard input"
+msgstr "liest eine Liste von Pfaden von der Standard-Eingabe"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:202
+msgid "write the content to temporary files"
+msgstr "schreibt den Inhalt in temporäre Dateien"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:203 builtin/column.c:30
+msgid "string"
+msgstr "Zeichenkette"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:204
+msgid "when creating files, prepend <string>"
+msgstr ""
+"wenn Dateien erzeugt werden, stelle <Zeichenkette> dem Dateinamen voran"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:207
+msgid "copy out the files from named stage"
+msgstr "kopiert Dateien von dem benannten Stand"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:25
+msgid "git checkout [options] <branch>"
+msgstr "git checkout [Optionen] <Zweig>"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:26
+msgid "git checkout [options] [<branch>] -- <file>..."
+msgstr "git checkout [Optionen] [Zweig>] -- <Datei>..."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:117 builtin/checkout.c:150
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have our version"
 msgstr "Pfad '%s' hat nicht unsere Version."
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:115 builtin/checkout.c:148
+#: builtin/checkout.c:119 builtin/checkout.c:152
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have their version"
 msgstr "Pfad '%s' hat nicht deren Version."
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:131
+#: builtin/checkout.c:135
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have all necessary versions"
 msgstr "Pfad '%s' hat nicht alle notwendigen Versionen."
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:175
+#: builtin/checkout.c:179
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have necessary versions"
 msgstr "Pfad '%s' hat nicht die notwendigen Versionen."
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:192
+#: builtin/checkout.c:196
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s': cannot merge"
 msgstr "Pfad '%s': kann nicht zusammenführen"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:209
+#: builtin/checkout.c:213
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unable to add merge result for '%s'"
 msgstr "Konnte Ergebnis der Zusammenführung von '%s' nicht hinzufügen."
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:234 builtin/checkout.c:392
+#: builtin/checkout.c:237 builtin/checkout.c:240 builtin/checkout.c:243
+#: builtin/checkout.c:246
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with updating paths"
+msgstr "'%s' kann nicht mit Pfaden verwendet werden"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:249 builtin/checkout.c:252
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with %s"
+msgstr "'%s' kann nicht mit '%s' verwendet werden"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:255
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time."
+msgstr "Kann nicht gleichzeitig Pfade aktualisieren und zu Zweig '%s' wechseln"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:266 builtin/checkout.c:458
 msgid "corrupt index file"
 msgstr "beschädigte Bereitstellungsdatei"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:264 builtin/checkout.c:271
+#: builtin/checkout.c:329 builtin/checkout.c:336
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' is unmerged"
 msgstr "Pfad '%s' ist nicht zusammengeführt."
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:302 builtin/checkout.c:498 builtin/clone.c:583
-#: builtin/merge.c:812
-msgid "unable to write new index file"
-msgstr "Konnte neue Bereitstellungsdatei nicht schreiben."
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:319 builtin/diff.c:302 builtin/merge.c:408
-msgid "diff_setup_done failed"
-msgstr "diff_setup_done fehlgeschlagen"
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:414
+#: builtin/checkout.c:480
 msgid "you need to resolve your current index first"
-msgstr "Du musst zuerst deine aktuelle Bereitstellung auflösen."
+msgstr "Sie müssen zuerst Ihre aktuelle Bereitstellung auflösen."
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:533
+#: builtin/checkout.c:601
 #, c-format
 msgid "Can not do reflog for '%s'\n"
 msgstr "Konnte \"reflog\" für '%s' nicht durchführen\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:566
+#: builtin/checkout.c:634
 msgid "HEAD is now at"
 msgstr "Zweigspitze (HEAD) ist jetzt bei"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:573
+#: builtin/checkout.c:641
 #, c-format
 msgid "Reset branch '%s'\n"
-msgstr "Setze Zweig '%s' zurück\n"
+msgstr "Setze Zweig '%s' neu\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:576
+#: builtin/checkout.c:644
 #, c-format
 msgid "Already on '%s'\n"
 msgstr "Bereits auf '%s'\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:580
+#: builtin/checkout.c:648
 #, c-format
 msgid "Switched to and reset branch '%s'\n"
-msgstr "Gewechselt zu zurückgesetztem Zweig '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Gewechselt zu neu gesetztem Zweig '%s'\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:582
+#: builtin/checkout.c:650 builtin/checkout.c:987
 #, c-format
 msgid "Switched to a new branch '%s'\n"
 msgstr "Gewechselt zu einem neuen Zweig '%s'\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:584
+#: builtin/checkout.c:652
 #, c-format
 msgid "Switched to branch '%s'\n"
 msgstr "Gewechselt zu Zweig '%s'\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:640
+#: builtin/checkout.c:708
 #, c-format
 msgid " ... and %d more.\n"
 msgstr " ... und %d weitere.\n"
 
 #. The singular version
-#: builtin/checkout.c:646
+#: builtin/checkout.c:714
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Warning: you are leaving %d commit behind, not connected to\n"
@@ -1848,17 +3223,17 @@
 "\n"
 "%s\n"
 msgstr[0] ""
-"Warnung: Du bist um %d Version hinterher, nicht verbunden zu\n"
-"einem deiner Zweige:\n"
+"Warnung: Sie sind um %d Version hinterher, nicht verbunden zu\n"
+"einem Ihrer Zweige:\n"
 "\n"
 "%s\n"
 msgstr[1] ""
-"Warnung: Du bist um %d Versionen hinterher, nicht verbunden zu\n"
-"einem deiner Zweige:\n"
+"Warnung: Sie sind um %d Versionen hinterher, nicht verbunden zu\n"
+"einem Ihrer Zweige:\n"
 "\n"
 "%s\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:664
+#: builtin/checkout.c:732
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "If you want to keep them by creating a new branch, this may be a good time\n"
@@ -1867,125 +3242,234 @@
 " git branch new_branch_name %s\n"
 "\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Wenn du diese durch einen neuen Zweig behalten möchtest, dann könnte jetzt\n"
+"Wenn Sie diese durch einen neuen Zweig behalten möchten, dann könnte jetzt\n"
 "ein guter Zeitpunkt sein dies zu tun mit:\n"
 "\n"
 " git branch neuer_zweig_name %s\n"
 "\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:694
+#: builtin/checkout.c:762
 msgid "internal error in revision walk"
 msgstr "interner Fehler im Revisionsgang"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:698
+#: builtin/checkout.c:766
 msgid "Previous HEAD position was"
 msgstr "Vorherige Position der Zweigspitze (HEAD) war"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:724
+#: builtin/checkout.c:793 builtin/checkout.c:982
 msgid "You are on a branch yet to be born"
-msgstr "du bist auf einem Zweig, der noch geboren wird"
+msgstr "Sie sind auf einem Zweig, der noch geboren wird"
 
 #. case (1)
-#: builtin/checkout.c:855
+#: builtin/checkout.c:918
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid reference: %s"
 msgstr "Ungültige Referenz: %s"
 
 #. case (1): want a tree
-#: builtin/checkout.c:894
+#: builtin/checkout.c:957
 #, c-format
 msgid "reference is not a tree: %s"
 msgstr "Referenz ist kein Baum: %s"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:974
-msgid "-B cannot be used with -b"
-msgstr "-B kann nicht mit -b benutzt werden"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:996
+msgid "paths cannot be used with switching branches"
+msgstr "Pfade können nicht beim Wechseln von Zweigen verwendet werden"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:983
-msgid "--patch is incompatible with all other options"
-msgstr "--patch ist inkompatibel mit allen anderen Optionen"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:999 builtin/checkout.c:1003
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with switching branches"
+msgstr "'%s' kann nicht beim Wechseln von Zweigen verwendet werden"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:986
-msgid "--detach cannot be used with -b/-B/--orphan"
-msgstr "--detach kann nicht mit -b/-B/--orphan benutzt werden"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1007 builtin/checkout.c:1010 builtin/checkout.c:1015
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1018
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s' kann nicht mit '%s' verwendet werden"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:988
-msgid "--detach cannot be used with -t"
-msgstr "--detach kann nicht mit -t benutzt werden"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1023
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot switch branch to a non-commit '%s'"
+msgstr "Kann Zweig nicht zu Nicht-Version '%s' wechseln"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:994
-msgid "--track needs a branch name"
-msgstr "--track benötigt einen Zweignamen"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1045 builtin/checkout.c:1047 builtin/clone.c:90
+#: builtin/remote.c:169 builtin/remote.c:171
+msgid "branch"
+msgstr "Zweig"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1001
-msgid "Missing branch name; try -b"
-msgstr "Vermisse Zweignamen; versuche -b"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1046
+msgid "create and checkout a new branch"
+msgstr "erzeugt und checkt einen neuen Zweig aus"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1007
-msgid "--orphan and -b|-B are mutually exclusive"
-msgstr "--orphan und -b|-B sind gegenseitig exklusiv"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1048
+msgid "create/reset and checkout a branch"
+msgstr "erzeugt/setzt neu und checkt einen Zweig aus"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1009
-msgid "--orphan cannot be used with -t"
-msgstr "--orphan kann nicht mit -t benutzt werden"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1049
+msgid "create reflog for new branch"
+msgstr "erzeugt Referenzprotokoll für den neuen Zweig"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1019
-msgid "git checkout: -f and -m are incompatible"
-msgstr "git checkout: -f und -m sind inkompatibel"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1050
+msgid "detach the HEAD at named commit"
+msgstr "setzt die Zweigspitze (HEAD) zu benannter Version"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1051
+msgid "set upstream info for new branch"
+msgstr "setzt Informationen zum externen Übernahmezweig für den neuen Zweig"
 
 #: builtin/checkout.c:1053
+msgid "new branch"
+msgstr "neuer Zweig"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1053
+msgid "new unparented branch"
+msgstr "neuer Zweig ohne Elternversion"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1054
+msgid "checkout our version for unmerged files"
+msgstr "checkt unsere Variante für nicht zusammengeführte Dateien aus"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1056
+msgid "checkout their version for unmerged files"
+msgstr "checkt ihre Variante für nicht zusammengeführte Dateien aus"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1058
+msgid "force checkout (throw away local modifications)"
+msgstr "erzwingt Auschecken (verwirft lokale Änderungen)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1059
+msgid "perform a 3-way merge with the new branch"
+msgstr "führt eine 3-Wege-Zusammenführung mit dem neuen Zweig aus"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1060 builtin/merge.c:217
+msgid "update ignored files (default)"
+msgstr "aktualisiert ignorierte Dateien (Standard)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1061 builtin/log.c:1158 parse-options.h:245
+msgid "style"
+msgstr "Stil"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1062
+msgid "conflict style (merge or diff3)"
+msgstr "Konfliktstil (merge oder diff3)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1065
+msgid "do not limit pathspecs to sparse entries only"
+msgstr "Pfadspezifikationen ignorieren Einstellungen zum partiellen Auschecken"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1067
+msgid "second guess 'git checkout no-such-branch'"
+msgstr "second guess 'git checkout no-such-branch'"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1091
+msgid "-b, -B and --orphan are mutually exclusive"
+msgstr "Die Optionen -b, -B und --orphan schließen sich gegenseitig aus."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1108
+msgid "--track needs a branch name"
+msgstr "Bei der Option --track muss ein Zweigname angegeben werden."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1115
+msgid "Missing branch name; try -b"
+msgstr "Vermisse Zweignamen; versuchen Sie -b"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1150
 msgid "invalid path specification"
 msgstr "ungültige Pfadspezifikation"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1061
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1157
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
-"git checkout: updating paths is incompatible with switching branches.\n"
+"Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time.\n"
 "Did you intend to checkout '%s' which can not be resolved as commit?"
 msgstr ""
-"git checkout: Die Aktualisierung von Pfaden ist inkompatibel mit dem Wechsel "
-"von Zweigen.\n"
-"Hast du beabsichtigt '%s' auszuchecken, welcher nicht als Version aufgelöst "
-"werden kann?"
+"Kann nicht gleichzeitig Pfade aktualisieren und zu Zweig '%s' wechseln.\n"
+"Haben Sie beabsichtigt '%s' auszuchecken, welcher nicht als Version "
+"aufgelöst werden kann?"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1063
-msgid "git checkout: updating paths is incompatible with switching branches."
-msgstr ""
-"git checkout: Die Aktualisierung von Pfaden ist inkompatibel mit dem Wechsel "
-"von Zweigen."
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1162
+#, c-format
+msgid "git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument '%s'"
+msgstr "git checkout: --detach nimmt kein Pfad-Argument '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1068
-msgid "git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument"
-msgstr "git checkout: --detach nimmt kein Pfad-Argument"
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1071
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1166
 msgid ""
 "git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge are incompatible when\n"
 "checking out of the index."
 msgstr ""
-"git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge sind inkompatibel wenn\n"
-"du aus der Bereitstellung auscheckst."
+"git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force und --merge sind inkompatibel wenn\n"
+"Sie aus der Bereitstellung auschecken."
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1090
-msgid "Cannot switch branch to a non-commit."
-msgstr "Kann Zweig nur zu einer Version wechseln."
+#: builtin/clean.c:20
+msgid "git clean [-d] [-f] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr "git clean [-d] [-f] [-n] [-q] [-e <Muster>] [-x | -X] [--] <Pfade>..."
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1093
-msgid "--ours/--theirs is incompatible with switching branches."
-msgstr "--ours/--theirs ist inkompatibel mit den Wechseln von Zweigen."
+#: builtin/clean.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s\n"
+msgstr "Lösche %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:78
+#: builtin/clean.c:25
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would remove %s\n"
+msgstr "Würde %s löschen\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:26
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping repository %s\n"
+msgstr "Überspringe Projektarchiv %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:27
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would skip repository %s\n"
+msgstr "Würde Projektarchiv %s überspringen\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:28
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to remove %s"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Löschen von %s"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:160
+msgid "do not print names of files removed"
+msgstr "gibt keine Namen von gelöschten Dateien aus"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:162
+msgid "force"
+msgstr "erzwingt Aktion"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:164
+msgid "remove whole directories"
+msgstr "löscht ganze Verzeichnisse"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:165 builtin/describe.c:412 builtin/grep.c:717
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:487 builtin/name-rev.c:231 builtin/show-ref.c:182
+msgid "pattern"
+msgstr "Muster"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:166
+msgid "add <pattern> to ignore rules"
+msgstr "fügt <Muster> zu den Regeln für ignorierte Pfade hinzu"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:167
+msgid "remove ignored files, too"
+msgstr "löscht auch ignorierte Dateien"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:169
+msgid "remove only ignored files"
+msgstr "löscht nur ignorierte Dateien"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:187
 msgid "-x and -X cannot be used together"
-msgstr "-x und -X können nicht zusammen benutzt werden"
+msgstr "Die Optionen -x und -X können nicht gemeinsam verwendet werden."
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:82
+#: builtin/clean.c:191
 msgid ""
 "clean.requireForce set to true and neither -n nor -f given; refusing to clean"
 msgstr ""
 "clean.requireForce auf \"true\" gesetzt und weder -n noch -f gegeben; "
 "Säuberung verweigert"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:85
+#: builtin/clean.c:194
 msgid ""
 "clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -n nor -f given; refusing to "
 "clean"
@@ -1993,163 +3477,282 @@
 "clean.requireForce standardmäßig auf \"true\" gesetzt und weder -n noch -f "
 "gegeben; Säuberung verweigert"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:155 builtin/clean.c:176
-#, c-format
-msgid "Would remove %s\n"
-msgstr "Würde %s entfernen\n"
+#: builtin/clone.c:37
+msgid "git clone [options] [--] <repo> [<dir>]"
+msgstr "git clone [Optionen] [--] <Projektarchiv> [<Verzeichnis>]"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:159 builtin/clean.c:179
-#, c-format
-msgid "Removing %s\n"
-msgstr "Entferne %s\n"
+#: builtin/clone.c:65 builtin/fetch.c:82 builtin/merge.c:214
+#: builtin/push.c:436
+msgid "force progress reporting"
+msgstr "erzwingt Fortschrittsanzeige"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:162 builtin/clean.c:182
-#, c-format
-msgid "failed to remove %s"
-msgstr "Fehler beim Entfernen von %s"
+#: builtin/clone.c:67
+msgid "don't create a checkout"
+msgstr "kein Auschecken"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:166
-#, c-format
-msgid "Would not remove %s\n"
-msgstr "Würde nicht entfernen %s\n"
+#: builtin/clone.c:68 builtin/clone.c:70 builtin/init-db.c:488
+msgid "create a bare repository"
+msgstr "erstellt ein bloßes Projektarchiv"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:168
-#, c-format
-msgid "Not removing %s\n"
-msgstr "Entferne nicht %s\n"
+#: builtin/clone.c:73
+msgid "create a mirror repository (implies bare)"
+msgstr "erstellt ein Spiegelarchiv (impliziert bloßes Projektarchiv)"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:243
-#, c-format
-msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local directory."
-msgstr "Referenziertes Projektarchiv '%s' ist kein lokales Verzeichnis."
+#: builtin/clone.c:75
+msgid "to clone from a local repository"
+msgstr "um von einem lokalen Projektarchiv zu klonen"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:302
-#, c-format
-msgid "failed to open '%s'"
-msgstr "Fehler beim Öffnen von '%s'"
+#: builtin/clone.c:77
+msgid "don't use local hardlinks, always copy"
+msgstr "verwendet lokal keine harten Links, immer Kopien"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:306
+#: builtin/clone.c:79
+msgid "setup as shared repository"
+msgstr "Einrichtung als verteiltes Projektarchiv"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:81 builtin/clone.c:83
+msgid "initialize submodules in the clone"
+msgstr "initialisiert Unterprojekte im Klon"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:84 builtin/init-db.c:485
+msgid "template-directory"
+msgstr "Vorlagenverzeichnis"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:85 builtin/init-db.c:486
+msgid "directory from which templates will be used"
+msgstr "Verzeichnis, von welchem die Vorlagen verwendet werden"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:87
+msgid "reference repository"
+msgstr "referenziert Projektarchiv"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:88 builtin/column.c:26 builtin/merge-file.c:44
+msgid "name"
+msgstr "Name"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:89
+msgid "use <name> instead of 'origin' to track upstream"
+msgstr "verwendet <Name> statt 'origin' für externes Projektarchiv"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:91
+msgid "checkout <branch> instead of the remote's HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+"checkt <Zweig> aus, anstatt Zweigspitze (HEAD) des externen Projektarchivs"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:93
+msgid "path to git-upload-pack on the remote"
+msgstr "Pfad zu \"git-upload-pack\" auf der Gegenseite"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:94 builtin/fetch.c:83 builtin/grep.c:662
+msgid "depth"
+msgstr "Tiefe"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:95
+msgid "create a shallow clone of that depth"
+msgstr "erstellt einen flachen Klon mit dieser Tiefe"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:97
+msgid "clone only one branch, HEAD or --branch"
+msgstr "klont nur einen Zweig, Zweigspitze (HEAD) oder --branch"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:98 builtin/init-db.c:494
+msgid "gitdir"
+msgstr ".git-Verzeichnis"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:99 builtin/init-db.c:495
+msgid "separate git dir from working tree"
+msgstr "separiert Git-Verzeichnis vom Arbeitsbaum"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:100
+msgid "key=value"
+msgstr "Schlüssel=Wert"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:101
+msgid "set config inside the new repository"
+msgstr "setzt Konfiguration innerhalb des neuen Projektarchivs"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:254
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local repository."
+msgstr "Referenziertes Projektarchiv '%s' ist kein lokales Projektarchiv."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:317
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to create directory '%s'"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Erstellen von Verzeichnis '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:308 builtin/diff.c:75
+#: builtin/clone.c:319 builtin/diff.c:77
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to stat '%s'"
 msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:310
+#: builtin/clone.c:321
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s exists and is not a directory"
 msgstr "%s existiert und ist kein Verzeichnis"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:324
+#: builtin/clone.c:335
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to stat %s\n"
 msgstr "Konnte %s nicht lesen\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:341
-#, c-format
-msgid "failed to unlink '%s'"
-msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht entfernen"
-
-#: builtin/clone.c:346
+#: builtin/clone.c:357
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to create link '%s'"
 msgstr "Konnte Verknüpfung '%s' nicht erstellen"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:350
+#: builtin/clone.c:361
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to copy file to '%s'"
 msgstr "Konnte Datei nicht nach '%s' kopieren"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:373
+#: builtin/clone.c:384
 #, c-format
 msgid "done.\n"
 msgstr "Fertig.\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:440
+#: builtin/clone.c:397
+msgid ""
+"Clone succeeded, but checkout failed.\n"
+"You can inspect what was checked out with 'git status'\n"
+"and retry the checkout with 'git checkout -f HEAD'\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Klonen erfolgreich, Auschecken ist aber fehlgeschlagen.\n"
+"Sie können mit 'git status' prüfen, was ausgecheckt worden ist\n"
+"und das Auschecken mit 'git checkout -f HEAD' erneut versuchen.\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:476
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not find remote branch %s to clone."
 msgstr "Konnte zu klonenden externer Zweig %s nicht finden."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:549
+#: builtin/clone.c:550
+msgid "remote did not send all necessary objects"
+msgstr "Fernarchiv hat nicht alle erforderlichen Objekte gesendet."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:610
 msgid "remote HEAD refers to nonexistent ref, unable to checkout.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "Externe Zweigspitze (HEAD) bezieht sich auf eine nicht existierende Referenz "
 "und kann nicht ausgecheckt werden.\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:639
+#: builtin/clone.c:641
+msgid "unable to checkout working tree"
+msgstr "Arbeitsbaum konnte nicht ausgecheckt werden"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:749
 msgid "Too many arguments."
 msgstr "Zu viele Argumente."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:643
+#: builtin/clone.c:753
 msgid "You must specify a repository to clone."
-msgstr "Du musst ein Projektarchiv zum Klonen angeben."
+msgstr "Sie müssen ein Projektarchiv zum Klonen angeben."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:654
+#: builtin/clone.c:764
 #, c-format
 msgid "--bare and --origin %s options are incompatible."
-msgstr "--bare und --origin %s Optionen sind inkompatibel."
+msgstr "Die Optionen --bare und --origin %s sind inkompatibel."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:668
+#: builtin/clone.c:767
+msgid "--bare and --separate-git-dir are incompatible."
+msgstr "Die Optionen --bare und --separate-git-dir sind inkompatibel."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:780
 #, c-format
 msgid "repository '%s' does not exist"
 msgstr "Projektarchiv '%s' existiert nicht."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:673
+#: builtin/clone.c:785
 msgid "--depth is ignored in local clones; use file:// instead."
-msgstr "--depth wird in lokalen Klonen ignoriert; benutze stattdessen file://."
+msgstr ""
+"Die Option --depth wird in lokalen Klonen ignoriert; benutzen Sie "
+"stattdessen file://"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:683
+#: builtin/clone.c:795
 #, c-format
 msgid "destination path '%s' already exists and is not an empty directory."
 msgstr "Zielpfad '%s' existiert bereits und ist kein leeres Verzeichnis."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:693
+#: builtin/clone.c:805
 #, c-format
 msgid "working tree '%s' already exists."
 msgstr "Arbeitsbaum '%s' existiert bereits."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:706 builtin/clone.c:720
+#: builtin/clone.c:818 builtin/clone.c:830
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create leading directories of '%s'"
 msgstr "Konnte führende Verzeichnisse von '%s' nicht erstellen."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:709
+#: builtin/clone.c:821
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create work tree dir '%s'."
 msgstr "Konnte Arbeitsverzeichnis '%s' nicht erstellen."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:728
+#: builtin/clone.c:840
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cloning into bare repository '%s'...\n"
 msgstr "Klone in bloßes Projektarchiv '%s'...\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:730
+#: builtin/clone.c:842
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cloning into '%s'...\n"
 msgstr "Klone nach '%s'...\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:786
+#: builtin/clone.c:877
 #, c-format
 msgid "Don't know how to clone %s"
 msgstr "Weiß nicht wie %s zu klonen ist."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:835
+#: builtin/clone.c:926
 #, c-format
 msgid "Remote branch %s not found in upstream %s"
 msgstr "externer Zweig %s nicht im anderen Projektarchiv %s gefunden"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:842
+#: builtin/clone.c:933
 msgid "You appear to have cloned an empty repository."
-msgstr "Du scheinst ein leeres Projektarchiv geklont zu haben."
+msgstr "Sie scheinen ein leeres Projektarchiv geklont zu haben."
+
+#: builtin/column.c:9
+msgid "git column [options]"
+msgstr "git column [Optionen]"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:26
+msgid "lookup config vars"
+msgstr "schlägt Konfigurationsvariablen nach"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:27 builtin/column.c:28
+msgid "layout to use"
+msgstr "zu verwendende Anordnung"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:29
+msgid "Maximum width"
+msgstr "maximale Breite"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:30
+msgid "Padding space on left border"
+msgstr "Abstand zum linken Rand"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:31
+msgid "Padding space on right border"
+msgstr "Abstand zur rechten Rand"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:32
+msgid "Padding space between columns"
+msgstr "Abstand zwischen Spalten"
 
 #: builtin/column.c:51
 msgid "--command must be the first argument"
-msgstr "Option --command muss zuerst angegeben werden"
+msgstr "Die Option --command muss an erster Stelle stehen."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:43
+#: builtin/commit.c:34
+msgid "git commit [options] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git commit [Optionen] [--] <Pfadspezifikation>..."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:39
+msgid "git status [options] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git status [Optionen] [--] <Pfadspezifikation>..."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:44
 msgid ""
 "Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
 "on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
@@ -2162,30 +3765,30 @@
 "\n"
 "    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Dein Name und E-Mail Adresse wurden automatisch auf Basis\n"
-"deines Benutzer- und Rechnernamens konfiguriert. Bitte prüfe, dass diese\n"
-"zutreffend sind. Du kannst diese Meldung unterdrücken, indem du diese\n"
-"explizit setzt:\n"
+"Ihr Name und E-Mail Adresse wurden automatisch auf Basis\n"
+"Ihres Benutzer- und Rechnernamens konfiguriert. Bitte prüfen Sie, dass\n"
+"diese zutreffend sind. Sie können diese Meldung unterdrücken, indem Sie\n"
+"diese explizit setzen:\n"
 "\n"
-"    git config --global user.name \"Dein Name\"\n"
-"    git config --global user.email deine@emailadresse.de\n"
+"    git config --global user.name \"Ihr Name\"\n"
+"    git config --global user.email ihre@emailadresse.de\n"
 "\n"
-"Nachdem du das getan hast, kannst du deine Identität für diese Version "
+"Nachdem Sie das getan hast, können Sie Ihre Identität für diese Version "
 "ändern mit:\n"
 "\n"
 "    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:55
+#: builtin/commit.c:56
 msgid ""
 "You asked to amend the most recent commit, but doing so would make\n"
 "it empty. You can repeat your command with --allow-empty, or you can\n"
 "remove the commit entirely with \"git reset HEAD^\".\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Du fragtest die jüngste Version nachzubessern, aber das würde diese leer\n"
-"machen. Du kannst Dein Kommando mit --allow-empty wiederholen, oder die\n"
+"Sie fragten die jüngste Version nachzubessern, aber das würde diese leer\n"
+"machen. Sie können Ihr Kommando mit --allow-empty wiederholen, oder die\n"
 "Version mit \"git reset HEAD^\" vollständig entfernen.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:60
+#: builtin/commit.c:61
 msgid ""
 "The previous cherry-pick is now empty, possibly due to conflict resolution.\n"
 "If you wish to commit it anyway, use:\n"
@@ -2196,103 +3799,103 @@
 msgstr ""
 "Der letzte \"cherry-pick\" ist jetzt leer, möglicherweise durch eine "
 "Konfliktauflösung.\n"
-"Wenn du dies trotzdem eintragen willst, benutze:\n"
+"Wenn Sie dies trotzdem eintragen wollen, benutzen Sie:\n"
 "\n"
 "    git commit --allow-empty\n"
 "\n"
-"Andernfalls benutze bitte 'git reset'\n"
+"Andernfalls benutzen Sie bitte 'git reset'\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:253
+#: builtin/commit.c:260
 msgid "failed to unpack HEAD tree object"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Entpacken des Baum-Objektes der Zweigspitze (HEAD)."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:295
+#: builtin/commit.c:302
 msgid "unable to create temporary index"
 msgstr "Konnte temporäre Bereitstellung nicht erstellen."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:301
+#: builtin/commit.c:308
 msgid "interactive add failed"
 msgstr "interaktives Hinzufügen fehlgeschlagen"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:334 builtin/commit.c:355 builtin/commit.c:405
+#: builtin/commit.c:341 builtin/commit.c:362 builtin/commit.c:412
 msgid "unable to write new_index file"
 msgstr "Konnte new_index Datei nicht schreiben"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:386
+#: builtin/commit.c:393
 msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a merge."
 msgstr ""
 "Kann keine partielle Eintragung durchführen, während eine Zusammenführung im "
 "Gange ist."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:388
+#: builtin/commit.c:395
 msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a cherry-pick."
 msgstr ""
 "Kann keine partielle Eintragung durchführen, während \"cherry-pick\" im "
 "Gange ist."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:398
+#: builtin/commit.c:405
 msgid "cannot read the index"
 msgstr "Kann Bereitstellung nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:418
+#: builtin/commit.c:425
 msgid "unable to write temporary index file"
 msgstr "Konnte temporäre Bereitstellungsdatei nicht schreiben."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:493 builtin/commit.c:499
+#: builtin/commit.c:513 builtin/commit.c:519
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid commit: %s"
 msgstr "Ungültige Version: %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:522
+#: builtin/commit.c:542
 msgid "malformed --author parameter"
 msgstr "Fehlerhafter --author Parameter"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:582
+#: builtin/commit.c:562
 #, c-format
 msgid "Malformed ident string: '%s'"
 msgstr "Fehlerhafte Identifikations-String: '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:620 builtin/commit.c:653 builtin/commit.c:967
+#: builtin/commit.c:600 builtin/commit.c:633 builtin/commit.c:956
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not lookup commit %s"
 msgstr "Konnte Version %s nicht nachschlagen"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:632 builtin/shortlog.c:296
+#: builtin/commit.c:612 builtin/shortlog.c:270
 #, c-format
 msgid "(reading log message from standard input)\n"
 msgstr "(lese Log-Nachricht von Standard-Eingabe)\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:634
+#: builtin/commit.c:614
 msgid "could not read log from standard input"
 msgstr "Konnte Log nicht von Standard-Eingabe lesen."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:638
+#: builtin/commit.c:618
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not read log file '%s'"
 msgstr "Konnte Log-Datei '%s' nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:644
+#: builtin/commit.c:624
 msgid "commit has empty message"
 msgstr "Version hat eine leere Beschreibung"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:660
+#: builtin/commit.c:640
 msgid "could not read MERGE_MSG"
 msgstr "Konnte MERGE_MSG nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:664
+#: builtin/commit.c:644
 msgid "could not read SQUASH_MSG"
 msgstr "Konnte SQUASH_MSG nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:668
+#: builtin/commit.c:648
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not read '%s'"
 msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:720
+#: builtin/commit.c:709
 msgid "could not write commit template"
 msgstr "Konnte Versionsvorlage nicht schreiben"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:731
+#: builtin/commit.c:720
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
@@ -2302,12 +3905,12 @@
 "and try again.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "\n"
-"Es sieht so aus, als trägst du eine Zusammenführung ein.\n"
-"Falls das nicht korrekt ist, entferne bitte die Datei\n"
+"Es sieht so aus, als tragen Sie eine Zusammenführung ein.\n"
+"Falls das nicht korrekt ist, löschen Sie bitte die Datei\n"
 "\t%s\n"
-"und versuche es erneut.\n"
+"und versuchen Sie es erneut.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:736
+#: builtin/commit.c:725
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
@@ -2317,263 +3920,606 @@
 "and try again.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "\n"
-"Es sieht so aus, als trägst du ein \"cherry-pick\" ein.\n"
-"Falls das nicht korrekt ist, entferne bitte die Datei\n"
+"Es sieht so aus, als tragen Sie ein \"cherry-pick\" ein.\n"
+"Falls das nicht korrekt ist, löschen Sie bitte die Datei\n"
 "\t%s\n"
-"und versuche es erneut.\n"
+"und versuchen Sie es erneut.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:748
+#: builtin/commit.c:737
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
-"with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+"with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Bitte gebe eine Versionsbeschreibung für deine Änderungen ein. Zeilen,\n"
-"die mit '#' beginnen, werden ignoriert, und eine leere Versionsbeschreibung\n"
+"Bitte geben Sie eine Versionsbeschreibung für Ihre Änderungen ein. Zeilen,\n"
+"die mit '%c' beginnen, werden ignoriert, und eine leere "
+"Versionsbeschreibung\n"
 "bricht die Eintragung ab.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:753
+#: builtin/commit.c:742
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
-"with '#' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
+"with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
 "An empty message aborts the commit.\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Bitte gebe eine Versionsbeschreibung für deine Änderungen ein. Zeilen, die\n"
-"mit '#' beginnen, werden beibehalten; wenn du möchtest, kannst du diese "
+"Bitte geben Sie eine Versionsbeschreibung für Ihre Änderungen ein. Zeilen, "
+"die\n"
+"mit '%c' beginnen, werden beibehalten; wenn Sie möchten, können Sie diese "
 "entfernen.\n"
 "Eine leere Versionsbeschreibung bricht die Eintragung ab.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:766
+#: builtin/commit.c:755
 #, c-format
 msgid "%sAuthor:    %s"
 msgstr "%sAutor:    %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:773
+#: builtin/commit.c:762
 #, c-format
 msgid "%sCommitter: %s"
 msgstr "%sEintragender: %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:793
+#: builtin/commit.c:782
 msgid "Cannot read index"
 msgstr "Kann Bereitstellung nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:830
+#: builtin/commit.c:819
 msgid "Error building trees"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Erzeugen der Zweige"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:845 builtin/tag.c:361
+#: builtin/commit.c:834 builtin/tag.c:359
 #, c-format
 msgid "Please supply the message using either -m or -F option.\n"
 msgstr "Bitte liefere eine Beschreibung entweder mit der Option -m oder -F.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:942
+#: builtin/commit.c:931
 #, c-format
 msgid "No existing author found with '%s'"
 msgstr "Kein existierender Autor mit '%s' gefunden."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:957 builtin/commit.c:1157
+#: builtin/commit.c:946 builtin/commit.c:1140
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid untracked files mode '%s'"
 msgstr "Ungültiger Modus '%s' für unbeobachtete Dateien"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:997
+#: builtin/commit.c:976
 msgid "Using both --reset-author and --author does not make sense"
-msgstr "Verwendung von --reset-author und --author macht keinen Sinn."
+msgstr ""
+"Die Optionen --reset-author und --author können nicht gemeinsam verwendet "
+"werden."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1008
+#: builtin/commit.c:987
 msgid "You have nothing to amend."
-msgstr "Du hast nichts zum nachbessern."
+msgstr "Sie haben nichts zum nachbessern."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1011
+#: builtin/commit.c:990
 msgid "You are in the middle of a merge -- cannot amend."
 msgstr "Eine Zusammenführung ist im Gange -- kann nicht nachbessern."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1013
+#: builtin/commit.c:992
 msgid "You are in the middle of a cherry-pick -- cannot amend."
 msgstr "\"cherry-pick\" ist im Gange -- kann nicht nachbessern."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1016
+#: builtin/commit.c:995
 msgid "Options --squash and --fixup cannot be used together"
 msgstr ""
-"Die Optionen --squash und --fixup können nicht gemeinsam benutzt werden."
+"Die Optionen --squash und --fixup können nicht gemeinsam verwendet werden."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1026
+#: builtin/commit.c:1005
 msgid "Only one of -c/-C/-F/--fixup can be used."
-msgstr "Nur eines von -c/-C/-F/--fixup kann benutzt werden."
+msgstr "Es kann nur eine Option von -c/-C/-F/--fixup verwendet werden."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1028
+#: builtin/commit.c:1007
 msgid "Option -m cannot be combined with -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
-msgstr "Option -m kann nicht mit -c/-C/-F/--fixup kombiniert werden"
+msgstr "Die Option -m kann nicht mit -c/-C/-F/--fixup kombiniert werden."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1036
+#: builtin/commit.c:1015
 msgid "--reset-author can be used only with -C, -c or --amend."
-msgstr "--reset--author kann nur mit -C, -c oder --amend benutzt werden"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Option --reset--author kann nur mit -C, -c oder --amend verwendet werden."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1053
+#: builtin/commit.c:1032
 msgid "Only one of --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch can be used."
 msgstr ""
-"Nur eines von --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch kann benutzt "
-"werden."
+"Es kann nur eine Option von --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch "
+"verwendet werden."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1055
+#: builtin/commit.c:1034
 msgid "No paths with --include/--only does not make sense."
-msgstr "--include/--only machen ohne Pfade keinen Sinn."
+msgstr ""
+"Die Optionen --include und --only können nur mit der Angabe von Pfaden "
+"verwendet werden."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1057
+#: builtin/commit.c:1036
 msgid "Clever... amending the last one with dirty index."
 msgstr ""
 "Klug... die letzte Version mit einer unsauberen Bereitstellung nachbessern."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1059
+#: builtin/commit.c:1038
 msgid "Explicit paths specified without -i nor -o; assuming --only paths..."
 msgstr ""
 "Explizite Pfade ohne -i oder -o angegeben; unter der Annahme von --only "
 "Pfaden..."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1069 builtin/tag.c:577
+#: builtin/commit.c:1048 builtin/tag.c:575
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid cleanup mode %s"
 msgstr "Ungültiger \"cleanup\" Modus %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1074
+#: builtin/commit.c:1053
 msgid "Paths with -a does not make sense."
-msgstr "Pfade mit -a machen keinen Sinn."
+msgstr "Die Option -a kann nur mit der Angabe von Pfaden verwendet werden."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1257
+#: builtin/commit.c:1059 builtin/commit.c:1194
+msgid "--long and -z are incompatible"
+msgstr "Die Optionen --long und -z sind inkompatibel."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1154 builtin/commit.c:1390
+msgid "show status concisely"
+msgstr "zeigt Status im Kurzformat"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1156 builtin/commit.c:1392
+msgid "show branch information"
+msgstr "zeigt Zweiginformationen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1158 builtin/commit.c:1394 builtin/push.c:426
+msgid "machine-readable output"
+msgstr "maschinenlesbare Ausgabe"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1161 builtin/commit.c:1396
+msgid "show status in long format (default)"
+msgstr "zeigt Status im Langformat (Standard)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1164 builtin/commit.c:1399
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL"
+msgstr "schließt Einträge mit NUL-Zeichen ab"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1166 builtin/commit.c:1402 builtin/fast-export.c:659
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:662 builtin/tag.c:459
+msgid "mode"
+msgstr "Modus"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1167 builtin/commit.c:1402
+msgid "show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)"
+msgstr ""
+"zeigt nicht beobachtete Dateien, optionale Modi: all, normal, no. (Standard: "
+"all)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1170
+msgid "show ignored files"
+msgstr "zeigt ignorierte Dateien"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1171 parse-options.h:151
+msgid "when"
+msgstr "wann"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1172
+msgid ""
+"ignore changes to submodules, optional when: all, dirty, untracked. "
+"(Default: all)"
+msgstr ""
+"ignoriert Änderungen in Unterprojekten, optional wenn: all, dirty, "
+"untracked. (Standard: all)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1174
+msgid "list untracked files in columns"
+msgstr "listet unbeobachtete Dateien in Spalten auf"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1248
 msgid "couldn't look up newly created commit"
 msgstr "Konnte neu erstellte Version nicht nachschlagen."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1259
+#: builtin/commit.c:1250
 msgid "could not parse newly created commit"
 msgstr "Konnte neulich erstellte Version nicht analysieren."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1300
+#: builtin/commit.c:1291
 msgid "detached HEAD"
 msgstr "losgelöste Zweigspitze (HEAD)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1302
+#: builtin/commit.c:1293
 msgid " (root-commit)"
 msgstr " (Basis-Version)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1446
+#: builtin/commit.c:1360
+msgid "suppress summary after successful commit"
+msgstr "unterdrückt Zusammenfassung nach erfolgreicher Eintragung"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1361
+msgid "show diff in commit message template"
+msgstr "zeigt Unterschiede in Versionsbeschreibungsvorlage an"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1363
+msgid "Commit message options"
+msgstr "Optionen für Versionsbeschreibung"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1364 builtin/tag.c:457
+msgid "read message from file"
+msgstr "liest Beschreibung von Datei"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1365
+msgid "author"
+msgstr "Autor"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1365
+msgid "override author for commit"
+msgstr "überschreibt Autor von Version"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1366 builtin/gc.c:178
+msgid "date"
+msgstr "Datum"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1366
+msgid "override date for commit"
+msgstr "überschreibt Datum von Version"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1367 builtin/merge.c:208 builtin/notes.c:533
+#: builtin/notes.c:690 builtin/tag.c:455
+msgid "message"
+msgstr "Beschreibung"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1367
+msgid "commit message"
+msgstr "Versionsbeschreibung"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1368
+msgid "reuse and edit message from specified commit"
+msgstr "verwendet wieder und editiert Beschreibung von der angegebenen Version"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1369
+msgid "reuse message from specified commit"
+msgstr "verwendet Beschreibung der angegebenen Version wieder"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1370
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to fixup specified commit"
+msgstr ""
+"verwendet eine automatisch zusammengesetzte Beschreibung zum Nachbessern der "
+"angegebenen Version"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1371
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to squash specified commit"
+msgstr ""
+"verwendet eine automatisch zusammengesetzte Beschreibung zum Zusammenführen "
+"der angegebenen Version"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1372
+msgid "the commit is authored by me now (used with -C/-c/--amend)"
+msgstr "Setzt Sie als Autor der Version (verwendet mit -C/-c/--amend)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1373 builtin/log.c:1113 builtin/revert.c:109
+msgid "add Signed-off-by:"
+msgstr "fügt 'Signed-off-by:'-Zeile hinzu"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1374
+msgid "use specified template file"
+msgstr "verwendet angegebene Vorlagendatei"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1375
+msgid "force edit of commit"
+msgstr "erzwingt Bearbeitung der Version"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1376
+msgid "default"
+msgstr "Standard"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1376 builtin/tag.c:460
+msgid "how to strip spaces and #comments from message"
+msgstr ""
+"wie Leerzeichen und #Kommentare von der Beschreibung getrennt werden sollen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1377
+msgid "include status in commit message template"
+msgstr "fügt Status in die Versionsbeschreibungsvorlage ein"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1378 builtin/merge.c:215 builtin/tag.c:461
+msgid "key id"
+msgstr "Schlüssel-ID"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1379 builtin/merge.c:216
+msgid "GPG sign commit"
+msgstr "signiert Version mit GPG"
+
+#. end commit message options
+#: builtin/commit.c:1382
+msgid "Commit contents options"
+msgstr "Optionen für Versionsinhalt"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1383
+msgid "commit all changed files"
+msgstr "trägt alle geänderten Dateien ein"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1384
+msgid "add specified files to index for commit"
+msgstr "trägt die angegebenen Dateien zusätzlich zur Bereitstellung ein"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1385
+msgid "interactively add files"
+msgstr "interaktives Hinzufügen von Dateien"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1386
+msgid "interactively add changes"
+msgstr "interaktives Hinzufügen von Änderungen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1387
+msgid "commit only specified files"
+msgstr "trägt nur die angegebenen Dateien ein"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1388
+msgid "bypass pre-commit hook"
+msgstr "umgeht \"pre-commit hook\""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1389
+msgid "show what would be committed"
+msgstr "zeigt an, was eingetragen werden würde"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1400
+msgid "amend previous commit"
+msgstr "ändert vorherige Version"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1401
+msgid "bypass post-rewrite hook"
+msgstr "umgeht \"post-rewrite hook\""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1406
+msgid "ok to record an empty change"
+msgstr "erlaubt Aufzeichnung einer leeren Änderung"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1409
+msgid "ok to record a change with an empty message"
+msgstr "erlaubt Aufzeichnung einer Änderung mit einer leeren Beschreibung"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1441
 msgid "could not parse HEAD commit"
 msgstr "Konnte Version der Zweigspitze (HEAD) nicht analysieren."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1484 builtin/merge.c:509
+#: builtin/commit.c:1479 builtin/merge.c:510
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not open '%s' for reading"
 msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht zum Lesen öffnen."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1491
+#: builtin/commit.c:1486
 #, c-format
 msgid "Corrupt MERGE_HEAD file (%s)"
 msgstr "Beschädigte MERGE_HEAD-Datei (%s)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1498
+#: builtin/commit.c:1493
 msgid "could not read MERGE_MODE"
 msgstr "Konnte MERGE_MODE nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1517
+#: builtin/commit.c:1512
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not read commit message: %s"
 msgstr "Konnte Versionsbeschreibung nicht lesen: %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1531
+#: builtin/commit.c:1526
 #, c-format
 msgid "Aborting commit; you did not edit the message.\n"
-msgstr "Eintragung abgebrochen; du hast die Beschreibung nicht editiert.\n"
+msgstr "Eintragung abgebrochen; Sie haben die Beschreibung nicht editiert.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1536
+#: builtin/commit.c:1531
 #, c-format
 msgid "Aborting commit due to empty commit message.\n"
 msgstr "Eintragung aufgrund leerer Versionsbeschreibung abgebrochen.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1551 builtin/merge.c:936 builtin/merge.c:961
+#: builtin/commit.c:1546 builtin/merge.c:847 builtin/merge.c:872
 msgid "failed to write commit object"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Schreiben des Versionsobjektes."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1572
+#: builtin/commit.c:1567
 msgid "cannot lock HEAD ref"
 msgstr "Kann Referenz der Zweigspitze (HEAD) nicht sperren."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1576
+#: builtin/commit.c:1571
 msgid "cannot update HEAD ref"
 msgstr "Kann Referenz der Zweigspitze (HEAD) nicht aktualisieren."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1587
+#: builtin/commit.c:1582
 msgid ""
 "Repository has been updated, but unable to write\n"
 "new_index file. Check that disk is not full or quota is\n"
 "not exceeded, and then \"git reset HEAD\" to recover."
 msgstr ""
 "Das Projektarchiv wurde aktualisiert, aber die \"new_index\"-Datei\n"
-"konnte nicht geschrieben werden. Prüfe, dass dein Speicher nicht\n"
-"voll und Dein Kontingent nicht aufgebraucht ist und führe\n"
+"konnte nicht geschrieben werden. Prüfen Sie, dass Ihre Festplatte nicht\n"
+"voll und Ihr Kontingent nicht aufgebraucht ist und führen Sie\n"
 "anschließend \"git reset HEAD\" zu Wiederherstellung aus."
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:234
+#: builtin/config.c:7
+msgid "git config [options]"
+msgstr "git config [Optionen]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:51
+msgid "Config file location"
+msgstr "Ort der Konfigurationsdatei"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:52
+msgid "use global config file"
+msgstr "verwendet globale Konfigurationsdatei"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:53
+msgid "use system config file"
+msgstr "verwendet systemweite Konfigurationsdatei"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:54
+msgid "use repository config file"
+msgstr "verwendet Konfigurationsdatei des Projektarchivs"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:55
+msgid "use given config file"
+msgstr "verwendet die angegebene Konfigurationsdatei"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:56
+msgid "Action"
+msgstr "Aktion"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:57
+msgid "get value: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "gibt Wert zurück: Name [Wert-regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:58
+msgid "get all values: key [value-regex]"
+msgstr "gibt alle Werte zurück: Schlüssel [Wert-regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:59
+msgid "get values for regexp: name-regex [value-regex]"
+msgstr "gibt Werte für den regulären Ausdruck zurück: Name-regex [Wert-regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:60
+msgid "replace all matching variables: name value [value_regex]"
+msgstr "ersetzt alle passenden Variablen: Name Wert [Wert-regex] "
+
+#: builtin/config.c:61
+msgid "add a new variable: name value"
+msgstr "fügt neue Variable hinzu: Name Wert"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:62
+msgid "remove a variable: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "entfernt eine Variable: Name [Wert-regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:63
+msgid "remove all matches: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "entfernt alle Übereinstimmungen: Name [Wert-regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:64
+msgid "rename section: old-name new-name"
+msgstr "benennt eine Sektion um: alter-Name neuer-Name"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:65
+msgid "remove a section: name"
+msgstr "entfernt eine Sektion: Name"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:66
+msgid "list all"
+msgstr "listet alles auf"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:67
+msgid "open an editor"
+msgstr "öffnet einen Editor"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:68 builtin/config.c:69
+msgid "slot"
+msgstr "Slot"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:68
+msgid "find the color configured: [default]"
+msgstr "findet die konfigurierte Farbe: [Standard]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:69
+msgid "find the color setting: [stdout-is-tty]"
+msgstr "findet die Farbeinstellung: [Standard-Ausgabe-ist-Terminal]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:70
+msgid "Type"
+msgstr "Typ"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:71
+msgid "value is \"true\" or \"false\""
+msgstr "Wert ist \"true\" oder \"false\""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:72
+msgid "value is decimal number"
+msgstr "Wert ist eine Dezimalzahl"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:73
+msgid "value is --bool or --int"
+msgstr "Wert ist --bool oder --int"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:74
+msgid "value is a path (file or directory name)"
+msgstr "Wert ist ein Pfad (Datei oder Verzeichnisname)"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:75
+msgid "Other"
+msgstr "Sonstiges"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:76
+msgid "terminate values with NUL byte"
+msgstr "schließt Werte mit NUL-Byte ab"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:77
+msgid "respect include directives on lookup"
+msgstr "beachtet \"include\"-Direktiven beim Nachschlagen"
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:82
+msgid "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+msgstr "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:97
+msgid "print sizes in human readable format"
+msgstr "gibt Größenangaben in menschenlesbaren Format aus"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:15
+msgid "git describe [options] <committish>*"
+msgstr "git describe [Optionen] <committish>*"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:16
+msgid "git describe [options] --dirty"
+msgstr "git describe [Optionen] --dirty"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:233
 #, c-format
 msgid "annotated tag %s not available"
 msgstr "annotierte Markierung %s ist nicht verfügbar"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:238
+#: builtin/describe.c:237
 #, c-format
 msgid "annotated tag %s has no embedded name"
 msgstr "annotierte Markierung %s hat keinen eingebetteten Namen"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:240
+#: builtin/describe.c:239
 #, c-format
 msgid "tag '%s' is really '%s' here"
 msgstr "Markierung '%s' ist eigentlich '%s' hier"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:267
+#: builtin/describe.c:266
 #, c-format
 msgid "Not a valid object name %s"
 msgstr "%s ist kein gültiger Objekt-Name"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:270
+#: builtin/describe.c:269
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s is not a valid '%s' object"
 msgstr "%s ist kein gültiges '%s' Objekt"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:287
+#: builtin/describe.c:286
 #, c-format
 msgid "no tag exactly matches '%s'"
 msgstr "kein Markierung entspricht exakt '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:289
+#: builtin/describe.c:288
 #, c-format
 msgid "searching to describe %s\n"
 msgstr "suche zur Beschreibung von %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:329
+#: builtin/describe.c:328
 #, c-format
 msgid "finished search at %s\n"
 msgstr "beendete Suche bei %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:353
+#: builtin/describe.c:352
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "No annotated tags can describe '%s'.\n"
 "However, there were unannotated tags: try --tags."
 msgstr ""
 "Keine annotierten Markierungen können '%s' beschreiben.\n"
-"Jedoch gab es nicht annotierte Markierungen: versuche --tags."
+"Jedoch gab es nicht annotierte Markierungen: versuchen Sie --tags."
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:357
+#: builtin/describe.c:356
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "No tags can describe '%s'.\n"
 "Try --always, or create some tags."
 msgstr ""
 "Keine Markierungen können '%s' beschreiben.\n"
-"Versuche --always oder erstelle einige Markierungen."
+"Versuchen Sie --always oder erstellen Sie einige Markierungen."
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:378
+#: builtin/describe.c:377
 #, c-format
 msgid "traversed %lu commits\n"
 msgstr "%lu Versionen durchlaufen\n"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:381
+#: builtin/describe.c:380
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "more than %i tags found; listed %i most recent\n"
@@ -2582,211 +4528,512 @@
 "mehr als %i Markierungen gefunden; Führe die ersten %i auf\n"
 "Suche bei %s aufgegeben\n"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:436
-msgid "--long is incompatible with --abbrev=0"
-msgstr "--long ist inkompatibel mit --abbrev=0"
+#: builtin/describe.c:402
+msgid "find the tag that comes after the commit"
+msgstr "findet die Markierung, die nach der Version kommt"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:462
+#: builtin/describe.c:403
+msgid "debug search strategy on stderr"
+msgstr "protokolliert die Suchstrategie in der Standard-Fehlerausgabe"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:404
+msgid "use any ref"
+msgstr "verwendet alle Referenzen"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:405
+msgid "use any tag, even unannotated"
+msgstr "verwendet jede Markierung, auch nicht-annotierte"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:406
+msgid "always use long format"
+msgstr "verwendet immer langes Format"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:409
+msgid "only output exact matches"
+msgstr "gibt nur exakte Übereinstimmungen aus"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:411
+msgid "consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)"
+msgstr "betrachtet die jüngsten <n> Markierungen (Standard: 10)"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:413
+msgid "only consider tags matching <pattern>"
+msgstr "betrachtet nur Markierungen die <Muster> entsprechen"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:415 builtin/name-rev.c:238
+msgid "show abbreviated commit object as fallback"
+msgstr "zeigt gekürztes Versionsobjekt, wenn sonst nichts zutrifft"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:416
+msgid "mark"
+msgstr "Kennzeichen"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:417
+msgid "append <mark> on dirty working tree (default: \"-dirty\")"
+msgstr ""
+"fügt <Kennzeichen> bei geändertem Arbeitsbaum hinzu (Standard: \"-dirty\")"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:435
+msgid "--long is incompatible with --abbrev=0"
+msgstr "Die Optionen --long und --abbrev=0 sind inkompatibel."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:461
 msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
 msgstr "Keine Namen gefunden, kann nichts beschreiben."
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:482
+#: builtin/describe.c:481
 msgid "--dirty is incompatible with committishes"
-msgstr "--dirty ist inkompatibel mit Versionen"
+msgstr "Die Option --dirty kann nicht mit Versionen verwendet werden."
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:77
+#: builtin/diff.c:79
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': not a regular file or symlink"
 msgstr "'%s': keine reguläre Datei oder symbolischer Link"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:220
+#: builtin/diff.c:228
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid option: %s"
 msgstr "Ungültige Option: %s"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:297
+#: builtin/diff.c:305
 msgid "Not a git repository"
 msgstr "Kein Git-Projektarchiv"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:347
+#: builtin/diff.c:348
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid object '%s' given."
 msgstr "Objekt '%s' ist ungültig."
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:352
+#: builtin/diff.c:353
 #, c-format
 msgid "more than %d trees given: '%s'"
 msgstr "Mehr als %d Zweige angegeben: '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:362
+#: builtin/diff.c:363
 #, c-format
 msgid "more than two blobs given: '%s'"
 msgstr "Mehr als zwei Blobs angegeben: '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:370
+#: builtin/diff.c:371
 #, c-format
 msgid "unhandled object '%s' given."
 msgstr "unbehandeltes Objekt '%s' angegeben"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:200
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:22
+msgid "git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"
+msgstr "git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:658
+msgid "show progress after <n> objects"
+msgstr "zeigt Fortschritt nach <n> Objekten an"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:660
+msgid "select handling of signed tags"
+msgstr "wählt Behandlung von signierten Markierungen"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:663
+msgid "select handling of tags that tag filtered objects"
+msgstr "wählt Behandlung von Markierungen, die gefilterte Objekte markieren"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:666
+msgid "Dump marks to this file"
+msgstr "Schreibt Kennzeichen in diese Datei"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:668
+msgid "Import marks from this file"
+msgstr "Importiert Kennzeichen von dieser Datei"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:670
+msgid "Fake a tagger when tags lack one"
+msgstr ""
+"erzeugt künstlich einen Markierungsersteller, wenn die Markierung keinen hat"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:672
+msgid "Output full tree for each commit"
+msgstr "gibt für jede Version den gesamten Baum aus"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:674
+msgid "Use the done feature to terminate the stream"
+msgstr "Benutzt die \"done\"-Funktion um den Strom abzuschließen"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:675
+msgid "Skip output of blob data"
+msgstr "Überspringt Ausgabe von Blob-Daten"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:20
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git fetch [<Optionen>] [<Projektarchiv> [<Referenzspezifikation>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:21
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] <group>"
+msgstr "git fetch [<Optionen>] <Gruppe>"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:22
+msgid "git fetch --multiple [<options>] [(<repository> | <group>)...]"
+msgstr "git fetch --multiple [<Optionen>] [(<Projektarchiv> | <Gruppe>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:23
+msgid "git fetch --all [<options>]"
+msgstr "git fetch --all [<Optionen>]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:60
+msgid "fetch from all remotes"
+msgstr "fordert von allen externen Projektarchiven an"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:62
+msgid "append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting"
+msgstr "hängt an .git/FETCH_HEAD an, anstatt zu überschreiben"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:64
+msgid "path to upload pack on remote end"
+msgstr "Pfad des Programms zum Hochladen von Paketen auf der Gegenseite"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:65
+msgid "force overwrite of local branch"
+msgstr "erzwingt das Überschreiben von lokalen Zweigen"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:67
+msgid "fetch from multiple remotes"
+msgstr "fordert von mehreren externen Projektarchiven an"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:69
+msgid "fetch all tags and associated objects"
+msgstr "fordert alle Markierungen und verbundene Objekte an"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:71
+msgid "do not fetch all tags (--no-tags)"
+msgstr "fordert nicht alle Markierungen an (--no-tags)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:73
+msgid "prune remote-tracking branches no longer on remote"
+msgstr ""
+"entfernt externe Übernahmezweige, die sich nicht mehr im Fernarchiv befinden"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:74
+msgid "on-demand"
+msgstr "bei-Bedarf"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:75
+msgid "control recursive fetching of submodules"
+msgstr "kontrolliert rekursive Anforderungen von Unterprojekten"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:79
+msgid "keep downloaded pack"
+msgstr "behält heruntergeladenes Paket"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:81
+msgid "allow updating of HEAD ref"
+msgstr "erlaubt Aktualisierung der \"HEAD\"-Referenz"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:84
+msgid "deepen history of shallow clone"
+msgstr "vertieft die Historie eines flachen Klon"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:86
+msgid "convert to a complete repository"
+msgstr "konvertiert zu einem vollständigen Projektarchiv"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:88 builtin/log.c:1130
+msgid "dir"
+msgstr "Verzeichnis"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:89
+msgid "prepend this to submodule path output"
+msgstr "stellt dies an die Ausgabe der Unterprojekt-Pfade voran"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:92
+msgid "default mode for recursion"
+msgstr "Standard-Modus für Rekursion"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:204
 msgid "Couldn't find remote ref HEAD"
 msgstr "Konnte externe Referenz der Zweigspitze (HEAD) nicht finden."
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:253
+#: builtin/fetch.c:257
 #, c-format
 msgid "object %s not found"
 msgstr "Objekt %s nicht gefunden"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:259
+#: builtin/fetch.c:262
 msgid "[up to date]"
 msgstr "[aktuell]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:273
+#: builtin/fetch.c:276
 #, c-format
 msgid "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (can't fetch in current branch)"
 msgstr "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (kann nicht im aktuellen Zweig anfordern)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:274 builtin/fetch.c:360
+#: builtin/fetch.c:277 builtin/fetch.c:363
 msgid "[rejected]"
 msgstr "[zurückgewiesen]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:285
+#: builtin/fetch.c:288
 msgid "[tag update]"
 msgstr "[Markierungsaktualisierung]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:287 builtin/fetch.c:322 builtin/fetch.c:340
+#: builtin/fetch.c:290 builtin/fetch.c:325 builtin/fetch.c:343
 msgid "  (unable to update local ref)"
 msgstr "  (kann lokale Referenz nicht aktualisieren)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:305
+#: builtin/fetch.c:308
 msgid "[new tag]"
 msgstr "[neue Markierung]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:308
+#: builtin/fetch.c:311
 msgid "[new branch]"
 msgstr "[neuer Zweig]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:311
+#: builtin/fetch.c:314
 msgid "[new ref]"
 msgstr "[neue Referenz]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:356
+#: builtin/fetch.c:359
 msgid "unable to update local ref"
 msgstr "kann lokale Referenz nicht aktualisieren"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:356
+#: builtin/fetch.c:359
 msgid "forced update"
 msgstr "Aktualisierung erzwungen"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:362
+#: builtin/fetch.c:365
 msgid "(non-fast-forward)"
 msgstr "(kein Vorspulen)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:393 builtin/fetch.c:685
+#: builtin/fetch.c:396 builtin/fetch.c:688
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open %s: %s\n"
 msgstr "kann %s nicht öffnen: %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:402
+#: builtin/fetch.c:405
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s did not send all necessary objects\n"
 msgstr "%s hat nicht alle erforderlichen Objekte gesendet\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:488
+#: builtin/fetch.c:491
 #, c-format
 msgid "From %.*s\n"
 msgstr "Von %.*s\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:499
+#: builtin/fetch.c:502
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "some local refs could not be updated; try running\n"
 " 'git remote prune %s' to remove any old, conflicting branches"
 msgstr ""
-"Einige lokale Referenzen konnten nicht aktualisiert werden; versuche\n"
-"'git remote prune %s' um jeden älteren, widersprüchlichen Zweig zu entfernen."
+"Einige lokale Referenzen konnten nicht aktualisiert werden; versuchen Sie\n"
+"'git remote prune %s' um jeden älteren, widersprüchlichen Zweig zu löschen."
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:549
+#: builtin/fetch.c:552
 #, c-format
 msgid "   (%s will become dangling)"
 msgstr "   (%s wird unreferenziert)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:550
+#: builtin/fetch.c:553
 #, c-format
 msgid "   (%s has become dangling)"
 msgstr "   (%s wurde unreferenziert)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:557
+#: builtin/fetch.c:560
 msgid "[deleted]"
 msgstr "[gelöscht]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:558 builtin/remote.c:1055
+#: builtin/fetch.c:561 builtin/remote.c:1055
 msgid "(none)"
 msgstr "(nichts)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:675
+#: builtin/fetch.c:678
 #, c-format
 msgid "Refusing to fetch into current branch %s of non-bare repository"
 msgstr ""
 "Das Anfordern in den aktuellen Zweig %s von einem nicht-bloßen Projektarchiv "
 "wurde verweigert."
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:709
+#: builtin/fetch.c:712
 #, c-format
 msgid "Don't know how to fetch from %s"
 msgstr "Weiß nicht wie von %s angefordert wird."
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:786
+#: builtin/fetch.c:789
 #, c-format
 msgid "Option \"%s\" value \"%s\" is not valid for %s"
 msgstr "Option \"%s\" Wert \"%s\" ist nicht gültig für %s"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:789
+#: builtin/fetch.c:792
 #, c-format
 msgid "Option \"%s\" is ignored for %s\n"
 msgstr "Option \"%s\" wird ignoriert für %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:888
+#: builtin/fetch.c:894
 #, c-format
 msgid "Fetching %s\n"
 msgstr "Fordere an von %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:890 builtin/remote.c:100
+#: builtin/fetch.c:896 builtin/remote.c:100
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not fetch %s"
 msgstr "Konnte nicht von %s anfordern"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:907
+#: builtin/fetch.c:915
 msgid ""
 "No remote repository specified.  Please, specify either a URL or a\n"
 "remote name from which new revisions should be fetched."
 msgstr ""
-"Kein externes Projektarchiv angegeben. Bitte gebe entweder eine URL\n"
+"Kein externes Projektarchiv angegeben. Bitte geben Sie entweder eine URL\n"
 "oder den Namen des externen Archivs an, von welchem neue\n"
-"Versionen angefordert werden sollen."
+"Revisionen angefordert werden sollen."
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:927
+#: builtin/fetch.c:935
 msgid "You need to specify a tag name."
-msgstr "Du musst den Namen der Markierung angeben."
+msgstr "Sie müssen den Namen der Markierung angeben."
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:979
+#: builtin/fetch.c:981
+msgid "--depth and --unshallow cannot be used together"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Optionen --depth und --unshallow können nicht gemeinsam verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:983
+msgid "--unshallow on a complete repository does not make sense"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Option --unshallow kann nicht in einem vollständigen Projektarchiv "
+"verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1002
 msgid "fetch --all does not take a repository argument"
 msgstr "fetch --all akzeptiert kein Projektarchiv als Argument"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:981
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1004
 msgid "fetch --all does not make sense with refspecs"
-msgstr "fetch --all macht keinen Sinn mit Referenzspezifikationen"
+msgstr "fetch --all kann nicht mit Referenzspezifikationen verwendet werden."
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:992
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1015
 #, c-format
 msgid "No such remote or remote group: %s"
 msgstr "Kein externes Archiv (einzeln oder Gruppe): %s"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:1000
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1023
 msgid "Fetching a group and specifying refspecs does not make sense"
 msgstr ""
-"Abholen einer Gruppe mit Angabe von Referenzspezifikationen macht keinen "
-"Sinn."
+"Das Abholen einer Gruppe von externen Archiven kann nicht mit der Angabe\n"
+"von Referenzspezifikationen verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:13
+msgid "git fmt-merge-msg [-m <message>] [--log[=<n>]|--no-log] [--file <file>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git fmt-merge-msg [-m <Beschreibung>] [--log[=<n>]|--no-log] [--file <Datei>]"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:663 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:666 builtin/grep.c:701
+#: builtin/merge.c:188 builtin/show-branch.c:655 builtin/show-ref.c:175
+#: builtin/tag.c:446 parse-options.h:133 parse-options.h:239
+msgid "n"
+msgstr "Anzahl"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:664
+msgid "populate log with at most <n> entries from shortlog"
+msgstr "fügt Historie mit höchstens <n> Einträgen von \"shortlog\" hinzu"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:667
+msgid "alias for --log (deprecated)"
+msgstr "Alias für --log (veraltet)"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:670
+msgid "text"
+msgstr "Text"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:671
+msgid "use <text> as start of message"
+msgstr "verwendet <Text> als Beschreibungsanfang"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:672
+msgid "file to read from"
+msgstr "Datei zum Einlesen"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:979
+msgid "git for-each-ref [options] [<pattern>]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [Optionen] [<Muster>]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:994
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for shells"
+msgstr "formatiert Platzhalter als Shell-String"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:996
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for perl"
+msgstr "formatiert Platzhalter als Perl-String"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:998
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for python"
+msgstr "formatiert Platzhalter als Python-String"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1000
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for tcl"
+msgstr "formatiert Platzhalter als TCL-String"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1003
+msgid "show only <n> matched refs"
+msgstr "zeigt nur <n> passende Referenzen"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1004
+msgid "format"
+msgstr "Format"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1004
+msgid "format to use for the output"
+msgstr "für die Ausgabe zu verwendendes Format"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1005
+msgid "key"
+msgstr "Schüssel"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1006
+msgid "field name to sort on"
+msgstr "sortiere nach diesem Feld"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:608
+msgid "git fsck [options] [<object>...]"
+msgstr "git fsck [Optionen] [<Objekt>...]"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:614
+msgid "show unreachable objects"
+msgstr "zeigt unerreichbare Objekte"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:615
+msgid "show dangling objects"
+msgstr "zeigt unreferenzierte Objekte"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:616
+msgid "report tags"
+msgstr "meldet Markierungen"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:617
+msgid "report root nodes"
+msgstr "meldet Hauptwurzeln"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:618
+msgid "make index objects head nodes"
+msgstr "erzeugt Kopfknoten der Bereitstellungsobjekte"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:619
+msgid "make reflogs head nodes (default)"
+msgstr "erzeugt Kopfknoten des Referenzprotokolls (Standard)"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:620
+msgid "also consider packs and alternate objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:621
+msgid "enable more strict checking"
+msgstr "aktiviert genauere Prüfung"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:623
+msgid "write dangling objects in .git/lost-found"
+msgstr "schreibt unreferenzierte Objekte nach .git/lost-found"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:624 builtin/prune.c:134
+msgid "show progress"
+msgstr "zeigt Fortschrittsanzeige"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:22
+msgid "git gc [options]"
+msgstr "git gc [Optionen]"
 
 #: builtin/gc.c:63
 #, c-format
@@ -2798,394 +5045,705 @@
 msgid "insanely long object directory %.*s"
 msgstr "zu langes Objekt-Verzeichnis %.*s"
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:221
-#, c-format
-msgid "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance.\n"
-msgstr ""
-"Die Datenbank des Projektarchivs wird für eine optimale Performance "
-"komprimiert.\n"
+#: builtin/gc.c:179
+msgid "prune unreferenced objects"
+msgstr "entfernt unreferenzierte Objekte"
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:224
+#: builtin/gc.c:181
+msgid "be more thorough (increased runtime)"
+msgstr "mehr Gründlichkeit (erhöht Laufzeit)"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:182
+msgid "enable auto-gc mode"
+msgstr "aktiviert \"auto-gc\" Modus"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:222
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance. You may also\n"
 "run \"git gc\" manually. See \"git help gc\" for more information.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "Die Datenbank des Projektarchivs wird für eine optimale Performance\n"
-"komprimiert. Du kannst auch \"git gc\" manuell ausführen.\n"
+"komprimiert. Sie können auch \"git gc\" manuell ausführen.\n"
 "Siehe \"git help gc\" für weitere Informationen.\n"
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:251
+#: builtin/gc.c:249
 msgid ""
 "There are too many unreachable loose objects; run 'git prune' to remove them."
 msgstr ""
-"Es gibt zu viele unerreichbare lose Objekte; führe 'git prune' aus, um diese "
-"zu entfernen."
+"Es gibt zu viele unerreichbare lose Objekte; führen Sie 'git prune' aus, um "
+"diese zu löschen."
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:216
+#: builtin/grep.c:22
+msgid "git grep [options] [-e] <pattern> [<rev>...] [[--] <path>...]"
+msgstr "git grep [Optionen] [-e] <Muster> [<Revision>...] [[--] <Pfad>...]"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:217
 #, c-format
 msgid "grep: failed to create thread: %s"
 msgstr "grep: Fehler beim Erzeugen eines Thread: %s"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:402
+#: builtin/grep.c:365
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to chdir: %s"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Verzeichniswechsel: %s"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:478 builtin/grep.c:512
+#: builtin/grep.c:443 builtin/grep.c:478
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to read tree (%s)"
 msgstr "konnte Zweig (%s) nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:526
+#: builtin/grep.c:493
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to grep from object of type %s"
 msgstr "kann \"grep\" nicht mit Objekten des Typs %s durchführen"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:584
+#: builtin/grep.c:551
 #, c-format
 msgid "switch `%c' expects a numerical value"
 msgstr "Schalter '%c' erwartet einen numerischen Wert"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:601
+#: builtin/grep.c:568
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open '%s'"
 msgstr "kann '%s' nicht öffnen"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:885
+#: builtin/grep.c:643
+msgid "search in index instead of in the work tree"
+msgstr "sucht in der Bereitstellung anstatt im Arbeitsbaum"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:645
+msgid "find in contents not managed by git"
+msgstr "findet auch in Inhalten, die nicht von Git verwaltet werden"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:647
+msgid "search in both tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr "sucht in beobachteten und unbeobachteten Dateien"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:649
+msgid "search also in ignored files"
+msgstr "sucht auch in ignorierten Dateien"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:652
+msgid "show non-matching lines"
+msgstr "zeigt Zeilen ohne Übereinstimmungen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:654
+msgid "case insensitive matching"
+msgstr "findet Übereinstimmungen unabhängig von Groß- und Kleinschreibung"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:656
+msgid "match patterns only at word boundaries"
+msgstr "sucht nur ganze Wörter"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:658
+msgid "process binary files as text"
+msgstr "verarbeitet binäre Dateien als Text"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:660
+msgid "don't match patterns in binary files"
+msgstr "findet keine Muster in Binärdateien"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:663
+msgid "descend at most <depth> levels"
+msgstr "durchläuft höchstens <Tiefe> Ebenen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:667
+msgid "use extended POSIX regular expressions"
+msgstr "verwendet erweiterte reguläre Ausdrücke aus POSIX"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:670
+msgid "use basic POSIX regular expressions (default)"
+msgstr "verwendet grundlegende reguläre Ausdrücke aus POSIX (Standard)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:673
+msgid "interpret patterns as fixed strings"
+msgstr "interpretiert Muster als feste Zeichenketten"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:676
+msgid "use Perl-compatible regular expressions"
+msgstr "verwendet Perl-kompatible reguläre Ausdrücke"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:679
+msgid "show line numbers"
+msgstr "zeigt Zeilennummern"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:680
+msgid "don't show filenames"
+msgstr "zeigt keine Dateinamen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:681
+msgid "show filenames"
+msgstr "zeigt Dateinamen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:683
+msgid "show filenames relative to top directory"
+msgstr "zeigt Dateinamen relativ zum Projektverzeichnis"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:685
+msgid "show only filenames instead of matching lines"
+msgstr "zeigt nur Dateinamen anstatt übereinstimmende Zeilen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:687
+msgid "synonym for --files-with-matches"
+msgstr "Synonym für --files-with-matches"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:690
+msgid "show only the names of files without match"
+msgstr "zeigt nur die Dateinamen ohne Übereinstimmungen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:692
+msgid "print NUL after filenames"
+msgstr "gibt NUL-Zeichen nach Dateinamen aus"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:694
+msgid "show the number of matches instead of matching lines"
+msgstr "zeigt, anstatt der Zeilen, die Anzahl der übereinstimmenden Zeilen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:695
+msgid "highlight matches"
+msgstr "hebt Übereinstimmungen hervor"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:697
+msgid "print empty line between matches from different files"
+msgstr ""
+"gibt eine Leerzeile zwischen Übereinstimmungen in verschiedenen Dateien aus"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:699
+msgid "show filename only once above matches from same file"
+msgstr ""
+"zeigt den Dateinamen nur einmal oberhalb der Übereinstimmungen aus dieser "
+"Datei an"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:702
+msgid "show <n> context lines before and after matches"
+msgstr "zeigt <n> Zeilen vor und nach den Übereinstimmungen an"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:705
+msgid "show <n> context lines before matches"
+msgstr "zeigt <n> Zeilen vor den Übereinstimmungen an"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:707
+msgid "show <n> context lines after matches"
+msgstr "zeigt <n> Zeilen nach den Übereinstimmungen an"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:708
+msgid "shortcut for -C NUM"
+msgstr "Kurzform für -C NUM"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:711
+msgid "show a line with the function name before matches"
+msgstr "zeigt eine Zeile mit dem Funktionsnamen vor Übereinstimmungen an"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:713
+msgid "show the surrounding function"
+msgstr "zeigt die umgebende Funktion an"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:716
+msgid "read patterns from file"
+msgstr "liest Muster von einer Datei"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:718
+msgid "match <pattern>"
+msgstr "findet <Muster>"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:720
+msgid "combine patterns specified with -e"
+msgstr "kombiniert Muster, die mit -e angegeben wurden"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:732
+msgid "indicate hit with exit status without output"
+msgstr "zeigt Übereinstimmungen nur durch Beendigungsstatus an"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:734
+msgid "show only matches from files that match all patterns"
+msgstr "zeigt nur Übereinstimmungen von Dateien, die allen Mustern entsprechen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:736
+msgid "show parse tree for grep expression"
+msgstr "zeigt geparsten Baum für \"grep\"-Ausdruck"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:740
+msgid "pager"
+msgstr "Anzeigeprogramm"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:740
+msgid "show matching files in the pager"
+msgstr "zeigt Dateien mit Übereinstimmungen im Anzeigeprogramm"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:743
+msgid "allow calling of grep(1) (ignored by this build)"
+msgstr "erlaubt den Aufruf von grep(1) (von dieser Programmversion ignoriert)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:744 builtin/show-ref.c:184
+msgid "show usage"
+msgstr "zeigt Verwendung"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:811
 msgid "no pattern given."
 msgstr "keine Muster angegeben"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:899
-#, c-format
-msgid "bad object %s"
-msgstr "ungültiges Objekt %s"
-
-#: builtin/grep.c:940
+#: builtin/grep.c:866
 msgid "--open-files-in-pager only works on the worktree"
-msgstr "--open-files-in-pager arbeitet nur innerhalb des Arbeitsbaums"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Option --open-files-in-pager kann nur innerhalb des Arbeitsbaums "
+"verwendet werden."
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:963
+#: builtin/grep.c:889
 msgid "--cached or --untracked cannot be used with --no-index."
-msgstr "--cached oder --untracked kann nicht mit --no-index benutzt werden"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Optionen --cached und --untracked können nicht mit --no-index verwendet "
+"werden."
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:968
+#: builtin/grep.c:894
 msgid "--no-index or --untracked cannot be used with revs."
-msgstr "--no-index oder --untracked kann nicht mit Versionen benutzt werden"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Optionen --no-index und --untracked können nicht mit Versionen verwendet "
+"werden."
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:971
+#: builtin/grep.c:897
 msgid "--[no-]exclude-standard cannot be used for tracked contents."
 msgstr ""
-"--[no-]exlude-standard kann nicht mit beobachteten Inhalten benutzt werden"
+"Die Option --[no-]exclude-standard kann nicht mit beobachteten Inhalten "
+"verwendet werden."
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:979
+#: builtin/grep.c:905
 msgid "both --cached and trees are given."
-msgstr "sowohl --cached als auch Zweige gegeben"
+msgstr "Die Option --cached kann nicht mit Zweigen verwendet werden."
 
-#: builtin/help.c:59
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:60
+msgid ""
+"git hash-object [-t <type>] [-w] [--path=<file>|--no-filters] [--stdin] [--] "
+"<file>..."
+msgstr ""
+"git hash-object [-t <Art>] [-w] [--path=<Datei>|--no-filters] [--stdin] [--] "
+"<Datei>..."
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:61
+msgid "git hash-object  --stdin-paths < <list-of-paths>"
+msgstr "git hash-object  --stdin-paths < <Liste-von-Pfaden>"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:72
+msgid "type"
+msgstr "Art"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:72
+msgid "object type"
+msgstr "Art des Objektes"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:73
+msgid "write the object into the object database"
+msgstr "schreibt das Objekt in die Objektdatenbank"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:74
+msgid "read the object from stdin"
+msgstr "liest das Objekt von der Standard-Eingabe"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:76
+msgid "store file as is without filters"
+msgstr "speichert Datei wie sie ist, ohne Filter"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:77
+msgid "process file as it were from this path"
+msgstr "verarbeitet Datei, als ob sie von diesem Pfad wäre"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:43
+msgid "print all available commands"
+msgstr "Anzeige aller vorhandenen Kommandos"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:44
+msgid "print list of useful guides"
+msgstr "zeigt Liste von allgemein verwendeten Anleitungen"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:45
+msgid "show man page"
+msgstr "zeigt Handbuch"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:46
+msgid "show manual in web browser"
+msgstr "zeigt Handbuch in einem Webbrowser"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:48
+msgid "show info page"
+msgstr "zeigt Info-Seite"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:54
+msgid "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man|--web|--info] [command]"
+msgstr "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man|--web|--info] [Kommando]"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:66
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized help format '%s'"
 msgstr "nicht erkanntes Hilfeformat: %s"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:87
+#: builtin/help.c:94
 msgid "Failed to start emacsclient."
 msgstr "Konnte emacsclient nicht starten."
 
-#: builtin/help.c:100
+#: builtin/help.c:107
 msgid "Failed to parse emacsclient version."
 msgstr "Konnte Version des emacsclient nicht parsen."
 
-#: builtin/help.c:108
+#: builtin/help.c:115
 #, c-format
 msgid "emacsclient version '%d' too old (< 22)."
 msgstr "Version des emacsclient '%d' ist zu alt (< 22)."
 
-#: builtin/help.c:126 builtin/help.c:154 builtin/help.c:163 builtin/help.c:171
+#: builtin/help.c:133 builtin/help.c:161 builtin/help.c:170 builtin/help.c:178
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to exec '%s': %s"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Ausführen von '%s': %s"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:211
+#: builtin/help.c:218
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s': path for unsupported man viewer.\n"
 "Please consider using 'man.<tool>.cmd' instead."
 msgstr ""
 "'%s': Pfad für nicht unterstützten Handbuchbetrachter.\n"
-"Du könntest stattdessen 'man.<Werkzeug>.cmd' benutzen."
+"Sie könnten stattdessen 'man.<Werkzeug>.cmd' benutzen."
 
-#: builtin/help.c:223
+#: builtin/help.c:230
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s': cmd for supported man viewer.\n"
 "Please consider using 'man.<tool>.path' instead."
 msgstr ""
 "'%s': Kommando für unterstützten Handbuchbetrachter.\n"
-"Du könntest stattdessen 'man.<Werkzeug>.path' benutzen."
+"Sie könnten stattdessen 'man.<Werkzeug>.path' benutzen."
 
-#: builtin/help.c:287
-msgid "The most commonly used git commands are:"
-msgstr "Die allgemein verwendeten Git-Kommandos sind:"
-
-#: builtin/help.c:355
+#: builtin/help.c:351
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': unknown man viewer."
 msgstr "'%s': unbekannter Handbuch-Betrachter."
 
-#: builtin/help.c:372
+#: builtin/help.c:368
 msgid "no man viewer handled the request"
 msgstr "kein Handbuch-Betrachter konnte mit dieser Anfrage umgehen"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:380
+#: builtin/help.c:376
 msgid "no info viewer handled the request"
 msgstr "kein Informations-Betrachter konnte mit dieser Anfrage umgehen"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:391
-#, c-format
-msgid "'%s': not a documentation directory."
-msgstr "'%s' ist kein Dokumentationsverzeichnis"
+#: builtin/help.c:422
+msgid "Defining attributes per path"
+msgstr "Definition von Attributen pro Pfad"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:432 builtin/help.c:439
+#: builtin/help.c:423
+msgid "A Git glossary"
+msgstr "Ein Git-Glossar"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:424
+msgid "Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore"
+msgstr "Spezifikation von bewusst ignorierten, unbeobachteten Dateien"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:425
+msgid "Defining submodule properties"
+msgstr "Definition von Unterprojekt-Eigenschaften"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:426
+msgid "Specifying revisions and ranges for Git"
+msgstr "Spezifikation von Revisionen und Bereichen für Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:427
+msgid "A tutorial introduction to Git (for version 1.5.1 or newer)"
+msgstr "Eine einführende Anleitung zu Git (für Version 1.5.1 oder neuer)"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:428
+msgid "An overview of recommended workflows with Git"
+msgstr "Eine Übersicht über empfohlene Arbeitsabläufe mit Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:440
+msgid "The common Git guides are:\n"
+msgstr "Die allgemein verwendeten Git-Anleitungen sind:\n"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:462 builtin/help.c:478
 #, c-format
 msgid "usage: %s%s"
 msgstr "Verwendung: %s%s"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:453
+#: builtin/help.c:494
 #, c-format
 msgid "`git %s' is aliased to `%s'"
 msgstr "für `git %s' wurde der Alias `%s' angelegt"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:169
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:182
 #, c-format
 msgid "object type mismatch at %s"
 msgstr "Objekt-Typen passen bei %s nicht zusammen"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:189
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:202
 msgid "object of unexpected type"
 msgstr "Objekt hat unerwarteten Typ"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:226
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:239
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot fill %d byte"
 msgid_plural "cannot fill %d bytes"
 msgstr[0] "kann %d Byte nicht lesen"
 msgstr[1] "kann %d Bytes nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:236
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:249
 msgid "early EOF"
 msgstr "zu frühes Dateiende"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:237
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:250
 msgid "read error on input"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Lesen der Eingabe"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:249
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:262
 msgid "used more bytes than were available"
 msgstr "verwendete mehr Bytes als verfügbar waren"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:256
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:269
 msgid "pack too large for current definition of off_t"
 msgstr "Paket ist zu groß für die aktuelle Definition von off_t"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:272
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:285
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to create '%s'"
 msgstr "konnte '%s' nicht erstellen"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:277
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:290
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open packfile '%s'"
 msgstr "Kann Paketdatei '%s' nicht öffnen"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:291
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:304
 msgid "pack signature mismatch"
 msgstr "Paketsignatur stimmt nicht überein"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:311
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:306
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack version %<PRIu32> unsupported"
+msgstr "Paketversion %<PRIu32> nicht unterstützt"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:324
 #, c-format
 msgid "pack has bad object at offset %lu: %s"
 msgstr "Paket hat ein ungültiges Objekt bei Versatz %lu: %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:405
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:446
 #, c-format
 msgid "inflate returned %d"
 msgstr "Dekomprimierung gab %d zurück"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:450
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:495
 msgid "offset value overflow for delta base object"
 msgstr "Wert für Versatz bei Differenzobjekt übergelaufen"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:458
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:503
 msgid "delta base offset is out of bound"
 msgstr ""
 "Wert für Versatz bei Differenzobjekt liegt außerhalb des gültigen Bereichs"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:466
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:511
 #, c-format
 msgid "unknown object type %d"
 msgstr "Unbekannter Objekt-Typ %d"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:495
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:542
 msgid "cannot pread pack file"
 msgstr "Kann Paketdatei %s nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:497
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:544
 #, c-format
 msgid "premature end of pack file, %lu byte missing"
 msgid_plural "premature end of pack file, %lu bytes missing"
 msgstr[0] "frühzeitiges Ende der Paketdatei, vermisse %lu Byte"
 msgstr[1] "frühzeitiges Ende der Paketdatei, vermisse %lu Bytes"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:510
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:570
 msgid "serious inflate inconsistency"
 msgstr "ernsthafte Inkonsistenz nach Dekomprimierung"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:583
-#, c-format
-msgid "cannot read existing object %s"
-msgstr "Kann existierendes Objekt %s nicht lesen."
-
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:586
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:661 builtin/index-pack.c:667 builtin/index-pack.c:690
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:724 builtin/index-pack.c:733
 #, c-format
 msgid "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"
 msgstr "SHA1 KOLLISION MIT %s GEFUNDEN !"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:598
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:664 builtin/pack-objects.c:170
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:262
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read %s"
+msgstr "kann %s nicht lesen"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:730
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read existing object %s"
+msgstr "Kann existierendes Objekt %s nicht lesen."
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:744
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid blob object %s"
 msgstr "ungültiges Blob-Objekt %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:610
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:759
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid %s"
 msgstr "Ungültiger Objekt-Typ %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:612
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:761
 msgid "Error in object"
 msgstr "Fehler in Objekt"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:614
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:763
 #, c-format
 msgid "Not all child objects of %s are reachable"
 msgstr "Nicht alle Kind-Objekte von %s sind erreichbar"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:687 builtin/index-pack.c:713
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:833 builtin/index-pack.c:863
 msgid "failed to apply delta"
 msgstr "Konnte Dateiunterschied nicht anwenden"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:850
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1004
 msgid "Receiving objects"
 msgstr "Empfange Objekte"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:850
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1004
 msgid "Indexing objects"
 msgstr "Indiziere Objekte"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:872
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1030
 msgid "pack is corrupted (SHA1 mismatch)"
 msgstr "Paket ist beschädigt (SHA1 unterschiedlich)"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:877
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1035
 msgid "cannot fstat packfile"
 msgstr "kann Paketdatei nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:880
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1038
 msgid "pack has junk at the end"
 msgstr "Paketende enthält nicht verwendbaren Inhalt"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:903
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1049
+msgid "confusion beyond insanity in parse_pack_objects()"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Ausführen von \"parse_pack_objects()\""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1072
 msgid "Resolving deltas"
 msgstr "Löse Unterschiede auf"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:954
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1082
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create thread: %s"
+msgstr "kann Thread nicht erzeugen: %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1124
 msgid "confusion beyond insanity"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Auflösen der Unterschiede"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:973
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1132
+#, c-format
+msgid "completed with %d local objects"
+msgstr "vervollständigt mit %d lokalen Objekten"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1142
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unexpected tail checksum for %s (disk corruption?)"
+msgstr "Unerwartete Prüfsumme für %s (Festplattenfehler?)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1146
 #, c-format
 msgid "pack has %d unresolved delta"
 msgid_plural "pack has %d unresolved deltas"
 msgstr[0] "Paket hat %d unaufgelöste Unterschied"
 msgstr[1] "Paket hat %d unaufgelöste Unterschiede"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:998
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1171
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to deflate appended object (%d)"
 msgstr "Konnte angehängtes Objekt (%d) nicht komprimieren"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1077
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1250
 #, c-format
 msgid "local object %s is corrupt"
 msgstr "lokales Objekt %s ist beschädigt"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1101
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1274
 msgid "error while closing pack file"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Schließen der Paketdatei"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1114
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1287
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot write keep file '%s'"
 msgstr "Kann Paketbeschreibungsdatei '%s' nicht schreiben"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1122
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1295
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot close written keep file '%s'"
 msgstr "Kann eben erstellte Paketbeschreibungsdatei '%s' nicht schließen"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1135
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1308
 msgid "cannot store pack file"
 msgstr "Kann Paketdatei nicht speichern"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1146
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1319
 msgid "cannot store index file"
 msgstr "Kann Indexdatei nicht speichern"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1247
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1352
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
+msgstr "\"pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>\" ist ungültig"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1358
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid number of threads specified (%d)"
+msgstr "ungültige Anzahl von Threads angegeben (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1362 builtin/index-pack.c:1535
+#, c-format
+msgid "no threads support, ignoring %s"
+msgstr "keine Unterstützung von Threads, '%s' wird ignoriert"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1420
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot open existing pack file '%s'"
 msgstr "Kann existierende Paketdatei '%s' nicht öffnen"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1249
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1422
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot open existing pack idx file for '%s'"
 msgstr "Kann existierende Indexdatei für Paket '%s' nicht öffnen"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1296
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1469
 #, c-format
 msgid "non delta: %d object"
 msgid_plural "non delta: %d objects"
 msgstr[0] "kein Unterschied: %d Objekt"
 msgstr[1] "kein Unterschied: %d Objekte"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1303
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1476
 #, c-format
 msgid "chain length = %d: %lu object"
 msgid_plural "chain length = %d: %lu objects"
 msgstr[0] "Länge der Objekt-Liste = %d: %lu Objekt"
 msgstr[1] "Länge der Objekt-Liste = %d: %lu Objekte"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1330
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1503
 msgid "Cannot come back to cwd"
 msgstr "Kann nicht zurück zu Arbeitsverzeichnis wechseln"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1374 builtin/index-pack.c:1377
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1389 builtin/index-pack.c:1393
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1547 builtin/index-pack.c:1550
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1562 builtin/index-pack.c:1566
 #, c-format
 msgid "bad %s"
 msgstr "%s ist ungültig"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1407
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1580
 msgid "--fix-thin cannot be used without --stdin"
-msgstr "--fix-thin kann nicht ohne --stdin benutzt werden"
+msgstr "Die Option --fix-thin kann nicht ohne --stdin verwendet werden."
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1411 builtin/index-pack.c:1421
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1584 builtin/index-pack.c:1594
 #, c-format
 msgid "packfile name '%s' does not end with '.pack'"
 msgstr "Name der Paketdatei '%s' endet nicht mit '.pack'"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1430
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1603
 msgid "--verify with no packfile name given"
-msgstr "--verify ohne Name der Paketdatei angegeben"
+msgstr "Die Option --verify wurde ohne Namen der Paketdatei angegeben."
 
 #: builtin/init-db.c:35
 #, c-format
@@ -3257,63 +5815,84 @@
 msgid "insane git directory %s"
 msgstr "ungültiges Git-Verzeichnis %s"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:322 builtin/init-db.c:325
+#: builtin/init-db.c:323 builtin/init-db.c:326
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s already exists"
 msgstr "%s existiert bereits"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:354
+#: builtin/init-db.c:355
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to handle file type %d"
 msgstr "kann nicht mit Dateityp %d umgehen"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:357
+#: builtin/init-db.c:358
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to move %s to %s"
 msgstr "Konnte %s nicht nach %s verschieben"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:362
+#: builtin/init-db.c:363
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not create git link %s"
-msgstr "Konnte git-Verknüfung %s nicht erstellen"
+msgstr "Konnte git-Verknüpfung %s nicht erstellen"
 
 #.
 #. * TRANSLATORS: The first '%s' is either "Reinitialized
 #. * existing" or "Initialized empty", the second " shared" or
 #. * "", and the last '%s%s' is the verbatim directory name.
 #.
-#: builtin/init-db.c:419
+#: builtin/init-db.c:420
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s%s Git repository in %s%s\n"
 msgstr "%s%s Git-Projektarchiv in %s%s\n"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:420
+#: builtin/init-db.c:421
 msgid "Reinitialized existing"
 msgstr "Reinitialisierte existierendes"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:420
+#: builtin/init-db.c:421
 msgid "Initialized empty"
 msgstr "Initialisierte leeres"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:421
+#: builtin/init-db.c:422
 msgid " shared"
 msgstr " gemeinsames"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:440
+#: builtin/init-db.c:441
 msgid "cannot tell cwd"
 msgstr "kann aktuelles Arbeitsverzeichnis nicht ermitteln"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:521 builtin/init-db.c:528
+#: builtin/init-db.c:467
+msgid ""
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<template-directory>] [--shared"
+"[=<permissions>]] [directory]"
+msgstr ""
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<Vorlagenverzeichnis>] [--shared"
+"[=<Berechtigungen>]] [Verzeichnis]"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:490
+msgid "permissions"
+msgstr "Berechtigungen"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:491
+msgid "specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users"
+msgstr ""
+"gibt an, dass das Git-Projektarchiv mit mehreren Benutzern geteilt wird"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:493 builtin/prune-packed.c:77
+msgid "be quiet"
+msgstr "weniger Ausgaben"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:522 builtin/init-db.c:529
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot mkdir %s"
 msgstr "kann Verzeichnis %s nicht erstellen"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:532
+#: builtin/init-db.c:533
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot chdir to %s"
 msgstr "kann nicht in Verzeichnis %s wechseln"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:554
+#: builtin/init-db.c:555
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "%s (or --work-tree=<directory>) not allowed without specifying %s (or --git-"
@@ -3322,115 +5901,410 @@
 "%s (oder --work-tree=<Verzeichnis>) nicht erlaubt ohne Spezifizierung von %s "
 "(oder --git-dir=<Verzeichnis>)"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:578
+#: builtin/init-db.c:579
 msgid "Cannot access current working directory"
 msgstr "Kann nicht auf aktuelles Arbeitsverzeichnis zugreifen."
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:585
+#: builtin/init-db.c:586
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot access work tree '%s'"
 msgstr "Kann nicht auf Arbeitsbaum '%s' zugreifen."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:188
+#: builtin/log.c:40
+msgid "git log [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] <path>...]\n"
+msgstr "git log [<Optionen>] [Revisionsbereich>] [[--] <Pfad>...]\n"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:41
+msgid "   or: git show [options] <object>..."
+msgstr "   oder: git show [Optionen] <Objekt>..."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:103
+msgid "suppress diff output"
+msgstr "unterdrückt Ausgabe der Unterschiede"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:104
+msgid "show source"
+msgstr "zeigt Quelle"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:105
+msgid "Use mail map file"
+msgstr "verwendet \"mailmap\"-Datei"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:106
+msgid "decorate options"
+msgstr "decorate-Optionen"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:199
 #, c-format
 msgid "Final output: %d %s\n"
 msgstr "letzte Ausgabe: %d %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:401 builtin/log.c:489
+#: builtin/log.c:422 builtin/log.c:514
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not read object %s"
 msgstr "Kann Objekt %s nicht lesen."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:513
+#: builtin/log.c:538
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown type: %d"
 msgstr "Unbekannter Typ: %d"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:602
+#: builtin/log.c:638
 msgid "format.headers without value"
 msgstr "format.headers ohne Wert"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:676
+#: builtin/log.c:720
 msgid "name of output directory is too long"
 msgstr "Name des Ausgabeverzeichnisses ist zu lang."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:687
+#: builtin/log.c:736
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot open patch file %s"
 msgstr "Kann Patch-Datei %s nicht öffnen"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:701
+#: builtin/log.c:750
 msgid "Need exactly one range."
 msgstr "Brauche genau einen Versionsbereich."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:709
+#: builtin/log.c:758
 msgid "Not a range."
 msgstr "Kein Versionsbereich."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:786
+#: builtin/log.c:860
 msgid "Cover letter needs email format"
 msgstr "Anschreiben benötigt E-Mail-Format"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:859
+#: builtin/log.c:936
 #, c-format
 msgid "insane in-reply-to: %s"
 msgstr "ungültiges in-reply-to: %s"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:932
+#: builtin/log.c:964
+msgid "git format-patch [options] [<since> | <revision range>]"
+msgstr "git format-patch [Optionen] [<seit> | <Revisionsbereich>]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1009
 msgid "Two output directories?"
 msgstr "Zwei Ausgabeverzeichnisse?"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1153
-#, c-format
-msgid "bogus committer info %s"
-msgstr "unechte Einreicher-Informationen %s"
+#: builtin/log.c:1108
+msgid "use [PATCH n/m] even with a single patch"
+msgstr "verwendet [PATCH n/m] auch mit einzelnem Patch"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1198
+#: builtin/log.c:1111
+msgid "use [PATCH] even with multiple patches"
+msgstr "verwendet [PATCH] auch mit mehreren Patches"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1115
+msgid "print patches to standard out"
+msgstr "Ausgabe der Patches in Standard-Ausgabe"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1117
+msgid "generate a cover letter"
+msgstr "erzeugt ein Deckblatt"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1119
+msgid "use simple number sequence for output file names"
+msgstr "verwendet einfache Nummernfolge für die Namen der Ausgabedateien"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1120
+msgid "sfx"
+msgstr "Dateiendung"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1121
+msgid "use <sfx> instead of '.patch'"
+msgstr "verwendet <Dateiendung> anstatt '.patch'"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1123
+msgid "start numbering patches at <n> instead of 1"
+msgstr "beginnt die Nummerierung der Patches bei <n> anstatt bei 1"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1125
+msgid "mark the series as Nth re-roll"
+msgstr "kennzeichnet die Serie als n-te Fassung"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1127
+msgid "Use [<prefix>] instead of [PATCH]"
+msgstr "verwendet [<Prefix>] anstatt [PATCH]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1130
+msgid "store resulting files in <dir>"
+msgstr "speichert erzeugte Dateien in <Verzeichnis>"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1133
+msgid "don't strip/add [PATCH]"
+msgstr "[PATCH] wird nicht entfernt/hinzugefügt"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1136
+msgid "don't output binary diffs"
+msgstr "gibt keine binären Unterschiede aus"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1138
+msgid "don't include a patch matching a commit upstream"
+msgstr ""
+"schließt keine Patches ein, die einer Version im Übernahmezweig entsprechen"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1140
+msgid "show patch format instead of default (patch + stat)"
+msgstr "zeigt Patchformat anstatt des Standards (Patch + Zusammenfassung)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1142
+msgid "Messaging"
+msgstr "Email-Einstellungen"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1143
+msgid "header"
+msgstr "Header"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1144
+msgid "add email header"
+msgstr "fügt Email-Header hinzu"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1145 builtin/log.c:1147
+msgid "email"
+msgstr "Email"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1145
+msgid "add To: header"
+msgstr "fügt  \"To:\"-Header hinzu"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1147
+msgid "add Cc: header"
+msgstr "fügt \"Cc:\"-Header hinzu"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1149
+msgid "message-id"
+msgstr "message-id"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1150
+msgid "make first mail a reply to <message-id>"
+msgstr "macht aus erster Email eine Antwort zu <message-id>"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1151 builtin/log.c:1154
+msgid "boundary"
+msgstr "Grenze"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1152
+msgid "attach the patch"
+msgstr "hängt einen Patch an"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1155
+msgid "inline the patch"
+msgstr "fügt den Patch direkt in die Nachricht ein"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1159
+msgid "enable message threading, styles: shallow, deep"
+msgstr "aktiviert Nachrichtenverkettung, Stile: shallow, deep"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1161
+msgid "signature"
+msgstr "Signatur"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1162
+msgid "add a signature"
+msgstr "fügt eine Signatur hinzu"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1164
+msgid "don't print the patch filenames"
+msgstr "zeigt keine Dateinamen der Patches"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1248
 msgid "-n and -k are mutually exclusive."
-msgstr "-n und -k schliessen sich gegenseitig aus"
+msgstr "Die Optionen -n und -k schließen sich gegenseitig aus."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1200
+#: builtin/log.c:1250
 msgid "--subject-prefix and -k are mutually exclusive."
-msgstr "--subject-prefix und -k schliessen sich gegenseitig aus"
+msgstr "Die Optionen --subject-prefix und -k schließen sich gegenseitig aus."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1208
+#: builtin/log.c:1258
 msgid "--name-only does not make sense"
-msgstr "--name-only macht keinen Sinn"
+msgstr "Die Option --name-only kann nicht verwendet werden."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1210
+#: builtin/log.c:1260
 msgid "--name-status does not make sense"
-msgstr "--name-status macht keinen Sinn"
+msgstr "Die Option --name-status kann nicht verwendet werden."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1212
+#: builtin/log.c:1262
 msgid "--check does not make sense"
-msgstr "--check macht keinen Sinn"
+msgstr "Die Option --check kann nicht verwendet werden."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1235
+#: builtin/log.c:1285
 msgid "standard output, or directory, which one?"
 msgstr "Standard-Ausgabe oder Verzeichnis, welches von beidem?"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1237
+#: builtin/log.c:1287
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not create directory '%s'"
 msgstr "Konnte Verzeichnis '%s' nicht erstellen."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1390
+#: builtin/log.c:1435
 msgid "Failed to create output files"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Erstellen der Ausgabedateien."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1494
+#: builtin/log.c:1484
+msgid "git cherry [-v] [<upstream> [<head> [<limit>]]]"
+msgstr "git cherry [-v] [<Übernahmezweig> [<Arbeitszweig> [<Limit>]]]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1539
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Could not find a tracked remote branch, please specify <upstream> manually.\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Konnte gefolgten, externen Zweig nicht finden, bitte gebe <upstream> manuell "
-"an.\n"
+"Konnte gefolgten, externen Zweig nicht finden, bitte geben Sie <upstream> "
+"manuell an.\n"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1510 builtin/log.c:1512 builtin/log.c:1524
+#: builtin/log.c:1552 builtin/log.c:1554 builtin/log.c:1566
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown commit %s"
 msgstr "Unbekannte Version %s"
 
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:402
+msgid "git ls-files [options] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git ls-files [Optionen] [<Datei>...]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:459
+msgid "identify the file status with tags"
+msgstr "zeigt den Dateistatus mit Markierungen"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:461
+msgid "use lowercase letters for 'assume unchanged' files"
+msgstr ""
+"verwendet Kleinbuchstaben für Dateien mit 'assume unchanged' Markierung"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:463
+msgid "show cached files in the output (default)"
+msgstr "zeigt zwischengespeicherten Dateien in der Ausgabe an (Standard)"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:465
+msgid "show deleted files in the output"
+msgstr "zeigt entfernte Dateien in der Ausgabe an"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:467
+msgid "show modified files in the output"
+msgstr "zeigt geänderte Dateien in der Ausgabe an"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:469
+msgid "show other files in the output"
+msgstr "zeigt sonstige Dateien in der Ausgabe an"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:471
+msgid "show ignored files in the output"
+msgstr "zeigt ignorierte Dateien in der Ausgabe an"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:474
+msgid "show staged contents' object name in the output"
+msgstr "zeigt Objektnamen von Inhalten in der Bereitstellung in der Ausgabe an"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:476
+msgid "show files on the filesystem that need to be removed"
+msgstr "zeigt Dateien im Dateisystem, die gelöscht werden müssen, an"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:478
+msgid "show 'other' directories' name only"
+msgstr "zeigt nur Namen von 'sonstigen' Verzeichnissen an"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:481
+msgid "don't show empty directories"
+msgstr "zeigt keine leeren Verzeichnisse an"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:484
+msgid "show unmerged files in the output"
+msgstr "zeigt nicht zusammengeführte Dateien in der Ausgabe an"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:486
+msgid "show resolve-undo information"
+msgstr "zeigt 'resolve-undo' Informationen an"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:488
+msgid "skip files matching pattern"
+msgstr "lässt Dateien aus, die einem Muster entsprechen"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:491
+msgid "exclude patterns are read from <file>"
+msgstr "schließt Muster, gelesen von <Datei>, aus"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:494
+msgid "read additional per-directory exclude patterns in <file>"
+msgstr "liest zusätzliche pro-Verzeichnis Auschlussmuster aus <Datei>"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:496
+msgid "add the standard git exclusions"
+msgstr "fügt die standardmäßigen Git-Ausschlüsse hinzu"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:499
+msgid "make the output relative to the project top directory"
+msgstr "Ausgabe relativ zum Projektverzeichnis"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:502
+msgid "if any <file> is not in the index, treat this as an error"
+msgstr ""
+"behandle es als Fehler, wenn sich eine <Datei> nicht in der Bereitstellung "
+"befindet"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:503
+msgid "tree-ish"
+msgstr "Versionsreferenz"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:504
+msgid "pretend that paths removed since <tree-ish> are still present"
+msgstr ""
+"gibt vor, dass Pfade, die seit <Versionsreferenz> gelöscht wurden, immer "
+"noch vorhanden sind"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:506
+msgid "show debugging data"
+msgstr "zeigt Ausgaben zur Fehlersuche an"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:27
+msgid "git ls-tree [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git ls-tree [<Optionen>] <Versionsreferenz> [<Pfad>...]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:125
+msgid "only show trees"
+msgstr "zeigt nur Bäume an"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:127
+msgid "recurse into subtrees"
+msgstr "führt Rekursion in Teilbäumen durch"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:129
+msgid "show trees when recursing"
+msgstr "zeigt Bäume bei Rekursion an"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:132
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL byte"
+msgstr "schließt Einträge mit NUL-Byte ab"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:133
+msgid "include object size"
+msgstr "schließt Objektgröße ein"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:135 builtin/ls-tree.c:137
+msgid "list only filenames"
+msgstr "listet nur Dateinamen auf"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:140
+msgid "use full path names"
+msgstr "verwendet vollständige Pfadnamen"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:142
+msgid "list entire tree; not just current directory (implies --full-name)"
+msgstr ""
+"listet den gesamten Baum auf; nicht nur das aktuelle Verzeichnis (impliziert "
+"--full-name)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:43
+msgid "git merge [options] [<commit>...]"
+msgstr "git merge [Optionen] [<Version>...]"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:44
+msgid "git merge [options] <msg> HEAD <commit>"
+msgstr "git merge [Optionen] <Beschreibung> HEAD <Version>"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:45
+msgid "git merge --abort"
+msgstr "git merge --abort"
+
 #: builtin/merge.c:90
 msgid "switch `m' requires a value"
 msgstr "Schalter 'm' erfordert einen Wert."
@@ -3450,261 +6324,451 @@
 msgid "Available custom strategies are:"
 msgstr "Verfügbare benutzerdefinierte Strategien sind:"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:240
+#: builtin/merge.c:183
+msgid "do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr ""
+"zeigt keine Zusammenfassung der Unterschiede am Schluss der Zusammenführung "
+"an"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:186
+msgid "show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr ""
+"zeigt eine Zusammenfassung der Unterschiede am Schluss der Zusammenführung an"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:187
+msgid "(synonym to --stat)"
+msgstr "(Synonym für --stat)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:189
+msgid "add (at most <n>) entries from shortlog to merge commit message"
+msgstr ""
+"fügt (höchstens <n>) Einträge von \"shortlog\" zur Beschreibung der "
+"Zusammenführung hinzu"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:192
+msgid "create a single commit instead of doing a merge"
+msgstr "erzeugt eine einzelne Version anstatt einer Zusammenführung"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:194
+msgid "perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)"
+msgstr ""
+"führt eine Eintragung durch, wenn die Zusammenführung erfolgreich war "
+"(Standard)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:196
+msgid "edit message before committing"
+msgstr "Bearbeitung der Versionsbeschreibung vor der Eintragung"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:198
+msgid "allow fast-forward (default)"
+msgstr "erlaubt Vorspulen (Standard)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:200
+msgid "abort if fast-forward is not possible"
+msgstr "bricht ab, wenn kein Vorspulen möglich ist"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:203
+msgid "Verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature"
+msgstr "überprüft die genannte Version auf eine gültige GPG-Signatur"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:204 builtin/notes.c:866 builtin/revert.c:112
+msgid "strategy"
+msgstr "Strategie"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:205
+msgid "merge strategy to use"
+msgstr "zu verwendende Zusammenführungsstrategie"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:206
+msgid "option=value"
+msgstr "Option=Wert"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:207
+msgid "option for selected merge strategy"
+msgstr "Option für ausgewählte Zusammenführungsstrategie"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:209
+msgid "merge commit message (for a non-fast-forward merge)"
+msgstr ""
+"führt Versionsbeschreibung zusammen (für eine Zusammenführung, die kein "
+"Vorspulen war)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:213
+msgid "abort the current in-progress merge"
+msgstr "bricht die sich im Gange befindliche Zusammenführung ab"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:242
 msgid "could not run stash."
 msgstr "Konnte \"stash\" nicht ausführen."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:245
+#: builtin/merge.c:247
 msgid "stash failed"
 msgstr "\"stash\" fehlgeschlagen"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:250
+#: builtin/merge.c:252
 #, c-format
 msgid "not a valid object: %s"
 msgstr "kein gültiges Objekt: %s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:269 builtin/merge.c:286
+#: builtin/merge.c:271 builtin/merge.c:288
 msgid "read-tree failed"
 msgstr "read-tree fehlgeschlagen"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:316
+#: builtin/merge.c:318
 msgid " (nothing to squash)"
 msgstr " (nichts zu quetschen)"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:329
+#: builtin/merge.c:331
 #, c-format
 msgid "Squash commit -- not updating HEAD\n"
 msgstr "Quetsche Version -- Zweigspitze (HEAD) wird nicht aktualisiert\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:361
+#: builtin/merge.c:363
 msgid "Writing SQUASH_MSG"
 msgstr "Schreibe SQUASH_MSG"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:363
+#: builtin/merge.c:365
 msgid "Finishing SQUASH_MSG"
 msgstr "Schließe SQUASH_MSG ab"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:386
+#: builtin/merge.c:388
 #, c-format
 msgid "No merge message -- not updating HEAD\n"
 msgstr ""
 "Keine Zusammenführungsbeschreibung -- Zweigspitze (HEAD) wird nicht "
 "aktualisiert\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:437
+#: builtin/merge.c:438
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' does not point to a commit"
 msgstr "'%s' zeigt auf keine Version"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:536
+#: builtin/merge.c:550
 #, c-format
 msgid "Bad branch.%s.mergeoptions string: %s"
 msgstr "Ungültiger branch.%s.mergeoptions String: %s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:629
+#: builtin/merge.c:643
 msgid "git write-tree failed to write a tree"
 msgstr "\"git write-tree\" schlug beim Schreiben eines Baumes fehl"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:679
-msgid "failed to read the cache"
-msgstr "Lesen des Zwischenspeichers fehlgeschlagen"
-
-#: builtin/merge.c:697
-msgid "Unable to write index."
-msgstr "Konnte Bereitstellung nicht schreiben."
-
-#: builtin/merge.c:710
+#: builtin/merge.c:671
 msgid "Not handling anything other than two heads merge."
 msgstr "Es wird nur die Zusammenführung von zwei Zweigen behandelt."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:724
+#: builtin/merge.c:685
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown option for merge-recursive: -X%s"
 msgstr "Unbekannte Option für merge-recursive: -X%s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:738
+#: builtin/merge.c:699
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to write %s"
 msgstr "konnte %s nicht schreiben"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:877
+#: builtin/merge.c:788
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not read from '%s'"
 msgstr "konnte nicht von '%s' lesen"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:886
+#: builtin/merge.c:797
 #, c-format
 msgid "Not committing merge; use 'git commit' to complete the merge.\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Zusammenführung wurde nicht eingetragen; benutze 'git commit' um die "
+"Zusammenführung wurde nicht eingetragen; benutzen Sie 'git commit' um die "
 "Zusammenführung abzuschließen.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:892
+#: builtin/merge.c:803
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Please enter a commit message to explain why this merge is necessary,\n"
 "especially if it merges an updated upstream into a topic branch.\n"
 "\n"
-"Lines starting with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
 "the commit.\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Bitte gebe eine Versionsbeschreibung ein um zu erklären, warum diese "
+"Bitte geben Sie eine Versionsbeschreibung ein um zu erklären, warum diese "
 "Zusammenführung erforderlich ist,\n"
 "insbesondere wenn es einen aktualisierten, externen Zweig mit einem Thema-"
 "Zweig zusammenführt.\n"
 "\n"
-"Zeilen beginnend mit '#' werden ignoriert, und eine leere Beschreibung "
+"Zeilen beginnend mit '%c' werden ignoriert, und eine leere Beschreibung "
 "bricht die Eintragung ab.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:916
+#: builtin/merge.c:827
 msgid "Empty commit message."
 msgstr "Leere Versionsbeschreibung"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:928
+#: builtin/merge.c:839
 #, c-format
 msgid "Wonderful.\n"
 msgstr "Wunderbar.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:993
+#: builtin/merge.c:904
 #, c-format
 msgid "Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Automatische Zusammenführung fehlgeschlagen; behebe die Konflikte und trage "
-"dann das Ergebnis ein.\n"
+"Automatische Zusammenführung fehlgeschlagen; beheben Sie die Konflikte und "
+"tragen Sie dann das Ergebnis ein.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1009
+#: builtin/merge.c:920
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' is not a commit"
 msgstr "'%s' ist keine Version"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1050
+#: builtin/merge.c:961
 msgid "No current branch."
-msgstr "Du befindest dich auf keinem Zweig."
+msgstr "Sie befinden sich auf keinem Zweig."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1052
+#: builtin/merge.c:963
 msgid "No remote for the current branch."
 msgstr "Kein externes Archiv für den aktuellen Zweig."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1054
+#: builtin/merge.c:965
 msgid "No default upstream defined for the current branch."
 msgstr ""
 "Es ist kein externes Standard-Projektarchiv für den aktuellen Zweig "
 "definiert."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1059
+#: builtin/merge.c:970
 #, c-format
 msgid "No remote tracking branch for %s from %s"
 msgstr "Kein externer Übernahmezweig für %s von %s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1146 builtin/merge.c:1303
+#: builtin/merge.c:1057 builtin/merge.c:1214
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s - not something we can merge"
 msgstr "%s - nichts was wir zusammenführen können"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1214
+#: builtin/merge.c:1125
 msgid "There is no merge to abort (MERGE_HEAD missing)."
 msgstr "Es gibt keine Zusammenführung zum Abbrechen (vermisse MERGE_HEAD)"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1230 git-pull.sh:31
+#: builtin/merge.c:1141 git-pull.sh:31
 msgid ""
 "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
 "Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
 msgstr ""
-"Du hast deine Zusammenführung nicht abgeschlossen (MERGE_HEAD existiert).\n"
-"Bitte trage deine Änderungen ein, bevor du zusammenführen kannst."
+"Sie haben Ihre Zusammenführung nicht abgeschlossen (MERGE_HEAD existiert).\n"
+"Bitte tragen Sie Ihre Änderungen ein, bevor Sie zusammenführen können."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1233 git-pull.sh:34
+#: builtin/merge.c:1144 git-pull.sh:34
 msgid "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists)."
 msgstr ""
-"Du hast deine Zusammenführung nicht abgeschlossen (MERGE_HEAD existiert)."
+"Sie haben Ihre Zusammenführung nicht abgeschlossen (MERGE_HEAD existiert)."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1237
+#: builtin/merge.c:1148
 msgid ""
 "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists).\n"
 "Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
 msgstr ""
-"Du hast \"cherry-pick\" nicht abgeschlossen (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD existiert).\n"
-"Bitte trage deine Änderungen ein, bevor du zusammenführen kannst."
+"Sie haben \"cherry-pick\" nicht abgeschlossen (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD existiert).\n"
+"Bitte tragen Sie Ihre Änderungen ein, bevor Sie zusammenführen können."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1240
+#: builtin/merge.c:1151
 msgid "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists)."
 msgstr ""
-"Du hast \"cherry-pick\" nicht abgeschlossen (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD existiert)."
+"Sie haben \"cherry-pick\" nicht abgeschlossen (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD existiert)."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1249
+#: builtin/merge.c:1160
 msgid "You cannot combine --squash with --no-ff."
-msgstr "Du kannst --squash nicht mit --no-ff kombinieren."
+msgstr "Sie können --squash nicht mit --no-ff kombinieren."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1254
+#: builtin/merge.c:1165
 msgid "You cannot combine --no-ff with --ff-only."
-msgstr "Du kannst --no-ff nicht mit --ff--only kombinieren."
+msgstr "Sie können --no-ff nicht mit --ff--only kombinieren."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1261
+#: builtin/merge.c:1172
 msgid "No commit specified and merge.defaultToUpstream not set."
 msgstr "Keine Version angegeben und merge.defaultToUpstream ist nicht gesetzt."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1293
+#: builtin/merge.c:1204
 msgid "Can merge only exactly one commit into empty head"
 msgstr "Kann nur exakt eine Version in einem leeren Zweig zusammenführen."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1296
+#: builtin/merge.c:1207
 msgid "Squash commit into empty head not supported yet"
 msgstr "Bin auf einem Zweig, der noch geboren wird; kann nicht quetschen."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1298
+#: builtin/merge.c:1209
 msgid "Non-fast-forward commit does not make sense into an empty head"
-msgstr "nicht vorzuspulende Version macht in einem leeren Zweig keinen Sinn"
+msgstr ""
+"Nicht vorzuspulende Version kann nicht in einem leeren Zweig verwendet "
+"werden."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1413
+#: builtin/merge.c:1265
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has an untrusted GPG signature, allegedly by %s."
+msgstr ""
+"Version %s hat eine nicht vertrauenswürdige GPG-Signatur, angeblich von %s."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1268
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a bad GPG signature allegedly by %s."
+msgstr "Version %s hat eine ungültige GPG-Signatur, angeblich von %s."
+
+#. 'N'
+#: builtin/merge.c:1271
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have a GPG signature."
+msgstr "Version %s hat keine GPG-Signatur."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1274
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a good GPG signature by %s\n"
+msgstr "Version %s hat eine gültige GPG-Signatur von %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1358
 #, c-format
 msgid "Updating %s..%s\n"
 msgstr "Aktualisiere %s..%s\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1451
+#: builtin/merge.c:1397
 #, c-format
 msgid "Trying really trivial in-index merge...\n"
 msgstr "Probiere wirklich triviale \"in-index\"-Zusammenführung...\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1458
+#: builtin/merge.c:1404
 #, c-format
 msgid "Nope.\n"
 msgstr "Nein.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1490
+#: builtin/merge.c:1436
 msgid "Not possible to fast-forward, aborting."
 msgstr "Vorspulen nicht möglich, breche ab."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1513 builtin/merge.c:1592
+#: builtin/merge.c:1459 builtin/merge.c:1538
 #, c-format
 msgid "Rewinding the tree to pristine...\n"
 msgstr "Rücklauf des Zweiges bis zum Ursprung...\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1517
+#: builtin/merge.c:1463
 #, c-format
 msgid "Trying merge strategy %s...\n"
 msgstr "Probiere Zusammenführungsstrategie %s...\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1583
+#: builtin/merge.c:1529
 #, c-format
 msgid "No merge strategy handled the merge.\n"
 msgstr "Keine Zusammenführungsstrategie behandelt diese Zusammenführung.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1585
+#: builtin/merge.c:1531
 #, c-format
 msgid "Merge with strategy %s failed.\n"
 msgstr "Zusammenführung mit Strategie %s fehlgeschlagen.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1594
+#: builtin/merge.c:1540
 #, c-format
 msgid "Using the %s to prepare resolving by hand.\n"
-msgstr "Benutze \"%s\" um die Auflösung per Hand vorzubereiten.\n"
+msgstr "Benutzen Sie \"%s\" um die Auflösung per Hand vorzubereiten.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1606
+#: builtin/merge.c:1552
 #, c-format
 msgid "Automatic merge went well; stopped before committing as requested\n"
 msgstr ""
 "Automatische Zusammenführung abgeschlossen; halte, wie gewünscht, vor der "
 "Eintragung an\n"
 
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:26
+msgid "git merge-base [-a|--all] <commit> <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a|--all] <Version> <Version>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:27
+msgid "git merge-base [-a|--all] --octopus <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a|--all] --octopus <Version>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:28
+msgid "git merge-base --independent <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base --independent <Version>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:29
+msgid "git merge-base --is-ancestor <commit> <commit>"
+msgstr "git merge-base --is-ancestor <Version> <Version>"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:98
+msgid "output all common ancestors"
+msgstr "Ausgabe aller gemeinsamen Vorfahren"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:99
+msgid "find ancestors for a single n-way merge"
+msgstr "findet Vorfahren für eine einzelne n-Wege-Zusammenführung"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:100
+msgid "list revs not reachable from others"
+msgstr "listet Versionen auf, die nicht durch Andere erreichbar sind"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:102
+msgid "is the first one ancestor of the other?"
+msgstr "ist der Erste ein Vorfahre von dem Anderen?"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:8
+msgid ""
+"git merge-file [options] [-L name1 [-L orig [-L name2]]] file1 orig_file "
+"file2"
+msgstr ""
+"git merge-file [Optionen] [-L Name1 [-L orig [-L Name2]]] Datei1 orig_Datei "
+"Datei2"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:33
+msgid "send results to standard output"
+msgstr "sendet Ergebnisse zur Standard-Ausgabe"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:34
+msgid "use a diff3 based merge"
+msgstr "verwendet eine diff3 basierte Zusammenführung"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:35
+msgid "for conflicts, use our version"
+msgstr "verwendet bei Konflikten unsere Variante"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:37
+msgid "for conflicts, use their version"
+msgstr "verwendet bei Konflikten ihre Variante"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:39
+msgid "for conflicts, use a union version"
+msgstr "verwendet bei Konflikten eine gemeinsame Variante"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:42
+msgid "for conflicts, use this marker size"
+msgstr "verwendet bei Konflikten diese Kennzeichnungslänge"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:43
+msgid "do not warn about conflicts"
+msgstr "keine Warnung bei Konflikten"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:45
+msgid "set labels for file1/orig_file/file2"
+msgstr "setzt Beschriftung für Datei1/orig_Datei/Datei2"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:67
+msgid "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
+msgstr "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:153
+msgid "input is NUL terminated"
+msgstr "Eingabe ist durch NUL-Zeichen abgeschlossen"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:154 builtin/write-tree.c:24
+msgid "allow missing objects"
+msgstr "erlaubt fehlende Objekte"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:155
+msgid "allow creation of more than one tree"
+msgstr "erlaubt die Erstellung von mehr als einem Baum"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:14
+msgid "git mv [options] <source>... <destination>"
+msgstr "git mv [Optionen] <Quelle>... <Ziel>"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:64
+msgid "force move/rename even if target exists"
+msgstr "erzwingt Verschieben/Umbenennen, auch wenn das Ziel existiert"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:65
+msgid "skip move/rename errors"
+msgstr "überspringt Fehler beim Verschieben oder Umbenennen"
+
 #: builtin/mv.c:108
 #, c-format
 msgid "Checking rename of '%s' to '%s'\n"
@@ -3767,192 +6831,599 @@
 msgid "renaming '%s' failed"
 msgstr "Umbenennung von '%s' fehlgeschlagen"
 
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:175
+msgid "git name-rev [options] <commit>..."
+msgstr "git name-rev [Optionen] <Version>..."
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:176
+msgid "git name-rev [options] --all"
+msgstr "git name-rev [Optionen] --all"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:177
+msgid "git name-rev [options] --stdin"
+msgstr "git name-rev [Optionen] --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:229
+msgid "print only names (no SHA-1)"
+msgstr "zeigt nur Namen an (keine SHA-1)"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:230
+msgid "only use tags to name the commits"
+msgstr "verwendet nur Markierungen um die Versionen zu benennen"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:232
+msgid "only use refs matching <pattern>"
+msgstr "verwendet nur Referenzen die <Muster> entsprechen"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:234
+msgid "list all commits reachable from all refs"
+msgstr "listet alle Versionen auf, die von allen Referenzen erreichbar sind"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:235
+msgid "read from stdin"
+msgstr "liest von der Standard-Eingabe"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:236
+msgid "allow to print `undefined` names"
+msgstr "erlaubt Ausgabe von `undefinierten` Namen"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:26
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <Notiz-Referenz>] [list [<Objekt>]]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:27
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] add [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file> | (-c | -C) "
+"<object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <Notiz-Referenz>] add [-f] [-m <Nachricht> | -F <Datei> | (-"
+"c | -C) <Objekt>] [<Objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:28
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] copy [-f] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <Notiz-Referenz>] copy [-f] <von-Objekt> <nach-Objekt>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:29
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] append [-m <msg> | -F <file> | (-c | -C) "
+"<object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <Notiz-Referenz>] append [-m <Nachricht> | -F <Datei> | (-c "
+"| -C) <Objekt>] [<Objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:30
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] edit [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <Notiz-Referenz>] edit [<Objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:31
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] show [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <Notiz-Referenz>] show [<Objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:32
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy> ] <notes_ref>"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <Notiz-Referenz>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <Strategie> ] <Notiz-"
+"Referenz>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:33
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:34
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:35
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] remove [<object>...]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <Notiz-Referenz>] remove [<Objekt>...]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:36
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] prune [-n | -v]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <Notiz-Referenz>] prune [-n | -v]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:37
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] get-ref"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <Notiz-Referenz>] get-ref"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:42
+msgid "git notes [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git notes [list [<Objekt>]]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:47
+msgid "git notes add [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes add [<Optionen>] [<Objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:52
+msgid "git notes copy [<options>] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr "git notes copy [<Optionen>] <von-Objekt> <nach-Objekt>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:53
+msgid "git notes copy --stdin [<from-object> <to-object>]..."
+msgstr "git notes copy --stdin [<von-Objekt> <nach-Objekt>]..."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:58
+msgid "git notes append [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes append [<Optionen>] [<Objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:63
+msgid "git notes edit [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes edit [<Objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:68
+msgid "git notes show [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes show [<Objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:73
+msgid "git notes merge [<options>] <notes_ref>"
+msgstr "git notes merge [<Optionen>] <Notiz-Referenz>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:74
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --commit [<Optionen>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:75
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --abort [<Optionen>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:80
+msgid "git notes remove [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes remove [<Objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:85
+msgid "git notes prune [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes prune [<Optionen>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:90
+msgid "git notes get-ref"
+msgstr "git notes get-ref"
+
 #: builtin/notes.c:139
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to start 'show' for object '%s'"
 msgstr "konnte 'show' für Objekt '%s' nicht starten"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:145
-msgid "can't fdopen 'show' output fd"
-msgstr "konnte Datei-Deskriptor für Ausgabe von 'show' nicht öffnen"
+#: builtin/notes.c:143
+msgid "could not read 'show' output"
+msgstr "Konnte Ausgabe von 'show' nicht lesen."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:155
-#, c-format
-msgid "failed to close pipe to 'show' for object '%s'"
-msgstr "Schließen der Verbindung zu 'show' ist für Objekt '%s' fehlgeschlagen."
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:158
+#: builtin/notes.c:151
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to finish 'show' for object '%s'"
 msgstr "konnte 'show' für Objekt '%s' nicht abschließen"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:175 builtin/tag.c:347
+#: builtin/notes.c:169 builtin/tag.c:341
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create file '%s'"
 msgstr "konnte Datei '%s' nicht erstellen"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:189
+#: builtin/notes.c:188
 msgid "Please supply the note contents using either -m or -F option"
-msgstr "Bitte liefere den Notiz-Inhalt unter Verwendung der Option -m oder -F."
+msgstr ""
+"Bitte liefern Sie den Notiz-Inhalt unter Verwendung der Option -m oder -F."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:210 builtin/notes.c:973
+#: builtin/notes.c:209 builtin/notes.c:972
 #, c-format
 msgid "Removing note for object %s\n"
 msgstr "Entferne Notiz für Objekt %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:215
+#: builtin/notes.c:214
 msgid "unable to write note object"
 msgstr "Konnte Notiz-Objekt nicht schreiben"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:217
+#: builtin/notes.c:216
 #, c-format
 msgid "The note contents has been left in %s"
 msgstr "Die Notiz-Inhalte wurden in %s belassen"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:251 builtin/tag.c:542
+#: builtin/notes.c:250 builtin/tag.c:540
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read '%s'"
 msgstr "kann '%s' nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:253 builtin/tag.c:545
+#: builtin/notes.c:252 builtin/tag.c:543
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not open or read '%s'"
 msgstr "konnte '%s' nicht öffnen oder lesen"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:272 builtin/notes.c:445 builtin/notes.c:447
-#: builtin/notes.c:507 builtin/notes.c:561 builtin/notes.c:644
-#: builtin/notes.c:649 builtin/notes.c:724 builtin/notes.c:766
-#: builtin/notes.c:968 builtin/reset.c:293 builtin/tag.c:558
+#: builtin/notes.c:271 builtin/notes.c:444 builtin/notes.c:446
+#: builtin/notes.c:506 builtin/notes.c:560 builtin/notes.c:643
+#: builtin/notes.c:648 builtin/notes.c:723 builtin/notes.c:765
+#: builtin/notes.c:967 builtin/tag.c:556
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."
 msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht als gültige Referenz auflösen."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:275
+#: builtin/notes.c:274
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to read object '%s'."
 msgstr "Fehler beim Lesen des Objektes '%s'."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:299
+#: builtin/notes.c:298
 msgid "Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"
 msgstr "Kann uninitialisierten/unreferenzierten Notiz-Baum nicht eintragen."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:340
+#: builtin/notes.c:339
 #, c-format
 msgid "Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"
 msgstr "Ungültiger notes.rewriteMode Wert: '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:350
+#: builtin/notes.c:349
 #, c-format
 msgid "Refusing to rewrite notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
 msgstr ""
-"Neuschreiben der Notizen in %s zurückgewiesen (außerhalb von refs/notes/)"
+"Umschreiben der Notizen in %s zurückgewiesen (außerhalb von refs/notes/)"
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
 #. environment variable, the second %s is its value
-#: builtin/notes.c:377
+#: builtin/notes.c:376
 #, c-format
 msgid "Bad %s value: '%s'"
 msgstr "Ungültiger %s Wert: '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:441
+#: builtin/notes.c:440
 #, c-format
 msgid "Malformed input line: '%s'."
 msgstr "Fehlerhafte Eingabezeile: '%s'."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:456
+#: builtin/notes.c:455
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to copy notes from '%s' to '%s'"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Kopieren der Notizen von '%s' nach '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:500 builtin/notes.c:554 builtin/notes.c:627
-#: builtin/notes.c:639 builtin/notes.c:712 builtin/notes.c:759
-#: builtin/notes.c:1033
+#: builtin/notes.c:499 builtin/notes.c:553 builtin/notes.c:626
+#: builtin/notes.c:638 builtin/notes.c:711 builtin/notes.c:758
+#: builtin/notes.c:1032
 msgid "too many parameters"
 msgstr "zu viele Parameter"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:513 builtin/notes.c:772
+#: builtin/notes.c:512 builtin/notes.c:771
 #, c-format
 msgid "No note found for object %s."
 msgstr "Kein Notiz für Objekt %s gefunden."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:580
+#: builtin/notes.c:534 builtin/notes.c:691
+msgid "note contents as a string"
+msgstr "Notizinhalte als Zeichenkette"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:537 builtin/notes.c:694
+msgid "note contents in a file"
+msgstr "Notizinhalte in einer Datei"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:539 builtin/notes.c:542 builtin/notes.c:696
+#: builtin/notes.c:699 builtin/tag.c:474
+msgid "object"
+msgstr "Objekt"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:540 builtin/notes.c:697
+msgid "reuse and edit specified note object"
+msgstr "Wiederverwendung und Bearbeitung des angegebenen Notiz-Objektes"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:543 builtin/notes.c:700
+msgid "reuse specified note object"
+msgstr "Wiederverwendung des angegebenen Notiz-Objektes"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:545 builtin/notes.c:613
+msgid "replace existing notes"
+msgstr "ersetzt existierende Notizen"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:579
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Cannot add notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
 "existing notes"
 msgstr ""
 "Konnte Notizen nicht hinzufügen. Existierende Notizen für Objekt %s "
-"gefunden. Verwende '-f' um die existierenden Notizen zu überschreiben."
+"gefunden. Verwenden Sie '-f' um die existierenden Notizen zu überschreiben."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:585 builtin/notes.c:662
+#: builtin/notes.c:584 builtin/notes.c:661
 #, c-format
 msgid "Overwriting existing notes for object %s\n"
 msgstr "Überschreibe existierende Notizen für Objekt %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:635
+#: builtin/notes.c:614
+msgid "read objects from stdin"
+msgstr "liest Objekte von der Standard-Eingabe"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:616
+msgid "load rewriting config for <command> (implies --stdin)"
+msgstr ""
+"lädt Konfiguration für <Kommando> beim Umschreiben von Versionen (impliziert "
+"--stdin)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:634
 msgid "too few parameters"
 msgstr "zu wenig Parameter"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:656
+#: builtin/notes.c:655
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Cannot copy notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
 "existing notes"
 msgstr ""
 "Kann Notizen nicht kopieren. Existierende Notizen für Objekt %s gefunden. "
-"Verwende '-f' um die existierenden Notizen zu überschreiben."
+"Verwenden Sie '-f' um die existierenden Notizen zu überschreiben."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:668
+#: builtin/notes.c:667
 #, c-format
 msgid "Missing notes on source object %s. Cannot copy."
 msgstr "Keine Notizen für Quell-Objekt %s. Kopie nicht möglich."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:717
+#: builtin/notes.c:716
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The -m/-F/-c/-C options have been deprecated for the 'edit' subcommand.\n"
 "Please use 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C' instead.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "Die Optionen -m/-F/-c/-C sind für das Unterkommando 'edit' veraltet.\n"
-"Bitte benutze stattdessen 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C'.\n"
+"Bitte benutzen Sie stattdessen 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C'.\n"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:971
+#: builtin/notes.c:863
+msgid "General options"
+msgstr "Allgemeine Optionen"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:865
+msgid "Merge options"
+msgstr "Optionen für Zusammenführung"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:867
+msgid ""
+"resolve notes conflicts using the given strategy (manual/ours/theirs/union/"
+"cat_sort_uniq)"
+msgstr ""
+"löst Konflikte bei Notizen mit der angegebenen Strategie auf (manual/ours/"
+"theirs/union/cat_sort_uniq)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:869
+msgid "Committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr "trägt nicht zusammengeführte Notizen ein"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:871
+msgid "finalize notes merge by committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr ""
+"schließt Zusammenführung von Notizen ab, in dem nicht zusammengeführte "
+"Notizen eingetragen werden"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:873
+msgid "Aborting notes merge resolution"
+msgstr "bricht Konfliktauflösung bei Zusammenführung von Notizen ab"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:875
+msgid "abort notes merge"
+msgstr "bricht Zusammenführung von Notizen ab"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:970
 #, c-format
 msgid "Object %s has no note\n"
 msgstr "Objekt %s hat keine Notiz\n"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:1103 builtin/remote.c:1598
+#: builtin/notes.c:982
+msgid "attempt to remove non-existent note is not an error"
+msgstr "der Versuch, eine nicht existierende Notiz zu löschen, ist kein Fehler"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:985
+msgid "read object names from the standard input"
+msgstr "liest Objektnamen von der Standard-Eingabe"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:1066
+msgid "notes_ref"
+msgstr "Notiz-Referenz"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:1067
+msgid "use notes from <notes_ref>"
+msgstr "verwendet Notizen von <Notiz-Referenz>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:1102 builtin/remote.c:1598
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown subcommand: %s"
 msgstr "Unbekanntes Unterkommando: %s"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2337
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:23
+msgid "git pack-objects --stdout [options...] [< ref-list | < object-list]"
+msgstr ""
+"git pack-objects --stdout [Optionen...] [< Referenzliste | < Objektliste]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:24
+msgid "git pack-objects [options...] base-name [< ref-list | < object-list]"
+msgstr ""
+"git pack-objects [Optionen...] Basis-Name [< Referenzliste | < Objektliste]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:183 builtin/pack-objects.c:186
+#, c-format
+msgid "deflate error (%d)"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Komprimieren (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2397
 #, c-format
 msgid "unsupported index version %s"
 msgstr "Nicht unterstützte Bereitstellungsversion %s"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2341
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2401
 #, c-format
 msgid "bad index version '%s'"
 msgstr "Ungültige Bereitstellungsversion '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2364
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2424
 #, c-format
 msgid "option %s does not accept negative form"
 msgstr "Option %s akzeptiert keine negative Form"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2368
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2428
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to parse value '%s' for option %s"
 msgstr "konnte Wert '%s' für Option %s nicht parsen"
 
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2447
+msgid "do not show progress meter"
+msgstr "zeigt keine Fortschrittsanzeige"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2449
+msgid "show progress meter"
+msgstr "zeigt Fortschrittsanzeige"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2451
+msgid "show progress meter during object writing phase"
+msgstr "zeigt Forschrittsanzeige während der Phase des Schreibens der Objekte"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2454
+msgid "similar to --all-progress when progress meter is shown"
+msgstr "ähnlich zu --all-progress wenn Fortschrittsanzeige darstellt wird"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2455
+msgid "version[,offset]"
+msgstr "version[,offset]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2456
+msgid "write the pack index file in the specified idx format version"
+msgstr ""
+"schreibt die Index-Datei des Paketes in der angegebenen Indexformat-Version"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2459
+msgid "maximum size of each output pack file"
+msgstr "maximale Größe für jede ausgegebene Paketdatei"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2461
+msgid "ignore borrowed objects from alternate object store"
+msgstr "ignoriert geliehene Objekte von alternativem Objektspeicher"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2463
+msgid "ignore packed objects"
+msgstr "ignoriert gepackte Objekte"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2465
+msgid "limit pack window by objects"
+msgstr "begrenzt Paketfenster durch Objekte"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2467
+msgid "limit pack window by memory in addition to object limit"
+msgstr "begrenzt Paketfenster, zusätzlich zur Objektbegrenzung, durch Speicher"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2469
+msgid "maximum length of delta chain allowed in the resulting pack"
+msgstr ""
+"maximale Länge der erlaubten Differenzverkettung im resultierenden Paket"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2471
+msgid "reuse existing deltas"
+msgstr "verwendet existierende Unterschiede wieder"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2473
+msgid "reuse existing objects"
+msgstr "verwendet existierende Objekte wieder"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2475
+msgid "use OFS_DELTA objects"
+msgstr "verwendet OFS_DELTA Objekte"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2477
+msgid "use threads when searching for best delta matches"
+msgstr ""
+"verwendet Threads bei der Suche nach den besten Übereinstimmungen bei "
+"Unterschieden"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2479
+msgid "do not create an empty pack output"
+msgstr "erzeugt keine leeren Pakete"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2481
+msgid "read revision arguments from standard input"
+msgstr "liest Argumente bezüglich Revisionen von der Standard-Eingabe"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2483
+msgid "limit the objects to those that are not yet packed"
+msgstr "begrenzt die Objekte zu solchen, die noch nicht gepackt wurden"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2486
+msgid "include objects reachable from any reference"
+msgstr "schließt Objekte ein, die von jeder Referenz erreichbar sind"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2489
+msgid "include objects referred by reflog entries"
+msgstr ""
+"schließt Objekte ein, die von Einträgen des Referenzprotokolls referenziert "
+"werden"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2492
+msgid "output pack to stdout"
+msgstr "schreibt Paket in die Standard-Ausgabe"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2494
+msgid "include tag objects that refer to objects to be packed"
+msgstr ""
+"schließt Markierungsobjekte ein, die auf gepackte Objekte referenzieren"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2496
+msgid "keep unreachable objects"
+msgstr "behält nicht erreichbare Objekte"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2497 parse-options.h:141
+msgid "time"
+msgstr "Zeit"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2498
+msgid "unpack unreachable objects newer than <time>"
+msgstr "entpackt nicht erreichbare Objekte, die neuer als <Zeit> sind"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2501
+msgid "create thin packs"
+msgstr "erzeugt dünnere Pakete"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2503
+msgid "ignore packs that have companion .keep file"
+msgstr "ignoriert Pakete die .keep Dateien haben"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2505
+msgid "pack compression level"
+msgstr "Komprimierungsgrad für Paketierung"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2507
+msgid "do not hide commits by grafts"
+msgstr "verbirgt keine Versionen mit künstlichen Vorgängern (\"grafts\")"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:6
+msgid "git pack-refs [options]"
+msgstr "git pack-refs [Optionen]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:14
+msgid "pack everything"
+msgstr "packt alles"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:15
+msgid "prune loose refs (default)"
+msgstr "entfernt lose Referenzen (Standard)"
+
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:7
+msgid "git prune-packed [-n|--dry-run] [-q|--quiet]"
+msgstr "git prune-packed [-n|--dry-run] [-q|--quiet]"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:12
+msgid "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <time>] [--] [<head>...]"
+msgstr "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <Zeit>] [--] [<Zweigspitze>...]"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:132
+msgid "do not remove, show only"
+msgstr "nicht löschen, nur anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:133
+msgid "report pruned objects"
+msgstr "meldet gelöschte Objekte"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:136
+msgid "expire objects older than <time>"
+msgstr "lässt Objekte älter als <Zeit> verfallen"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:14
+msgid "git push [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git push [<Optionen>] [<Projektarchiv> [<Referenzspezifikation>...]]"
+
 #: builtin/push.c:45
 msgid "tag shorthand without <tag>"
 msgstr "Kurzschrift für Markierung ohne <Markierung>"
 
 #: builtin/push.c:64
 msgid "--delete only accepts plain target ref names"
-msgstr "--delete akzeptiert nur reine Referenz-Namen als Ziel"
+msgstr "Die Option --delete akzeptiert nur reine Referenznamen als Ziel."
 
 #: builtin/push.c:99
 msgid ""
@@ -3977,14 +7448,14 @@
 "    git push %s %s\n"
 "%s"
 msgstr ""
-"Der Name des externen Übernahmezweiges stimmt nicht mit dem Namen deines\n"
+"Der Name des externen Übernahmezweiges stimmt nicht mit dem Namen Ihres\n"
 "aktuellen Zweiges überein. Um auf den Übernahmezweig in dem externen\n"
-"Projektarchiv zu versenden, benutze:\n"
+"Projektarchiv zu versenden, benutzen Sie:\n"
 "\n"
 "    git push %s HEAD:%s\n"
 "\n"
 "Um auf den Zweig mit dem selben Namen in dem externen Projekarchiv\n"
-"zu versenden, benutze:\n"
+"zu versenden, benutzen Sie:\n"
 "\n"
 "    git push %s %s\n"
 "%s"
@@ -3998,9 +7469,9 @@
 "\n"
 "    git push %s HEAD:<name-of-remote-branch>\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Du befindest dich sich im Moment auf keinem Zweig.\n"
+"Sie befinden sich im Moment auf keinem Zweig.\n"
 "Um die Historie, führend zum aktuellen (freistehende Zweigspitze (HEAD))\n"
-"Status zu versenden, benutze\n"
+"Status zu versenden, benutzen Sie\n"
 "\n"
 "    git push %s HEAD:<Name-des-externen-Zweiges>\n"
 
@@ -4014,7 +7485,7 @@
 msgstr ""
 "Der aktuelle Zweig %s hat keinen Zweig im externen Projektarchiv.\n"
 "Um den aktuellen Zweig zu versenden und das Fernarchiv als externes\n"
-"Projektarchiv zu verwenden, benutze\n"
+"Projektarchiv zu verwenden, benutzen Sie\n"
 "\n"
 "    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
 
@@ -4030,46 +7501,82 @@
 "your current branch '%s', without telling me what to push\n"
 "to update which remote branch."
 msgstr ""
-"Du versendest nach '%s', welches kein externes Projektarchiv deines\n"
+"Sie versenden nach '%s', welches kein externes Projektarchiv Ihres\n"
 "aktuellen Zweiges '%s' ist, ohne mir mitzuteilen, was ich versenden\n"
 "soll, um welchen externen Zweig zu aktualisieren."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:174
+#: builtin/push.c:151
+msgid ""
+"push.default is unset; its implicit value is changing in\n"
+"Git 2.0 from 'matching' to 'simple'. To squelch this message\n"
+"and maintain the current behavior after the default changes, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default matching\n"
+"\n"
+"To squelch this message and adopt the new behavior now, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default simple\n"
+"\n"
+"See 'git help config' and search for 'push.default' for further "
+"information.\n"
+"(the 'simple' mode was introduced in Git 1.7.11. Use the similar mode\n"
+"'current' instead of 'simple' if you sometimes use older versions of Git)"
+msgstr ""
+"'push.default' ist nicht gesetzt; der implizit gesetzte Wert\n"
+"wird in Git 2.0 von 'matching' nach 'simple' geändert. Um diese Meldung zu\n"
+"unterdrücken und das aktuelle Verhalten nach Änderung des Standardwertes\n"
+"beizubehalten, benutzen Sie:\n"
+"  git config --global push.default matching\n"
+"\n"
+"Um diese Meldung zu unterdrücken und das neue Verhalten jetzt zu übernehmen, "
+"benutzen Sie:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default simple\n"
+"\n"
+"Führen Sie 'git help config' aus und suchen Sie nach 'push.default' für "
+"weitere Informationen.\n"
+"(Der Modus 'simple' wurde in Git 1.7.11 eingeführt. Benutze den ähnlichen "
+"Modus 'current' anstatt 'simple', falls Sie gelegentlich ältere Versionen "
+"von Git benutzen.)"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:199
 msgid ""
 "You didn't specify any refspecs to push, and push.default is \"nothing\"."
 msgstr ""
-"Du hast keine Referenzspezifikationen zum Versenden angegeben, und push."
+"Sie haben keine Referenzspezifikationen zum Versenden angegeben, und push."
 "default ist \"nothing\"."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:181
+#: builtin/push.c:206
 msgid ""
 "Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind\n"
 "its remote counterpart. Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull')\n"
 "before pushing again.\n"
 "See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
 msgstr ""
-"Aktualisierungen wurden zurückgewiesen, weil die Spitze deines aktuellen\n"
-"Zweiges hinter seinem externen Gegenstück zurückgefallen ist. Führe die\n"
-"externen Änderungen zusammen (z.B. 'git pull') bevor du erneut versendest.\n"
+"Aktualisierungen wurden zurückgewiesen, weil die Spitze Ihres aktuellen\n"
+"Zweiges hinter seinem externen Gegenstück zurückgefallen ist. Führen Sie\n"
+"die externen Änderungen zusammen (z.B. 'git pull') bevor Sie erneut\n"
+"versenden.\n"
 "Siehe auch die Sektion 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help'\n"
 "für weitere Details."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:187
+#: builtin/push.c:212
 msgid ""
 "Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
 "counterpart. If you did not intend to push that branch, you may want to\n"
-"specify branches to push or set the 'push.default' configuration\n"
-"variable to 'current' or 'upstream' to push only the current branch."
+"specify branches to push or set the 'push.default' configuration variable\n"
+"to 'simple', 'current' or 'upstream' to push only the current branch."
 msgstr ""
 "Aktualisierungen wurden zurückgewiesen, weil die Spitze eines versendeten\n"
-"Zweiges hinter seinem externen Gegenstück zurückgefallen ist. Wenn du nicht\n"
-"beabsichtigt hast, diesen Zweig zu versenden, kannst du auch den zu "
+"Zweiges hinter seinem externen Gegenstück zurückgefallen ist. Wenn Sie "
+"nicht\n"
+"beabsichtigt haben, diesen Zweig zu versenden, können Sie auch den zu "
 "versendenden\n"
 "Zweig spezifizieren oder die Konfigurationsvariable 'push.default' zu "
-"'current'\n"
+"'simple', 'current'\n"
 "oder 'upstream' setzen, um nur den aktuellen Zweig zu versenden."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:193
+#: builtin/push.c:218
 msgid ""
 "Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
 "counterpart. Check out this branch and merge the remote changes\n"
@@ -4077,28 +7584,64 @@
 "See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
 msgstr ""
 "Aktualisierungen wurden zurückgewiesen, weil die Spitze eines versendeten\n"
-"Zweiges hinter seinem externen Gegenstück zurückgefallen ist. Checke diesen\n"
-"Zweig aus und führe die externen Änderungen zusammen (z.B. 'git pull')\n"
-"bevor du erneut versendest.\n"
+"Zweiges hinter seinem externen Gegenstück zurückgefallen ist. Checken Sie\n"
+"diesen Zweig aus und führen Sie die externen Änderungen zusammen\n"
+"(z.B. 'git pull') bevor Sie erneut versenden.\n"
 "Siehe auch die Sektion 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help'\n"
 "für weitere Details."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:233
+#: builtin/push.c:224
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do\n"
+"not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing\n"
+"to the same ref. You may want to first merge the remote changes (e.g.,\n"
+"'git pull') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"Aktualisierungen wurden zurückgewiesen, weil das Fernarchiv Versionen "
+"enthält,\n"
+"die lokal nicht vorhanden sind. Das wird üblicherweise durch das Versenden "
+"von\n"
+"Versionen auf dieselbe Referenz von einem anderen Projektarchiv aus "
+"verursacht.\n"
+"Vielleicht müssen Sie die externen Änderungen zusammenzuführen (z.B. 'git "
+"pull')\n"
+"bevor Sie erneut versenden.\n"
+"Siehe auch die Sektion 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help'\n"
+"für weitere Details."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:231
+msgid "Updates were rejected because the tag already exists in the remote."
+msgstr ""
+"Aktualisierungen wurden zurückgewiesen, weil die Markierung bereits\n"
+"im Fernarchiv existiert."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:234
+msgid ""
+"You cannot update a remote ref that points at a non-commit object,\n"
+"or update a remote ref to make it point at a non-commit object,\n"
+"without using the '--force' option.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Sie können keine externe Referenz aktualisieren, die auf ein Objekt zeigt,\n"
+"das keine Version ist, oder es auf ein solches Objekt zeigen lassen, ohne\n"
+"die Option '--force' zu verwenden.\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:294
 #, c-format
 msgid "Pushing to %s\n"
 msgstr "Versende nach %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:237
+#: builtin/push.c:298
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to push some refs to '%s'"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Versenden einiger Referenzen nach '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:269
+#: builtin/push.c:331
 #, c-format
 msgid "bad repository '%s'"
 msgstr "ungültiges Projektarchiv '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:270
+#: builtin/push.c:332
 msgid ""
 "No configured push destination.\n"
 "Either specify the URL from the command-line or configure a remote "
@@ -4111,42 +7654,258 @@
 "    git push <name>\n"
 msgstr ""
 "Kein Ziel zum Versenden konfiguriert.\n"
-"Entweder spezifizierst du die URL von der Kommandozeile oder konfigurierst "
+"Entweder spezifizieren Sie die URL von der Kommandozeile oder konfigurieren "
 "ein externes Projektarchiv unter Benutzung von\n"
 "\n"
 "    git remote add <Name> <URL>\n"
 "\n"
-"und versendest dann unter Benutzung dieses Namens\n"
+"und versenden dann unter Benutzung dieses Namens\n"
 "\n"
 "    git push <Name>\n"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:285
+#: builtin/push.c:347
 msgid "--all and --tags are incompatible"
-msgstr "--all und --tags sind inkompatibel"
+msgstr "Die Optionen --all und --tags sind inkompatibel."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:286
+#: builtin/push.c:348
 msgid "--all can't be combined with refspecs"
-msgstr "--all kann nicht mit Referenzspezifikationen kombiniert werden"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Option --all kann nicht mit Referenzspezifikationen kombiniert werden."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:291
+#: builtin/push.c:353
 msgid "--mirror and --tags are incompatible"
-msgstr "--mirror und --tags sind inkompatibel"
+msgstr "Die Optionen --mirror und --tags sind inkompatibel."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:292
+#: builtin/push.c:354
 msgid "--mirror can't be combined with refspecs"
-msgstr "--mirror kann nicht mit Referenzspezifikationen kombiniert werden"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Option --mirror kann nicht mit Referenzspezifikationen kombiniert werden."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:297
+#: builtin/push.c:359
 msgid "--all and --mirror are incompatible"
-msgstr "--all und --mirror sind inkompatibel"
+msgstr "Die Optionen --all und --mirror sind inkompatibel."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:385
+#: builtin/push.c:419
+msgid "repository"
+msgstr "Projektarchiv"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:420
+msgid "push all refs"
+msgstr "versendet alle Referenzen"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:421
+msgid "mirror all refs"
+msgstr "spiegelt alle Referenzen"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:423
+msgid "delete refs"
+msgstr "löscht Referenzen"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:424
+msgid "push tags (can't be used with --all or --mirror)"
+msgstr ""
+"versendet Markierungen (kann nicht mit --all oder --mirror verwendet werden)"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:427
+msgid "force updates"
+msgstr "erzwingt Aktualisierung"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:428
+msgid "check"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:429
+msgid "control recursive pushing of submodules"
+msgstr "steuert rekursives Versenden von Unterprojekten"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:431
+msgid "use thin pack"
+msgstr "verwendet kleinere Pakete"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:432 builtin/push.c:433
+msgid "receive pack program"
+msgstr "'receive pack' Programm"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:434
+msgid "set upstream for git pull/status"
+msgstr "setzt externes Projektarchiv für \"git pull/status\""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:437
+msgid "prune locally removed refs"
+msgstr "entfernt lokal gelöschte Referenzen"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:439
+msgid "bypass pre-push hook"
+msgstr "umgeht \"pre-push hook\""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:440
+msgid "push missing but relevant tags"
+msgstr "versendet fehlende, aber relevante Markierungen"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:450
 msgid "--delete is incompatible with --all, --mirror and --tags"
-msgstr "--delete ist inkompatibel mit --all, --mirror und --tags"
+msgstr "Die Option --delete ist inkompatibel mit --all, --mirror und --tags."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:387
+#: builtin/push.c:452
 msgid "--delete doesn't make sense without any refs"
-msgstr "--delete macht ohne irgendeine Referenz keinen Sinn"
+msgstr "Die Option --delete kann nur mit Referenzen verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:36
+msgid ""
+"git read-tree [[-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<prefix>] "
+"[-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--"
+"index-output=<file>] (--empty | <tree-ish1> [<tree-ish2> [<tree-ish3>]])"
+msgstr ""
+"git read-tree [[-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<Prefix>] "
+"[-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--"
+"index-output=<Datei>] (--empty | <Versionsreferenz1> [<Versionsreferenz2> "
+"[<Versionsreferenz3>]])"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:108
+msgid "write resulting index to <file>"
+msgstr "schreibt resultierende Bereitstellung nach <Datei>"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:111
+msgid "only empty the index"
+msgstr "leert die Bereitstellung"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:113
+msgid "Merging"
+msgstr "Zusammenführung"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:115
+msgid "perform a merge in addition to a read"
+msgstr "führt eine Zusammenführung zusätzlich zum Lesen aus"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:117
+msgid "3-way merge if no file level merging required"
+msgstr ""
+"3-Wege-Zusammenführung, wenn keine Zusammenführung auf Dateiebene "
+"erforderlich ist"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:119
+msgid "3-way merge in presence of adds and removes"
+msgstr ""
+"3-Wege-Zusammenführung bei Vorhandensein von hinzugefügten/entfernten Zeilen"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:121
+msgid "same as -m, but discard unmerged entries"
+msgstr "genau wie -m, verwirft aber nicht zusammengeführte Einträge"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:122
+msgid "<subdirectory>/"
+msgstr "<Unterverzeichnis>/"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:123
+msgid "read the tree into the index under <subdirectory>/"
+msgstr "liest den Baum in die Bereitstellung unter <Unterverzeichnis>/"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:126
+msgid "update working tree with merge result"
+msgstr "aktualisiert Arbeitsbaum mit Ergebnis der Zusammenführung"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:128
+msgid "gitignore"
+msgstr "gitignore"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:129
+msgid "allow explicitly ignored files to be overwritten"
+msgstr "erlaubt explizit ignorierte Dateien zu überschreiben"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:132
+msgid "don't check the working tree after merging"
+msgstr "prüft nicht den Arbeitsbaum nach der Zusammenführung"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:133
+msgid "don't update the index or the work tree"
+msgstr "aktualisiert weder die Bereitstellung, noch den Arbeitsbaum"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:135
+msgid "skip applying sparse checkout filter"
+msgstr "überspringt Anwendung des Filters für spärliches Auschecken"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:137
+msgid "debug unpack-trees"
+msgstr "protokolliert Entpacken der Bäume"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:11
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:12
+msgid ""
+"git remote add [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags|--no-tags] [--"
+"mirror=<fetch|push>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr ""
+"git remote add [-t <Zweig>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags|--no-tags] [--"
+"mirror=<fetch|push>] <Name> <URL>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:13 builtin/remote.c:32
+msgid "git remote rename <old> <new>"
+msgstr "git remote rename <alt> <neu>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:14 builtin/remote.c:37
+msgid "git remote remove <name>"
+msgstr "git remote remove <Name>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:15 builtin/remote.c:42
+msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | -d | <branch>)"
+msgstr "git remote set-head <Name> (-a | -d | <Zweig>)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:16
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <Name>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:17
+msgid "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <Name>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:18
+msgid ""
+"git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<group> | <remote>)...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<Gruppe> | "
+"<externesProjektarchiv>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:19
+msgid "git remote set-branches [--add] <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches [--add] <Name> <Zweig>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:20 builtin/remote.c:68
+msgid "git remote set-url [--push] <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>]"
+msgstr "git remote set-url [--push] <Name> <neueURL> [<alteURL>]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:21 builtin/remote.c:69
+msgid "git remote set-url --add <name> <newurl>"
+msgstr "git remote set-url --add <Name> <neueURL>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:22 builtin/remote.c:70
+msgid "git remote set-url --delete <name> <url>"
+msgstr "git remote set-url --delete <Name> <URL>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:27
+msgid "git remote add [<options>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr "git remote add [<Optionen>] <Name> <URL>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:47
+msgid "git remote set-branches <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches <Name> <Zweig>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:48
+msgid "git remote set-branches --add <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches --add <Name> <Zweig>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:53
+msgid "git remote show [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote show [<Optionen>] <Name>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:58
+msgid "git remote prune [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote prune [<Optionen>] <Name>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:63
+msgid "git remote update [<options>] [<group> | <remote>]..."
+msgstr "git remote update [<Optionen>] [<Gruppe> | <externesProjektarchiv>]..."
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:98
 #, c-format
@@ -4159,22 +7918,53 @@
 "\t use --mirror=fetch or --mirror=push instead"
 msgstr ""
 "--mirror ist gefährlich und veraltet; bitte\n"
-"\t benutze stattdessen --mirror=fetch oder --mirror=push"
+"\t benutzen Sie stattdessen --mirror=fetch oder --mirror=push"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:147
 #, c-format
 msgid "unknown mirror argument: %s"
 msgstr "unbekanntes Argument für Option --mirror: %s"
 
+#: builtin/remote.c:163
+msgid "fetch the remote branches"
+msgstr "fordert die externen Zweige an"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:165
+msgid "import all tags and associated objects when fetching"
+msgstr "importiert alle Markierungen und verbundene Objekte beim Anfordern"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:168
+msgid "or do not fetch any tag at all (--no-tags)"
+msgstr "oder fordere gar keine Zweige an (--no-tags)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:170
+msgid "branch(es) to track"
+msgstr "Zweige zur Übernahme"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:171
+msgid "master branch"
+msgstr "Hauptzweig"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:172
+msgid "push|fetch"
+msgstr "push|fetch"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:173
+msgid "set up remote as a mirror to push to or fetch from"
+msgstr ""
+"Aufsetzen des Fernarchivs als Spiegelarchiv zum Versenden und Anfordern"
+
 #: builtin/remote.c:185
 msgid "specifying a master branch makes no sense with --mirror"
-msgstr "Angabe eines Hauptzweiges macht mit --mirror keinen Sinn"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Option --mirror kann nicht mit der Angabe eines Hauptzweiges verwendet "
+"werden."
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:187
 msgid "specifying branches to track makes sense only with fetch mirrors"
 msgstr ""
-"die Angabe von zu folgenden Zweigen macht nur mit dem Abholen von "
-"Spiegelarchiven Sinn"
+"Die Angabe von zu folgenden Zweigen kann nur mit dem Anfordern von "
+"Spiegelarchiven verwendet werden."
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:195 builtin/remote.c:646
 #, c-format
@@ -4239,7 +8029,7 @@
 "Keine Aktualisierung der nicht standardmäßigen Referenzspezifikation zum "
 "Abholen\n"
 "\t%s\n"
-"\tBitte aktualisiere, falls notwendig, die Konfiguration manuell."
+"\tBitte aktualisieren Sie, falls notwendig, die Konfiguration manuell."
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:683
 #, c-format
@@ -4264,7 +8054,7 @@
 #: builtin/remote.c:764
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not remove branch %s"
-msgstr "Konnte Zweig %s nicht entfernen"
+msgstr "Konnte Zweig %s nicht löschen"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:834
 msgid ""
@@ -4275,12 +8065,12 @@
 "to delete them, use:"
 msgstr[0] ""
 "Hinweis: Ein Zweig außerhalb der /refs/remotes/ Hierachie wurde nicht "
-"entfernt;\n"
-"um diesen zu entfernen, benutze:"
+"gelöscht;\n"
+"um diesen zu löschen, benutzen Sie:"
 msgstr[1] ""
 "Hinweis: Einige Zweige außer der /refs/remotes/ Hierarchie wurden nicht "
 "entfernt;\n"
-"um diese zu entfernen, benutze:"
+"um diese zu entfernen, benutzen Sie:"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:943
 #, c-format
@@ -4293,7 +8083,7 @@
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:948
 msgid " stale (use 'git remote prune' to remove)"
-msgstr " veraltet (benutze 'git remote prune' zum Entfernen)"
+msgstr " veraltet (benutzen Sie 'git remote prune' zum Löschen)"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:950
 msgid " ???"
@@ -4367,6 +8157,10 @@
 msgid "    %-*s pushes to %s"
 msgstr "    %-*s versendet nach %s"
 
+#: builtin/remote.c:1091
+msgid "do not query remotes"
+msgstr "keine Abfrage von Fernarchiven"
+
 #: builtin/remote.c:1118
 #, c-format
 msgid "* remote %s"
@@ -4427,6 +8221,14 @@
 msgstr[0] "  Lokale Referenz konfiguriert für 'git push'%s:"
 msgstr[1] "  Lokale Referenzen konfiguriert für 'git push'%s:"
 
+#: builtin/remote.c:1199
+msgid "set refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD according to remote"
+msgstr "setzt refs/remotes/<Name>/HEAD gemäß dem Fernarchiv"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1201
+msgid "delete refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD"
+msgstr "entfernt refs/remotes/<Name>/HEAD"
+
 #: builtin/remote.c:1216
 msgid "Cannot determine remote HEAD"
 msgstr "Kann Hauptzweig des externen Projektarchivs nicht bestimmen"
@@ -4434,8 +8236,8 @@
 #: builtin/remote.c:1218
 msgid "Multiple remote HEAD branches. Please choose one explicitly with:"
 msgstr ""
-"Mehrere Hauptzweige im externen Projektarchiv. Bitte wähle explizit einen "
-"aus mit:"
+"Mehrere Hauptzweige im externen Projektarchiv. Bitte wählen Sie explizit "
+"einen aus mit:"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1228
 #, c-format
@@ -4482,18 +8284,39 @@
 msgid " * [pruned] %s"
 msgstr "* [veralteten Zweig entfernt] %s"
 
+#: builtin/remote.c:1321
+msgid "prune remotes after fetching"
+msgstr "entfernt veraltete Zweige im Fernarchiv nach dem Abholen"
+
 #: builtin/remote.c:1387 builtin/remote.c:1461
 #, c-format
 msgid "No such remote '%s'"
 msgstr "Kein solches externes Projektarchiv '%s'"
 
+#: builtin/remote.c:1407
+msgid "add branch"
+msgstr "fügt Zweig hinzu"
+
 #: builtin/remote.c:1414
 msgid "no remote specified"
 msgstr "kein externes Projektarchiv angegeben"
 
+#: builtin/remote.c:1436
+msgid "manipulate push URLs"
+msgstr "manipuliert URLs zum Versenden"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1438
+msgid "add URL"
+msgstr "fügt URL hinzu"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1440
+msgid "delete URLs"
+msgstr "löscht URLs"
+
 #: builtin/remote.c:1447
 msgid "--add --delete doesn't make sense"
-msgstr "--add --delete macht keinen Sinn"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Optionen --add und --delete können nicht gemeinsam verwendet werden."
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1487
 #, c-format
@@ -4509,6 +8332,56 @@
 msgid "Will not delete all non-push URLs"
 msgstr "Werde keine URLs entfernen, die nicht für den Versand bestimmt sind"
 
+#: builtin/remote.c:1569
+msgid "be verbose; must be placed before a subcommand"
+msgstr "erweiterte Ausgaben; muss vor einem Unterkommando angegeben werden"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:17
+msgid "git replace [-f] <object> <replacement>"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] <Objekt> <Ersetzung>"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:18
+msgid "git replace -d <object>..."
+msgstr "git replace -d <Objekt>..."
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:19
+msgid "git replace -l [<pattern>]"
+msgstr "git replace -l [<Muster>]"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:121
+msgid "list replace refs"
+msgstr "listet ersetzende Referenzen auf"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:122
+msgid "delete replace refs"
+msgstr "löscht ersetzende Referenzen"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:123
+msgid "replace the ref if it exists"
+msgstr "ersetzt die Referenz, wenn sie existiert"
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:11
+msgid "git rerere [clear | forget path... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
+msgstr "git rerere [clean | forget path... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:56
+msgid "register clean resolutions in index"
+msgstr "registriert saubere Auflösungen in der Bereitstellung"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:25
+msgid ""
+"git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<Version>]"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:26
+msgid "git reset [-q] <tree-ish> [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr "git reset [-q] <Versionsreferenz> [--] <Pfade>..."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:27
+msgid "git reset --patch [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]"
+msgstr "git reset --patch [<Versionsreferenz>] [--] [<Pfade>...]"
+
 #: builtin/reset.c:33
 msgid "mixed"
 msgstr "mixed"
@@ -4529,133 +8402,499 @@
 msgid "keep"
 msgstr "keep"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:77
+#: builtin/reset.c:73
 msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD."
-msgstr "Du hast keine gültige Zweigspitze (HEAD)."
+msgstr "Sie haben keine gültige Zweigspitze (HEAD)."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:79
+#: builtin/reset.c:75
 msgid "Failed to find tree of HEAD."
 msgstr "Fehler beim Finden des Baumes der Zweigspitze (HEAD)."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:85
+#: builtin/reset.c:81
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to find tree of %s."
 msgstr "Fehler beim Finden des Baumes von %s."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:96
-msgid "Could not write new index file."
-msgstr "Konnte neue Bereitstellungsdatei nicht schreiben."
-
-#: builtin/reset.c:106
+#: builtin/reset.c:98
 #, c-format
 msgid "HEAD is now at %s"
 msgstr "Zweigspitze (HEAD) ist jetzt bei %s"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:130
-msgid "Could not read index"
-msgstr "Konnte Bereitstellung nicht lesen"
-
-#: builtin/reset.c:133
-msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
-msgstr "Nicht bereitgestellte Änderungen nach Zurücksetzung:"
-
-#: builtin/reset.c:223
+#: builtin/reset.c:169
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot do a %s reset in the middle of a merge."
 msgstr ""
 "Kann keine '%s' Zurücksetzung durchführen, während eine Zusammenführung im "
 "Gange ist."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:297
+#: builtin/reset.c:248
+msgid "be quiet, only report errors"
+msgstr "weniger Ausgaben, meldet nur Fehler"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:250
+msgid "reset HEAD and index"
+msgstr "setzt Zweigspitze (HEAD) und Bereitstellung neu"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:251
+msgid "reset only HEAD"
+msgstr "setzt nur Zweigspitze (HEAD) neu"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:253 builtin/reset.c:255
+msgid "reset HEAD, index and working tree"
+msgstr "setzt Zweigspitze (HEAD), Bereitstellung und Arbeitsbaum neu"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:257
+msgid "reset HEAD but keep local changes"
+msgstr "setzt Zweigspitze (HEAD) neu, behält aber lokale Änderungen"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:275
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid revision."
+msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht als gültige Revision auflösen."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:278 builtin/reset.c:286
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse object '%s'."
 msgstr "Konnte Objekt '%s' nicht parsen."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:302
+#: builtin/reset.c:283
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid tree."
+msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht als gültigen Baum auflösen."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:292
 msgid "--patch is incompatible with --{hard,mixed,soft}"
 msgstr "--patch ist inkompatibel mit --{hard,mixed,soft}"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:311
+#: builtin/reset.c:301
 msgid "--mixed with paths is deprecated; use 'git reset -- <paths>' instead."
 msgstr ""
-"--mixed mit Pfaden ist veraltet; benutze stattdessen 'git reset -- <Pfade>'."
+"--mixed mit Pfaden ist veraltet; benutzen Sie stattdessen 'git reset -- "
+"<Pfade>'."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:313
+#: builtin/reset.c:303
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot do %s reset with paths."
 msgstr "Eine '%s' Zurücksetzung mit Pfaden ist nicht möglich."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:325
+#: builtin/reset.c:313
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s reset is not allowed in a bare repository"
 msgstr "'%s' Zurücksetzung ist in einem bloßen Projektarchiv nicht erlaubt"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:341
+#: builtin/reset.c:333
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not reset index file to revision '%s'."
-msgstr "Konnte Bereitstellungsdatei nicht zu Version '%s' zurücksetzen."
+msgstr "Konnte Bereitstellungsdatei nicht zu Revision '%s' setzen."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:339
+msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
+msgstr "Nicht bereitgestellte Änderungen nach Zurücksetzung:"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:344
+msgid "Could not write new index file."
+msgstr "Konnte neue Bereitstellungsdatei nicht schreiben."
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:339
+msgid "git rev-parse --parseopt [options] -- [<args>...]"
+msgstr "git rev-parse --parseopt [Optionen] -- [<Argumente>...]"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:344
+msgid "keep the `--` passed as an arg"
+msgstr "lässt `--` als Argument"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:346
+msgid "stop parsing after the first non-option argument"
+msgstr "stoppt das Parsen nach dem ersten Argument was keine Option ist"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:464
+msgid ""
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [options] -- [<args>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<arg>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse [options] [<arg>...]\n"
+"\n"
+"Run \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" for more information on the first usage."
+msgstr ""
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [Optionen] -- [<Argumente>...]\n"
+"   oder: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<Argumente>...]\n"
+"   oder: git rev-parse [Optionen] [<Argumente>...]\n"
+"\n"
+"Führen Sie \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" für weitere Informationen bei "
+"erster Verwendung aus."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:22
+msgid "git revert [options] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git revert [Optionen] <Versionsangabe>..."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:23
+msgid "git revert <subcommand>"
+msgstr "git revert <Unterkommando>"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:28
+msgid "git cherry-pick [options] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git cherry-pick [Optionen] <Versionsangabe>..."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:29
+msgid "git cherry-pick <subcommand>"
+msgstr "git cherry-pick <Unterkommando>"
 
 #: builtin/revert.c:70 builtin/revert.c:92
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: %s cannot be used with %s"
-msgstr "%s: %s kann nicht mit %s benutzt werden"
+msgstr "%s: %s kann nicht mit %s verwendet werden"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:131
+#: builtin/revert.c:103
+msgid "end revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "beendet \"revert\" oder \"cherry-pick\" Ablauf"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:104
+msgid "resume revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "setzt \"revert\" oder \"cherry-pick\" Ablauf fort"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:105
+msgid "cancel revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "bricht \"revert\" oder \"cherry-pick\" Ablauf ab"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:106
+msgid "don't automatically commit"
+msgstr "trägt nicht automatisch ein"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:107
+msgid "edit the commit message"
+msgstr "Bearbeitung der Versionsbeschreibung"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:110
+msgid "parent number"
+msgstr "Nummer des Elternteils"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:112
+msgid "merge strategy"
+msgstr "Zusammenführungsstrategie"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:113
+msgid "option"
+msgstr "Option"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:114
+msgid "option for merge strategy"
+msgstr "Option für Zusammenführungsstrategie"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:125
+msgid "append commit name"
+msgstr "hängt Versionsnamen an"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:126
+msgid "allow fast-forward"
+msgstr "erlaubt Vorspulen"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:127
+msgid "preserve initially empty commits"
+msgstr "erhält ursprüngliche, leere Versionen"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:128
+msgid "allow commits with empty messages"
+msgstr "erlaubt Version mit leerer Beschreibung"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:129
+msgid "keep redundant, empty commits"
+msgstr "behält redundante, leere Versionen"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:133
 msgid "program error"
 msgstr "Programmfehler"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:221
+#: builtin/revert.c:223
 msgid "revert failed"
 msgstr "\"revert\" fehlgeschlagen"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:236
+#: builtin/revert.c:238
 msgid "cherry-pick failed"
 msgstr "\"cherry-pick\" fehlgeschlagen"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:109
+#: builtin/rm.c:15
+msgid "git rm [options] [--] <file>..."
+msgstr "git rm [Optionen] [--] [<Datei>...]"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:64 builtin/rm.c:186
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"submodule '%s' (or one of its nested submodules) uses a .git directory\n"
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+"Unterprojekt '%s' (oder ein geschachteltes Unterprojekt hiervon) verwendet\n"
+"ein .git-Verzeichnis (benutzen Sie 'rm -rf' wenn Sie dieses wirklich "
+"mitsamt\n"
+"seiner Historie löschen möchten)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:174
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s' has staged content different from both the file and the HEAD\n"
 "(use -f to force removal)"
 msgstr ""
 "'%s' hat bereitgestellten Inhalt unterschiedlich zu der Datei und der\n"
-"Zweigspitze (HEAD) (benutze -f um die Entfernung zu erzwingen)"
+"Zweigspitze (HEAD) (benutzen Sie -f um die Entfernung zu erzwingen)"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:115
+#: builtin/rm.c:180
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s' has changes staged in the index\n"
 "(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
 msgstr ""
 "'%s' hat Änderungen in der Bereitstellung\n"
-"(benutze --cached um die Datei zu behalten, oder -f um die Entfernung zu "
-"erzwingen)"
+"(benutzen Sie --cached um die Datei zu behalten, oder -f um die Entfernung "
+"zu erzwingen)"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:119
+#: builtin/rm.c:191
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s' has local modifications\n"
 "(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
 msgstr ""
 "'%s' hat lokale Modifikationen\n"
-"(benutze --cached um die Datei zu behalten, oder -f um die Entfernung zu "
-"erzwingen)"
+"(benutzen Sie --cached um die Datei zu behalten, oder -f um die Entfernung "
+"zu erzwingen)"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:194
+#: builtin/rm.c:207
+msgid "do not list removed files"
+msgstr "listet keine gelöschten Dateien auf"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:208
+msgid "only remove from the index"
+msgstr "entfernt nur aus der Bereitstellung"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:209
+msgid "override the up-to-date check"
+msgstr "überschreibt die \"up-to-date\" Prüfung"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:210
+msgid "allow recursive removal"
+msgstr "erlaubt rekursive Entfernung"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:212
+msgid "exit with a zero status even if nothing matched"
+msgstr "beendet mit Rückgabewert 0, wenn keine Übereinstimmung gefunden wurde"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:283
 #, c-format
 msgid "not removing '%s' recursively without -r"
 msgstr "'%s' wird nicht ohne -r rekursiv entfernt"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:230
+#: builtin/rm.c:322
 #, c-format
 msgid "git rm: unable to remove %s"
-msgstr "git rm: konnte %s nicht entfernen"
+msgstr "git rm: konnte %s nicht löschen"
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:157
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:13
+msgid "git shortlog [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] [<path>...]]"
+msgstr "git shortlog [<Optionen>] [Revisionsbereich] [[--] <Pfad>...]"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:131
 #, c-format
 msgid "Missing author: %s"
 msgstr "fehlender Autor: %s"
 
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:227
+msgid "sort output according to the number of commits per author"
+msgstr "sortiert die Ausgabe entsprechend der Anzahl von Versionen pro Autor"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:229
+msgid "Suppress commit descriptions, only provides commit count"
+msgstr "Unterdrückt Versionsbeschreibungen, liefert nur Anzahl der Versionen"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:231
+msgid "Show the email address of each author"
+msgstr "Zeigt die Email-Adresse von jedem Autor"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:232
+msgid "w[,i1[,i2]]"
+msgstr "w[,i1[,i2]]"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:233
+msgid "Linewrap output"
+msgstr "Ausgabe mit Zeilenumbrüchen"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:9
+msgid ""
+"git show-branch [-a|--all] [-r|--remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order] [--"
+"current] [--color[=<when>] | --no-color] [--sparse] [--more=<n> | --list | --"
+"independent | --merge-base] [--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<rev> | "
+"<glob>)...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git show-branch [-a|--all] [-r|--remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order] [--"
+"current] [--color[=<Wann>] | --no-color] [--sparse] [--more=<n> | --list | --"
+"independent | --merge-base] [--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] "
+"[(<Revision> | <glob>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:10
+msgid "git show-branch (-g|--reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<ref>]"
+msgstr "git show-branch (-g|--reflog)[=<n>[,<Basis>]] [--list] [<Referenz>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:650
+msgid "show remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr "zeigt externe Übernahmezweige und lokale Zweige an"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:652
+msgid "show remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "zeigt externe Übernahmezweige an"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:654
+msgid "color '*!+-' corresponding to the branch"
+msgstr "färbt '*!+-' entsprechend des Zweiges ein"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:656
+msgid "show <n> more commits after the common ancestor"
+msgstr "zeigt <n> weitere Versionen nach dem gemeinsamen Vorfahren"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:658
+msgid "synonym to more=-1"
+msgstr "Synonym für more=-1"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:659
+msgid "suppress naming strings"
+msgstr "unterdrückt Namen"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:661
+msgid "include the current branch"
+msgstr "bezieht den aktuellen Zweig ein"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:663
+msgid "name commits with their object names"
+msgstr "benennt Versionen nach ihren Objektnamen"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:665
+msgid "show possible merge bases"
+msgstr "zeigt mögliche Basen für Zusammenführung"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:667
+msgid "show refs unreachable from any other ref"
+msgstr "zeigt Referenzen die unerreichbar von allen anderen Referenzen sind"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:669
+msgid "show commits in topological order"
+msgstr "zeigt Versionen in topologischer Ordnung"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:671
+msgid "show only commits not on the first branch"
+msgstr "zeigt nur Versionen, die sich nicht im ersten Zweig befinden"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:673
+msgid "show merges reachable from only one tip"
+msgstr ""
+"zeigt Zusammenführungen, die nur von einer Zweigspitze aus erreichbar sind"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:675
+msgid "show commits where no parent comes before its children"
+msgstr "zeigt Versionen, wo kein Elternteil vor seinem Kind kommt"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:677
+msgid "<n>[,<base>]"
+msgstr "<n>[,<Basis>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:678
+msgid "show <n> most recent ref-log entries starting at base"
+msgstr ""
+"zeigt die <n> jüngsten Einträge im Referenzprotokoll beginnend an der Basis"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:10
+msgid ""
+"git show-ref [-q|--quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d|--dereference] [-s|--hash"
+"[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [pattern*] "
+msgstr ""
+"git show-ref [-q|--quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d|--dereference] [-s|--hash"
+"[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [pattern*] "
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:11
+msgid "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=pattern] < ref-list"
+msgstr "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=Muster] < ref-list"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:165
+msgid "only show tags (can be combined with heads)"
+msgstr "zeigt nur Markierungen (kann mit \"heads\" kombiniert werden)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:166
+msgid "only show heads (can be combined with tags)"
+msgstr "zeigt nur Zweigspitzen (kann mit \"tags\" kombiniert werden)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:167
+msgid "stricter reference checking, requires exact ref path"
+msgstr "strengere Referenzprüfung, erfordert exakten Referenzpfad"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:170 builtin/show-ref.c:172
+msgid "show the HEAD reference"
+msgstr "zeigt Referenz der Zweigspitze (HEAD)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:174
+msgid "dereference tags into object IDs"
+msgstr "dereferenziert Markierungen in Objekt-Identifikationen"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:176
+msgid "only show SHA1 hash using <n> digits"
+msgstr "zeigt nur SHA1 Hash mit <n> Ziffern"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:180
+msgid "do not print results to stdout (useful with --verify)"
+msgstr ""
+"keine Ausgabe der Ergebnisse in die Standard-Ausgabe (nützlich mit --verify)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:182
+msgid "show refs from stdin that aren't in local repository"
+msgstr ""
+"zeigt Referenzen von der Standard-Eingabe, die sich nicht im lokalen "
+"Projektarchiv befinden, an"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:7
+msgid "git symbolic-ref [options] name [ref]"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref [Optionen] name [ref]"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:8
+msgid "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] name"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] name"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:40
+msgid "suppress error message for non-symbolic (detached) refs"
+msgstr ""
+"unterdrückt Fehlermeldungen für nicht-symbolische (losgelöste) Referenzen"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:41
+msgid "delete symbolic ref"
+msgstr "löscht symbolische Referenzen"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:42
+msgid "shorten ref output"
+msgstr "verkürzte Ausgabe der Referenzen"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:18
+msgid "reason"
+msgstr "Grund"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:18
+msgid "reason of the update"
+msgstr "Grund für die Aktualisierung"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:22
+msgid ""
+"git tag [-a|-s|-u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <msg>|-F <file>] <tagname> [<head>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git tag [-a|-s|-u <Schlüssel-id>] [-f] [-m <Nachricht>|-F <Datei>] "
+"<Markierungsname> [<Zweig>]"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:23
+msgid "git tag -d <tagname>..."
+msgstr "git tag -d <Markierungsname>..."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:24
+msgid ""
+"git tag -l [-n[<num>]] [--contains <commit>] [--points-at <object>] \n"
+"\t\t[<pattern>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git tag -l [-n[<Nummer>]] [--contains <Version>] [--points-at <Objekt>] \n"
+"\t\t[<Muster>...]"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:26
+msgid "git tag -v <tagname>..."
+msgstr "git tag -v <Markierungsname>..."
+
 #: builtin/tag.c:60
 #, c-format
 msgid "malformed object at '%s'"
@@ -4682,153 +8921,372 @@
 msgstr "Konnte Markierung '%s' nicht verifizieren"
 
 #: builtin/tag.c:249
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# Write a tag message\n"
-"# Lines starting with '#' will be ignored.\n"
-"#\n"
+"Write a tag message\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# Gebe eine Markierungsbeschreibung ein\n"
-"# Zeilen, die mit '#' beginnen, werden ignoriert.\n"
-"#\n"
+"Geben Sie eine Markierungsbeschreibung ein.\n"
+"Zeilen, die mit '%c' beginnen, werden ignoriert.\n"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:256
+#: builtin/tag.c:253
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# Write a tag message\n"
-"# Lines starting with '#' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you "
+"Write a tag message\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you "
 "want to.\n"
-"#\n"
 msgstr ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# Gebe eine Markierungsbeschreibung ein\n"
-"# Zeilen, die mit '#' beginnen, werden behalten; du darfst diese\n"
-"# selbst entfernen wenn du möchtest.\n"
-"#\n"
+"Geben Sie eine Markierungsbeschreibung ein.\n"
+"Zeilen, die mit '%c' beginnen, werden behalten; Sie dürfen diese\n"
+"selbst entfernen wenn Sie möchten.\n"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:298
+#: builtin/tag.c:292
 msgid "unable to sign the tag"
 msgstr "konnte Markierung nicht signieren"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:300
+#: builtin/tag.c:294
 msgid "unable to write tag file"
 msgstr "konnte Markierungsdatei nicht schreiben"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:325
+#: builtin/tag.c:319
 msgid "bad object type."
 msgstr "ungültiger Objekt-Typ"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:338
+#: builtin/tag.c:332
 msgid "tag header too big."
 msgstr "Markierungskopf zu groß."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:370
+#: builtin/tag.c:368
 msgid "no tag message?"
 msgstr "keine Markierungsbeschreibung?"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:376
+#: builtin/tag.c:374
 #, c-format
 msgid "The tag message has been left in %s\n"
 msgstr "Die Markierungsbeschreibung wurde gelassen in %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:425
+#: builtin/tag.c:423
 msgid "switch 'points-at' requires an object"
 msgstr "Option 'points-at' erfordert ein Objekt"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:427
+#: builtin/tag.c:425
 #, c-format
 msgid "malformed object name '%s'"
 msgstr "fehlerhafter Objekt-Name '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:506
+#: builtin/tag.c:445
+msgid "list tag names"
+msgstr "listet Markierungsnamen auf"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:447
+msgid "print <n> lines of each tag message"
+msgstr "zeigt <n> Zeilen jeder Markierungsbeschreibung"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:449
+msgid "delete tags"
+msgstr "löscht Markierungen"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:450
+msgid "verify tags"
+msgstr "überprüft Markierungen"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:452
+msgid "Tag creation options"
+msgstr "Optionen für Erstellung von Markierungen"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:454
+msgid "annotated tag, needs a message"
+msgstr "annotierte Markierung, benötigt eine Beschreibung"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:456
+msgid "tag message"
+msgstr "Markierungsbeschreibung"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:458
+msgid "annotated and GPG-signed tag"
+msgstr "annotierte und GPG-signierte Markierung"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:462
+msgid "use another key to sign the tag"
+msgstr "verwendet einen anderen Schlüssel um die Markierung zu signieren"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:463
+msgid "replace the tag if exists"
+msgstr "ersetzt die Markierung, wenn sie existiert"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:464
+msgid "show tag list in columns"
+msgstr "zeigt Liste der Markierungen in Spalten"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:466
+msgid "Tag listing options"
+msgstr "Optionen für Auflistung der Markierungen"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:469
+msgid "print only tags that contain the commit"
+msgstr "gibt nur Markierungen aus, die diese Version beinhalten"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:475
+msgid "print only tags of the object"
+msgstr "gibt nur Markierungen von dem Objekt aus"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:504
 msgid "--column and -n are incompatible"
 msgstr "--column und -n sind inkompatibel"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:523
+#: builtin/tag.c:521
 msgid "-n option is only allowed with -l."
 msgstr "-n Option ist nur erlaubt mit -l."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:525
+#: builtin/tag.c:523
 msgid "--contains option is only allowed with -l."
 msgstr "--contains Option ist nur erlaubt mit -l."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:527
+#: builtin/tag.c:525
 msgid "--points-at option is only allowed with -l."
 msgstr "--points-at Option ist nur erlaubt mit -l."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:535
+#: builtin/tag.c:533
 msgid "only one -F or -m option is allowed."
 msgstr "nur eine -F oder -m Option ist erlaubt."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:555
+#: builtin/tag.c:553
 msgid "too many params"
 msgstr "zu viele Parameter"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:561
+#: builtin/tag.c:559
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' is not a valid tag name."
 msgstr "'%s' ist kein gültiger Markierungsname."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:566
+#: builtin/tag.c:564
 #, c-format
 msgid "tag '%s' already exists"
 msgstr "Markierung '%s' existiert bereits"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:584
+#: builtin/tag.c:582
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: cannot lock the ref"
 msgstr "%s: kann Referenz nicht sperren"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:586
+#: builtin/tag.c:584
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: cannot update the ref"
 msgstr "%s: kann Referenz nicht aktualisieren"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:588
+#: builtin/tag.c:586
 #, c-format
 msgid "Updated tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
 msgstr "Aktualisierte Markierung '%s' (war %s)\n"
 
-#: git.c:16
-msgid "See 'git help <command>' for more information on a specific command."
+#: builtin/update-index.c:401
+msgid "git update-index [options] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git update-index [Optionen] [--] [<Datei>...]"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:718
+msgid "continue refresh even when index needs update"
 msgstr ""
-"Siehe 'git help <Kommando>' für weitere Informationen zu einem spezifischen "
-"Kommando"
+"Aktualisierung fortsetzen, auch wenn die Bereitstellung aktualisiert werden "
+"muss"
 
-#: parse-options.h:133 parse-options.h:235
-msgid "n"
-msgstr "Anzahl"
+#: builtin/update-index.c:721
+msgid "refresh: ignore submodules"
+msgstr "Aktualisierung: ignoriert Unterprojekte"
 
-#: parse-options.h:141
-msgid "time"
-msgstr "Zeit"
+#: builtin/update-index.c:724
+msgid "do not ignore new files"
+msgstr "ignoriert keine neuen Dateien"
 
-#: parse-options.h:149
-msgid "file"
-msgstr "Datei"
+#: builtin/update-index.c:726
+msgid "let files replace directories and vice-versa"
+msgstr "lässt Dateien Verzeichnisse ersetzen, und umgedreht"
 
-#: parse-options.h:151
-msgid "when"
-msgstr "wann"
+#: builtin/update-index.c:728
+msgid "notice files missing from worktree"
+msgstr "beachtet fehlende Dateien im Arbeitsbaum"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:730
+msgid "refresh even if index contains unmerged entries"
+msgstr ""
+"aktualisiert, auch wenn die Bereitstellung nicht zusammengeführte Einträge "
+"beinhaltet"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:733
+msgid "refresh stat information"
+msgstr "aktualisiert Dateiinformationen"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:737
+msgid "like --refresh, but ignore assume-unchanged setting"
+msgstr "wie --refresh, ignoriert aber \"assume-unchanged\" Einstellung"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:741
+msgid "<mode> <object> <path>"
+msgstr "<Modus> <Objekt> <Pfad>"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:742
+msgid "add the specified entry to the index"
+msgstr "stellt den angegebenen Eintrag zur Eintragung bereit"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:746
+msgid "(+/-)x"
+msgstr "(+/-)x"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:747
+msgid "override the executable bit of the listed files"
+msgstr "überschreibt das \"ausführbar\"-Bit der aufgelisteten Dateien"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:751
+msgid "mark files as \"not changing\""
+msgstr "betrachte diese Datei immer als unverändert"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:754
+msgid "clear assumed-unchanged bit"
+msgstr "löscht \"assumed-unchanged\"-Bit"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:757
+msgid "mark files as \"index-only\""
+msgstr "markiert Dateien als \"index-only\""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:760
+msgid "clear skip-worktree bit"
+msgstr "löscht \"skip-worktree\"-Bit"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:763
+msgid "add to index only; do not add content to object database"
+msgstr ""
+"fügt nur der Bereitstellung hinzu; Inhalt wird nicht der Objekt-Datenbank "
+"hinzugefügt"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:765
+msgid "remove named paths even if present in worktree"
+msgstr "löscht benannte Pfade, auch wenn sie sich im Arbeitsbaum befinden"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:767
+msgid "with --stdin: input lines are terminated by null bytes"
+msgstr "mit --stdin: eingegebene Zeilen sind durch NUL-Bytes abgeschlossen"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:769
+msgid "read list of paths to be updated from standard input"
+msgstr "liest Liste der zu aktualisierenden Pfade von der Standard-Eingabe"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:773
+msgid "add entries from standard input to the index"
+msgstr "fügt Einträge von der Standard-Eingabe der Bereitstellung hinzu"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:777
+msgid "repopulate stages #2 and #3 for the listed paths"
+msgstr ""
+"wiederholtes Einpflegen der Zustände #2 und #3 für die aufgelisteten Pfade"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:781
+msgid "only update entries that differ from HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+"aktualisiert nur Einträge, die unterschiedlich zur Zweigspitze (HEAD) sind"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:785
+msgid "ignore files missing from worktree"
+msgstr "ignoriert fehlende Dateien im Arbeitsbaum"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:788
+msgid "report actions to standard output"
+msgstr "gibt die Aktionen in der Standard-Ausgabe aus"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:790
+msgid "(for porcelains) forget saved unresolved conflicts"
+msgstr "(für Fremdprogramme) keine gespeicherten, nicht aufgelöste Konflikte"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:794
+msgid "write index in this format"
+msgstr "schreibt Bereitstellungsdatei in diesem Format"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:7
+msgid "git update-ref [options] -d <refname> [<oldval>]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [Optionen] -d <Referenzname> [<alterWert>]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:8
+msgid "git update-ref [options]    <refname> <newval> [<oldval>]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [Optionen]    <Referenzname> <neuerWert> [<alterWert>]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:19
+msgid "delete the reference"
+msgstr "löscht diese Referenz"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:21
+msgid "update <refname> not the one it points to"
+msgstr "aktualisiert <Referenzname>, nicht den Verweis"
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:6
+msgid "git update-server-info [--force]"
+msgstr "git update-server-info [--force]"
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:14
+msgid "update the info files from scratch"
+msgstr "aktualisiert die Informationsdateien von Grund auf"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:56
+msgid "git verify-pack [-v|--verbose] [-s|--stat-only] <pack>..."
+msgstr "git verify-pack [-v|--verbose] [-s|--stat-only] <Paket>..."
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:66
+msgid "verbose"
+msgstr "erweiterte Ausgaben"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:68
+msgid "show statistics only"
+msgstr "zeigt nur Statistiken"
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:17
+msgid "git verify-tag [-v|--verbose] <tag>..."
+msgstr "git verify-tag [-v|--verbose] <Markierung>..."
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:73
+msgid "print tag contents"
+msgstr "gibt Markierungsinhalte aus"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:13
+msgid "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<prefix>/]"
+msgstr "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<Prefix>/]"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:26
+msgid "<prefix>/"
+msgstr "<Prefix>/"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:27
+msgid "write tree object for a subdirectory <prefix>"
+msgstr "schreibt das Baumobjekt für ein Unterverzeichnis <Prefix>"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:30
+msgid "only useful for debugging"
+msgstr "nur nützlich für Fehlersuche"
+
+#: git.c:16
+msgid ""
+"'git help -a' and 'git help -g' lists available subcommands and some\n"
+"concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>'\n"
+"to read about a specific subcommand or concept."
+msgstr ""
+"'git help -a' und 'git help -g' listet verfügbare Unterkommandos und\n"
+"einige Anleitungen zu Git-Konzepten auf. Benutzen Sie 'git help <Kommando>'\n"
+"oder 'git help <Konzept>' um mehr über ein spezifisches Kommando oder\n"
+"Konzept zu erfahren."
 
 #: parse-options.h:156
 msgid "no-op (backward compatibility)"
 msgstr "Kein Effekt (Rückwärtskompatibilität)"
 
-#: parse-options.h:228
+#: parse-options.h:232
 msgid "be more verbose"
 msgstr "erweiterte Ausgaben"
 
-#: parse-options.h:230
+#: parse-options.h:234
 msgid "be more quiet"
 msgstr "weniger Ausgaben"
 
-#: parse-options.h:236
+#: parse-options.h:240
 msgid "use <n> digits to display SHA-1s"
 msgstr "benutze <n> Ziffern zur Anzeige von SHA-1s"
 
@@ -4870,7 +9328,7 @@
 msgstr "Stellt Zeilen dar, die einem Muster entsprechen"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:17
-msgid "Create an empty git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
+msgid "Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
 msgstr ""
 "Erstellt ein leeres Git-Projektarchiv oder initialisiert ein bestehendes neu"
 
@@ -4904,8 +9362,7 @@
 
 #: common-cmds.h:24
 msgid "Reset current HEAD to the specified state"
-msgstr ""
-"Setzt die aktuelle Zweigspitze (HEAD) zu einem spezifizierten Zustand zurück"
+msgstr "Setzt die aktuelle Zweigspitze (HEAD) zu einem spezifizierten Zustand"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:25
 msgid "Remove files from the working tree and from the index"
@@ -4927,29 +9384,29 @@
 
 #: git-am.sh:50
 msgid "You need to set your committer info first"
-msgstr "Du musst zuerst die Informationen des Eintragenden setzen."
+msgstr "Sie müssen zuerst die Informationen des Eintragenden setzen."
 
 #: git-am.sh:95
 msgid ""
 "You seem to have moved HEAD since the last 'am' failure.\n"
 "Not rewinding to ORIG_HEAD"
 msgstr ""
-"Du scheinst seit dem letzten gescheiterten 'am' die Zweigspitze (HEAD)\n"
+"Sie scheinen seit dem letzten gescheiterten 'am' die Zweigspitze (HEAD)\n"
 "geändert zu haben.\n"
 "Keine Zurücksetzung zu ORIG_HEAD."
 
 #: git-am.sh:105
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
-"When you have resolved this problem run \"$cmdline --resolved\".\n"
-"If you would prefer to skip this patch, instead run \"$cmdline --skip\".\n"
-"To restore the original branch and stop patching run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
+"When you have resolved this problem, run \"$cmdline --resolved\".\n"
+"If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"$cmdline --skip\" instead.\n"
+"To restore the original branch and stop patching, run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
 msgstr ""
-"Wenn du das Problem aufgelöst hast, führe \"$cmdline --resolved\" aus.\n"
-"Falls du diesen Patch auslassen möchtest, führe stattdessen "
+"Wenn Sie das Problem gelöst haben, führen Sie \"$cmdline --resolved\" aus.\n"
+"Falls Sie diesen Patch auslassen möchten, führen Sie stattdessen\n"
 "\"$cmdline --skip\" aus.\n"
-"Um den ursprünglichen Zweig wiederherzustellen und die Anwendung der Patches\n"
-"abzubrechen, führe \"$cmdline --abort\" aus."
+"Um den ursprünglichen Zweig wiederherzustellen und die Anwendung der\n"
+"Patches abzubrechen, führen Sie \"$cmdline --abort\" aus."
 
 #: git-am.sh:121
 msgid "Cannot fall back to three-way merge."
@@ -4961,57 +9418,71 @@
 "Dem Projektarchiv fehlen notwendige Blobs um auf eine 3-Wege-Zusammenführung "
 "zurückzufallen."
 
+#: git-am.sh:139
+msgid "Using index info to reconstruct a base tree..."
+msgstr ""
+"Verwende Informationen aus der Bereitstellung um einen Basisbaum "
+"nachzustellen"
+
 #: git-am.sh:154
 msgid ""
 "Did you hand edit your patch?\n"
 "It does not apply to blobs recorded in its index."
 msgstr ""
-"Hast du den Patch per Hand editiert?\n"
+"Haben Sie den Patch per Hand editiert?\n"
 "Er kann nicht auf die Blobs in seiner 'index' Zeile angewendet werden."
 
 #: git-am.sh:163
 msgid "Falling back to patching base and 3-way merge..."
 msgstr "Falle zurück zum Patchen der Basis und der 3-Wege-Zusammenführung..."
 
-#: git-am.sh:275
+#: git-am.sh:179
+msgid "Failed to merge in the changes."
+msgstr "Zusammenführung der Änderungen fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: git-am.sh:274
 msgid "Only one StGIT patch series can be applied at once"
 msgstr "Es kann nur eine StGIT Patch-Serie auf einmal angewendet werden."
 
-#: git-am.sh:362
+#: git-am.sh:361
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Patch format $patch_format is not supported."
 msgstr "Patch-Format $patch_format wird nicht unterstützt."
 
-#: git-am.sh:364
+#: git-am.sh:363
 msgid "Patch format detection failed."
 msgstr "Patch-Formaterkennung fehlgeschlagen."
 
-#: git-am.sh:418
-msgid "-d option is no longer supported.  Do not use."
-msgstr "-d Option wird nicht länger unterstützt. Nicht benutzen."
+#: git-am.sh:389
+msgid ""
+"The -b/--binary option has been a no-op for long time, and\n"
+"it will be removed. Please do not use it anymore."
+msgstr ""
+"Die -b/--binary Option hat seit Langem keinen Effekt und wird\n"
+"entfernt. Bitte nicht mehr verwenden."
 
-#: git-am.sh:481
+#: git-am.sh:477
 #, sh-format
 msgid "previous rebase directory $dotest still exists but mbox given."
 msgstr ""
 "Vorheriges Verzeichnis des Neuaufbaus $dotest existiert noch, aber mbox "
 "gegeben."
 
-#: git-am.sh:486
+#: git-am.sh:482
 msgid "Please make up your mind. --skip or --abort?"
-msgstr "Bitte werde dir klar. --skip oder --abort?"
+msgstr "Bitte werden Sie sich klar. --skip oder --abort?"
 
-#: git-am.sh:513
+#: git-am.sh:509
 msgid "Resolve operation not in progress, we are not resuming."
 msgstr "Es ist keine Auflösung im Gange, es wird nicht fortgesetzt."
 
-#: git-am.sh:579
+#: git-am.sh:575
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Dirty index: cannot apply patches (dirty: $files)"
 msgstr ""
 "Unsaubere Bereitstellung: kann Patches nicht anwenden (unsauber: $files)"
 
-#: git-am.sh:671
+#: git-am.sh:679
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "Patch is empty.  Was it split wrong?\n"
@@ -5019,79 +9490,89 @@
 "To restore the original branch and stop patching run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
 msgstr ""
 "Patch ist leer. Wurde er falsch aufgeteilt?\n"
-"Wenn du diesen Patch auslassen möchtest, führe stattdessen "
+"Wenn Sie diesen Patch auslassen möchten, führen Sie stattdessen\n"
 "\"$cmdline --skip\" aus.\n"
-"Um den ursprünglichen Zweig wiederherzustellen und die Anwendung der Patches\n"
-"abzubrechen, führe \"$cmdline --abort\" aus."
+"Um den ursprünglichen Zweig wiederherzustellen und die Anwendung der "
+"Patches\n"
+"abzubrechen, führen Sie \"$cmdline --abort\" aus."
 
-#: git-am.sh:708
+#: git-am.sh:706
 msgid "Patch does not have a valid e-mail address."
-msgstr "Patch enthält keine gültige eMail-Adresse."
+msgstr "Patch enthält keine gültige Email-Adresse."
 
-#: git-am.sh:755
+#: git-am.sh:753
 msgid "cannot be interactive without stdin connected to a terminal."
 msgstr ""
 "Kann nicht interaktiv sein, ohne dass die Standard-Eingabe mit einem "
 "Terminal verbunden ist."
 
-#: git-am.sh:759
+#: git-am.sh:757
 msgid "Commit Body is:"
 msgstr "Beschreibung der Eintragung ist:"
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [y], [n], [e], [v] and [a]
 #. in your translation. The program will only accept English
 #. input at this point.
-#: git-am.sh:766
+#: git-am.sh:764
 msgid "Apply? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all "
 msgstr "Anwenden? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all "
 
-#: git-am.sh:802
+#: git-am.sh:800
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Applying: $FIRSTLINE"
 msgstr "Wende an: $FIRSTLINE"
 
-#: git-am.sh:823
+#: git-am.sh:821
 msgid ""
 "No changes - did you forget to use 'git add'?\n"
 "If there is nothing left to stage, chances are that something else\n"
 "already introduced the same changes; you might want to skip this patch."
 msgstr ""
-"Keine Änderungen - hast du vergessen 'git add' zu benutzen?\n"
+"Keine Änderungen - haben Sie vergessen 'git add' zu benutzen?\n"
 "Wenn keine Änderungen mehr zum Bereitstellen vorhanden sind, könnten\n"
-"diese bereits anderweitig eingefügt worden sein; du könntest diesen Patch\n"
+"diese bereits anderweitig eingefügt worden sein; Sie könnten diesen Patch\n"
 "auslassen."
 
-#: git-am.sh:831
+#: git-am.sh:829
 msgid ""
 "You still have unmerged paths in your index\n"
 "did you forget to use 'git add'?"
 msgstr ""
-"Du hast immer noch nicht zusammengeführte Pfade in der Bereitstellung.\n"
-"Hast du vergessen 'git add' zu benutzen?"
+"Sie haben immer noch nicht zusammengeführte Pfade in der Bereitstellung.\n"
+"Haben Sie vergessen 'git add' zu benutzen?"
 
-#: git-am.sh:847
+#: git-am.sh:845
 msgid "No changes -- Patch already applied."
 msgstr "Keine Änderungen -- Patches bereits angewendet."
 
-#: git-am.sh:857
+#: git-am.sh:855
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Patch failed at $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
 msgstr "Anwendung des Patches fehlgeschlagen bei $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
 
-#: git-am.sh:873
+#: git-am.sh:858
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"The copy of the patch that failed is found in:\n"
+"   $dotest/patch"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Kopie des fehlgeschlagenen Patches befindet sich in:\n"
+"   $dotest/patch"
+
+#: git-am.sh:876
 msgid "applying to an empty history"
 msgstr "wende zu leerer Historie an"
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:48
 msgid "You need to start by \"git bisect start\""
-msgstr "Du musst mit \"git bisect start\" beginnen."
+msgstr "Sie müssen mit \"git bisect start\" beginnen."
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
 #. translation. The program will only accept English input
 #. at this point.
 #: git-bisect.sh:54
 msgid "Do you want me to do it for you [Y/n]? "
-msgstr "Willst du, dass ich es für dich mache [Y/n]? "
+msgstr "Wollen Sie, dass ich es für Sie mache [Y/n]? "
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:95
 #, sh-format
@@ -5101,7 +9582,7 @@
 #: git-bisect.sh:99
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$arg' does not appear to be a valid revision"
-msgstr "'$arg' scheint keine gültige Version zu sein"
+msgstr "'$arg' scheint keine gültige Revision zu sein"
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:117
 msgid "Bad HEAD - I need a HEAD"
@@ -5112,12 +9593,12 @@
 msgid ""
 "Checking out '$start_head' failed. Try 'git bisect reset <validbranch>'."
 msgstr ""
-"Auschecken von '$start_head' fehlgeschlagen. Versuche 'git bisect reset "
+"Auschecken von '$start_head' fehlgeschlagen. Versuchen Sie 'git bisect reset "
 "<gueltigerzweig>'."
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:140
 msgid "won't bisect on seeked tree"
-msgstr "\"bisect\" auf gesuchtem Zweig nicht möglich"
+msgstr "binäre Suche auf gesuchtem Zweig nicht möglich"
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:144
 msgid "Bad HEAD - strange symbolic ref"
@@ -5135,7 +9616,7 @@
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:232
 msgid "Please call 'bisect_state' with at least one argument."
-msgstr "Bitte rufe 'bisect_state' mit mindestens einem Argument auf."
+msgstr "Bitte rufen Sie 'bisect_state' mit mindestens einem Argument auf."
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:244
 #, sh-format
@@ -5150,22 +9631,22 @@
 #. this is less optimum.
 #: git-bisect.sh:273
 msgid "Warning: bisecting only with a bad commit."
-msgstr "Warnung: halbiere nur mit einer fehlerhaften Version"
+msgstr "Warnung: binäre Suche nur mit einer fehlerhaften Version"
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
 #. translation. The program will only accept English input
 #. at this point.
 #: git-bisect.sh:279
 msgid "Are you sure [Y/n]? "
-msgstr "Bist du sicher [Y/n]? "
+msgstr "Sind Sie sicher [Y/n]? "
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:289
 msgid ""
 "You need to give me at least one good and one bad revisions.\n"
 "(You can use \"git bisect bad\" and \"git bisect good\" for that.)"
 msgstr ""
-"Du musst mindestens eine korrekte und eine fehlerhafte Version angeben.\n"
-"(Du kannst dafür \"git bisect bad\" und \"git bisect good\" benutzen.)"
+"Sie müssen mindestens eine korrekte und eine fehlerhafte Revision angeben.\n"
+"(Sie können dafür \"git bisect bad\" und \"git bisect good\" benutzen.)"
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:292
 msgid ""
@@ -5173,72 +9654,72 @@
 "You then need to give me at least one good and one bad revisions.\n"
 "(You can use \"git bisect bad\" and \"git bisect good\" for that.)"
 msgstr ""
-"Du musst mit \"git bisect start\" beginnen.\n"
-"Danach musst du mindestens eine korrekte und eine fehlerhafte Version "
+"Sie müssen mit \"git bisect start\" beginnen.\n"
+"Danach müssen Sie mindestens eine korrekte und eine fehlerhafte Revision "
 "angeben.\n"
-"(Du kannst dafür \"git bisect bad\" und \"git bisect good\" benutzen.)"
+"(Sie können dafür \"git bisect bad\" und \"git bisect good\" benutzen.)"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:347 git-bisect.sh:474
+#: git-bisect.sh:363 git-bisect.sh:490
 msgid "We are not bisecting."
-msgstr "Wir sind nicht beim Halbieren."
+msgstr "keine binäre Suche im Gange"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:354
+#: git-bisect.sh:370
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$invalid' is not a valid commit"
 msgstr "'$invalid' ist keine gültige Version"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:363
+#: git-bisect.sh:379
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "Could not check out original HEAD '$branch'.\n"
 "Try 'git bisect reset <commit>'."
 msgstr ""
 "Konnte die ursprüngliche Zweigspitze (HEAD) '$branch' nicht auschecken.\n"
-"Versuche 'git bisect reset <Version>'."
+"Versuchen Sie 'git bisect reset <Version>'."
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:390
+#: git-bisect.sh:406
 msgid "No logfile given"
 msgstr "Keine Log-Datei gegeben"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:391
+#: git-bisect.sh:407
 #, sh-format
 msgid "cannot read $file for replaying"
 msgstr "kann $file nicht für das Abspielen lesen"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:408
+#: git-bisect.sh:424
 msgid "?? what are you talking about?"
-msgstr "?? Was redest du da?"
+msgstr "?? Was reden Sie da?"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:420
+#: git-bisect.sh:436
 #, sh-format
 msgid "running $command"
 msgstr "führe $command aus"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:427
+#: git-bisect.sh:443
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "bisect run failed:\n"
 "exit code $res from '$command' is < 0 or >= 128"
 msgstr ""
-"Ausführung der Halbierung fehlgeschlagen:\n"
+"'bisect run' fehlgeschlagen:\n"
 "Rückkehrwert $res von '$command' ist < 0 oder >= 128"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:453
+#: git-bisect.sh:469
 msgid "bisect run cannot continue any more"
-msgstr "Ausführung der Halbierung kann nicht mehr fortgesetzt werden"
+msgstr "'bisect run' kann nicht mehr fortgesetzt werden"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:459
+#: git-bisect.sh:475
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "bisect run failed:\n"
 "'bisect_state $state' exited with error code $res"
 msgstr ""
-"Ausführung der Halbierung fehlgeschlagen:\n"
+"'bisect run' fehlgeschlagen:\n"
 "'bisect_state $state' wurde mit Fehlerwert $res beendet"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:466
+#: git-bisect.sh:482
 msgid "bisect run success"
-msgstr "Halbierung erfolgreich ausgeführt"
+msgstr "'bisect run' erfolgreich ausgeführt"
 
 #: git-pull.sh:21
 msgid ""
@@ -5246,16 +9727,18 @@
 "Please, fix them up in the work tree, and then use 'git add/rm <file>'\n"
 "as appropriate to mark resolution, or use 'git commit -a'."
 msgstr ""
-"\"pull\" ist nicht möglich, weil du nicht zusammengeführte Dateien hast.\n"
-"Bitte korrigiere dies im Arbeitsbaum und benutze dann 'git add/rm <Datei>'\n"
-"um die Auflösung entsprechend zu markieren, oder benutze 'git commit -a'."
+"\"pull\" ist nicht möglich, weil Sie nicht zusammengeführte Dateien haben.\n"
+"Bitte korrigieren Sie dies im Arbeitsbaum und benutzen Sie dann 'git add/rm "
+"<Datei>'\n"
+"um die Auflösung entsprechend zu markieren, oder benutzen Sie 'git commit -"
+"a'."
 
 #: git-pull.sh:25
 msgid "Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files."
 msgstr ""
-"\"pull\" ist nicht möglich, weil du nicht zusammengeführte Dateien hast."
+"\"pull\" ist nicht möglich, weil Sie nicht zusammengeführte Dateien haben."
 
-#: git-pull.sh:197
+#: git-pull.sh:203
 msgid "updating an unborn branch with changes added to the index"
 msgstr ""
 "Aktualisiere eine ungeborenen Zweig mit Änderungen, die zur Bereitstellung "
@@ -5265,7 +9748,7 @@
 #. The working tree and the index file is still based on the
 #. $orig_head commit, but we are merging into $curr_head.
 #. First update the working tree to match $curr_head.
-#: git-pull.sh:228
+#: git-pull.sh:235
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "Warning: fetch updated the current branch head.\n"
@@ -5273,23 +9756,155 @@
 "Warning: commit $orig_head."
 msgstr ""
 "Warnung: Die Anforderung aktualisierte die Spitze des aktuellen Zweiges.\n"
-"Warnung: Spule deinen Arbeitszweig von Version $orig_head vor."
+"Warnung: Spule Ihren Arbeitszweig von Version $orig_head vor."
 
-#: git-pull.sh:253
+#: git-pull.sh:260
 msgid "Cannot merge multiple branches into empty head"
 msgstr "Kann nicht mehrere Zweige in einen ungeborenen Zweig zusammenführen"
 
-#: git-pull.sh:257
+#: git-pull.sh:264
 msgid "Cannot rebase onto multiple branches"
 msgstr "kann nicht auf mehrere Zweige neu aufbauen"
 
+#: git-rebase.sh:53
+msgid ""
+"When you have resolved this problem, run \"git rebase --continue\".\n"
+"If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"git rebase --skip\" instead.\n"
+"To check out the original branch and stop rebasing, run \"git rebase --abort"
+"\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn Sie das Problem aufgelöst haben, führen Sie \"git rebase --continue\" "
+"aus.\n"
+"Falls Sie diesen Patch auslassen möchten, führen Sie stattdessen \"git "
+"rebase --skip\" aus.\n"
+"Um den ursprünglichen Zweig wiederherzustellen und den Neuaufbau "
+"abzubrechen,\n"
+"führen Sie \"git rebase --abort\" aus."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:160
+msgid "The pre-rebase hook refused to rebase."
+msgstr "Der \"pre-rebase hook\" hat den Neuaufbau zurückgewiesen."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:165
+msgid "It looks like git-am is in progress. Cannot rebase."
+msgstr "\"git-am\" scheint im Gange zu sein. Kann nicht neu aufbauen."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:296
+msgid "The --exec option must be used with the --interactive option"
+msgstr "Die Option --exec muss mit --interactive verwendet werden."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:301
+msgid "No rebase in progress?"
+msgstr "Kein Neuaufbau im Gange?"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:312
+msgid "The --edit-todo action can only be used during interactive rebase."
+msgstr ""
+"Die --edit-todo Aktion kann nur während eines interaktiven Neuaufbaus "
+"verwendet werden."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:319
+msgid "Cannot read HEAD"
+msgstr "Kann Zweigspitze (HEAD) nicht lesen"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:322
+msgid ""
+"You must edit all merge conflicts and then\n"
+"mark them as resolved using git add"
+msgstr ""
+"Sie müssen alle Zusammenführungskonflikte editieren und diese dann\n"
+"mittels \"git add\" als aufgelöst markieren"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:340
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not move back to $head_name"
+msgstr "Konnte nicht zu $head_name zurückgehen"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:359
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"It seems that there is already a $state_dir_base directory, and\n"
+"I wonder if you are in the middle of another rebase.  If that is the\n"
+"case, please try\n"
+"\t$cmd_live_rebase\n"
+"If that is not the case, please\n"
+"\t$cmd_clear_stale_rebase\n"
+"and run me again.  I am stopping in case you still have something\n"
+"valuable there."
+msgstr ""
+"Es sieht so aus, als ob es das Verzeichnis $state_dir_base bereits gibt\n"
+"und es könnte ein anderer Neuaufbau im Gange sein. Wenn das der Fall ist,\n"
+"probieren Sie bitte\n"
+"\t$cmd_live_rebase\n"
+"Wenn das nicht der Fall ist, probieren Sie bitte\n"
+"\t$cmd_clear_stale_rebase\n"
+"und führen Sie dieses Kommando nochmal aus. Es wird angehalten, falls noch\n"
+"etwas Schützenswertes vorhanden ist."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:404
+#, sh-format
+msgid "invalid upstream $upstream_name"
+msgstr "ungültiger Übernahmezweig $upstream_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:428
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there are more than one merge bases"
+msgstr "$onto_name: es gibt mehr als eine Zusammenführungsbasis"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:431 git-rebase.sh:435
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there is no merge base"
+msgstr "$onto_name: es gibt keine Zusammenführungsbasis"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:440
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Does not point to a valid commit: $onto_name"
+msgstr "$onto_name zeigt auf keine gültige Version"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:463
+#, sh-format
+msgid "fatal: no such branch: $branch_name"
+msgstr "fatal: Zweig $branch_name nicht gefunden"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:483
+msgid "Please commit or stash them."
+msgstr "Bitte tragen Sie die Änderungen ein oder benutzen Sie \"stash\"."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:501
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date."
+msgstr "Aktueller Zweig $branch_name ist auf dem neusten Stand."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:504
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date, rebase forced."
+msgstr ""
+"Aktueller Zweig $branch_name ist auf dem neusten Stand, Neuaufbau erzwungen."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:515
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Changes from $mb to $onto:"
+msgstr "Änderungen von $mb zu $onto:"
+
+#. Detach HEAD and reset the tree
+#: git-rebase.sh:524
+msgid "First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it..."
+msgstr ""
+"Zunächst wird die Zweigspitze zurückgespult, um Ihre Änderungen\n"
+"darauf neu anzuwenden..."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:532
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Fast-forwarded $branch_name to $onto_name."
+msgstr "$branch_name zu $onto_name vorgespult."
+
 #: git-stash.sh:51
 msgid "git stash clear with parameters is unimplemented"
 msgstr "git stash clear mit Parametern ist nicht implementiert"
 
 #: git-stash.sh:74
 msgid "You do not have the initial commit yet"
-msgstr "Du hast bisher noch keine initiale Version"
+msgstr "Sie haben bisher noch keine initiale Version"
 
 #: git-stash.sh:89
 msgid "Cannot save the current index state"
@@ -5305,7 +9920,7 @@
 
 #: git-stash.sh:143
 msgid "Cannot remove temporary index (can't happen)"
-msgstr "Kann temporäre Bereitstellung nicht entfernen (kann nicht passieren)"
+msgstr "Kann temporäre Bereitstellung nicht löschen (kann nicht passieren)"
 
 #: git-stash.sh:156
 msgid "Cannot record working tree state"
@@ -5328,7 +9943,7 @@
 "       To provide a message, use git stash save -- '$option'"
 msgstr ""
 "Fehler: unbekannte Option für 'stash save': $option\n"
-"        Um eine Beschreibung anzugeben, benutze \"git stash save -- "
+"        Um eine Beschreibung anzugeben, benutzen Sie \"git stash save -- "
 "'$option'\""
 
 #: git-stash.sh:223
@@ -5345,7 +9960,7 @@
 
 #: git-stash.sh:253
 msgid "Cannot remove worktree changes"
-msgstr "Kann Änderungen am Arbeitsbaum nicht entfernen"
+msgstr "Kann Änderungen am Arbeitsbaum nicht löschen"
 
 #: git-stash.sh:352
 msgid "No stash found."
@@ -5382,7 +9997,7 @@
 
 #: git-stash.sh:424
 msgid "Conflicts in index. Try without --index."
-msgstr "Konflikte in der Bereitstellung. Versuche es ohne --index."
+msgstr "Konflikte in der Bereitstellung. Versuchen Sie es ohne --index."
 
 #: git-stash.sh:426
 msgid "Could not save index tree"
@@ -5392,231 +10007,465 @@
 msgid "Cannot unstage modified files"
 msgstr "Kann geänderte Dateien nicht aus der Bereitstellung herausnehmen"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:474
+#: git-stash.sh:475
 msgid "Index was not unstashed."
 msgstr "Bereitstellung wurde nicht ausgelagert."
 
-#: git-stash.sh:491
+#: git-stash.sh:492
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Dropped ${REV} ($s)"
 msgstr "Gelöscht ${REV} ($s)"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:492
+#: git-stash.sh:493
 #, sh-format
 msgid "${REV}: Could not drop stash entry"
 msgstr "${REV}: Konnte \"stash\"-Eintrag nicht löschen"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:499
+#: git-stash.sh:500
 msgid "No branch name specified"
 msgstr "Kein Zweigname spezifiziert"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:570
+#: git-stash.sh:571
 msgid "(To restore them type \"git stash apply\")"
-msgstr "(Zur Wiederherstellung gebe \"git stash apply\" ein)"
+msgstr "(Zur Wiederherstellung geben Sie \"git stash apply\" ein)"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:56
+#: git-submodule.sh:91
 #, sh-format
 msgid "cannot strip one component off url '$remoteurl'"
 msgstr "Kann eine Komponente von URL '$remoteurl' nicht extrahieren"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:109
+#: git-submodule.sh:196
 #, sh-format
 msgid "No submodule mapping found in .gitmodules for path '$sm_path'"
 msgstr ""
 "Keine Unterprojekt-Zuordnung in .gitmodules für Pfad '$sm_path' gefunden"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:150
+#: git-submodule.sh:239
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Clone of '$url' into submodule path '$sm_path' failed"
 msgstr "Klonen von '$url' in Unterprojekt-Pfad '$sm_path' fehlgeschlagen"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:160
+#: git-submodule.sh:251
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Gitdir '$a' is part of the submodule path '$b' or vice versa"
 msgstr ""
 "Git-Verzeichnis '$a' ist Teil des Unterprojekt-Pfades '$b', oder umgekehrt"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:249
+#: git-submodule.sh:349
 #, sh-format
 msgid "repo URL: '$repo' must be absolute or begin with ./|../"
 msgstr "repo URL: '$repo' muss absolut sein oder mit ./|../ beginnen"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:266
+#: git-submodule.sh:366
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$sm_path' already exists in the index"
 msgstr "'$sm_path' existiert bereits in der Bereitstellung"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:270
+#: git-submodule.sh:370
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "The following path is ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
 "$sm_path\n"
 "Use -f if you really want to add it."
 msgstr ""
-"Der folgende Pfad wird durch eine deiner \".gitignore\" Dateien "
-"ignoriert:\n"
+"Der folgende Pfad wird durch eine Ihrer \".gitignore\" Dateien ignoriert:\n"
 "$sm_path\n"
-"Benutze -f wenn du diesen wirklich hinzufügen möchtest."
+"Benutzen Sie -f wenn Sie diesen wirklich hinzufügen möchten."
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:281
+#: git-submodule.sh:388
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Adding existing repo at '$sm_path' to the index"
-msgstr "Füge existierendes Projektarchiv in '$sm_path' der Bereitstellung "
-"hinzu."
+msgstr ""
+"Füge existierendes Projektarchiv in '$sm_path' der Bereitstellung hinzu."
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:283
+#: git-submodule.sh:390
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$sm_path' already exists and is not a valid git repo"
 msgstr "'$sm_path' existiert bereits und ist kein gültiges Git-Projektarchiv"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:297
+#: git-submodule.sh:398
+#, sh-format
+msgid "A git directory for '$sm_name' is found locally with remote(s):"
+msgstr ""
+"Ein Git-Verzeichnis für '$sm_name' wurde lokal gefunden mit den Fernarchiv"
+"(en):"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:400
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to reuse this local git directory instead of cloning again from"
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn Sie dieses lokale Git-Verzeichnis wiederverwenden möchtest, anstatt "
+"erneut zu klonen"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:402
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"use the '--force' option. If the local git directory is not the correct repo"
+msgstr ""
+"benutzen Sie die Option '--force'. Wenn das lokale Git-Verzeichnis nicht das "
+"korrekte Projektarchiv ist"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:403
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"or you are unsure what this means choose another name with the '--name' "
+"option."
+msgstr ""
+"oder Sie sich unsicher sind, was das bedeutet, wählen Sie einen anderen "
+"Namenmit der Option '--name'."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:405
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Reactivating local git directory for submodule '$sm_name'."
+msgstr "Reaktiviere lokales Git-Verzeichnis für Unterprojekt '$sm_name'."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:417
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Unable to checkout submodule '$sm_path'"
 msgstr "Unfähig Unterprojekt '$sm_path' auszuchecken"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:302
+#: git-submodule.sh:422
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Failed to add submodule '$sm_path'"
 msgstr "Hinzufügen von Unterprojekt '$sm_path' fehlgeschlagen"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:307
+#: git-submodule.sh:431
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Failed to register submodule '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Registierung von Unterprojekt '$sm_path' fehlgeschlagen"
+msgstr ""
+"Fehler beim Eintragen von Unterprojekt '$sm_path' in die Konfiguration."
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:349
+#: git-submodule.sh:474
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Entering '$prefix$sm_path'"
 msgstr "Betrete '$prefix$sm_path'"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:363
+#: git-submodule.sh:488
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Stopping at '$sm_path'; script returned non-zero status."
 msgstr "Stoppe bei '$sm_path'; Skript gab nicht-Null Status zurück."
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:406
+#: git-submodule.sh:532
 #, sh-format
 msgid "No url found for submodule path '$sm_path' in .gitmodules"
 msgstr "Keine URL für Unterprojekt-Pfad '$sm_path' in .gitmodules gefunden"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:415
+#: git-submodule.sh:541
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Registrierung der URL für Unterprojekt-Pfad '$sm_path' fehlgeschlagen"
+msgstr ""
+"Fehler beim Eintragen der URL für Unterprojekt-Pfad '$sm_path' in die "
+"Konfiguration."
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:417
+#: git-submodule.sh:543
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) registered for path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Unterprojekt '$name' ($url) ist für Pfad '$sm_path' registriert"
+msgstr ""
+"Unterprojekt '$name' ($url) für Pfad '$sm_path' in die Konfiguration "
+"eingetragen"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:425
+#: git-submodule.sh:551
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '$sm_path'"
 msgstr ""
-"Registrierung des Aktualisierungsmodus für Unterprojekt-Pfad '$sm_path' "
-"fehlgeschlagen"
+"Fehler bei Änderung des Aktualisierungsmodus für Unterprojekt-Pfad "
+"'$sm_path' in der Konfiguration."
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:524
+#: git-submodule.sh:588
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Use '.' if you really want to deinitialize all submodules"
+msgstr ""
+"Verwenden Sie '.' wenn Sie wirklich alle Unterprojekte\n"
+"deinitialisieren möchten."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:603
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule work tree '$sm_path' contains a .git directory"
+msgstr ""
+"Arbeitsbaum des Unterprojekts in '$sm_path' enthält ein .git-Verzeichnis"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:604
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
-"Submodule path '$sm_path' not initialized\n"
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+"(benutzen Sie 'rm -rf' wenn Sie dieses Unterprojekt wirklich mitsamt\n"
+"seiner Historie löschen möchten)"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:610
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule work tree '$sm_path' contains local modifications; use '-f' to "
+"discard them"
+msgstr ""
+"Arbeitsbaum von Unterprojekt in '$sm_path' enthält lokale Änderungen; "
+"verwenden Sie '-f' um diese zu verwerfen"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:613
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cleared directory '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Verzeichnis '$sm_path' bereinigt."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:614
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not remove submodule work tree '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Konnte Arbeitsbaum des Unterprojektes in '$sm_path' nicht löschen."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:617
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not create empty submodule directory '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+"Konnte kein leeres Verzeichnis für Unterprojekt in '$sm_path' erstellen."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:626
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) unregistered for path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+"Unterprojekt '$name' ($url) für Pfad '$sm_path' wurde aus der Konfiguration "
+"entfernt."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:731
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule path '$prefix$sm_path' not initialized\n"
 "Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?"
 msgstr ""
-"Unterprojekt-Pfad '$sm_path' ist nicht initialisiert\n"
-"Vielleicht möchtest du 'update --init' benutzen?"
+"Unterprojekt-Pfad '$prefix$sm_path' ist nicht initialisiert.\n"
+"Vielleicht möchten Sie 'update --init' benutzen?"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:537
+#: git-submodule.sh:744
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Konnte aktuelle Version in Unterprojekt-Pfad '$sm_path' nicht finden"
+msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+"Konnte aktuelle Revision in Unterprojekt-Pfad '$prefix$sm_path' nicht finden."
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:556
+#: git-submodule.sh:753
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$sm_path'"
 msgstr "Konnte in Unterprojekt-Pfad '$sm_path' nicht anfordern"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:570
+#: git-submodule.sh:777
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Neuaufbau von '$sha1' in Unterprojekt-Pfad '$sm_path' nicht möglich"
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Konnte in Unterprojekt-Pfad '$prefix$sm_path' nicht anfordern"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:571
+#: git-submodule.sh:791
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule path '$sm_path': rebased into '$sha1'"
-msgstr "Unterprojekt-Pfad '$sm_path': neu aufgebaut in '$sha1'"
-
-#: git-submodule.sh:576
-#, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
 msgstr ""
-"Zusammenführung von '$sha1' in Unterprojekt-Pfad '$sm_path' fehlgeschlagen"
+"Neuaufbau von '$sha1' in Unterprojekt-Pfad '$prefix$sm_path' nicht möglich"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:577
+#: git-submodule.sh:792
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule path '$sm_path': merged in '$sha1'"
-msgstr "Unterprojekt-Pfad '$sm_path': zusammengeführt in '$sha1'"
+msgid "Submodule path '$prefix$sm_path': rebased into '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Unterprojekt-Pfad '$prefix$sm_path': neu aufgebaut in '$sha1'"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:582
+#: git-submodule.sh:797
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Konnte '$sha1' in Unterprojekt-Pfad '$sm_path' nicht auschecken."
+msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+"Zusammenführung von '$sha1' in Unterprojekt-Pfad '$prefix$sm_path' "
+"fehlgeschlagen"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:583
+#: git-submodule.sh:798
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule path '$sm_path': checked out '$sha1'"
-msgstr "Unterprojekt-Pfad: '$sm_path': '$sha1' ausgecheckt"
+msgid "Submodule path '$prefix$sm_path': merged in '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Unterprojekt-Pfad '$prefix$sm_path': zusammengeführt in '$sha1'"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:605 git-submodule.sh:928
+#: git-submodule.sh:803
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Fehler bei Rekursion in Unterprojekt-Pfad '$sm_path'"
+msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+"Konnte '$sha1' in Unterprojekt-Pfad '$prefix$sm_path' nicht auschecken."
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:713
-msgid "--cached cannot be used with --files"
-msgstr "--cached kann nicht mit --files benutzt werden"
+#: git-submodule.sh:804
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$prefix$sm_path': checked out '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Unterprojekt-Pfad: '$prefix$sm_path': '$sha1' ausgecheckt"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:831
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Fehler bei Rekursion in Unterprojekt-Pfad '$prefix$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:939
+msgid "The --cached option cannot be used with the --files option"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Optionen --cached und --files können nicht gemeinsam verwendet werden."
 
 #. unexpected type
-#: git-submodule.sh:753
+#: git-submodule.sh:979
 #, sh-format
 msgid "unexpected mode $mod_dst"
 msgstr "unerwarteter Modus $mod_dst"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:771
+#: git-submodule.sh:997
 #, sh-format
 msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
 msgstr "  Warnung: $name beinhaltet nicht Version $sha1_src"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:774
+#: git-submodule.sh:1000
 #, sh-format
 msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
 msgstr "  Warnung: $name beinhaltet nicht Version $sha1_dst"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:777
+#: git-submodule.sh:1003
 #, sh-format
 msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
 msgstr ""
 "  Warnung: $name beinhaltet nicht die Versionen $sha1_src und $sha1_dst"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:802
+#: git-submodule.sh:1028
 msgid "blob"
 msgstr "Blob"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:803
-msgid "submodule"
-msgstr "Unterprojekt"
+#: git-submodule.sh:1066
+msgid "Submodules changed but not updated:"
+msgstr "Unterprojekte geändert, aber nicht aktualisiert:"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:840
-msgid "# Submodules changed but not updated:"
-msgstr "# Unterprojekte geändert, aber nicht aktualisiert:"
+#: git-submodule.sh:1068
+msgid "Submodule changes to be committed:"
+msgstr "Änderungen in Unterprojekt zum Eintragen:"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:842
-msgid "# Submodule changes to be committed:"
-msgstr "# Änderungen in Unterprojekt zum Eintragen:"
-
-#: git-submodule.sh:974
+#: git-submodule.sh:1153
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$name'"
-msgstr "Synchronisiere Unterprojekt-URL für '$name'"
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Fehler bei Rekursion in Unterprojekt-Pfad '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1216
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Synchronisiere Unterprojekt-URL für '$prefix$sm_path'"
+
+#~ msgid "It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files.  'status -uno'"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Es dauerte %.2f Sekunden die unbeobachteten Dateien zu bestimmen.'status -"
+#~ "uno'"
+
+#~ msgid "may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add"
+#~ msgstr "könnte das beschleunigen, aber Sie müssen darauf achten, neue"
+
+#~ msgid "new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+#~ msgstr "Dateien selbstständig hinzuzufügen (siehe 'git help status')."
+
+#~ msgid "git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [rev-opts] [--] [<commit-id>... ]"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [rev-opts] [--] "
+#~ "[<Versionsidentifikation>... ]"
+
+#~ msgid "See 'git help <command>' for more information on a specific command."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Siehe 'git help <Kommando>' für weitere Informationen zu einem "
+#~ "spezifischen Kommando"
+
+#~ msgid "use any ref in .git/refs"
+#~ msgstr "verwendet alle Referenzen in .git/refs"
+
+#~ msgid "use any tag in .git/refs/tags"
+#~ msgstr "verwendet alle Markierungen in .git/refs/tags"
+
+#~ msgid "bad object %s"
+#~ msgstr "ungültiges Objekt %s"
+
+#~ msgid "bogus committer info %s"
+#~ msgstr "unechte Einreicher-Informationen %s"
+
+#~ msgid "can't fdopen 'show' output fd"
+#~ msgstr "konnte Datei-Deskriptor für Ausgabe von 'show' nicht öffnen"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to close pipe to 'show' for object '%s'"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Schließen der Verbindung zu 'show' ist für Objekt '%s' fehlgeschlagen."
+
+#~ msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD"
+#~ msgstr "Sie haben keine gültige Zweigspitze (HEAD)"
+
+#~ msgid "oops"
+#~ msgstr "Ups"
+
+#~ msgid "Would not remove %s\n"
+#~ msgstr "Würde '%s' nicht löschen\n"
+
+#~ msgid "Not removing %s\n"
+#~ msgstr "Entferne nicht %s\n"
+
+#~ msgid "Could not read index"
+#~ msgstr "Konnte Bereitstellung nicht lesen"
+
+#~ msgid " 0 files changed"
+#~ msgstr " 0 Dateien geändert"
+
+#~ msgid " %d file changed"
+#~ msgid_plural " %d files changed"
+#~ msgstr[0] " %d Datei geändert"
+#~ msgstr[1] " %d Dateien geändert"
+
+#~ msgid ", %d insertion(+)"
+#~ msgid_plural ", %d insertions(+)"
+#~ msgstr[0] ", %d Zeile hinzugefügt(+)"
+#~ msgstr[1] ", %d Zeilen hinzugefügt(+)"
+
+#~ msgid ", %d deletion(-)"
+#~ msgid_plural ", %d deletions(-)"
+#~ msgstr[0] ", %d Zeile entfernt(-)"
+#~ msgstr[1] ", %d Zeilen entfernt(-)"
+
+#~ msgid "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance.\n"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Die Datenbank des Projektarchivs wird für eine optimale Performance "
+#~ "komprimiert.\n"
+
+#~ msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | -d | <branch>])"
+#~ msgstr "git remote set-head <Name> (-a | -d | <Zweig>])"
+
+#~ msgid " (use \"git add\" to track)"
+#~ msgstr " (benutze \"git add\" zum Beobachten)"
+
+#~ msgid "-B cannot be used with -b"
+#~ msgstr "-B kann nicht mit -b benutzt werden"
+
+#~ msgid "--patch is incompatible with all other options"
+#~ msgstr "--patch ist inkompatibel mit allen anderen Optionen"
+
+#~ msgid "--detach cannot be used with -b/-B/--orphan"
+#~ msgstr "--detach kann nicht mit -b/-B/--orphan benutzt werden"
+
+#~ msgid "--detach cannot be used with -t"
+#~ msgstr "--detach kann nicht mit -t benutzt werden"
+
+#~ msgid "--orphan and -b|-B are mutually exclusive"
+#~ msgstr "--orphan und -b|-B sind gegenseitig exklusiv"
+
+#~ msgid "--orphan cannot be used with -t"
+#~ msgstr "--orphan kann nicht mit -t benutzt werden"
+
+#~ msgid "git checkout: -f and -m are incompatible"
+#~ msgstr "git checkout: -f und -m sind inkompatibel"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "git checkout: updating paths is incompatible with switching branches."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "git checkout: Die Aktualisierung von Pfaden ist inkompatibel mit dem "
+#~ "Wechsel von Zweigen."
+
+#~ msgid "diff setup failed"
+#~ msgstr "diff_setup_done fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#~ msgid "merge-recursive: disk full?"
+#~ msgstr "merge-recursive: Festplatte voll?"
+
+#~ msgid "diff_setup_done failed"
+#~ msgstr "diff_setup_done fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#~ msgid "-d option is no longer supported.  Do not use."
+#~ msgstr "-d Option wird nicht länger unterstützt. Nicht benutzen."
+
+#~ msgid "%s: has been deleted/renamed"
+#~ msgstr "%s wurde gelöscht/umbenannt"
+
+#~ msgid "'%s': not a documentation directory."
+#~ msgstr "'%s' ist kein Dokumentationsverzeichnis"
 
 #~ msgid "--"
 #~ msgstr "--"
@@ -5630,9 +10479,6 @@
 #~ msgid "Please enter the commit message for your changes."
 #~ msgstr "Bitte gebe die Versionsbeschreibung für deine Änderungen ein."
 
-#~ msgid "Too many options specified"
-#~ msgstr "Zu viele Optionen angegeben"
-
 #~ msgid ""
 #~ "To prevent you from losing history, non-fast-forward updates were "
 #~ "rejected\n"
diff --git a/po/git.pot b/po/git.pot
index b666506..4a9d4ef 100644
--- a/po/git.pot
+++ b/po/git.pot
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: Git Mailing List <git@vger.kernel.org>\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-06-08 10:20+0800\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2013-04-30 08:25+0800\n"
 "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
 "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
 "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
 "Plural-Forms: nplurals=INTEGER; plural=EXPRESSION;\n"
 
-#: advice.c:40
+#: advice.c:53
 #, c-format
 msgid "hint: %.*s\n"
 msgstr ""
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 #. * Message used both when 'git commit' fails and when
 #. * other commands doing a merge do.
 #.
-#: advice.c:70
+#: advice.c:83
 msgid ""
 "Fix them up in the work tree,\n"
 "and then use 'git add/rm <file>' as\n"
@@ -35,6 +35,211 @@
 "or use 'git commit -a'."
 msgstr ""
 
+#: archive.c:10
+msgid "git archive [options] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:11
+msgid "git archive --list"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:12
+msgid ""
+"git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] [options] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:13
+msgid "git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] --list"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:323
+msgid "fmt"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:323
+msgid "archive format"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:324 builtin/log.c:1126
+msgid "prefix"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:325
+msgid "prepend prefix to each pathname in the archive"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:326 builtin/archive.c:88 builtin/blame.c:2371
+#: builtin/blame.c:2372 builtin/config.c:55 builtin/fast-export.c:665
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:667 builtin/grep.c:715 builtin/hash-object.c:77
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:490 builtin/ls-files.c:493 builtin/notes.c:536
+#: builtin/notes.c:693 builtin/read-tree.c:107 parse-options.h:149
+msgid "file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:327 builtin/archive.c:89
+msgid "write the archive to this file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:329
+msgid "read .gitattributes in working directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:330
+msgid "report archived files on stderr"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:331
+msgid "store only"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:332
+msgid "compress faster"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:340
+msgid "compress better"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:343
+msgid "list supported archive formats"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:345 builtin/archive.c:90 builtin/clone.c:86
+msgid "repo"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:346 builtin/archive.c:91
+msgid "retrieve the archive from remote repository <repo>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:347 builtin/archive.c:92 builtin/notes.c:615
+msgid "command"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:348 builtin/archive.c:93
+msgid "path to the remote git-upload-archive command"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: attr.c:259
+msgid ""
+"Negative patterns are ignored in git attributes\n"
+"Use '\\!' for literal leading exclamation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:60
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not setting branch %s as its own upstream."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:83
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:87
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:88
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:92
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:93
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:97
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:98
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:118
+#, c-format
+msgid "Tracking not set up: name too long: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:137
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not tracking: ambiguous information for ref %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:182
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid branch name."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:187
+#, c-format
+msgid "A branch named '%s' already exists."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:195
+msgid "Cannot force update the current branch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:201
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot setup tracking information; starting point '%s' is not a branch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:203
+#, c-format
+msgid "the requested upstream branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:205
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you are planning on basing your work on an upstream\n"
+"branch that already exists at the remote, you may need to\n"
+"run \"git fetch\" to retrieve it.\n"
+"\n"
+"If you are planning to push out a new local branch that\n"
+"will track its remote counterpart, you may want to use\n"
+"\"git push -u\" to set the upstream config as you push."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:250
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid "Ambiguous object name: '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:275
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid branch point: '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:281
+msgid "Failed to lock ref for update"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:299
+msgid "Failed to write ref"
+msgstr ""
+
 #: bundle.c:36
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' does not look like a v2 bundle file"
@@ -45,7 +250,7 @@
 msgid "unrecognized header: %s%s (%d)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: bundle.c:89 builtin/commit.c:696
+#: bundle.c:89 builtin/commit.c:676
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not open '%s'"
 msgstr ""
@@ -54,67 +259,71 @@
 msgid "Repository lacks these prerequisite commits:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: bundle.c:164 sequencer.c:550 sequencer.c:982 builtin/log.c:289
-#: builtin/log.c:720 builtin/log.c:1309 builtin/log.c:1528 builtin/merge.c:347
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:181
+#: bundle.c:164 sequencer.c:651 sequencer.c:1101 builtin/log.c:300
+#: builtin/log.c:770 builtin/log.c:1344 builtin/log.c:1570 builtin/merge.c:349
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:155
 msgid "revision walk setup failed"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: bundle.c:186
 #, c-format
-msgid "The bundle contains %d ref"
-msgid_plural "The bundle contains %d refs"
+msgid "The bundle contains this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle contains these %d refs:"
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: bundle.c:192
+#: bundle.c:193
+msgid "The bundle records a complete history."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bundle.c:195
 #, c-format
-msgid "The bundle requires this ref"
-msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs"
+msgid "The bundle requires this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs:"
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: bundle.c:290
+#: bundle.c:294
 msgid "rev-list died"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: bundle.c:296 builtin/log.c:1205 builtin/shortlog.c:284
+#: bundle.c:300 builtin/log.c:1255 builtin/shortlog.c:258
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized argument: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: bundle.c:331
+#: bundle.c:335
 #, c-format
 msgid "ref '%s' is excluded by the rev-list options"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: bundle.c:376
+#: bundle.c:380
 msgid "Refusing to create empty bundle."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: bundle.c:394
+#: bundle.c:398
 msgid "Could not spawn pack-objects"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: bundle.c:412
+#: bundle.c:416
 msgid "pack-objects died"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: bundle.c:415
+#: bundle.c:419
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot create '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: bundle.c:437
+#: bundle.c:441
 msgid "index-pack died"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: commit.c:48
+#: commit.c:50
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not parse %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: commit.c:50
+#: commit.c:52
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s %s is not a commit!"
 msgstr ""
@@ -204,56 +413,41 @@
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: diff.c:105
+#: diff.c:112
 #, c-format
-msgid "  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%.*s'\n"
+msgid "  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%s'\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: diff.c:110
+#: diff.c:117
 #, c-format
-msgid "  Unknown dirstat parameter '%.*s'\n"
+msgid "  Unknown dirstat parameter '%s'\n"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: diff.c:210
 #, c-format
+msgid "Unknown value for 'diff.submodule' config variable: '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: diff.c:260
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Found errors in 'diff.dirstat' config variable:\n"
 "%s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: diff.c:1400
-msgid " 0 files changed\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: diff.c:1404
-#, c-format
-msgid " %d file changed"
-msgid_plural " %d files changed"
-msgstr[0] ""
-msgstr[1] ""
-
-#: diff.c:1421
-#, c-format
-msgid ", %d insertion(+)"
-msgid_plural ", %d insertions(+)"
-msgstr[0] ""
-msgstr[1] ""
-
-#: diff.c:1432
-#, c-format
-msgid ", %d deletion(-)"
-msgid_plural ", %d deletions(-)"
-msgstr[0] ""
-msgstr[1] ""
-
-#: diff.c:3478
+#: diff.c:3481
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Failed to parse --dirstat/-X option parameter:\n"
 "%s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: gpg-interface.c:59
+#: diff.c:3495
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to parse --submodule option parameter: '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:59 gpg-interface.c:131
 msgid "could not run gpg."
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -265,59 +459,73 @@
 msgid "gpg failed to sign the data"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: grep.c:1320
+#: gpg-interface.c:115
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create temporary file '%s': %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:118
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed writing detached signature to '%s': %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: grep.c:1623
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': unable to read %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: grep.c:1337
+#: grep.c:1640
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: grep.c:1348
+#: grep.c:1651
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': short read %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: help.c:207
+#: help.c:212
 #, c-format
 msgid "available git commands in '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: help.c:214
+#: help.c:219
 msgid "git commands available from elsewhere on your $PATH"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: help.c:270
+#: help.c:235
+msgid "The most commonly used git commands are:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: help.c:292
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s' appears to be a git command, but we were not\n"
 "able to execute it. Maybe git-%s is broken?"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: help.c:327
+#: help.c:349
 msgid "Uh oh. Your system reports no Git commands at all."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: help.c:349
+#: help.c:371
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "WARNING: You called a Git command named '%s', which does not exist.\n"
 "Continuing under the assumption that you meant '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: help.c:354
+#: help.c:376
 #, c-format
 msgid "in %0.1f seconds automatically..."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: help.c:361
+#: help.c:383
 #, c-format
 msgid "git: '%s' is not a git command. See 'git --help'."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: help.c:365
+#: help.c:387
 msgid ""
 "\n"
 "Did you mean this?"
@@ -327,35 +535,313 @@
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: parse-options.c:493
+#: merge.c:56
+msgid "failed to read the cache"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge.c:110 builtin/checkout.c:365 builtin/checkout.c:566
+#: builtin/clone.c:645
+msgid "unable to write new index file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:190
+#, c-format
+msgid "(bad commit)\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:206
+#, c-format
+msgid "addinfo_cache failed for path '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:268
+msgid "error building trees"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:672
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create path '%s'%s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:683
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s to make room for subdirectory\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. something else exists
+#. .. but not some other error (who really cares what?)
+#: merge-recursive.c:697 merge-recursive.c:718
+msgid ": perhaps a D/F conflict?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:708
+#, c-format
+msgid "refusing to lose untracked file at '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:748
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:750
+#, c-format
+msgid "blob expected for %s '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:773 builtin/clone.c:313
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to open '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:781
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to symlink '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:784
+#, c-format
+msgid "do not know what to do with %06o %s '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:922
+msgid "Failed to execute internal merge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:926
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to add %s to database"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:942
+msgid "unsupported object type in the tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1021 merge-recursive.c:1035
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1027 merge-recursive.c:1040
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree at %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1081
+msgid "rename"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1081
+msgid "renamed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1137
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is a directory in %s adding as %s instead"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1159
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename \"%s\"->\"%s\" in branch \"%s\" rename \"%s"
+"\"->\"%s\" in \"%s\"%s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1164
+msgid " (left unresolved)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1218
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename %s->%s in %s. Rename %s->%s in %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1248
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renaming %s to %s and %s to %s instead"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1447
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/add): Rename %s->%s in %s. %s added in %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1457
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding merged %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1462 merge-recursive.c:1660
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding as %s instead"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1513
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1516
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s is not a blob"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1564
+msgid "modify"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1564
+msgid "modified"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1574
+msgid "content"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1581
+msgid "add/add"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1615
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipped %s (merged same as existing)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1629
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto-merging %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1633 git-submodule.sh:1029
+msgid "submodule"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1634
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (%s): Merge conflict in %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1724
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1749
+msgid "file/directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1755
+msgid "directory/file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1760
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (%s): There is a directory with name %s in %s. Adding %s as %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1770
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1787
+msgid "Fatal merge failure, shouldn't happen."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1806
+msgid "Already up-to-date!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1815
+#, c-format
+msgid "merging of trees %s and %s failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1845
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unprocessed path??? %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1890
+msgid "Merging:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1903
+#, c-format
+msgid "found %u common ancestor:"
+msgid_plural "found %u common ancestors:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1940
+msgid "merge returned no commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1997
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse object '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:2009 builtin/merge.c:658
+msgid "Unable to write index."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: object.c:195
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse object: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: parse-options.c:489
 msgid "..."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: parse-options.c:511
+#: parse-options.c:507
 #, c-format
 msgid "usage: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: the colon here should align with the
 #. one in "usage: %s" translation
-#: parse-options.c:515
+#: parse-options.c:511
 #, c-format
 msgid "   or: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: parse-options.c:518
+#: parse-options.c:514
 #, c-format
 msgid "    %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: remote.c:1629
+#: parse-options.c:548
+msgid "-NUM"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: pathspec.c:83
+#, c-format
+msgid "Path '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: pathspec.c:99
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: remote.c:1781
 #, c-format
 msgid "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commit.\n"
 msgid_plural "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commits.\n"
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: remote.c:1635
+#: remote.c:1787
+msgid "  (use \"git push\" to publish your local commits)\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: remote.c:1790
 #, c-format
 msgid "Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commit, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
 msgid_plural ""
@@ -363,7 +849,11 @@
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: remote.c:1643
+#: remote.c:1798
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to update your local branch)\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: remote.c:1801
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
@@ -374,663 +864,942 @@
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:121 builtin/merge.c:865 builtin/merge.c:978
-#: builtin/merge.c:1088 builtin/merge.c:1098
+#: remote.c:1811
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to merge the remote branch into yours)\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:206 builtin/merge.c:776 builtin/merge.c:889 builtin/merge.c:999
+#: builtin/merge.c:1009
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:123 builtin/merge.c:333 builtin/merge.c:868
-#: builtin/merge.c:1090 builtin/merge.c:1103
+#: sequencer.c:208 builtin/merge.c:335 builtin/merge.c:779
+#: builtin/merge.c:1001 builtin/merge.c:1014
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not write to '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:144
+#: sequencer.c:229
 msgid ""
 "after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
 "with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:147
+#: sequencer.c:232
 msgid ""
 "after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
 "with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'\n"
 "and commit the result with 'git commit'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:160 sequencer.c:758 sequencer.c:841
+#: sequencer.c:245 sequencer.c:859 sequencer.c:942
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not write to %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:163
+#: sequencer.c:248
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error wrapping up %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:178
+#: sequencer.c:263
 msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by cherry-pick."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:180
+#: sequencer.c:265
 msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by revert."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:183
+#: sequencer.c:268
 msgid "Commit your changes or stash them to proceed."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: %s will be "revert" or "cherry-pick"
-#: sequencer.c:233
+#: sequencer.c:319
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: Unable to write new index file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:261
+#: sequencer.c:350
 msgid "Could not resolve HEAD commit\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:282
+#: sequencer.c:371
 msgid "Unable to update cache tree\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:324
+#: sequencer.c:416
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse commit %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:329
+#: sequencer.c:421
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse parent commit %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:395
+#: sequencer.c:487
 msgid "Your index file is unmerged."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:398
-msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: sequencer.c:413
+#: sequencer.c:506
 #, c-format
 msgid "Commit %s is a merge but no -m option was given."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:421
+#: sequencer.c:514
 #, c-format
 msgid "Commit %s does not have parent %d"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:425
+#: sequencer.c:518
 #, c-format
 msgid "Mainline was specified but commit %s is not a merge."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: The first %s will be "revert" or
 #. "cherry-pick", the second %s a SHA1
-#: sequencer.c:436
+#: sequencer.c:531
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: cannot parse parent commit %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:440
+#: sequencer.c:535
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot get commit message for %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:524
+#: sequencer.c:621
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not revert %s... %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:525
+#: sequencer.c:622
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not apply %s... %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:553
+#: sequencer.c:654
 msgid "empty commit set passed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:561
+#: sequencer.c:662
 #, c-format
 msgid "git %s: failed to read the index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:566
+#: sequencer.c:667
 #, c-format
 msgid "git %s: failed to refresh the index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:624
+#: sequencer.c:725
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot %s during a %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:646
+#: sequencer.c:747
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse line %d."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:651
+#: sequencer.c:752
 msgid "No commits parsed."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:664
+#: sequencer.c:765
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not open %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:668
+#: sequencer.c:769
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not read %s."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:675
+#: sequencer.c:776
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unusable instruction sheet: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:703
+#: sequencer.c:804
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid key: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:706
+#: sequencer.c:807
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid value for %s: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:718
+#: sequencer.c:819
 #, c-format
 msgid "Malformed options sheet: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:739
+#: sequencer.c:840
 msgid "a cherry-pick or revert is already in progress"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:740
+#: sequencer.c:841
 msgid "try \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:744
+#: sequencer.c:845
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not create sequencer directory %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:760 sequencer.c:845
+#: sequencer.c:861 sequencer.c:946
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error wrapping up %s."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:779 sequencer.c:913
+#: sequencer.c:880 sequencer.c:1014
 msgid "no cherry-pick or revert in progress"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:781
+#: sequencer.c:882
 msgid "cannot resolve HEAD"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:783
+#: sequencer.c:884
 msgid "cannot abort from a branch yet to be born"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:805 builtin/apply.c:3697
+#: sequencer.c:906 builtin/apply.c:4060
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open %s: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:808
+#: sequencer.c:909
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read %s: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:809
+#: sequencer.c:910
 msgid "unexpected end of file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:815
+#: sequencer.c:916
 #, c-format
 msgid "stored pre-cherry-pick HEAD file '%s' is corrupt"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:838
+#: sequencer.c:939
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not format %s."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:1000
+#: sequencer.c:1083
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: can't cherry-pick a %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:1085
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: bad revision"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:1119
 msgid "Can't revert as initial commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:1001
+#: sequencer.c:1120
 msgid "Can't cherry-pick into empty head"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sha1_name.c:864
+#: sha1_name.c:1036
 msgid "HEAD does not point to a branch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sha1_name.c:867
+#: sha1_name.c:1039
 #, c-format
 msgid "No such branch: '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sha1_name.c:869
+#: sha1_name.c:1041
 #, c-format
 msgid "No upstream configured for branch '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sha1_name.c:872
+#: sha1_name.c:1044
 #, c-format
 msgid "Upstream branch '%s' not stored as a remote-tracking branch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wrapper.c:413
+#: wrapper.c:408
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s': %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wrapper.c:423
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wrapper.c:434
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to look up current user in the passwd file: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wrapper.c:414
+#: wrapper.c:435
 msgid "no such user"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:135
+#: wt-status.c:140
 msgid "Unmerged paths:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:141 wt-status.c:158
+#: wt-status.c:167 wt-status.c:194
 #, c-format
 msgid "  (use \"git reset %s <file>...\" to unstage)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:143 wt-status.c:160
+#: wt-status.c:169 wt-status.c:196
 msgid "  (use \"git rm --cached <file>...\" to unstage)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:144
+#: wt-status.c:173
+msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:175 wt-status.c:179
 msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" as appropriate to mark resolution)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:152
+#: wt-status.c:177
+msgid "  (use \"git rm <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:188
 msgid "Changes to be committed:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:170
+#: wt-status.c:206
 msgid "Changes not staged for commit:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:174
+#: wt-status.c:210
 msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:176
+#: wt-status.c:212
 msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:177
+#: wt-status.c:213
 msgid ""
 "  (use \"git checkout -- <file>...\" to discard changes in working directory)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:179
+#: wt-status.c:215
 msgid "  (commit or discard the untracked or modified content in submodules)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:188
-#, c-format
-msgid "%s files:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: wt-status.c:191
+#: wt-status.c:227
 #, c-format
 msgid "  (use \"git %s <file>...\" to include in what will be committed)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:208
+#: wt-status.c:244
 msgid "bug"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:213
+#: wt-status.c:249
 msgid "both deleted:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:214
+#: wt-status.c:250
 msgid "added by us:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:215
+#: wt-status.c:251
 msgid "deleted by them:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:216
+#: wt-status.c:252
 msgid "added by them:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:217
+#: wt-status.c:253
 msgid "deleted by us:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:218
+#: wt-status.c:254
 msgid "both added:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:219
+#: wt-status.c:255
 msgid "both modified:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:249
+#: wt-status.c:285
 msgid "new commits, "
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:251
+#: wt-status.c:287
 msgid "modified content, "
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:253
+#: wt-status.c:289
 msgid "untracked content, "
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:267
+#: wt-status.c:306
 #, c-format
 msgid "new file:   %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:270
+#: wt-status.c:309
 #, c-format
 msgid "copied:     %s -> %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:273
+#: wt-status.c:312
 #, c-format
 msgid "deleted:    %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:276
+#: wt-status.c:315
 #, c-format
 msgid "modified:   %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:279
+#: wt-status.c:318
 #, c-format
 msgid "renamed:    %s -> %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:282
+#: wt-status.c:321
 #, c-format
 msgid "typechange: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:285
+#: wt-status.c:324
 #, c-format
 msgid "unknown:    %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:288
+#: wt-status.c:327
 #, c-format
 msgid "unmerged:   %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:291
+#: wt-status.c:330
 #, c-format
 msgid "bug: unhandled diff status %c"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:737
+#: wt-status.c:803
+msgid "You have unmerged paths."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:806 wt-status.c:958
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git commit\")"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:809
+msgid "All conflicts fixed but you are still merging."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:812
+msgid "  (use \"git commit\" to conclude merge)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:822
+msgid "You are in the middle of an am session."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:825
+msgid "The current patch is empty."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:829
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --resolved\")"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:831
+msgid "  (use \"git am --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:833
+msgid "  (use \"git am --abort\" to restore the original branch)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:893 wt-status.c:910
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:898 wt-status.c:915
+msgid "You are currently rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:901
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:903
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:905
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --abort\" to check out the original branch)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:918
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:922
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:927
+msgid "You are currently splitting a commit during a rebase."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:930
+msgid "  (Once your working directory is clean, run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:934
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:939
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit during a rebase."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:942
+msgid "  (use \"git commit --amend\" to amend the current commit)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:944
+msgid ""
+"  (use \"git rebase --continue\" once you are satisfied with your changes)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:954
+msgid "You are currently cherry-picking."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:961
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git commit\")"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:970
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently reverting commit %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:975
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:978
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:980
+msgid "  (use \"git revert --abort\" to cancel the revert operation)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:991
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently bisecting, started from branch '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:995
+msgid "You are currently bisecting."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:998
+msgid "  (use \"git bisect reset\" to get back to the original branch)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1173
 msgid "On branch "
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:744
+#: wt-status.c:1184
+msgid "HEAD detached at "
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1186
+msgid "HEAD detached from "
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1189
 msgid "Not currently on any branch."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:755
+#: wt-status.c:1206
 msgid "Initial commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:769
-msgid "Untracked"
+#: wt-status.c:1220
+msgid "Untracked files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:771
-msgid "Ignored"
+#: wt-status.c:1222
+msgid "Ignored files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:773
+#: wt-status.c:1226
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files. 'status -uno'\n"
+"may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add\n"
+"new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1232
 #, c-format
 msgid "Untracked files not listed%s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:775
+#: wt-status.c:1234
 msgid " (use -u option to show untracked files)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:781
+#: wt-status.c:1240
 msgid "No changes"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:785
+#: wt-status.c:1245
 #, c-format
-msgid "no changes added to commit%s\n"
+msgid "no changes added to commit (use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:787
-msgid " (use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: wt-status.c:789
+#: wt-status.c:1248
 #, c-format
-msgid "nothing added to commit but untracked files present%s\n"
+msgid "no changes added to commit\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:791
-msgid " (use \"git add\" to track)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: wt-status.c:793 wt-status.c:796 wt-status.c:799
+#: wt-status.c:1251
 #, c-format
-msgid "nothing to commit%s\n"
+msgid ""
+"nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use \"git add\" to "
+"track)\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:794
-msgid " (create/copy files and use \"git add\" to track)"
+#: wt-status.c:1254
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing added to commit but untracked files present\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:797
-msgid " (use -u to show untracked files)"
+#: wt-status.c:1257
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (create/copy files and use \"git add\" to track)\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:800
-msgid " (working directory clean)"
+#: wt-status.c:1260 wt-status.c:1265
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:908
+#: wt-status.c:1263
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1267
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit, working directory clean\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1375
 msgid "HEAD (no branch)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:914
+#: wt-status.c:1381
 msgid "Initial commit on "
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:929
+#: wt-status.c:1396
 msgid "behind "
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:932 wt-status.c:935
+#: wt-status.c:1399 wt-status.c:1402
 msgid "ahead "
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:937
+#: wt-status.c:1404
 msgid ", behind "
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:62
+#: compat/precompose_utf8.c:58 builtin/clone.c:352
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to unlink '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:20
+msgid "git add [options] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#.
+#. * To be consistent with "git add -p" and most Git
+#. * commands, we should default to being tree-wide, but
+#. * this is not the original behavior and can't be
+#. * changed until users trained themselves not to type
+#. * "git add -u" or "git add -A". For now, we warn and
+#. * keep the old behavior. Later, the behavior can be changed
+#. * to tree-wide, keeping the warning for a while, and
+#. * eventually we can drop the warning.
+#.
+#: builtin/add.c:58
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The behavior of 'git add %s (or %s)' with no path argument from a\n"
+"subdirectory of the tree will change in Git 2.0 and should not be used "
+"anymore.\n"
+"To add content for the whole tree, run:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s :/\n"
+"  (or git add %s :/)\n"
+"\n"
+"To restrict the command to the current directory, run:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s .\n"
+"  (or git add %s .)\n"
+"\n"
+"With the current Git version, the command is restricted to the current "
+"directory.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You ran 'git add' with neither '-A (--all)' or '--ignore-removal',\n"
+"whose behaviour will change in Git 2.0 with respect to paths you removed.\n"
+"Paths like '%s' that are\n"
+"removed from your working tree are ignored with this version of Git.\n"
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --ignore-removal <pathspec>', which is the current default,\n"
+"  ignores paths you removed from your working tree.\n"
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --all <pathspec>' will let you also record the removals.\n"
+"\n"
+"Run 'git status' to check the paths you removed from your working tree.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:144
 #, c-format
 msgid "unexpected diff status %c"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:67 builtin/commit.c:226
+#: builtin/add.c:149 builtin/commit.c:233
 msgid "updating files failed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:77
+#: builtin/add.c:163
 #, c-format
 msgid "remove '%s'\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:176
-#, c-format
-msgid "Path '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/add.c:192
+#: builtin/add.c:253
 msgid "Unstaged changes after refreshing the index:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:195 builtin/add.c:456 builtin/rm.c:186
+#: builtin/add.c:256 builtin/add.c:572 builtin/rm.c:275
 #, c-format
 msgid "pathspec '%s' did not match any files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:209
-#, c-format
-msgid "'%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/add.c:276
+#: builtin/add.c:339
 msgid "Could not read the index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:286
+#: builtin/add.c:349
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:290
+#: builtin/add.c:353
 msgid "Could not write patch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:295
+#: builtin/add.c:358
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not stat '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:297
+#: builtin/add.c:360
 msgid "Empty patch. Aborted."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:303
+#: builtin/add.c:366
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not apply '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:312
+#: builtin/add.c:376
 msgid "The following paths are ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:352
+#: builtin/add.c:393 builtin/clean.c:161 builtin/fetch.c:78 builtin/mv.c:63
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:76 builtin/push.c:425 builtin/remote.c:1253
+#: builtin/rm.c:206
+msgid "dry run"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:394 builtin/apply.c:4409 builtin/check-ignore.c:19
+#: builtin/commit.c:1152 builtin/count-objects.c:95 builtin/fsck.c:613
+#: builtin/log.c:1518 builtin/mv.c:62 builtin/read-tree.c:112
+msgid "be verbose"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:396
+msgid "interactive picking"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:397 builtin/checkout.c:1063 builtin/reset.c:258
+msgid "select hunks interactively"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:398
+msgid "edit current diff and apply"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:399
+msgid "allow adding otherwise ignored files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:400
+msgid "update tracked files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:401
+msgid "record only the fact that the path will be added later"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:402
+msgid "add changes from all tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. takes no arguments
+#: builtin/add.c:405
+msgid "ignore paths removed in the working tree (same as --no-all)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:407
+msgid "don't add, only refresh the index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:408
+msgid "just skip files which cannot be added because of errors"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:409
+msgid "check if - even missing - files are ignored in dry run"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:431
 #, c-format
 msgid "Use -f if you really want to add them.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:353
+#: builtin/add.c:432
 msgid "no files added"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:359
+#: builtin/add.c:438
 msgid "adding files failed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:391
+#: builtin/add.c:477
 msgid "-A and -u are mutually incompatible"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:393
+#: builtin/add.c:495
 msgid "Option --ignore-missing can only be used together with --dry-run"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:413
+#: builtin/add.c:525
 #, c-format
 msgid "Nothing specified, nothing added.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:414
+#: builtin/add.c:526
 #, c-format
 msgid "Maybe you wanted to say 'git add .'?\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:420 builtin/clean.c:95 builtin/commit.c:286 builtin/mv.c:82
-#: builtin/rm.c:162
+#: builtin/add.c:532 builtin/check-ignore.c:66 builtin/clean.c:204
+#: builtin/commit.c:293 builtin/mv.c:82 builtin/rm.c:235
 msgid "index file corrupt"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:476 builtin/apply.c:4108 builtin/mv.c:229 builtin/rm.c:260
+#: builtin/add.c:604 builtin/apply.c:4505 builtin/mv.c:229 builtin/rm.c:370
 msgid "Unable to write new index file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:53
+#: builtin/apply.c:57
 msgid "git apply [options] [<patch>...]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:106
+#: builtin/apply.c:110
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized whitespace option '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:121
+#: builtin/apply.c:125
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized whitespace ignore option '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:815
+#: builtin/apply.c:823
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot prepare timestamp regexp %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:824
+#: builtin/apply.c:832
 #, c-format
 msgid "regexec returned %d for input: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:905
+#: builtin/apply.c:913
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to find filename in patch at line %d"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:937
+#: builtin/apply.c:945
 #, c-format
 msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null, got %s on line %d"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:941
+#: builtin/apply.c:949
 #, c-format
 msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent new filename on line %d"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:942
+#: builtin/apply.c:950
 #, c-format
 msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent old filename on line %d"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:949
+#: builtin/apply.c:957
 #, c-format
 msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null on line %d"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1394
+#: builtin/apply.c:1422
 #, c-format
 msgid "recount: unexpected line: %.*s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1451
+#: builtin/apply.c:1479
 #, c-format
 msgid "patch fragment without header at line %d: %.*s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1468
+#: builtin/apply.c:1496
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
@@ -1041,395 +1810,396 @@
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1628
+#: builtin/apply.c:1656
 msgid "new file depends on old contents"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1630
+#: builtin/apply.c:1658
 msgid "deleted file still has contents"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1656
+#: builtin/apply.c:1684
 #, c-format
 msgid "corrupt patch at line %d"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1692
+#: builtin/apply.c:1720
 #, c-format
 msgid "new file %s depends on old contents"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1694
+#: builtin/apply.c:1722
 #, c-format
 msgid "deleted file %s still has contents"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1697
+#: builtin/apply.c:1725
 #, c-format
 msgid "** warning: file %s becomes empty but is not deleted"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1843
+#: builtin/apply.c:1871
 #, c-format
 msgid "corrupt binary patch at line %d: %.*s"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. there has to be one hunk (forward hunk)
-#: builtin/apply.c:1872
+#: builtin/apply.c:1900
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized binary patch at line %d"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1958
+#: builtin/apply.c:1986
 #, c-format
 msgid "patch with only garbage at line %d"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2048
+#: builtin/apply.c:2076
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to read symlink %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2052
+#: builtin/apply.c:2080
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to open or read %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2123
-msgid "oops"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/apply.c:2645
+#: builtin/apply.c:2688
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid start of line: '%c'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2763
+#: builtin/apply.c:2806
 #, c-format
 msgid "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d line)."
 msgid_plural "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d lines)."
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2775
+#: builtin/apply.c:2818
 #, c-format
 msgid "Context reduced to (%ld/%ld) to apply fragment at %d"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2781
+#: builtin/apply.c:2824
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "while searching for:\n"
 "%.*s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2800
+#: builtin/apply.c:2843
 #, c-format
 msgid "missing binary patch data for '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2903
+#: builtin/apply.c:2946
 #, c-format
 msgid "binary patch does not apply to '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2909
+#: builtin/apply.c:2952
 #, c-format
 msgid "binary patch to '%s' creates incorrect result (expecting %s, got %s)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2930
+#: builtin/apply.c:2973
 #, c-format
 msgid "patch failed: %s:%ld"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3045
+#: builtin/apply.c:3095
 #, c-format
-msgid "patch %s has been renamed/deleted"
+msgid "cannot checkout %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3052 builtin/apply.c:3069
+#: builtin/apply.c:3140 builtin/apply.c:3149 builtin/apply.c:3193
 #, c-format
 msgid "read of %s failed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3084
-msgid "removal patch leaves file contents"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/apply.c:3105
+#: builtin/apply.c:3173 builtin/apply.c:3395
 #, c-format
-msgid "%s: already exists in working directory"
+msgid "path %s has been renamed/deleted"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3143
-#, c-format
-msgid "%s: has been deleted/renamed"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/apply.c:3148 builtin/apply.c:3179
-#, c-format
-msgid "%s: %s"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/apply.c:3159
+#: builtin/apply.c:3254 builtin/apply.c:3409
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: does not exist in index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3173
+#: builtin/apply.c:3258 builtin/apply.c:3401 builtin/apply.c:3423
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3263 builtin/apply.c:3417
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: does not match index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3190
+#: builtin/apply.c:3365
+msgid "removal patch leaves file contents"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3434
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: wrong type"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3192
+#: builtin/apply.c:3436
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s has type %o, expected %o"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3247
+#: builtin/apply.c:3537
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: already exists in index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3267
+#: builtin/apply.c:3540
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in working directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3560
 #, c-format
 msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3272
+#: builtin/apply.c:3565
 #, c-format
 msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o) of %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3280
+#: builtin/apply.c:3573
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: patch does not apply"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3293
+#: builtin/apply.c:3586
 #, c-format
 msgid "Checking patch %s..."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3348 builtin/checkout.c:212 builtin/reset.c:158
+#: builtin/apply.c:3679 builtin/checkout.c:216 builtin/reset.c:124
 #, c-format
 msgid "make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3491
+#: builtin/apply.c:3822
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to remove %s from index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3518
+#: builtin/apply.c:3850
 #, c-format
 msgid "corrupt patch for subproject %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3522
+#: builtin/apply.c:3854
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to stat newly created file '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3527
+#: builtin/apply.c:3859
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to create backing store for newly created file %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3530
+#: builtin/apply.c:3862 builtin/apply.c:3970
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to add cache entry for %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3563
+#: builtin/apply.c:3895
 #, c-format
 msgid "closing file '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3612
+#: builtin/apply.c:3944
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to write file '%s' mode %o"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3668
+#: builtin/apply.c:4031
 #, c-format
 msgid "Applied patch %s cleanly."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3676
+#: builtin/apply.c:4039
 msgid "internal error"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. Say this even without --verbose
-#: builtin/apply.c:3679
+#: builtin/apply.c:4042
 #, c-format
 msgid "Applying patch %%s with %d reject..."
 msgid_plural "Applying patch %%s with %d rejects..."
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3689
+#: builtin/apply.c:4052
 #, c-format
 msgid "truncating .rej filename to %.*s.rej"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3710
+#: builtin/apply.c:4073
 #, c-format
 msgid "Hunk #%d applied cleanly."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3713
+#: builtin/apply.c:4076
 #, c-format
 msgid "Rejected hunk #%d."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3844
+#: builtin/apply.c:4226
 msgid "unrecognized input"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3855
+#: builtin/apply.c:4237
 msgid "unable to read index file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3970 builtin/apply.c:3973
+#: builtin/apply.c:4356 builtin/apply.c:4359 builtin/clone.c:92
+#: builtin/fetch.c:63
 msgid "path"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3971
+#: builtin/apply.c:4357
 msgid "don't apply changes matching the given path"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3974
+#: builtin/apply.c:4360
 msgid "apply changes matching the given path"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3976
+#: builtin/apply.c:4362
 msgid "num"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3977
+#: builtin/apply.c:4363
 msgid "remove <num> leading slashes from traditional diff paths"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3980
+#: builtin/apply.c:4366
 msgid "ignore additions made by the patch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3982
+#: builtin/apply.c:4368
 msgid "instead of applying the patch, output diffstat for the input"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3986
-msgid "shows number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation"
+#: builtin/apply.c:4372
+msgid "show number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3988
+#: builtin/apply.c:4374
 msgid "instead of applying the patch, output a summary for the input"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3990
+#: builtin/apply.c:4376
 msgid "instead of applying the patch, see if the patch is applicable"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3992
+#: builtin/apply.c:4378
 msgid "make sure the patch is applicable to the current index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3994
+#: builtin/apply.c:4380
 msgid "apply a patch without touching the working tree"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3996
+#: builtin/apply.c:4382
 msgid "also apply the patch (use with --stat/--summary/--check)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3998
+#: builtin/apply.c:4384
+msgid "attempt three-way merge if a patch does not apply"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4386
 msgid "build a temporary index based on embedded index information"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4000
+#: builtin/apply.c:4388 builtin/checkout-index.c:197 builtin/ls-files.c:456
 msgid "paths are separated with NUL character"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4003
+#: builtin/apply.c:4391
 msgid "ensure at least <n> lines of context match"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4004
+#: builtin/apply.c:4392
 msgid "action"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4005
+#: builtin/apply.c:4393
 msgid "detect new or modified lines that have whitespace errors"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4008 builtin/apply.c:4011
+#: builtin/apply.c:4396 builtin/apply.c:4399
 msgid "ignore changes in whitespace when finding context"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4014
+#: builtin/apply.c:4402
 msgid "apply the patch in reverse"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4016
+#: builtin/apply.c:4404
 msgid "don't expect at least one line of context"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4018
+#: builtin/apply.c:4406
 msgid "leave the rejected hunks in corresponding *.rej files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4020
+#: builtin/apply.c:4408
 msgid "allow overlapping hunks"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4021
-msgid "be verbose"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/apply.c:4023
+#: builtin/apply.c:4411
 msgid "tolerate incorrectly detected missing new-line at the end of file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4026
+#: builtin/apply.c:4414
 msgid "do not trust the line counts in the hunk headers"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4028
+#: builtin/apply.c:4416
 msgid "root"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4029
+#: builtin/apply.c:4417
 msgid "prepend <root> to all filenames"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4050
+#: builtin/apply.c:4439
+msgid "--3way outside a repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4447
 msgid "--index outside a repository"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4053
+#: builtin/apply.c:4450
 msgid "--cached outside a repository"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4069
+#: builtin/apply.c:4466
 #, c-format
 msgid "can't open patch '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4083
+#: builtin/apply.c:4480
 #, c-format
 msgid "squelched %d whitespace error"
 msgid_plural "squelched %d whitespace errors"
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4089 builtin/apply.c:4099
+#: builtin/apply.c:4486 builtin/apply.c:4496
 #, c-format
 msgid "%d line adds whitespace errors."
 msgid_plural "%d lines add whitespace errors."
@@ -1453,193 +2223,523 @@
 msgid "git archive: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:63
+#: builtin/archive.c:61
 #, c-format
 msgid "git archive: NACK %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:65
+#: builtin/archive.c:63
 #, c-format
 msgid "remote error: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:66
+#: builtin/archive.c:64
 msgid "git archive: protocol error"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:71
+#: builtin/archive.c:68
 msgid "git archive: expected a flush"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:144
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:7
+msgid "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:17
+msgid "perform 'git bisect next'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:19
+msgid "update BISECT_HEAD instead of checking out the current commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:25
+msgid "git blame [options] [rev-opts] [rev] [--] file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:30
+msgid "[rev-opts] are documented in git-rev-list(1)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2355
+msgid "Show blame entries as we find them, incrementally"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2356
+msgid "Show blank SHA-1 for boundary commits (Default: off)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2357
+msgid "Do not treat root commits as boundaries (Default: off)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2358
+msgid "Show work cost statistics"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2359
+msgid "Show output score for blame entries"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2360
+msgid "Show original filename (Default: auto)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2361
+msgid "Show original linenumber (Default: off)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2362
+msgid "Show in a format designed for machine consumption"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2363
+msgid "Show porcelain format with per-line commit information"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2364
+msgid "Use the same output mode as git-annotate (Default: off)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2365
+msgid "Show raw timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2366
+msgid "Show long commit SHA1 (Default: off)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2367
+msgid "Suppress author name and timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2368
+msgid "Show author email instead of name (Default: off)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2369
+msgid "Ignore whitespace differences"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2370
+msgid "Spend extra cycles to find better match"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2371
+msgid "Use revisions from <file> instead of calling git-rev-list"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2372
+msgid "Use <file>'s contents as the final image"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2373 builtin/blame.c:2374
+msgid "score"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2373
+msgid "Find line copies within and across files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2374
+msgid "Find line movements within and across files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2375
+msgid "n,m"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2375
+msgid "Process only line range n,m, counting from 1"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:24
+msgid "git branch [options] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:25
+msgid "git branch [options] [-l] [-f] <branchname> [<start-point>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:26
+msgid "git branch [options] [-r] (-d | -D) <branchname>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:27
+msgid "git branch [options] (-m | -M) [<oldbranch>] <newbranch>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:150
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "deleting branch '%s' that has been merged to\n"
 "         '%s', but not yet merged to HEAD."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:148
+#: builtin/branch.c:154
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "not deleting branch '%s' that is not yet merged to\n"
 "         '%s', even though it is merged to HEAD."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:180
-msgid "cannot use -a with -d"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:186
-msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:191
-#, c-format
-msgid "Cannot delete the branch '%s' which you are currently on."
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:202
-#, c-format
-msgid "remote branch '%s' not found."
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:203
-#, c-format
-msgid "branch '%s' not found."
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:210
+#: builtin/branch.c:168
 #, c-format
 msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:216
+#: builtin/branch.c:172
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The branch '%s' is not fully merged.\n"
 "If you are sure you want to delete it, run 'git branch -D %s'."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:225
+#: builtin/branch.c:185
+msgid "Update of config-file failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:213
+msgid "cannot use -a with -d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:219
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:227
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot delete the branch '%s' which you are currently on."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:240
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:255
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error deleting remote branch '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:226
+#: builtin/branch.c:256
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error deleting branch '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:233
+#: builtin/branch.c:263
 #, c-format
 msgid "Deleted remote branch %s (was %s).\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:234
+#: builtin/branch.c:264
 #, c-format
 msgid "Deleted branch %s (was %s).\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:239
-msgid "Update of config-file failed"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:337
+#: builtin/branch.c:366
 #, c-format
 msgid "branch '%s' does not point at a commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:409
+#: builtin/branch.c:453
 #, c-format
 msgid "[%s: behind %d]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:411
+#: builtin/branch.c:455
 #, c-format
 msgid "[behind %d]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:415
+#: builtin/branch.c:459
 #, c-format
 msgid "[%s: ahead %d]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:417
+#: builtin/branch.c:461
 #, c-format
 msgid "[ahead %d]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:420
+#: builtin/branch.c:464
 #, c-format
 msgid "[%s: ahead %d, behind %d]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:423
+#: builtin/branch.c:467
 #, c-format
 msgid "[ahead %d, behind %d]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:535
+#: builtin/branch.c:490
+msgid " **** invalid ref ****"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, rebasing %s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:585
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, bisect started on %s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:588
+#, c-format
+msgid "(detached from %s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:591
 msgid "(no branch)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:600
+#: builtin/branch.c:637
+#, c-format
+msgid "object '%s' does not point to a commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:669
 msgid "some refs could not be read"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:613
+#: builtin/branch.c:682
 msgid "cannot rename the current branch while not on any."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:623
-#, c-format
-msgid "Invalid branch name: '%s'"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:638
-msgid "Branch rename failed"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:642
-#, c-format
-msgid "Renamed a misnamed branch '%s' away"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:646
-#, c-format
-msgid "Branch renamed to %s, but HEAD is not updated!"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:653
-msgid "Branch is renamed, but update of config-file failed"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:668
-#, c-format
-msgid "malformed object name %s"
-msgstr ""
-
 #: builtin/branch.c:692
 #, c-format
+msgid "Invalid branch name: '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:707
+msgid "Branch rename failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:711
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renamed a misnamed branch '%s' away"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:715
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch renamed to %s, but HEAD is not updated!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:722
+msgid "Branch is renamed, but update of config-file failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:737
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object name %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:761
+#, c-format
 msgid "could not write branch description template: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:783
+#: builtin/branch.c:791
+msgid "Generic options"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:793
+msgid "show hash and subject, give twice for upstream branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:794
+msgid "suppress informational messages"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:795
+msgid "set up tracking mode (see git-pull(1))"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:797
+msgid "change upstream info"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:801
+msgid "use colored output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:802
+msgid "act on remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:805 builtin/branch.c:811 builtin/branch.c:832
+#: builtin/branch.c:838 builtin/commit.c:1368 builtin/commit.c:1369
+#: builtin/commit.c:1370 builtin/commit.c:1371 builtin/tag.c:468
+msgid "commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:806 builtin/branch.c:812
+msgid "print only branches that contain the commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:818
+msgid "Specific git-branch actions:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:819
+msgid "list both remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:821
+msgid "delete fully merged branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:822
+msgid "delete branch (even if not merged)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:823
+msgid "move/rename a branch and its reflog"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:824
+msgid "move/rename a branch, even if target exists"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:825
+msgid "list branch names"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:826
+msgid "create the branch's reflog"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:828
+msgid "edit the description for the branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:829
+msgid "force creation (when already exists)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:832
+msgid "print only not merged branches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:838
+msgid "print only merged branches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:842
+msgid "list branches in columns"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:855
 msgid "Failed to resolve HEAD as a valid ref."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:788 builtin/clone.c:558
+#: builtin/branch.c:860 builtin/clone.c:619
 msgid "HEAD not found below refs/heads!"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:808
+#: builtin/branch.c:883
 msgid "--column and --verbose are incompatible"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:857
+#: builtin/branch.c:889 builtin/branch.c:928
+msgid "branch name required"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:904
+msgid "Cannot give description to detached HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:909
+msgid "cannot edit description of more than one branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:916
+#, c-format
+msgid "No commit on branch '%s' yet."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:919
+#, c-format
+msgid "No branch named '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:934
+msgid "too many branches for a rename operation"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:939
+msgid "too many branches to set new upstream"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:943
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"could not set upstream of HEAD to %s when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:946 builtin/branch.c:968 builtin/branch.c:990
+#, c-format
+msgid "no such branch '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:950
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:962
+msgid "too many branches to unset upstream"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:966
+msgid "could not unset upstream of HEAD when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:972
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch '%s' has no upstream information"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:987
+msgid "it does not make sense to create 'HEAD' manually"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:993
 msgid "-a and -r options to 'git branch' do not make sense with a branch name"
 msgstr ""
 
+#: builtin/branch.c:996
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using --"
+"track or --set-upstream-to\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1013
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you wanted to make '%s' track '%s', do this:\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1014
+#, c-format
+msgid "    git branch -d %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1015
+#, c-format
+msgid "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
 #: builtin/bundle.c:47
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s is okay\n"
@@ -1653,99 +2753,246 @@
 msgid "Need a repository to unbundle."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:113 builtin/checkout.c:146
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:176
+msgid "git cat-file (-t|-s|-e|-p|<type>|--textconv) <object>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:177
+msgid "git cat-file (--batch|--batch-check) < <list_of_objects>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:195
+msgid "<type> can be one of: blob, tree, commit, tag"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:196
+msgid "show object type"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:197
+msgid "show object size"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:199
+msgid "exit with zero when there's no error"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:200
+msgid "pretty-print object's content"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:202
+msgid "for blob objects, run textconv on object's content"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:204
+msgid "show info and content of objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:207
+msgid "show info about objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:11
+msgid "git check-attr [-a | --all | attr...] [--] pathname..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:12
+msgid "git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | attr...] < <list-of-paths>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:19
+msgid "report all attributes set on file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:20
+msgid "use .gitattributes only from the index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:21 builtin/check-ignore.c:22 builtin/hash-object.c:75
+msgid "read file names from stdin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:23 builtin/check-ignore.c:24
+msgid "input paths are terminated by a null character"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:18 builtin/checkout.c:1044 builtin/gc.c:177
+msgid "suppress progress reporting"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:146
+msgid "cannot specify pathnames with --stdin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:149
+msgid "-z only makes sense with --stdin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:151
+msgid "no path specified"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:155
+msgid "--quiet is only valid with a single pathname"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:157
+msgid "cannot have both --quiet and --verbose"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:126
+msgid "git checkout-index [options] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:187
+msgid "check out all files in the index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:188
+msgid "force overwrite of existing files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:190
+msgid "no warning for existing files and files not in index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:192
+msgid "don't checkout new files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:194
+msgid "update stat information in the index file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:200
+msgid "read list of paths from the standard input"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:202
+msgid "write the content to temporary files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:203 builtin/column.c:30
+msgid "string"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:204
+msgid "when creating files, prepend <string>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:207
+msgid "copy out the files from named stage"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:25
+msgid "git checkout [options] <branch>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:26
+msgid "git checkout [options] [<branch>] -- <file>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:117 builtin/checkout.c:150
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have our version"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:115 builtin/checkout.c:148
+#: builtin/checkout.c:119 builtin/checkout.c:152
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have their version"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:131
+#: builtin/checkout.c:135
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have all necessary versions"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:175
+#: builtin/checkout.c:179
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have necessary versions"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:192
+#: builtin/checkout.c:196
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s': cannot merge"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:209
+#: builtin/checkout.c:213
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unable to add merge result for '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:234 builtin/checkout.c:392
+#: builtin/checkout.c:237 builtin/checkout.c:240 builtin/checkout.c:243
+#: builtin/checkout.c:246
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with updating paths"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:249 builtin/checkout.c:252
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:255
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:266 builtin/checkout.c:458
 msgid "corrupt index file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:264 builtin/checkout.c:271
+#: builtin/checkout.c:329 builtin/checkout.c:336
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' is unmerged"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:302 builtin/checkout.c:498 builtin/clone.c:583
-#: builtin/merge.c:812
-msgid "unable to write new index file"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:319 builtin/diff.c:302 builtin/merge.c:408
-msgid "diff_setup_done failed"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:414
+#: builtin/checkout.c:480
 msgid "you need to resolve your current index first"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:533
+#: builtin/checkout.c:601
 #, c-format
 msgid "Can not do reflog for '%s'\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:566
+#: builtin/checkout.c:634
 msgid "HEAD is now at"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:573
+#: builtin/checkout.c:641
 #, c-format
 msgid "Reset branch '%s'\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:576
+#: builtin/checkout.c:644
 #, c-format
 msgid "Already on '%s'\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:580
+#: builtin/checkout.c:648
 #, c-format
 msgid "Switched to and reset branch '%s'\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:582
+#: builtin/checkout.c:650 builtin/checkout.c:987
 #, c-format
 msgid "Switched to a new branch '%s'\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:584
+#: builtin/checkout.c:652
 #, c-format
 msgid "Switched to branch '%s'\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:640
+#: builtin/checkout.c:708
 #, c-format
 msgid " ... and %d more.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. The singular version
-#: builtin/checkout.c:646
+#: builtin/checkout.c:714
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Warning: you are leaving %d commit behind, not connected to\n"
@@ -1760,7 +3007,7 @@
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:664
+#: builtin/checkout.c:732
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "If you want to keep them by creating a new branch, this may be a good time\n"
@@ -1770,269 +3017,494 @@
 "\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:694
+#: builtin/checkout.c:762
 msgid "internal error in revision walk"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:698
+#: builtin/checkout.c:766
 msgid "Previous HEAD position was"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:724
+#: builtin/checkout.c:793 builtin/checkout.c:982
 msgid "You are on a branch yet to be born"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. case (1)
-#: builtin/checkout.c:855
+#: builtin/checkout.c:918
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid reference: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. case (1): want a tree
-#: builtin/checkout.c:894
+#: builtin/checkout.c:957
 #, c-format
 msgid "reference is not a tree: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:974
-msgid "-B cannot be used with -b"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:996
+msgid "paths cannot be used with switching branches"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:983
-msgid "--patch is incompatible with all other options"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:999 builtin/checkout.c:1003
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with switching branches"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:986
-msgid "--detach cannot be used with -b/-B/--orphan"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1007 builtin/checkout.c:1010 builtin/checkout.c:1015
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1018
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:988
-msgid "--detach cannot be used with -t"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1023
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot switch branch to a non-commit '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:994
-msgid "--track needs a branch name"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1045 builtin/checkout.c:1047 builtin/clone.c:90
+#: builtin/remote.c:169 builtin/remote.c:171
+msgid "branch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1001
-msgid "Missing branch name; try -b"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1046
+msgid "create and checkout a new branch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1007
-msgid "--orphan and -b|-B are mutually exclusive"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1048
+msgid "create/reset and checkout a branch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1009
-msgid "--orphan cannot be used with -t"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1049
+msgid "create reflog for new branch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1019
-msgid "git checkout: -f and -m are incompatible"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1050
+msgid "detach the HEAD at named commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1051
+msgid "set upstream info for new branch"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/checkout.c:1053
+msgid "new branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1053
+msgid "new unparented branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1054
+msgid "checkout our version for unmerged files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1056
+msgid "checkout their version for unmerged files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1058
+msgid "force checkout (throw away local modifications)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1059
+msgid "perform a 3-way merge with the new branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1060 builtin/merge.c:217
+msgid "update ignored files (default)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1061 builtin/log.c:1158 parse-options.h:245
+msgid "style"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1062
+msgid "conflict style (merge or diff3)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1065
+msgid "do not limit pathspecs to sparse entries only"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1067
+msgid "second guess 'git checkout no-such-branch'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1091
+msgid "-b, -B and --orphan are mutually exclusive"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1108
+msgid "--track needs a branch name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1115
+msgid "Missing branch name; try -b"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1150
 msgid "invalid path specification"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1061
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1157
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
-"git checkout: updating paths is incompatible with switching branches.\n"
+"Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time.\n"
 "Did you intend to checkout '%s' which can not be resolved as commit?"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1063
-msgid "git checkout: updating paths is incompatible with switching branches."
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1162
+#, c-format
+msgid "git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1068
-msgid "git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1071
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1166
 msgid ""
 "git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge are incompatible when\n"
 "checking out of the index."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1090
-msgid "Cannot switch branch to a non-commit."
+#: builtin/clean.c:20
+msgid "git clean [-d] [-f] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>..."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1093
-msgid "--ours/--theirs is incompatible with switching branches."
+#: builtin/clean.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:78
+#: builtin/clean.c:25
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would remove %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:26
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping repository %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:27
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would skip repository %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:28
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to remove %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:160
+msgid "do not print names of files removed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:162
+msgid "force"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:164
+msgid "remove whole directories"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:165 builtin/describe.c:412 builtin/grep.c:717
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:487 builtin/name-rev.c:231 builtin/show-ref.c:182
+msgid "pattern"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:166
+msgid "add <pattern> to ignore rules"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:167
+msgid "remove ignored files, too"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:169
+msgid "remove only ignored files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:187
 msgid "-x and -X cannot be used together"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:82
+#: builtin/clean.c:191
 msgid ""
 "clean.requireForce set to true and neither -n nor -f given; refusing to clean"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:85
+#: builtin/clean.c:194
 msgid ""
 "clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -n nor -f given; refusing to "
 "clean"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:155 builtin/clean.c:176
-#, c-format
-msgid "Would remove %s\n"
+#: builtin/clone.c:37
+msgid "git clone [options] [--] <repo> [<dir>]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:159 builtin/clean.c:179
-#, c-format
-msgid "Removing %s\n"
+#: builtin/clone.c:65 builtin/fetch.c:82 builtin/merge.c:214
+#: builtin/push.c:436
+msgid "force progress reporting"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:162 builtin/clean.c:182
-#, c-format
-msgid "failed to remove %s"
+#: builtin/clone.c:67
+msgid "don't create a checkout"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:166
-#, c-format
-msgid "Would not remove %s\n"
+#: builtin/clone.c:68 builtin/clone.c:70 builtin/init-db.c:488
+msgid "create a bare repository"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:168
-#, c-format
-msgid "Not removing %s\n"
+#: builtin/clone.c:73
+msgid "create a mirror repository (implies bare)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:243
-#, c-format
-msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local directory."
+#: builtin/clone.c:75
+msgid "to clone from a local repository"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:302
-#, c-format
-msgid "failed to open '%s'"
+#: builtin/clone.c:77
+msgid "don't use local hardlinks, always copy"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:306
+#: builtin/clone.c:79
+msgid "setup as shared repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:81 builtin/clone.c:83
+msgid "initialize submodules in the clone"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:84 builtin/init-db.c:485
+msgid "template-directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:85 builtin/init-db.c:486
+msgid "directory from which templates will be used"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:87
+msgid "reference repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:88 builtin/column.c:26 builtin/merge-file.c:44
+msgid "name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:89
+msgid "use <name> instead of 'origin' to track upstream"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:91
+msgid "checkout <branch> instead of the remote's HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:93
+msgid "path to git-upload-pack on the remote"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:94 builtin/fetch.c:83 builtin/grep.c:662
+msgid "depth"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:95
+msgid "create a shallow clone of that depth"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:97
+msgid "clone only one branch, HEAD or --branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:98 builtin/init-db.c:494
+msgid "gitdir"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:99 builtin/init-db.c:495
+msgid "separate git dir from working tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:100
+msgid "key=value"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:101
+msgid "set config inside the new repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:254
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local repository."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:317
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to create directory '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:308 builtin/diff.c:75
+#: builtin/clone.c:319 builtin/diff.c:77
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to stat '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:310
+#: builtin/clone.c:321
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s exists and is not a directory"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:324
+#: builtin/clone.c:335
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to stat %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:341
-#, c-format
-msgid "failed to unlink '%s'"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/clone.c:346
+#: builtin/clone.c:357
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to create link '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:350
+#: builtin/clone.c:361
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to copy file to '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:373
+#: builtin/clone.c:384
 #, c-format
 msgid "done.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:440
+#: builtin/clone.c:397
+msgid ""
+"Clone succeeded, but checkout failed.\n"
+"You can inspect what was checked out with 'git status'\n"
+"and retry the checkout with 'git checkout -f HEAD'\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:476
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not find remote branch %s to clone."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:549
+#: builtin/clone.c:550
+msgid "remote did not send all necessary objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:610
 msgid "remote HEAD refers to nonexistent ref, unable to checkout.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:639
+#: builtin/clone.c:641
+msgid "unable to checkout working tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:749
 msgid "Too many arguments."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:643
+#: builtin/clone.c:753
 msgid "You must specify a repository to clone."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:654
+#: builtin/clone.c:764
 #, c-format
 msgid "--bare and --origin %s options are incompatible."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:668
+#: builtin/clone.c:767
+msgid "--bare and --separate-git-dir are incompatible."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:780
 #, c-format
 msgid "repository '%s' does not exist"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:673
+#: builtin/clone.c:785
 msgid "--depth is ignored in local clones; use file:// instead."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:683
+#: builtin/clone.c:795
 #, c-format
 msgid "destination path '%s' already exists and is not an empty directory."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:693
+#: builtin/clone.c:805
 #, c-format
 msgid "working tree '%s' already exists."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:706 builtin/clone.c:720
+#: builtin/clone.c:818 builtin/clone.c:830
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create leading directories of '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:709
+#: builtin/clone.c:821
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create work tree dir '%s'."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:728
+#: builtin/clone.c:840
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cloning into bare repository '%s'...\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:730
+#: builtin/clone.c:842
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cloning into '%s'...\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:786
+#: builtin/clone.c:877
 #, c-format
 msgid "Don't know how to clone %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:835
+#: builtin/clone.c:926
 #, c-format
 msgid "Remote branch %s not found in upstream %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:842
+#: builtin/clone.c:933
 msgid "You appear to have cloned an empty repository."
 msgstr ""
 
+#: builtin/column.c:9
+msgid "git column [options]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/column.c:26
+msgid "lookup config vars"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/column.c:27 builtin/column.c:28
+msgid "layout to use"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/column.c:29
+msgid "Maximum width"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/column.c:30
+msgid "Padding space on left border"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/column.c:31
+msgid "Padding space on right border"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/column.c:32
+msgid "Padding space between columns"
+msgstr ""
+
 #: builtin/column.c:51
 msgid "--command must be the first argument"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:43
+#: builtin/commit.c:34
+msgid "git commit [options] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:39
+msgid "git status [options] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:44
 msgid ""
 "Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
 "on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
@@ -2046,14 +3518,14 @@
 "    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:55
+#: builtin/commit.c:56
 msgid ""
 "You asked to amend the most recent commit, but doing so would make\n"
 "it empty. You can repeat your command with --allow-empty, or you can\n"
 "remove the commit entirely with \"git reset HEAD^\".\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:60
+#: builtin/commit.c:61
 msgid ""
 "The previous cherry-pick is now empty, possibly due to conflict resolution.\n"
 "If you wish to commit it anyway, use:\n"
@@ -2063,93 +3535,93 @@
 "Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:253
+#: builtin/commit.c:260
 msgid "failed to unpack HEAD tree object"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:295
+#: builtin/commit.c:302
 msgid "unable to create temporary index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:301
+#: builtin/commit.c:308
 msgid "interactive add failed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:334 builtin/commit.c:355 builtin/commit.c:405
+#: builtin/commit.c:341 builtin/commit.c:362 builtin/commit.c:412
 msgid "unable to write new_index file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:386
+#: builtin/commit.c:393
 msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a merge."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:388
+#: builtin/commit.c:395
 msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a cherry-pick."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:398
+#: builtin/commit.c:405
 msgid "cannot read the index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:418
+#: builtin/commit.c:425
 msgid "unable to write temporary index file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:493 builtin/commit.c:499
+#: builtin/commit.c:513 builtin/commit.c:519
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid commit: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:522
+#: builtin/commit.c:542
 msgid "malformed --author parameter"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:582
+#: builtin/commit.c:562
 #, c-format
 msgid "Malformed ident string: '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:620 builtin/commit.c:653 builtin/commit.c:967
+#: builtin/commit.c:600 builtin/commit.c:633 builtin/commit.c:956
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not lookup commit %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:632 builtin/shortlog.c:296
+#: builtin/commit.c:612 builtin/shortlog.c:270
 #, c-format
 msgid "(reading log message from standard input)\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:634
+#: builtin/commit.c:614
 msgid "could not read log from standard input"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:638
+#: builtin/commit.c:618
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not read log file '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:644
+#: builtin/commit.c:624
 msgid "commit has empty message"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:660
+#: builtin/commit.c:640
 msgid "could not read MERGE_MSG"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:664
+#: builtin/commit.c:644
 msgid "could not read SQUASH_MSG"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:668
+#: builtin/commit.c:648
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not read '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:720
+#: builtin/commit.c:709
 msgid "could not write commit template"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:731
+#: builtin/commit.c:720
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
@@ -2159,7 +3631,7 @@
 "and try again.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:736
+#: builtin/commit.c:725
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
@@ -2169,440 +3641,1061 @@
 "and try again.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:748
+#: builtin/commit.c:737
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
-"with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+"with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:753
+#: builtin/commit.c:742
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
-"with '#' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
+"with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
 "An empty message aborts the commit.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:766
+#: builtin/commit.c:755
 #, c-format
 msgid "%sAuthor:    %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:773
+#: builtin/commit.c:762
 #, c-format
 msgid "%sCommitter: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:793
+#: builtin/commit.c:782
 msgid "Cannot read index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:830
+#: builtin/commit.c:819
 msgid "Error building trees"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:845 builtin/tag.c:361
+#: builtin/commit.c:834 builtin/tag.c:359
 #, c-format
 msgid "Please supply the message using either -m or -F option.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:942
+#: builtin/commit.c:931
 #, c-format
 msgid "No existing author found with '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:957 builtin/commit.c:1157
+#: builtin/commit.c:946 builtin/commit.c:1140
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid untracked files mode '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:997
+#: builtin/commit.c:976
 msgid "Using both --reset-author and --author does not make sense"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1008
+#: builtin/commit.c:987
 msgid "You have nothing to amend."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1011
+#: builtin/commit.c:990
 msgid "You are in the middle of a merge -- cannot amend."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1013
+#: builtin/commit.c:992
 msgid "You are in the middle of a cherry-pick -- cannot amend."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1016
+#: builtin/commit.c:995
 msgid "Options --squash and --fixup cannot be used together"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1026
+#: builtin/commit.c:1005
 msgid "Only one of -c/-C/-F/--fixup can be used."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1028
+#: builtin/commit.c:1007
 msgid "Option -m cannot be combined with -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1036
+#: builtin/commit.c:1015
 msgid "--reset-author can be used only with -C, -c or --amend."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1053
+#: builtin/commit.c:1032
 msgid "Only one of --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch can be used."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1055
+#: builtin/commit.c:1034
 msgid "No paths with --include/--only does not make sense."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1057
+#: builtin/commit.c:1036
 msgid "Clever... amending the last one with dirty index."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1059
+#: builtin/commit.c:1038
 msgid "Explicit paths specified without -i nor -o; assuming --only paths..."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1069 builtin/tag.c:577
+#: builtin/commit.c:1048 builtin/tag.c:575
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid cleanup mode %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1074
+#: builtin/commit.c:1053
 msgid "Paths with -a does not make sense."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1257
+#: builtin/commit.c:1059 builtin/commit.c:1194
+msgid "--long and -z are incompatible"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1154 builtin/commit.c:1390
+msgid "show status concisely"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1156 builtin/commit.c:1392
+msgid "show branch information"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1158 builtin/commit.c:1394 builtin/push.c:426
+msgid "machine-readable output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1161 builtin/commit.c:1396
+msgid "show status in long format (default)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1164 builtin/commit.c:1399
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1166 builtin/commit.c:1402 builtin/fast-export.c:659
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:662 builtin/tag.c:459
+msgid "mode"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1167 builtin/commit.c:1402
+msgid "show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1170
+msgid "show ignored files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1171 parse-options.h:151
+msgid "when"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1172
+msgid ""
+"ignore changes to submodules, optional when: all, dirty, untracked. "
+"(Default: all)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1174
+msgid "list untracked files in columns"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1248
 msgid "couldn't look up newly created commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1259
+#: builtin/commit.c:1250
 msgid "could not parse newly created commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1300
+#: builtin/commit.c:1291
 msgid "detached HEAD"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1302
+#: builtin/commit.c:1293
 msgid " (root-commit)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1446
+#: builtin/commit.c:1360
+msgid "suppress summary after successful commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1361
+msgid "show diff in commit message template"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1363
+msgid "Commit message options"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1364 builtin/tag.c:457
+msgid "read message from file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1365
+msgid "author"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1365
+msgid "override author for commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1366 builtin/gc.c:178
+msgid "date"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1366
+msgid "override date for commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1367 builtin/merge.c:208 builtin/notes.c:533
+#: builtin/notes.c:690 builtin/tag.c:455
+msgid "message"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1367
+msgid "commit message"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1368
+msgid "reuse and edit message from specified commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1369
+msgid "reuse message from specified commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1370
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to fixup specified commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1371
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to squash specified commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1372
+msgid "the commit is authored by me now (used with -C/-c/--amend)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1373 builtin/log.c:1113 builtin/revert.c:109
+msgid "add Signed-off-by:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1374
+msgid "use specified template file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1375
+msgid "force edit of commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1376
+msgid "default"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1376 builtin/tag.c:460
+msgid "how to strip spaces and #comments from message"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1377
+msgid "include status in commit message template"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1378 builtin/merge.c:215 builtin/tag.c:461
+msgid "key id"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1379 builtin/merge.c:216
+msgid "GPG sign commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. end commit message options
+#: builtin/commit.c:1382
+msgid "Commit contents options"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1383
+msgid "commit all changed files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1384
+msgid "add specified files to index for commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1385
+msgid "interactively add files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1386
+msgid "interactively add changes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1387
+msgid "commit only specified files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1388
+msgid "bypass pre-commit hook"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1389
+msgid "show what would be committed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1400
+msgid "amend previous commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1401
+msgid "bypass post-rewrite hook"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1406
+msgid "ok to record an empty change"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1409
+msgid "ok to record a change with an empty message"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1441
 msgid "could not parse HEAD commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1484 builtin/merge.c:509
+#: builtin/commit.c:1479 builtin/merge.c:510
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not open '%s' for reading"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1491
+#: builtin/commit.c:1486
 #, c-format
 msgid "Corrupt MERGE_HEAD file (%s)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1498
+#: builtin/commit.c:1493
 msgid "could not read MERGE_MODE"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1517
+#: builtin/commit.c:1512
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not read commit message: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1531
+#: builtin/commit.c:1526
 #, c-format
 msgid "Aborting commit; you did not edit the message.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1536
+#: builtin/commit.c:1531
 #, c-format
 msgid "Aborting commit due to empty commit message.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1551 builtin/merge.c:936 builtin/merge.c:961
+#: builtin/commit.c:1546 builtin/merge.c:847 builtin/merge.c:872
 msgid "failed to write commit object"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1572
+#: builtin/commit.c:1567
 msgid "cannot lock HEAD ref"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1576
+#: builtin/commit.c:1571
 msgid "cannot update HEAD ref"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1587
+#: builtin/commit.c:1582
 msgid ""
 "Repository has been updated, but unable to write\n"
 "new_index file. Check that disk is not full or quota is\n"
 "not exceeded, and then \"git reset HEAD\" to recover."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:234
+#: builtin/config.c:7
+msgid "git config [options]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:51
+msgid "Config file location"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:52
+msgid "use global config file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:53
+msgid "use system config file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:54
+msgid "use repository config file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:55
+msgid "use given config file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:56
+msgid "Action"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:57
+msgid "get value: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:58
+msgid "get all values: key [value-regex]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:59
+msgid "get values for regexp: name-regex [value-regex]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:60
+msgid "replace all matching variables: name value [value_regex]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:61
+msgid "add a new variable: name value"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:62
+msgid "remove a variable: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:63
+msgid "remove all matches: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:64
+msgid "rename section: old-name new-name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:65
+msgid "remove a section: name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:66
+msgid "list all"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:67
+msgid "open an editor"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:68 builtin/config.c:69
+msgid "slot"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:68
+msgid "find the color configured: [default]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:69
+msgid "find the color setting: [stdout-is-tty]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:70
+msgid "Type"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:71
+msgid "value is \"true\" or \"false\""
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:72
+msgid "value is decimal number"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:73
+msgid "value is --bool or --int"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:74
+msgid "value is a path (file or directory name)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:75
+msgid "Other"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:76
+msgid "terminate values with NUL byte"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:77
+msgid "respect include directives on lookup"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:82
+msgid "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:97
+msgid "print sizes in human readable format"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:15
+msgid "git describe [options] <committish>*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:16
+msgid "git describe [options] --dirty"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:233
 #, c-format
 msgid "annotated tag %s not available"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:238
+#: builtin/describe.c:237
 #, c-format
 msgid "annotated tag %s has no embedded name"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:240
+#: builtin/describe.c:239
 #, c-format
 msgid "tag '%s' is really '%s' here"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:267
+#: builtin/describe.c:266
 #, c-format
 msgid "Not a valid object name %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:270
+#: builtin/describe.c:269
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s is not a valid '%s' object"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:287
+#: builtin/describe.c:286
 #, c-format
 msgid "no tag exactly matches '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:289
+#: builtin/describe.c:288
 #, c-format
 msgid "searching to describe %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:329
+#: builtin/describe.c:328
 #, c-format
 msgid "finished search at %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:353
+#: builtin/describe.c:352
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "No annotated tags can describe '%s'.\n"
 "However, there were unannotated tags: try --tags."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:357
+#: builtin/describe.c:356
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "No tags can describe '%s'.\n"
 "Try --always, or create some tags."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:378
+#: builtin/describe.c:377
 #, c-format
 msgid "traversed %lu commits\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:381
+#: builtin/describe.c:380
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "more than %i tags found; listed %i most recent\n"
 "gave up search at %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:436
+#: builtin/describe.c:402
+msgid "find the tag that comes after the commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:403
+msgid "debug search strategy on stderr"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:404
+msgid "use any ref"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:405
+msgid "use any tag, even unannotated"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:406
+msgid "always use long format"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:409
+msgid "only output exact matches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:411
+msgid "consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:413
+msgid "only consider tags matching <pattern>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:415 builtin/name-rev.c:238
+msgid "show abbreviated commit object as fallback"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:416
+msgid "mark"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:417
+msgid "append <mark> on dirty working tree (default: \"-dirty\")"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:435
 msgid "--long is incompatible with --abbrev=0"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:462
+#: builtin/describe.c:461
 msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:482
+#: builtin/describe.c:481
 msgid "--dirty is incompatible with committishes"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:77
+#: builtin/diff.c:79
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': not a regular file or symlink"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:220
+#: builtin/diff.c:228
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid option: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:297
+#: builtin/diff.c:305
 msgid "Not a git repository"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:347
+#: builtin/diff.c:348
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid object '%s' given."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:352
+#: builtin/diff.c:353
 #, c-format
 msgid "more than %d trees given: '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:362
+#: builtin/diff.c:363
 #, c-format
 msgid "more than two blobs given: '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:370
+#: builtin/diff.c:371
 #, c-format
 msgid "unhandled object '%s' given."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:200
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:22
+msgid "git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:658
+msgid "show progress after <n> objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:660
+msgid "select handling of signed tags"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:663
+msgid "select handling of tags that tag filtered objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:666
+msgid "Dump marks to this file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:668
+msgid "Import marks from this file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:670
+msgid "Fake a tagger when tags lack one"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:672
+msgid "Output full tree for each commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:674
+msgid "Use the done feature to terminate the stream"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:675
+msgid "Skip output of blob data"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:20
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:21
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] <group>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:22
+msgid "git fetch --multiple [<options>] [(<repository> | <group>)...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:23
+msgid "git fetch --all [<options>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:60
+msgid "fetch from all remotes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:62
+msgid "append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:64
+msgid "path to upload pack on remote end"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:65
+msgid "force overwrite of local branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:67
+msgid "fetch from multiple remotes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:69
+msgid "fetch all tags and associated objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:71
+msgid "do not fetch all tags (--no-tags)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:73
+msgid "prune remote-tracking branches no longer on remote"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:74
+msgid "on-demand"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:75
+msgid "control recursive fetching of submodules"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:79
+msgid "keep downloaded pack"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:81
+msgid "allow updating of HEAD ref"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:84
+msgid "deepen history of shallow clone"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:86
+msgid "convert to a complete repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:88 builtin/log.c:1130
+msgid "dir"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:89
+msgid "prepend this to submodule path output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:92
+msgid "default mode for recursion"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:204
 msgid "Couldn't find remote ref HEAD"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:253
+#: builtin/fetch.c:257
 #, c-format
 msgid "object %s not found"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:259
+#: builtin/fetch.c:262
 msgid "[up to date]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:273
+#: builtin/fetch.c:276
 #, c-format
 msgid "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (can't fetch in current branch)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:274 builtin/fetch.c:360
+#: builtin/fetch.c:277 builtin/fetch.c:363
 msgid "[rejected]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:285
+#: builtin/fetch.c:288
 msgid "[tag update]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:287 builtin/fetch.c:322 builtin/fetch.c:340
+#: builtin/fetch.c:290 builtin/fetch.c:325 builtin/fetch.c:343
 msgid "  (unable to update local ref)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:305
+#: builtin/fetch.c:308
 msgid "[new tag]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:308
+#: builtin/fetch.c:311
 msgid "[new branch]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:311
+#: builtin/fetch.c:314
 msgid "[new ref]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:356
+#: builtin/fetch.c:359
 msgid "unable to update local ref"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:356
+#: builtin/fetch.c:359
 msgid "forced update"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:362
+#: builtin/fetch.c:365
 msgid "(non-fast-forward)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:393 builtin/fetch.c:685
+#: builtin/fetch.c:396 builtin/fetch.c:688
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open %s: %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:402
+#: builtin/fetch.c:405
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s did not send all necessary objects\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:488
+#: builtin/fetch.c:491
 #, c-format
 msgid "From %.*s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:499
+#: builtin/fetch.c:502
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "some local refs could not be updated; try running\n"
 " 'git remote prune %s' to remove any old, conflicting branches"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:549
+#: builtin/fetch.c:552
 #, c-format
 msgid "   (%s will become dangling)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:550
+#: builtin/fetch.c:553
 #, c-format
 msgid "   (%s has become dangling)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:557
+#: builtin/fetch.c:560
 msgid "[deleted]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:558 builtin/remote.c:1055
+#: builtin/fetch.c:561 builtin/remote.c:1055
 msgid "(none)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:675
+#: builtin/fetch.c:678
 #, c-format
 msgid "Refusing to fetch into current branch %s of non-bare repository"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:709
+#: builtin/fetch.c:712
 #, c-format
 msgid "Don't know how to fetch from %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:786
+#: builtin/fetch.c:789
 #, c-format
 msgid "Option \"%s\" value \"%s\" is not valid for %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:789
+#: builtin/fetch.c:792
 #, c-format
 msgid "Option \"%s\" is ignored for %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:888
+#: builtin/fetch.c:894
 #, c-format
 msgid "Fetching %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:890 builtin/remote.c:100
+#: builtin/fetch.c:896 builtin/remote.c:100
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not fetch %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:907
+#: builtin/fetch.c:915
 msgid ""
 "No remote repository specified.  Please, specify either a URL or a\n"
 "remote name from which new revisions should be fetched."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:927
+#: builtin/fetch.c:935
 msgid "You need to specify a tag name."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:979
+#: builtin/fetch.c:981
+msgid "--depth and --unshallow cannot be used together"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:983
+msgid "--unshallow on a complete repository does not make sense"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1002
 msgid "fetch --all does not take a repository argument"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:981
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1004
 msgid "fetch --all does not make sense with refspecs"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:992
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1015
 #, c-format
 msgid "No such remote or remote group: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:1000
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1023
 msgid "Fetching a group and specifying refspecs does not make sense"
 msgstr ""
 
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:13
+msgid "git fmt-merge-msg [-m <message>] [--log[=<n>]|--no-log] [--file <file>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:663 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:666 builtin/grep.c:701
+#: builtin/merge.c:188 builtin/show-branch.c:655 builtin/show-ref.c:175
+#: builtin/tag.c:446 parse-options.h:133 parse-options.h:239
+msgid "n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:664
+msgid "populate log with at most <n> entries from shortlog"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:667
+msgid "alias for --log (deprecated)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:670
+msgid "text"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:671
+msgid "use <text> as start of message"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:672
+msgid "file to read from"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:979
+msgid "git for-each-ref [options] [<pattern>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:994
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for shells"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:996
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for perl"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:998
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for python"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1000
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for tcl"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1003
+msgid "show only <n> matched refs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1004
+msgid "format"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1004
+msgid "format to use for the output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1005
+msgid "key"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1006
+msgid "field name to sort on"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:608
+msgid "git fsck [options] [<object>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:614
+msgid "show unreachable objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:615
+msgid "show dangling objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:616
+msgid "report tags"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:617
+msgid "report root nodes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:618
+msgid "make index objects head nodes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:619
+msgid "make reflogs head nodes (default)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:620
+msgid "also consider packs and alternate objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:621
+msgid "enable more strict checking"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:623
+msgid "write dangling objects in .git/lost-found"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:624 builtin/prune.c:134
+msgid "show progress"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:22
+msgid "git gc [options]"
+msgstr ""
+
 #: builtin/gc.c:63
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid %s: '%s'"
@@ -2613,379 +4706,680 @@
 msgid "insanely long object directory %.*s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:221
-#, c-format
-msgid "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance.\n"
+#: builtin/gc.c:179
+msgid "prune unreferenced objects"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:224
+#: builtin/gc.c:181
+msgid "be more thorough (increased runtime)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:182
+msgid "enable auto-gc mode"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:222
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance. You may also\n"
 "run \"git gc\" manually. See \"git help gc\" for more information.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:251
+#: builtin/gc.c:249
 msgid ""
 "There are too many unreachable loose objects; run 'git prune' to remove them."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:216
+#: builtin/grep.c:22
+msgid "git grep [options] [-e] <pattern> [<rev>...] [[--] <path>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:217
 #, c-format
 msgid "grep: failed to create thread: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:402
+#: builtin/grep.c:365
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to chdir: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:478 builtin/grep.c:512
+#: builtin/grep.c:443 builtin/grep.c:478
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to read tree (%s)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:526
+#: builtin/grep.c:493
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to grep from object of type %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:584
+#: builtin/grep.c:551
 #, c-format
 msgid "switch `%c' expects a numerical value"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:601
+#: builtin/grep.c:568
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:885
+#: builtin/grep.c:643
+msgid "search in index instead of in the work tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:645
+msgid "find in contents not managed by git"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:647
+msgid "search in both tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:649
+msgid "search also in ignored files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:652
+msgid "show non-matching lines"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:654
+msgid "case insensitive matching"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:656
+msgid "match patterns only at word boundaries"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:658
+msgid "process binary files as text"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:660
+msgid "don't match patterns in binary files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:663
+msgid "descend at most <depth> levels"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:667
+msgid "use extended POSIX regular expressions"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:670
+msgid "use basic POSIX regular expressions (default)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:673
+msgid "interpret patterns as fixed strings"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:676
+msgid "use Perl-compatible regular expressions"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:679
+msgid "show line numbers"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:680
+msgid "don't show filenames"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:681
+msgid "show filenames"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:683
+msgid "show filenames relative to top directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:685
+msgid "show only filenames instead of matching lines"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:687
+msgid "synonym for --files-with-matches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:690
+msgid "show only the names of files without match"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:692
+msgid "print NUL after filenames"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:694
+msgid "show the number of matches instead of matching lines"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:695
+msgid "highlight matches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:697
+msgid "print empty line between matches from different files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:699
+msgid "show filename only once above matches from same file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:702
+msgid "show <n> context lines before and after matches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:705
+msgid "show <n> context lines before matches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:707
+msgid "show <n> context lines after matches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:708
+msgid "shortcut for -C NUM"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:711
+msgid "show a line with the function name before matches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:713
+msgid "show the surrounding function"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:716
+msgid "read patterns from file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:718
+msgid "match <pattern>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:720
+msgid "combine patterns specified with -e"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:732
+msgid "indicate hit with exit status without output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:734
+msgid "show only matches from files that match all patterns"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:736
+msgid "show parse tree for grep expression"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:740
+msgid "pager"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:740
+msgid "show matching files in the pager"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:743
+msgid "allow calling of grep(1) (ignored by this build)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:744 builtin/show-ref.c:184
+msgid "show usage"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:811
 msgid "no pattern given."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:899
-#, c-format
-msgid "bad object %s"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/grep.c:940
+#: builtin/grep.c:866
 msgid "--open-files-in-pager only works on the worktree"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:963
+#: builtin/grep.c:889
 msgid "--cached or --untracked cannot be used with --no-index."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:968
+#: builtin/grep.c:894
 msgid "--no-index or --untracked cannot be used with revs."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:971
+#: builtin/grep.c:897
 msgid "--[no-]exclude-standard cannot be used for tracked contents."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:979
+#: builtin/grep.c:905
 msgid "both --cached and trees are given."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/help.c:59
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:60
+msgid ""
+"git hash-object [-t <type>] [-w] [--path=<file>|--no-filters] [--stdin] [--] "
+"<file>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:61
+msgid "git hash-object  --stdin-paths < <list-of-paths>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:72
+msgid "type"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:72
+msgid "object type"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:73
+msgid "write the object into the object database"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:74
+msgid "read the object from stdin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:76
+msgid "store file as is without filters"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:77
+msgid "process file as it were from this path"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:43
+msgid "print all available commands"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:44
+msgid "print list of useful guides"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:45
+msgid "show man page"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:46
+msgid "show manual in web browser"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:48
+msgid "show info page"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:54
+msgid "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man|--web|--info] [command]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:66
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized help format '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/help.c:87
+#: builtin/help.c:94
 msgid "Failed to start emacsclient."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/help.c:100
+#: builtin/help.c:107
 msgid "Failed to parse emacsclient version."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/help.c:108
+#: builtin/help.c:115
 #, c-format
 msgid "emacsclient version '%d' too old (< 22)."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/help.c:126 builtin/help.c:154 builtin/help.c:163 builtin/help.c:171
+#: builtin/help.c:133 builtin/help.c:161 builtin/help.c:170 builtin/help.c:178
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to exec '%s': %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/help.c:211
+#: builtin/help.c:218
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s': path for unsupported man viewer.\n"
 "Please consider using 'man.<tool>.cmd' instead."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/help.c:223
+#: builtin/help.c:230
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s': cmd for supported man viewer.\n"
 "Please consider using 'man.<tool>.path' instead."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/help.c:287
-msgid "The most commonly used git commands are:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/help.c:355
+#: builtin/help.c:351
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': unknown man viewer."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/help.c:372
+#: builtin/help.c:368
 msgid "no man viewer handled the request"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/help.c:380
+#: builtin/help.c:376
 msgid "no info viewer handled the request"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/help.c:391
-#, c-format
-msgid "'%s': not a documentation directory."
+#: builtin/help.c:422
+msgid "Defining attributes per path"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/help.c:432 builtin/help.c:439
+#: builtin/help.c:423
+msgid "A Git glossary"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:424
+msgid "Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:425
+msgid "Defining submodule properties"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:426
+msgid "Specifying revisions and ranges for Git"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:427
+msgid "A tutorial introduction to Git (for version 1.5.1 or newer)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:428
+msgid "An overview of recommended workflows with Git"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:440
+msgid "The common Git guides are:\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:462 builtin/help.c:478
 #, c-format
 msgid "usage: %s%s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/help.c:453
+#: builtin/help.c:494
 #, c-format
 msgid "`git %s' is aliased to `%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:169
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:182
 #, c-format
 msgid "object type mismatch at %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:189
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:202
 msgid "object of unexpected type"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:226
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:239
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot fill %d byte"
 msgid_plural "cannot fill %d bytes"
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:236
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:249
 msgid "early EOF"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:237
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:250
 msgid "read error on input"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:249
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:262
 msgid "used more bytes than were available"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:256
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:269
 msgid "pack too large for current definition of off_t"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:272
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:285
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to create '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:277
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:290
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open packfile '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:291
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:304
 msgid "pack signature mismatch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:311
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:306
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack version %<PRIu32> unsupported"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:324
 #, c-format
 msgid "pack has bad object at offset %lu: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:405
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:446
 #, c-format
 msgid "inflate returned %d"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:450
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:495
 msgid "offset value overflow for delta base object"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:458
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:503
 msgid "delta base offset is out of bound"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:466
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:511
 #, c-format
 msgid "unknown object type %d"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:495
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:542
 msgid "cannot pread pack file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:497
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:544
 #, c-format
 msgid "premature end of pack file, %lu byte missing"
 msgid_plural "premature end of pack file, %lu bytes missing"
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:510
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:570
 msgid "serious inflate inconsistency"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:583
-#, c-format
-msgid "cannot read existing object %s"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:586
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:661 builtin/index-pack.c:667 builtin/index-pack.c:690
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:724 builtin/index-pack.c:733
 #, c-format
 msgid "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:598
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:664 builtin/pack-objects.c:170
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:262
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:730
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read existing object %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:744
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid blob object %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:610
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:759
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:612
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:761
 msgid "Error in object"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:614
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:763
 #, c-format
 msgid "Not all child objects of %s are reachable"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:687 builtin/index-pack.c:713
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:833 builtin/index-pack.c:863
 msgid "failed to apply delta"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:850
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1004
 msgid "Receiving objects"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:850
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1004
 msgid "Indexing objects"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:872
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1030
 msgid "pack is corrupted (SHA1 mismatch)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:877
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1035
 msgid "cannot fstat packfile"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:880
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1038
 msgid "pack has junk at the end"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:903
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1049
+msgid "confusion beyond insanity in parse_pack_objects()"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1072
 msgid "Resolving deltas"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:954
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1082
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create thread: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1124
 msgid "confusion beyond insanity"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:973
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1132
+#, c-format
+msgid "completed with %d local objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1142
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unexpected tail checksum for %s (disk corruption?)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1146
 #, c-format
 msgid "pack has %d unresolved delta"
 msgid_plural "pack has %d unresolved deltas"
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:998
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1171
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to deflate appended object (%d)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1077
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1250
 #, c-format
 msgid "local object %s is corrupt"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1101
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1274
 msgid "error while closing pack file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1114
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1287
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot write keep file '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1122
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1295
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot close written keep file '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1135
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1308
 msgid "cannot store pack file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1146
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1319
 msgid "cannot store index file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1247
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1352
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1358
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid number of threads specified (%d)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1362 builtin/index-pack.c:1535
+#, c-format
+msgid "no threads support, ignoring %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1420
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot open existing pack file '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1249
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1422
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot open existing pack idx file for '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1296
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1469
 #, c-format
 msgid "non delta: %d object"
 msgid_plural "non delta: %d objects"
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1303
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1476
 #, c-format
 msgid "chain length = %d: %lu object"
 msgid_plural "chain length = %d: %lu objects"
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1330
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1503
 msgid "Cannot come back to cwd"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1374 builtin/index-pack.c:1377
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1389 builtin/index-pack.c:1393
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1547 builtin/index-pack.c:1550
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1562 builtin/index-pack.c:1566
 #, c-format
 msgid "bad %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1407
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1580
 msgid "--fix-thin cannot be used without --stdin"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1411 builtin/index-pack.c:1421
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1584 builtin/index-pack.c:1594
 #, c-format
 msgid "packfile name '%s' does not end with '.pack'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1430
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1603
 msgid "--verify with no packfile name given"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -3059,22 +5453,22 @@
 msgid "insane git directory %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:322 builtin/init-db.c:325
+#: builtin/init-db.c:323 builtin/init-db.c:326
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s already exists"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:354
+#: builtin/init-db.c:355
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to handle file type %d"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:357
+#: builtin/init-db.c:358
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to move %s to %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:362
+#: builtin/init-db.c:363
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not create git link %s"
 msgstr ""
@@ -3084,151 +5478,456 @@
 #. * existing" or "Initialized empty", the second " shared" or
 #. * "", and the last '%s%s' is the verbatim directory name.
 #.
-#: builtin/init-db.c:419
+#: builtin/init-db.c:420
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s%s Git repository in %s%s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:420
+#: builtin/init-db.c:421
 msgid "Reinitialized existing"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:420
+#: builtin/init-db.c:421
 msgid "Initialized empty"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:421
+#: builtin/init-db.c:422
 msgid " shared"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:440
+#: builtin/init-db.c:441
 msgid "cannot tell cwd"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:521 builtin/init-db.c:528
+#: builtin/init-db.c:467
+msgid ""
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<template-directory>] [--"
+"shared[=<permissions>]] [directory]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:490
+msgid "permissions"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:491
+msgid "specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:493 builtin/prune-packed.c:77
+msgid "be quiet"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:522 builtin/init-db.c:529
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot mkdir %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:532
+#: builtin/init-db.c:533
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot chdir to %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:554
+#: builtin/init-db.c:555
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "%s (or --work-tree=<directory>) not allowed without specifying %s (or --git-"
 "dir=<directory>)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:578
+#: builtin/init-db.c:579
 msgid "Cannot access current working directory"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:585
+#: builtin/init-db.c:586
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot access work tree '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:188
+#: builtin/log.c:40
+msgid "git log [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] <path>...]\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:41
+msgid "   or: git show [options] <object>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:103
+msgid "suppress diff output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:104
+msgid "show source"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:105
+msgid "Use mail map file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:106
+msgid "decorate options"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:199
 #, c-format
 msgid "Final output: %d %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:401 builtin/log.c:489
+#: builtin/log.c:422 builtin/log.c:514
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not read object %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:513
+#: builtin/log.c:538
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown type: %d"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:602
+#: builtin/log.c:638
 msgid "format.headers without value"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:676
+#: builtin/log.c:720
 msgid "name of output directory is too long"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:687
+#: builtin/log.c:736
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot open patch file %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:701
+#: builtin/log.c:750
 msgid "Need exactly one range."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:709
+#: builtin/log.c:758
 msgid "Not a range."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:786
+#: builtin/log.c:860
 msgid "Cover letter needs email format"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:859
+#: builtin/log.c:936
 #, c-format
 msgid "insane in-reply-to: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:932
+#: builtin/log.c:964
+msgid "git format-patch [options] [<since> | <revision range>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1009
 msgid "Two output directories?"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1153
-#, c-format
-msgid "bogus committer info %s"
+#: builtin/log.c:1108
+msgid "use [PATCH n/m] even with a single patch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1198
+#: builtin/log.c:1111
+msgid "use [PATCH] even with multiple patches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1115
+msgid "print patches to standard out"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1117
+msgid "generate a cover letter"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1119
+msgid "use simple number sequence for output file names"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1120
+msgid "sfx"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1121
+msgid "use <sfx> instead of '.patch'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1123
+msgid "start numbering patches at <n> instead of 1"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1125
+msgid "mark the series as Nth re-roll"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1127
+msgid "Use [<prefix>] instead of [PATCH]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1130
+msgid "store resulting files in <dir>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1133
+msgid "don't strip/add [PATCH]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1136
+msgid "don't output binary diffs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1138
+msgid "don't include a patch matching a commit upstream"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1140
+msgid "show patch format instead of default (patch + stat)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1142
+msgid "Messaging"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1143
+msgid "header"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1144
+msgid "add email header"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1145 builtin/log.c:1147
+msgid "email"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1145
+msgid "add To: header"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1147
+msgid "add Cc: header"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1149
+msgid "message-id"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1150
+msgid "make first mail a reply to <message-id>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1151 builtin/log.c:1154
+msgid "boundary"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1152
+msgid "attach the patch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1155
+msgid "inline the patch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1159
+msgid "enable message threading, styles: shallow, deep"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1161
+msgid "signature"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1162
+msgid "add a signature"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1164
+msgid "don't print the patch filenames"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1248
 msgid "-n and -k are mutually exclusive."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1200
+#: builtin/log.c:1250
 msgid "--subject-prefix and -k are mutually exclusive."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1208
+#: builtin/log.c:1258
 msgid "--name-only does not make sense"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1210
+#: builtin/log.c:1260
 msgid "--name-status does not make sense"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1212
+#: builtin/log.c:1262
 msgid "--check does not make sense"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1235
+#: builtin/log.c:1285
 msgid "standard output, or directory, which one?"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1237
+#: builtin/log.c:1287
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not create directory '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1390
+#: builtin/log.c:1435
 msgid "Failed to create output files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1494
+#: builtin/log.c:1484
+msgid "git cherry [-v] [<upstream> [<head> [<limit>]]]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1539
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Could not find a tracked remote branch, please specify <upstream> manually.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1510 builtin/log.c:1512 builtin/log.c:1524
+#: builtin/log.c:1552 builtin/log.c:1554 builtin/log.c:1566
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown commit %s"
 msgstr ""
 
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:402
+msgid "git ls-files [options] [<file>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:459
+msgid "identify the file status with tags"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:461
+msgid "use lowercase letters for 'assume unchanged' files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:463
+msgid "show cached files in the output (default)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:465
+msgid "show deleted files in the output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:467
+msgid "show modified files in the output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:469
+msgid "show other files in the output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:471
+msgid "show ignored files in the output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:474
+msgid "show staged contents' object name in the output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:476
+msgid "show files on the filesystem that need to be removed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:478
+msgid "show 'other' directories' name only"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:481
+msgid "don't show empty directories"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:484
+msgid "show unmerged files in the output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:486
+msgid "show resolve-undo information"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:488
+msgid "skip files matching pattern"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:491
+msgid "exclude patterns are read from <file>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:494
+msgid "read additional per-directory exclude patterns in <file>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:496
+msgid "add the standard git exclusions"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:499
+msgid "make the output relative to the project top directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:502
+msgid "if any <file> is not in the index, treat this as an error"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:503
+msgid "tree-ish"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:504
+msgid "pretend that paths removed since <tree-ish> are still present"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:506
+msgid "show debugging data"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:27
+msgid "git ls-tree [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:125
+msgid "only show trees"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:127
+msgid "recurse into subtrees"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:129
+msgid "show trees when recursing"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:132
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL byte"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:133
+msgid "include object size"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:135 builtin/ls-tree.c:137
+msgid "list only filenames"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:140
+msgid "use full path names"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:142
+msgid "list entire tree; not just current directory (implies --full-name)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:43
+msgid "git merge [options] [<commit>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:44
+msgid "git merge [options] <msg> HEAD <commit>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:45
+msgid "git merge --abort"
+msgstr ""
+
 #: builtin/merge.c:90
 msgid "switch `m' requires a value"
 msgstr ""
@@ -3248,238 +5947,414 @@
 msgid "Available custom strategies are:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:240
+#: builtin/merge.c:183
+msgid "do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:186
+msgid "show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:187
+msgid "(synonym to --stat)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:189
+msgid "add (at most <n>) entries from shortlog to merge commit message"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:192
+msgid "create a single commit instead of doing a merge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:194
+msgid "perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:196
+msgid "edit message before committing"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:198
+msgid "allow fast-forward (default)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:200
+msgid "abort if fast-forward is not possible"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:203
+msgid "Verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:204 builtin/notes.c:866 builtin/revert.c:112
+msgid "strategy"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:205
+msgid "merge strategy to use"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:206
+msgid "option=value"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:207
+msgid "option for selected merge strategy"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:209
+msgid "merge commit message (for a non-fast-forward merge)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:213
+msgid "abort the current in-progress merge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:242
 msgid "could not run stash."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:245
+#: builtin/merge.c:247
 msgid "stash failed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:250
+#: builtin/merge.c:252
 #, c-format
 msgid "not a valid object: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:269 builtin/merge.c:286
+#: builtin/merge.c:271 builtin/merge.c:288
 msgid "read-tree failed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:316
+#: builtin/merge.c:318
 msgid " (nothing to squash)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:329
+#: builtin/merge.c:331
 #, c-format
 msgid "Squash commit -- not updating HEAD\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:361
+#: builtin/merge.c:363
 msgid "Writing SQUASH_MSG"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:363
+#: builtin/merge.c:365
 msgid "Finishing SQUASH_MSG"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:386
+#: builtin/merge.c:388
 #, c-format
 msgid "No merge message -- not updating HEAD\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:437
+#: builtin/merge.c:438
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' does not point to a commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:536
+#: builtin/merge.c:550
 #, c-format
 msgid "Bad branch.%s.mergeoptions string: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:629
+#: builtin/merge.c:643
 msgid "git write-tree failed to write a tree"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:679
-msgid "failed to read the cache"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/merge.c:697
-msgid "Unable to write index."
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/merge.c:710
+#: builtin/merge.c:671
 msgid "Not handling anything other than two heads merge."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:724
+#: builtin/merge.c:685
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown option for merge-recursive: -X%s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:738
+#: builtin/merge.c:699
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to write %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:877
+#: builtin/merge.c:788
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not read from '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:886
+#: builtin/merge.c:797
 #, c-format
 msgid "Not committing merge; use 'git commit' to complete the merge.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:892
+#: builtin/merge.c:803
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Please enter a commit message to explain why this merge is necessary,\n"
 "especially if it merges an updated upstream into a topic branch.\n"
 "\n"
-"Lines starting with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
 "the commit.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:916
+#: builtin/merge.c:827
 msgid "Empty commit message."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:928
+#: builtin/merge.c:839
 #, c-format
 msgid "Wonderful.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:993
+#: builtin/merge.c:904
 #, c-format
 msgid "Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1009
+#: builtin/merge.c:920
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' is not a commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1050
+#: builtin/merge.c:961
 msgid "No current branch."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1052
+#: builtin/merge.c:963
 msgid "No remote for the current branch."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1054
+#: builtin/merge.c:965
 msgid "No default upstream defined for the current branch."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1059
+#: builtin/merge.c:970
 #, c-format
 msgid "No remote tracking branch for %s from %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1146 builtin/merge.c:1303
+#: builtin/merge.c:1057 builtin/merge.c:1214
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s - not something we can merge"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1214
+#: builtin/merge.c:1125
 msgid "There is no merge to abort (MERGE_HEAD missing)."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1230 git-pull.sh:31
+#: builtin/merge.c:1141 git-pull.sh:31
 msgid ""
 "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
 "Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1233 git-pull.sh:34
+#: builtin/merge.c:1144 git-pull.sh:34
 msgid "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists)."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1237
+#: builtin/merge.c:1148
 msgid ""
 "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists).\n"
 "Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1240
+#: builtin/merge.c:1151
 msgid "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists)."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1249
+#: builtin/merge.c:1160
 msgid "You cannot combine --squash with --no-ff."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1254
+#: builtin/merge.c:1165
 msgid "You cannot combine --no-ff with --ff-only."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1261
+#: builtin/merge.c:1172
 msgid "No commit specified and merge.defaultToUpstream not set."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1293
+#: builtin/merge.c:1204
 msgid "Can merge only exactly one commit into empty head"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1296
+#: builtin/merge.c:1207
 msgid "Squash commit into empty head not supported yet"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1298
+#: builtin/merge.c:1209
 msgid "Non-fast-forward commit does not make sense into an empty head"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1413
+#: builtin/merge.c:1265
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has an untrusted GPG signature, allegedly by %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1268
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a bad GPG signature allegedly by %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. 'N'
+#: builtin/merge.c:1271
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have a GPG signature."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1274
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a good GPG signature by %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1358
 #, c-format
 msgid "Updating %s..%s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1451
+#: builtin/merge.c:1397
 #, c-format
 msgid "Trying really trivial in-index merge...\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1458
+#: builtin/merge.c:1404
 #, c-format
 msgid "Nope.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1490
+#: builtin/merge.c:1436
 msgid "Not possible to fast-forward, aborting."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1513 builtin/merge.c:1592
+#: builtin/merge.c:1459 builtin/merge.c:1538
 #, c-format
 msgid "Rewinding the tree to pristine...\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1517
+#: builtin/merge.c:1463
 #, c-format
 msgid "Trying merge strategy %s...\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1583
+#: builtin/merge.c:1529
 #, c-format
 msgid "No merge strategy handled the merge.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1585
+#: builtin/merge.c:1531
 #, c-format
 msgid "Merge with strategy %s failed.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1594
+#: builtin/merge.c:1540
 #, c-format
 msgid "Using the %s to prepare resolving by hand.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1606
+#: builtin/merge.c:1552
 #, c-format
 msgid "Automatic merge went well; stopped before committing as requested\n"
 msgstr ""
 
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:26
+msgid "git merge-base [-a|--all] <commit> <commit>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:27
+msgid "git merge-base [-a|--all] --octopus <commit>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:28
+msgid "git merge-base --independent <commit>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:29
+msgid "git merge-base --is-ancestor <commit> <commit>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:98
+msgid "output all common ancestors"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:99
+msgid "find ancestors for a single n-way merge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:100
+msgid "list revs not reachable from others"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:102
+msgid "is the first one ancestor of the other?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:8
+msgid ""
+"git merge-file [options] [-L name1 [-L orig [-L name2]]] file1 orig_file "
+"file2"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:33
+msgid "send results to standard output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:34
+msgid "use a diff3 based merge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:35
+msgid "for conflicts, use our version"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:37
+msgid "for conflicts, use their version"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:39
+msgid "for conflicts, use a union version"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:42
+msgid "for conflicts, use this marker size"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:43
+msgid "do not warn about conflicts"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:45
+msgid "set labels for file1/orig_file/file2"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:67
+msgid "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:153
+msgid "input is NUL terminated"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:154 builtin/write-tree.c:24
+msgid "allow missing objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:155
+msgid "allow creation of more than one tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:14
+msgid "git mv [options] <source>... <destination>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:64
+msgid "force move/rename even if target exists"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:65
+msgid "skip move/rename errors"
+msgstr ""
+
 #: builtin/mv.c:108
 #, c-format
 msgid "Checking rename of '%s' to '%s'\n"
@@ -3542,178 +6417,562 @@
 msgid "renaming '%s' failed"
 msgstr ""
 
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:175
+msgid "git name-rev [options] <commit>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:176
+msgid "git name-rev [options] --all"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:177
+msgid "git name-rev [options] --stdin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:229
+msgid "print only names (no SHA-1)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:230
+msgid "only use tags to name the commits"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:232
+msgid "only use refs matching <pattern>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:234
+msgid "list all commits reachable from all refs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:235
+msgid "read from stdin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:236
+msgid "allow to print `undefined` names"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:26
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:27
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] add [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file> | (-c | -C) "
+"<object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:28
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] copy [-f] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:29
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] append [-m <msg> | -F <file> | (-c | -C) "
+"<object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:30
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] edit [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:31
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] show [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:32
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy> ] <notes_ref>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:33
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:34
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:35
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] remove [<object>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:36
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] prune [-n | -v]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:37
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] get-ref"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:42
+msgid "git notes [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:47
+msgid "git notes add [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:52
+msgid "git notes copy [<options>] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:53
+msgid "git notes copy --stdin [<from-object> <to-object>]..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:58
+msgid "git notes append [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:63
+msgid "git notes edit [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:68
+msgid "git notes show [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:73
+msgid "git notes merge [<options>] <notes_ref>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:74
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [<options>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:75
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [<options>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:80
+msgid "git notes remove [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:85
+msgid "git notes prune [<options>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:90
+msgid "git notes get-ref"
+msgstr ""
+
 #: builtin/notes.c:139
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to start 'show' for object '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:145
-msgid "can't fdopen 'show' output fd"
+#: builtin/notes.c:143
+msgid "could not read 'show' output"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:155
-#, c-format
-msgid "failed to close pipe to 'show' for object '%s'"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:158
+#: builtin/notes.c:151
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to finish 'show' for object '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:175 builtin/tag.c:347
+#: builtin/notes.c:169 builtin/tag.c:341
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create file '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:189
+#: builtin/notes.c:188
 msgid "Please supply the note contents using either -m or -F option"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:210 builtin/notes.c:973
+#: builtin/notes.c:209 builtin/notes.c:972
 #, c-format
 msgid "Removing note for object %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:215
+#: builtin/notes.c:214
 msgid "unable to write note object"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:217
+#: builtin/notes.c:216
 #, c-format
 msgid "The note contents has been left in %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:251 builtin/tag.c:542
+#: builtin/notes.c:250 builtin/tag.c:540
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:253 builtin/tag.c:545
+#: builtin/notes.c:252 builtin/tag.c:543
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not open or read '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:272 builtin/notes.c:445 builtin/notes.c:447
-#: builtin/notes.c:507 builtin/notes.c:561 builtin/notes.c:644
-#: builtin/notes.c:649 builtin/notes.c:724 builtin/notes.c:766
-#: builtin/notes.c:968 builtin/reset.c:293 builtin/tag.c:558
+#: builtin/notes.c:271 builtin/notes.c:444 builtin/notes.c:446
+#: builtin/notes.c:506 builtin/notes.c:560 builtin/notes.c:643
+#: builtin/notes.c:648 builtin/notes.c:723 builtin/notes.c:765
+#: builtin/notes.c:967 builtin/tag.c:556
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:275
+#: builtin/notes.c:274
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to read object '%s'."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:299
+#: builtin/notes.c:298
 msgid "Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:340
+#: builtin/notes.c:339
 #, c-format
 msgid "Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:350
+#: builtin/notes.c:349
 #, c-format
 msgid "Refusing to rewrite notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
 #. environment variable, the second %s is its value
-#: builtin/notes.c:377
+#: builtin/notes.c:376
 #, c-format
 msgid "Bad %s value: '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:441
+#: builtin/notes.c:440
 #, c-format
 msgid "Malformed input line: '%s'."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:456
+#: builtin/notes.c:455
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to copy notes from '%s' to '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:500 builtin/notes.c:554 builtin/notes.c:627
-#: builtin/notes.c:639 builtin/notes.c:712 builtin/notes.c:759
-#: builtin/notes.c:1033
+#: builtin/notes.c:499 builtin/notes.c:553 builtin/notes.c:626
+#: builtin/notes.c:638 builtin/notes.c:711 builtin/notes.c:758
+#: builtin/notes.c:1032
 msgid "too many parameters"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:513 builtin/notes.c:772
+#: builtin/notes.c:512 builtin/notes.c:771
 #, c-format
 msgid "No note found for object %s."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:580
+#: builtin/notes.c:534 builtin/notes.c:691
+msgid "note contents as a string"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:537 builtin/notes.c:694
+msgid "note contents in a file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:539 builtin/notes.c:542 builtin/notes.c:696
+#: builtin/notes.c:699 builtin/tag.c:474
+msgid "object"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:540 builtin/notes.c:697
+msgid "reuse and edit specified note object"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:543 builtin/notes.c:700
+msgid "reuse specified note object"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:545 builtin/notes.c:613
+msgid "replace existing notes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:579
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Cannot add notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
 "existing notes"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:585 builtin/notes.c:662
+#: builtin/notes.c:584 builtin/notes.c:661
 #, c-format
 msgid "Overwriting existing notes for object %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:635
+#: builtin/notes.c:614
+msgid "read objects from stdin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:616
+msgid "load rewriting config for <command> (implies --stdin)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:634
 msgid "too few parameters"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:656
+#: builtin/notes.c:655
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Cannot copy notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
 "existing notes"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:668
+#: builtin/notes.c:667
 #, c-format
 msgid "Missing notes on source object %s. Cannot copy."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:717
+#: builtin/notes.c:716
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The -m/-F/-c/-C options have been deprecated for the 'edit' subcommand.\n"
 "Please use 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C' instead.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:971
+#: builtin/notes.c:863
+msgid "General options"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:865
+msgid "Merge options"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:867
+msgid ""
+"resolve notes conflicts using the given strategy (manual/ours/theirs/union/"
+"cat_sort_uniq)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:869
+msgid "Committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:871
+msgid "finalize notes merge by committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:873
+msgid "Aborting notes merge resolution"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:875
+msgid "abort notes merge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:970
 #, c-format
 msgid "Object %s has no note\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:1103 builtin/remote.c:1598
+#: builtin/notes.c:982
+msgid "attempt to remove non-existent note is not an error"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:985
+msgid "read object names from the standard input"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:1066
+msgid "notes_ref"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:1067
+msgid "use notes from <notes_ref>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:1102 builtin/remote.c:1598
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown subcommand: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2337
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:23
+msgid "git pack-objects --stdout [options...] [< ref-list | < object-list]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:24
+msgid "git pack-objects [options...] base-name [< ref-list | < object-list]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:183 builtin/pack-objects.c:186
+#, c-format
+msgid "deflate error (%d)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2397
 #, c-format
 msgid "unsupported index version %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2341
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2401
 #, c-format
 msgid "bad index version '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2364
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2424
 #, c-format
 msgid "option %s does not accept negative form"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2368
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2428
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to parse value '%s' for option %s"
 msgstr ""
 
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2447
+msgid "do not show progress meter"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2449
+msgid "show progress meter"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2451
+msgid "show progress meter during object writing phase"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2454
+msgid "similar to --all-progress when progress meter is shown"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2455
+msgid "version[,offset]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2456
+msgid "write the pack index file in the specified idx format version"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2459
+msgid "maximum size of each output pack file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2461
+msgid "ignore borrowed objects from alternate object store"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2463
+msgid "ignore packed objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2465
+msgid "limit pack window by objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2467
+msgid "limit pack window by memory in addition to object limit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2469
+msgid "maximum length of delta chain allowed in the resulting pack"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2471
+msgid "reuse existing deltas"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2473
+msgid "reuse existing objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2475
+msgid "use OFS_DELTA objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2477
+msgid "use threads when searching for best delta matches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2479
+msgid "do not create an empty pack output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2481
+msgid "read revision arguments from standard input"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2483
+msgid "limit the objects to those that are not yet packed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2486
+msgid "include objects reachable from any reference"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2489
+msgid "include objects referred by reflog entries"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2492
+msgid "output pack to stdout"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2494
+msgid "include tag objects that refer to objects to be packed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2496
+msgid "keep unreachable objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2497 parse-options.h:141
+msgid "time"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2498
+msgid "unpack unreachable objects newer than <time>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2501
+msgid "create thin packs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2503
+msgid "ignore packs that have companion .keep file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2505
+msgid "pack compression level"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2507
+msgid "do not hide commits by grafts"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:6
+msgid "git pack-refs [options]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:14
+msgid "pack everything"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:15
+msgid "prune loose refs (default)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:7
+msgid "git prune-packed [-n|--dry-run] [-q|--quiet]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:12
+msgid "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <time>] [--] [<head>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:132
+msgid "do not remove, show only"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:133
+msgid "report pruned objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:136
+msgid "expire objects older than <time>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:14
+msgid "git push [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr ""
+
 #: builtin/push.c:45
 msgid "tag shorthand without <tag>"
 msgstr ""
@@ -3775,12 +7034,30 @@
 "to update which remote branch."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:174
+#: builtin/push.c:151
+msgid ""
+"push.default is unset; its implicit value is changing in\n"
+"Git 2.0 from 'matching' to 'simple'. To squelch this message\n"
+"and maintain the current behavior after the default changes, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default matching\n"
+"\n"
+"To squelch this message and adopt the new behavior now, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default simple\n"
+"\n"
+"See 'git help config' and search for 'push.default' for further "
+"information.\n"
+"(the 'simple' mode was introduced in Git 1.7.11. Use the similar mode\n"
+"'current' instead of 'simple' if you sometimes use older versions of Git)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:199
 msgid ""
 "You didn't specify any refspecs to push, and push.default is \"nothing\"."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:181
+#: builtin/push.c:206
 msgid ""
 "Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind\n"
 "its remote counterpart. Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull')\n"
@@ -3788,15 +7065,15 @@
 "See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:187
+#: builtin/push.c:212
 msgid ""
 "Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
 "counterpart. If you did not intend to push that branch, you may want to\n"
-"specify branches to push or set the 'push.default' configuration\n"
-"variable to 'current' or 'upstream' to push only the current branch."
+"specify branches to push or set the 'push.default' configuration variable\n"
+"to 'simple', 'current' or 'upstream' to push only the current branch."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:193
+#: builtin/push.c:218
 msgid ""
 "Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
 "counterpart. Check out this branch and merge the remote changes\n"
@@ -3804,22 +7081,42 @@
 "See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:233
+#: builtin/push.c:224
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do\n"
+"not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing\n"
+"to the same ref. You may want to first merge the remote changes (e.g.,\n"
+"'git pull') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:231
+msgid "Updates were rejected because the tag already exists in the remote."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:234
+msgid ""
+"You cannot update a remote ref that points at a non-commit object,\n"
+"or update a remote ref to make it point at a non-commit object,\n"
+"without using the '--force' option.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:294
 #, c-format
 msgid "Pushing to %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:237
+#: builtin/push.c:298
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to push some refs to '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:269
+#: builtin/push.c:331
 #, c-format
 msgid "bad repository '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:270
+#: builtin/push.c:332
 msgid ""
 "No configured push destination.\n"
 "Either specify the URL from the command-line or configure a remote "
@@ -3832,34 +7129,236 @@
 "    git push <name>\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:285
+#: builtin/push.c:347
 msgid "--all and --tags are incompatible"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:286
+#: builtin/push.c:348
 msgid "--all can't be combined with refspecs"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:291
+#: builtin/push.c:353
 msgid "--mirror and --tags are incompatible"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:292
+#: builtin/push.c:354
 msgid "--mirror can't be combined with refspecs"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:297
+#: builtin/push.c:359
 msgid "--all and --mirror are incompatible"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:385
+#: builtin/push.c:419
+msgid "repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:420
+msgid "push all refs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:421
+msgid "mirror all refs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:423
+msgid "delete refs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:424
+msgid "push tags (can't be used with --all or --mirror)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:427
+msgid "force updates"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:428
+msgid "check"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:429
+msgid "control recursive pushing of submodules"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:431
+msgid "use thin pack"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:432 builtin/push.c:433
+msgid "receive pack program"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:434
+msgid "set upstream for git pull/status"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:437
+msgid "prune locally removed refs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:439
+msgid "bypass pre-push hook"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:440
+msgid "push missing but relevant tags"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:450
 msgid "--delete is incompatible with --all, --mirror and --tags"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:387
+#: builtin/push.c:452
 msgid "--delete doesn't make sense without any refs"
 msgstr ""
 
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:36
+msgid ""
+"git read-tree [[-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<prefix>] "
+"[-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--"
+"index-output=<file>] (--empty | <tree-ish1> [<tree-ish2> [<tree-ish3>]])"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:108
+msgid "write resulting index to <file>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:111
+msgid "only empty the index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:113
+msgid "Merging"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:115
+msgid "perform a merge in addition to a read"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:117
+msgid "3-way merge if no file level merging required"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:119
+msgid "3-way merge in presence of adds and removes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:121
+msgid "same as -m, but discard unmerged entries"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:122
+msgid "<subdirectory>/"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:123
+msgid "read the tree into the index under <subdirectory>/"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:126
+msgid "update working tree with merge result"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:128
+msgid "gitignore"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:129
+msgid "allow explicitly ignored files to be overwritten"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:132
+msgid "don't check the working tree after merging"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:133
+msgid "don't update the index or the work tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:135
+msgid "skip applying sparse checkout filter"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:137
+msgid "debug unpack-trees"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:11
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:12
+msgid ""
+"git remote add [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags|--no-tags] [--"
+"mirror=<fetch|push>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:13 builtin/remote.c:32
+msgid "git remote rename <old> <new>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:14 builtin/remote.c:37
+msgid "git remote remove <name>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:15 builtin/remote.c:42
+msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | -d | <branch>)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:16
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <name>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:17
+msgid "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <name>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:18
+msgid ""
+"git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<group> | <remote>)...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:19
+msgid "git remote set-branches [--add] <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:20 builtin/remote.c:68
+msgid "git remote set-url [--push] <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:21 builtin/remote.c:69
+msgid "git remote set-url --add <name> <newurl>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:22 builtin/remote.c:70
+msgid "git remote set-url --delete <name> <url>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:27
+msgid "git remote add [<options>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:47
+msgid "git remote set-branches <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:48
+msgid "git remote set-branches --add <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:53
+msgid "git remote show [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:58
+msgid "git remote prune [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:63
+msgid "git remote update [<options>] [<group> | <remote>]..."
+msgstr ""
+
 #: builtin/remote.c:98
 #, c-format
 msgid "Updating %s"
@@ -3876,6 +7375,34 @@
 msgid "unknown mirror argument: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
+#: builtin/remote.c:163
+msgid "fetch the remote branches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:165
+msgid "import all tags and associated objects when fetching"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:168
+msgid "or do not fetch any tag at all (--no-tags)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:170
+msgid "branch(es) to track"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:171
+msgid "master branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:172
+msgid "push|fetch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:173
+msgid "set up remote as a mirror to push to or fetch from"
+msgstr ""
+
 #: builtin/remote.c:185
 msgid "specifying a master branch makes no sense with --mirror"
 msgstr ""
@@ -4065,6 +7592,10 @@
 msgid "    %-*s pushes to %s"
 msgstr ""
 
+#: builtin/remote.c:1091
+msgid "do not query remotes"
+msgstr ""
+
 #: builtin/remote.c:1118
 #, c-format
 msgid "* remote %s"
@@ -4123,6 +7654,14 @@
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
+#: builtin/remote.c:1199
+msgid "set refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD according to remote"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1201
+msgid "delete refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+
 #: builtin/remote.c:1216
 msgid "Cannot determine remote HEAD"
 msgstr ""
@@ -4176,15 +7715,35 @@
 msgid " * [pruned] %s"
 msgstr ""
 
+#: builtin/remote.c:1321
+msgid "prune remotes after fetching"
+msgstr ""
+
 #: builtin/remote.c:1387 builtin/remote.c:1461
 #, c-format
 msgid "No such remote '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
+#: builtin/remote.c:1407
+msgid "add branch"
+msgstr ""
+
 #: builtin/remote.c:1414
 msgid "no remote specified"
 msgstr ""
 
+#: builtin/remote.c:1436
+msgid "manipulate push URLs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1438
+msgid "add URL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1440
+msgid "delete URLs"
+msgstr ""
+
 #: builtin/remote.c:1447
 msgid "--add --delete doesn't make sense"
 msgstr ""
@@ -4203,6 +7762,55 @@
 msgid "Will not delete all non-push URLs"
 msgstr ""
 
+#: builtin/remote.c:1569
+msgid "be verbose; must be placed before a subcommand"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:17
+msgid "git replace [-f] <object> <replacement>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:18
+msgid "git replace -d <object>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:19
+msgid "git replace -l [<pattern>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:121
+msgid "list replace refs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:122
+msgid "delete replace refs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:123
+msgid "replace the ref if it exists"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:11
+msgid "git rerere [clear | forget path... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:56
+msgid "register clean resolutions in index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:25
+msgid ""
+"git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:26
+msgid "git reset [-q] <tree-ish> [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:27
+msgid "git reset --patch [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
 #: builtin/reset.c:33
 msgid "mixed"
 msgstr ""
@@ -4223,122 +7831,461 @@
 msgid "keep"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:77
+#: builtin/reset.c:73
 msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:79
+#: builtin/reset.c:75
 msgid "Failed to find tree of HEAD."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:85
+#: builtin/reset.c:81
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to find tree of %s."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:96
-msgid "Could not write new index file."
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/reset.c:106
+#: builtin/reset.c:98
 #, c-format
 msgid "HEAD is now at %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:130
-msgid "Could not read index"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/reset.c:133
-msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/reset.c:223
+#: builtin/reset.c:169
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot do a %s reset in the middle of a merge."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:297
+#: builtin/reset.c:248
+msgid "be quiet, only report errors"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:250
+msgid "reset HEAD and index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:251
+msgid "reset only HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:253 builtin/reset.c:255
+msgid "reset HEAD, index and working tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:257
+msgid "reset HEAD but keep local changes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:275
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid revision."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:278 builtin/reset.c:286
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse object '%s'."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:302
+#: builtin/reset.c:283
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid tree."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:292
 msgid "--patch is incompatible with --{hard,mixed,soft}"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:311
+#: builtin/reset.c:301
 msgid "--mixed with paths is deprecated; use 'git reset -- <paths>' instead."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:313
+#: builtin/reset.c:303
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot do %s reset with paths."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:325
+#: builtin/reset.c:313
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s reset is not allowed in a bare repository"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:341
+#: builtin/reset.c:333
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not reset index file to revision '%s'."
 msgstr ""
 
+#: builtin/reset.c:339
+msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:344
+msgid "Could not write new index file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:339
+msgid "git rev-parse --parseopt [options] -- [<args>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:344
+msgid "keep the `--` passed as an arg"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:346
+msgid "stop parsing after the first non-option argument"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:464
+msgid ""
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [options] -- [<args>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<arg>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse [options] [<arg>...]\n"
+"\n"
+"Run \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" for more information on the first usage."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:22
+msgid "git revert [options] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:23
+msgid "git revert <subcommand>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:28
+msgid "git cherry-pick [options] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:29
+msgid "git cherry-pick <subcommand>"
+msgstr ""
+
 #: builtin/revert.c:70 builtin/revert.c:92
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: %s cannot be used with %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:131
+#: builtin/revert.c:103
+msgid "end revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:104
+msgid "resume revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:105
+msgid "cancel revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:106
+msgid "don't automatically commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:107
+msgid "edit the commit message"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:110
+msgid "parent number"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:112
+msgid "merge strategy"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:113
+msgid "option"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:114
+msgid "option for merge strategy"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:125
+msgid "append commit name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:126
+msgid "allow fast-forward"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:127
+msgid "preserve initially empty commits"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:128
+msgid "allow commits with empty messages"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:129
+msgid "keep redundant, empty commits"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:133
 msgid "program error"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:221
+#: builtin/revert.c:223
 msgid "revert failed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:236
+#: builtin/revert.c:238
 msgid "cherry-pick failed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:109
+#: builtin/rm.c:15
+msgid "git rm [options] [--] <file>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:64 builtin/rm.c:186
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"submodule '%s' (or one of its nested submodules) uses a .git directory\n"
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:174
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s' has staged content different from both the file and the HEAD\n"
 "(use -f to force removal)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:115
+#: builtin/rm.c:180
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s' has changes staged in the index\n"
 "(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:119
+#: builtin/rm.c:191
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s' has local modifications\n"
 "(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:194
+#: builtin/rm.c:207
+msgid "do not list removed files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:208
+msgid "only remove from the index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:209
+msgid "override the up-to-date check"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:210
+msgid "allow recursive removal"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:212
+msgid "exit with a zero status even if nothing matched"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:283
 #, c-format
 msgid "not removing '%s' recursively without -r"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:230
+#: builtin/rm.c:322
 #, c-format
 msgid "git rm: unable to remove %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:157
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:13
+msgid "git shortlog [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] [<path>...]]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:131
 #, c-format
 msgid "Missing author: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:227
+msgid "sort output according to the number of commits per author"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:229
+msgid "Suppress commit descriptions, only provides commit count"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:231
+msgid "Show the email address of each author"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:232
+msgid "w[,i1[,i2]]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:233
+msgid "Linewrap output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:9
+msgid ""
+"git show-branch [-a|--all] [-r|--remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order] [--"
+"current] [--color[=<when>] | --no-color] [--sparse] [--more=<n> | --list | --"
+"independent | --merge-base] [--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<rev> | "
+"<glob>)...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:10
+msgid "git show-branch (-g|--reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<ref>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:650
+msgid "show remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:652
+msgid "show remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:654
+msgid "color '*!+-' corresponding to the branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:656
+msgid "show <n> more commits after the common ancestor"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:658
+msgid "synonym to more=-1"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:659
+msgid "suppress naming strings"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:661
+msgid "include the current branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:663
+msgid "name commits with their object names"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:665
+msgid "show possible merge bases"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:667
+msgid "show refs unreachable from any other ref"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:669
+msgid "show commits in topological order"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:671
+msgid "show only commits not on the first branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:673
+msgid "show merges reachable from only one tip"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:675
+msgid "show commits where no parent comes before its children"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:677
+msgid "<n>[,<base>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:678
+msgid "show <n> most recent ref-log entries starting at base"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:10
+msgid ""
+"git show-ref [-q|--quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d|--dereference] [-s|--"
+"hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [pattern*] "
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:11
+msgid "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=pattern] < ref-list"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:165
+msgid "only show tags (can be combined with heads)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:166
+msgid "only show heads (can be combined with tags)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:167
+msgid "stricter reference checking, requires exact ref path"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:170 builtin/show-ref.c:172
+msgid "show the HEAD reference"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:174
+msgid "dereference tags into object IDs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:176
+msgid "only show SHA1 hash using <n> digits"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:180
+msgid "do not print results to stdout (useful with --verify)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:182
+msgid "show refs from stdin that aren't in local repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:7
+msgid "git symbolic-ref [options] name [ref]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:8
+msgid "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:40
+msgid "suppress error message for non-symbolic (detached) refs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:41
+msgid "delete symbolic ref"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:42
+msgid "shorten ref output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:18
+msgid "reason"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:18
+msgid "reason of the update"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:22
+msgid ""
+"git tag [-a|-s|-u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <msg>|-F <file>] <tagname> [<head>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:23
+msgid "git tag -d <tagname>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:24
+msgid ""
+"git tag -l [-n[<num>]] [--contains <commit>] [--points-at <object>] \n"
+"\t\t[<pattern>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:26
+msgid "git tag -v <tagname>..."
+msgstr ""
+
 #: builtin/tag.c:60
 #, c-format
 msgid "malformed object at '%s'"
@@ -4365,140 +8312,353 @@
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/tag.c:249
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# Write a tag message\n"
-"# Lines starting with '#' will be ignored.\n"
-"#\n"
+"Write a tag message\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:256
+#: builtin/tag.c:253
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# Write a tag message\n"
-"# Lines starting with '#' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you "
+"Write a tag message\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you "
 "want to.\n"
-"#\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:298
+#: builtin/tag.c:292
 msgid "unable to sign the tag"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:300
+#: builtin/tag.c:294
 msgid "unable to write tag file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:325
+#: builtin/tag.c:319
 msgid "bad object type."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:338
+#: builtin/tag.c:332
 msgid "tag header too big."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:370
+#: builtin/tag.c:368
 msgid "no tag message?"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:376
+#: builtin/tag.c:374
 #, c-format
 msgid "The tag message has been left in %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:425
+#: builtin/tag.c:423
 msgid "switch 'points-at' requires an object"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:427
+#: builtin/tag.c:425
 #, c-format
 msgid "malformed object name '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:506
+#: builtin/tag.c:445
+msgid "list tag names"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:447
+msgid "print <n> lines of each tag message"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:449
+msgid "delete tags"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:450
+msgid "verify tags"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:452
+msgid "Tag creation options"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:454
+msgid "annotated tag, needs a message"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:456
+msgid "tag message"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:458
+msgid "annotated and GPG-signed tag"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:462
+msgid "use another key to sign the tag"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:463
+msgid "replace the tag if exists"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:464
+msgid "show tag list in columns"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:466
+msgid "Tag listing options"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:469
+msgid "print only tags that contain the commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:475
+msgid "print only tags of the object"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:504
 msgid "--column and -n are incompatible"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:523
+#: builtin/tag.c:521
 msgid "-n option is only allowed with -l."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:525
+#: builtin/tag.c:523
 msgid "--contains option is only allowed with -l."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:527
+#: builtin/tag.c:525
 msgid "--points-at option is only allowed with -l."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:535
+#: builtin/tag.c:533
 msgid "only one -F or -m option is allowed."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:555
+#: builtin/tag.c:553
 msgid "too many params"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:561
+#: builtin/tag.c:559
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' is not a valid tag name."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:566
+#: builtin/tag.c:564
 #, c-format
 msgid "tag '%s' already exists"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:584
+#: builtin/tag.c:582
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: cannot lock the ref"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:586
+#: builtin/tag.c:584
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: cannot update the ref"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:588
+#: builtin/tag.c:586
 #, c-format
 msgid "Updated tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
 msgstr ""
 
+#: builtin/update-index.c:401
+msgid "git update-index [options] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:718
+msgid "continue refresh even when index needs update"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:721
+msgid "refresh: ignore submodules"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:724
+msgid "do not ignore new files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:726
+msgid "let files replace directories and vice-versa"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:728
+msgid "notice files missing from worktree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:730
+msgid "refresh even if index contains unmerged entries"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:733
+msgid "refresh stat information"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:737
+msgid "like --refresh, but ignore assume-unchanged setting"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:741
+msgid "<mode> <object> <path>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:742
+msgid "add the specified entry to the index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:746
+msgid "(+/-)x"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:747
+msgid "override the executable bit of the listed files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:751
+msgid "mark files as \"not changing\""
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:754
+msgid "clear assumed-unchanged bit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:757
+msgid "mark files as \"index-only\""
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:760
+msgid "clear skip-worktree bit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:763
+msgid "add to index only; do not add content to object database"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:765
+msgid "remove named paths even if present in worktree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:767
+msgid "with --stdin: input lines are terminated by null bytes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:769
+msgid "read list of paths to be updated from standard input"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:773
+msgid "add entries from standard input to the index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:777
+msgid "repopulate stages #2 and #3 for the listed paths"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:781
+msgid "only update entries that differ from HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:785
+msgid "ignore files missing from worktree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:788
+msgid "report actions to standard output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:790
+msgid "(for porcelains) forget saved unresolved conflicts"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:794
+msgid "write index in this format"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:7
+msgid "git update-ref [options] -d <refname> [<oldval>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:8
+msgid "git update-ref [options]    <refname> <newval> [<oldval>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:19
+msgid "delete the reference"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:21
+msgid "update <refname> not the one it points to"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:6
+msgid "git update-server-info [--force]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:14
+msgid "update the info files from scratch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:56
+msgid "git verify-pack [-v|--verbose] [-s|--stat-only] <pack>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:66
+msgid "verbose"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:68
+msgid "show statistics only"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:17
+msgid "git verify-tag [-v|--verbose] <tag>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:73
+msgid "print tag contents"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:13
+msgid "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<prefix>/]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:26
+msgid "<prefix>/"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:27
+msgid "write tree object for a subdirectory <prefix>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:30
+msgid "only useful for debugging"
+msgstr ""
+
 #: git.c:16
-msgid "See 'git help <command>' for more information on a specific command."
-msgstr ""
-
-#: parse-options.h:133 parse-options.h:235
-msgid "n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: parse-options.h:141
-msgid "time"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: parse-options.h:149
-msgid "file"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: parse-options.h:151
-msgid "when"
+msgid ""
+"'git help -a' and 'git help -g' lists available subcommands and some\n"
+"concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>'\n"
+"to read about a specific subcommand or concept."
 msgstr ""
 
 #: parse-options.h:156
 msgid "no-op (backward compatibility)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: parse-options.h:228
+#: parse-options.h:232
 msgid "be more verbose"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: parse-options.h:230
+#: parse-options.h:234
 msgid "be more quiet"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: parse-options.h:236
+#: parse-options.h:240
 msgid "use <n> digits to display SHA-1s"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -4539,7 +8699,7 @@
 msgstr ""
 
 #: common-cmds.h:17
-msgid "Create an empty git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
+msgid "Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: common-cmds.h:18
@@ -4599,9 +8759,9 @@
 #: git-am.sh:105
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
-"When you have resolved this problem run \"$cmdline --resolved\".\n"
-"If you would prefer to skip this patch, instead run \"$cmdline --skip\".\n"
-"To restore the original branch and stop patching run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
+"When you have resolved this problem, run \"$cmdline --resolved\".\n"
+"If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"$cmdline --skip\" instead.\n"
+"To restore the original branch and stop patching, run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
 msgstr ""
 
 #: git-am.sh:121
@@ -4612,6 +8772,10 @@
 msgid "Repository lacks necessary blobs to fall back on 3-way merge."
 msgstr ""
 
+#: git-am.sh:139
+msgid "Using index info to reconstruct a base tree..."
+msgstr ""
+
 #: git-am.sh:154
 msgid ""
 "Did you hand edit your patch?\n"
@@ -4622,42 +8786,48 @@
 msgid "Falling back to patching base and 3-way merge..."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:275
+#: git-am.sh:179
+msgid "Failed to merge in the changes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-am.sh:274
 msgid "Only one StGIT patch series can be applied at once"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:362
+#: git-am.sh:361
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Patch format $patch_format is not supported."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:364
+#: git-am.sh:363
 msgid "Patch format detection failed."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:418
-msgid "-d option is no longer supported.  Do not use."
+#: git-am.sh:389
+msgid ""
+"The -b/--binary option has been a no-op for long time, and\n"
+"it will be removed. Please do not use it anymore."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:481
+#: git-am.sh:477
 #, sh-format
 msgid "previous rebase directory $dotest still exists but mbox given."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:486
+#: git-am.sh:482
 msgid "Please make up your mind. --skip or --abort?"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:513
+#: git-am.sh:509
 msgid "Resolve operation not in progress, we are not resuming."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:579
+#: git-am.sh:575
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Dirty index: cannot apply patches (dirty: $files)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:671
+#: git-am.sh:679
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "Patch is empty.  Was it split wrong?\n"
@@ -4665,53 +8835,60 @@
 "To restore the original branch and stop patching run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:708
+#: git-am.sh:706
 msgid "Patch does not have a valid e-mail address."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:755
+#: git-am.sh:753
 msgid "cannot be interactive without stdin connected to a terminal."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:759
+#: git-am.sh:757
 msgid "Commit Body is:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [y], [n], [e], [v] and [a]
 #. in your translation. The program will only accept English
 #. input at this point.
-#: git-am.sh:766
+#: git-am.sh:764
 msgid "Apply? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all "
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:802
+#: git-am.sh:800
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Applying: $FIRSTLINE"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:823
+#: git-am.sh:821
 msgid ""
 "No changes - did you forget to use 'git add'?\n"
 "If there is nothing left to stage, chances are that something else\n"
 "already introduced the same changes; you might want to skip this patch."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:831
+#: git-am.sh:829
 msgid ""
 "You still have unmerged paths in your index\n"
 "did you forget to use 'git add'?"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:847
+#: git-am.sh:845
 msgid "No changes -- Patch already applied."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:857
+#: git-am.sh:855
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Patch failed at $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:873
+#: git-am.sh:858
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"The copy of the patch that failed is found in:\n"
+"   $dotest/patch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-am.sh:876
 msgid "applying to an empty history"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -4803,59 +8980,59 @@
 "(You can use \"git bisect bad\" and \"git bisect good\" for that.)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:347 git-bisect.sh:474
+#: git-bisect.sh:363 git-bisect.sh:490
 msgid "We are not bisecting."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:354
+#: git-bisect.sh:370
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$invalid' is not a valid commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:363
+#: git-bisect.sh:379
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "Could not check out original HEAD '$branch'.\n"
 "Try 'git bisect reset <commit>'."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:390
+#: git-bisect.sh:406
 msgid "No logfile given"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:391
+#: git-bisect.sh:407
 #, sh-format
 msgid "cannot read $file for replaying"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:408
+#: git-bisect.sh:424
 msgid "?? what are you talking about?"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:420
+#: git-bisect.sh:436
 #, sh-format
 msgid "running $command"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:427
+#: git-bisect.sh:443
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "bisect run failed:\n"
 "exit code $res from '$command' is < 0 or >= 128"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:453
+#: git-bisect.sh:469
 msgid "bisect run cannot continue any more"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:459
+#: git-bisect.sh:475
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "bisect run failed:\n"
 "'bisect_state $state' exited with error code $res"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:466
+#: git-bisect.sh:482
 msgid "bisect run success"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -4870,7 +9047,7 @@
 msgid "Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-pull.sh:197
+#: git-pull.sh:203
 msgid "updating an unborn branch with changes added to the index"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -4878,7 +9055,7 @@
 #. The working tree and the index file is still based on the
 #. $orig_head commit, but we are merging into $curr_head.
 #. First update the working tree to match $curr_head.
-#: git-pull.sh:228
+#: git-pull.sh:235
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "Warning: fetch updated the current branch head.\n"
@@ -4886,14 +9063,124 @@
 "Warning: commit $orig_head."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-pull.sh:253
+#: git-pull.sh:260
 msgid "Cannot merge multiple branches into empty head"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-pull.sh:257
+#: git-pull.sh:264
 msgid "Cannot rebase onto multiple branches"
 msgstr ""
 
+#: git-rebase.sh:53
+msgid ""
+"When you have resolved this problem, run \"git rebase --continue\".\n"
+"If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"git rebase --skip\" instead.\n"
+"To check out the original branch and stop rebasing, run \"git rebase --abort"
+"\"."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:160
+msgid "The pre-rebase hook refused to rebase."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:165
+msgid "It looks like git-am is in progress. Cannot rebase."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:296
+msgid "The --exec option must be used with the --interactive option"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:301
+msgid "No rebase in progress?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:312
+msgid "The --edit-todo action can only be used during interactive rebase."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:319
+msgid "Cannot read HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:322
+msgid ""
+"You must edit all merge conflicts and then\n"
+"mark them as resolved using git add"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:340
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not move back to $head_name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:359
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"It seems that there is already a $state_dir_base directory, and\n"
+"I wonder if you are in the middle of another rebase.  If that is the\n"
+"case, please try\n"
+"\t$cmd_live_rebase\n"
+"If that is not the case, please\n"
+"\t$cmd_clear_stale_rebase\n"
+"and run me again.  I am stopping in case you still have something\n"
+"valuable there."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:404
+#, sh-format
+msgid "invalid upstream $upstream_name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:428
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there are more than one merge bases"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:431 git-rebase.sh:435
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there is no merge base"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:440
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Does not point to a valid commit: $onto_name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:463
+#, sh-format
+msgid "fatal: no such branch: $branch_name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:483
+msgid "Please commit or stash them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:501
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:504
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date, rebase forced."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:515
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Changes from $mb to $onto:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Detach HEAD and reset the tree
+#: git-rebase.sh:524
+msgid "First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:532
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Fast-forwarded $branch_name to $onto_name."
+msgstr ""
+
 #: git-stash.sh:51
 msgid "git stash clear with parameters is unimplemented"
 msgstr ""
@@ -4999,59 +9286,59 @@
 msgid "Cannot unstage modified files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:474
+#: git-stash.sh:475
 msgid "Index was not unstashed."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:491
-#, sh-format
-msgid "Dropped ${REV} ($s)"
-msgstr ""
-
 #: git-stash.sh:492
 #, sh-format
+msgid "Dropped ${REV} ($s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:493
+#, sh-format
 msgid "${REV}: Could not drop stash entry"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:499
+#: git-stash.sh:500
 msgid "No branch name specified"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:570
+#: git-stash.sh:571
 msgid "(To restore them type \"git stash apply\")"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:56
+#: git-submodule.sh:91
 #, sh-format
 msgid "cannot strip one component off url '$remoteurl'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:109
+#: git-submodule.sh:196
 #, sh-format
 msgid "No submodule mapping found in .gitmodules for path '$sm_path'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:150
+#: git-submodule.sh:239
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Clone of '$url' into submodule path '$sm_path' failed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:160
+#: git-submodule.sh:251
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Gitdir '$a' is part of the submodule path '$b' or vice versa"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:249
+#: git-submodule.sh:349
 #, sh-format
 msgid "repo URL: '$repo' must be absolute or begin with ./|../"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:266
+#: git-submodule.sh:366
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$sm_path' already exists in the index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:270
+#: git-submodule.sh:370
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "The following path is ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
@@ -5059,155 +9346,233 @@
 "Use -f if you really want to add it."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:281
+#: git-submodule.sh:388
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Adding existing repo at '$sm_path' to the index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:283
+#: git-submodule.sh:390
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$sm_path' already exists and is not a valid git repo"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:297
+#: git-submodule.sh:398
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to checkout submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgid "A git directory for '$sm_name' is found locally with remote(s):"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:302
+#: git-submodule.sh:400
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to add submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgid ""
+"If you want to reuse this local git directory instead of cloning again from"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:307
+#: git-submodule.sh:402
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to register submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgid ""
+"use the '--force' option. If the local git directory is not the correct repo"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:349
+#: git-submodule.sh:403
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Entering '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgid ""
+"or you are unsure what this means choose another name with the '--name' "
+"option."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:363
+#: git-submodule.sh:405
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Stopping at '$sm_path'; script returned non-zero status."
-msgstr ""
-
-#: git-submodule.sh:406
-#, sh-format
-msgid "No url found for submodule path '$sm_path' in .gitmodules"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: git-submodule.sh:415
-#, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgid "Reactivating local git directory for submodule '$sm_name'."
 msgstr ""
 
 #: git-submodule.sh:417
 #, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:422
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to add submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:431
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:474
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Entering '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:488
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Stopping at '$sm_path'; script returned non-zero status."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:532
+#, sh-format
+msgid "No url found for submodule path '$sm_path' in .gitmodules"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:541
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:543
+#, sh-format
 msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) registered for path '$sm_path'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:425
+#: git-submodule.sh:551
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '$sm_path'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:524
+#: git-submodule.sh:588
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Use '.' if you really want to deinitialize all submodules"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:603
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule work tree '$sm_path' contains a .git directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:604
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
-"Submodule path '$sm_path' not initialized\n"
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:610
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule work tree '$sm_path' contains local modifications; use '-f' to "
+"discard them"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:613
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cleared directory '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:614
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not remove submodule work tree '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:617
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not create empty submodule directory '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:626
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) unregistered for path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:731
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule path '$prefix$sm_path' not initialized\n"
 "Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:537
+#: git-submodule.sh:744
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:556
+#: git-submodule.sh:753
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$sm_path'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:570
+#: git-submodule.sh:777
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:571
+#: git-submodule.sh:791
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule path '$sm_path': rebased into '$sha1'"
+msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:576
+#: git-submodule.sh:792
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgid "Submodule path '$prefix$sm_path': rebased into '$sha1'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:577
+#: git-submodule.sh:797
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule path '$sm_path': merged in '$sha1'"
+msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:582
+#: git-submodule.sh:798
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgid "Submodule path '$prefix$sm_path': merged in '$sha1'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:583
+#: git-submodule.sh:803
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule path '$sm_path': checked out '$sha1'"
+msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:605 git-submodule.sh:928
+#: git-submodule.sh:804
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgid "Submodule path '$prefix$sm_path': checked out '$sha1'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:713
-msgid "--cached cannot be used with --files"
+#: git-submodule.sh:831
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:939
+msgid "The --cached option cannot be used with the --files option"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. unexpected type
-#: git-submodule.sh:753
+#: git-submodule.sh:979
 #, sh-format
 msgid "unexpected mode $mod_dst"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:771
+#: git-submodule.sh:997
 #, sh-format
 msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:774
+#: git-submodule.sh:1000
 #, sh-format
 msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:777
+#: git-submodule.sh:1003
 #, sh-format
 msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:802
+#: git-submodule.sh:1028
 msgid "blob"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:803
-msgid "submodule"
+#: git-submodule.sh:1066
+msgid "Submodules changed but not updated:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:840
-msgid "# Submodules changed but not updated:"
+#: git-submodule.sh:1068
+msgid "Submodule changes to be committed:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:842
-msgid "# Submodule changes to be committed:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: git-submodule.sh:974
+#: git-submodule.sh:1153
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$name'"
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1216
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$prefix$sm_path'"
 msgstr ""
diff --git a/po/sv.po b/po/sv.po
index 3a90592..a5c88c9 100644
--- a/po/sv.po
+++ b/po/sv.po
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 # Swedish translations for Git.
-# Copyright (C) 2010-2012 Peter krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se>
+# Copyright (C) 2010-2013 Peter krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se>
 # This file is distributed under the same license as the Git package.
-# Peter Krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se>, 2010, 2011, 2012.
+# Peter Krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se>, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013.
 #
 msgid ""
 msgstr ""
-"Project-Id-Version: git 1.7.10\n"
+"Project-Id-Version: git 1.8.3\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: Git Mailing List <git@vger.kernel.org>\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-05-15 06:31+0800\n"
-"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-05-28 22:35+0100\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2013-04-30 08:25+0800\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2013-04-30 12:22+0100\n"
 "Last-Translator: Peter Krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se>\n"
 "Language-Team: Swedish <tp-sv@listor.tp-sv.se>\n"
 "Language: sv\n"
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
 "Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
 
-#: advice.c:40
+#: advice.c:53
 #, c-format
 msgid "hint: %.*s\n"
 msgstr "tips: %.*s\n"
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 #. * Message used both when 'git commit' fails and when
 #. * other commands doing a merge do.
 #.
-#: advice.c:70
+#: advice.c:83
 msgid ""
 "Fix them up in the work tree,\n"
 "and then use 'git add/rm <file>' as\n"
@@ -38,12 +38,309 @@
 "lämpligt för att ange lösning och checka in,\n"
 "eller använd \"git commit -a\"."
 
-#: commit.c:47
+#: archive.c:10
+msgid "git archive [options] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git archive [flaggor] <träd-igt> [<sökväg>...]"
+
+#: archive.c:11
+msgid "git archive --list"
+msgstr "git archive --list"
+
+#: archive.c:12
+msgid ""
+"git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] [options] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git archive --remote <arkiv> [--exec <kmd>] [flaggor] <träd-igt> "
+"[<sökväg>...]"
+
+#: archive.c:13
+msgid "git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] --list"
+msgstr "git archive --remote <arkiv> [--exec <kmd>] --list"
+
+#: archive.c:323
+msgid "fmt"
+msgstr "fmt"
+
+#: archive.c:323
+msgid "archive format"
+msgstr "arkivformat"
+
+#: archive.c:324 builtin/log.c:1126
+msgid "prefix"
+msgstr "prefix"
+
+#: archive.c:325
+msgid "prepend prefix to each pathname in the archive"
+msgstr "lägg till prefix till varje sökväg i arkivet"
+
+#: archive.c:326 builtin/archive.c:88 builtin/blame.c:2371
+#: builtin/blame.c:2372 builtin/config.c:55 builtin/fast-export.c:665
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:667 builtin/grep.c:715 builtin/hash-object.c:77
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:490 builtin/ls-files.c:493 builtin/notes.c:536
+#: builtin/notes.c:693 builtin/read-tree.c:107 parse-options.h:149
+msgid "file"
+msgstr "fil"
+
+#: archive.c:327 builtin/archive.c:89
+msgid "write the archive to this file"
+msgstr "skriv arkivet till filen"
+
+#: archive.c:329
+msgid "read .gitattributes in working directory"
+msgstr "läs .gitattributes i arbetskatalogen"
+
+#: archive.c:330
+msgid "report archived files on stderr"
+msgstr "rapportera arkiverade filer på standard fel"
+
+#: archive.c:331
+msgid "store only"
+msgstr "endast spara"
+
+#: archive.c:332
+msgid "compress faster"
+msgstr "komprimera snabbare"
+
+#: archive.c:340
+msgid "compress better"
+msgstr "komprimera bättre"
+
+#: archive.c:343
+msgid "list supported archive formats"
+msgstr "visa understödda arkivformat"
+
+#: archive.c:345 builtin/archive.c:90 builtin/clone.c:86
+msgid "repo"
+msgstr "arkiv"
+
+#: archive.c:346 builtin/archive.c:91
+msgid "retrieve the archive from remote repository <repo>"
+msgstr "hämta arkivet från fjärrarkivet <arkiv>"
+
+#: archive.c:347 builtin/archive.c:92 builtin/notes.c:615
+msgid "command"
+msgstr "kommando"
+
+#: archive.c:348 builtin/archive.c:93
+msgid "path to the remote git-upload-archive command"
+msgstr "sökväg till kommandot git-upload-archive på fjärren"
+
+#: attr.c:259
+msgid ""
+"Negative patterns are ignored in git attributes\n"
+"Use '\\!' for literal leading exclamation."
+msgstr ""
+"Negativa mönster ignoreras i git-attribut\n"
+"Använd '\\!' för att inleda med ett utropstecken."
+
+#: branch.c:60
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not setting branch %s as its own upstream."
+msgstr "Ställer inte in grenen %s som sin egen uppströmsgren."
+
+#: branch.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"Grenen %s ställdes in att spåra fjärrgrenen %s från %s genom ombasering."
+
+#: branch.c:83
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s."
+msgstr "Grenen %s ställdes in att spåra fjärrgrenen %s från %s."
+
+#: branch.c:87
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "Grenen %s ställdes in att spåra den lokala grenen %s genom ombasering."
+
+#: branch.c:88
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s."
+msgstr "Grenen %s ställdes in att spåra den lokala grenen %s."
+
+#: branch.c:92
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "Grenen %s ställdes in att spåra fjärreferensen %s genom ombasering."
+
+#: branch.c:93
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s."
+msgstr "Grenen %s ställdes in att spåra fjärreferensen %s."
+
+#: branch.c:97
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"Grenen %s ställdes in att spåra den lokala referensen %s genom ombasering."
+
+#: branch.c:98
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s."
+msgstr "Grenen %s ställdes in att spåra den lokala referensen %s."
+
+#: branch.c:118
+#, c-format
+msgid "Tracking not set up: name too long: %s"
+msgstr "Spårning har inte ställts in: namnet för långt: %s"
+
+#: branch.c:137
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not tracking: ambiguous information for ref %s"
+msgstr "Spårar inte: tvetydig information för referensen %s"
+
+#: branch.c:182
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid branch name."
+msgstr "\"%s\" är inte ett giltigt grennamn."
+
+#: branch.c:187
+#, c-format
+msgid "A branch named '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "Det finns redan en gren som heter \"%s\""
+
+#: branch.c:195
+msgid "Cannot force update the current branch."
+msgstr "Kan inte tvinga uppdatering av aktuell gren."
+
+#: branch.c:201
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot setup tracking information; starting point '%s' is not a branch."
+msgstr "Kan inte ställa in spårning; startpunkten \"%s\" är inte en gren."
+
+#: branch.c:203
+#, c-format
+msgid "the requested upstream branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "den efterfrågade uppströmsgrenen \"%s\" finns inte"
+
+#: branch.c:205
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you are planning on basing your work on an upstream\n"
+"branch that already exists at the remote, you may need to\n"
+"run \"git fetch\" to retrieve it.\n"
+"\n"
+"If you are planning to push out a new local branch that\n"
+"will track its remote counterpart, you may want to use\n"
+"\"git push -u\" to set the upstream config as you push."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Om du har tänkt basera ditt arbete på en uppströmsgren\n"
+"som redan finns på fjärren kan du behöva köra \"git fetch\"\n"
+"för att hämta den.\n"
+"\n"
+"Om du har tänkt sända in en ny lokal gren som skall\n"
+"spåra dess fjärrmotsvarighet kan du använda \"git push -u\"\n"
+"för att ställa in uppströmskonfigurationen när du sänder in."
+
+#: branch.c:250
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "Objektnamnet är inte giltigt: \"%s\"."
+
+#: branch.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid "Ambiguous object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "Objektnamnet är tvetydigt: \"%s\"."
+
+#: branch.c:275
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid branch point: '%s'."
+msgstr "Avgreningspunkten är inte giltig: \"%s\""
+
+#: branch.c:281
+msgid "Failed to lock ref for update"
+msgstr "Misslyckades låsa referens för uppdatering"
+
+#: branch.c:299
+msgid "Failed to write ref"
+msgstr "Misslyckades skriva referens"
+
+#: bundle.c:36
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' does not look like a v2 bundle file"
+msgstr "'%s' ser inte ut som en v2-bundle-fil"
+
+#: bundle.c:63
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized header: %s%s (%d)"
+msgstr "okänt huvud: %s%s (%d)"
+
+#: bundle.c:89 builtin/commit.c:676
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s'"
+msgstr "kunde inte öppna \"%s\""
+
+#: bundle.c:140
+msgid "Repository lacks these prerequisite commits:"
+msgstr "Arkivet saknar dessa nödvändiga incheckningar:"
+
+#: bundle.c:164 sequencer.c:651 sequencer.c:1101 builtin/log.c:300
+#: builtin/log.c:770 builtin/log.c:1344 builtin/log.c:1570 builtin/merge.c:349
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:155
+msgid "revision walk setup failed"
+msgstr "misslyckades skapa revisionstraversering"
+
+#: bundle.c:186
+#, c-format
+msgid "The bundle contains this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle contains these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "Paketet (bundlen) denna referens:"
+msgstr[1] "Paketet (bundlen) dessa %d referenser:"
+
+#: bundle.c:193
+msgid "The bundle records a complete history."
+msgstr "Paketet (bundlen) beskriver en komplett historik."
+
+#: bundle.c:195
+#, c-format
+msgid "The bundle requires this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "Paketet (bundlen) kräver denna referens:"
+msgstr[1] "Paketet (bundlen) kräver dessa %d referenser:"
+
+#: bundle.c:294
+msgid "rev-list died"
+msgstr "rev-list dog"
+
+#: bundle.c:300 builtin/log.c:1255 builtin/shortlog.c:258
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized argument: %s"
+msgstr "okänt argument: %s"
+
+#: bundle.c:335
+#, c-format
+msgid "ref '%s' is excluded by the rev-list options"
+msgstr "referensen \"%s\" exkluderas av argumenten till rev-list"
+
+#: bundle.c:380
+msgid "Refusing to create empty bundle."
+msgstr "Vägrar skapa ett tomt paket (bundle)."
+
+#: bundle.c:398
+msgid "Could not spawn pack-objects"
+msgstr "Kunde inte starta pack-objects"
+
+#: bundle.c:416
+msgid "pack-objects died"
+msgstr "pack-objects misslyckades"
+
+#: bundle.c:419
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot create '%s'"
+msgstr "kan inte skapa \"%s\""
+
+#: bundle.c:441
+msgid "index-pack died"
+msgstr "index-pack dog"
+
+#: commit.c:50
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not parse %s"
 msgstr "kunde inte tolka %s"
 
-#: commit.c:49
+#: commit.c:52
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s %s is not a commit!"
 msgstr "%s %s är inte en incheckning!"
@@ -66,18 +363,90 @@
 msgid "failed to close rev-list's stdin: %s"
 msgstr "kunde inte stänga rev-list:s standard in: %s"
 
-#: diff.c:105
-#, c-format
-msgid "  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%.*s'\n"
-msgstr "  Misslyckades tolka dirstat-avskärningsprocentandel \"%.*s\"\n"
+#: date.c:95
+msgid "in the future"
+msgstr "i framtiden"
 
-#: diff.c:110
+#: date.c:101
 #, c-format
-msgid "  Unknown dirstat parameter '%.*s'\n"
-msgstr "  Okänd dirstat-parameter \"%.*s\"\n"
+msgid "%lu second ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu seconds ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu sekund sedan"
+msgstr[1] "%lu sekunder sedan"
+
+#: date.c:108
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu minute ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu minutes ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu minut sedan"
+msgstr[1] "%lu minuter sedan"
+
+#: date.c:115
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu hour ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu hours ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu timme sedan"
+msgstr[1] "%lu timmar sedan"
+
+#: date.c:122
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu day ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu days ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu dag sedan"
+msgstr[1] "%lu dagar sedan"
+
+#: date.c:128
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu week ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu weeks ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu vecka sedan"
+msgstr[1] "%lu veckor sedan"
+
+#: date.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu month ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu months ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu månad sedan"
+msgstr[1] "%lu månader sedan"
+
+#: date.c:146
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu year"
+msgid_plural "%lu years"
+msgstr[0] "%lu år"
+msgstr[1] "%lu år"
+
+#: date.c:149
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s, %lu month ago"
+msgid_plural "%s, %lu months ago"
+msgstr[0] "%s, %lu månad sedan"
+msgstr[1] "%s, %lu månader sedan"
+
+#: date.c:154 date.c:159
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu year ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu years ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu år sedan"
+msgstr[1] "%lu år sedan"
+
+#: diff.c:112
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%s'\n"
+msgstr "  Misslyckades tolka dirstat-avskärningsprocentandel \"%s\"\n"
+
+#: diff.c:117
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Unknown dirstat parameter '%s'\n"
+msgstr "  Okänd dirstat-parameter \"%s\"\n"
 
 #: diff.c:210
 #, c-format
+msgid "Unknown value for 'diff.submodule' config variable: '%s'"
+msgstr "Okänt värde för konfigurationsvariabeln \"diff.submodule\": \"%s\""
+
+#: diff.c:260
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Found errors in 'diff.dirstat' config variable:\n"
 "%s"
@@ -85,32 +454,7 @@
 "Hittade fel i konfigurationsvariabeln \"diff.dirstat\":\n"
 "%s"
 
-#: diff.c:1400
-msgid " 0 files changed\n"
-msgstr " 0 filer ändrade\n"
-
-#: diff.c:1404
-#, c-format
-msgid " %d file changed"
-msgid_plural " %d files changed"
-msgstr[0] " %d fil ändrad"
-msgstr[1] " %d filer ändrade"
-
-#: diff.c:1421
-#, c-format
-msgid ", %d insertion(+)"
-msgid_plural ", %d insertions(+)"
-msgstr[0] ", %d tillägg(+)"
-msgstr[1] ", %d tillägg(+)"
-
-#: diff.c:1432
-#, c-format
-msgid ", %d deletion(-)"
-msgid_plural ", %d deletions(-)"
-msgstr[0] ", %d borttagning(-)"
-msgstr[1] ", %d borttagningar(-)"
-
-#: diff.c:3439
+#: diff.c:3481
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Failed to parse --dirstat/-X option parameter:\n"
@@ -119,7 +463,12 @@
 "Misslyckades tolka argument till flaggan --dirstat/-X;\n"
 "%s"
 
-#: gpg-interface.c:59
+#: diff.c:3495
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to parse --submodule option parameter: '%s'"
+msgstr "Misslyckades tolka argument till flaggan --submodule: \"%s\""
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:59 gpg-interface.c:131
 msgid "could not run gpg."
 msgstr "kunde inte köra gpg."
 
@@ -131,22 +480,45 @@
 msgid "gpg failed to sign the data"
 msgstr "gpg misslyckades signera data"
 
-#: grep.c:1280
+#: gpg-interface.c:115
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create temporary file '%s': %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte skapa temporära filen \"%s\": %s"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:118
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed writing detached signature to '%s': %s"
+msgstr "misslyckades skriva fristående signatur till \"%s\": %s"
+
+#: grep.c:1623
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': unable to read %s"
 msgstr "\"%s\" kunde inte läsa %s"
 
-#: grep.c:1297
+#: grep.c:1640
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': %s"
 msgstr "\"%s\": %s"
 
-#: grep.c:1308
+#: grep.c:1651
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': short read %s"
 msgstr "\"%s\": kort läsning %s"
 
-#: help.c:287
+#: help.c:212
+#, c-format
+msgid "available git commands in '%s'"
+msgstr "git-kommandon tillgängliga i \"%s\""
+
+#: help.c:219
+msgid "git commands available from elsewhere on your $PATH"
+msgstr "git-kommandon från andra platser i din $PATH"
+
+#: help.c:235
+msgid "The most commonly used git commands are:"
+msgstr "De mest använda git-kommandona är:"
+
+#: help.c:292
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s' appears to be a git command, but we were not\n"
@@ -155,14 +527,358 @@
 "\"%s\" verkar vara ett git-kommando, men vi kan inte\n"
 "köra det. Kanske git-%s är trasigt?"
 
-#: remote.c:1607
+#: help.c:349
+msgid "Uh oh. Your system reports no Git commands at all."
+msgstr "Oj då. Ditt system rapporterar inga Git-kommandon alls."
+
+#: help.c:371
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"WARNING: You called a Git command named '%s', which does not exist.\n"
+"Continuing under the assumption that you meant '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+"VARNING: Du anropade ett Git-kommando vid namn \"%s\", som inte finns.\n"
+"Fortsätter under förutsättningen att du menade \"%s\""
+
+#: help.c:376
+#, c-format
+msgid "in %0.1f seconds automatically..."
+msgstr "automatiskt om %0.1f sekunder..."
+
+#: help.c:383
+#, c-format
+msgid "git: '%s' is not a git command. See 'git --help'."
+msgstr "git: \"%s\" är inte ett git-kommando. Se \"git --help\"."
+
+#: help.c:387
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Did you mean this?"
+msgid_plural ""
+"\n"
+"Did you mean one of these?"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"\n"
+"Menade du detta?"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"\n"
+"Menade du ett av dessa?"
+
+#: merge.c:56
+msgid "failed to read the cache"
+msgstr "misslyckads läsa cachen"
+
+#: merge.c:110 builtin/checkout.c:365 builtin/checkout.c:566
+#: builtin/clone.c:645
+msgid "unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "kunde inte skriva ny indexfil"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:190
+#, c-format
+msgid "(bad commit)\n"
+msgstr "(felaktig incheckning)\n"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:206
+#, c-format
+msgid "addinfo_cache failed for path '%s'"
+msgstr "addinfo_cache misslyckades för sökvägen \"%s\""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:268
+msgid "error building trees"
+msgstr "fel vid byggande av träd"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:672
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create path '%s'%s"
+msgstr "misslyckades skapa sökvägen \"%s\"%s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:683
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s to make room for subdirectory\n"
+msgstr "Tar bort %s för att göra plats för underkatalog\n"
+
+#. something else exists
+#. .. but not some other error (who really cares what?)
+#: merge-recursive.c:697 merge-recursive.c:718
+msgid ": perhaps a D/F conflict?"
+msgstr ": kanske en K/F-konflikt?"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:708
+#, c-format
+msgid "refusing to lose untracked file at '%s'"
+msgstr "vägrar förlora ospårad fil vid \"%s\""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:748
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s '%s'"
+msgstr "kan inte läsa objektet %s: \"%s\""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:750
+#, c-format
+msgid "blob expected for %s '%s'"
+msgstr "blob förväntades för %s \"%s\""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:773 builtin/clone.c:313
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to open '%s'"
+msgstr "misslyckades öppna \"%s\""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:781
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to symlink '%s'"
+msgstr "misslyckades ta skapa symboliska länken \"%s\""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:784
+#, c-format
+msgid "do not know what to do with %06o %s '%s'"
+msgstr "vet inte hur %06o %s \"%s\" skall hanteras"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:922
+msgid "Failed to execute internal merge"
+msgstr "Misslyckades exekvera intern sammanslagning"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:926
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to add %s to database"
+msgstr "Kunde inte lägga till %s till databasen"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:942
+msgid "unsupported object type in the tree"
+msgstr "objekttyp som ej stöds upptäcktes i trädet"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1021 merge-recursive.c:1035
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree."
+msgstr ""
+"KONFLIKT (%s/radera): %s raderad i %s och %s i %s. Versionen %s av %s lämnad "
+"i trädet."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1027 merge-recursive.c:1040
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree at %s."
+msgstr ""
+"KONFLIKT (%s/radera): %s raderad i %s och %s i %s. Versionen %s av %s lämnad "
+"i trädet vid %s."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1081
+msgid "rename"
+msgstr "namnbyte"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1081
+msgid "renamed"
+msgstr "namnbytt"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1137
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is a directory in %s adding as %s instead"
+msgstr "%s är en katalog i %s lägger till som %s istället"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1159
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename \"%s\"->\"%s\" in branch \"%s\" rename \"%s"
+"\"->\"%s\" in \"%s\"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"KONFLIKT (namnbyte/namnbyte): Namnbyte \"%s\"->\"%s\" på grenen \"%s\" "
+"namnbyte \"%s\"->\"%s\" i \"%s\"%s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1164
+msgid " (left unresolved)"
+msgstr " (lämnad olöst)"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1218
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename %s->%s in %s. Rename %s->%s in %s"
+msgstr ""
+"KONFLIKT (namnbyte/namnbyte): Namnbyte %s->%s i %s. Namnbyte %s->%s i %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1248
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renaming %s to %s and %s to %s instead"
+msgstr "Byter namn på %s till %s och %s till %s istället"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1447
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/add): Rename %s->%s in %s. %s added in %s"
+msgstr "KONFLIKT (namnbyte/tillägg): Namnbyte %s->%s i %s. %s tillagd i %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1457
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding merged %s"
+msgstr "Lägger till sammanslagen %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1462 merge-recursive.c:1660
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding as %s instead"
+msgstr "Lägger till som %s iställer"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1513
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s"
+msgstr "kan inte läsa objektet %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1516
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s is not a blob"
+msgstr "objektet %s är inte en blob"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1564
+msgid "modify"
+msgstr "ändra"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1564
+msgid "modified"
+msgstr "ändrad"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1574
+msgid "content"
+msgstr "innehåll"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1581
+msgid "add/add"
+msgstr "tillägg/tillägg"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1615
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipped %s (merged same as existing)"
+msgstr "Hoppade över %s (sammanslagen samma som befintlig)"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1629
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto-merging %s"
+msgstr "Slår ihop %s automatiskt"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1633 git-submodule.sh:1029
+msgid "submodule"
+msgstr "undermodul"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1634
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (%s): Merge conflict in %s"
+msgstr "KONFLIKT (%s): Sammanslagningskonflikt i %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1724
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s"
+msgstr "Tar bort %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1749
+msgid "file/directory"
+msgstr "fil/katalog"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1755
+msgid "directory/file"
+msgstr "katalog/fil"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1760
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (%s): There is a directory with name %s in %s. Adding %s as %s"
+msgstr ""
+"KONFLIKT (%s): Det finns en katalog med namnet %s i %s. Lägger till %s som %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1770
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding %s"
+msgstr "Lägger till %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1787
+msgid "Fatal merge failure, shouldn't happen."
+msgstr "Ödesdigert sammanslagningsfel, borde inte inträffa."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1806
+msgid "Already up-to-date!"
+msgstr "Redan à jour!"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1815
+#, c-format
+msgid "merging of trees %s and %s failed"
+msgstr "sammanslagning av träden %s och %s misslyckades"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1845
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unprocessed path??? %s"
+msgstr "Obehandlad sökväg??? %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1890
+msgid "Merging:"
+msgstr "Slår ihop:"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1903
+#, c-format
+msgid "found %u common ancestor:"
+msgid_plural "found %u common ancestors:"
+msgstr[0] "hittade %u gemensam förfader:"
+msgstr[1] "hittade %u gemensamma förfäder:"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1940
+msgid "merge returned no commit"
+msgstr "sammanslagningen returnerade ingen incheckning"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1997
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse object '%s'"
+msgstr "Kunde inte tolka objektet \"%s\""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:2009 builtin/merge.c:658
+msgid "Unable to write index."
+msgstr "Kunde inte skriva indexet."
+
+#: object.c:195
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse object: %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte tolka objektet: %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:489
+msgid "..."
+msgstr "..."
+
+#: parse-options.c:507
+#, c-format
+msgid "usage: %s"
+msgstr "användning: %s"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: the colon here should align with the
+#. one in "usage: %s" translation
+#: parse-options.c:511
+#, c-format
+msgid "   or: %s"
+msgstr "     eller: %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:514
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %s"
+msgstr "    %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:548
+msgid "-NUM"
+msgstr "-TAL"
+
+#: pathspec.c:83
+#, c-format
+msgid "Path '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
+msgstr "Sökvägen \"%s\" är i undermodulen \"%.*s\""
+
+#: pathspec.c:99
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "\"%s\" är på andra sidan av en symbolisk länk"
+
+#: remote.c:1781
 #, c-format
 msgid "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commit.\n"
 msgid_plural "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commits.\n"
 msgstr[0] "Din gren ligger före \"%s\" med %d incheckning.\n"
 msgstr[1] "Din gren ligger före \"%s\" med %d incheckningar.\n"
 
-#: remote.c:1613
+#: remote.c:1787
+msgid "  (use \"git push\" to publish your local commits)\n"
+msgstr "  (använd \"git push\" för att publicera dina lokala incheckningar)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1790
 #, c-format
 msgid "Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commit, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
 msgid_plural ""
@@ -172,7 +888,11 @@
 msgstr[1] ""
 "Din gren ligger efter \"%s\" med %d incheckningar, och kan snabbspolas.\n"
 
-#: remote.c:1621
+#: remote.c:1798
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to update your local branch)\n"
+msgstr "  (använd \"git pull\" för att uppdatera din lokala gren)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1801
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
@@ -187,19 +907,23 @@
 "Din gren och \"%s\" har divergerat,\n"
 "och har %d respektive %d olika incheckningar.\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:120 builtin/merge.c:865 builtin/merge.c:978
-#: builtin/merge.c:1088 builtin/merge.c:1098
+#: remote.c:1811
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to merge the remote branch into yours)\n"
+msgstr "  (använd \"git pull\" för att slå ihop fjärrgrenen med din egen)\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:206 builtin/merge.c:776 builtin/merge.c:889 builtin/merge.c:999
+#: builtin/merge.c:1009
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing"
 msgstr "Kunde inte öppna \"%s\" för skrivning"
 
-#: sequencer.c:122 builtin/merge.c:333 builtin/merge.c:868
-#: builtin/merge.c:1090 builtin/merge.c:1103
+#: sequencer.c:208 builtin/merge.c:335 builtin/merge.c:779
+#: builtin/merge.c:1001 builtin/merge.c:1014
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not write to '%s'"
 msgstr "Kunde inte skriva till \"%s\""
 
-#: sequencer.c:143
+#: sequencer.c:229
 msgid ""
 "after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
 "with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'"
@@ -207,7 +931,7 @@
 "efter att ha löst konflikterna, markera de rättade sökvägarna\n"
 "med \"git add <sökvägar>\" eller \"git rm <sökvägar>\""
 
-#: sequencer.c:146
+#: sequencer.c:232
 msgid ""
 "after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
 "with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'\n"
@@ -217,546 +941,1372 @@
 "med \"git add <sökvägar>\" eller \"git rm <sökvägar>\"\n"
 "och checka in resultatet med \"git commit\""
 
-#: sequencer.c:159 sequencer.c:685 sequencer.c:768
+#: sequencer.c:245 sequencer.c:859 sequencer.c:942
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not write to %s"
 msgstr "Kunde inte skriva till %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:162
+#: sequencer.c:248
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error wrapping up %s"
 msgstr "Fel vid ombrytning av %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:177
+#: sequencer.c:263
 msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by cherry-pick."
 msgstr "Dina lokala ändringar skulle skrivas över av \"cherry-pick\"."
 
-#: sequencer.c:179
+#: sequencer.c:265
 msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by revert."
 msgstr "Dina lokala ändringar skulle skrivas över av \"revert\"."
 
-#: sequencer.c:182
+#: sequencer.c:268
 msgid "Commit your changes or stash them to proceed."
 msgstr "Checka in dina ändringar eller använd \"stash\" för att fortsätta."
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: %s will be "revert" or "cherry-pick"
-#: sequencer.c:232
+#: sequencer.c:319
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: Unable to write new index file"
 msgstr "%s: Kunde inte skriva ny indexfil"
 
-#: sequencer.c:298
+#: sequencer.c:350
+msgid "Could not resolve HEAD commit\n"
+msgstr "Kunde inte bestämma HEAD:s incheckning\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:371
+msgid "Unable to update cache tree\n"
+msgstr "Kan inte uppdatera cacheträd\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:416
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse commit %s\n"
+msgstr "Kunde inte tolka incheckningen %s\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:421
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse parent commit %s\n"
+msgstr "Kunde inte tolka föräldraincheckningen %s\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:487
 msgid "Your index file is unmerged."
 msgstr "Din indexfil har inte slagits ihop."
 
-#: sequencer.c:301
-msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD"
-msgstr "Du har ingen giltig HEAD"
-
-#: sequencer.c:316
+#: sequencer.c:506
 #, c-format
 msgid "Commit %s is a merge but no -m option was given."
 msgstr "Incheckning %s är en sammanslagning, men flaggan -m angavs inte."
 
-#: sequencer.c:324
+#: sequencer.c:514
 #, c-format
 msgid "Commit %s does not have parent %d"
 msgstr "Incheckning %s har inte förälder %d"
 
-#: sequencer.c:328
+#: sequencer.c:518
 #, c-format
 msgid "Mainline was specified but commit %s is not a merge."
 msgstr "Huvudlinje angavs, men incheckningen %s är inte en sammanslagning"
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: The first %s will be "revert" or
 #. "cherry-pick", the second %s a SHA1
-#: sequencer.c:339
+#: sequencer.c:531
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: cannot parse parent commit %s"
 msgstr "%s: kan inte tolka föräldraincheckningen %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:343
+#: sequencer.c:535
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot get commit message for %s"
 msgstr "Kan inte hämta incheckningsmeddelande för %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:427
+#: sequencer.c:621
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not revert %s... %s"
 msgstr "kunde inte ångra %s... %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:428
+#: sequencer.c:622
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not apply %s... %s"
-msgstr "kunde inte applicera %s... %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte tillämpa %s... %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:450 sequencer.c:909 builtin/log.c:288 builtin/log.c:713
-#: builtin/log.c:1329 builtin/log.c:1548 builtin/merge.c:347
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:181
-msgid "revision walk setup failed"
-msgstr "misslyckades skapa revisionstraversering"
-
-#: sequencer.c:453
+#: sequencer.c:654
 msgid "empty commit set passed"
 msgstr "den angivna uppsättningen incheckningar är tom"
 
-#: sequencer.c:461
+#: sequencer.c:662
 #, c-format
 msgid "git %s: failed to read the index"
 msgstr "git %s: misslyckades läsa indexet"
 
-#: sequencer.c:466
+#: sequencer.c:667
 #, c-format
 msgid "git %s: failed to refresh the index"
 msgstr "git %s: misslyckades uppdatera indexet"
 
-#: sequencer.c:551
+#: sequencer.c:725
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot %s during a %s"
 msgstr "kan inte %s under en %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:573
+#: sequencer.c:747
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse line %d."
 msgstr "Kan inte tolka rad %d."
 
-#: sequencer.c:578
+#: sequencer.c:752
 msgid "No commits parsed."
 msgstr "Inga incheckningar lästes."
 
-#: sequencer.c:591
+#: sequencer.c:765
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not open %s"
 msgstr "Kunde inte öppna %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:595
+#: sequencer.c:769
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not read %s."
 msgstr "kunde inte läsa %s."
 
-#: sequencer.c:602
+#: sequencer.c:776
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unusable instruction sheet: %s"
 msgstr "Oanvändbart manus: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:630
+#: sequencer.c:804
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid key: %s"
 msgstr "Felaktig nyckel: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:633
+#: sequencer.c:807
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid value for %s: %s"
 msgstr "Felaktigt värde för %s: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:645
+#: sequencer.c:819
 #, c-format
 msgid "Malformed options sheet: %s"
 msgstr "Trasigt manus: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:666
+#: sequencer.c:840
 msgid "a cherry-pick or revert is already in progress"
 msgstr "en \"cherry-pick\" eller \"revert\" pågår redan"
 
-#: sequencer.c:667
+#: sequencer.c:841
 msgid "try \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
 msgstr "testa \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
 
-#: sequencer.c:671
+#: sequencer.c:845
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not create sequencer directory %s"
 msgstr "Kunde inte skapa \"sequencer\"-katalogen \"%s\""
 
-#: sequencer.c:687 sequencer.c:772
+#: sequencer.c:861 sequencer.c:946
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error wrapping up %s."
 msgstr "Fel vid ombrytning av %s."
 
-#: sequencer.c:706 sequencer.c:840
+#: sequencer.c:880 sequencer.c:1014
 msgid "no cherry-pick or revert in progress"
 msgstr "ingen \"cherry-pick\" eller \"revert\" pågår"
 
-#: sequencer.c:708
+#: sequencer.c:882
 msgid "cannot resolve HEAD"
 msgstr "kan inte bestämma HEAD"
 
-#: sequencer.c:710
+#: sequencer.c:884
 msgid "cannot abort from a branch yet to be born"
 msgstr "kan inte avbryta från en gren som ännu inte är född"
 
-#: sequencer.c:732
+#: sequencer.c:906 builtin/apply.c:4060
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open %s: %s"
 msgstr "kan inte öppna %s: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:735
+#: sequencer.c:909
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read %s: %s"
 msgstr "kan inte läsa %s: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:736
+#: sequencer.c:910
 msgid "unexpected end of file"
 msgstr "oväntat filslut"
 
-#: sequencer.c:742
+#: sequencer.c:916
 #, c-format
 msgid "stored pre-cherry-pick HEAD file '%s' is corrupt"
 msgstr "sparad HEAD-fil från före \"cherry-pick\", \"%s\", är trasig"
 
-#: sequencer.c:765
+#: sequencer.c:939
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not format %s."
 msgstr "Kunde inte formatera %s."
 
-#: sequencer.c:927
+#: sequencer.c:1083
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: can't cherry-pick a %s"
+msgstr "%s: kan inte göra \"cherry-pick\" på typen \"%s\""
+
+#: sequencer.c:1085
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: bad revision"
+msgstr "%s: felaktig revision"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1119
 msgid "Can't revert as initial commit"
 msgstr "Kan inte ångra som första incheckning"
 
-#: sequencer.c:928
+#: sequencer.c:1120
 msgid "Can't cherry-pick into empty head"
 msgstr "Kan inte göra \"cherry-pick\" i ett tomt huvud"
 
-#: wt-status.c:134
+#: sha1_name.c:1036
+msgid "HEAD does not point to a branch"
+msgstr "HEAD pekar inte på en gren"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1039
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such branch: '%s'"
+msgstr "Okänd gren: \"%s\""
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1041
+#, c-format
+msgid "No upstream configured for branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Ingen standarduppström angiven för grenen \"%s\""
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1044
+#, c-format
+msgid "Upstream branch '%s' not stored as a remote-tracking branch"
+msgstr "Uppströmsgrenen \"%s\" är inte lagrad som en fjärrspårande gren"
+
+#: wrapper.c:408
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s': %s"
+msgstr "kan inte komma åt \"%s\": %s"
+
+#: wrapper.c:423
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s'"
+msgstr "kan inte komma åt \"%s\""
+
+#: wrapper.c:434
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to look up current user in the passwd file: %s"
+msgstr "kan inte slå upp aktuell användare i passwd-filen: %s"
+
+#: wrapper.c:435
+msgid "no such user"
+msgstr "okänd användare"
+
+#: wt-status.c:140
 msgid "Unmerged paths:"
 msgstr "Ej sammanslagna sökvägar:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:140 wt-status.c:157
+#: wt-status.c:167 wt-status.c:194
 #, c-format
 msgid "  (use \"git reset %s <file>...\" to unstage)"
 msgstr "  (använd \"git reset %s <fil>...\" för att ta bort från kö)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:142 wt-status.c:159
+#: wt-status.c:169 wt-status.c:196
 msgid "  (use \"git rm --cached <file>...\" to unstage)"
 msgstr "  (använd \"git rm --cached <fil>...\" för att ta bort från kö)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:143
+#: wt-status.c:173
+msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr "  (använd \"git add <fil>...\" för att ange lösning)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:175 wt-status.c:179
 msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" as appropriate to mark resolution)"
 msgstr "  (använd \"git add/rm <fil>...\" som lämpligt för att ange lösning)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:151
+#: wt-status.c:177
+msgid "  (use \"git rm <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr "  (använd \"git rm <fil>...\" för att ange lösning)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:188
 msgid "Changes to be committed:"
 msgstr "Ändringar att checka in:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:169
+#: wt-status.c:206
 msgid "Changes not staged for commit:"
 msgstr "Ändringar ej i incheckningskön:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:173
+#: wt-status.c:210
 msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
 msgstr ""
 "  (använd \"git add <fil>...\" för att uppdatera vad som skall checkas in)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:175
+#: wt-status.c:212
 msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
 msgstr ""
 "  (använd \"git add/rm <fil>...\" för att uppdatera vad som skall checkas in)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:176
+#: wt-status.c:213
 msgid ""
 "  (use \"git checkout -- <file>...\" to discard changes in working directory)"
 msgstr ""
 "  (använd \"git checkout -- <fil>...\" för att förkasta ändringar i "
 "arbetskatalogen)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:178
+#: wt-status.c:215
 msgid "  (commit or discard the untracked or modified content in submodules)"
 msgstr ""
 "  (checka in eller förkasta ospårat eller ändrat innehåll i undermoduler)"
 
-# %s är ett verb ("Untracked"/"Ignored"); lägg till ett -e.
-#: wt-status.c:187
-#, c-format
-msgid "%s files:"
-msgstr "%se filer:"
-
-#: wt-status.c:190
+#: wt-status.c:227
 #, c-format
 msgid "  (use \"git %s <file>...\" to include in what will be committed)"
 msgstr ""
-"  (använd \"git %s <fil>...\" för att ta med i vad som skall checkas in)"
+"  (använd \"git %s <fil>...\" för att ta med i det som skall checkas in)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:207
+#: wt-status.c:244
 msgid "bug"
 msgstr "programfel"
 
-#: wt-status.c:212
+#: wt-status.c:249
 msgid "both deleted:"
 msgstr "borttaget av bägge:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:213
+#: wt-status.c:250
 msgid "added by us:"
 msgstr "tillagt av oss:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:214
+#: wt-status.c:251
 msgid "deleted by them:"
 msgstr "borttaget av dem:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:215
+#: wt-status.c:252
 msgid "added by them:"
 msgstr "tillagt av dem:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:216
+#: wt-status.c:253
 msgid "deleted by us:"
 msgstr "borttaget av oss:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:217
+#: wt-status.c:254
 msgid "both added:"
 msgstr "tillagt av bägge:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:218
+#: wt-status.c:255
 msgid "both modified:"
 msgstr "ändrat av bägge:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:248
+#: wt-status.c:285
 msgid "new commits, "
 msgstr "nya incheckningar, "
 
-#: wt-status.c:250
+#: wt-status.c:287
 msgid "modified content, "
 msgstr "ändrat innehåll, "
 
-#: wt-status.c:252
+#: wt-status.c:289
 msgid "untracked content, "
 msgstr "ospårat innehåll, "
 
-#: wt-status.c:266
+#: wt-status.c:306
 #, c-format
 msgid "new file:   %s"
 msgstr "ny fil:     %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:269
+#: wt-status.c:309
 #, c-format
 msgid "copied:     %s -> %s"
 msgstr "kopierad:   %s -> %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:272
+#: wt-status.c:312
 #, c-format
 msgid "deleted:    %s"
 msgstr "borttagen:  %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:275
+#: wt-status.c:315
 #, c-format
 msgid "modified:   %s"
 msgstr "ändrad:     %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:278
+#: wt-status.c:318
 #, c-format
 msgid "renamed:    %s -> %s"
 msgstr "namnbyte:   %s -> %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:281
+#: wt-status.c:321
 #, c-format
 msgid "typechange: %s"
 msgstr "typbyte:    %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:284
+#: wt-status.c:324
 #, c-format
 msgid "unknown:    %s"
 msgstr "okänd:      %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:287
+#: wt-status.c:327
 #, c-format
 msgid "unmerged:   %s"
 msgstr "osammansl.: %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:290
+#: wt-status.c:330
 #, c-format
 msgid "bug: unhandled diff status %c"
 msgstr "programfel: diff-status %c ej hanterad"
 
-#: wt-status.c:713
+#: wt-status.c:803
+msgid "You have unmerged paths."
+msgstr "Du har ej sammanslagna sökvägar."
+
+#: wt-status.c:806 wt-status.c:958
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git commit\")"
+msgstr "  (rätta konflikter och kör \"git commit\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:809
+msgid "All conflicts fixed but you are still merging."
+msgstr "Alla konflikter har rättats men du är fortfarande i en sammanslagning."
+
+#: wt-status.c:812
+msgid "  (use \"git commit\" to conclude merge)"
+msgstr "  (använd \"git commit\" för att slutföra sammanslagningen)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:822
+msgid "You are in the middle of an am session."
+msgstr "Du är i mitten av en körning av \"git am\"."
+
+#: wt-status.c:825
+msgid "The current patch is empty."
+msgstr "Aktuell patch är tom."
+
+#: wt-status.c:829
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --resolved\")"
+msgstr "  (rätta konflikter och kör sedan \"git am --resolved\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:831
+msgid "  (use \"git am --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr "  (använd \"git am --skip\" för att hoppa över patchen)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:833
+msgid "  (use \"git am --abort\" to restore the original branch)"
+msgstr "  (använd \"git am --abort\" för att återställa ursprungsgrenen)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:893 wt-status.c:910
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr "Du håller på att ombasera grenen \"%s\" ovanpå \"%s\"."
+
+#: wt-status.c:898 wt-status.c:915
+msgid "You are currently rebasing."
+msgstr "Du håller på med en ombasering."
+
+#: wt-status.c:901
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (rätta konflikter och kör sedan \"git rebase --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:903
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr "  (använd \"git rebase --skip\" för att hoppa över patchen)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:905
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --abort\" to check out the original branch)"
+msgstr "  (använd \"git rebase --abort\" för att checka ut ursprungsgrenen)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:918
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (alla konflikter rättade: kör \"git rebase --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:922
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Du håller på att dela upp en incheckning medan du ombaserar grenen \"%s\" "
+"ovanpå \"%s\"."
+
+#: wt-status.c:927
+msgid "You are currently splitting a commit during a rebase."
+msgstr "Du håller på att dela upp en incheckning i en ombasering."
+
+#: wt-status.c:930
+msgid "  (Once your working directory is clean, run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (Så fort din arbetskatalog är ren, kör \"git rebase --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:934
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Du håller på att redigera en incheckning medan du ombaserar grenen \"%s\" "
+"ovanpå \"%s\"."
+
+#: wt-status.c:939
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit during a rebase."
+msgstr "Du håller på att redigera en incheckning under en ombasering."
+
+#: wt-status.c:942
+msgid "  (use \"git commit --amend\" to amend the current commit)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (använd \"git commit --amend\" för att lägga till på aktuell incheckning)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:944
+msgid ""
+"  (use \"git rebase --continue\" once you are satisfied with your changes)"
+msgstr "  (använd \"git rebase --continue\" när du är nöjd med dina ändringar)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:954
+msgid "You are currently cherry-picking."
+msgstr "Du håller på med en \"cherry-pick\"."
+
+#: wt-status.c:961
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git commit\")"
+msgstr "  (alla konflikter har rättats: kör \"git commit\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:970
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently reverting commit %s."
+msgstr "Du håller på med att ångra incheckningen %s."
+
+#: wt-status.c:975
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (rätta konflikter och kör sedan \"git revert --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:978
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (alla konflikter rättade: kör \"git revert --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:980
+msgid "  (use \"git revert --abort\" to cancel the revert operation)"
+msgstr "  (använd \"git revert --abort\" för att avbryta ångrandet)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:991
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently bisecting, started from branch '%s'."
+msgstr "Du håller på med en \"bisect\", startad från grenen \"%s\"."
+
+#: wt-status.c:995
+msgid "You are currently bisecting."
+msgstr "Du håller på med en \"bisect\"."
+
+#: wt-status.c:998
+msgid "  (use \"git bisect reset\" to get back to the original branch)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (använd \"git bisect reset\" för att komma tillbaka till ursprungsgrenen)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1173
 msgid "On branch "
 msgstr "På grenen "
 
-#: wt-status.c:720
+#: wt-status.c:1184
+msgid "HEAD detached at "
+msgstr "HEAD frånkopplad vid "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1186
+msgid "HEAD detached from "
+msgstr "HEAD frånkopplad från "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1189
 msgid "Not currently on any branch."
 msgstr "Inte på någon gren för närvarande."
 
-#: wt-status.c:731
+#: wt-status.c:1206
 msgid "Initial commit"
 msgstr "Första incheckning"
 
-#: wt-status.c:745
-msgid "Untracked"
-msgstr "Ospårad"
+#: wt-status.c:1220
+msgid "Untracked files"
+msgstr "Ospårade filer"
 
-#: wt-status.c:747
-msgid "Ignored"
-msgstr "Ignorerad"
+#: wt-status.c:1222
+msgid "Ignored files"
+msgstr "Ignorerade filer"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1226
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files. 'status -uno'\n"
+"may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add\n"
+"new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+msgstr ""
+"Det tog %.2f sekunder att räkna upp ospårade filer. \"status -uno\"\n"
+"kan gå snabbare, men du måste vara försiktig så du inte glömmer\n"
+"lägga till nya filer själv (se \"git help status\")."
 
 # %s är nästa sträng eller tom.
-#: wt-status.c:749
+#: wt-status.c:1232
 #, c-format
 msgid "Untracked files not listed%s"
 msgstr "Ospårade filer visas ej%s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:751
+#: wt-status.c:1234
 msgid " (use -u option to show untracked files)"
 msgstr " (använd flaggan -u för att visa ospårade filer)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:757
+#: wt-status.c:1240
 msgid "No changes"
 msgstr "Inga ändringar"
 
-#: wt-status.c:761
+#: wt-status.c:1245
 #, c-format
-msgid "no changes added to commit%s\n"
-msgstr "inga ändringar att checka in%s\n"
+msgid "no changes added to commit (use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")\n"
+msgstr ""
+"inga ändringar att checka in (använd \"git add\" och/eller \"git commit -a"
+"\")\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:763
-msgid " (use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")"
-msgstr " (använd \"git add\" och/eller \"git commit -a\")"
-
-#: wt-status.c:765
+#: wt-status.c:1248
 #, c-format
-msgid "nothing added to commit but untracked files present%s\n"
-msgstr "inget köat för incheckning, men ospårade filer finns%s\n"
+msgid "no changes added to commit\n"
+msgstr "inga ändringar att checka in\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:767
-msgid " (use \"git add\" to track)"
-msgstr " (använd \"git add\" för att spåra)"
-
-#: wt-status.c:769 wt-status.c:772 wt-status.c:775
+#: wt-status.c:1251
 #, c-format
-msgid "nothing to commit%s\n"
-msgstr "inget att checka in%s\n"
+msgid ""
+"nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use \"git add\" to "
+"track)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"inget köat för incheckning, men ospårade filer finns (spåra med \"git add"
+"\")\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:770
-msgid " (create/copy files and use \"git add\" to track)"
-msgstr " (skapa/kopiera filer och använd \"git add\" för att spåra)"
+#: wt-status.c:1254
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing added to commit but untracked files present\n"
+msgstr "inget köat för incheckning, men ospårade filer finns\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:773
-msgid " (use -u to show untracked files)"
-msgstr " (använd -u för att visa ospårade filer)"
+#: wt-status.c:1257
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (create/copy files and use \"git add\" to track)\n"
+msgstr "inget att checka in (skapa/kopiera filer och spåra med \"git add\")\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:776
-msgid " (working directory clean)"
-msgstr " (arbetskatalogen ren)"
+#: wt-status.c:1260 wt-status.c:1265
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit\n"
+msgstr "inget att checka in\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:884
+#: wt-status.c:1263
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)\n"
+msgstr "inget att checka in (använd -u för att visa ospårade filer)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1267
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit, working directory clean\n"
+msgstr "inget att checka in, arbetskatalogen ren\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1375
 msgid "HEAD (no branch)"
 msgstr "HEAD (ingen gren)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:890
+#: wt-status.c:1381
 msgid "Initial commit on "
 msgstr "Första incheckning på "
 
-#: wt-status.c:905
+#: wt-status.c:1396
 msgid "behind "
 msgstr "efter "
 
-#: wt-status.c:908 wt-status.c:911
+#: wt-status.c:1399 wt-status.c:1402
 msgid "ahead "
 msgstr "före "
 
-#: wt-status.c:913
+#: wt-status.c:1404
 msgid ", behind "
 msgstr ", efter "
 
-#: builtin/add.c:62
+#: compat/precompose_utf8.c:58 builtin/clone.c:352
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to unlink '%s'"
+msgstr "misslyckades ta bort länken \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:20
+msgid "git add [options] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git add [flaggor] [--] <sökväg>..."
+
+#.
+#. * To be consistent with "git add -p" and most Git
+#. * commands, we should default to being tree-wide, but
+#. * this is not the original behavior and can't be
+#. * changed until users trained themselves not to type
+#. * "git add -u" or "git add -A". For now, we warn and
+#. * keep the old behavior. Later, the behavior can be changed
+#. * to tree-wide, keeping the warning for a while, and
+#. * eventually we can drop the warning.
+#.
+#: builtin/add.c:58
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The behavior of 'git add %s (or %s)' with no path argument from a\n"
+"subdirectory of the tree will change in Git 2.0 and should not be used "
+"anymore.\n"
+"To add content for the whole tree, run:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s :/\n"
+"  (or git add %s :/)\n"
+"\n"
+"To restrict the command to the current directory, run:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s .\n"
+"  (or git add %s .)\n"
+"\n"
+"With the current Git version, the command is restricted to the current "
+"directory.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Beteendet för \"git add %s (eller %s)\" utan sökvägsargument från en\n"
+"underkatalog i ett träd kommer ändras i Git 2.0 och bör inte längre "
+"användas.\n"
+"För att lägga till innehållet för hela trädet, använd:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s :/\n"
+"  (eller git add %s :/)\n"
+"\n"
+"För att begränsa kommandot till aktuell katalog, använd:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s .\n"
+"  (eller git add %s .)\n"
+"\n"
+"I nuvarande version av Git begränsas kommandot till aktuell katalog.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You ran 'git add' with neither '-A (--all)' or '--ignore-removal',\n"
+"whose behaviour will change in Git 2.0 with respect to paths you removed.\n"
+"Paths like '%s' that are\n"
+"removed from your working tree are ignored with this version of Git.\n"
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --ignore-removal <pathspec>', which is the current default,\n"
+"  ignores paths you removed from your working tree.\n"
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --all <pathspec>' will let you also record the removals.\n"
+"\n"
+"Run 'git status' to check the paths you removed from your working tree.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Du körde \"git add\" utan varken \"-A (--all)\" eller \"--ignore-removal\".\n"
+"Beteendet kommer ändras i Git 2.0 vad gäller sökvägar du tagit bort.\n"
+"Sökvägar som \"%s\", som har\n"
+"tagits bort från din arbetskatalog ignoreras i den här versionen av Git.\n"
+"\n"
+"* \"git add --ignore-removal <sökväg>\", som är förvalet just nu,\n"
+"  ignorerar sökvägar du har tagit bort från arbetskatalogen.\n"
+"\n"
+"* \"git add --all <sökväg>\" låter dig även registrera borttagningarna.\n"
+"\n"
+"Kör \"git status\" för att kontrollera sökvägarna du tagit bort från\n"
+"arbetskatalogen.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:144
 #, c-format
 msgid "unexpected diff status %c"
 msgstr "diff-status %c förväntades inte"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:67 builtin/commit.c:298
+#: builtin/add.c:149 builtin/commit.c:233
 msgid "updating files failed"
 msgstr "misslyckades uppdatera filer"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:77
+#: builtin/add.c:163
 #, c-format
 msgid "remove '%s'\n"
 msgstr "ta bort \"%s\"\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:176
-#, c-format
-msgid "Path '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
-msgstr "Sökvägen \"%s\" är i undermodulen \"%.*s\""
-
-#: builtin/add.c:192
+#: builtin/add.c:253
 msgid "Unstaged changes after refreshing the index:"
 msgstr "Ospårade ändringar efter att ha uppdaterat indexet:"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:195 builtin/add.c:456 builtin/rm.c:186
+#: builtin/add.c:256 builtin/add.c:572 builtin/rm.c:275
 #, c-format
 msgid "pathspec '%s' did not match any files"
 msgstr "sökvägsangivelsen \"%s\" motsvarade inte några filer"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:209
-#, c-format
-msgid "'%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
-msgstr "\"%s\" är på andra sidan av en symbolisk länk"
-
-#: builtin/add.c:276
+#: builtin/add.c:339
 msgid "Could not read the index"
 msgstr "Kunde inte läsa indexet"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:286
+#: builtin/add.c:349
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing."
 msgstr "Kunde inte öppna \"%s\" för skrivning"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:290
+#: builtin/add.c:353
 msgid "Could not write patch"
 msgstr "Kunde inte skriva patch"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:295
+#: builtin/add.c:358
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not stat '%s'"
 msgstr "Kunde inte ta status på \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:297
+#: builtin/add.c:360
 msgid "Empty patch. Aborted."
 msgstr "Tom patch. Avbryter."
 
-#: builtin/add.c:303
+#: builtin/add.c:366
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not apply '%s'"
-msgstr "Kunde inte applicera \"%s\""
+msgstr "Kunde inte tillämpa \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:312
+#: builtin/add.c:376
 msgid "The following paths are ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
 msgstr "Följande sökvägar ignoreras av en av dina .gitignore-filer:\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:352
+#: builtin/add.c:393 builtin/clean.c:161 builtin/fetch.c:78 builtin/mv.c:63
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:76 builtin/push.c:425 builtin/remote.c:1253
+#: builtin/rm.c:206
+msgid "dry run"
+msgstr "testkörning"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:394 builtin/apply.c:4409 builtin/check-ignore.c:19
+#: builtin/commit.c:1152 builtin/count-objects.c:95 builtin/fsck.c:613
+#: builtin/log.c:1518 builtin/mv.c:62 builtin/read-tree.c:112
+msgid "be verbose"
+msgstr "var pratsam"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:396
+msgid "interactive picking"
+msgstr "plocka interaktivt"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:397 builtin/checkout.c:1063 builtin/reset.c:258
+msgid "select hunks interactively"
+msgstr "välj stycken interaktivt"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:398
+msgid "edit current diff and apply"
+msgstr "redigera aktuell diff och applicera"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:399
+msgid "allow adding otherwise ignored files"
+msgstr "tillåt lägga till annars ignorerade filer"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:400
+msgid "update tracked files"
+msgstr "uppdatera spårade filer"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:401
+msgid "record only the fact that the path will be added later"
+msgstr "registrera endast att sökvägen kommer läggas till senare"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:402
+msgid "add changes from all tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr "lägg till ändringar från alla spårade och ospårade filer"
+
+#. takes no arguments
+#: builtin/add.c:405
+msgid "ignore paths removed in the working tree (same as --no-all)"
+msgstr "ignorera sökvägar borttagna i arbetskatalogen (samma som --no-all)"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:407
+msgid "don't add, only refresh the index"
+msgstr "lägg inte till, uppdatera endast indexet"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:408
+msgid "just skip files which cannot be added because of errors"
+msgstr "hoppa bara över filer som inte kan läggas till på grund av fel"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:409
+msgid "check if - even missing - files are ignored in dry run"
+msgstr "se om - även saknade - filer ignoreras i testkörning"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:431
 #, c-format
 msgid "Use -f if you really want to add them.\n"
 msgstr "Använd -f om du verkligen vill lägga till dem.\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:353
+#: builtin/add.c:432
 msgid "no files added"
 msgstr "inga filer har lagts till"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:359
+#: builtin/add.c:438
 msgid "adding files failed"
 msgstr "misslyckades lägga till filer"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:391
+#: builtin/add.c:477
 msgid "-A and -u are mutually incompatible"
 msgstr "-A och -u är ömsesidigt inkompatibla"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:393
+#: builtin/add.c:495
 msgid "Option --ignore-missing can only be used together with --dry-run"
 msgstr "Flaggan --ignore-missing kan endast användas tillsammans med --dry-run"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:413
+#: builtin/add.c:525
 #, c-format
 msgid "Nothing specified, nothing added.\n"
 msgstr "Inget angivet, inget tillagt.\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:414
+#: builtin/add.c:526
 #, c-format
 msgid "Maybe you wanted to say 'git add .'?\n"
 msgstr "Kanske menade du att skriva \"git add .\"?\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:420 builtin/clean.c:95 builtin/commit.c:358 builtin/mv.c:82
-#: builtin/rm.c:162
+#: builtin/add.c:532 builtin/check-ignore.c:66 builtin/clean.c:204
+#: builtin/commit.c:293 builtin/mv.c:82 builtin/rm.c:235
 msgid "index file corrupt"
 msgstr "indexfilen trasig"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:476 builtin/mv.c:229 builtin/rm.c:260
+#: builtin/add.c:604 builtin/apply.c:4505 builtin/mv.c:229 builtin/rm.c:370
 msgid "Unable to write new index file"
 msgstr "Kunde inte skriva ny indexfil"
 
+#: builtin/apply.c:57
+msgid "git apply [options] [<patch>...]"
+msgstr "git apply [flaggor] [<patch>...]"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:110
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized whitespace option '%s'"
+msgstr "okänt alternativ för whitespace: \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:125
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized whitespace ignore option '%s'"
+msgstr "okänt alternativ för ignore-whitespace: \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:823
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot prepare timestamp regexp %s"
+msgstr "Kan inte förbereda reguljärt uttryck för tidsstämpeln %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:832
+#, c-format
+msgid "regexec returned %d for input: %s"
+msgstr "regexec returnerade %d för indata: %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:913
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to find filename in patch at line %d"
+msgstr "kan inte hitta filnamn i patchen på rad %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:945
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null, got %s on line %d"
+msgstr "git apply: dålig git-diff - förväntade /dev/null, fick %s på rad %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:949
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent new filename on line %d"
+msgstr "git apply: dålig git-diff - motsägande nytt filnamn på rad %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:950
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent old filename on line %d"
+msgstr "git apply: dålig git-diff - motsägande gammalt filnamn på rad %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:957
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null on line %d"
+msgstr "git apply: dålig git-diff - förväntade /dev/null på rad %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1422
+#, c-format
+msgid "recount: unexpected line: %.*s"
+msgstr "recount: förväntade rad: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1479
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch fragment without header at line %d: %.*s"
+msgstr "patch-fragment utan huvud på rad %d: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1496
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
+"component (line %d)"
+msgid_plural ""
+"git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
+"components (line %d)"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"git-diff-huvudet saknar filnamnsinformation när %d ledande sökvägskomponent\n"
+"tas bort (rad %d)"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"git-diff-huvudet saknar filnamnsinformation när %d ledande "
+"sökvägskomponenter\n"
+"tas bort (rad %d)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1656
+msgid "new file depends on old contents"
+msgstr "ny fil beror på gammalt innehåll"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1658
+msgid "deleted file still has contents"
+msgstr "borttagen fil har fortfarande innehåll"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1684
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt patch at line %d"
+msgstr "trasig patch på rad %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1720
+#, c-format
+msgid "new file %s depends on old contents"
+msgstr "nya filen %s beror på gammalt innehåll"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1722
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleted file %s still has contents"
+msgstr "borttagna filen %s har fortfarande innehåll"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1725
+#, c-format
+msgid "** warning: file %s becomes empty but is not deleted"
+msgstr "** varning: filen %s blir tom men har inte tagits bort"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1871
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt binary patch at line %d: %.*s"
+msgstr "trasig binärpatch på rad %d: %.*s"
+
+#. there has to be one hunk (forward hunk)
+#: builtin/apply.c:1900
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized binary patch at line %d"
+msgstr "binärpatchen på rad %d känns inte igen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1986
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch with only garbage at line %d"
+msgstr "patch med bara skräp på rad %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2076
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read symlink %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte läsa symboliska länken %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2080
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to open or read %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte öppna eller läsa %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2688
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid start of line: '%c'"
+msgstr "felaktig inledning på rad: \"%c\""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2806
+#, c-format
+msgid "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d line)."
+msgid_plural "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d lines)."
+msgstr[0] "Stycke %d lyckades på %d (offset %d rad)."
+msgstr[1] "Stycke %d lyckades på %d (offset %d rader)."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2818
+#, c-format
+msgid "Context reduced to (%ld/%ld) to apply fragment at %d"
+msgstr "Sammanhang reducerat till (%ld/%ld) för att tillämpa fragment vid %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2824
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"while searching for:\n"
+"%.*s"
+msgstr ""
+"vid sökning efter:\n"
+"%.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2843
+#, c-format
+msgid "missing binary patch data for '%s'"
+msgstr "saknar binära patchdata för \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2946
+#, c-format
+msgid "binary patch does not apply to '%s'"
+msgstr "binärpatchen kan inte tillämpas på \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2952
+#, c-format
+msgid "binary patch to '%s' creates incorrect result (expecting %s, got %s)"
+msgstr "binärpatchen på \"%s\" ger felaktigt resultat (förväntade %s, fick %s)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2973
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch failed: %s:%ld"
+msgstr "patch misslyckades: %s:%ld"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3095
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot checkout %s"
+msgstr "kan inte checka ut %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3140 builtin/apply.c:3149 builtin/apply.c:3193
+#, c-format
+msgid "read of %s failed"
+msgstr "misslyckades läsa %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3173 builtin/apply.c:3395
+#, c-format
+msgid "path %s has been renamed/deleted"
+msgstr "sökvägen %s har ändrat namn/tagits bort"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3254 builtin/apply.c:3409
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: does not exist in index"
+msgstr "%s: finns inte i indexet"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3258 builtin/apply.c:3401 builtin/apply.c:3423
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3263 builtin/apply.c:3417
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: does not match index"
+msgstr "%s: motsvarar inte indexet"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3365
+msgid "removal patch leaves file contents"
+msgstr "patch för borttagning lämnar kvar filinnehåll"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3434
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: wrong type"
+msgstr "%s: fel typ"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3436
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s has type %o, expected %o"
+msgstr "%s har typen %o, förväntade %o"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3537
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in index"
+msgstr "%s: finns redan i indexet"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3540
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in working directory"
+msgstr "%s: finns redan i arbetskatalogen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3560
+#, c-format
+msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o)"
+msgstr "nytt läge (%o) för %s motsvarar inte gammalt läge (%o)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3565
+#, c-format
+msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o) of %s"
+msgstr "nytt läge (%o) för %s motsvarar inte gammalt läge (%o) för %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3573
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: patch does not apply"
+msgstr "%s: patchen kan inte tillämpas"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3586
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking patch %s..."
+msgstr "Kontrollerar patchen %s..."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3679 builtin/checkout.c:216 builtin/reset.c:124
+#, c-format
+msgid "make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"
+msgstr "make_cache_entry misslyckades för sökvägen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3822
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to remove %s from index"
+msgstr "kan inte ta bort %s från indexet"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3850
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt patch for subproject %s"
+msgstr "trasig patch för underprojektet %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3854
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to stat newly created file '%s'"
+msgstr "kan inte ta status på nyligen skapade filen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3859
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create backing store for newly created file %s"
+msgstr "kan inte skapa säkerhetsminne för nyligen skapade filen %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3862 builtin/apply.c:3970
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to add cache entry for %s"
+msgstr "kan inte lägga till cachepost för %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3895
+#, c-format
+msgid "closing file '%s'"
+msgstr "stänger filen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3944
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to write file '%s' mode %o"
+msgstr "kan inte skriva filen \"%s\" läge %o"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4031
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applied patch %s cleanly."
+msgstr "Tillämpade patchen %s rent."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4039
+msgid "internal error"
+msgstr "internt fel"
+
+#. Say this even without --verbose
+#: builtin/apply.c:4042
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applying patch %%s with %d reject..."
+msgid_plural "Applying patch %%s with %d rejects..."
+msgstr[0] "Tillämpade patchen %%s med %d refuserad..."
+msgstr[1] "Tillämpade patchen %%s med %d refuserade..."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4052
+#, c-format
+msgid "truncating .rej filename to %.*s.rej"
+msgstr "trunkerar .rej-filnamnet till %.*s.rej"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4073
+#, c-format
+msgid "Hunk #%d applied cleanly."
+msgstr "Stycke %d tillämpades rent."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4076
+#, c-format
+msgid "Rejected hunk #%d."
+msgstr "Refuserar stycke %d."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4226
+msgid "unrecognized input"
+msgstr "indata känns inte igen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4237
+msgid "unable to read index file"
+msgstr "kan inte läsa indexfilen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4356 builtin/apply.c:4359 builtin/clone.c:92
+#: builtin/fetch.c:63
+msgid "path"
+msgstr "sökväg"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4357
+msgid "don't apply changes matching the given path"
+msgstr "tillämpa inte ändringar som motsvarar given sökväg"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4360
+msgid "apply changes matching the given path"
+msgstr "tillämpa ändringar som motsvarar given sökväg"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4362
+msgid "num"
+msgstr "antal"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4363
+msgid "remove <num> leading slashes from traditional diff paths"
+msgstr "ta bort <antal> inledande snedstreck från traditionella diff-sökvägar"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4366
+msgid "ignore additions made by the patch"
+msgstr "ignorera tillägg gjorda av patchen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4368
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, output diffstat for the input"
+msgstr "istället för att tillämpa patchen, skriv ut diffstat för indata"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4372
+msgid "show number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation"
+msgstr "visa antal tillagda och borttagna rader decimalt"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4374
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, output a summary for the input"
+msgstr "istället för att tillämpa patchen, skriv ut en summering av indata"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4376
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, see if the patch is applicable"
+msgstr "istället för att tillämpa patchen, se om patchen kan tillämpas"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4378
+msgid "make sure the patch is applicable to the current index"
+msgstr "se till att patchen kan tillämpas på aktuellt index"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4380
+msgid "apply a patch without touching the working tree"
+msgstr "tillämpa en patch utan att röra arbetskatalogen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4382
+msgid "also apply the patch (use with --stat/--summary/--check)"
+msgstr "tillämpa också patchen (använd med --stat/--summary/--check)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4384
+msgid "attempt three-way merge if a patch does not apply"
+msgstr "försök en trevägssammanslagning om patchen inte kan tillämpas"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4386
+msgid "build a temporary index based on embedded index information"
+msgstr "bygg ett temporärt index baserat på inbyggd indexinformation"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4388 builtin/checkout-index.c:197 builtin/ls-files.c:456
+msgid "paths are separated with NUL character"
+msgstr "sökvägar avdelas med NUL-tecken"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4391
+msgid "ensure at least <n> lines of context match"
+msgstr "se till att åtminstone <n> rader sammanhang är lika"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4392
+msgid "action"
+msgstr "åtgärd"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4393
+msgid "detect new or modified lines that have whitespace errors"
+msgstr "detektera nya eller ändrade rader som har fel i blanktecken"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4396 builtin/apply.c:4399
+msgid "ignore changes in whitespace when finding context"
+msgstr "ignorera ändringar i blanktecken för sammanhang"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4402
+msgid "apply the patch in reverse"
+msgstr "tillämpa patchen baklänges"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4404
+msgid "don't expect at least one line of context"
+msgstr "förvänta inte minst en rad sammanhang"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4406
+msgid "leave the rejected hunks in corresponding *.rej files"
+msgstr "lämna refuserade stycken i motsvarande *.rej-filer"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4408
+msgid "allow overlapping hunks"
+msgstr "tillåt överlappande stycken"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4411
+msgid "tolerate incorrectly detected missing new-line at the end of file"
+msgstr "tolerera felaktigt detekterade saknade nyradstecken vid filslut"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4414
+msgid "do not trust the line counts in the hunk headers"
+msgstr "lite inte på antalet linjer i styckehuvuden"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4416
+msgid "root"
+msgstr "rot"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4417
+msgid "prepend <root> to all filenames"
+msgstr "lägg till <rot> i alla filnamn"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4439
+msgid "--3way outside a repository"
+msgstr "--3way utanför arkiv"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4447
+msgid "--index outside a repository"
+msgstr "--index utanför arkiv"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4450
+msgid "--cached outside a repository"
+msgstr "--cached utanför arkiv"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4466
+#, c-format
+msgid "can't open patch '%s'"
+msgstr "kan inte öppna patchen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4480
+#, c-format
+msgid "squelched %d whitespace error"
+msgid_plural "squelched %d whitespace errors"
+msgstr[0] "undertryckte %d fel i blanksteg"
+msgstr[1] "undertryckte %d fel i blanksteg"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4486 builtin/apply.c:4496
+#, c-format
+msgid "%d line adds whitespace errors."
+msgid_plural "%d lines add whitespace errors."
+msgstr[0] "%d rad lägger till fel i blanksteg."
+msgstr[1] "%d rader lägger till fel i blanksteg."
+
 #: builtin/archive.c:17
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create archive file '%s'"
@@ -774,25 +2324,153 @@
 msgid "git archive: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF"
 msgstr "git archive: förväntade ACK/NAK, fick EOF"
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:63
+#: builtin/archive.c:61
 #, c-format
 msgid "git archive: NACK %s"
 msgstr "git archive: NACK %s"
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:65
+#: builtin/archive.c:63
 #, c-format
 msgid "remote error: %s"
 msgstr "fjärrfel: %s"
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:66
+#: builtin/archive.c:64
 msgid "git archive: protocol error"
 msgstr "git archive: protokollfel"
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:71
+#: builtin/archive.c:68
 msgid "git archive: expected a flush"
 msgstr "git archive: förväntade en tömning (flush)"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:137
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:7
+msgid "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
+msgstr "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:17
+msgid "perform 'git bisect next'"
+msgstr "utför 'git bisect next'"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:19
+msgid "update BISECT_HEAD instead of checking out the current commit"
+msgstr "uppdatera BISECT_HEAD istället för att checka ut aktuell incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:25
+msgid "git blame [options] [rev-opts] [rev] [--] file"
+msgstr "git blame [flaggor] [rev-flaggor] [rev] [--] fil"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:30
+msgid "[rev-opts] are documented in git-rev-list(1)"
+msgstr "[rev-flaggor] dokumenteras i git-rev-list(1)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2355
+msgid "Show blame entries as we find them, incrementally"
+msgstr "Visa klandringsposter när vi hittar dem, interaktivt"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2356
+msgid "Show blank SHA-1 for boundary commits (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Visa blank SHA-1 för gränsincheckningar (Standard: av)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2357
+msgid "Do not treat root commits as boundaries (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Behandla inte rotincheckningar som gränser (Standard: av)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2358
+msgid "Show work cost statistics"
+msgstr "Visa statistik över arbetskostnad"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2359
+msgid "Show output score for blame entries"
+msgstr "Visa utdatapoäng för klandringsposter"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2360
+msgid "Show original filename (Default: auto)"
+msgstr "Visa originalfilnamn (Standard: auto)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2361
+msgid "Show original linenumber (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Visa ursprungligt radnummer (Standard: av)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2362
+msgid "Show in a format designed for machine consumption"
+msgstr "Visa i ett format avsett för maskinkonsumtion"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2363
+msgid "Show porcelain format with per-line commit information"
+msgstr "Visa porslinsformat med per-rad-incheckningsinformation"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2364
+msgid "Use the same output mode as git-annotate (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Använd samma utdataläge som git-annotate (Standard: av)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2365
+msgid "Show raw timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Visa rå tidsstämpel (Standard: av)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2366
+msgid "Show long commit SHA1 (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Visa lång inchecknings-SHA1 (Standard: av)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2367
+msgid "Suppress author name and timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Undertryck författarnamn och tidsstämpel (Standard: av)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2368
+msgid "Show author email instead of name (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Visa författarens e-post istället för namn (Standard: av)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2369
+msgid "Ignore whitespace differences"
+msgstr "Ignorera ändringar i blanksteg"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2370
+msgid "Spend extra cycles to find better match"
+msgstr "Slösa extra cykler med att hitta bättre träff"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2371
+msgid "Use revisions from <file> instead of calling git-rev-list"
+msgstr "Använd revisioner från <fil> istället för att anropa git-rev-list"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2372
+msgid "Use <file>'s contents as the final image"
+msgstr "Använd <fil>s innehåll som slutgiltig bild"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2373 builtin/blame.c:2374
+msgid "score"
+msgstr "poäng"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2373
+msgid "Find line copies within and across files"
+msgstr "Hitta kopierade rader inuti och mellan filer"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2374
+msgid "Find line movements within and across files"
+msgstr "Hitta flyttade rader inuti och mellan filer"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2375
+msgid "n,m"
+msgstr "n,m"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2375
+msgid "Process only line range n,m, counting from 1"
+msgstr "Behandla endast radintervallet n,m, med början på 1"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:24
+msgid "git branch [options] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+msgstr "git branch [flaggor] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:25
+msgid "git branch [options] [-l] [-f] <branchname> [<start-point>]"
+msgstr "git branch [flaggor] [-l] [-f] <grennamn> [<startpunkt>]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:26
+msgid "git branch [options] [-r] (-d | -D) <branchname>..."
+msgstr "git branch [flaggor] [-r] (-d | -D) <grennamn>..."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:27
+msgid "git branch [options] (-m | -M) [<oldbranch>] <newbranch>"
+msgstr "git branch [flaggor] (-m | -M) [<gammal_gren>] <ny_gren>"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:150
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "deleting branch '%s' that has been merged to\n"
@@ -801,7 +2479,7 @@
 "tar bort grenen \"%s\" som har slagits ihop med\n"
 "         \"%s\", men ännu inte slagits ihop med HEAD."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:141
+#: builtin/branch.c:154
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "not deleting branch '%s' that is not yet merged to\n"
@@ -810,35 +2488,12 @@
 "tar inte bort grenen \"%s\" som inte har slagits ihop med\n"
 "         \"%s\", trots att den har slagits ihop med HEAD."
 
-#. TRANSLATORS: This is "remote " in "remote branch '%s' not found"
-#: builtin/branch.c:163
-msgid "remote "
-msgstr "fjärr"
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:171
-msgid "cannot use -a with -d"
-msgstr "kan inte ange -a med -d"
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:177
-msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD"
-msgstr "Kunde inte slå upp incheckningsobjekt för HEAD"
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:182
-#, c-format
-msgid "Cannot delete the branch '%s' which you are currently on."
-msgstr "Kan inte ta bort grenen \"%s\" som du befinner dig på för närvarande."
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:192
-#, c-format
-msgid "%sbranch '%s' not found."
-msgstr "%sgrenen \"%s\" hittades inte."
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:200
+#: builtin/branch.c:168
 #, c-format
 msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for '%s'"
 msgstr "Kunde inte slå upp incheckningsobjekt för \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:206
+#: builtin/branch.c:172
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The branch '%s' is not fully merged.\n"
@@ -847,100 +2502,361 @@
 "Grenen \"%s\" har inte slagits samman i sin helhet.\n"
 "Om du är säker på att du vill ta bort den, kör \"git branch -D %s\"."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:214
-#, c-format
-msgid "Error deleting %sbranch '%s'"
-msgstr "Fel vid borttagning av %sgrenen \"%s\""
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:219
-#, c-format
-msgid "Deleted %sbranch %s (was %s).\n"
-msgstr "Tog bort %sgrenen %s (var %s).\n"
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:224
+#: builtin/branch.c:185
 msgid "Update of config-file failed"
 msgstr "Misslyckades uppdatera konfigurationsfil"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:322
+#: builtin/branch.c:213
+msgid "cannot use -a with -d"
+msgstr "kan inte ange -a med -d"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:219
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD"
+msgstr "Kunde inte slå upp incheckningsobjekt för HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:227
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot delete the branch '%s' which you are currently on."
+msgstr "Kan inte ta bort grenen \"%s\" som du befinner dig på för närvarande."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:240
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "fjärrgrenen \"%s\" hittades inte."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "grenen \"%s\" hittades inte."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:255
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error deleting remote branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Fel vid borttagning av fjärrgrenen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:256
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error deleting branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Fel vid borttagning av grenen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:263
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted remote branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr "Tog bort fjärrgrenen %s (var %s).\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:264
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr "Tog bort grenen %s (var %s).\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:366
 #, c-format
 msgid "branch '%s' does not point at a commit"
 msgstr "grenen \"%s\" pekar inte på en incheckning"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:394
+#: builtin/branch.c:453
 #, c-format
-msgid "behind %d] "
-msgstr "bakom %d] "
+msgid "[%s: behind %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: bakom %d] "
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:396
+#: builtin/branch.c:455
 #, c-format
-msgid "ahead %d] "
-msgstr "före %d] "
+msgid "[behind %d]"
+msgstr "[bakom %d] "
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:398
+#: builtin/branch.c:459
 #, c-format
-msgid "ahead %d, behind %d] "
-msgstr "före %d, bakom %d] "
+msgid "[%s: ahead %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: före %d] "
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:501
+#: builtin/branch.c:461
+#, c-format
+msgid "[ahead %d]"
+msgstr "[före %d] "
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:464
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: ahead %d, behind %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: före %d, bakom %d] "
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:467
+#, c-format
+msgid "[ahead %d, behind %d]"
+msgstr "[före %d, bakom %d] "
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:490
+msgid " **** invalid ref ****"
+msgstr " **** ogiltig ref ****"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, rebasing %s)"
+msgstr "(ingen gren, ombaserar %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:585
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, bisect started on %s)"
+msgstr "(ingen gren, \"bisect\" startad på %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:588
+#, c-format
+msgid "(detached from %s)"
+msgstr "(frånkopplad från %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:591
 msgid "(no branch)"
 msgstr "(ingen gren)"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:566
+#: builtin/branch.c:637
+#, c-format
+msgid "object '%s' does not point to a commit"
+msgstr "objektet \"%s\" pekar på en incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:669
 msgid "some refs could not be read"
 msgstr "vissa referenser kunde inte läsas"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:579
+#: builtin/branch.c:682
 msgid "cannot rename the current branch while not on any."
 msgstr ""
 "kunde inte byta namn på aktuell gren när du inte befinner dig på någon."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:589
+#: builtin/branch.c:692
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid branch name: '%s'"
 msgstr "Felaktigt namn på gren: \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:604
+#: builtin/branch.c:707
 msgid "Branch rename failed"
 msgstr "Misslyckades byta namn på gren"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:608
+#: builtin/branch.c:711
 #, c-format
 msgid "Renamed a misnamed branch '%s' away"
 msgstr "Bytte bort namn på en felaktigt namngiven gren \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:612
+#: builtin/branch.c:715
 #, c-format
 msgid "Branch renamed to %s, but HEAD is not updated!"
 msgstr "Grenen namnbytt till %s, men HEAD har inte uppdaterats!"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:619
+#: builtin/branch.c:722
 msgid "Branch is renamed, but update of config-file failed"
 msgstr "Grenen namnbytt, men misslyckades uppdatera konfigurationsfilen"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:634
+#: builtin/branch.c:737
 #, c-format
 msgid "malformed object name %s"
 msgstr "felformat objektnamn %s"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:658
+#: builtin/branch.c:761
 #, c-format
-msgid "could not write branch description template: %s\n"
-msgstr "kunde inte skriva grenbeskrivningsmall: %s\n"
+msgid "could not write branch description template: %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte skriva grenbeskrivningsmall: %s"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:746
+#: builtin/branch.c:791
+msgid "Generic options"
+msgstr "Allmänna flaggor"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:793
+msgid "show hash and subject, give twice for upstream branch"
+msgstr "visa hash och ärenderad, ange två gånger för uppströmsgren"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:794
+msgid "suppress informational messages"
+msgstr "undertryck informationsmeddelanden"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:795
+msgid "set up tracking mode (see git-pull(1))"
+msgstr "ställ in spårningsläge (se git-pull(1))"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:797
+msgid "change upstream info"
+msgstr "ändra uppströmsinformation"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:801
+msgid "use colored output"
+msgstr "använd färgad utdata"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:802
+msgid "act on remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "arbeta på fjärrspårande grenar"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:805 builtin/branch.c:811 builtin/branch.c:832
+#: builtin/branch.c:838 builtin/commit.c:1368 builtin/commit.c:1369
+#: builtin/commit.c:1370 builtin/commit.c:1371 builtin/tag.c:468
+msgid "commit"
+msgstr "incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:806 builtin/branch.c:812
+msgid "print only branches that contain the commit"
+msgstr "visa endast grenar som innehåller incheckningen"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:818
+msgid "Specific git-branch actions:"
+msgstr "Specifika git-branch-åtgärder:"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:819
+msgid "list both remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr "visa både fjärrspårande och lokala grenar"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:821
+msgid "delete fully merged branch"
+msgstr "ta bort helt sammanslagen gren"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:822
+msgid "delete branch (even if not merged)"
+msgstr "ta bort gren (även om inte helt sammanslagen)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:823
+msgid "move/rename a branch and its reflog"
+msgstr "flytta/ta bort en gren och dess reflogg"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:824
+msgid "move/rename a branch, even if target exists"
+msgstr "flytta/ta bort en gren, även om målet finns"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:825
+msgid "list branch names"
+msgstr "lista namn på grenar"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:826
+msgid "create the branch's reflog"
+msgstr "skapa grenens reflogg"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:828
+msgid "edit the description for the branch"
+msgstr "redigera beskrivning för grenen"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:829
+msgid "force creation (when already exists)"
+msgstr "tvinga skapande (när den redan finns)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:832
+msgid "print only not merged branches"
+msgstr "visa endast ej sammanslagna grenar"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:838
+msgid "print only merged branches"
+msgstr "visa endast sammanslagna grenar"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:842
+msgid "list branches in columns"
+msgstr "visa grenar i spalter"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:855
 msgid "Failed to resolve HEAD as a valid ref."
 msgstr "Misslyckades slå upp HEAD som giltig referens"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:751 builtin/clone.c:558
+#: builtin/branch.c:860 builtin/clone.c:619
 msgid "HEAD not found below refs/heads!"
 msgstr "HEAD hittades inte under refs/heads!"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:809
+#: builtin/branch.c:883
+msgid "--column and --verbose are incompatible"
+msgstr "--column och --verbose är inkompatibla"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:889 builtin/branch.c:928
+msgid "branch name required"
+msgstr "grennamn krävs"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:904
+msgid "Cannot give description to detached HEAD"
+msgstr "Kan inte beskriva frånkopplad HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:909
+msgid "cannot edit description of more than one branch"
+msgstr "kan inte redigera beskrivning för mer än en gren"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:916
+#, c-format
+msgid "No commit on branch '%s' yet."
+msgstr "Inga incheckningar på grenen \"%s\" ännu"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:919
+#, c-format
+msgid "No branch named '%s'."
+msgstr "Ingen gren vid namnet \"%s\"."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:934
+msgid "too many branches for a rename operation"
+msgstr "för många grenar för namnbyte"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:939
+msgid "too many branches to set new upstream"
+msgstr "för många grenar för att byta uppström"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:943
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"could not set upstream of HEAD to %s when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+"kunde inte sätta uppström för HEAD till %s när det inte pekar mot någon gren."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:946 builtin/branch.c:968 builtin/branch.c:990
+#, c-format
+msgid "no such branch '%s'"
+msgstr "okänd gren \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:950
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "grenen \"%s\" finns inte"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:962
+msgid "too many branches to unset upstream"
+msgstr "för många grenar för att ta bort uppström"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:966
+msgid "could not unset upstream of HEAD when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+"kunde inte ta bort uppström för HEAD när det inte pekar mot någon gren."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:972
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch '%s' has no upstream information"
+msgstr "Grenen \"%s\" har ingen uppströmsinformation"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:987
+msgid "it does not make sense to create 'HEAD' manually"
+msgstr "kan inte skapa \"HEAD\" manuellt"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:993
 msgid "-a and -r options to 'git branch' do not make sense with a branch name"
 msgstr ""
 "flaggorna -a och -r på \"git branch\" kan inte anges tillsammans med ett "
 "grennamn"
 
+#: builtin/branch.c:996
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using --"
+"track or --set-upstream-to\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Flaggan --set-upstream rekommenderas ej och kommer tas bort. Använd --track "
+"eller --set-upstream-to\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1013
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you wanted to make '%s' track '%s', do this:\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Om du vill göra så att \"%s\" spårar \"%s\" gör du så här:\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1014
+#, c-format
+msgid "    git branch -d %s\n"
+msgstr "    git branch -d %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1015
+#, c-format
+msgid "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
+msgstr "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
+
 #: builtin/bundle.c:47
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s is okay\n"
@@ -954,104 +2870,246 @@
 msgid "Need a repository to unbundle."
 msgstr "Behöver ett arkiv för att packa upp ett paket (bundle)."
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:113 builtin/checkout.c:146
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:176
+msgid "git cat-file (-t|-s|-e|-p|<type>|--textconv) <object>"
+msgstr "git cat-file (-t|-s|-e|-p|<typ>|--textconv) <objekt>"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:177
+msgid "git cat-file (--batch|--batch-check) < <list_of_objects>"
+msgstr "git cat-file (--batch|--batch-check) < <objektlista>"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:195
+msgid "<type> can be one of: blob, tree, commit, tag"
+msgstr "<typ> kan vara en av: blob, tree, commit, tag"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:196
+msgid "show object type"
+msgstr "visa objekttyp"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:197
+msgid "show object size"
+msgstr "visa objektstorlek"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:199
+msgid "exit with zero when there's no error"
+msgstr "avsluta med noll när det inte uppstått något fel"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:200
+msgid "pretty-print object's content"
+msgstr "visa objektets innehåll snyggt"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:202
+msgid "for blob objects, run textconv on object's content"
+msgstr "för blob-objekt, kör textconv på objektets innehåll"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:204
+msgid "show info and content of objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr "visa information och innehåll för objekt som listas på standard in"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:207
+msgid "show info about objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr "visa information för objekt som listas på standard in"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:11
+msgid "git check-attr [-a | --all | attr...] [--] pathname..."
+msgstr "git check-attr [-a | --all | attr...] [--] sökväg..."
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:12
+msgid "git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | attr...] < <list-of-paths>"
+msgstr "git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | attr...] < <sökvägslista>"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:19
+msgid "report all attributes set on file"
+msgstr "visa alla attribut som satts på filen"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:20
+msgid "use .gitattributes only from the index"
+msgstr "använd .gitattributes endast från indexet"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:21 builtin/check-ignore.c:22 builtin/hash-object.c:75
+msgid "read file names from stdin"
+msgstr "läs filnamn från standard in"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:23 builtin/check-ignore.c:24
+msgid "input paths are terminated by a null character"
+msgstr "sökvägar avdelas med null-tecken"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:18 builtin/checkout.c:1044 builtin/gc.c:177
+msgid "suppress progress reporting"
+msgstr "undertryck förloppsrapportering"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:146
+msgid "cannot specify pathnames with --stdin"
+msgstr "kan inte ange sökvägsnamn med --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:149
+msgid "-z only makes sense with --stdin"
+msgstr "-z kan endast användas tillsammans med --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:151
+msgid "no path specified"
+msgstr "ingen sökväg angavs"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:155
+msgid "--quiet is only valid with a single pathname"
+msgstr "--quiet kan endast användas med ett enkelt sökvägsnamn"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:157
+msgid "cannot have both --quiet and --verbose"
+msgstr "kan inte använda både --quiet och --verbose"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:126
+msgid "git checkout-index [options] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git checkout-index [flaggor] [--] [<fil>...]"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:187
+msgid "check out all files in the index"
+msgstr "checka ut alla filer i indexet"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:188
+msgid "force overwrite of existing files"
+msgstr "tvinga överskrivning av befintliga filer"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:190
+msgid "no warning for existing files and files not in index"
+msgstr "ingen varning för existerande filer och filer ej i indexet"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:192
+msgid "don't checkout new files"
+msgstr "checka inte ut nya filer"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:194
+msgid "update stat information in the index file"
+msgstr "uppdatera stat-information i indexfilen"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:200
+msgid "read list of paths from the standard input"
+msgstr "läs listan över sökvägar från standard in"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:202
+msgid "write the content to temporary files"
+msgstr "skriv innehåll till temporära filer"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:203 builtin/column.c:30
+msgid "string"
+msgstr "sträng"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:204
+msgid "when creating files, prepend <string>"
+msgstr "när filer skapas, lägg till <sträng> först"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:207
+msgid "copy out the files from named stage"
+msgstr "kopiera ut filer från namngiven etapp"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:25
+msgid "git checkout [options] <branch>"
+msgstr "git checkout [flaggor] <gren>"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:26
+msgid "git checkout [options] [<branch>] -- <file>..."
+msgstr "git checkout [flaggor] [<gren>] -- <fil>..."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:117 builtin/checkout.c:150
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have our version"
 msgstr "sökvägen \"%s\" har inte vår version"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:115 builtin/checkout.c:148
+#: builtin/checkout.c:119 builtin/checkout.c:152
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have their version"
 msgstr "sökvägen \"%s\" har inte deras version"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:131
+#: builtin/checkout.c:135
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have all necessary versions"
 msgstr "sökvägen \"%s\" innehåller inte alla nödvändiga versioner"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:175
+#: builtin/checkout.c:179
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have necessary versions"
 msgstr "sökvägen \"%s\" innehåller inte nödvändiga versioner"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:192
+#: builtin/checkout.c:196
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s': cannot merge"
 msgstr "sökväg \"%s\": kan inte slå ihop"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:209
+#: builtin/checkout.c:213
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unable to add merge result for '%s'"
 msgstr "Kunde inte lägga till sammanslagningsresultat för \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:212 builtin/reset.c:158
+#: builtin/checkout.c:237 builtin/checkout.c:240 builtin/checkout.c:243
+#: builtin/checkout.c:246
 #, c-format
-msgid "make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"
-msgstr "make_cache_entry misslyckades för sökvägen \"%s\""
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with updating paths"
+msgstr "\"%s\" kan inte användas vid uppdatering av sökvägar"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:234 builtin/checkout.c:392
+#: builtin/checkout.c:249 builtin/checkout.c:252
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with %s"
+msgstr "\"%s\" kan inte användas med %s"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:255
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time."
+msgstr "Kan inte uppdatera sökvägar och växla till grenen \"%s\" samtidigt."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:266 builtin/checkout.c:458
 msgid "corrupt index file"
 msgstr "indexfilen är trasig"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:264 builtin/checkout.c:271
+#: builtin/checkout.c:329 builtin/checkout.c:336
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' is unmerged"
 msgstr "sökvägen \"%s\" har inte slagits ihop"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:302 builtin/checkout.c:498 builtin/clone.c:583
-#: builtin/merge.c:812
-msgid "unable to write new index file"
-msgstr "kunde inte skriva ny indexfil"
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:319 builtin/diff.c:302 builtin/merge.c:408
-msgid "diff_setup_done failed"
-msgstr "diff_setup_done misslyckades"
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:414
+#: builtin/checkout.c:480
 msgid "you need to resolve your current index first"
 msgstr "du måste lösa ditt befintliga index först"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:533
+#: builtin/checkout.c:601
 #, c-format
 msgid "Can not do reflog for '%s'\n"
 msgstr "Kan inte skapa referenslog för \"%s\"\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:565
+#: builtin/checkout.c:634
 msgid "HEAD is now at"
 msgstr "HEAD är nu på"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:572
+#: builtin/checkout.c:641
 #, c-format
 msgid "Reset branch '%s'\n"
 msgstr "Återställ gren \"%s\"\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:575
+#: builtin/checkout.c:644
 #, c-format
 msgid "Already on '%s'\n"
 msgstr "Redan på \"%s\"\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:579
+#: builtin/checkout.c:648
 #, c-format
 msgid "Switched to and reset branch '%s'\n"
 msgstr "Växlade till och nollställde grenen \"%s\"\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:581
+#: builtin/checkout.c:650 builtin/checkout.c:987
 #, c-format
 msgid "Switched to a new branch '%s'\n"
 msgstr "Växlade till en ny gren \"%s\"\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:583
+#: builtin/checkout.c:652
 #, c-format
 msgid "Switched to branch '%s'\n"
 msgstr "Växlade till grenen \"%s\"\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:639
+#: builtin/checkout.c:708
 #, c-format
 msgid " ... and %d more.\n"
 msgstr " ... och %d till.\n"
 
 #. The singular version
-#: builtin/checkout.c:645
+#: builtin/checkout.c:714
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Warning: you are leaving %d commit behind, not connected to\n"
@@ -1074,7 +3132,7 @@
 "\n"
 "%s\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:663
+#: builtin/checkout.c:732
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "If you want to keep them by creating a new branch, this may be a good time\n"
@@ -1089,88 +3147,150 @@
 " git branch nytt_grennamn %s\n"
 "\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:693
+#: builtin/checkout.c:762
 msgid "internal error in revision walk"
 msgstr "internt fel vid genomgång av revisioner (revision walk)"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:697
+#: builtin/checkout.c:766
 msgid "Previous HEAD position was"
 msgstr "Tidigare position för HEAD var"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:723
+#: builtin/checkout.c:793 builtin/checkout.c:982
 msgid "You are on a branch yet to be born"
 msgstr "Du är på en gren som ännu inte är född"
 
 #. case (1)
-#: builtin/checkout.c:854
+#: builtin/checkout.c:918
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid reference: %s"
 msgstr "felaktig referens: %s"
 
 #. case (1): want a tree
-#: builtin/checkout.c:893
+#: builtin/checkout.c:957
 #, c-format
 msgid "reference is not a tree: %s"
 msgstr "referensen är inte ett träd: %s"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:973
-msgid "-B cannot be used with -b"
-msgstr "-B kan inte användas med -b"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:996
+msgid "paths cannot be used with switching branches"
+msgstr "sökvägar kan inte användas vid byte av gren"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:982
-msgid "--patch is incompatible with all other options"
-msgstr "--patch är inkompatibel med alla andra flaggor"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:999 builtin/checkout.c:1003
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with switching branches"
+msgstr "\"%s\" kan inte användas vid byte av gren"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:985
-msgid "--detach cannot be used with -b/-B/--orphan"
-msgstr "--detcah kan inte användas med -b/-B/--orphan"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1007 builtin/checkout.c:1010 builtin/checkout.c:1015
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1018
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with '%s'"
+msgstr "\"%s\" kan inte användas med \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:987
-msgid "--detach cannot be used with -t"
-msgstr "--detach kan inte användas med -t"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1023
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot switch branch to a non-commit '%s'"
+msgstr "Kan inte växla gren till icke-incheckningen \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:993
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1045 builtin/checkout.c:1047 builtin/clone.c:90
+#: builtin/remote.c:169 builtin/remote.c:171
+msgid "branch"
+msgstr "gren"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1046
+msgid "create and checkout a new branch"
+msgstr "skapa och checka ut en ny gren"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1048
+msgid "create/reset and checkout a branch"
+msgstr "skapa/nollställ och checka ut en gren"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1049
+msgid "create reflog for new branch"
+msgstr "skapa reflogg för ny gren"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1050
+msgid "detach the HEAD at named commit"
+msgstr "koppla från HEAD vid namngiven incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1051
+msgid "set upstream info for new branch"
+msgstr "sätt uppströmsinformation för ny gren"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1053
+msgid "new branch"
+msgstr "ny gren"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1053
+msgid "new unparented branch"
+msgstr "ny gren utan förälder"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1054
+msgid "checkout our version for unmerged files"
+msgstr "checka ut vår version för ej sammanslagna filer"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1056
+msgid "checkout their version for unmerged files"
+msgstr "checka ut deras version för ej sammanslagna filer"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1058
+msgid "force checkout (throw away local modifications)"
+msgstr "tvinga utcheckning (kasta bort lokala ändringar)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1059
+msgid "perform a 3-way merge with the new branch"
+msgstr "utför en 3-vägssammanslagning för den nya grenen"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1060 builtin/merge.c:217
+msgid "update ignored files (default)"
+msgstr "uppdatera ignorerade filer (standard)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1061 builtin/log.c:1158 parse-options.h:245
+msgid "style"
+msgstr "stil"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1062
+msgid "conflict style (merge or diff3)"
+msgstr "konfliktstil (merge eller diff3)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1065
+msgid "do not limit pathspecs to sparse entries only"
+msgstr "begränsa inte sökvägar till endast glesa poster"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1067
+msgid "second guess 'git checkout no-such-branch'"
+msgstr "förutspå \"git checkout gren-saknas\""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1091
+msgid "-b, -B and --orphan are mutually exclusive"
+msgstr "-b, -B och --orphan är ömsesidigt uteslutande"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1108
 msgid "--track needs a branch name"
 msgstr "--track behöver ett namn på en gren"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1000
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1115
 msgid "Missing branch name; try -b"
 msgstr "Grennamn saknas; försök med -b"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1006
-msgid "--orphan and -b|-B are mutually exclusive"
-msgstr "--orphan och -b|-B kan inte användas samtidigt"
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1008
-msgid "--orphan cannot be used with -t"
-msgstr "--orphan kan inte användas med -t"
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1018
-msgid "git checkout: -f and -m are incompatible"
-msgstr "git checkout: -f och -m är inkompatibla"
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1052
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1150
 msgid "invalid path specification"
 msgstr "felaktig sökvägsangivelse"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1060
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1157
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
-"git checkout: updating paths is incompatible with switching branches.\n"
+"Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time.\n"
 "Did you intend to checkout '%s' which can not be resolved as commit?"
 msgstr ""
-"git checkout: uppdatera sökvägar är inkompatibelt med att växla gren.\n"
-"Ville du checka ut \"%s\" som inte kan lösas som en sammanslaning?"
+"Kan inte uppdatera sökvägar och växla till grenen \"%s\" samtidigt.\n"
+"Ville du checka ut \"%s\" som inte kan lösas som en utcheckning?"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1062
-msgid "git checkout: updating paths is incompatible with switching branches."
-msgstr "git checkout: uppdatera sökvägar är inkompatibelt med att växla gren."
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1162
+#, c-format
+msgid "git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument '%s'"
+msgstr "git checkout: --detach tar inte en sökväg som argument \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1067
-msgid "git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument"
-msgstr "git checkout: --detach tar inte en sökväg som argument"
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1070
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1166
 msgid ""
 "git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge are incompatible when\n"
 "checking out of the index."
@@ -1178,26 +3298,77 @@
 "git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force och --merge är inkompatibla när\n"
 "du checkar ut från indexet."
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1089
-msgid "Cannot switch branch to a non-commit."
-msgstr "Kan inte växla gren på en icke-incheckning."
+#: builtin/clean.c:20
+msgid "git clean [-d] [-f] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr ""
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-n] [-q] [-e <mönster>] [-x | -X] [--] <sökvägar>..."
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1092
-msgid "--ours/--theirs is incompatible with switching branches."
-msgstr "--ours/--theirs är inkompatibla med att byta gren."
+#: builtin/clean.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s\n"
+msgstr "Tar bort %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:78
+#: builtin/clean.c:25
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would remove %s\n"
+msgstr "Skulle ta bort %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:26
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping repository %s\n"
+msgstr "Hoppar över arkivet %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:27
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would skip repository %s\n"
+msgstr "Skulle hoppa över arkivet %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:28
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to remove %s"
+msgstr "misslyckades ta bort %s"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:160
+msgid "do not print names of files removed"
+msgstr "skriv inte ut namn på borttagna filer"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:162
+msgid "force"
+msgstr "tvinga"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:164
+msgid "remove whole directories"
+msgstr "ta bort hela kataloger"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:165 builtin/describe.c:412 builtin/grep.c:717
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:487 builtin/name-rev.c:231 builtin/show-ref.c:182
+msgid "pattern"
+msgstr "mönster"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:166
+msgid "add <pattern> to ignore rules"
+msgstr "lägg till <mönster> till ignoreringsregler"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:167
+msgid "remove ignored files, too"
+msgstr "ta även bort ignorerade filer"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:169
+msgid "remove only ignored files"
+msgstr "ta endast bort ignorerade filer"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:187
 msgid "-x and -X cannot be used together"
 msgstr "-x och -X kan inte användas samtidigt"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:82
+#: builtin/clean.c:191
 msgid ""
 "clean.requireForce set to true and neither -n nor -f given; refusing to clean"
 msgstr ""
 "clean.requireForce satt till true, men varken -n eller -f angavs; vägrar "
 "städa"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:85
+#: builtin/clean.c:194
 msgid ""
 "clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -n nor -f given; refusing to "
 "clean"
@@ -1205,158 +3376,278 @@
 "clean.requireForce har standardvärdet true, men varken -n eller -f angavs; "
 "vägrar städa"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:155 builtin/clean.c:176
-#, c-format
-msgid "Would remove %s\n"
-msgstr "Skulle ta bort %s\n"
+#: builtin/clone.c:37
+msgid "git clone [options] [--] <repo> [<dir>]"
+msgstr "git clone [flaggor] [--] <arkiv> [<kat>]"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:159 builtin/clean.c:179
-#, c-format
-msgid "Removing %s\n"
-msgstr "Tar bort %s\n"
+#: builtin/clone.c:65 builtin/fetch.c:82 builtin/merge.c:214
+#: builtin/push.c:436
+msgid "force progress reporting"
+msgstr "tvinga förloppsrapportering"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:162 builtin/clean.c:182
-#, c-format
-msgid "failed to remove %s"
-msgstr "misslyckades ta bort %s"
+#: builtin/clone.c:67
+msgid "don't create a checkout"
+msgstr "skapa inte någon utcheckning"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:166
-#, c-format
-msgid "Would not remove %s\n"
-msgstr "Skulle inte ta bort %s\n"
+#: builtin/clone.c:68 builtin/clone.c:70 builtin/init-db.c:488
+msgid "create a bare repository"
+msgstr "skapa ett naket (\"bare\") arkiv"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:168
-#, c-format
-msgid "Not removing %s\n"
-msgstr "Tar inte bort %s\n"
+#: builtin/clone.c:73
+msgid "create a mirror repository (implies bare)"
+msgstr "skapa ett spegelarkiv (implicerar \"bare\")"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:243
-#, c-format
-msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local directory."
-msgstr "referensarkivet \"%s\" är inte en lokal katalog."
+#: builtin/clone.c:75
+msgid "to clone from a local repository"
+msgstr "för att klona från ett lokalt arkiv"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:302
-#, c-format
-msgid "failed to open '%s'"
-msgstr "misslyckades öppna \"%s\""
+#: builtin/clone.c:77
+msgid "don't use local hardlinks, always copy"
+msgstr "skapa inte lokala hårda länkar, kopiera alltid"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:306
+#: builtin/clone.c:79
+msgid "setup as shared repository"
+msgstr "skapa som ett delat arkiv"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:81 builtin/clone.c:83
+msgid "initialize submodules in the clone"
+msgstr "initiera undermoduler i klonen"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:84 builtin/init-db.c:485
+msgid "template-directory"
+msgstr "mallkatalog"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:85 builtin/init-db.c:486
+msgid "directory from which templates will be used"
+msgstr "katalog att använda mallar från"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:87
+msgid "reference repository"
+msgstr "referensarkiv"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:88 builtin/column.c:26 builtin/merge-file.c:44
+msgid "name"
+msgstr "namn"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:89
+msgid "use <name> instead of 'origin' to track upstream"
+msgstr "använd <namn> istället för \"origin\" för att spåra uppströms"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:91
+msgid "checkout <branch> instead of the remote's HEAD"
+msgstr "checka ut <gren> istället för fjärrens HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:93
+msgid "path to git-upload-pack on the remote"
+msgstr "sökväg till git-upload-pack på fjärren"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:94 builtin/fetch.c:83 builtin/grep.c:662
+msgid "depth"
+msgstr "djup"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:95
+msgid "create a shallow clone of that depth"
+msgstr "skapa en grund klon på detta djup"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:97
+msgid "clone only one branch, HEAD or --branch"
+msgstr "klona endast en gren, HEAD eller --branch"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:98 builtin/init-db.c:494
+msgid "gitdir"
+msgstr "gitkat"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:99 builtin/init-db.c:495
+msgid "separate git dir from working tree"
+msgstr "separera gitkatalogen från arbetskatalogen"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:100
+msgid "key=value"
+msgstr "nyckel=värde"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:101
+msgid "set config inside the new repository"
+msgstr "ställ in konfiguration i det nya arkivet"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:254
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local repository."
+msgstr "referensarkivet \"%s\" är inte ett lokalt arkiv."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:317
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to create directory '%s'"
 msgstr "misslyckades skapa katalogen \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:308 builtin/diff.c:75
+#: builtin/clone.c:319 builtin/diff.c:77
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to stat '%s'"
 msgstr "misslyckades ta status på \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:310
+#: builtin/clone.c:321
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s exists and is not a directory"
 msgstr "%s finns och är ingen katalog"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:324
+#: builtin/clone.c:335
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to stat %s\n"
 msgstr "misslyckades ta status på %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:341
-#, c-format
-msgid "failed to unlink '%s'"
-msgstr "misslyckades ta bort länken \"%s\""
-
-#: builtin/clone.c:346
+#: builtin/clone.c:357
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to create link '%s'"
 msgstr "misslyckades skapa länken \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:350
+#: builtin/clone.c:361
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to copy file to '%s'"
 msgstr "misslyckades kopiera filen till \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:373
+#: builtin/clone.c:384
 #, c-format
 msgid "done.\n"
 msgstr "klart.\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:440
+#: builtin/clone.c:397
+msgid ""
+"Clone succeeded, but checkout failed.\n"
+"You can inspect what was checked out with 'git status'\n"
+"and retry the checkout with 'git checkout -f HEAD'\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Klonen lyckades, men utcheckningen misslyckades.\n"
+"Du kan inspektera det som checkades ut med \"git status\"\n"
+"och försöka checka ut igen med \"git checkout -f HEAD\"\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:476
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not find remote branch %s to clone."
 msgstr "Kunde inte hitta fjärrgrenen %s för att klona."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:549
+#: builtin/clone.c:550
+msgid "remote did not send all necessary objects"
+msgstr "fjärren sände inte alla nödvändiga objekt"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:610
 msgid "remote HEAD refers to nonexistent ref, unable to checkout.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "HEAD hos fjärren pekar på en obefintlig referens, kan inte checka ut.\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:639
+#: builtin/clone.c:641
+msgid "unable to checkout working tree"
+msgstr "kunde inte checka ut arbetskatalogen"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:749
 msgid "Too many arguments."
 msgstr "För många argument."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:643
+#: builtin/clone.c:753
 msgid "You must specify a repository to clone."
 msgstr "Du måste ange ett arkiv att klona."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:654
+#: builtin/clone.c:764
 #, c-format
 msgid "--bare and --origin %s options are incompatible."
 msgstr "flaggorna --bare och --origin %s är inkompatibla."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:668
+#: builtin/clone.c:767
+msgid "--bare and --separate-git-dir are incompatible."
+msgstr "flaggorna --bare och --separate-git-dir är inkompatibla."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:780
 #, c-format
 msgid "repository '%s' does not exist"
 msgstr "arkivet \"%s\" finns inte"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:673
+#: builtin/clone.c:785
 msgid "--depth is ignored in local clones; use file:// instead."
 msgstr "--depth ignoreras i lokala kloningar; använd file:// istället"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:683
+#: builtin/clone.c:795
 #, c-format
 msgid "destination path '%s' already exists and is not an empty directory."
 msgstr "destinationssökvägen \"%s\" finns redan och är inte en tom katalog."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:693
+#: builtin/clone.c:805
 #, c-format
 msgid "working tree '%s' already exists."
 msgstr "arbetsträdet \"%s\" finns redan."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:706 builtin/clone.c:720
+#: builtin/clone.c:818 builtin/clone.c:830
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create leading directories of '%s'"
 msgstr "kunde inte skapa inledande kataloger för \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:709
+#: builtin/clone.c:821
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create work tree dir '%s'."
 msgstr "kunde inte skapa arbetskatalogen \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:728
+#: builtin/clone.c:840
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cloning into bare repository '%s'...\n"
 msgstr "Klonar till ett naket arkiv \"%s\"...\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:730
+#: builtin/clone.c:842
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cloning into '%s'...\n"
 msgstr "Klonar till \"%s\"...\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:786
+#: builtin/clone.c:877
 #, c-format
 msgid "Don't know how to clone %s"
 msgstr "Vet inte hur man klonar %s"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:835
+#: builtin/clone.c:926
 #, c-format
 msgid "Remote branch %s not found in upstream %s"
 msgstr "Fjärrgrenen %s hittades inte i uppströmsarkivet %s"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:842
+#: builtin/clone.c:933
 msgid "You appear to have cloned an empty repository."
 msgstr "Du verkar ha klonat ett tomt arkiv."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:42
+#: builtin/column.c:9
+msgid "git column [options]"
+msgstr "git column [flaggor]"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:26
+msgid "lookup config vars"
+msgstr "slå upp konfigurationsvariabler"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:27 builtin/column.c:28
+msgid "layout to use"
+msgstr "utseende att använda"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:29
+msgid "Maximum width"
+msgstr "Maximal bredd"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:30
+msgid "Padding space on left border"
+msgstr "Spaltfyllnad i vänsterkanten"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:31
+msgid "Padding space on right border"
+msgstr "Spaltfyllnad i högerkanten"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:32
+msgid "Padding space between columns"
+msgstr "Spaltfyllnad mellan spalter"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:51
+msgid "--command must be the first argument"
+msgstr "--command måste vara första argument"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:34
+msgid "git commit [options] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git commit [flaggor] [--] <sökväg>..."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:39
+msgid "git status [options] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git status [flaggor] [--] <sökväg>..."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:44
 msgid ""
 "Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
 "on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
@@ -1381,7 +3672,7 @@
 "\n"
 "    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:54
+#: builtin/commit.c:56
 msgid ""
 "You asked to amend the most recent commit, but doing so would make\n"
 "it empty. You can repeat your command with --allow-empty, or you can\n"
@@ -1391,7 +3682,7 @@
 "blir den tom. Du kan köra kommandot på nytt med --allow-empty, eller\n"
 "så kan du ta bort incheckningen helt med \"git reset HEAD^\".\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:59
+#: builtin/commit.c:61
 msgid ""
 "The previous cherry-pick is now empty, possibly due to conflict resolution.\n"
 "If you wish to commit it anyway, use:\n"
@@ -1407,291 +3698,494 @@
 "\n"
 "Annars använder du \"git reset\"\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:205 builtin/reset.c:33
-msgid "merge"
-msgstr "sammanslagning"
-
-#: builtin/commit.c:208
-msgid "cherry-pick"
-msgstr "cherry-pick"
-
-#: builtin/commit.c:325
+#: builtin/commit.c:260
 msgid "failed to unpack HEAD tree object"
 msgstr "misslyckades packa upp HEAD:s trädobjekt"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:367
+#: builtin/commit.c:302
 msgid "unable to create temporary index"
 msgstr "kunde inte skapa temporär indexfil"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:373
+#: builtin/commit.c:308
 msgid "interactive add failed"
 msgstr "interaktiv tilläggning misslyckades"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:406 builtin/commit.c:427 builtin/commit.c:473
+#: builtin/commit.c:341 builtin/commit.c:362 builtin/commit.c:412
 msgid "unable to write new_index file"
 msgstr "kunde inte skriva filen new_index"
 
-# %s är antingen "merge" eller "cherry-pick".
-#: builtin/commit.c:457
-#, c-format
-msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a %s."
-msgstr "kan inte utföra en delvis incheckning under en %s"
+#: builtin/commit.c:393
+msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a merge."
+msgstr "kan inte utföra en delvis incheckning under en sammanslagning."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:466
+#: builtin/commit.c:395
+msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a cherry-pick."
+msgstr "kan inte utföra en delvis incheckning under en cherry-pick."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:405
 msgid "cannot read the index"
 msgstr "kan inte läsa indexet"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:486
+#: builtin/commit.c:425
 msgid "unable to write temporary index file"
 msgstr "kunde inte skriva temporär indexfil"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:561 builtin/commit.c:567
+#: builtin/commit.c:513 builtin/commit.c:519
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid commit: %s"
 msgstr "felaktig incheckning: %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:590
+#: builtin/commit.c:542
 msgid "malformed --author parameter"
 msgstr "felformad \"--author\"-flagga"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:651
+#: builtin/commit.c:562
 #, c-format
 msgid "Malformed ident string: '%s'"
 msgstr "Felaktig indragningssträng: \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:689 builtin/commit.c:722 builtin/commit.c:1033
+#: builtin/commit.c:600 builtin/commit.c:633 builtin/commit.c:956
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not lookup commit %s"
 msgstr "kunde inte slå upp incheckningen %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:701 builtin/shortlog.c:296
+#: builtin/commit.c:612 builtin/shortlog.c:270
 #, c-format
 msgid "(reading log message from standard input)\n"
 msgstr "(läser loggmeddelande från standard in)\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:703
+#: builtin/commit.c:614
 msgid "could not read log from standard input"
 msgstr "kunde inte läsa logg från standard in"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:707
+#: builtin/commit.c:618
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not read log file '%s'"
 msgstr "kunde inte läsa loggfilen \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:713
+#: builtin/commit.c:624
 msgid "commit has empty message"
 msgstr "incheckningen har ett tomt meddelande"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:729
+#: builtin/commit.c:640
 msgid "could not read MERGE_MSG"
 msgstr "kunde inte läsa MERGE_MSG"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:733
+#: builtin/commit.c:644
 msgid "could not read SQUASH_MSG"
 msgstr "kunde inte läsa SQUASH_MSG"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:737
+#: builtin/commit.c:648
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not read '%s'"
 msgstr "kunde inte läsa \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:765
-#, c-format
-msgid "could not open '%s'"
-msgstr "kunde inte öppna \"%s\""
-
-#: builtin/commit.c:789
+#: builtin/commit.c:709
 msgid "could not write commit template"
 msgstr "kunde inte skriva incheckningsmall"
 
-# %s är "merge" eller "cherry-pick"
-#: builtin/commit.c:799
+#: builtin/commit.c:720
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
-"It looks like you may be committing a %s.\n"
+"It looks like you may be committing a merge.\n"
 "If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
 "\t%s\n"
 "and try again.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "\n"
-"Det verkar som du checkar in en %s.\n"
+"Det verkar som du checkar in en sammanslagning.\n"
 "Om det inte stämmer tar du bort filen\n"
 "\t%s\n"
 "och försöker igen.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:812
-msgid "Please enter the commit message for your changes."
-msgstr "Ange ett incheckningsmeddelande för dina ändringar."
-
-#: builtin/commit.c:815
+#: builtin/commit.c:725
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
-" Lines starting\n"
-"with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+"\n"
+"It looks like you may be committing a cherry-pick.\n"
+"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"and try again.\n"
 msgstr ""
-" Rader som inleds\n"
-"med \"#\" kommer ignoreras, och ett tomt meddelande avbryter incheckningen.\n"
+"\n"
+"Det verkar som du checkar in en cherry-pick.\n"
+"Om det inte stämmer tar du bort filen\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"och försöker igen.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:820
+#: builtin/commit.c:737
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
-" Lines starting\n"
-"with '#' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
+"Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
+"with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Ange incheckningsmeddelandet för dina ändringar. Rader som inleds\n"
+"med \"%c\" kommer ignoreras, och ett tomt meddelande avbryter "
+"incheckningen.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:742
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
+"with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
 "An empty message aborts the commit.\n"
 msgstr ""
-" Rader som inleds\n"
-"med \"#\" kommer behållas; du kan själv ta bort dem om du vill.\n"
+"Ange incheckningsmeddelandet för dina ändringar. Rader som inleds\n"
+"med \"%c\" kommer behållas; du kan själv ta bort dem om du vill.\n"
 "Ett tomt meddelande avbryter incheckningen.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:832
+#: builtin/commit.c:755
 #, c-format
 msgid "%sAuthor:    %s"
 msgstr "%sFörfattare: %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:839
+#: builtin/commit.c:762
 #, c-format
 msgid "%sCommitter: %s"
 msgstr "%sIncheckare: %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:859
+#: builtin/commit.c:782
 msgid "Cannot read index"
 msgstr "Kan inte läsa indexet"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:896
+#: builtin/commit.c:819
 msgid "Error building trees"
 msgstr "Fel vid byggande av träd"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:911 builtin/tag.c:357
+#: builtin/commit.c:834 builtin/tag.c:359
 #, c-format
 msgid "Please supply the message using either -m or -F option.\n"
 msgstr "Ange meddelandet en av flaggorna -m eller -F.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1008
+#: builtin/commit.c:931
 #, c-format
 msgid "No existing author found with '%s'"
 msgstr "Hittade ingen befintlig författare med \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1023 builtin/commit.c:1217
+#: builtin/commit.c:946 builtin/commit.c:1140
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid untracked files mode '%s'"
 msgstr "Ogiltigt läge för ospårade filer: \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1063
+#: builtin/commit.c:976
 msgid "Using both --reset-author and --author does not make sense"
 msgstr "Kan inte använda både --reset-author och --author"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1074
+#: builtin/commit.c:987
 msgid "You have nothing to amend."
 msgstr "Du har inget att utöka."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1076
-#, c-format
-msgid "You are in the middle of a %s -- cannot amend."
-msgstr "Du är i mitten av en %s -- kan inte utöka."
+#: builtin/commit.c:990
+msgid "You are in the middle of a merge -- cannot amend."
+msgstr "Du är i mitten av en sammanslagning -- kan inte utöka."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1078
+#: builtin/commit.c:992
+msgid "You are in the middle of a cherry-pick -- cannot amend."
+msgstr "Du är i mitten av en cherry-pick -- kan inte utöka."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:995
 msgid "Options --squash and --fixup cannot be used together"
 msgstr "Flaggorna --squash och --fixup kan inte användas samtidigt"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1088
+#: builtin/commit.c:1005
 msgid "Only one of -c/-C/-F/--fixup can be used."
 msgstr "Endast en av -c/-C/-F/--fixup kan användas."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1090
+#: builtin/commit.c:1007
 msgid "Option -m cannot be combined with -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
 msgstr "Flaggan -m kan inte kombineras med -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1098
+#: builtin/commit.c:1015
 msgid "--reset-author can be used only with -C, -c or --amend."
 msgstr "--reset-author kan endast användas med -C, -c eller --amend."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1115
+#: builtin/commit.c:1032
 msgid "Only one of --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch can be used."
 msgstr ""
 "Endast en av --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch kan användas."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1117
+#: builtin/commit.c:1034
 msgid "No paths with --include/--only does not make sense."
 msgstr "Du måste ange sökvägar tillsammans med --include/--only."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1119
+#: builtin/commit.c:1036
 msgid "Clever... amending the last one with dirty index."
 msgstr "Smart... utöka den senaste med smutsigt index."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1121
+#: builtin/commit.c:1038
 msgid "Explicit paths specified without -i nor -o; assuming --only paths..."
 msgstr "Explicita sökvägar angavs utan -i eller -o; antar --only sökvägar..."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1131 builtin/tag.c:556
+#: builtin/commit.c:1048 builtin/tag.c:575
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid cleanup mode %s"
 msgstr "Felaktigt städningsläge %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1136
+#: builtin/commit.c:1053
 msgid "Paths with -a does not make sense."
 msgstr "Kan inte ange sökvägar med -a."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1315
+#: builtin/commit.c:1059 builtin/commit.c:1194
+msgid "--long and -z are incompatible"
+msgstr "--long och -z är inkompatibla"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1154 builtin/commit.c:1390
+msgid "show status concisely"
+msgstr "vis koncis status"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1156 builtin/commit.c:1392
+msgid "show branch information"
+msgstr "visa information om gren"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1158 builtin/commit.c:1394 builtin/push.c:426
+msgid "machine-readable output"
+msgstr "maskinläsbar utdata"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1161 builtin/commit.c:1396
+msgid "show status in long format (default)"
+msgstr "visa status i långt format (standard)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1164 builtin/commit.c:1399
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL"
+msgstr "terminera poster med NUL"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1166 builtin/commit.c:1402 builtin/fast-export.c:659
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:662 builtin/tag.c:459
+msgid "mode"
+msgstr "läge"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1167 builtin/commit.c:1402
+msgid "show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)"
+msgstr "visa ospårade filer, valfria lägen: alla, normal, no. (Standard: all)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1170
+msgid "show ignored files"
+msgstr "visa ignorerade filer"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1171 parse-options.h:151
+msgid "when"
+msgstr "när"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1172
+msgid ""
+"ignore changes to submodules, optional when: all, dirty, untracked. "
+"(Default: all)"
+msgstr ""
+"ignorera ändringar i undermoduler, valfritt när: all, dirty, untracked. "
+"(Default: all)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1174
+msgid "list untracked files in columns"
+msgstr "visa ospårade filer i spalter"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1248
 msgid "couldn't look up newly created commit"
 msgstr "kunde inte slå upp en precis skapad incheckning"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1317
+#: builtin/commit.c:1250
 msgid "could not parse newly created commit"
 msgstr "kunde inte tolka en precis skapad incheckning"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1358
+#: builtin/commit.c:1291
 msgid "detached HEAD"
 msgstr "frånkopplad HEAD"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1360
+#: builtin/commit.c:1293
 msgid " (root-commit)"
 msgstr " (rotincheckning)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1450
+#: builtin/commit.c:1360
+msgid "suppress summary after successful commit"
+msgstr "undertryck sammanfattning efter framgångsrik incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1361
+msgid "show diff in commit message template"
+msgstr "visa diff i mallen för incheckningsmeddelandet"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1363
+msgid "Commit message options"
+msgstr "Alternativ för incheckningsmeddelande"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1364 builtin/tag.c:457
+msgid "read message from file"
+msgstr "läs meddelande från fil"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1365
+msgid "author"
+msgstr "författare"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1365
+msgid "override author for commit"
+msgstr "överstyr författare för incheckningen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1366 builtin/gc.c:178
+msgid "date"
+msgstr "datum"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1366
+msgid "override date for commit"
+msgstr "överstyr datum för inchecknignen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1367 builtin/merge.c:208 builtin/notes.c:533
+#: builtin/notes.c:690 builtin/tag.c:455
+msgid "message"
+msgstr "meddelande"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1367
+msgid "commit message"
+msgstr "incheckningsmeddelande"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1368
+msgid "reuse and edit message from specified commit"
+msgstr "återanvänd och redigera meddelande från angiven incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1369
+msgid "reuse message from specified commit"
+msgstr "återanvänd meddelande från angiven incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1370
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to fixup specified commit"
+msgstr ""
+"använd autosquash-formaterat meddelande för att fixa angiven incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1371
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to squash specified commit"
+msgstr ""
+"använd autosquash-formaterat meddelande för att slå ihop med angiven "
+"incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1372
+msgid "the commit is authored by me now (used with -C/-c/--amend)"
+msgstr "jag är nu författare av incheckningen (används med -C/-c/--amend)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1373 builtin/log.c:1113 builtin/revert.c:109
+msgid "add Signed-off-by:"
+msgstr "lägg till Signed-off-by:"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1374
+msgid "use specified template file"
+msgstr "använd angiven mallfil"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1375
+msgid "force edit of commit"
+msgstr "tvinga redigering av incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1376
+msgid "default"
+msgstr "standard"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1376 builtin/tag.c:460
+msgid "how to strip spaces and #comments from message"
+msgstr "hur blanksteg och #kommentarer skall tas bort från meddelande"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1377
+msgid "include status in commit message template"
+msgstr "inkludera status i mallen för incheckningsmeddelandet"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1378 builtin/merge.c:215 builtin/tag.c:461
+msgid "key id"
+msgstr "nyckel-id"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1379 builtin/merge.c:216
+msgid "GPG sign commit"
+msgstr "GPG-signera incheckning"
+
+#. end commit message options
+#: builtin/commit.c:1382
+msgid "Commit contents options"
+msgstr "Alternativ för incheckningens innehåll"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1383
+msgid "commit all changed files"
+msgstr "checka in alla ändrade filer"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1384
+msgid "add specified files to index for commit"
+msgstr "lägg till angivna filer till indexet för incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1385
+msgid "interactively add files"
+msgstr "lägg till filer interaktivt"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1386
+msgid "interactively add changes"
+msgstr "lägg till ändringar interaktivt"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1387
+msgid "commit only specified files"
+msgstr "checka endast in angivna filer"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1388
+msgid "bypass pre-commit hook"
+msgstr "förbigå pre-commit-krok"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1389
+msgid "show what would be committed"
+msgstr "visa vad som skulle checkas in"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1400
+msgid "amend previous commit"
+msgstr "lägg till föregående incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1401
+msgid "bypass post-rewrite hook"
+msgstr "förbigå post-rewrite-krok"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1406
+msgid "ok to record an empty change"
+msgstr "ok att registrera en tom ändring"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1409
+msgid "ok to record a change with an empty message"
+msgstr "ok att registrera en ändring med tomt meddelande"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1441
 msgid "could not parse HEAD commit"
 msgstr "kunde inte tolka HEAD:s incheckning"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1487 builtin/merge.c:509
+#: builtin/commit.c:1479 builtin/merge.c:510
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not open '%s' for reading"
 msgstr "kunde inte öppna \"%s\" för läsning"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1494
+#: builtin/commit.c:1486
 #, c-format
 msgid "Corrupt MERGE_HEAD file (%s)"
 msgstr "Trasig MERGE_HEAD-fil (%s)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1501
+#: builtin/commit.c:1493
 msgid "could not read MERGE_MODE"
 msgstr "kunde inte läsa MERGE_MODE"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1520
+#: builtin/commit.c:1512
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not read commit message: %s"
 msgstr "kunde inte läsa incheckningsmeddelande: %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1534
+#: builtin/commit.c:1526
 #, c-format
 msgid "Aborting commit; you did not edit the message.\n"
 msgstr "Avbryter incheckning; meddelandet inte redigerat.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1539
+#: builtin/commit.c:1531
 #, c-format
 msgid "Aborting commit due to empty commit message.\n"
 msgstr "Avbryter på grund av tomt incheckningsmeddelande.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1554 builtin/merge.c:936 builtin/merge.c:961
+#: builtin/commit.c:1546 builtin/merge.c:847 builtin/merge.c:872
 msgid "failed to write commit object"
 msgstr "kunde inte skriva incheckningsobjekt"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1575
+#: builtin/commit.c:1567
 msgid "cannot lock HEAD ref"
 msgstr "kunde inte låsa HEAD-referens"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1579
+#: builtin/commit.c:1571
 msgid "cannot update HEAD ref"
 msgstr "kunde inte uppdatera HEAD-referens"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1590
+#: builtin/commit.c:1582
 msgid ""
 "Repository has been updated, but unable to write\n"
 "new_index file. Check that disk is not full or quota is\n"
@@ -1702,47 +4196,179 @@
 "att kvoten inte har överskridits, och kör sedan\n"
 "\"git reset HEAD\" för att återställa."
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:234
+#: builtin/config.c:7
+msgid "git config [options]"
+msgstr "git config [flaggor]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:51
+msgid "Config file location"
+msgstr "Konfigurationsfilens plats"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:52
+msgid "use global config file"
+msgstr "använd global konfigurationsfil"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:53
+msgid "use system config file"
+msgstr "använd systemets konfigurationsfil"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:54
+msgid "use repository config file"
+msgstr "använd arkivets konfigurationsfil"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:55
+msgid "use given config file"
+msgstr "använd angiven konfigurationsil"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:56
+msgid "Action"
+msgstr "Åtgärd"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:57
+msgid "get value: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "hämta värde: namn [värde-reguttr]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:58
+msgid "get all values: key [value-regex]"
+msgstr "hämta alla värden: nyckel [värde-reguttr]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:59
+msgid "get values for regexp: name-regex [value-regex]"
+msgstr "hämta värden för reguttr: namn-reguttr [värde-reguttr]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:60
+msgid "replace all matching variables: name value [value_regex]"
+msgstr "ersätt alla motsvarande variabler: namn värde [värde-reguttr]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:61
+msgid "add a new variable: name value"
+msgstr "lägg till en ny variabel: namn värde"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:62
+msgid "remove a variable: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "ta bort en variabel: namn [värde-reguttr]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:63
+msgid "remove all matches: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "ta bort alla träffar: namn [värde-reguttr]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:64
+msgid "rename section: old-name new-name"
+msgstr "byt namn på sektion: gammalt-namn nytt-namn"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:65
+msgid "remove a section: name"
+msgstr "ta bort en sektion: namn"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:66
+msgid "list all"
+msgstr "visa alla"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:67
+msgid "open an editor"
+msgstr "öppna textredigeringsprogram"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:68 builtin/config.c:69
+msgid "slot"
+msgstr "plats"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:68
+msgid "find the color configured: [default]"
+msgstr "hitta den inställda färgen: [default]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:69
+msgid "find the color setting: [stdout-is-tty]"
+msgstr "hitta färginställningen: [stdout-is-tty]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:70
+msgid "Type"
+msgstr "Typ"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:71
+msgid "value is \"true\" or \"false\""
+msgstr "värdet är \"true\" eller \"false\""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:72
+msgid "value is decimal number"
+msgstr "värdet är ett decimalt tal"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:73
+msgid "value is --bool or --int"
+msgstr "värdet är --bool eller --int"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:74
+msgid "value is a path (file or directory name)"
+msgstr "värdet är en sökväg (fil- eller katalognamn)"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:75
+msgid "Other"
+msgstr "Andra"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:76
+msgid "terminate values with NUL byte"
+msgstr "terminera värden med NUL-byte"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:77
+msgid "respect include directives on lookup"
+msgstr "respektera inkluderingsdirektiv vid uppslag"
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:82
+msgid "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+msgstr "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:97
+msgid "print sizes in human readable format"
+msgstr "skriv storlekar i människoläsbart format"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:15
+msgid "git describe [options] <committish>*"
+msgstr "git describe [flaggor] <incheckning-igt>*"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:16
+msgid "git describe [options] --dirty"
+msgstr "git describe [flaggor] --dirty"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:233
 #, c-format
 msgid "annotated tag %s not available"
 msgstr "den annoterade taggen %s inte tillgänglig"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:238
+#: builtin/describe.c:237
 #, c-format
 msgid "annotated tag %s has no embedded name"
 msgstr "den annoterade taggen %s har inget inbäddat namn"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:240
+#: builtin/describe.c:239
 #, c-format
 msgid "tag '%s' is really '%s' here"
 msgstr "taggen \"%s\" är i verkligheten \"%s\" här"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:267
+#: builtin/describe.c:266
 #, c-format
 msgid "Not a valid object name %s"
 msgstr "Objektnamnet är inte giltigt: %s"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:270
+#: builtin/describe.c:269
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s is not a valid '%s' object"
 msgstr "%s är inte ett giltigt \"%s\"-objekt"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:287
+#: builtin/describe.c:286
 #, c-format
 msgid "no tag exactly matches '%s'"
 msgstr "ingen tagg motsvarar \"%s\" exakt"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:289
+#: builtin/describe.c:288
 #, c-format
 msgid "searching to describe %s\n"
 msgstr "söker för att beskriva %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:329
+#: builtin/describe.c:328
 #, c-format
 msgid "finished search at %s\n"
 msgstr "avslutade sökning på %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:353
+#: builtin/describe.c:352
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "No annotated tags can describe '%s'.\n"
@@ -1751,7 +4377,7 @@
 "Inga annoterade taggar kan beskriva \"%s\".\n"
 "Det finns dock oannoterade taggar: testa --tags."
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:357
+#: builtin/describe.c:356
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "No tags can describe '%s'.\n"
@@ -1760,12 +4386,12 @@
 "Inga taggar kan beskriva \"%s\".\n"
 "Testa --always, eller skapa några taggar."
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:378
+#: builtin/describe.c:377
 #, c-format
 msgid "traversed %lu commits\n"
 msgstr "traverserade %lu incheckningar\n"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:381
+#: builtin/describe.c:380
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "more than %i tags found; listed %i most recent\n"
@@ -1774,122 +4400,290 @@
 "mer än %i taggar hittades; listar de %i senaste\n"
 "gav upp sökningen vid %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:436
+#: builtin/describe.c:402
+msgid "find the tag that comes after the commit"
+msgstr "hitta taggen som kommer efter incheckningen"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:403
+msgid "debug search strategy on stderr"
+msgstr "felsök sökstrategin på standard fel"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:404
+msgid "use any ref"
+msgstr "använd alla referenser"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:405
+msgid "use any tag, even unannotated"
+msgstr "använd alla taggar, även oannoterade"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:406
+msgid "always use long format"
+msgstr "använd alltid långt format"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:409
+msgid "only output exact matches"
+msgstr "skriv endast ut exakta träffar"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:411
+msgid "consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)"
+msgstr "överväg de <n> nyaste taggarna (standard: 10)"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:413
+msgid "only consider tags matching <pattern>"
+msgstr "överväg endast taggar som motsvarar <mönster>"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:415 builtin/name-rev.c:238
+msgid "show abbreviated commit object as fallback"
+msgstr "visa förkortade incheckningsobjekt som standard"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:416
+msgid "mark"
+msgstr "märke"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:417
+msgid "append <mark> on dirty working tree (default: \"-dirty\")"
+msgstr "lägg till <märke> på lortigt arbetsträd (standard: \"-dirty\")"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:435
 msgid "--long is incompatible with --abbrev=0"
 msgstr "--long är inkompatibel med --abbrev=0"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:462
+#: builtin/describe.c:461
 msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
 msgstr "Inga namn hittades, kan inte beskriva något."
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:482
+#: builtin/describe.c:481
 msgid "--dirty is incompatible with committishes"
 msgstr "--dirty är inkompatibelt med \"committish\"-värden"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:77
+#: builtin/diff.c:79
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': not a regular file or symlink"
 msgstr "\"%s\": inte en normal fil eller symbolisk länk"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:220
+#: builtin/diff.c:228
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid option: %s"
 msgstr "ogiltig flagga: %s"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:297
+#: builtin/diff.c:305
 msgid "Not a git repository"
 msgstr "Inte ett git-arkiv"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:347
+#: builtin/diff.c:348
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid object '%s' given."
 msgstr "objektet \"%s\" som angavs är felaktigt."
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:352
+#: builtin/diff.c:353
 #, c-format
 msgid "more than %d trees given: '%s'"
 msgstr "mer än %d träd angavs: \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:362
+#: builtin/diff.c:363
 #, c-format
 msgid "more than two blobs given: '%s'"
 msgstr "mer än två blobbar angavs: \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:370
+#: builtin/diff.c:371
 #, c-format
 msgid "unhandled object '%s' given."
 msgstr "ej hanterat objekt \"%s\" angavs."
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:200
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:22
+msgid "git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"
+msgstr "git fast-export [rev-list-flaggor]"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:658
+msgid "show progress after <n> objects"
+msgstr "visa förlopp efter <n> objekt"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:660
+msgid "select handling of signed tags"
+msgstr "välj hantering av signerade taggar"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:663
+msgid "select handling of tags that tag filtered objects"
+msgstr "välj hantering av taggar som har taggfiltrerade objekt"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:666
+msgid "Dump marks to this file"
+msgstr "Dump märken till filen"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:668
+msgid "Import marks from this file"
+msgstr "Importera märken från filen"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:670
+msgid "Fake a tagger when tags lack one"
+msgstr "Fejka taggare när taggen saknar en"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:672
+msgid "Output full tree for each commit"
+msgstr "Skriv ut hela trädet för varje incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:674
+msgid "Use the done feature to terminate the stream"
+msgstr "Använd done-funktionen för att avsluta strömmen"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:675
+msgid "Skip output of blob data"
+msgstr "Hoppa över skrivning av blob-data"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:20
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git fetch [<flaggor>] [<arkiv> [<refspec>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:21
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] <group>"
+msgstr "git fetch [<flaggor>] <grupp>"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:22
+msgid "git fetch --multiple [<options>] [(<repository> | <group>)...]"
+msgstr "git fetch --multiple [<flaggor>] [(<arkiv> | <grupp>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:23
+msgid "git fetch --all [<options>]"
+msgstr "git fetch --all [<flaggor>]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:60
+msgid "fetch from all remotes"
+msgstr "hämta från alla fjärrar"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:62
+msgid "append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting"
+msgstr "lägg till i .git/FETCH_HEAD istället för att skriva över"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:64
+msgid "path to upload pack on remote end"
+msgstr "sökväg till upload pack på fjärren"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:65
+msgid "force overwrite of local branch"
+msgstr "tvinga överskrivning av lokal gren"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:67
+msgid "fetch from multiple remotes"
+msgstr "hämta från flera fjärrar"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:69
+msgid "fetch all tags and associated objects"
+msgstr "hämta alla taggar och associerade objekt"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:71
+msgid "do not fetch all tags (--no-tags)"
+msgstr "hämta inte alla taggar (--no-tags)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:73
+msgid "prune remote-tracking branches no longer on remote"
+msgstr "rensa fjärrspårande grenar ej längre på fjärren"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:74
+msgid "on-demand"
+msgstr "on-demand"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:75
+msgid "control recursive fetching of submodules"
+msgstr "styr rekursiv hämtning av undermoduler"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:79
+msgid "keep downloaded pack"
+msgstr "behåll hämtade paket"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:81
+msgid "allow updating of HEAD ref"
+msgstr "tillåt uppdatering av HEAD-referens"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:84
+msgid "deepen history of shallow clone"
+msgstr "fördjupa historik för grund klon"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:86
+msgid "convert to a complete repository"
+msgstr "konvertera till komplett arkiv"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:88 builtin/log.c:1130
+msgid "dir"
+msgstr "kat"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:89
+msgid "prepend this to submodule path output"
+msgstr "lägg till i början av undermodulens sökvägsutdata"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:92
+msgid "default mode for recursion"
+msgstr "standardläge för rekursion"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:204
 msgid "Couldn't find remote ref HEAD"
 msgstr "Kunde inte hitta fjärr-referensen HEAD"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:253
+#: builtin/fetch.c:257
 #, c-format
 msgid "object %s not found"
 msgstr "objektet %s hittades inte"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:259
+#: builtin/fetch.c:262
 msgid "[up to date]"
 msgstr "[àjour]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:273
+#: builtin/fetch.c:276
 #, c-format
 msgid "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (can't fetch in current branch)"
 msgstr "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (kan inte hämta i aktuell gren)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:274 builtin/fetch.c:360
+#: builtin/fetch.c:277 builtin/fetch.c:363
 msgid "[rejected]"
 msgstr "[refuserad]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:285
+#: builtin/fetch.c:288
 msgid "[tag update]"
 msgstr "[uppdaterad tagg]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:287 builtin/fetch.c:322 builtin/fetch.c:340
+#: builtin/fetch.c:290 builtin/fetch.c:325 builtin/fetch.c:343
 msgid "  (unable to update local ref)"
 msgstr "  (kunde inte uppdatera lokal ref)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:305
+#: builtin/fetch.c:308
 msgid "[new tag]"
 msgstr "[ny tagg]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:308
+#: builtin/fetch.c:311
 msgid "[new branch]"
 msgstr "[ny gren]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:311
+#: builtin/fetch.c:314
 msgid "[new ref]"
 msgstr "[ny ref]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:356
+#: builtin/fetch.c:359
 msgid "unable to update local ref"
 msgstr "kunde inte uppdatera lokal ref"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:356
+#: builtin/fetch.c:359
 msgid "forced update"
 msgstr "tvingad uppdatering"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:362
+#: builtin/fetch.c:365
 msgid "(non-fast-forward)"
 msgstr "(ej snabbspolad)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:393 builtin/fetch.c:685
+#: builtin/fetch.c:396 builtin/fetch.c:688
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open %s: %s\n"
 msgstr "kan inte öppna %s: %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:402
+#: builtin/fetch.c:405
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s did not send all necessary objects\n"
 msgstr "%s sände inte alla nödvändiga objekt\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:488
+#: builtin/fetch.c:491
 #, c-format
 msgid "From %.*s\n"
 msgstr "Från %.*s\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:499
+#: builtin/fetch.c:502
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "some local refs could not be updated; try running\n"
@@ -1898,55 +4692,55 @@
 "vissa lokala referenser kunde inte uppdateras; testa att köra\n"
 " \"git remote prune %s\" för att ta bort gamla grenar som står i konflikt"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:549
+#: builtin/fetch.c:552
 #, c-format
-msgid "   (%s will become dangling)\n"
-msgstr "   (%s kommer bli dinglande)\n"
+msgid "   (%s will become dangling)"
+msgstr "   (%s kommer bli dinglande)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:550
+#: builtin/fetch.c:553
 #, c-format
-msgid "   (%s has become dangling)\n"
-msgstr "   (%s har blivit dinglande)\n"
+msgid "   (%s has become dangling)"
+msgstr "   (%s har blivit dinglande)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:557
+#: builtin/fetch.c:560
 msgid "[deleted]"
 msgstr "[borttagen]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:558
+#: builtin/fetch.c:561 builtin/remote.c:1055
 msgid "(none)"
 msgstr "(ingen)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:675
+#: builtin/fetch.c:678
 #, c-format
 msgid "Refusing to fetch into current branch %s of non-bare repository"
 msgstr "Vägrar hämta till aktuell gren %s i ett icke-naket arkiv"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:709
+#: builtin/fetch.c:712
 #, c-format
 msgid "Don't know how to fetch from %s"
 msgstr "Vet inte hur man hämtar från %s"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:786
+#: builtin/fetch.c:789
 #, c-format
 msgid "Option \"%s\" value \"%s\" is not valid for %s"
 msgstr "Flaggan \"%s\" och värdet \"%s\" är inte giltigt för %s"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:789
+#: builtin/fetch.c:792
 #, c-format
 msgid "Option \"%s\" is ignored for %s\n"
 msgstr "Flaggan \"%s\" ignoreras för %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:888
+#: builtin/fetch.c:894
 #, c-format
 msgid "Fetching %s\n"
 msgstr "Hämtar %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:890
+#: builtin/fetch.c:896 builtin/remote.c:100
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not fetch %s"
 msgstr "Kunde inte hämta %s"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:907
+#: builtin/fetch.c:915
 msgid ""
 "No remote repository specified.  Please, specify either a URL or a\n"
 "remote name from which new revisions should be fetched."
@@ -1954,27 +4748,154 @@
 "Inget fjärrarkiv angavs. Ange antingen en URL eller namnet på ett\n"
 "fjärrarkiv som nya incheckningar skall hämtas från."
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:927
+#: builtin/fetch.c:935
 msgid "You need to specify a tag name."
 msgstr "Du måste ange namnet på en tagg."
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:979
+#: builtin/fetch.c:981
+msgid "--depth and --unshallow cannot be used together"
+msgstr "--depth och --unshallow kan inte användas samtidigt"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:983
+msgid "--unshallow on a complete repository does not make sense"
+msgstr "--unshallow kan inte användas på ett komplett arkiv"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1002
 msgid "fetch --all does not take a repository argument"
 msgstr "fetch --all tar inte namnet på ett arkiv som argument"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:981
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1004
 msgid "fetch --all does not make sense with refspecs"
 msgstr "fetch --all kan inte anges med referensspecifikationer"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:992
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1015
 #, c-format
 msgid "No such remote or remote group: %s"
 msgstr "Fjärren eller fjärrgruppen finns inte: %s"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:1000
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1023
 msgid "Fetching a group and specifying refspecs does not make sense"
 msgstr "Kan inte hämta från grupp och ange referensspecifikationer"
 
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:13
+msgid "git fmt-merge-msg [-m <message>] [--log[=<n>]|--no-log] [--file <file>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git fmt-merge-msg [-m <meddelande>] [--log[=<n>]|--no-log] [--file <fil>]"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:663 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:666 builtin/grep.c:701
+#: builtin/merge.c:188 builtin/show-branch.c:655 builtin/show-ref.c:175
+#: builtin/tag.c:446 parse-options.h:133 parse-options.h:239
+msgid "n"
+msgstr "n"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:664
+msgid "populate log with at most <n> entries from shortlog"
+msgstr "fyll i loggen med som mest <n> poster från shortlog"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:667
+msgid "alias for --log (deprecated)"
+msgstr "alias för --log (avråds)"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:670
+msgid "text"
+msgstr "text"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:671
+msgid "use <text> as start of message"
+msgstr "inled meddelande med <text>"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:672
+msgid "file to read from"
+msgstr "fil att läsa från"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:979
+msgid "git for-each-ref [options] [<pattern>]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [flaggor] [<mönster>]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:994
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for shells"
+msgstr "citera platshållare passande för skal"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:996
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for perl"
+msgstr "citera platshållare passande för perl"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:998
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for python"
+msgstr "citera platshållare passande för python"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1000
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for tcl"
+msgstr "citera platshållare passande för tcl"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1003
+msgid "show only <n> matched refs"
+msgstr "visa endast <n> träffade refs"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1004
+msgid "format"
+msgstr "format"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1004
+msgid "format to use for the output"
+msgstr "format att använda för utdata"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1005
+msgid "key"
+msgstr "nyckel"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1006
+msgid "field name to sort on"
+msgstr "fältnamn att sortera på"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:608
+msgid "git fsck [options] [<object>...]"
+msgstr "git fsck [flaggor] [<objekt>...]"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:614
+msgid "show unreachable objects"
+msgstr "visa onåbara objekt"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:615
+msgid "show dangling objects"
+msgstr "visa dinglande objekt"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:616
+msgid "report tags"
+msgstr "rapportera taggar"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:617
+msgid "report root nodes"
+msgstr "rapportera rotnoder"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:618
+msgid "make index objects head nodes"
+msgstr "gör indexojekt till huvudnoder"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:619
+msgid "make reflogs head nodes (default)"
+msgstr "gör refloggar till huvudnoder (standard)"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:620
+msgid "also consider packs and alternate objects"
+msgstr "ta även hänsyn till paket och alternativa objekt"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:621
+msgid "enable more strict checking"
+msgstr "aktivera striktare kontroll"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:623
+msgid "write dangling objects in .git/lost-found"
+msgstr "skriv dinglande objekt i .git/lost-found"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:624 builtin/prune.c:134
+msgid "show progress"
+msgstr "visa förlopp"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:22
+msgid "git gc [options]"
+msgstr "git gc [flaggor]"
+
 #: builtin/gc.c:63
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid %s: '%s'"
@@ -1985,12 +4906,19 @@
 msgid "insanely long object directory %.*s"
 msgstr "tokigt lång objektkatalog %.*s"
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:221
-#, c-format
-msgid "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance.\n"
-msgstr "Packar arkivet automatiskt för optimal prestanda.\n"
+#: builtin/gc.c:179
+msgid "prune unreferenced objects"
+msgstr "rensa ej refererade objekt"
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:224
+#: builtin/gc.c:181
+msgid "be more thorough (increased runtime)"
+msgstr "var mer grundlig (ökar körtiden)"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:182
+msgid "enable auto-gc mode"
+msgstr "aktivera auto-gc-läge"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:222
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance. You may also\n"
@@ -1999,72 +4927,672 @@
 "Packar arkivet automatiskt för optimal prestanda. Du kan även\n"
 "köra \"git gc\" manuellt. Se \"git help gc\" för mer information.\n"
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:251
+#: builtin/gc.c:249
 msgid ""
 "There are too many unreachable loose objects; run 'git prune' to remove them."
 msgstr ""
 "Det finns för många onåbara lösa objekt; kör \"git prune\" för att ta bort "
 "dem."
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:216
+#: builtin/grep.c:22
+msgid "git grep [options] [-e] <pattern> [<rev>...] [[--] <path>...]"
+msgstr "git grep [flaggor] [-e] <mönster> [<rev>...] [[--] <sökväg>...]"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:217
 #, c-format
 msgid "grep: failed to create thread: %s"
 msgstr "grep: misslyckades skapa tråd. %s"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:402
+#: builtin/grep.c:365
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to chdir: %s"
 msgstr "Kunde inte byta katalog (chdir): %s"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:478 builtin/grep.c:512
+#: builtin/grep.c:443 builtin/grep.c:478
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to read tree (%s)"
 msgstr "kunde inte läsa träd (%s)"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:526
+#: builtin/grep.c:493
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to grep from object of type %s"
 msgstr "Kunde inte \"grep\" från objekt av typen %s"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:584
+#: builtin/grep.c:551
 #, c-format
 msgid "switch `%c' expects a numerical value"
 msgstr "flaggan \"%c\" antar ett numeriskt värde"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:601
+#: builtin/grep.c:568
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open '%s'"
 msgstr "kan inte öppna \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:888
+#: builtin/grep.c:643
+msgid "search in index instead of in the work tree"
+msgstr "sök i indexet istället för i arbetskatalogen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:645
+msgid "find in contents not managed by git"
+msgstr "sök i innehål som inte hanteras av git"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:647
+msgid "search in both tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr "sök i både spårade och ospårade filer"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:649
+msgid "search also in ignored files"
+msgstr "sök även i ignorerade filer"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:652
+msgid "show non-matching lines"
+msgstr "vis rader som inte träffas"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:654
+msgid "case insensitive matching"
+msgstr "skiftlägesokänslig sökning"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:656
+msgid "match patterns only at word boundaries"
+msgstr "matcha endast mönster vid ordgränser"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:658
+msgid "process binary files as text"
+msgstr "hantera binärfiler som text"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:660
+msgid "don't match patterns in binary files"
+msgstr "träffa inte mönster i binärfiler"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:663
+msgid "descend at most <depth> levels"
+msgstr "gå som mest ned <djup> nivåer"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:667
+msgid "use extended POSIX regular expressions"
+msgstr "använd utökade POSIX-reguljära uttryck"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:670
+msgid "use basic POSIX regular expressions (default)"
+msgstr "använd grundläggande POSIX-reguljära uttryck (standard)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:673
+msgid "interpret patterns as fixed strings"
+msgstr "tolka mönster som fixerade strängar"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:676
+msgid "use Perl-compatible regular expressions"
+msgstr "använd Perlkompatibla reguljära uttryck"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:679
+msgid "show line numbers"
+msgstr "visa radnummer"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:680
+msgid "don't show filenames"
+msgstr "visa inte filnamn"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:681
+msgid "show filenames"
+msgstr "visa filnamn"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:683
+msgid "show filenames relative to top directory"
+msgstr "visa filnamn relativa till toppkatalogen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:685
+msgid "show only filenames instead of matching lines"
+msgstr "visa endast filnamn istället för träffade rader"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:687
+msgid "synonym for --files-with-matches"
+msgstr "synonym för --files-with-matches"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:690
+msgid "show only the names of files without match"
+msgstr "visa endast namn på filer utan träffar"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:692
+msgid "print NUL after filenames"
+msgstr "skriv NUL efter filnamn"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:694
+msgid "show the number of matches instead of matching lines"
+msgstr "visa antal träffar istället för träffade rader"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:695
+msgid "highlight matches"
+msgstr "ljusmarkera träffar"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:697
+msgid "print empty line between matches from different files"
+msgstr "skriv tomma rader mellan träffar från olika filer"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:699
+msgid "show filename only once above matches from same file"
+msgstr "visa filnamn endast en gång ovanför träffar från samma fil"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:702
+msgid "show <n> context lines before and after matches"
+msgstr "visa <n> rader sammanhang före och efter träffar"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:705
+msgid "show <n> context lines before matches"
+msgstr "visa <n> rader sammanhang före träffar"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:707
+msgid "show <n> context lines after matches"
+msgstr "visa <n> rader sammanhang efter träffar"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:708
+msgid "shortcut for -C NUM"
+msgstr "genväg för -C NUM"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:711
+msgid "show a line with the function name before matches"
+msgstr "visa en rad med funktionsnamnet före träffen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:713
+msgid "show the surrounding function"
+msgstr "visa den omkringliggande funktionen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:716
+msgid "read patterns from file"
+msgstr "läs mönster från fil"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:718
+msgid "match <pattern>"
+msgstr "träffa <mönster>"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:720
+msgid "combine patterns specified with -e"
+msgstr "kombinera mönster som anges med -e"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:732
+msgid "indicate hit with exit status without output"
+msgstr "ange träff med slutstatuskod utan utdata"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:734
+msgid "show only matches from files that match all patterns"
+msgstr "visa endast träffar från filer som träffar alla mönster"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:736
+msgid "show parse tree for grep expression"
+msgstr "visa analysträd för grep-uttryck"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:740
+msgid "pager"
+msgstr "bläddrare"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:740
+msgid "show matching files in the pager"
+msgstr "visa träffade filer i filbläddraren"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:743
+msgid "allow calling of grep(1) (ignored by this build)"
+msgstr "tillåt anropa grep(1) (ignoreras av detta bygge)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:744 builtin/show-ref.c:184
+msgid "show usage"
+msgstr "visa användning"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:811
 msgid "no pattern given."
 msgstr "inget mönster angavs."
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:902
-#, c-format
-msgid "bad object %s"
-msgstr "felaktigt objekt %s"
-
-#: builtin/grep.c:943
+#: builtin/grep.c:866
 msgid "--open-files-in-pager only works on the worktree"
 msgstr "--open-files-in-pager fungerar endast i arbetskatalogen"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:966
+#: builtin/grep.c:889
 msgid "--cached or --untracked cannot be used with --no-index."
 msgstr "--cached och --untracked kan inte användas med --no-index."
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:971
+#: builtin/grep.c:894
 msgid "--no-index or --untracked cannot be used with revs."
 msgstr "--no-index och --untracked kan inte användas med revisioner."
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:974
+#: builtin/grep.c:897
 msgid "--[no-]exclude-standard cannot be used for tracked contents."
 msgstr "--[no-]exclude-standard kan inte användas för spårat innehåll."
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:982
+#: builtin/grep.c:905
 msgid "both --cached and trees are given."
 msgstr "både --cached och träd angavs."
 
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:60
+msgid ""
+"git hash-object [-t <type>] [-w] [--path=<file>|--no-filters] [--stdin] [--] "
+"<file>..."
+msgstr ""
+"git hash-object [-t <typ>] [-w] [--path=<fil>|--no-filters] [--stdin] [--] "
+"<fil>..."
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:61
+msgid "git hash-object  --stdin-paths < <list-of-paths>"
+msgstr "git hash-object  --stdin-paths < <sökvägslista>"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:72
+msgid "type"
+msgstr "typ"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:72
+msgid "object type"
+msgstr "objekttyp"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:73
+msgid "write the object into the object database"
+msgstr "skriv objektet till objektdatabasen"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:74
+msgid "read the object from stdin"
+msgstr "läs objektet från standard in"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:76
+msgid "store file as is without filters"
+msgstr "spara filen som den är utan filer"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:77
+msgid "process file as it were from this path"
+msgstr "hantera filen som om den kom från sökvägen"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:43
+msgid "print all available commands"
+msgstr "visa alla tillgängliga kommandon"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:44
+msgid "print list of useful guides"
+msgstr "lista användbara vägledningar"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:45
+msgid "show man page"
+msgstr "visa manualsida"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:46
+msgid "show manual in web browser"
+msgstr "visa manual i webbläsare"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:48
+msgid "show info page"
+msgstr "visa info-sida"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:54
+msgid "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man|--web|--info] [command]"
+msgstr "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man|--web|--info] [kommando]"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:66
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized help format '%s'"
+msgstr "okänt hjälpformat: %s"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:94
+msgid "Failed to start emacsclient."
+msgstr "Misslyckades starta emacsclient."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:107
+msgid "Failed to parse emacsclient version."
+msgstr "Kunde inte tolka emacsclient-version."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:115
+#, c-format
+msgid "emacsclient version '%d' too old (< 22)."
+msgstr "emacsclient version \"%d\" för gammal (< 22)."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:133 builtin/help.c:161 builtin/help.c:170 builtin/help.c:178
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to exec '%s': %s"
+msgstr "exec misslyckades för \"%s\": %s"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:218
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s': path for unsupported man viewer.\n"
+"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.cmd' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"\"%s\": sökväg för man-visare som ej stöds.\n"
+"Använd \"man.<verktyg>.cmd\" istället."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:230
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s': cmd for supported man viewer.\n"
+"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.path' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"\"%s\": kommando för man-visare som stöds.\n"
+"Använd \"man.<verktyg>.path\" istället."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:351
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': unknown man viewer."
+msgstr "\"%s\": okänd man-visare."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:368
+msgid "no man viewer handled the request"
+msgstr "ingen man-visare hanterade förfrågan"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:376
+msgid "no info viewer handled the request"
+msgstr "ingen info-visare hanterade förfrågan"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:422
+msgid "Defining attributes per path"
+msgstr "Definierar attribut per sökväg"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:423
+msgid "A Git glossary"
+msgstr "En Git-ordlista"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:424
+msgid "Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore"
+msgstr "Ange avsiktligen ospårade filer att ignorera"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:425
+msgid "Defining submodule properties"
+msgstr "Ange egenskaper för undermoduler"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:426
+msgid "Specifying revisions and ranges for Git"
+msgstr "Ange versioner och intervall i Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:427
+msgid "A tutorial introduction to Git (for version 1.5.1 or newer)"
+msgstr "Introduktion till Git (för version 1.5.1 och senare)"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:428
+msgid "An overview of recommended workflows with Git"
+msgstr "Översikt över rekommenderade arbetsflöden med Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:440
+msgid "The common Git guides are:\n"
+msgstr "De vanliga Git-vägledningarna är:\n"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:462 builtin/help.c:478
+#, c-format
+msgid "usage: %s%s"
+msgstr "användning: %s%s"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:494
+#, c-format
+msgid "`git %s' is aliased to `%s'"
+msgstr "\"git %s\" är ett alias för \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:182
+#, c-format
+msgid "object type mismatch at %s"
+msgstr "objekttyp stämmer inte överens vid %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:202
+msgid "object of unexpected type"
+msgstr "objekt av oväntad typ"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:239
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot fill %d byte"
+msgid_plural "cannot fill %d bytes"
+msgstr[0] "kan inte fylla %d byte"
+msgstr[1] "kan inte fylla %d byte"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:249
+msgid "early EOF"
+msgstr "tidigt filslut"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:250
+msgid "read error on input"
+msgstr "indataläsfel"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:262
+msgid "used more bytes than were available"
+msgstr "använde fler byte än tillgängligt"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:269
+msgid "pack too large for current definition of off_t"
+msgstr "paket för stort för nuvarande definition av off_t"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:285
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create '%s'"
+msgstr "kunde inte skapa \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:290
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open packfile '%s'"
+msgstr "kan inte öppna paketfilen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:304
+msgid "pack signature mismatch"
+msgstr "paketsignatur stämmer inte överens"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:306
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack version %<PRIu32> unsupported"
+msgstr "paketversion %<PRIu32> stöds ej"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:324
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack has bad object at offset %lu: %s"
+msgstr "paketet har felaktigt objekt vid index %lu: %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:446
+#, c-format
+msgid "inflate returned %d"
+msgstr "inflate returnerade %d"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:495
+msgid "offset value overflow for delta base object"
+msgstr "indexvärdespill för deltabasobjekt"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:503
+msgid "delta base offset is out of bound"
+msgstr "deltabasindex utanför gränsen"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:511
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown object type %d"
+msgstr "okänd objekttyp %d"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:542
+msgid "cannot pread pack file"
+msgstr "kan inte utföra \"pread\" på paketfil"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:544
+#, c-format
+msgid "premature end of pack file, %lu byte missing"
+msgid_plural "premature end of pack file, %lu bytes missing"
+msgstr[0] "för tidigt slut på paketfilen, %lu byte saknas"
+msgstr[1] "för tidigt slut på paketfilen, %lu byte saknas"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:570
+msgid "serious inflate inconsistency"
+msgstr "allvarlig inflate-inkonsekvens"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:661 builtin/index-pack.c:667 builtin/index-pack.c:690
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:724 builtin/index-pack.c:733
+#, c-format
+msgid "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"
+msgstr "SHA1-KOLLISION UPPTÄCKT VID %s !"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:664 builtin/pack-objects.c:170
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:262
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte läsa %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:730
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read existing object %s"
+msgstr "kan inte läsa befintligt objekt %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:744
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid blob object %s"
+msgstr "ogiltigt blob-objekt %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:759
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid %s"
+msgstr "ogiltigt %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:761
+msgid "Error in object"
+msgstr "Fel i objekt"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:763
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not all child objects of %s are reachable"
+msgstr "Inte alla barnobjekt för %s kan nås"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:833 builtin/index-pack.c:863
+msgid "failed to apply delta"
+msgstr "misslyckades tillämpa delta"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1004
+msgid "Receiving objects"
+msgstr "Tar emot objekt"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1004
+msgid "Indexing objects"
+msgstr "Skapar index för objekt"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1030
+msgid "pack is corrupted (SHA1 mismatch)"
+msgstr "paketet är trasigt (SHA1 stämmer inte)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1035
+msgid "cannot fstat packfile"
+msgstr "kan inte utföra \"fstat\" på paketfil"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1038
+msgid "pack has junk at the end"
+msgstr "paket har skräp i slutet"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1049
+msgid "confusion beyond insanity in parse_pack_objects()"
+msgstr "förvirrad bortom vanvett i parse_pack_objects()"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1072
+msgid "Resolving deltas"
+msgstr "Analyserar delta"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1082
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create thread: %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte skapa tråd: %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1124
+msgid "confusion beyond insanity"
+msgstr "förvirrad bortom vanvett"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1132
+#, c-format
+msgid "completed with %d local objects"
+msgstr "slutfördes med %d lokala objekt"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1142
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unexpected tail checksum for %s (disk corruption?)"
+msgstr "Oväntad svanschecksumma för %s (trasig disk?)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1146
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack has %d unresolved delta"
+msgid_plural "pack has %d unresolved deltas"
+msgstr[0] "paketet har %d oanalyserat delta"
+msgstr[1] "paketet har %d oanalyserade delta"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1171
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to deflate appended object (%d)"
+msgstr "kunde inte utföra \"deflate\" på tillagt objekt (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1250
+#, c-format
+msgid "local object %s is corrupt"
+msgstr "lokalt objekt %s är trasigt"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1274
+msgid "error while closing pack file"
+msgstr "fel vid stängning av paketfil"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1287
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot write keep file '%s'"
+msgstr "kan inte ta skriva \"keep\"-fil \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1295
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot close written keep file '%s'"
+msgstr "akn inte stänga skriven \"keep\"-fil \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1308
+msgid "cannot store pack file"
+msgstr "kan inte spara paketfil"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1319
+msgid "cannot store index file"
+msgstr "kan inte spara indexfil"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1352
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
+msgstr "felaktig pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1358
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid number of threads specified (%d)"
+msgstr "felaktigt antal trådar angivet (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1362 builtin/index-pack.c:1535
+#, c-format
+msgid "no threads support, ignoring %s"
+msgstr "trådstöd saknas, ignorerar %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1420
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open existing pack file '%s'"
+msgstr "Kan inte öppna befintlig paketfil \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1422
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open existing pack idx file for '%s'"
+msgstr "Kan inte öppna befintligt paket-idx-fil för \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1469
+#, c-format
+msgid "non delta: %d object"
+msgid_plural "non delta: %d objects"
+msgstr[0] "icke-delta: %d objekt"
+msgstr[1] "icke-delta: %d objekt"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1476
+#, c-format
+msgid "chain length = %d: %lu object"
+msgid_plural "chain length = %d: %lu objects"
+msgstr[0] "kedjelängd = %d: %lu objekt"
+msgstr[1] "kedjelängd = %d: %lu objekt"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1503
+msgid "Cannot come back to cwd"
+msgstr "Kan inte gå tillbaka till arbetskatalogen (cwd)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1547 builtin/index-pack.c:1550
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1562 builtin/index-pack.c:1566
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad %s"
+msgstr "felaktig %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1580
+msgid "--fix-thin cannot be used without --stdin"
+msgstr "--fix-thin kan inte användas med --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1584 builtin/index-pack.c:1594
+#, c-format
+msgid "packfile name '%s' does not end with '.pack'"
+msgstr "paketfilnamnet \"%s\" slutar inte med \".pack\""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1603
+msgid "--verify with no packfile name given"
+msgstr "--verify angavs utan paketfilnamn"
+
 #: builtin/init-db.c:35
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not make %s writable by group"
@@ -2135,22 +5663,22 @@
 msgid "insane git directory %s"
 msgstr "tokig git-katalog %s"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:322 builtin/init-db.c:325
+#: builtin/init-db.c:323 builtin/init-db.c:326
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s already exists"
 msgstr "%s finns redan"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:354
+#: builtin/init-db.c:355
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to handle file type %d"
 msgstr "kan inte hantera filtyp %d"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:357
+#: builtin/init-db.c:358
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to move %s to %s"
 msgstr "kan inte flytta %s till %s"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:362
+#: builtin/init-db.c:363
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not create git link %s"
 msgstr "Kunde inte skapa gitlänk %s"
@@ -2160,38 +5688,58 @@
 #. * existing" or "Initialized empty", the second " shared" or
 #. * "", and the last '%s%s' is the verbatim directory name.
 #.
-#: builtin/init-db.c:419
+#: builtin/init-db.c:420
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s%s Git repository in %s%s\n"
 msgstr "%s%s Git-arkiv i %s%s\n"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:420
+#: builtin/init-db.c:421
 msgid "Reinitialized existing"
 msgstr "Ominitierade befintligt"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:420
+#: builtin/init-db.c:421
 msgid "Initialized empty"
 msgstr "Initierade tomt"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:421
+#: builtin/init-db.c:422
 msgid " shared"
 msgstr " delat"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:440
+#: builtin/init-db.c:441
 msgid "cannot tell cwd"
 msgstr "kan inte läsa aktuell katalog (cwd)"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:521 builtin/init-db.c:528
+#: builtin/init-db.c:467
+msgid ""
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<template-directory>] [--shared"
+"[=<permissions>]] [directory]"
+msgstr ""
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<mallkatalog>] [--shared"
+"[=<behörigheter>]] [katalog]"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:490
+msgid "permissions"
+msgstr "behörigheter"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:491
+msgid "specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users"
+msgstr "ange att git-arkivet skall delas bland flera användare"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:493 builtin/prune-packed.c:77
+msgid "be quiet"
+msgstr "var tyst"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:522 builtin/init-db.c:529
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot mkdir %s"
 msgstr "kan inte skapa katalogen (mkdir) %s"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:532
+#: builtin/init-db.c:533
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot chdir to %s"
 msgstr "kan inte byta katalog (chdir) till %s"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:554
+#: builtin/init-db.c:555
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "%s (or --work-tree=<directory>) not allowed without specifying %s (or --git-"
@@ -2200,122 +5748,400 @@
 "%s (eller --work-tree=<katalog>) inte tillåtet utan att ange %s (eller --git-"
 "dir=<katalog>)"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:578
+#: builtin/init-db.c:579
 msgid "Cannot access current working directory"
 msgstr "Kan inte komma åt aktuell arbetskatalog"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:585
+#: builtin/init-db.c:586
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot access work tree '%s'"
 msgstr "Kan inte komma åt arbetskatalogen \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:187
+#: builtin/log.c:40
+msgid "git log [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] <path>...]\n"
+msgstr "git log [<flaggor>] [<versionsintervall>] [[--] <sökväg>...]\n"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:41
+msgid "   or: git show [options] <object>..."
+msgstr "     eller: git show [flaggor] <objekt>..."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:103
+msgid "suppress diff output"
+msgstr "undertryck diff-utdata"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:104
+msgid "show source"
+msgstr "visa källkod"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:105
+msgid "Use mail map file"
+msgstr "Använd e-postmappningsfil"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:106
+msgid "decorate options"
+msgstr "dekoreringsflaggor"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:199
 #, c-format
 msgid "Final output: %d %s\n"
 msgstr "Slututdata: %d %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:395 builtin/log.c:483
+#: builtin/log.c:422 builtin/log.c:514
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not read object %s"
 msgstr "Kunde inte läsa objektet %s"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:507
+#: builtin/log.c:538
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown type: %d"
 msgstr "Okänd typ: %d"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:596
+#: builtin/log.c:638
 msgid "format.headers without value"
 msgstr "format.headers utan värde"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:669
+#: builtin/log.c:720
 msgid "name of output directory is too long"
 msgstr "namnet på utdatakatalogen är för långt"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:680
+#: builtin/log.c:736
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot open patch file %s"
 msgstr "Kan inte öppna patchfilen %s"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:694
+#: builtin/log.c:750
 msgid "Need exactly one range."
 msgstr "Behöver precis ett intervall."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:702
+#: builtin/log.c:758
 msgid "Not a range."
 msgstr "Inte ett intervall."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:739
-msgid "Could not extract email from committer identity."
-msgstr "Kunde inte extrahera e-postadress från incheckarens identitet."
-
-#: builtin/log.c:785
+#: builtin/log.c:860
 msgid "Cover letter needs email format"
 msgstr "Omslagsbrevet behöver e-postformat"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:879
+#: builtin/log.c:936
 #, c-format
 msgid "insane in-reply-to: %s"
 msgstr "tokigt in-reply-to: %s"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:952
+#: builtin/log.c:964
+msgid "git format-patch [options] [<since> | <revision range>]"
+msgstr "git format-patch [flaggor] [<sedan> | <revisionsintervall>]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1009
 msgid "Two output directories?"
 msgstr "Två utdatakataloger?"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1173
-#, c-format
-msgid "bogus committer info %s"
-msgstr "felaktig incheckarinformation %s"
+#: builtin/log.c:1108
+msgid "use [PATCH n/m] even with a single patch"
+msgstr "använd [PATCH n/m] även för en ensam patch"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1218
+#: builtin/log.c:1111
+msgid "use [PATCH] even with multiple patches"
+msgstr "använd [PATCH] även för flera patchar"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1115
+msgid "print patches to standard out"
+msgstr "skriv patcharna på stnadard ut"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1117
+msgid "generate a cover letter"
+msgstr "generera ett följebrev"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1119
+msgid "use simple number sequence for output file names"
+msgstr "använd enkel nummersekvens för utdatafilnamn"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1120
+msgid "sfx"
+msgstr "sfx"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1121
+msgid "use <sfx> instead of '.patch'"
+msgstr "använd <sfx> istället för \".patch\""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1123
+msgid "start numbering patches at <n> instead of 1"
+msgstr "börja numrera patchar på <n> istället för 1"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1125
+msgid "mark the series as Nth re-roll"
+msgstr "markera serien som N:te försök"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1127
+msgid "Use [<prefix>] instead of [PATCH]"
+msgstr "Använd [<prefix>] istället för [PATCH]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1130
+msgid "store resulting files in <dir>"
+msgstr "spara filerna i <katalog>"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1133
+msgid "don't strip/add [PATCH]"
+msgstr "ta inte bort eller lägg till [PATCH]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1136
+msgid "don't output binary diffs"
+msgstr "skriv inte binära diffar"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1138
+msgid "don't include a patch matching a commit upstream"
+msgstr "ta inte med patchar som motsvarar en uppströmsincheckning"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1140
+msgid "show patch format instead of default (patch + stat)"
+msgstr "visa patchformat istället för standard (patch + stat)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1142
+msgid "Messaging"
+msgstr "E-post"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1143
+msgid "header"
+msgstr "huvud"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1144
+msgid "add email header"
+msgstr "lägg till e-posthuvud"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1145 builtin/log.c:1147
+msgid "email"
+msgstr "epost"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1145
+msgid "add To: header"
+msgstr "Lägg till mottagarhuvud (\"To:\")"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1147
+msgid "add Cc: header"
+msgstr "Lägg till kopiehuvud (\"Cc:\")"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1149
+msgid "message-id"
+msgstr "meddelande-id"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1150
+msgid "make first mail a reply to <message-id>"
+msgstr "Gör det första brevet ett svar till <meddelande-id>"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1151 builtin/log.c:1154
+msgid "boundary"
+msgstr "gräns"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1152
+msgid "attach the patch"
+msgstr "bifoga patchen"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1155
+msgid "inline the patch"
+msgstr "gör patchen ett inline-objekt"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1159
+msgid "enable message threading, styles: shallow, deep"
+msgstr "aktivera brevtrådning, typer: shallow, deep"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1161
+msgid "signature"
+msgstr "signatur"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1162
+msgid "add a signature"
+msgstr "lägg till signatur"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1164
+msgid "don't print the patch filenames"
+msgstr "visa inte filnamn för patchar"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1248
 msgid "-n and -k are mutually exclusive."
 msgstr "-n och -k kan inte användas samtidigt."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1220
+#: builtin/log.c:1250
 msgid "--subject-prefix and -k are mutually exclusive."
 msgstr "--subject-prefix och -k kan inte användas samtidigt."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1225 builtin/shortlog.c:284
-#, c-format
-msgid "unrecognized argument: %s"
-msgstr "okänt argument: %s"
-
-#: builtin/log.c:1228
+#: builtin/log.c:1258
 msgid "--name-only does not make sense"
 msgstr "kan inte använda --name-only"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1230
+#: builtin/log.c:1260
 msgid "--name-status does not make sense"
 msgstr "kan inte använda --name-status"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1232
+#: builtin/log.c:1262
 msgid "--check does not make sense"
 msgstr "kan inte använda --check"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1255
+#: builtin/log.c:1285
 msgid "standard output, or directory, which one?"
 msgstr "standard ut, eller katalog, vilken skall det vara?"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1257
+#: builtin/log.c:1287
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not create directory '%s'"
 msgstr "Kunde inte skapa katalogen \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1410
+#: builtin/log.c:1435
 msgid "Failed to create output files"
 msgstr "Misslyckades skapa utdatafiler"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1514
+#: builtin/log.c:1484
+msgid "git cherry [-v] [<upstream> [<head> [<limit>]]]"
+msgstr "git cherry [-v] [<uppström> [<huvud> [<gräns>]]]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1539
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Could not find a tracked remote branch, please specify <upstream> manually.\n"
 msgstr "Kunde inte hitta en spårad fjärrgren, ange <uppström> manuellt.\n"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1530 builtin/log.c:1532 builtin/log.c:1544
+#: builtin/log.c:1552 builtin/log.c:1554 builtin/log.c:1566
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown commit %s"
 msgstr "Okänd incheckning %s"
 
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:402
+msgid "git ls-files [options] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git ls-files [flaggor] [<fil>...]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:459
+msgid "identify the file status with tags"
+msgstr "identifiera filstatus med taggar"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:461
+msgid "use lowercase letters for 'assume unchanged' files"
+msgstr "använd små bokstäver för \"anta oförändrade\"-filer"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:463
+msgid "show cached files in the output (default)"
+msgstr "visa cachade filer i utdata (standard)"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:465
+msgid "show deleted files in the output"
+msgstr "visa borttagna filer i utdata"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:467
+msgid "show modified files in the output"
+msgstr "visa modifierade filer i utdata"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:469
+msgid "show other files in the output"
+msgstr "visa andra filer i utdata"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:471
+msgid "show ignored files in the output"
+msgstr "visa ignorerade filer i utdata"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:474
+msgid "show staged contents' object name in the output"
+msgstr "visa köat innehålls objektnamn i utdata"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:476
+msgid "show files on the filesystem that need to be removed"
+msgstr "visa filer i filsystemet som behöver tas bort"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:478
+msgid "show 'other' directories' name only"
+msgstr "visa endast namn för \"andra\" kataloger"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:481
+msgid "don't show empty directories"
+msgstr "visa inte tomma kataloger"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:484
+msgid "show unmerged files in the output"
+msgstr "visa ej sammanslagna filer i utdata"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:486
+msgid "show resolve-undo information"
+msgstr "visa \"resolve-undo\"-information"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:488
+msgid "skip files matching pattern"
+msgstr "hoppa över filer som motsvarar mönster"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:491
+msgid "exclude patterns are read from <file>"
+msgstr "exkludera mönster som läses från <fil>"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:494
+msgid "read additional per-directory exclude patterns in <file>"
+msgstr "läs ytterligare per-katalog-exkluderingsmönster från <fil>"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:496
+msgid "add the standard git exclusions"
+msgstr "lägg till git:s standardexkluderingar"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:499
+msgid "make the output relative to the project top directory"
+msgstr "gör utdata relativ till projektets toppkatalog"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:502
+msgid "if any <file> is not in the index, treat this as an error"
+msgstr "om en <fil> inte är indexet, betrakta det som ett fel"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:503
+msgid "tree-ish"
+msgstr "träd-igt"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:504
+msgid "pretend that paths removed since <tree-ish> are still present"
+msgstr "låtsas att sökvägar borttagna sedan <träd-igt> fortfarande finns"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:506
+msgid "show debugging data"
+msgstr "visa felsökningsutdata"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:27
+msgid "git ls-tree [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git ls-tree [<flaggor>] <träd-igt> [<sökväg>...]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:125
+msgid "only show trees"
+msgstr "visa endast träd"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:127
+msgid "recurse into subtrees"
+msgstr "rekursera ner i underträd"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:129
+msgid "show trees when recursing"
+msgstr "visa träd medan rekursering"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:132
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL byte"
+msgstr "terminera poster med NUL-byte"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:133
+msgid "include object size"
+msgstr "inkludera objektstorlek"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:135 builtin/ls-tree.c:137
+msgid "list only filenames"
+msgstr "visa endast filnamn"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:140
+msgid "use full path names"
+msgstr "använd fullständiga sökvägsnamn"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:142
+msgid "list entire tree; not just current directory (implies --full-name)"
+msgstr "visa hela trädet; inte bara aktuell katalog (implicerar --full-name)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:43
+msgid "git merge [options] [<commit>...]"
+msgstr "git merge [flaggor] [<incheckning>...]"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:44
+msgid "git merge [options] <msg> HEAD <commit>"
+msgstr "git merge [flaggor] <meddelande> HEAD <incheckning>"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:45
+msgid "git merge --abort"
+msgstr "git merge --abort"
+
 #: builtin/merge.c:90
 msgid "switch `m' requires a value"
 msgstr "flaggan \"m\" behöver ett värde"
@@ -2335,155 +6161,213 @@
 msgid "Available custom strategies are:"
 msgstr "Tillgängliga skräddarsydda strategier är:"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:240
+#: builtin/merge.c:183
+msgid "do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr "visa inte en diffstat när sammanslagningen är färdig"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:186
+msgid "show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr "visa en diffstat när sammanslagningen är färdig"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:187
+msgid "(synonym to --stat)"
+msgstr "(synonym till --stat)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:189
+msgid "add (at most <n>) entries from shortlog to merge commit message"
+msgstr ""
+"lägg till (som mest <n>) poster från shortlog till incheckningsmeddelandet"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:192
+msgid "create a single commit instead of doing a merge"
+msgstr "skapa en ensam incheckning istället för en sammanslagning"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:194
+msgid "perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)"
+msgstr "utför en incheckning om sammanslagningen lyckades (standard)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:196
+msgid "edit message before committing"
+msgstr "redigera meddelande innan incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:198
+msgid "allow fast-forward (default)"
+msgstr "tillåt snabbspolning (standard)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:200
+msgid "abort if fast-forward is not possible"
+msgstr "avbryt om snabbspolning inte är möjlig"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:203
+msgid "Verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature"
+msgstr "Bekräfta att den namngivna incheckningen har en giltig GPG-signatur"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:204 builtin/notes.c:866 builtin/revert.c:112
+msgid "strategy"
+msgstr "strategi"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:205
+msgid "merge strategy to use"
+msgstr "sammanslagninsstrategi att använda"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:206
+msgid "option=value"
+msgstr "alternativ=värde"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:207
+msgid "option for selected merge strategy"
+msgstr "alternativ för vald sammanslagningsstrategi"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:209
+msgid "merge commit message (for a non-fast-forward merge)"
+msgstr "incheckningsmeddelande för (icke snabbspolande) sammanslagning"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:213
+msgid "abort the current in-progress merge"
+msgstr "avbryt den pågående sammanslagningen"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:242
 msgid "could not run stash."
 msgstr "kunde köra stash."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:245
+#: builtin/merge.c:247
 msgid "stash failed"
 msgstr "stash misslyckades"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:250
+#: builtin/merge.c:252
 #, c-format
 msgid "not a valid object: %s"
 msgstr "inte ett giltigt objekt: %s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:269 builtin/merge.c:286
+#: builtin/merge.c:271 builtin/merge.c:288
 msgid "read-tree failed"
 msgstr "read-tree misslyckades"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:316
+#: builtin/merge.c:318
 msgid " (nothing to squash)"
 msgstr " (inget att platta till)"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:329
+#: builtin/merge.c:331
 #, c-format
 msgid "Squash commit -- not updating HEAD\n"
 msgstr "Tillplattningsincheckning -- uppdaterar inte HEAD\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:361
+#: builtin/merge.c:363
 msgid "Writing SQUASH_MSG"
 msgstr "Skriver SQUASH_MSG"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:363
+#: builtin/merge.c:365
 msgid "Finishing SQUASH_MSG"
 msgstr "Avslutar SQUASH_MSG"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:386
+#: builtin/merge.c:388
 #, c-format
 msgid "No merge message -- not updating HEAD\n"
 msgstr "Inget sammanslagningsmeddelande -- uppdaterar inte HEAD\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:437
+#: builtin/merge.c:438
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' does not point to a commit"
 msgstr "\"%s\" verkar inte peka på en incheckning"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:536
+#: builtin/merge.c:550
 #, c-format
 msgid "Bad branch.%s.mergeoptions string: %s"
 msgstr "Felaktig branch.%s.mergeoptions-sträng: %s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:629
+#: builtin/merge.c:643
 msgid "git write-tree failed to write a tree"
 msgstr "git write-tree misslyckades skriva ett träd"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:679
-msgid "failed to read the cache"
-msgstr "misslyckads läsa cachen"
-
-#: builtin/merge.c:697
-msgid "Unable to write index."
-msgstr "Kunde inte skriva indexet."
-
-#: builtin/merge.c:710
+#: builtin/merge.c:671
 msgid "Not handling anything other than two heads merge."
 msgstr "Hanterar inte något annat än en sammanslagning av två huvuden."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:724
+#: builtin/merge.c:685
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown option for merge-recursive: -X%s"
 msgstr "Felaktig flagga för merge-recursive: -X%s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:738
+#: builtin/merge.c:699
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to write %s"
 msgstr "kunde inte skriva %s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:877
+#: builtin/merge.c:788
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not read from '%s'"
 msgstr "Kunde inte läsa från \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:886
+#: builtin/merge.c:797
 #, c-format
 msgid "Not committing merge; use 'git commit' to complete the merge.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "Checkar inte in sammanslagningen; använd \"git commit\" för att slutföra "
 "den.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:892
+#: builtin/merge.c:803
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Please enter a commit message to explain why this merge is necessary,\n"
 "especially if it merges an updated upstream into a topic branch.\n"
 "\n"
-"Lines starting with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
 "the commit.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "Ange ett incheckningsmeddelande för att förklara varför sammanslagningen\n"
 "är nödvändig, speciellt om den slår in en uppdaterad uppström i en\n"
 "temagren.\n"
 "\n"
-"Rader som inleds med \"#\" kommer ignoreras, och ett tomt meddelande\n"
+"Rader som inleds med \"%c\" kommer ignoreras, och ett tomt meddelande\n"
 "avbryter incheckningen.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:916
+#: builtin/merge.c:827
 msgid "Empty commit message."
 msgstr "Tomt incheckningsmeddelande."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:928
+#: builtin/merge.c:839
 #, c-format
 msgid "Wonderful.\n"
 msgstr "Underbart.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:993
+#: builtin/merge.c:904
 #, c-format
 msgid "Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "Kunde inte slå ihop automatiskt; fixa konflikter och checka in resultatet.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1009
+#: builtin/merge.c:920
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' is not a commit"
 msgstr "\"%s\" är inte en incheckning"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1050
+#: builtin/merge.c:961
 msgid "No current branch."
 msgstr "Inte på någon gren."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1052
+#: builtin/merge.c:963
 msgid "No remote for the current branch."
 msgstr "Ingen fjärr för aktuell gren."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1054
+#: builtin/merge.c:965
 msgid "No default upstream defined for the current branch."
 msgstr "Ingen standarduppström angiven för aktuell gren."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1059
+#: builtin/merge.c:970
 #, c-format
 msgid "No remote tracking branch for %s from %s"
 msgstr "Ingen fjärrspårande gren för %s från %s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1146 builtin/merge.c:1303
+#: builtin/merge.c:1057 builtin/merge.c:1214
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s - not something we can merge"
 msgstr "%s - inte något vi kan slå ihop"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1214
+#: builtin/merge.c:1125
 msgid "There is no merge to abort (MERGE_HEAD missing)."
 msgstr "Det finns ingen sammanslagning att avbryta (MERGE_HEAD saknas)."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1230 git-pull.sh:31
+#: builtin/merge.c:1141 git-pull.sh:31
 msgid ""
 "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
 "Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
@@ -2491,11 +6375,11 @@
 "Du har inte avslutat sammanslagningen (MERGE_HEAD finns).\n"
 "Checka in dina ändringar innan du kan slå ihop."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1233 git-pull.sh:34
+#: builtin/merge.c:1144 git-pull.sh:34
 msgid "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists)."
 msgstr "Du har inte avslutat sammanslagningen (MERGE_HEAD finns)."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1237
+#: builtin/merge.c:1148
 msgid ""
 "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists).\n"
 "Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
@@ -2503,84 +6387,206 @@
 "Du har inte avslutat din \"cherry-pick\" (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD finns).\n"
 "Checka in dina ändringar innan du kan slå ihop."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1240
+#: builtin/merge.c:1151
 msgid "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists)."
 msgstr "Du har inte avslutat din \"cherry-pick\" (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD finns)."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1249
+#: builtin/merge.c:1160
 msgid "You cannot combine --squash with --no-ff."
 msgstr "Du kan inte kombinera --squash med --no-ff."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1254
+#: builtin/merge.c:1165
 msgid "You cannot combine --no-ff with --ff-only."
 msgstr "Du kan inte kombinera --no-ff med --ff-only."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1261
+#: builtin/merge.c:1172
 msgid "No commit specified and merge.defaultToUpstream not set."
 msgstr "Ingen incheckning angiven och merge.defaultToUpstream är ej satt."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1293
+#: builtin/merge.c:1204
 msgid "Can merge only exactly one commit into empty head"
 msgstr "Kan endast slå ihop en enda incheckning i ett tomt huvud."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1296
+#: builtin/merge.c:1207
 msgid "Squash commit into empty head not supported yet"
 msgstr "Stöder inte en tillplattningsincheckning på ett tomt huvud ännu"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1298
+#: builtin/merge.c:1209
 msgid "Non-fast-forward commit does not make sense into an empty head"
 msgstr "Icke-snabbspolad incheckning kan inte användas med ett tomt huvud"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1413
+#: builtin/merge.c:1265
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has an untrusted GPG signature, allegedly by %s."
+msgstr ""
+"Incheckningen %s har en obetrodd GPG-signatur som påstås vara gjord av %s."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1268
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a bad GPG signature allegedly by %s."
+msgstr ""
+"Incheckningen %s har en felaktig GPG-signatur som påstås vara gjord av %s."
+
+#. 'N'
+#: builtin/merge.c:1271
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have a GPG signature."
+msgstr "Incheckning %s har inte någon GPG-signatur."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1274
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a good GPG signature by %s\n"
+msgstr "Incheckningen %s har en korrekt GPG-signatur av %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1358
 #, c-format
 msgid "Updating %s..%s\n"
 msgstr "Uppdaterar %s..%s\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1451
+#: builtin/merge.c:1397
 #, c-format
 msgid "Trying really trivial in-index merge...\n"
 msgstr "Försöker riktigt enkel sammanslagning i indexet...\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1458
+#: builtin/merge.c:1404
 #, c-format
 msgid "Nope.\n"
 msgstr "Nej.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1490
+#: builtin/merge.c:1436
 msgid "Not possible to fast-forward, aborting."
 msgstr "Kan inte snabbspola, avbryter."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1513 builtin/merge.c:1592
+#: builtin/merge.c:1459 builtin/merge.c:1538
 #, c-format
 msgid "Rewinding the tree to pristine...\n"
 msgstr "Återspolar trädet till orört...\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1517
+#: builtin/merge.c:1463
 #, c-format
 msgid "Trying merge strategy %s...\n"
 msgstr "Försöker sammanslagninsstrategin %s...\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1583
+#: builtin/merge.c:1529
 #, c-format
 msgid "No merge strategy handled the merge.\n"
 msgstr "Ingen sammanslagningsstrategi hanterade sammanslagningen.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1585
+#: builtin/merge.c:1531
 #, c-format
 msgid "Merge with strategy %s failed.\n"
-msgstr "Sammanslaning med strategin %s misslyckades.\n"
+msgstr "Sammanslagning med strategin %s misslyckades.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1594
+#: builtin/merge.c:1540
 #, c-format
 msgid "Using the %s to prepare resolving by hand.\n"
 msgstr "Använder %s för att förbereda lösning för hand.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1606
+#: builtin/merge.c:1552
 #, c-format
 msgid "Automatic merge went well; stopped before committing as requested\n"
 msgstr ""
 "Automatisk sammanslagning lyckades; stoppar före incheckning som önskat\n"
 
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:26
+msgid "git merge-base [-a|--all] <commit> <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a|--all] <incheckning> <incheckning>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:27
+msgid "git merge-base [-a|--all] --octopus <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a|--all] --octopus <incheckning>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:28
+msgid "git merge-base --independent <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base --independent <incheckning>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:29
+msgid "git merge-base --is-ancestor <commit> <commit>"
+msgstr "git merge-base --is-ancestor <incheckning> <incheckning>"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:98
+msgid "output all common ancestors"
+msgstr "skriv ut alla gemensamma anfäder"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:99
+msgid "find ancestors for a single n-way merge"
+msgstr "hitta anfader för enkel n-vägssammanslagning"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:100
+msgid "list revs not reachable from others"
+msgstr "visa revisioner som inte kan nås från andra"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:102
+msgid "is the first one ancestor of the other?"
+msgstr "är den första anfader till den andra?"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:8
+msgid ""
+"git merge-file [options] [-L name1 [-L orig [-L name2]]] file1 orig_file "
+"file2"
+msgstr ""
+"git merge-file [alternativ] [-L namn1 [-L orig [-L namn2]]] fil1 origfil fil2"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:33
+msgid "send results to standard output"
+msgstr "sänd resultat till standard ut"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:34
+msgid "use a diff3 based merge"
+msgstr "använd diff3-baserad sammanslagning"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:35
+msgid "for conflicts, use our version"
+msgstr "för konflikter, använd vår version"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:37
+msgid "for conflicts, use their version"
+msgstr "för konflikter, använd deras version"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:39
+msgid "for conflicts, use a union version"
+msgstr "för konflikter, använd en förenad version"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:42
+msgid "for conflicts, use this marker size"
+msgstr "för konflikter, använd denna markörstorlek"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:43
+msgid "do not warn about conflicts"
+msgstr "varna inte om konflikter"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:45
+msgid "set labels for file1/orig_file/file2"
+msgstr "sätt etiketter för fil1/origfil/fil2"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:67
+msgid "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
+msgstr "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:153
+msgid "input is NUL terminated"
+msgstr "indata är NUL-terminerad"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:154 builtin/write-tree.c:24
+msgid "allow missing objects"
+msgstr "tillåt saknade objekt"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:155
+msgid "allow creation of more than one tree"
+msgstr "tillåt skapa mer än ett träd"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:14
+msgid "git mv [options] <source>... <destination>"
+msgstr "git mv [flaggor] <källa>... <mål>"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:64
+msgid "force move/rename even if target exists"
+msgstr "tvinga flytta/ändra namn även om målet finns"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:65
+msgid "skip move/rename errors"
+msgstr "hoppa över fel vid flytt/namnändring"
+
 #: builtin/mv.c:108
 #, c-format
 msgid "Checking rename of '%s' to '%s'\n"
@@ -2638,119 +6644,287 @@
 msgid "Renaming %s to %s\n"
 msgstr "Byter namn på %s till %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:215
+#: builtin/mv.c:215 builtin/remote.c:731
 #, c-format
 msgid "renaming '%s' failed"
 msgstr "misslyckades byta namn på \"%s\""
 
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:175
+msgid "git name-rev [options] <commit>..."
+msgstr "git name-rev [flaggor] <incheckning>..."
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:176
+msgid "git name-rev [options] --all"
+msgstr "git name-rev [flaggor] --all"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:177
+msgid "git name-rev [options] --stdin"
+msgstr "git name-rev [flaggor] --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:229
+msgid "print only names (no SHA-1)"
+msgstr "skriv endast namn (ingen SHA-1)"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:230
+msgid "only use tags to name the commits"
+msgstr "använd endast taggar för att namnge incheckningar"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:232
+msgid "only use refs matching <pattern>"
+msgstr "använd endast referenser som motsvarar <mönster>"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:234
+msgid "list all commits reachable from all refs"
+msgstr "lista alla incheckningar som kan nås alla referenser"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:235
+msgid "read from stdin"
+msgstr "läs från standard in"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:236
+msgid "allow to print `undefined` names"
+msgstr "tillåt att skriva \"odefinierade\" namn"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:26
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <anteckningsref>] [list [<objekt>]]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:27
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] add [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file> | (-c | -C) "
+"<object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <anteckningsref>] add [-f] [-m <medd> | -F <fil> | (-c | -"
+"C) <objekt>] [<objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:28
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] copy [-f] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <anteckningsref>] copy [-f] <från-objekt> <till-objekt>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:29
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] append [-m <msg> | -F <file> | (-c | -C) "
+"<object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <anteckningsref>] append [-m <medd> | -F <fil> | (-c | -C) "
+"<objekt>] [<objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:30
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] edit [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <anteckningsref>] edit [<objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:31
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] show [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <anteckningsref>] show [<objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:32
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy> ] <notes_ref>"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <anteckningsref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategi> ] "
+"<anteckningsref>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:33
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:34
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:35
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] remove [<object>...]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <anteckningsref>] remove [<objekt>...]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:36
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] prune [-n | -v]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <anteckningsref>] prune [-n | -v]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:37
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] get-ref"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <anteckningsref>] get-ref"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:42
+msgid "git notes [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git notes [list [<objekt>]]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:47
+msgid "git notes add [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes add [<flaggor>] [<objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:52
+msgid "git notes copy [<options>] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr "git notes copy [<flaggor>] <från-objekt> <till-objekt>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:53
+msgid "git notes copy --stdin [<from-object> <to-object>]..."
+msgstr "git notes copy --stdin [<från-objekt> <till-objekt>]..."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:58
+msgid "git notes append [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes append [<flaggor>] [<objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:63
+msgid "git notes edit [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes edit [<objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:68
+msgid "git notes show [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes show [<objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:73
+msgid "git notes merge [<options>] <notes_ref>"
+msgstr "git notes merge [<flaggor>] <anteckningsref>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:74
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --commit [<flaggor>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:75
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --abort [<flaggor>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:80
+msgid "git notes remove [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes remove [<objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:85
+msgid "git notes prune [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes prune [<flaggor>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:90
+msgid "git notes get-ref"
+msgstr "git notes get-ref"
+
 #: builtin/notes.c:139
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to start 'show' for object '%s'"
 msgstr "kunde inte starta \"show\" för objektet \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:145
-msgid "can't fdopen 'show' output fd"
-msgstr "kunde inte öppna (fdopen) \"show\"-utdata-filhandtag"
+#: builtin/notes.c:143
+msgid "could not read 'show' output"
+msgstr "kunde inte läsa utdata från \"show\""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:155
-#, c-format
-msgid "failed to close pipe to 'show' for object '%s'"
-msgstr "kunde inte stänga röret till \"show\" för objektet \"%s\""
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:158
+#: builtin/notes.c:151
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to finish 'show' for object '%s'"
 msgstr "kunde inte avsluta \"show\" för objektet \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:175 builtin/tag.c:343
+#: builtin/notes.c:169 builtin/tag.c:341
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create file '%s'"
 msgstr "kunde inte skapa filen \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:189
+#: builtin/notes.c:188
 msgid "Please supply the note contents using either -m or -F option"
 msgstr "Ange innehåll för anteckningen med antingen -m eller -F"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:210 builtin/notes.c:973
+#: builtin/notes.c:209 builtin/notes.c:972
 #, c-format
 msgid "Removing note for object %s\n"
 msgstr "Tar bort anteckning för objektet %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:215
+#: builtin/notes.c:214
 msgid "unable to write note object"
 msgstr "kunde inte skriva anteckningsobjekt"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:217
+#: builtin/notes.c:216
 #, c-format
 msgid "The note contents has been left in %s"
 msgstr "Anteckningens innehåll har lämnats kvar i %s"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:251 builtin/tag.c:521
+#: builtin/notes.c:250 builtin/tag.c:540
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read '%s'"
 msgstr "kunde inte läsa \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:253 builtin/tag.c:524
+#: builtin/notes.c:252 builtin/tag.c:543
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not open or read '%s'"
 msgstr "kunde inte öppna eller läsa \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:272 builtin/notes.c:445 builtin/notes.c:447
-#: builtin/notes.c:507 builtin/notes.c:561 builtin/notes.c:644
-#: builtin/notes.c:649 builtin/notes.c:724 builtin/notes.c:766
-#: builtin/notes.c:968 builtin/reset.c:293 builtin/tag.c:537
+#: builtin/notes.c:271 builtin/notes.c:444 builtin/notes.c:446
+#: builtin/notes.c:506 builtin/notes.c:560 builtin/notes.c:643
+#: builtin/notes.c:648 builtin/notes.c:723 builtin/notes.c:765
+#: builtin/notes.c:967 builtin/tag.c:556
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."
 msgstr "Kunde inte slå upp \"%s\" som en giltig referens."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:275
+#: builtin/notes.c:274
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to read object '%s'."
 msgstr "Kunde inte läsa objektet \"%s\"."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:299
+#: builtin/notes.c:298
 msgid "Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"
 msgstr "Kan inte checka in oinitierat/orefererat anteckningsträd"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:340
+#: builtin/notes.c:339
 #, c-format
 msgid "Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"
 msgstr "Felaktigt värde för notes.rewriteMode: '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:350
+#: builtin/notes.c:349
 #, c-format
 msgid "Refusing to rewrite notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
 msgstr "Vägrar skriva över anteckningar i %s (utanför refs/notes/)"
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
 #. environment variable, the second %s is its value
-#: builtin/notes.c:377
+#: builtin/notes.c:376
 #, c-format
 msgid "Bad %s value: '%s'"
 msgstr "Felaktigt värde på %s: \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:441
+#: builtin/notes.c:440
 #, c-format
 msgid "Malformed input line: '%s'."
 msgstr "Felaktig indatarad: \"%s\"."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:456
+#: builtin/notes.c:455
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to copy notes from '%s' to '%s'"
 msgstr "Misslyckades kopiera anteckningar från \"%s\" till \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:500 builtin/notes.c:554 builtin/notes.c:627
-#: builtin/notes.c:639 builtin/notes.c:712 builtin/notes.c:759
-#: builtin/notes.c:1033
+#: builtin/notes.c:499 builtin/notes.c:553 builtin/notes.c:626
+#: builtin/notes.c:638 builtin/notes.c:711 builtin/notes.c:758
+#: builtin/notes.c:1032
 msgid "too many parameters"
 msgstr "för många parametrar"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:513 builtin/notes.c:772
+#: builtin/notes.c:512 builtin/notes.c:771
 #, c-format
 msgid "No note found for object %s."
 msgstr "Inga anteckningar hittades för objektet %s."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:580
+#: builtin/notes.c:534 builtin/notes.c:691
+msgid "note contents as a string"
+msgstr "anteckningsinnehåll som sträng"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:537 builtin/notes.c:694
+msgid "note contents in a file"
+msgstr "anteckningsinnehåll i en fil"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:539 builtin/notes.c:542 builtin/notes.c:696
+#: builtin/notes.c:699 builtin/tag.c:474
+msgid "object"
+msgstr "objekt"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:540 builtin/notes.c:697
+msgid "reuse and edit specified note object"
+msgstr "återanvänd och redigera angivet anteckningsobjekt"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:543 builtin/notes.c:700
+msgid "reuse specified note object"
+msgstr "återanvänd angivet anteckningsobjekt"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:545 builtin/notes.c:613
+msgid "replace existing notes"
+msgstr "ersätt befintliga anteckningar"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:579
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Cannot add notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
@@ -2759,16 +6933,24 @@
 "Kan inte lägga till anteckningar. Hittade befintliga anteckningar för "
 "objektet %s. Använd \"-f\" för att skriva över befintliga anteckningar"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:585 builtin/notes.c:662
+#: builtin/notes.c:584 builtin/notes.c:661
 #, c-format
 msgid "Overwriting existing notes for object %s\n"
 msgstr "Skriver över befintliga anteckningar för objektet %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:635
+#: builtin/notes.c:614
+msgid "read objects from stdin"
+msgstr "läs objekt från standard in"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:616
+msgid "load rewriting config for <command> (implies --stdin)"
+msgstr "läs omskrivningsinställning för <kommando> (implicerar --stdin)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:634
 msgid "too few parameters"
 msgstr "för få parametrar"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:656
+#: builtin/notes.c:655
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Cannot copy notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
@@ -2777,12 +6959,12 @@
 "Kan inte kopiera anteckningar. Hittade befintliga anteckningar för objektet "
 "%s. Använd \"-f\" för att skriva över befintliga anteckningar"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:668
+#: builtin/notes.c:667
 #, c-format
 msgid "Missing notes on source object %s. Cannot copy."
 msgstr "Anteckningar på källobjektet %s saknas. Kan inte kopiera."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:717
+#: builtin/notes.c:716
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The -m/-F/-c/-C options have been deprecated for the 'edit' subcommand.\n"
@@ -2791,36 +6973,255 @@
 "Flaggorna -m/-F/-c/-C rekommenderas inte för underkommandot \"edit\".\n"
 "Använd \"git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C\" istället.\n"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:971
+#: builtin/notes.c:863
+msgid "General options"
+msgstr "Allmänna flaggor"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:865
+msgid "Merge options"
+msgstr "Flaggor för sammanslagning"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:867
+msgid ""
+"resolve notes conflicts using the given strategy (manual/ours/theirs/union/"
+"cat_sort_uniq)"
+msgstr ""
+"läs konflikter i anteckningar med angiven strategi (manual/ours/theirs/union/"
+"cat_sort_uniq)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:869
+msgid "Committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr "Checkar in ej sammanslagna anteckningar"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:871
+msgid "finalize notes merge by committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr ""
+"färdigställ sammanslagning av anteckningar genom att checka in ej "
+"sammanslagna anteckningar"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:873
+msgid "Aborting notes merge resolution"
+msgstr "Avbryt lösning av sammanslagning av anteckningar"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:875
+msgid "abort notes merge"
+msgstr "avbryt sammanslagning av anteckningar"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:970
 #, c-format
 msgid "Object %s has no note\n"
 msgstr "Objektet %s har ingen anteckning\n"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:1103
+#: builtin/notes.c:982
+msgid "attempt to remove non-existent note is not an error"
+msgstr "försök att ta bort icke-existerande anteckningar är inte ett fel"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:985
+msgid "read object names from the standard input"
+msgstr "läs objektnamn från standard in"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:1066
+msgid "notes_ref"
+msgstr "anteckningar-ref"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:1067
+msgid "use notes from <notes_ref>"
+msgstr "använd anteckningar från <anteckningsref>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:1102 builtin/remote.c:1598
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown subcommand: %s"
 msgstr "Okänt underkommando: %s"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2315
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:23
+msgid "git pack-objects --stdout [options...] [< ref-list | < object-list]"
+msgstr "git pack-objects --stdout [flaggor...] [< reflista | < objektlista]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:24
+msgid "git pack-objects [options...] base-name [< ref-list | < object-list]"
+msgstr "git pack-objects [flaggor...] basnamn [< reflista | < objektlista]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:183 builtin/pack-objects.c:186
+#, c-format
+msgid "deflate error (%d)"
+msgstr "fel i deflate (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2397
 #, c-format
 msgid "unsupported index version %s"
 msgstr "indexversionen %s stöds ej"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2319
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2401
 #, c-format
 msgid "bad index version '%s'"
 msgstr "felaktig indexversion \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2342
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2424
 #, c-format
 msgid "option %s does not accept negative form"
 msgstr "flaggan %s godtar inte negativ form"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2346
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2428
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to parse value '%s' for option %s"
 msgstr "kunde inte tolka värdet \"%s\" för flaggan %s"
 
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2447
+msgid "do not show progress meter"
+msgstr "visa inte förloppsindikator"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2449
+msgid "show progress meter"
+msgstr "visa förloppsindikator"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2451
+msgid "show progress meter during object writing phase"
+msgstr "visa förloppsindikator under objektskrivningsfasen"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2454
+msgid "similar to --all-progress when progress meter is shown"
+msgstr "som --all-progress när förloppsmätaren visas"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2455
+msgid "version[,offset]"
+msgstr "version[,offset]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2456
+msgid "write the pack index file in the specified idx format version"
+msgstr "skriv paketindexfilen i angiven indexformatversion"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2459
+msgid "maximum size of each output pack file"
+msgstr "maximal storlek på varje utdatapaketfil"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2461
+msgid "ignore borrowed objects from alternate object store"
+msgstr "ignorera lånade objekt från alternativa objektlager"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2463
+msgid "ignore packed objects"
+msgstr "ignorera packade objekt"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2465
+msgid "limit pack window by objects"
+msgstr "begränsa paketfönster efter objekt"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2467
+msgid "limit pack window by memory in addition to object limit"
+msgstr "begränsa paketfönster efter minne förutom objektgräns"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2469
+msgid "maximum length of delta chain allowed in the resulting pack"
+msgstr "maximal längd på deltakedja tillåten i slutligt paket"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2471
+msgid "reuse existing deltas"
+msgstr "återanvänd befintliga delta"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2473
+msgid "reuse existing objects"
+msgstr "återanvänd befintliga objekt"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2475
+msgid "use OFS_DELTA objects"
+msgstr "använd OFS_DELTA-objekt"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2477
+msgid "use threads when searching for best delta matches"
+msgstr "använd trådar vid sökning efter bästa deltaträffar"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2479
+msgid "do not create an empty pack output"
+msgstr "försök inte skapa tom paketutdata"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2481
+msgid "read revision arguments from standard input"
+msgstr "läs revisionsargument från standard in"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2483
+msgid "limit the objects to those that are not yet packed"
+msgstr "begränsa objekt till de som ännu inte packats"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2486
+msgid "include objects reachable from any reference"
+msgstr "inkludera objekt som kan nås från någon referens"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2489
+msgid "include objects referred by reflog entries"
+msgstr "inkludera objekt som refereras från referensloggposter"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2492
+msgid "output pack to stdout"
+msgstr "skriv paket på standard ut"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2494
+msgid "include tag objects that refer to objects to be packed"
+msgstr "inkludera taggobjekt som refererar objekt som skall packas"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2496
+msgid "keep unreachable objects"
+msgstr "behåll onåbara objekt"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2497 parse-options.h:141
+msgid "time"
+msgstr "tid"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2498
+msgid "unpack unreachable objects newer than <time>"
+msgstr "packa upp onåbara objekt nyare än <tid>"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2501
+msgid "create thin packs"
+msgstr "skapa tunna paket"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2503
+msgid "ignore packs that have companion .keep file"
+msgstr "ignorera paket som har tillhörande .keep-fil"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2505
+msgid "pack compression level"
+msgstr "komprimeringsgrad för paket"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2507
+msgid "do not hide commits by grafts"
+msgstr "göm inte incheckningar med ympningar (\"grafts\")"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:6
+msgid "git pack-refs [options]"
+msgstr "git pack-refs [flaggor]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:14
+msgid "pack everything"
+msgstr "packa allt"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:15
+msgid "prune loose refs (default)"
+msgstr "ta bort lösa referenser (standard)"
+
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:7
+msgid "git prune-packed [-n|--dry-run] [-q|--quiet]"
+msgstr "git prune-packed [-n|--dry-run] [-q|--quiet]"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:12
+msgid "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <time>] [--] [<head>...]"
+msgstr "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <tid>] [--] [<huvud>...]"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:132
+msgid "do not remove, show only"
+msgstr "ta inte bort, bara visa"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:133
+msgid "report pruned objects"
+msgstr "rapportera borttagna objekt"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:136
+msgid "expire objects older than <time>"
+msgstr "låt tid gå ut för objekt äldre än <tid>"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:14
+msgid "git push [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git push [<flaggor>] [<arkiv> [<refspec>...]]"
+
 #: builtin/push.c:45
 msgid "tag shorthand without <tag>"
 msgstr "taggförkortning utan <tagg>"
@@ -2829,7 +7230,41 @@
 msgid "--delete only accepts plain target ref names"
 msgstr "--delete godtar endast enkla målreferensnamn"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:84
+#: builtin/push.c:99
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"To choose either option permanently, see push.default in 'git help config'."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"För att välja ett av alternativen permanent, se push.default i \"git help "
+"config\"."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:102
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The upstream branch of your current branch does not match\n"
+"the name of your current branch.  To push to the upstream branch\n"
+"on the remote, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:%s\n"
+"\n"
+"To push to the branch of the same name on the remote, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s %s\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Uppströmsgrenen för din nuvarande gren stämmer inte överens\n"
+"med namnet på din aktuella gren. För att sända till uppströmsgrenen\n"
+"i fjärrarkivet använder du\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:%s\n"
+"\n"
+"För att sända till grenen med samma namn i fjärrarkivet använder du\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s %s\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:121
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "You are not currently on a branch.\n"
@@ -2844,7 +7279,7 @@
 "\n"
 "    git push %s HEAD:<namn-på-fjärrgren>\n"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:91
+#: builtin/push.c:128
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The current branch %s has no upstream branch.\n"
@@ -2857,12 +7292,12 @@
 "\n"
 "    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:99
+#: builtin/push.c:136
 #, c-format
 msgid "The current branch %s has multiple upstream branches, refusing to push."
 msgstr "Den aktuella grenen %s har flera uppströmsgrenar, vägrar sända."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:102
+#: builtin/push.c:139
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "You are pushing to remote '%s', which is not the upstream of\n"
@@ -2873,14 +7308,48 @@
 "aktuella grenen \"%s\", utan att tala om för mig vad som\n"
 "skall sändas för att uppdatera fjärrgrenen."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:131
+#: builtin/push.c:151
+msgid ""
+"push.default is unset; its implicit value is changing in\n"
+"Git 2.0 from 'matching' to 'simple'. To squelch this message\n"
+"and maintain the current behavior after the default changes, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default matching\n"
+"\n"
+"To squelch this message and adopt the new behavior now, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default simple\n"
+"\n"
+"See 'git help config' and search for 'push.default' for further "
+"information.\n"
+"(the 'simple' mode was introduced in Git 1.7.11. Use the similar mode\n"
+"'current' instead of 'simple' if you sometimes use older versions of Git)"
+msgstr ""
+"push.default har inte ställts in; dess underförstådda värde\n"
+"ändras i Git 2.0 från \"matching\" till \"simple\". För att\n"
+"undertrycka det här meddelandet och behålla nuvarande beteende\n"
+"efter att förvalet ändras,\n"
+"skriver du:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default matching\n"
+"\n"
+"För att undertrycka meddelandet och välja det nya beteendet nu skriver du:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default simple\n"
+"\n"
+"Se \"git help config\" och sök efter \"push.default\" för ytterligare \n"
+"information. (Läget \"simple\" introducerades i Git 1.7.11. Använd det\n"
+"liknande läget \"current\" istället för \"simple\" om du ibland använder\n"
+"äldre versioner av Git.)"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:199
 msgid ""
 "You didn't specify any refspecs to push, and push.default is \"nothing\"."
 msgstr ""
 "Du angav inga referensspecifikationer att sända, och push.default är "
 "\"nothing\"."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:138
+#: builtin/push.c:206
 msgid ""
 "Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind\n"
 "its remote counterpart. Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull')\n"
@@ -2892,20 +7361,21 @@
 "innan du sänder igen.\n"
 "Se avsnittet \"Note about fast-forward\" i \"git push --help\" för detaljer."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:144
+#: builtin/push.c:212
 msgid ""
 "Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
 "counterpart. If you did not intend to push that branch, you may want to\n"
-"specify branches to push or set the 'push.default' configuration\n"
-"variable to 'current' or 'upstream' to push only the current branch."
+"specify branches to push or set the 'push.default' configuration variable\n"
+"to 'simple', 'current' or 'upstream' to push only the current branch."
 msgstr ""
 "Uppdateringar avvisades då änden på en insänd gren är bakom dess\n"
 "fjärrmotsvarighet. Om det inte var meningen att sända in grenen, bör\n"
 "du specificera grenar att sända, eller ändra inställningsvariabeln\n"
-"\"push-default\" till \"current\" eller \"upstream\" för att endast sända\n"
-"aktuell gren."
+"\"push-default\" till \"simple\", \"current\" eller \"upstream\" för att "
+"endast\n"
+"sända aktuell gren."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:150
+#: builtin/push.c:218
 msgid ""
 "Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
 "counterpart. Check out this branch and merge the remote changes\n"
@@ -2917,22 +7387,51 @@
 "\"git pull\") innan du sänder igen.\n"
 "Se avsnittet \"Note about fast-forward\" i \"git push --help\" för detaljer."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:190
+#: builtin/push.c:224
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do\n"
+"not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing\n"
+"to the same ref. You may want to first merge the remote changes (e.g.,\n"
+"'git pull') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"Uppdateringar avvisades då fjärren innehåller ändringar som du inte\n"
+"har lokalt. Det beror oftast på att ett annat arkiv har sänt in samma\n"
+"referenser. Det kan vara en idé att först slå ihop fjärrändringarna\n"
+"(t.ex. \"git pull\") innan du sänder igen.\n"
+"Se avsnittet \"Note about fast-forwards\" i \"git push --help\" för detaljer."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:231
+msgid "Updates were rejected because the tag already exists in the remote."
+msgstr "Uppdateringarna avvisades eftersom taggen redan finns på fjärren."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:234
+msgid ""
+"You cannot update a remote ref that points at a non-commit object,\n"
+"or update a remote ref to make it point at a non-commit object,\n"
+"without using the '--force' option.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Du kan inte uppdatera en fjärr-referens som pekar på ett objekt som\n"
+"inte är en incheckning, eller uppdatera en fjärr-referens så att den\n"
+"pekar på något som inte är en incheckning, utan att använda flaggan\n"
+"\"--force\".\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:294
 #, c-format
 msgid "Pushing to %s\n"
 msgstr "Sänder till %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:194
+#: builtin/push.c:298
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to push some refs to '%s'"
 msgstr "misslyckades sända vissa referenser till \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:226
+#: builtin/push.c:331
 #, c-format
 msgid "bad repository '%s'"
 msgstr "felaktigt arkiv \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:227
+#: builtin/push.c:332
 msgid ""
 "No configured push destination.\n"
 "Either specify the URL from the command-line or configure a remote "
@@ -2953,34 +7452,704 @@
 "\n"
 "    git push <namn>\n"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:242
+#: builtin/push.c:347
 msgid "--all and --tags are incompatible"
 msgstr "--all och --tags är inkompatibla"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:243
+#: builtin/push.c:348
 msgid "--all can't be combined with refspecs"
 msgstr "--all kan inte kombineras med referensspecifikationer"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:248
+#: builtin/push.c:353
 msgid "--mirror and --tags are incompatible"
 msgstr "--mirror och --tags är inkompatibla"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:249
+#: builtin/push.c:354
 msgid "--mirror can't be combined with refspecs"
 msgstr "--mirror kan inte kombineras med referensspecifikationer"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:254
+#: builtin/push.c:359
 msgid "--all and --mirror are incompatible"
 msgstr "--all och --mirror är inkompatibla"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:334
+#: builtin/push.c:419
+msgid "repository"
+msgstr "arkiv"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:420
+msgid "push all refs"
+msgstr "sänd alla referenser"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:421
+msgid "mirror all refs"
+msgstr "spegla alla referenser"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:423
+msgid "delete refs"
+msgstr "ta bort referenser"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:424
+msgid "push tags (can't be used with --all or --mirror)"
+msgstr "sänd taggar (kan inte användas med --all eller --mirror)"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:427
+msgid "force updates"
+msgstr "tvinga uppdateringar"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:428
+msgid "check"
+msgstr "kontrollera"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:429
+msgid "control recursive pushing of submodules"
+msgstr "styr rekursiv insändning av undermoduler"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:431
+msgid "use thin pack"
+msgstr "använd tunna paket"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:432 builtin/push.c:433
+msgid "receive pack program"
+msgstr "program för att ta emot paket"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:434
+msgid "set upstream for git pull/status"
+msgstr "ställ in uppström för git pull/status"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:437
+msgid "prune locally removed refs"
+msgstr "ta bort lokalt borttagna referenser"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:439
+msgid "bypass pre-push hook"
+msgstr "förbigå pre-push-krok"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:440
+msgid "push missing but relevant tags"
+msgstr "sänd in saknade men relevanta taggar"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:450
 msgid "--delete is incompatible with --all, --mirror and --tags"
 msgstr "--delete är imkompatibel med --all, --mirror och --tags"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:336
+#: builtin/push.c:452
 msgid "--delete doesn't make sense without any refs"
 msgstr "--delete kan inte användas utan referenser"
 
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:36
+msgid ""
+"git read-tree [[-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<prefix>] "
+"[-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--"
+"index-output=<file>] (--empty | <tree-ish1> [<tree-ish2> [<tree-ish3>]])"
+msgstr ""
+"git read-tree [[-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<prefix>] "
+"[-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--"
+"index-output=<fil>] (--empty | <träd-igt1> [<träd-igt2> [<träd-igt3>]])"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:108
+msgid "write resulting index to <file>"
+msgstr "skriv resulterande index till <fil>"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:111
+msgid "only empty the index"
+msgstr "töm bara indexet"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:113
+msgid "Merging"
+msgstr "Sammanslagning"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:115
+msgid "perform a merge in addition to a read"
+msgstr "utför en sammanslagning i tillägg till en läsning"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:117
+msgid "3-way merge if no file level merging required"
+msgstr "3-vägssammanslagning om sammanslagning på filnivå ej krävs"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:119
+msgid "3-way merge in presence of adds and removes"
+msgstr "3-vägssammanslagning när det finns tillägg och borttagningar"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:121
+msgid "same as -m, but discard unmerged entries"
+msgstr "som -m, men kasta bort ej sammanslagna poster"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:122
+msgid "<subdirectory>/"
+msgstr "<underkatalog>/"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:123
+msgid "read the tree into the index under <subdirectory>/"
+msgstr "läs in trädet i indexet under <underkatalog>/"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:126
+msgid "update working tree with merge result"
+msgstr "uppdatera arbetskatalogen med resultatet från sammanslagningen"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:128
+msgid "gitignore"
+msgstr "gitignore"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:129
+msgid "allow explicitly ignored files to be overwritten"
+msgstr "tillåt explicit ignorerade filer att skrivas över"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:132
+msgid "don't check the working tree after merging"
+msgstr "kontrollera inte arbetskatalogen efter sammanslagning"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:133
+msgid "don't update the index or the work tree"
+msgstr "uppdatera inte indexet eller arbetskatalogen"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:135
+msgid "skip applying sparse checkout filter"
+msgstr "hoppa över att applicera filter för gles utcheckning"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:137
+msgid "debug unpack-trees"
+msgstr "felsök unpack-trees"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:11
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:12
+msgid ""
+"git remote add [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags|--no-tags] [--"
+"mirror=<fetch|push>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr ""
+"git remote add [-t <gren>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags|--no-tags] [--"
+"mirror=<fetch|push>] <namn> <url>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:13 builtin/remote.c:32
+msgid "git remote rename <old> <new>"
+msgstr "git remote rename <gammal> <ny>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:14 builtin/remote.c:37
+msgid "git remote remove <name>"
+msgstr "git remote remove <namn>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:15 builtin/remote.c:42
+msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | -d | <branch>)"
+msgstr "git remote set-head <namn> (-a | -d | <gren>)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:16
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <namn>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:17
+msgid "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <namn>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:18
+msgid ""
+"git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<group> | <remote>)...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<grupp> | <fjärr>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:19
+msgid "git remote set-branches [--add] <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches [--add] <namn> <gren>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:20 builtin/remote.c:68
+msgid "git remote set-url [--push] <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>]"
+msgstr "git remote set-url [--push] <namn> <nyurl> [<gammalurl>]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:21 builtin/remote.c:69
+msgid "git remote set-url --add <name> <newurl>"
+msgstr "git remote set-url --add <namn> <nyurl>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:22 builtin/remote.c:70
+msgid "git remote set-url --delete <name> <url>"
+msgstr "git remote set-url --delete <namn> <url>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:27
+msgid "git remote add [<options>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr "git remote add [<flaggor>] <namn> <url>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:47
+msgid "git remote set-branches <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches <namn> <gren>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:48
+msgid "git remote set-branches --add <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches --add <namn> <gren>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:53
+msgid "git remote show [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote show [<flaggor>] <namn>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:58
+msgid "git remote prune [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote prune [<flaggor>] <namn>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:63
+msgid "git remote update [<options>] [<group> | <remote>]..."
+msgstr "git remote update [<flaggor>] [<grupp> | <fjärr>]..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:98
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updating %s"
+msgstr "Uppdaterar %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:130
+msgid ""
+"--mirror is dangerous and deprecated; please\n"
+"\t use --mirror=fetch or --mirror=push instead"
+msgstr ""
+"--mirror är farlig och föråldrad; använd\n"
+"\t --mirror=fetch eller --mirror=push istället"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:147
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown mirror argument: %s"
+msgstr "okänt argument till mirror: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:163
+msgid "fetch the remote branches"
+msgstr "hämta fjärrgrenarna"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:165
+msgid "import all tags and associated objects when fetching"
+msgstr "importera alla taggar och associerade objekt vid hämtning"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:168
+msgid "or do not fetch any tag at all (--no-tags)"
+msgstr "eller hämta inte några taggar alls (--no-tags)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:170
+msgid "branch(es) to track"
+msgstr "gren(ar) att spåra"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:171
+msgid "master branch"
+msgstr "huvudgren"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:172
+msgid "push|fetch"
+msgstr "push|fetch"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:173
+msgid "set up remote as a mirror to push to or fetch from"
+msgstr "ställ in arkiv som spegel att sända eller ta emot från"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:185
+msgid "specifying a master branch makes no sense with --mirror"
+msgstr "att ange en master-gren ger ingen mening med --mirror"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:187
+msgid "specifying branches to track makes sense only with fetch mirrors"
+msgstr "att ange grenar att spåra ger mening bara med hämtningsspeglar"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:195 builtin/remote.c:646
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote %s already exists."
+msgstr "fjärrarkivet %s finns redan."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:199 builtin/remote.c:650
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid remote name"
+msgstr "\"%s\" är inte ett giltigt namn på fjärrarkiv"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:243
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not setup master '%s'"
+msgstr "Kunde inte skapa master \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:299
+#, c-format
+msgid "more than one %s"
+msgstr "mer än en %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:339
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not get fetch map for refspec %s"
+msgstr "Kunde inte hämta mappning för referensspecifikation %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:440 builtin/remote.c:448
+msgid "(matching)"
+msgstr "(matchande)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:452
+msgid "(delete)"
+msgstr "(ta bort)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:595 builtin/remote.c:601 builtin/remote.c:607
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not append '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "Kunde inte tillämpa \"%s\" på \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:639 builtin/remote.c:792 builtin/remote.c:890
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote: %s"
+msgstr "Inget sådant fjärrarkiv: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:656
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not rename config section '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "Kunde inte byta namn på konfigurationssektionen \"%s\" till \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:662 builtin/remote.c:799
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove config section '%s'"
+msgstr "Kunde inte ta bort konfigurationssektionen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:677
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Not updating non-default fetch refspec\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"\tPlease update the configuration manually if necessary."
+msgstr ""
+"Uppdaterar inte icke-standard hämtningsreferensspecifikation\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"\tUppdatera konfigurationen manuellt om nödvändigt."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:683
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not append '%s'"
+msgstr "Kunde inte lägga till på \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:694
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not set '%s'"
+msgstr "Kunde inte sätta \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:716
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleting '%s' failed"
+msgstr "misslyckades ta bort \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:750
+#, c-format
+msgid "creating '%s' failed"
+msgstr "misslyckades skapa \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:764
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove branch %s"
+msgstr "Kunde inte ta bort grenen %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:834
+msgid ""
+"Note: A branch outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy was not removed;\n"
+"to delete it, use:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Note: Some branches outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy were not removed;\n"
+"to delete them, use:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Observera: En gren utanför hierarkin refs/remotes/ togs inte bort;\n"
+"för att ta bort den, använd:"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Observera: Några grenar utanför hierarkin refs/remotes/ togs inte bort;\n"
+"för att ta bort dem, använd:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:943
+#, c-format
+msgid " new (next fetch will store in remotes/%s)"
+msgstr " ny (nästa hämtning sparar i remotes/%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:946
+msgid " tracked"
+msgstr " spårad"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:948
+msgid " stale (use 'git remote prune' to remove)"
+msgstr " förlegad (använd \"git remote prune\" för att ta bort)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:950
+msgid " ???"
+msgstr " ???"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:991
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid branch.%s.merge; cannot rebase onto > 1 branch"
+msgstr "ogiltig branch.%s.merge; kan inte ombasera över > 1 gren"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:998
+#, c-format
+msgid "rebases onto remote %s"
+msgstr "ombaseras på fjärren %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1001
+#, c-format
+msgid " merges with remote %s"
+msgstr " sammanslås med fjärren %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1002
+msgid "    and with remote"
+msgstr "    och med fjärren"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1004
+#, c-format
+msgid "merges with remote %s"
+msgstr "sammanslås med fjärren %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1005
+msgid "   and with remote"
+msgstr "   och med fjärren"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1051
+msgid "create"
+msgstr "skapa"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1054
+msgid "delete"
+msgstr "ta bort"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1058
+msgid "up to date"
+msgstr "àjour"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1061
+msgid "fast-forwardable"
+msgstr "kan snabbspolas"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1064
+msgid "local out of date"
+msgstr "lokal föråldrad"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1071
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s forces to %-*s (%s)"
+msgstr "    %-*s tvingar till %-*s (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1074
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s pushes to %-*s (%s)"
+msgstr "    %-*s sänder till %-*s (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1078
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s forces to %s"
+msgstr "    %-*s tvingar till %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1081
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s pushes to %s"
+msgstr "    %-*s sänder till %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1091
+msgid "do not query remotes"
+msgstr "fråga inte fjärrar"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1118
+#, c-format
+msgid "* remote %s"
+msgstr "* fjärr %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1119
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Fetch URL: %s"
+msgstr "  Hämt-URL: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1120 builtin/remote.c:1285
+msgid "(no URL)"
+msgstr "(ingen URL)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1129 builtin/remote.c:1131
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Push  URL: %s"
+msgstr "  Sänd-URL: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1133 builtin/remote.c:1135 builtin/remote.c:1137
+#, c-format
+msgid "  HEAD branch: %s"
+msgstr "  HEAD-gren: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1139
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"  HEAD branch (remote HEAD is ambiguous, may be one of the following):\n"
+msgstr "  HEAD-gren (HEAD på fjärr är tvetydig, kan vara en av följande):\n"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1151
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Remote branch:%s"
+msgid_plural "  Remote branches:%s"
+msgstr[0] "  Fjärrgren:%s"
+msgstr[1] "  Fjärrgrenar:%s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1154 builtin/remote.c:1181
+msgid " (status not queried)"
+msgstr " (status inte förfrågad)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1163
+msgid "  Local branch configured for 'git pull':"
+msgid_plural "  Local branches configured for 'git pull':"
+msgstr[0] "  Lokal gren konfigurerad för \"git pull\":"
+msgstr[1] "  Lokala grenar konfigurerade för \"git pull\":"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1171
+msgid "  Local refs will be mirrored by 'git push'"
+msgstr "  Lokala referenser speglas av \"git push\""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1178
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Local ref configured for 'git push'%s:"
+msgid_plural "  Local refs configured for 'git push'%s:"
+msgstr[0] "  Lokal referens konfigurerad för \"git push\"%s:"
+msgstr[1] "  Lokala referenser konfigurerade för \"git push\"%s:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1199
+msgid "set refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD according to remote"
+msgstr "sätt refs/remotes/<namn>/HEAD enligt fjärren"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1201
+msgid "delete refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD"
+msgstr "ta bort refs/remotes/<namn>/HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1216
+msgid "Cannot determine remote HEAD"
+msgstr "Kan inte bestämma HEAD på fjärren"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1218
+msgid "Multiple remote HEAD branches. Please choose one explicitly with:"
+msgstr "Flera HEAD-grenar på fjärren. Välj en explicit med:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1228
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not delete %s"
+msgstr "Kunde inte ta bort %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1236
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid ref: %s"
+msgstr "Inte en giltig referens: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1238
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not setup %s"
+msgstr "Kunde inte ställa in %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1274
+#, c-format
+msgid " %s will become dangling!"
+msgstr " %s kommer bli dinglande!"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1275
+#, c-format
+msgid " %s has become dangling!"
+msgstr " %s har blivit dinglande!"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1281
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pruning %s"
+msgstr "Rensar %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1282
+#, c-format
+msgid "URL: %s"
+msgstr "URL: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1295
+#, c-format
+msgid " * [would prune] %s"
+msgstr " * [skulle rensa] %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1298
+#, c-format
+msgid " * [pruned] %s"
+msgstr " * [rensad] %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1321
+msgid "prune remotes after fetching"
+msgstr "rensa fjärrar efter hämtning"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1387 builtin/remote.c:1461
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote '%s'"
+msgstr "Ingen sådan fjärr \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1407
+msgid "add branch"
+msgstr "lägg till gren"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1414
+msgid "no remote specified"
+msgstr "ingen fjärr angavs"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1436
+msgid "manipulate push URLs"
+msgstr "manipulera URL:ar för sändning"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1438
+msgid "add URL"
+msgstr "lägg till URL"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1440
+msgid "delete URLs"
+msgstr "ta bort URL:ar"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1447
+msgid "--add --delete doesn't make sense"
+msgstr "--add --delete ger ingen mening"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1487
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid old URL pattern: %s"
+msgstr "Felaktig gammalt URL-mönster: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1495
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such URL found: %s"
+msgstr "Ingen sådan URL hittades: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1497
+msgid "Will not delete all non-push URLs"
+msgstr "Kommer inte ta bort alla icke-sänd-URL:er"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1569
+msgid "be verbose; must be placed before a subcommand"
+msgstr "var pratsam; måste skrivas före ett underkommando"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:17
+msgid "git replace [-f] <object> <replacement>"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] <objekt> <ersättning>"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:18
+msgid "git replace -d <object>..."
+msgstr "git replace -d <objekt>..."
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:19
+msgid "git replace -l [<pattern>]"
+msgstr "git replace -l [<mönster>]"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:121
+msgid "list replace refs"
+msgstr "visa ersättningsreferenser"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:122
+msgid "delete replace refs"
+msgstr "ta bort ersättningsreferenser"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:123
+msgid "replace the ref if it exists"
+msgstr "ersätt referensen om den finns"
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:11
+msgid "git rerere [clear | forget path... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
+msgstr "git rerere [clear | forget path... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:56
+msgid "register clean resolutions in index"
+msgstr "registrera rena lösningar i indexet"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:25
+msgid ""
+"git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<incheckning>]"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:26
+msgid "git reset [-q] <tree-ish> [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr "git reset [-q] <träd-igt> [--] <sökvägar>..."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:27
+msgid "git reset --patch [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]"
+msgstr "git reset --patch [<träd-igt>] [--] [<sökvägar>...]"
+
 #: builtin/reset.c:33
 msgid "mixed"
 msgstr "blandad"
@@ -2994,91 +8163,234 @@
 msgstr "hård"
 
 #: builtin/reset.c:33
+msgid "merge"
+msgstr "sammanslagning"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:33
 msgid "keep"
 msgstr "behåll"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:77
+#: builtin/reset.c:73
 msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD."
 msgstr "Du har inte en giltig HEAD."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:79
+#: builtin/reset.c:75
 msgid "Failed to find tree of HEAD."
 msgstr "Kunde inte hitta träder för HEAD."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:85
+#: builtin/reset.c:81
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to find tree of %s."
 msgstr "Kunde inte hitta träder för %s."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:96
-msgid "Could not write new index file."
-msgstr "Kunde inte skriva ny indexfil."
-
-#: builtin/reset.c:106
+#: builtin/reset.c:98
 #, c-format
 msgid "HEAD is now at %s"
 msgstr "HEAD är nu på %s"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:130
-msgid "Could not read index"
-msgstr "Kunde inte läsa indexet"
-
-#: builtin/reset.c:133
-msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
-msgstr "Oköade ändringar efter återställning:"
-
-#: builtin/reset.c:223
+#: builtin/reset.c:169
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot do a %s reset in the middle of a merge."
 msgstr "Kan inte utföra en %s återställning mitt i en sammanslagning."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:297
+#: builtin/reset.c:248
+msgid "be quiet, only report errors"
+msgstr "var tyst, rapportera endast fel"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:250
+msgid "reset HEAD and index"
+msgstr "återställ HEAD och index"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:251
+msgid "reset only HEAD"
+msgstr "återställ endast HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:253 builtin/reset.c:255
+msgid "reset HEAD, index and working tree"
+msgstr "återställ HEAD, index och arbetskatalog"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:257
+msgid "reset HEAD but keep local changes"
+msgstr "återställ HEAD men behåll lokala ändringar"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:275
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid revision."
+msgstr "Kunde inte slå upp \"%s\" som en giltig revision."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:278 builtin/reset.c:286
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse object '%s'."
 msgstr "Kan inte tolka objektet \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:302
+#: builtin/reset.c:283
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid tree."
+msgstr "Kunde inte slå upp \"%s\" som ett giltigt träd."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:292
 msgid "--patch is incompatible with --{hard,mixed,soft}"
 msgstr "--patch är inkompatibel med --{hard,mixed,soft}"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:311
+#: builtin/reset.c:301
 msgid "--mixed with paths is deprecated; use 'git reset -- <paths>' instead."
 msgstr ""
 "--mixed rekommenderas inte med sökvägar; använd \"git reset -- <sökvägar>\"."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:313
+#: builtin/reset.c:303
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot do %s reset with paths."
 msgstr "Kan inte göra %s återställning med sökvägar."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:325
+#: builtin/reset.c:313
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s reset is not allowed in a bare repository"
 msgstr "%s återställning tillåts inte i ett naket arkiv"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:341
+#: builtin/reset.c:333
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not reset index file to revision '%s'."
 msgstr "Kunde inte återställa indexfilen till versionen \"%s\"."
 
+#: builtin/reset.c:339
+msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
+msgstr "Oköade ändringar efter återställning:"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:344
+msgid "Could not write new index file."
+msgstr "Kunde inte skriva ny indexfil."
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:339
+msgid "git rev-parse --parseopt [options] -- [<args>...]"
+msgstr "git rev-parse --parseopt [options] -- [<argument>...]"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:344
+msgid "keep the `--` passed as an arg"
+msgstr "behåll \"--\" sänt som argument"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:346
+msgid "stop parsing after the first non-option argument"
+msgstr "sluta tolka efter första argument som inte är flagga"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:464
+msgid ""
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [options] -- [<args>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<arg>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse [options] [<arg>...]\n"
+"\n"
+"Run \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" for more information on the first usage."
+msgstr ""
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [flaggor] -- [<argument>...]\n"
+"     eller: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<argument>...]\n"
+"     eller: git rev-parse [flaggor] [<argument>...]\n"
+"\n"
+"Kör \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" för mer information om den första "
+"varianten."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:22
+msgid "git revert [options] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git revert [flaggor] <incheckning-igt>..."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:23
+msgid "git revert <subcommand>"
+msgstr "git revert <underkommando>"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:28
+msgid "git cherry-pick [options] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git cherry-pick [flaggor] <incheckning-igt>..."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:29
+msgid "git cherry-pick <subcommand>"
+msgstr "git cherry-pick <underkommando>"
+
 #: builtin/revert.c:70 builtin/revert.c:92
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: %s cannot be used with %s"
 msgstr "%s: %s kan inte användas med %s"
 
+#: builtin/revert.c:103
+msgid "end revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "avsluta revert- eller cherry-pick-sekvens"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:104
+msgid "resume revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "återuppta revert- eller cherry-pick-sekvens"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:105
+msgid "cancel revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "avbryt revert- eller cherry-pick-sekvens"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:106
+msgid "don't automatically commit"
+msgstr "checka inte in automatiskt"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:107
+msgid "edit the commit message"
+msgstr "redigera incheckningsmeddelandet"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:110
+msgid "parent number"
+msgstr "nummer på förälder"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:112
+msgid "merge strategy"
+msgstr "sammanslagninsstrategi"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:113
+msgid "option"
+msgstr "alternativ"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:114
+msgid "option for merge strategy"
+msgstr "alternativ för sammanslagningsstrategi"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:125
+msgid "append commit name"
+msgstr "lägg till incheckningsnamn"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:126
+msgid "allow fast-forward"
+msgstr "tillåt snabbspolning"
+
 #: builtin/revert.c:127
+msgid "preserve initially empty commits"
+msgstr "behåll incheckningar som börjar som tomma"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:128
+msgid "allow commits with empty messages"
+msgstr "tillåt incheckningar med tomt meddelande"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:129
+msgid "keep redundant, empty commits"
+msgstr "behåll redundanta, tomma incheckningar"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:133
 msgid "program error"
 msgstr "programfel"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:213
+#: builtin/revert.c:223
 msgid "revert failed"
 msgstr "\"revert\" misslyckades"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:228
+#: builtin/revert.c:238
 msgid "cherry-pick failed"
 msgstr "\"cherry-pick\" misslyckades"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:109
+#: builtin/rm.c:15
+msgid "git rm [options] [--] <file>..."
+msgstr "git rm [flaggor] [--] <fil>..."
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:64 builtin/rm.c:186
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"submodule '%s' (or one of its nested submodules) uses a .git directory\n"
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+"undermodulen \"%s\" (eller en av dess undermoduler) använder en .git-"
+"katalog\n"
+"(använd \"rm -rf\" om du verkligen vill ta bort den och all dess historik)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:174
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s' has staged content different from both the file and the HEAD\n"
@@ -3087,7 +8399,7 @@
 "\"%s\" har köat ändringar som skiljer sig både från filen och HEAD\n"
 "(använd -f för att tvinga borttagning)"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:115
+#: builtin/rm.c:180
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s' has changes staged in the index\n"
@@ -3096,7 +8408,7 @@
 "\"%s\" har köade ändringar i indexet\n"
 "(använd --cached för att behålla filen eller -f för att tvinga borttagning)"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:119
+#: builtin/rm.c:191
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s' has local modifications\n"
@@ -3105,237 +8417,882 @@
 "\"%s\" har lokala ändringar\n"
 "(använd --cached för att behålla filen eller -f för att tvinga borttagning)"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:194
+#: builtin/rm.c:207
+msgid "do not list removed files"
+msgstr "lista inte borttagna filer"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:208
+msgid "only remove from the index"
+msgstr "ta bara bort från indexet"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:209
+msgid "override the up-to-date check"
+msgstr "överstyr àjour-testet"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:210
+msgid "allow recursive removal"
+msgstr "tillåt rekursiv borttagning"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:212
+msgid "exit with a zero status even if nothing matched"
+msgstr "avsluta med nollstatus även om inget träffades"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:283
 #, c-format
 msgid "not removing '%s' recursively without -r"
 msgstr "tar inte bort \"%s\" rekursivt utan -r"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:230
+#: builtin/rm.c:322
 #, c-format
 msgid "git rm: unable to remove %s"
 msgstr "git rm: kan inte ta bort %s"
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:157
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:13
+msgid "git shortlog [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] [<path>...]]"
+msgstr "git shortlog [<flaggor>] [<versionsintervall>] [[--] <sökväg>...]"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:131
 #, c-format
 msgid "Missing author: %s"
 msgstr "Författare saknas: %s"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:58
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:227
+msgid "sort output according to the number of commits per author"
+msgstr "sortera utdata enligt antal incheckningar per författare"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:229
+msgid "Suppress commit descriptions, only provides commit count"
+msgstr "Undertryck beskrivningar, visa bara antal incheckningar"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:231
+msgid "Show the email address of each author"
+msgstr "Visa e-postadress för varje författare"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:232
+msgid "w[,i1[,i2]]"
+msgstr "w[,i1[,i2]]"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:233
+msgid "Linewrap output"
+msgstr "Radbryt utdata"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:9
+msgid ""
+"git show-branch [-a|--all] [-r|--remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order] [--"
+"current] [--color[=<when>] | --no-color] [--sparse] [--more=<n> | --list | --"
+"independent | --merge-base] [--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<rev> | "
+"<glob>)...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git show-branch [-a|--all] [-r|--remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order] [--"
+"current] [--color[=<när>] | --no-color] [--sparse] [--more=<n> | --list | --"
+"independent | --merge-base] [--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<rev> | "
+"<mönster>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:10
+msgid "git show-branch (-g|--reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<ref>]"
+msgstr "git show-branch (-g|--reflog)[=<n>[,<bas>]] [--list] [<ref>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:650
+msgid "show remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr "visa fjärrspårande och lokala grenar"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:652
+msgid "show remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "visa fjärrspårande grenar"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:654
+msgid "color '*!+-' corresponding to the branch"
+msgstr "färga \"*!+-\" enligt grenen"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:656
+msgid "show <n> more commits after the common ancestor"
+msgstr "visa <n> ytterligare incheckningar efter gemensam anfader"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:658
+msgid "synonym to more=-1"
+msgstr "synonym till more=-1"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:659
+msgid "suppress naming strings"
+msgstr "undertyck namnsträngar"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:661
+msgid "include the current branch"
+msgstr "inkludera aktuell gren"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:663
+msgid "name commits with their object names"
+msgstr "namnge incheckningar med deras objektnamn"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:665
+msgid "show possible merge bases"
+msgstr "visa möjliga sammanslaningsbaser"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:667
+msgid "show refs unreachable from any other ref"
+msgstr "visa referenser som inte kan nås från någon annan referens"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:669
+msgid "show commits in topological order"
+msgstr "visa incheckningar i topologisk ordning"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:671
+msgid "show only commits not on the first branch"
+msgstr "visa endast incheckningar inte på den första grenen"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:673
+msgid "show merges reachable from only one tip"
+msgstr "visa sammanslagningar som endast kan nås från en spets"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:675
+msgid "show commits where no parent comes before its children"
+msgstr "visa incheckningar där ingen förälder kommer före dess barn"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:677
+msgid "<n>[,<base>]"
+msgstr "<n>[,<bas>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:678
+msgid "show <n> most recent ref-log entries starting at base"
+msgstr "visa <n> nyaste refloggposter med början på bas"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:10
+msgid ""
+"git show-ref [-q|--quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d|--dereference] [-s|--hash"
+"[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [pattern*] "
+msgstr ""
+"git show-ref [-q|--quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d|--dereference] [-s|--hash"
+"[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [mönster*] "
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:11
+msgid "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=pattern] < ref-list"
+msgstr "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=mönster] < reflista"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:165
+msgid "only show tags (can be combined with heads)"
+msgstr "visa endast taggar (kan kombineras med huvuden)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:166
+msgid "only show heads (can be combined with tags)"
+msgstr "visa endast huvuden (kan kombineras med taggar)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:167
+msgid "stricter reference checking, requires exact ref path"
+msgstr "striktare referenskontroll, kräver exakt referenssökväg"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:170 builtin/show-ref.c:172
+msgid "show the HEAD reference"
+msgstr "visa HEAD-referensen"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:174
+msgid "dereference tags into object IDs"
+msgstr "avreferera taggar till objekt-id"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:176
+msgid "only show SHA1 hash using <n> digits"
+msgstr "visa SHA1-hash endast med <n> siffror"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:180
+msgid "do not print results to stdout (useful with --verify)"
+msgstr "visa inte resultat på standard ut (användbart med --verify)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:182
+msgid "show refs from stdin that aren't in local repository"
+msgstr "visa referenser från standard in som inte finns i lokalt arkiv"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:7
+msgid "git symbolic-ref [options] name [ref]"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref [flaggor] namn [ref]"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:8
+msgid "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] name"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] namn"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:40
+msgid "suppress error message for non-symbolic (detached) refs"
+msgstr ""
+"undertryck felmeddelanden för icke-symboliska (frånkopplade) referenser"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:41
+msgid "delete symbolic ref"
+msgstr "ta bort symbolisk referens"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:42
+msgid "shorten ref output"
+msgstr "förkorta ref-utdata"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:18
+msgid "reason"
+msgstr "skäl"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:18
+msgid "reason of the update"
+msgstr "skäl till uppdateringen"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:22
+msgid ""
+"git tag [-a|-s|-u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <msg>|-F <file>] <tagname> [<head>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git tag [-a|-s|-u <nyckel-id>] [-f] [-m <medd>|-F <fil>] <taggnamn> [<huvud>]"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:23
+msgid "git tag -d <tagname>..."
+msgstr "git tag -d <taggnamn>..."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:24
+msgid ""
+"git tag -l [-n[<num>]] [--contains <commit>] [--points-at <object>] \n"
+"\t\t[<pattern>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git tag -l [-n[<antal>]] [--contains <incheckning>] [--points-at <objekt>] \n"
+"\t\t[<mönster>...]"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:26
+msgid "git tag -v <tagname>..."
+msgstr "git tag -v <taggnamn>..."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:60
 #, c-format
 msgid "malformed object at '%s'"
 msgstr "felformat objekt vid \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:205
+#: builtin/tag.c:207
 #, c-format
 msgid "tag name too long: %.*s..."
 msgstr "taggnamnet för långt: %.*s..."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:210
+#: builtin/tag.c:212
 #, c-format
 msgid "tag '%s' not found."
 msgstr "taggen \"%s\" hittades inte."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:225
+#: builtin/tag.c:227
 #, c-format
 msgid "Deleted tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
 msgstr "Tog bort tagg \"%s\" (var %s)\n"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:237
+#: builtin/tag.c:239
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not verify the tag '%s'"
 msgstr "kunde inte bekräfta taggen \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:247
+#: builtin/tag.c:249
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# Write a tag message\n"
-"# Lines starting with '#' will be ignored.\n"
-"#\n"
+"Write a tag message\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# Skriv ett taggmeddelande\n"
-"# Rader som inleds med \"#\" ignoreras.\n"
-"#\n"
+"Skriv ett taggmeddelande\n"
+"Rader som inleds med \"%c\" ignoreras.\n"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:254
+#: builtin/tag.c:253
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# Write a tag message\n"
-"# Lines starting with '#' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you "
+"Write a tag message\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you "
 "want to.\n"
-"#\n"
 msgstr ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# Skriv ett taggmeddelande\n"
-"# Rader som inleds med \"#\" kommer behållas; du kan själv ta bort dem om\n"
-"# du vill.\n"
-"#\n"
+"Skriv ett taggmeddelande\n"
+"Rader som inleds med \"%c\" kommer behållas; du kan själv ta bort dem om\n"
+"du vill.\n"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:294
+#: builtin/tag.c:292
 msgid "unable to sign the tag"
 msgstr "kunde inte signera taggen"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:296
+#: builtin/tag.c:294
 msgid "unable to write tag file"
 msgstr "kunde inte skriva tagg-filen"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:321
+#: builtin/tag.c:319
 msgid "bad object type."
 msgstr "felaktig objekttyp"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:334
+#: builtin/tag.c:332
 msgid "tag header too big."
 msgstr "tagghuvud för stort."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:366
+#: builtin/tag.c:368
 msgid "no tag message?"
 msgstr "inget taggmeddelande?"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:372
+#: builtin/tag.c:374
 #, c-format
 msgid "The tag message has been left in %s\n"
 msgstr "Taggmeddelandet har lämnats i %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:421
+#: builtin/tag.c:423
 msgid "switch 'points-at' requires an object"
 msgstr "flaggan \"points-at\" behöver ett object"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:423
+#: builtin/tag.c:425
 #, c-format
 msgid "malformed object name '%s'"
 msgstr "felformat objektnamn \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:502
+#: builtin/tag.c:445
+msgid "list tag names"
+msgstr "lista taggnamn"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:447
+msgid "print <n> lines of each tag message"
+msgstr "visa <n> rader från varje taggmeddelande"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:449
+msgid "delete tags"
+msgstr "ta bort taggar"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:450
+msgid "verify tags"
+msgstr "verifiera taggar"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:452
+msgid "Tag creation options"
+msgstr "Alternativ för att skapa taggar"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:454
+msgid "annotated tag, needs a message"
+msgstr "annoterad tagg, behöver meddelande"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:456
+msgid "tag message"
+msgstr "taggmeddelande"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:458
+msgid "annotated and GPG-signed tag"
+msgstr "annoterad och GPG-signerad tagg"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:462
+msgid "use another key to sign the tag"
+msgstr "använd annan nyckel för att signera taggen"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:463
+msgid "replace the tag if exists"
+msgstr "ersätt taggen om den finns"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:464
+msgid "show tag list in columns"
+msgstr "lista taggar i spalter"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:466
+msgid "Tag listing options"
+msgstr "Alternativ för listning av taggar"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:469
+msgid "print only tags that contain the commit"
+msgstr "visa endast taggar som innehåller incheckningen"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:475
+msgid "print only tags of the object"
+msgstr "visa endast taggar för objektet"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:504
+msgid "--column and -n are incompatible"
+msgstr "--column och -n är inkompatibla"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:521
 msgid "-n option is only allowed with -l."
 msgstr "Flaggan -n är endast tillåten tillsammans med -l."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:504
+#: builtin/tag.c:523
 msgid "--contains option is only allowed with -l."
 msgstr "Flaggan --contains är endast tillåten tillsammans med -l"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:506
+#: builtin/tag.c:525
 msgid "--points-at option is only allowed with -l."
 msgstr "Flaggan --points-at är endast tillåten tillsammans med -l."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:514
+#: builtin/tag.c:533
 msgid "only one -F or -m option is allowed."
 msgstr "endast en av flaggorna -F eller -m tillåts."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:534
+#: builtin/tag.c:553
 msgid "too many params"
 msgstr "för många parametrar"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:540
+#: builtin/tag.c:559
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' is not a valid tag name."
 msgstr "\"%s\" är inte ett giltigt taggnamn."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:545
+#: builtin/tag.c:564
 #, c-format
 msgid "tag '%s' already exists"
 msgstr "taggen \"%s\" finns redan"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:563
+#: builtin/tag.c:582
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: cannot lock the ref"
 msgstr "%s: kan inte låsa referensen"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:565
+#: builtin/tag.c:584
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: cannot update the ref"
 msgstr "%s: kan inte uppdatera referensen"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:567
+#: builtin/tag.c:586
 #, c-format
 msgid "Updated tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
 msgstr "Uppdaterad tagg \"%s\" (var %s)\n"
 
-#: git-am.sh:49
+#: builtin/update-index.c:401
+msgid "git update-index [options] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git update-index [flaggor] [--] [<fil>...]"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:718
+msgid "continue refresh even when index needs update"
+msgstr "fortsätt uppdatera även när index inte är àjour"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:721
+msgid "refresh: ignore submodules"
+msgstr "refresh: ignorera undermoduler"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:724
+msgid "do not ignore new files"
+msgstr "ignorera inte nya filer"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:726
+msgid "let files replace directories and vice-versa"
+msgstr "låt filer ersätta kataloger och omvänt"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:728
+msgid "notice files missing from worktree"
+msgstr "lägg märke till filer som saknas i arbetskatalogen"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:730
+msgid "refresh even if index contains unmerged entries"
+msgstr "uppdatera även om indexet innehåller ej sammanslagna poster"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:733
+msgid "refresh stat information"
+msgstr "uppdatera statusinformation"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:737
+msgid "like --refresh, but ignore assume-unchanged setting"
+msgstr "som --refresh, men ignorera assume-unchanged-inställning"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:741
+msgid "<mode> <object> <path>"
+msgstr "<läge> <objekt> <sökväg>"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:742
+msgid "add the specified entry to the index"
+msgstr "lägg till angiven post i indexet"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:746
+msgid "(+/-)x"
+msgstr "(+/-)x"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:747
+msgid "override the executable bit of the listed files"
+msgstr "överstyr exekveringsbiten för angivna filer"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:751
+msgid "mark files as \"not changing\""
+msgstr "markera filer som \"ändras inte\""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:754
+msgid "clear assumed-unchanged bit"
+msgstr "rensa \"assume-unchanged\"-biten"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:757
+msgid "mark files as \"index-only\""
+msgstr "markera filer som \"endast index\""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:760
+msgid "clear skip-worktree bit"
+msgstr "töm \"skip-worktree\"-biten"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:763
+msgid "add to index only; do not add content to object database"
+msgstr "lägg endast till indexet; lägg inte till innehållet i objektdatabasen"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:765
+msgid "remove named paths even if present in worktree"
+msgstr "ta bort namngivna sökvägar även om de finns i arbetskatalogen"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:767
+msgid "with --stdin: input lines are terminated by null bytes"
+msgstr "med --stdin: indatarader termineras med null-byte"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:769
+msgid "read list of paths to be updated from standard input"
+msgstr "läs lista över sökvägar att uppdatera från standard in"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:773
+msgid "add entries from standard input to the index"
+msgstr "lägg poster från från standard in till indexet"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:777
+msgid "repopulate stages #2 and #3 for the listed paths"
+msgstr "återfyll etapp 2 och 3 från angivna sökvägar"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:781
+msgid "only update entries that differ from HEAD"
+msgstr "uppdatera endast poster som skiljer sig från HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:785
+msgid "ignore files missing from worktree"
+msgstr "ignorera filer som saknas i arbetskatalogen"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:788
+msgid "report actions to standard output"
+msgstr "raportera åtgärder på standard ut"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:790
+msgid "(for porcelains) forget saved unresolved conflicts"
+msgstr "(för porslin) glöm sparade olösta konflikter"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:794
+msgid "write index in this format"
+msgstr "skriv index i detta format"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:7
+msgid "git update-ref [options] -d <refname> [<oldval>]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [flaggor] -d <refnamn> [<gammaltvärde>]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:8
+msgid "git update-ref [options]    <refname> <newval> [<oldval>]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [flaggor]    <refnamn> <gammaltvärde> [<nyttvärde>]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:19
+msgid "delete the reference"
+msgstr "ta bort referensen"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:21
+msgid "update <refname> not the one it points to"
+msgstr "uppdatera <refnamn> inte det den pekar på"
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:6
+msgid "git update-server-info [--force]"
+msgstr "git update-server-info [--force]"
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:14
+msgid "update the info files from scratch"
+msgstr "uppdatera informationsfilerna från grunden"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:56
+msgid "git verify-pack [-v|--verbose] [-s|--stat-only] <pack>..."
+msgstr "git verify-pack [-v|--verbose] [-s|--stat-only] <paket>..."
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:66
+msgid "verbose"
+msgstr "pratsam"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:68
+msgid "show statistics only"
+msgstr "visa endast statistik"
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:17
+msgid "git verify-tag [-v|--verbose] <tag>..."
+msgstr "git verify-tag [-v|--verbose] <tagg>..."
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:73
+msgid "print tag contents"
+msgstr "visa innehåll för tag"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:13
+msgid "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<prefix>/]"
+msgstr "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<prefix>/]"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:26
+msgid "<prefix>/"
+msgstr "<prefix>/"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:27
+msgid "write tree object for a subdirectory <prefix>"
+msgstr "visa trädobjekt för underkatalogen <prefix>"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:30
+msgid "only useful for debugging"
+msgstr "endast användbart vid felsökning"
+
+#: git.c:16
+msgid ""
+"'git help -a' and 'git help -g' lists available subcommands and some\n"
+"concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>'\n"
+"to read about a specific subcommand or concept."
+msgstr ""
+"\"git help -a\" och \"git help -g\" visar tillgängliga underkommandon och\n"
+"några konceptvägledningar. Se \"git help <kommando>\" eller \"git help\n"
+"<koncept>\" för att läsa mer om specifika underkommandon och koncept."
+
+#: parse-options.h:156
+msgid "no-op (backward compatibility)"
+msgstr "ingen funktion (bakåtkompatibilitet)"
+
+#: parse-options.h:232
+msgid "be more verbose"
+msgstr "var mer pratsam"
+
+#: parse-options.h:234
+msgid "be more quiet"
+msgstr "var mer tyst"
+
+#: parse-options.h:240
+msgid "use <n> digits to display SHA-1s"
+msgstr "använd <n> siffror för att visa SHA-1:or"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:8
+msgid "Add file contents to the index"
+msgstr "Lägg filinnehåll till indexet"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:9
+msgid "Find by binary search the change that introduced a bug"
+msgstr "Binärsök för att hitta ändringen som introducerade ett fel"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:10
+msgid "List, create, or delete branches"
+msgstr "Visa, skapa eller ta bort grenar"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:11
+msgid "Checkout a branch or paths to the working tree"
+msgstr "Checka ut en gren eller filer i arbetskatalogen"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:12
+msgid "Clone a repository into a new directory"
+msgstr "Klona ett arkiv till en ny katalog"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:13
+msgid "Record changes to the repository"
+msgstr "Protokollför ändringar i arkivet"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:14
+msgid "Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc"
+msgstr "Visa ändringar mellan incheckningar, med arbetskatalogen, osv"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:15
+msgid "Download objects and refs from another repository"
+msgstr "Hämta objekt och referenser från annat arkiv"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:16
+msgid "Print lines matching a pattern"
+msgstr "Visa rader som motsvarar mönster"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:17
+msgid "Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
+msgstr "Skapa tomt Git-arkiv eller ominitiera ett befintligt"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:18
+msgid "Show commit logs"
+msgstr "Visa incheckningsloggar"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:19
+msgid "Join two or more development histories together"
+msgstr "Slå ihop två eller flera utvecklingshistorier"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:20
+msgid "Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink"
+msgstr "Flytta eller byt namn på en fil, katalog eller symbolisk länk"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:21
+msgid "Fetch from and merge with another repository or a local branch"
+msgstr "Hämta från och slå ihop med annat arkiv eller en lokal gren"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:22
+msgid "Update remote refs along with associated objects"
+msgstr "Uppdatera fjärr-referenser och tillhörande objekt"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:23
+msgid "Forward-port local commits to the updated upstream head"
+msgstr "Framåtanpassa lokala kommandon på uppdaterat uppströmshuvud"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:24
+msgid "Reset current HEAD to the specified state"
+msgstr "Återställ aktuell HEAD till angivet tillstånd"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:25
+msgid "Remove files from the working tree and from the index"
+msgstr "Ta bort filer från arbetskatalogen och från indexet"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:26
+msgid "Show various types of objects"
+msgstr "Visa olika sorters objekt"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:27
+msgid "Show the working tree status"
+msgstr "Visa status för arbetskatalogen"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:28
+msgid "Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG"
+msgstr "Skapa, visa, ta bort eller verifiera GPG-signerat taggobjekt"
+
+#: git-am.sh:50
 msgid "You need to set your committer info first"
 msgstr "Du måste ställa in din incheckarinformation först"
 
-#: git-am.sh:136
+#: git-am.sh:95
+msgid ""
+"You seem to have moved HEAD since the last 'am' failure.\n"
+"Not rewinding to ORIG_HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+"Du verkar ha flyttat HEAD sedan \"am\" sist misslyckades.\n"
+"Återställer inte till ORIG_HEAD"
+
+#: git-am.sh:105
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"When you have resolved this problem, run \"$cmdline --resolved\".\n"
+"If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"$cmdline --skip\" instead.\n"
+"To restore the original branch and stop patching, run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
+msgstr ""
+"När du har löst problemet kör du \"$cmdline --resolved\".\n"
+"Om du vill hoppa över patchen kör du istället \"$cmdline --skip\".\n"
+"För att återställa originalgrenen och avbryta kör du \"$cmdline --abort\"."
+
+#: git-am.sh:121
+msgid "Cannot fall back to three-way merge."
+msgstr "Kan inte falla tillbaka på trevägssammanslagning."
+
+#: git-am.sh:137
 msgid "Repository lacks necessary blobs to fall back on 3-way merge."
 msgstr ""
 "Arkivet saknar objekt som behövs för att falla tillbaka på 3-"
 "vägssammanslagning."
 
-#: git-am.sh:147
+#: git-am.sh:139
+msgid "Using index info to reconstruct a base tree..."
+msgstr "Använder indexinfo för att åteskapa ett basträd..."
+
+#: git-am.sh:154
 msgid ""
 "Did you hand edit your patch?\n"
 "It does not apply to blobs recorded in its index."
 msgstr ""
 "Har du handredigerat din patch?\n"
-"Den kan inte appliceras på blobbar som antecknats i dess index."
+"Den kan inte tillämpas på blobbar som antecknats i dess index."
 
-#: git-am.sh:156
+#: git-am.sh:163
 msgid "Falling back to patching base and 3-way merge..."
 msgstr ""
 "Faller tillbaka på att pacha grundversionen och trevägssammanslagning..."
 
-#: git-am.sh:268
-msgid "Only one StGIT patch series can be applied at once"
-msgstr "Endast en StGIT-patchserie kan appliceras åt gången"
+#: git-am.sh:179
+msgid "Failed to merge in the changes."
+msgstr "Misslyckads slå ihop ändringarna."
 
-#: git-am.sh:355
+#: git-am.sh:274
+msgid "Only one StGIT patch series can be applied at once"
+msgstr "Endast en StGIT-patchserie kan tillämpas åt gången"
+
+#: git-am.sh:361
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Patch format $patch_format is not supported."
 msgstr "Patchformatet $patch_format stöds inte."
 
-#: git-am.sh:357
+#: git-am.sh:363
 msgid "Patch format detection failed."
 msgstr "Misslyckades detektera patchformat."
 
-#: git-am.sh:411
-msgid "-d option is no longer supported.  Do not use."
-msgstr "Flaggan -d stöds inte lägre. Använd inte."
+#: git-am.sh:389
+msgid ""
+"The -b/--binary option has been a no-op for long time, and\n"
+"it will be removed. Please do not use it anymore."
+msgstr ""
+"Flaggan -b/--binary har varit utan funktion länge, och\n"
+"kommer tas bort. Vi ber dig att inte använda den längre."
 
-#: git-am.sh:474
+#: git-am.sh:477
 #, sh-format
 msgid "previous rebase directory $dotest still exists but mbox given."
 msgstr "tidigare rebase-katalog $dotest finns fortfarande, men mbox angavs."
 
-#: git-am.sh:479
+#: git-am.sh:482
 msgid "Please make up your mind. --skip or --abort?"
 msgstr "Bestäm dig. --skip eller --abort?"
 
-#: git-am.sh:506
+#: git-am.sh:509
 msgid "Resolve operation not in progress, we are not resuming."
 msgstr "Lösningsoperation pågår inte, vi återupptar inte."
 
-#: git-am.sh:572
+#: git-am.sh:575
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Dirty index: cannot apply patches (dirty: $files)"
-msgstr "Smutsigt index: kan inte applicera patchar (smutsiga: $files)"
+msgstr "Smutsigt index: kan inte tillämpa patchar (smutsiga: $files)"
 
-#: git-am.sh:748
+#: git-am.sh:679
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Patch is empty.  Was it split wrong?\n"
+"If you would prefer to skip this patch, instead run \"$cmdline --skip\".\n"
+"To restore the original branch and stop patching run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Patchen är tom. Delades den upp felaktigt?\n"
+"Om du vill hoppa över patchen kör du istället \"$cmdline --skip\".\n"
+"För att återställa originalgrenen och avbryta kör du \"$cmdline --abort\"."
+
+#: git-am.sh:706
+msgid "Patch does not have a valid e-mail address."
+msgstr "Patchen har inte någon giltig e-postadress."
+
+#: git-am.sh:753
 msgid "cannot be interactive without stdin connected to a terminal."
 msgstr ""
 "kan inte vara interaktiv om standard in inte är ansluten till en terminal."
 
+#: git-am.sh:757
+msgid "Commit Body is:"
+msgstr "Incheckningskroppen är:"
+
 #. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [y], [n], [e], [v] and [a]
 #. in your translation. The program will only accept English
 #. input at this point.
-#: git-am.sh:759
+#: git-am.sh:764
 msgid "Apply? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all "
-msgstr "Applicera? Y=ja/N=nej/E=redigera/V=visa patch/A=godta alla "
+msgstr "Tillämpa? Y=ja/N=nej/E=redigera/V=visa patch/A=godta alla "
 
-#: git-am.sh:795
+#: git-am.sh:800
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Applying: $FIRSTLINE"
-msgstr "Applicerar: $FIRSTLINE"
+msgstr "Tillämpar: $FIRSTLINE"
 
-#: git-am.sh:840
+#: git-am.sh:821
+msgid ""
+"No changes - did you forget to use 'git add'?\n"
+"If there is nothing left to stage, chances are that something else\n"
+"already introduced the same changes; you might want to skip this patch."
+msgstr ""
+"Inga ändringar - glömde du använda \"git add\"?\n"
+"Om det inte är något kvar att köa kan det hända att något annat redan\n"
+"introducerat samma ändringar; kanske du bör hoppa över patchen."
+
+#: git-am.sh:829
+msgid ""
+"You still have unmerged paths in your index\n"
+"did you forget to use 'git add'?"
+msgstr ""
+"Du har fortfarande sökvägar som inte slagits samman i ditt index\n"
+"glömde du använda \"git add\"?"
+
+#: git-am.sh:845
 msgid "No changes -- Patch already applied."
-msgstr "Inga ändringar -- Patchen har redan applicerats."
+msgstr "Inga ändringar -- Patchen har redan tillämpats."
 
-#: git-am.sh:866
+#: git-am.sh:855
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Patch failed at $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
+msgstr "Patchen misslyckades vid $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
+
+#: git-am.sh:858
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"The copy of the patch that failed is found in:\n"
+"   $dotest/patch"
+msgstr ""
+"En kopia av patchen som misslyckades finns i:\n"
+"   $dotest/patch"
+
+#: git-am.sh:876
 msgid "applying to an empty history"
-msgstr "applicerar på en tom historik"
+msgstr "tillämpar på en tom historik"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:48
+msgid "You need to start by \"git bisect start\""
+msgstr "Du måste starta med \"git bisect start\""
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
 #. translation. The program will only accept English input
@@ -3398,6 +9355,12 @@
 msgid "'git bisect bad' can take only one argument."
 msgstr "\"git bisect bad\" kan bara ta ett argument."
 
+#. have bad but not good.  we could bisect although
+#. this is less optimum.
+#: git-bisect.sh:273
+msgid "Warning: bisecting only with a bad commit."
+msgstr "Varning: utför \"bisect\" med endast en dålig incheckning"
+
 #. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
 #. translation. The program will only accept English input
 #. at this point.
@@ -3405,12 +9368,34 @@
 msgid "Are you sure [Y/n]? "
 msgstr "Är du säker [Y=ja/N=nej]? "
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:354
+#: git-bisect.sh:289
+msgid ""
+"You need to give me at least one good and one bad revisions.\n"
+"(You can use \"git bisect bad\" and \"git bisect good\" for that.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Du måste ange åtminstone en bra och en dålig version.\n"
+"(Du kan använda \"git bisect bad\" och \"git bisect good\" för detta.)"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:292
+msgid ""
+"You need to start by \"git bisect start\".\n"
+"You then need to give me at least one good and one bad revisions.\n"
+"(You can use \"git bisect bad\" and \"git bisect good\" for that.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Du måste starta med \"git bisect start\".\n"
+"Du måste sedan ange åtminstone en bra och en dålig version.\n"
+"(Du kan använda \"git bisect bad\" och \"git bisect good\" för detta.)"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:363 git-bisect.sh:490
+msgid "We are not bisecting."
+msgstr "Vi utför ingen bisect för tillfället."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:370
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$invalid' is not a valid commit"
 msgstr "\"$invalid\" är inte en giltig incheckning"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:363
+#: git-bisect.sh:379
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "Could not check out original HEAD '$branch'.\n"
@@ -3419,22 +9404,49 @@
 "Kunde inte checka ut original-HEAD \"$branch\".\n"
 "Försök \"git bisect reset <incheckning>\"."
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:390
+#: git-bisect.sh:406
 msgid "No logfile given"
 msgstr "Ingen loggfil angiven"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:391
+#: git-bisect.sh:407
 #, sh-format
 msgid "cannot read $file for replaying"
 msgstr "kan inte läsa $file för uppspelning"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:408
+#: git-bisect.sh:424
 msgid "?? what are you talking about?"
 msgstr "?? vad menar du?"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:474
-msgid "We are not bisecting."
-msgstr "Vi utför ingen bisect för tillfället."
+#: git-bisect.sh:436
+#, sh-format
+msgid "running $command"
+msgstr "kör $command"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:443
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"bisect run failed:\n"
+"exit code $res from '$command' is < 0 or >= 128"
+msgstr ""
+"\"bisect\"-körningen misslyckades:\n"
+"felkod $res från \"$command\" är < 0 eller >= 128"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:469
+msgid "bisect run cannot continue any more"
+msgstr "\"bisect\"-körningen kan inte fortsätta längre"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:475
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"bisect run failed:\n"
+"'bisect_state $state' exited with error code $res"
+msgstr ""
+"\"bisect\"-körningen misslyckades:\n"
+"\"bisect_state $state\" avslutades med felkoden $res"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:482
+msgid "bisect run success"
+msgstr "\"bisect\"-körningen lyckades"
 
 #: git-pull.sh:21
 msgid ""
@@ -3450,18 +9462,157 @@
 msgid "Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files."
 msgstr "Du kan inte göra en \"pull\" då du har ändringar som inte checkats in."
 
-#: git-pull.sh:197
+#: git-pull.sh:203
 msgid "updating an unborn branch with changes added to the index"
 msgstr "uppdaterar en ofödd gren med ändringar som lagts till i indexet"
 
-#: git-pull.sh:253
+#. The fetch involved updating the current branch.
+#. The working tree and the index file is still based on the
+#. $orig_head commit, but we are merging into $curr_head.
+#. First update the working tree to match $curr_head.
+#: git-pull.sh:235
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Warning: fetch updated the current branch head.\n"
+"Warning: fast-forwarding your working tree from\n"
+"Warning: commit $orig_head."
+msgstr ""
+"Varning: fetch uppdaterade huvudet för aktuell gren.\n"
+"Varning: snabbspolar din arbetskatalog från\n"
+"Varning: incheckningen $orig_head."
+
+#: git-pull.sh:260
 msgid "Cannot merge multiple branches into empty head"
 msgstr "Kan inte slå ihop flera grenar i ett tomt huvud."
 
-#: git-pull.sh:257
+#: git-pull.sh:264
 msgid "Cannot rebase onto multiple branches"
 msgstr "Kan inte utföra en \"rebase\" ovanpå flera grenar"
 
+#: git-rebase.sh:53
+msgid ""
+"When you have resolved this problem, run \"git rebase --continue\".\n"
+"If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"git rebase --skip\" instead.\n"
+"To check out the original branch and stop rebasing, run \"git rebase --abort"
+"\"."
+msgstr ""
+"När du har löst problemet kör du \"git rebase --continue\".\n"
+"Om du vill hoppa över patchen kör du istället \"git rebase --skip\".\n"
+"För att återställa originalgrenen och avbryta kör du \"git rebase --abort\"."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:160
+msgid "The pre-rebase hook refused to rebase."
+msgstr "Kroken pre-rebase vägrade ombaseringen."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:165
+msgid "It looks like git-am is in progress. Cannot rebase."
+msgstr "Det verkar som en git-am körs. Kan inte ombasera."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:296
+msgid "The --exec option must be used with the --interactive option"
+msgstr "Flaggan --exec måste användas tillsammans med flaggan --interactive"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:301
+msgid "No rebase in progress?"
+msgstr "Ingen ombasering pågår?"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:312
+msgid "The --edit-todo action can only be used during interactive rebase."
+msgstr "Åtgärden --edit-todo kan endast användas under interaktiv ombasering."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:319
+msgid "Cannot read HEAD"
+msgstr "Kan inte läsa HEAD"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:322
+msgid ""
+"You must edit all merge conflicts and then\n"
+"mark them as resolved using git add"
+msgstr ""
+"Du måste redigera alla sammanslagningskonflikter och\n"
+"därefter markera dem som lösta med git add"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:340
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not move back to $head_name"
+msgstr "Kunde inte flytta tillbaka till $head_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:359
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"It seems that there is already a $state_dir_base directory, and\n"
+"I wonder if you are in the middle of another rebase.  If that is the\n"
+"case, please try\n"
+"\t$cmd_live_rebase\n"
+"If that is not the case, please\n"
+"\t$cmd_clear_stale_rebase\n"
+"and run me again.  I am stopping in case you still have something\n"
+"valuable there."
+msgstr ""
+"Det verkar som katalogen $state_dir_base redan existerar, och\n"
+"jag undrar om du redan är mitt i en annan ombasering. Om så är\n"
+"fallet, försök\n"
+"\t$cmd_live_rebase\n"
+"Om så inte är fallet, kör\n"
+"\t$cmd_clear_stale_rebase\n"
+"och kör programmet igen. Jag avslutar ifall du fortfarande har\n"
+"något av värde där."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:404
+#, sh-format
+msgid "invalid upstream $upstream_name"
+msgstr "ogiltig uppström $upstream_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:428
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there are more than one merge bases"
+msgstr "$onto_name: mer än en sammanslagningsbas finns"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:431 git-rebase.sh:435
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there is no merge base"
+msgstr "$onto_name: ingen sammanslagningsbas finns"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:440
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Does not point to a valid commit: $onto_name"
+msgstr "Peka på en giltig incheckning: $onto_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:463
+#, sh-format
+msgid "fatal: no such branch: $branch_name"
+msgstr "ödesdigert: ingen sådan gren: $branch_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:483
+msgid "Please commit or stash them."
+msgstr "Checka in eller använd \"stash\" på dem."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:501
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date."
+msgstr "Aktuell gren $branch_name är à jour."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:504
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date, rebase forced."
+msgstr "Aktuell gren $branch_name är à jour, ombasering framtvingad."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:515
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Changes from $mb to $onto:"
+msgstr "Ändringar från $mb till $onto:"
+
+#. Detach HEAD and reset the tree
+#: git-rebase.sh:524
+msgid "First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it..."
+msgstr ""
+"Först, spolar tillbaka huvudet för att spela av ditt arbete ovanpå det..."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:532
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Fast-forwarded $branch_name to $onto_name."
+msgstr "Snabbspolade $branch_name till $onto_name."
+
 #: git-stash.sh:51
 msgid "git stash clear with parameters is unimplemented"
 msgstr "\"git stash clear\" med parametrar har inte implementerats"
@@ -3490,6 +9641,25 @@
 msgid "Cannot record working tree state"
 msgstr "Kan inte registrera tillstånd för arbetskatalog"
 
+#. TRANSLATORS: $option is an invalid option, like
+#. `--blah-blah'. The 7 spaces at the beginning of the
+#. second line correspond to "error: ". So you should line
+#. up the second line with however many characters the
+#. translation of "error: " takes in your language. E.g. in
+#. English this is:
+#.
+#. $ git stash save --blah-blah 2>&1 | head -n 2
+#. error: unknown option for 'stash save': --blah-blah
+#. To provide a message, use git stash save -- '--blah-blah'
+#: git-stash.sh:202
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"error: unknown option for 'stash save': $option\n"
+"       To provide a message, use git stash save -- '$option'"
+msgstr ""
+"fel: felaktig flagga för \"stash save\": $option\n"
+"     För att ange ett meddelande, använd git stash save -- \"$option\""
+
 #: git-stash.sh:223
 msgid "No local changes to save"
 msgstr "Inga lokala ändringar att spara"
@@ -3536,7 +9706,7 @@
 
 #: git-stash.sh:416
 msgid "Cannot apply a stash in the middle of a merge"
-msgstr "Kan inte applicera en \"stash\" mitt i en sammanslagning"
+msgstr "Kan inte tillämpa en \"stash\" mitt i en sammanslagning"
 
 #: git-stash.sh:424
 msgid "Conflicts in index. Try without --index."
@@ -3550,200 +9720,450 @@
 msgid "Cannot unstage modified files"
 msgstr "Kan inte ta bort ändrade filer ur kön"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:491
+#: git-stash.sh:475
+msgid "Index was not unstashed."
+msgstr "Indexet har inte tagits ur kön."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:492
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Dropped ${REV} ($s)"
 msgstr "Kastade ${REV} ($s)"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:492
+#: git-stash.sh:493
 #, sh-format
 msgid "${REV}: Could not drop stash entry"
 msgstr "${REV}: Kunde inte kasta \"stash\"-post"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:499
+#: git-stash.sh:500
 msgid "No branch name specified"
 msgstr "Inget grennamn angavs"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:570
+#: git-stash.sh:571
 msgid "(To restore them type \"git stash apply\")"
 msgstr "(För att återställa dem, skriv \"git stash apply\")"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:56
+#: git-submodule.sh:91
 #, sh-format
 msgid "cannot strip one component off url '$remoteurl'"
 msgstr "kan inte ta bort en komponent från url:en \"$remoteurl\""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:108
+#: git-submodule.sh:196
 #, sh-format
-msgid "No submodule mapping found in .gitmodules for path '$path'"
-msgstr "Hittade ingen undermodulmappning i .gitmodules för sökvägen \"$path\""
+msgid "No submodule mapping found in .gitmodules for path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+"Hittade ingen undermodulmappning i .gitmodules för sökvägen \"$sm_path\""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:149
+#: git-submodule.sh:239
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Clone of '$url' into submodule path '$path' failed"
-msgstr "Misslyckades klona \"$url\" till undermodulsökvägen \"$path\""
+msgid "Clone of '$url' into submodule path '$sm_path' failed"
+msgstr "Misslyckades klona \"$url\" till undermodulsökvägen \"$sm_path\""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:159
+#: git-submodule.sh:251
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Gitdir '$a' is part of the submodule path '$b' or vice versa"
 msgstr "Gitkatalog \"$a\" ingår i underkatalogsökvägen \"$b\" eller omvänt"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:248
+#: git-submodule.sh:349
 #, sh-format
 msgid "repo URL: '$repo' must be absolute or begin with ./|../"
 msgstr "arkiv-URL: \"$repo\" måste vara absolut eller börja med ./|../"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:265
+#: git-submodule.sh:366
 #, sh-format
-msgid "'$path' already exists in the index"
-msgstr "\"$path\" finns redan i indexet"
+msgid "'$sm_path' already exists in the index"
+msgstr "\"$sm_path\" finns redan i indexet"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:282
+#: git-submodule.sh:370
 #, sh-format
-msgid "'$path' already exists and is not a valid git repo"
-msgstr "\"$path\" finns redan och är inte ett giltigt git-arkiv"
+msgid ""
+"The following path is ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
+"$sm_path\n"
+"Use -f if you really want to add it."
+msgstr ""
+"Följande sökvägar ignoreras av en av dina .gitignore-filer:\n"
+"$sm_path\n"
+"Använd -f om du verkligen vill lägga till den"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:296
+#: git-submodule.sh:388
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to checkout submodule '$path'"
-msgstr "Kan inte checka ut undermodul \"$path\""
+msgid "Adding existing repo at '$sm_path' to the index"
+msgstr "Lägger till befintligt arkiv i \"$sm_path\" i indexet"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:301
+#: git-submodule.sh:390
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to add submodule '$path'"
-msgstr "Misslyckades lägga till underkatalog \"$path\""
+msgid "'$sm_path' already exists and is not a valid git repo"
+msgstr "\"$sm_path\" finns redan och är inte ett giltigt git-arkiv"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:306
+#: git-submodule.sh:398
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to register submodule '$path'"
-msgstr "Misslyckades registrera undermodul \"$path\""
+msgid "A git directory for '$sm_name' is found locally with remote(s):"
+msgstr "En git-katalog för \"$sm_name\" hittades lokalt med fjärr(ar):"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:348
+#: git-submodule.sh:400
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Entering '$prefix$path'"
-msgstr "Går in i \"$prefix$path\""
-
-#: git-submodule.sh:360
-#, sh-format
-msgid "Stopping at '$path'; script returned non-zero status."
-msgstr "Stoppar på \"$path\"; skriptet returnerade en status skild från noll."
+msgid ""
+"If you want to reuse this local git directory instead of cloning again from"
+msgstr ""
+"För att återanvända den lokala git-katalogen istället för att på nytt klona "
+"från"
 
 #: git-submodule.sh:402
 #, sh-format
-msgid "No url found for submodule path '$path' in .gitmodules"
-msgstr "Hittade ingen url för undermodulsökvägen \"$path\" i .gitmodules"
-
-#: git-submodule.sh:411
-#, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '$path'"
-msgstr "Misslyckades registrera url för underkatalogsökväg \"$path\""
-
-#: git-submodule.sh:419
-#, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '$path'"
+msgid ""
+"use the '--force' option. If the local git directory is not the correct repo"
 msgstr ""
-"Misslyckades registrera uppdateringsläge för undermodulsökväg \"$path\""
+"använd flaggan \"--force\". Om den lokala git-katalogen inte är riktigt arkiv"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:421
-#, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) registered for path '$path'"
-msgstr "Undermodulen \"$name\" ($url) registrerad för sökvägen \"$path\""
-
-#: git-submodule.sh:520
+#: git-submodule.sh:403
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
-"Submodule path '$path' not initialized\n"
+"or you are unsure what this means choose another name with the '--name' "
+"option."
+msgstr ""
+"eller om du är osäker på vad det innebär, välj nytt namn med flaggan \"--name"
+"\"."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:405
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Reactivating local git directory for submodule '$sm_name'."
+msgstr "Aktiverar lokal git-katalog för undermodulen \"$sm_name\" på nytt."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:417
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Kan inte checka ut undermodulen \"$sm_path\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:422
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to add submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Misslyckades lägga till undermodulen \"$sm_path\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:431
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Misslyckades registrera undermodulen \"$sm_path\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:474
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Entering '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Går in i \"$prefix$sm_path\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:488
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Stopping at '$sm_path'; script returned non-zero status."
+msgstr ""
+"Stoppar på \"$sm_path\"; skriptet returnerade en status skild från noll."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:532
+#, sh-format
+msgid "No url found for submodule path '$sm_path' in .gitmodules"
+msgstr "Hittade ingen url för undermodulsökvägen \"$sm_path\" i .gitmodules"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:541
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Misslyckades registrera url för underkatalogsökväg \"$sm_path\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:543
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) registered for path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Undermodulen \"$name\" ($url) registrerad för sökvägen \"$sm_path\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:551
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+"Misslyckades registrera uppdateringsläge för undermodulsökväg \"$sm_path\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:588
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Use '.' if you really want to deinitialize all submodules"
+msgstr "Använd \".\" om du verkligen vill avinitiera alla undermoduler"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:603
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule work tree '$sm_path' contains a .git directory"
+msgstr "Undermodulens arbetskatalog \"$sm_path\" innehåller katalogen \".git\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:604
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+"(använd \"rm -rf\" om du verkligen vill ta bort den och all dess historik)"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:610
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule work tree '$sm_path' contains local modifications; use '-f' to "
+"discard them"
+msgstr ""
+"Undermodulens arbetskatalog \"$sm_path\" har lokala ändringar; \"-f\" kastar "
+"bort dem"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:613
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cleared directory '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Rensade katalogen \"$sm_path\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:614
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not remove submodule work tree '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Kunde inte ta bort underkatalogens arbetskatalog \"$sm_path\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:617
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not create empty submodule directory '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Kunde inte skapa tom undermodulskatalog \"$sm_path\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:626
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) unregistered for path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Undermodulen \"$name\" ($url) avregistrerad för sökvägen \"$sm_path\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:731
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule path '$prefix$sm_path' not initialized\n"
 "Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?"
 msgstr ""
-"Undermodulen \"$path\" har inte initierats\n"
+"Undermodulen \"$prefix$sm_path\" har inte initierats\n"
 "Kanske du vill köra \"update --init\"?"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:533
+#: git-submodule.sh:744
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$path'"
-msgstr "Kan inte hitta aktuell revision i undermodulsökväg \"$path\""
+msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+"Kan inte hitta aktuell revision i undermodulsökvägen \"$prefix$sm_path\""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:552
+#: git-submodule.sh:753
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$path'"
-msgstr "Kan inte hämta i undermodulsökväg \"$path\""
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Kan inte hämta i undermodulsökväg \"$sm_path\""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:566
+#: git-submodule.sh:777
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$path'"
-msgstr "Kan inte göra \"rebase\" av \"$sha1\" i undermodulsökväg \"$path\""
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Kan inte hämta i undermodulsökväg \"$prefix$sm_path\""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:567
+#: git-submodule.sh:791
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule path '$path': rebased into '$sha1'"
-msgstr "Undermodulsökvägen \"$path\": \"rebase\":ad in i \"$sha1\""
+msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Kan inte ombasera \"$sha1\" i undermodulsökvägen \"$prefix$sm_path\""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:572
+#: git-submodule.sh:792
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$path'"
-msgstr "Kan inte slå ihop \"$sha1\" i undermodulsökvägen \"$path\""
+msgid "Submodule path '$prefix$sm_path': rebased into '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Undermodulsökvägen \"$prefix$sm_path\": ombaserade in i \"$sha1\""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:573
+#: git-submodule.sh:797
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule path '$path': merged in '$sha1'"
-msgstr "Undermodulsökvägen \"$path\": sammanslagen i \"$sha1\""
+msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Kan inte slå ihop \"$sha1\" i undermodulsökvägen \"$prefix$sm_path\""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:578
+#: git-submodule.sh:798
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$path'"
-msgstr "Kan inte checka ut \"$sha1\" i undermodulsökvägen \"$path\""
+msgid "Submodule path '$prefix$sm_path': merged in '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Undermodulsökvägen \"$prefix$sm_path\": sammanslagen i \"$sha1\""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:579
+#: git-submodule.sh:803
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule path '$path': checked out '$sha1'"
-msgstr "Undermodulsökvägen \"$path\": checkade ut \"$sha1\""
+msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Kan inte checka ut \"$sha1\" i undermodulsökvägen \"$prefix$sm_path\""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:601 git-submodule.sh:924
+#: git-submodule.sh:804
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$path'"
-msgstr "Misslyckades rekursera in i undermodulsökvägen \"$path\""
+msgid "Submodule path '$prefix$sm_path': checked out '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Undermodulsökvägen \"$prefix$sm_path\": checkade ut \"$sha1\""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:709
-msgid "--"
-msgstr "--"
+#: git-submodule.sh:831
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Misslyckades rekursera in i undermodulsökvägen \"$prefix$sm_path\""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:767
+#: git-submodule.sh:939
+msgid "The --cached option cannot be used with the --files option"
+msgstr "Flaggan --cached kan inte användas med flaggan --files"
+
+#. unexpected type
+#: git-submodule.sh:979
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unexpected mode $mod_dst"
+msgstr "oväntat läge $mod_dst"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:997
 #, sh-format
 msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
 msgstr "  Varning: $name innehåller inte incheckning $sha1_src"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:770
+#: git-submodule.sh:1000
 #, sh-format
 msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
 msgstr "  Varning: $name innehåller inte incheckning $sha1_dst"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:773
+#: git-submodule.sh:1003
 #, sh-format
 msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
 msgstr "  Varning: $name innehåller inte incheckningar $sha1_src och $sha1_dst"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:798
+#: git-submodule.sh:1028
 msgid "blob"
 msgstr "blob"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:799
-msgid "submodule"
-msgstr "undermodul"
+#: git-submodule.sh:1066
+msgid "Submodules changed but not updated:"
+msgstr "Undermoduler ändrade men inte uppdaterade:"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:970
+#: git-submodule.sh:1068
+msgid "Submodule changes to be committed:"
+msgstr "Undermodulers ändringar att checka in:"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1153
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$name'"
-msgstr "Synkroniserar undermodul-url för \"$name\""
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Misslyckades rekursera in i undermodulsökvägen \"$sm_path\""
 
-#~ msgid "Too many options specified"
-#~ msgstr "För många flaggor angavs"
+#: git-submodule.sh:1216
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Synkroniserar undermodul-url för \"$prefix$sm_path\""
+
+#~ msgid "It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files.  'status -uno'"
+#~ msgstr "Det tog %.2f sekunder att räkna ospårade filer. \"status -uno\""
+
+#~ msgid "may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add"
+#~ msgstr "kanske gör det snabbare, men du måste vara försiktig så att du"
+
+#~ msgid "new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+#~ msgstr "inte glömmer lägga till filer själv (se \"git help status\")"
+
+#~ msgid "git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [rev-opts] [--] [<commit-id>... ]"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [rev-flaggor] [--] [<incheckning-id>... ]"
+
+#~ msgid "See 'git help <command>' for more information on a specific command."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Se \"git help <kommando>\" för mer information om ett specifikt kommando."
+
+#~ msgid "use any ref in .git/refs"
+#~ msgstr "använd alla referenser i .git/refs"
+
+#~ msgid "use any tag in .git/refs/tags"
+#~ msgstr "använd alla taggar i .git/refs/tags"
+
+#~ msgid "bad object %s"
+#~ msgstr "felaktigt objekt %s"
+
+#~ msgid "bogus committer info %s"
+#~ msgstr "felaktig incheckarinformation %s"
+
+#~ msgid "can't fdopen 'show' output fd"
+#~ msgstr "kunde inte öppna (fdopen) \"show\"-utdata-filhandtag"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to close pipe to 'show' for object '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "kunde inte stänga röret till \"show\" för objektet \"%s\""
+
+#~ msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD"
+#~ msgstr "Du har ingen giltig HEAD"
+
+#~ msgid "oops"
+#~ msgstr "hoppsan"
+
+#~ msgid "Would not remove %s\n"
+#~ msgstr "Skulle inte ta bort %s\n"
+
+#~ msgid "Not removing %s\n"
+#~ msgstr "Tar inte bort %s\n"
+
+#~ msgid "Could not read index"
+#~ msgstr "Kunde inte läsa indexet"
+
+#~ msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | -d | <branch>])"
+#~ msgstr "git remote set-head <namn> (-a | -d | <gren>])"
+
+#~ msgid " 0 files changed"
+#~ msgstr " 0 filer ändrade"
+
+#~ msgid " %d file changed"
+#~ msgid_plural " %d files changed"
+#~ msgstr[0] " %d fil ändrad"
+#~ msgstr[1] " %d filer ändrade"
+
+#~ msgid ", %d insertion(+)"
+#~ msgid_plural ", %d insertions(+)"
+#~ msgstr[0] ", %d tillägg(+)"
+#~ msgstr[1] ", %d tillägg(+)"
+
+#~ msgid ", %d deletion(-)"
+#~ msgid_plural ", %d deletions(-)"
+#~ msgstr[0] ", %d borttagning(-)"
+#~ msgstr[1] ", %d borttagningar(-)"
+
+#~ msgid "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance.\n"
+#~ msgstr "Packar arkivet automatiskt för optimal prestanda.\n"
+
+#~ msgid " (use \"git add\" to track)"
+#~ msgstr " (spåra med \"git add\")"
+
+#~ msgid "-B cannot be used with -b"
+#~ msgstr "-B kan inte användas med -b"
+
+#~ msgid "--patch is incompatible with all other options"
+#~ msgstr "--patch är inkompatibel med alla andra flaggor"
+
+#~ msgid "--detach cannot be used with -b/-B/--orphan"
+#~ msgstr "--detcah kan inte användas med -b/-B/--orphan"
+
+#~ msgid "--detach cannot be used with -t"
+#~ msgstr "--detach kan inte användas med -t"
+
+#~ msgid "--orphan and -b|-B are mutually exclusive"
+#~ msgstr "--orphan och -b|-B kan inte användas samtidigt"
+
+#~ msgid "--orphan cannot be used with -t"
+#~ msgstr "--orphan kan inte användas med -t"
+
+#~ msgid "git checkout: -f and -m are incompatible"
+#~ msgstr "git checkout: -f och -m är inkompatibla"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "git checkout: updating paths is incompatible with switching branches."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "git checkout: uppdatera sökvägar är inkompatibelt med att växla gren."
+
+#~ msgid "diff setup failed"
+#~ msgstr "misslyckades sätta upp för diff"
+
+#~ msgid "merge-recursive: disk full?"
+#~ msgstr "merge-recursive: disk full?"
+
+#~ msgid "diff_setup_done failed"
+#~ msgstr "diff_setup_done misslyckades"
+
+#~ msgid "%s: has been deleted/renamed"
+#~ msgstr "%s: har tagits bort/ändrat namn"
+
+#~ msgid "'%s': not a documentation directory."
+#~ msgstr "\"%s\": inte en dokumentationskatalog."
+
+#~ msgid "-d option is no longer supported.  Do not use."
+#~ msgstr "Flaggan -d stöds inte lägre. Använd inte."
+
+#~ msgid "cherry-pick"
+#~ msgstr "cherry-pick"
+
+#~ msgid "Please enter the commit message for your changes."
+#~ msgstr "Ange ett incheckningsmeddelande för dina ändringar."
+
+#~ msgid "Could not extract email from committer identity."
+#~ msgstr "Kunde inte extrahera e-postadress från incheckarens identitet."
+
+#~ msgid "--"
+#~ msgstr "--"
 
 #~ msgid "# Changed but not updated:"
 #~ msgstr "# Ändrade men inte uppdaterade:"
 
-#~ msgid "A branch named '%s' already exists."
-#~ msgstr "Det finns redan en gren som heter \"%s\""
-
 #~ msgid "path '%s' does not have all 3 versions"
 #~ msgstr "sökvägen \"%s\" har inte alla 3 versionerna"
 
@@ -3762,26 +10182,17 @@
 #~ msgid "cannot mix --fixed-strings and regexp"
 #~ msgstr "kan inte blanda --fixed-strings och reguljära uttryck"
 
-#~ msgid "invalid --decorate option: %s"
-#~ msgstr "felaktigt värde till --decorate: %s"
-
 #~ msgid "%s; will overwrite!"
 #~ msgstr "%s; kommer skriva över!"
 
 #~ msgid "Failed to write current notes tree to database"
 #~ msgstr "Kunde inte skriva aktuellt anteckningsträd till databasen"
 
-#~ msgid "Failed to commit notes tree to database"
-#~ msgstr "Kunde inte checka in anteckningsträd i databasen"
-
 # FIXME: Untranslatable!
 #
 #~ msgid "Refusing to %s notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
 #~ msgstr "Vägrar %s anteckningar i %s (utanför refs/notes/)"
 
-#~ msgid "list"
-#~ msgstr "list"
-
 #~ msgid "add"
 #~ msgstr "add"
 
@@ -3815,9 +10226,6 @@
 #~ msgid "Could not extract author time from %s"
 #~ msgstr "Kunde inte hämta författartid från %s"
 
-#~ msgid "No author information found in %s"
-#~ msgstr "Hittade ingen författarinformation i %s"
-
 #~ msgid "cherry-pick --ff cannot be used with --signoff"
 #~ msgstr "cherry-pick --ff kan inte användas med --signoff"
 
@@ -3846,62 +10254,3 @@
 
 #~ msgid "signing key value too long (%.10s...)"
 #~ msgstr "signeringsnyckelvärdet för långt (%.10s...)"
-
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "When you have resolved this problem run \"$cmdline --resolved\".\n"
-#~ "If you would prefer to skip this patch, instead run \"$cmdline --skip\".\n"
-#~ "To restore the original branch and stop patching run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "När du har löst problemet kör du \"$cmdline --resolved\".\n"
-#~ "Om du vill hoppa över patchen kör du istället \"$cmdline --skip\".\n"
-#~ "För att återställa originalgrenen och avbryta kör du \"$cmdline --abort\"."
-
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "Patch is empty.  Was it split wrong?\n"
-#~ "If you would prefer to skip this patch, instead run \"$cmdline --skip\".\n"
-#~ "To restore the original branch and stop patching run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Patchen är tom. Delades den upp felaktigt?\n"
-#~ "Om du vill hoppa över patchen kör du istället \"$cmdline --skip\".\n"
-#~ "För att återställa originalgrenen och avbryta kör du \"$cmdline --abort\"."
-
-#~ msgid "Patch does not have a valid e-mail address."
-#~ msgstr "Patchen har inte någon giltig e-postadress."
-
-#~ msgid "Commit Body is:"
-#~ msgstr "Incheckningskroppen är:"
-
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "No changes - did you forget to use 'git add'?\n"
-#~ "If there is nothing left to stage, chances are that something else\n"
-#~ "already introduced the same changes; you might want to skip this patch."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Inga ändringar - glömde du använda \"git add\"?\n"
-#~ "Om det inte är något kvar att köa kan det hända att något annat redan\n"
-#~ "introducerat samma ändringar; kanske du bör hoppa över patchen."
-
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "You still have unmerged paths in your index\n"
-#~ "did you forget to use 'git add'?"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Du har fortfarande sökvägar som inte slagits samman i ditt index\n"
-#~ "glömde du använda \"git add\"?"
-
-#~ msgid "Patch failed at $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
-#~ msgstr "Patchen misslyckades vid $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
-
-#, fuzzy
-#~ msgid "You need to start by \"git bisect start\""
-#~ msgstr "Du måste ställa in din incheckarinformation först"
-
-#, fuzzy
-#~ msgid "Index was not unstashed."
-#~ msgstr "kunde köra stash."
-
-#, fuzzy
-#~ msgid "# Submodules changed but not updated:"
-#~ msgstr "# Ändrade men inte uppdaterade:"
-
-#, fuzzy
-#~ msgid "# Submodule changes to be committed:"
-#~ msgstr "# Ändringar att checka in:"
diff --git a/po/vi.po b/po/vi.po
index f0529f4..c6af8d5 100644
--- a/po/vi.po
+++ b/po/vi.po
@@ -1,27 +1,28 @@
 # Vietnamese translation for GIT-CORE.
-# Copyright (C) 2012, Trần Ngọc Quân.
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2013 Trần Ngọc Quân.
 # This file is distributed under the same license as the git-core package.
-# First translated by Trần Ngọc Quân <vnwildman@gmail.com>, 2012.
+# First translated by Trần Ngọc Quân <vnwildman@gmail.com>, 2012-2013.
+# Nguyễn Thái Ngọc Duy <pclouds@gmail.com>, 2012.
 #
 msgid ""
 msgstr ""
-"Project-Id-Version: git-1.7.11.rc2.2.gb694fbb\n"
+"Project-Id-Version: git-v1.8.3-rc0-20-gc6bc7\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: Git Mailing List <git@vger.kernel.org>\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-06-08 10:20+0800\n"
-"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-06-09 14:08+0700\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2013-04-30 08:25+0800\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2013-05-01 14:26+0700\n"
 "Last-Translator: Trần Ngọc Quân <vnwildman@gmail.com>\n"
 "Language-Team: Vietnamese <translation-team-vi@lists.sourceforge.net>\n"
+"Language: vi\n"
 "MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"Language: \n"
+"Team-Website: <http://translationproject.org/team/vi.html>\n"
 "Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=1;\n"
-"X-Poedit-Language: Vietnamese\n"
-"X-Poedit-Country: VIET NAM\n"
-"X-Poedit-SourceCharset: utf-8\n"
+"X-Poedit-SourceCharset: UTF-8\n"
 "X-Poedit-Basepath: ../\n"
+"X-Generator: Poedit 1.5.5\n"
 
-#: advice.c:40
+#: advice.c:53
 #, c-format
 msgid "hint: %.*s\n"
 msgstr "gợi ý: %.*s\n"
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@
 #. * Message used both when 'git commit' fails and when
 #. * other commands doing a merge do.
 #.
-#: advice.c:70
+#: advice.c:83
 msgid ""
 "Fix them up in the work tree,\n"
 "and then use 'git add/rm <file>' as\n"
@@ -38,111 +39,326 @@
 "or use 'git commit -a'."
 msgstr ""
 "Sửa chúng trong cây làm việc,\n"
-"và sau đó sử dụng lệnh 'git add/rm <tập-tin>'\n"
-"dành riêng cho việc đánh dấu cần giải quyết và tạo lần chuyển giao,\n"
-"hoặc là sử dụng lệnh 'git commit -a'."
+"và sau đó dùng lệnh “git add/rm <tập-tin>” dành riêng\n"
+"cho việc đánh dấu tập tin cần giải quyết và tạo lần chuyển giao,\n"
+"hoặc là dùng lệnh “git commit -a”."
+
+#: archive.c:10
+msgid "git archive [options] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git archive [các-tùy-chọn] <tree-ish> [<đường-dẫn>...]"
+
+#: archive.c:11
+msgid "git archive --list"
+msgstr "git archive --list"
+
+#: archive.c:12
+msgid ""
+"git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] [options] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git archive --remote <kho> [--exec <lệnh>] [các-tùy-chọn] <tree-ish> [<đường-"
+"dẫn>...]"
+
+#: archive.c:13
+msgid "git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] --list"
+msgstr "git archive --remote <kho> [--exec <lệnh>] --list"
+
+#: archive.c:323
+msgid "fmt"
+msgstr "fmt"
+
+#: archive.c:323
+msgid "archive format"
+msgstr "định dạng lưu trữ"
+
+#: archive.c:324 builtin/log.c:1126
+msgid "prefix"
+msgstr "tiền tố"
+
+#: archive.c:325
+msgid "prepend prefix to each pathname in the archive"
+msgstr "nối thêm tiền tố vào từng đường dẫn tập tin trong kho lưu"
+
+#: archive.c:326 builtin/archive.c:88 builtin/blame.c:2371
+#: builtin/blame.c:2372 builtin/config.c:55 builtin/fast-export.c:665
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:667 builtin/grep.c:715 builtin/hash-object.c:77
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:490 builtin/ls-files.c:493 builtin/notes.c:536
+#: builtin/notes.c:693 builtin/read-tree.c:107 parse-options.h:149
+msgid "file"
+msgstr "tập-tin"
+
+#: archive.c:327 builtin/archive.c:89
+msgid "write the archive to this file"
+msgstr "ghi kho lưu vào tập tin này"
+
+#: archive.c:329
+msgid "read .gitattributes in working directory"
+msgstr "đọc .gitattributes trong thư mục làm việc"
+
+#: archive.c:330
+msgid "report archived files on stderr"
+msgstr "liệt kê các tập tin được lưu trữ vào stderr (đầu ra lỗi tiêu chuẩn)"
+
+#: archive.c:331
+msgid "store only"
+msgstr "chỉ lưu (không nén)"
+
+#: archive.c:332
+msgid "compress faster"
+msgstr "nén nhanh hơn"
+
+#: archive.c:340
+msgid "compress better"
+msgstr "nén nhỏ hơn"
+
+#: archive.c:343
+msgid "list supported archive formats"
+msgstr "liệt kê các kiểu nén được hỗ trợ"
+
+#: archive.c:345 builtin/archive.c:90 builtin/clone.c:86
+msgid "repo"
+msgstr "kho"
+
+#: archive.c:346 builtin/archive.c:91
+msgid "retrieve the archive from remote repository <repo>"
+msgstr "nhận kho lưu từ kho chứa <kho> trên máy chủ"
+
+#: archive.c:347 builtin/archive.c:92 builtin/notes.c:615
+msgid "command"
+msgstr "lệnh"
+
+#: archive.c:348 builtin/archive.c:93
+msgid "path to the remote git-upload-archive command"
+msgstr "đường dẫn đến lệnh git-upload-pack trên máy chủ"
+
+#: attr.c:259
+msgid ""
+"Negative patterns are ignored in git attributes\n"
+"Use '\\!' for literal leading exclamation."
+msgstr ""
+"Các mẫu dạng phủ định bị cấm dùng cho các thuộc tính của git\n"
+"Dùng “\\!” cho các chuỗi văn bản có dấu chấm than dẫn đầu."
+
+#: branch.c:60
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not setting branch %s as its own upstream."
+msgstr "Chưa cài đặt nhánh %s như là thượng nguồn (upstream) của nó."
+
+#: branch.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"Nhánh %s cài đặt để theo dõi vết nhánh máy chủ %s từ %s bằng cách rebase."
+
+#: branch.c:83
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s."
+msgstr "Nhánh %s cài đặt để theo vết nhánh máy chủ %s từ %s."
+
+#: branch.c:87
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "Nhánh %s cài đặt để theo vết nhánh nội bộ %s bằng cách rebase."
+
+#: branch.c:88
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s."
+msgstr "Nhánh %s cài đặt để theo vết nhánh nội bộ %s."
+
+#: branch.c:92
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "Nhánh %s cài đặt để theo vết nhánh máy chủ %s bằng cách rebase."
+
+#: branch.c:93
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s."
+msgstr "Nhánh %s cài đặt để theo vết tham chiếu máy chủ %s."
+
+#: branch.c:97
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"Nhánh %s cài đặt để theo dõi vết tham chiếu nội bộ %s bằng cách rebase."
+
+#: branch.c:98
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s."
+msgstr "Nhánh %s cài đặt để theo dõi tham chiếu nội bộ %s."
+
+#: branch.c:118
+#, c-format
+msgid "Tracking not set up: name too long: %s"
+msgstr "Theo vết chưa được cài đặt: tên quá dài: %s"
+
+#: branch.c:137
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not tracking: ambiguous information for ref %s"
+msgstr "Không theo vết: thông tin chưa rõ ràng cho tham chiếu %s"
+
+#: branch.c:182
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid branch name."
+msgstr "“%s” không phải là một tên nhánh hợp lệ."
+
+#: branch.c:187
+#, c-format
+msgid "A branch named '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "Đã có nhánh mang tên “%s”."
+
+#: branch.c:195
+msgid "Cannot force update the current branch."
+msgstr "Không thể ép buộc cập nhật nhánh hiện hành."
+
+#: branch.c:201
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot setup tracking information; starting point '%s' is not a branch."
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể cài đặt thông tin theo vết; điểm bắt đầu “%s” không phải là một "
+"nhánh."
+
+#: branch.c:203
+#, c-format
+msgid "the requested upstream branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "nhánh dòng ngược đã yêu cầu “%s” chưa sẵn có"
+
+#: branch.c:205
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you are planning on basing your work on an upstream\n"
+"branch that already exists at the remote, you may need to\n"
+"run \"git fetch\" to retrieve it.\n"
+"\n"
+"If you are planning to push out a new local branch that\n"
+"will track its remote counterpart, you may want to use\n"
+"\"git push -u\" to set the upstream config as you push."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Nếu bạn có ý định trên cơ sở công việc của bạn trên nhánh dòng ngược\n"
+"(upstream) cái mà đã sẵn có trên máy chủ, bạn cần chạy\n"
+"lệnh \"git fetch\" để lấy nó về.\n"
+"\n"
+"Nếu bạn có ý định push lênh một nhánh nội bộ mới cái mà\n"
+"sẽ theo dõi bản đối chiếu máy chủ của nó, bạn cần dùng lệnh\n"
+"\"git push -u\" để đặt cấu hình dòng ngược bạn muốn push."
+
+#: branch.c:250
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "Không phải tên đối tượng hợp lệ: “%s”."
+
+#: branch.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid "Ambiguous object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "Tên đối tượng chưa rõ ràng: “%s”."
+
+#: branch.c:275
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid branch point: '%s'."
+msgstr "Nhánh không hợp lệ: “%s”."
+
+#: branch.c:281
+msgid "Failed to lock ref for update"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi khóa tham chiếu (ref) để cập nhật"
+
+#: branch.c:299
+msgid "Failed to write ref"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi ghi tham chiếu (ref)"
 
 #: bundle.c:36
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' does not look like a v2 bundle file"
-msgstr "'%s' không giống như tập tin v2 bundle (cụm)"
+msgstr "“%s” không giống như tập tin v2 bundle (định dạng dump của git)"
 
 #: bundle.c:63
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized header: %s%s (%d)"
 msgstr "phần đầu (header) không được thừa nhận: %s%s (%d)"
 
-#: bundle.c:89
-#: builtin/commit.c:696
+#: bundle.c:89 builtin/commit.c:676
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not open '%s'"
-msgstr "không thể mở '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể mở “%s”"
 
 #: bundle.c:140
 msgid "Repository lacks these prerequisite commits:"
-msgstr "Khó chứa thiếu những lần chuyển giao (commit) cần trước hết này:"
+msgstr "Kho chứa thiếu những lần chuyển giao (commit) cần trước hết này:"
 
-#: bundle.c:164
-#: sequencer.c:550
-#: sequencer.c:982
-#: builtin/log.c:289
-#: builtin/log.c:720
-#: builtin/log.c:1309
-#: builtin/log.c:1528
-#: builtin/merge.c:347
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:181
+#: bundle.c:164 sequencer.c:651 sequencer.c:1101 builtin/log.c:300
+#: builtin/log.c:770 builtin/log.c:1344 builtin/log.c:1570 builtin/merge.c:349
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:155
 msgid "revision walk setup failed"
-msgstr "Cài đặt việc di chuyển qua các điểm xét lại gặp lỗi"
+msgstr "cài đặt việc di chuyển qua các điểm xét lại gặp lỗi"
 
 #: bundle.c:186
 #, c-format
-msgid "The bundle contains %d ref"
-msgid_plural "The bundle contains %d refs"
-msgstr[0] "Bundle chứa %d tham chiếu (refs)"
-msgstr[1] "Bundle chứa %d tham chiếu (refs)"
+msgid "The bundle contains this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle contains these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "Bundle chứa tham chiếu (ref) này:"
+msgstr[1] "Bundle chứa %d tham chiếu (ref):"
 
-#: bundle.c:192
+#: bundle.c:193
+msgid "The bundle records a complete history."
+msgstr "Lệnh bundle ghi lại toàn bộ lịch sử."
+
+#: bundle.c:195
 #, c-format
-msgid "The bundle requires this ref"
-msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs"
-msgstr[0] "Lệnh bundle yêu cầu tham chiếu (refs) này"
-msgstr[1] "Lệnh bundle yêu cầu %d tham chiếu (refs) này"
+msgid "The bundle requires this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "Lệnh bundle yêu cầu tham chiếu này:"
+msgstr[1] "Lệnh bundle yêu cầu %d tham chiếu (refs) này:"
 
-#: bundle.c:290
+#: bundle.c:294
 msgid "rev-list died"
-msgstr "rev-list bị chết"
+msgstr "rev-list đã chết"
 
-#: bundle.c:296
-#: builtin/log.c:1205
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:284
+#: bundle.c:300 builtin/log.c:1255 builtin/shortlog.c:258
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized argument: %s"
 msgstr "đối số không được thừa nhận: %s"
 
-#: bundle.c:331
+#: bundle.c:335
 #, c-format
 msgid "ref '%s' is excluded by the rev-list options"
-msgstr "tham chiếu '%s' bị loại trừ bởi các tùy chọn rev-list"
+msgstr "th.chiếu “%s” bị loại trừ bởi các tùy chọn rev-list"
 
-#: bundle.c:376
+#: bundle.c:380
 msgid "Refusing to create empty bundle."
 msgstr "Từ chối tạo một bundle trống rỗng."
 
-#: bundle.c:394
+#: bundle.c:398
 msgid "Could not spawn pack-objects"
 msgstr "Không thể sản sinh pack-objects"
 
-#: bundle.c:412
+#: bundle.c:416
 msgid "pack-objects died"
 msgstr "pack-objects đã chết"
 
-#: bundle.c:415
+#: bundle.c:419
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot create '%s'"
-msgstr "không thể tạo '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể tạo “%s”"
 
-#: bundle.c:437
+#: bundle.c:441
 msgid "index-pack died"
 msgstr "index-pack đã chết"
 
-#: commit.c:48
+#: commit.c:50
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not parse %s"
 msgstr "không thể phân tích %s"
 
-#: commit.c:50
+#: commit.c:52
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s %s is not a commit!"
 msgstr "%s %s không phải là một lần commit!"
 
-#: compat/obstack.c:406
-#: compat/obstack.c:408
+#: compat/obstack.c:406 compat/obstack.c:408
 msgid "memory exhausted"
-msgstr "cạn bộ nhớ"
+msgstr "hết bộ nhớ"
 
 #: connected.c:39
 msgid "Could not run 'git rev-list'"
-msgstr "Không thể chạy 'git rev-list'"
+msgstr "Không thể chạy “git rev-list”"
 
 #: connected.c:48
 #, c-format
@@ -214,59 +430,38 @@
 msgstr[0] "%s, %lu tháng trước"
 msgstr[1] "%s, %lu tháng trước"
 
-#: date.c:154
-#: date.c:159
+#: date.c:154 date.c:159
 #, c-format
 msgid "%lu year ago"
 msgid_plural "%lu years ago"
 msgstr[0] "%lu năm trước"
 msgstr[1] "%lu năm trước"
 
-#: diff.c:105
+#: diff.c:112
 #, c-format
-msgid "  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%.*s'\n"
-msgstr "  Gặp lỗi khi phân tích dirstat cắt bỏ phần trăm '%.*s'\n"
+msgid "  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%s'\n"
+msgstr "  Gặp lỗi khi phân tích dirstat cắt bỏ phần trăm “%s”\n"
 
-#: diff.c:110
+#: diff.c:117
 #, c-format
-msgid "  Unknown dirstat parameter '%.*s'\n"
-msgstr "  Không hiểu đối số dirstat '%.*s'\n"
+msgid "  Unknown dirstat parameter '%s'\n"
+msgstr "  Không hiểu đối số dirstat “%s”\n"
 
 #: diff.c:210
 #, c-format
+msgid "Unknown value for 'diff.submodule' config variable: '%s'"
+msgstr "Không hiểu giá trị cho biến cấu hình “diff.submodule”: “%s”"
+
+#: diff.c:260
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Found errors in 'diff.dirstat' config variable:\n"
 "%s"
 msgstr ""
-"Tìm thấy các lỗi trong biến cấu hình 'diff.dirstat':\n"
+"Tìm thấy các lỗi trong biến cấu hình “diff.dirstat”:\n"
 "%s"
 
-#: diff.c:1400
-msgid " 0 files changed\n"
-msgstr " 0 tập tin nào bị thay đổi\n"
-
-#: diff.c:1404
-#, c-format
-msgid " %d file changed"
-msgid_plural " %d files changed"
-msgstr[0] " %d tập tin đã bị thay đổi"
-msgstr[1] " %d tập tin đã bị thay đổi"
-
-#: diff.c:1421
-#, c-format
-msgid ", %d insertion(+)"
-msgid_plural ", %d insertions(+)"
-msgstr[0] ", %d được thêm vào(+)"
-msgstr[1] ", %d được thêm vào(+)"
-
-#: diff.c:1432
-#, c-format
-msgid ", %d deletion(-)"
-msgid_plural ", %d deletions(-)"
-msgstr[0] ", %d bị xóa(-)"
-msgstr[1] ", %d bị xóa(-)"
-
-#: diff.c:3478
+#: diff.c:3481
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Failed to parse --dirstat/-X option parameter:\n"
@@ -275,75 +470,94 @@
 "Gặp lỗi khi phân tích đối số tùy chọn --dirstat/-X:\n"
 "%s"
 
-#: gpg-interface.c:59
+#: diff.c:3495
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to parse --submodule option parameter: '%s'"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi phân tích đối số tùy chọn --submodule: “%s”"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:59 gpg-interface.c:131
 msgid "could not run gpg."
 msgstr "không thể chạy gpg."
 
 #: gpg-interface.c:71
 msgid "gpg did not accept the data"
-msgstr "gpg đã không đồng ý dữ liệu"
+msgstr "gpg đã không chấp nhận dữ liệu"
 
 #: gpg-interface.c:82
 msgid "gpg failed to sign the data"
 msgstr "gpg gặp lỗi khi ký dữ liệu"
 
-#: grep.c:1320
+#: gpg-interface.c:115
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create temporary file '%s': %s"
+msgstr "không thể tạo tập tin tạm thời “%s”: %s"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:118
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed writing detached signature to '%s': %s"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi ghi chữ ký đính kèm vào “%s”: %s"
+
+#: grep.c:1623
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': unable to read %s"
-msgstr "'%s': không thể đọc %s"
+msgstr "“%s”: không thể đọc %s"
 
-#: grep.c:1337
+#: grep.c:1640
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': %s"
-msgstr "'%s': %s"
+msgstr "“%s”: %s"
 
-#: grep.c:1348
+#: grep.c:1651
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': short read %s"
-msgstr "'%s': đọc ngắn %s"
+msgstr "“%s”: đọc ngắn %s"
 
-#: help.c:207
+#: help.c:212
 #, c-format
 msgid "available git commands in '%s'"
-msgstr "các lệnh git sẵn sàng để dùng trong '%s'"
+msgstr "các lệnh git sẵn sàng để dùng trong “%s”"
 
-#: help.c:214
+#: help.c:219
 msgid "git commands available from elsewhere on your $PATH"
 msgstr "các lệnh git sẵn sàng để dùng từ một nơi khác trong $PATH của bạn"
 
-#: help.c:270
+#: help.c:235
+msgid "The most commonly used git commands are:"
+msgstr "Những lệnh git hay được sử dụng nhất là:"
+
+#: help.c:292
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s' appears to be a git command, but we were not\n"
 "able to execute it. Maybe git-%s is broken?"
 msgstr ""
-"'%s' trông như là một lệnh git, nhưng chúng tôi không\n"
+"“%s” trông như là một lệnh git, nhưng chúng tôi không\n"
 "thể thực thi nó. Có lẽ là lệnh git-%s đã bị hỏng?"
 
-#: help.c:327
+#: help.c:349
 msgid "Uh oh. Your system reports no Git commands at all."
 msgstr "Ối chà. Hệ thống của bạn báo rằng chẳng có lệnh Git nào cả."
 
-#: help.c:349
+#: help.c:371
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "WARNING: You called a Git command named '%s', which does not exist.\n"
 "Continuing under the assumption that you meant '%s'"
 msgstr ""
-"CẢNH BÁO: Bạn đã gọi lệnh Git có tên '%s', mà nó lại không sẵn có.\n"
-"Giả định rằng ý bạn là '%s'"
+"CẢNH BÁO: Bạn đã gọi lệnh Git có tên “%s”, mà nó lại không có sẵn.\n"
+"Giả định rằng ý bạn là “%s”"
 
-#: help.c:354
+#: help.c:376
 #, c-format
 msgid "in %0.1f seconds automatically..."
 msgstr "trong %0.1f giây một cách tự động..."
 
-#: help.c:361
+#: help.c:383
 #, c-format
 msgid "git: '%s' is not a git command. See 'git --help'."
-msgstr "git: '%s' không phải là một lệnh của git. Xem thêm 'git --help'."
+msgstr "git: “%s” không phải là một lệnh của git. Xem “git --help”."
 
-#: help.c:365
+#: help.c:387
 msgid ""
 "\n"
 "Did you mean this?"
@@ -357,42 +571,339 @@
 "\n"
 "Có phải ý bạn là một trong số những cái này không?"
 
-#: parse-options.c:493
+#: merge.c:56
+msgid "failed to read the cache"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi đọc bộ nhớ tạm"
+
+#: merge.c:110 builtin/checkout.c:365 builtin/checkout.c:566
+#: builtin/clone.c:645
+msgid "unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "không thể ghi tập tin lưu bảng mục lục mới"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:190
+#, c-format
+msgid "(bad commit)\n"
+msgstr "(commit sai)\n"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:206
+#, c-format
+msgid "addinfo_cache failed for path '%s'"
+msgstr "addinfo_cache gặp lỗi đối với đường dẫn “%s”"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:268
+msgid "error building trees"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi xây dựng cây"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:672
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create path '%s'%s"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi tạo đường dẫn “%s”%s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:683
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s to make room for subdirectory\n"
+msgstr "Gỡ bỏ %s để tạo chỗ (room) cho thư mục con\n"
+
+#. something else exists
+#. .. but not some other error (who really cares what?)
+#: merge-recursive.c:697 merge-recursive.c:718
+msgid ": perhaps a D/F conflict?"
+msgstr ": có lẽ là một xung đột D/F?"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:708
+#, c-format
+msgid "refusing to lose untracked file at '%s'"
+msgstr "từ chối đóng tập tin không được theo vết tại “%s”"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:748
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể đọc đối tượng %s “%s”"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:750
+#, c-format
+msgid "blob expected for %s '%s'"
+msgstr "đối tượng blob được mong đợi cho %s “%s”"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:773 builtin/clone.c:313
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to open '%s'"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi mở “%s”"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:781
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to symlink '%s'"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi tạo liên kết tượng trưng (symlink) “%s”"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:784
+#, c-format
+msgid "do not know what to do with %06o %s '%s'"
+msgstr "không hiểu phải làm gì với %06o %s “%s”"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:922
+msgid "Failed to execute internal merge"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi thực hiện trộn nội bộ"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:926
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to add %s to database"
+msgstr "Không thể thêm %s vào cơ sở dữ liệu"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:942
+msgid "unsupported object type in the tree"
+msgstr "kiểu đối tượng không được hỗ trợ trong cây (tree)"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1021 merge-recursive.c:1035
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree."
+msgstr ""
+"XUNG ĐỘT (%s/xóa): %s bị xóa trong %s và %s trong %s. Phiên bản %s của %s "
+"còn lại trong cây (tree)."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1027 merge-recursive.c:1040
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree at %s."
+msgstr ""
+"XUNG ĐỘT (%s/xóa): %s bị xóa trong %s và %s trong %s. Phiên bản %s của %s "
+"còn lại trong cây (tree) tại %s."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1081
+msgid "rename"
+msgstr "đổi tên"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1081
+msgid "renamed"
+msgstr "đã đổi tên"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1137
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is a directory in %s adding as %s instead"
+msgstr "%s là một thư mục trong %s thay vào đó thêm vào như là %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1159
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename \"%s\"->\"%s\" in branch \"%s\" rename \"%s"
+"\"->\"%s\" in \"%s\"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"XUNG ĐỘT (đổi-tên/đổi-tên): Đổi tên \"%s\"->\"%s\" trong nhánh \"%s\" đổi "
+"tên \"%s\"->\"%s\" trong \"%s\"%s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1164
+msgid " (left unresolved)"
+msgstr " (cần giải quyết)"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1218
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename %s->%s in %s. Rename %s->%s in %s"
+msgstr ""
+"XUNG ĐỘT (đổi-tên/đổi-tên): Đổi tên %s->%s trong %s. Đổi tên %s->%s trong %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1248
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renaming %s to %s and %s to %s instead"
+msgstr "Đang đổi tên %s thành %s thay vì %s thành %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1447
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/add): Rename %s->%s in %s. %s added in %s"
+msgstr ""
+"XUNG ĐỘT (đổi-tên/thêm): Đổi tên %s->%s trong %s. %s được thêm vào trong %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1457
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding merged %s"
+msgstr "Thêm hòa trộn %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1462 merge-recursive.c:1660
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding as %s instead"
+msgstr "Thay vào đó thêm vào %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1513
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s"
+msgstr "không thể đọc đối tượng %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1516
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s is not a blob"
+msgstr "đối tượng %s không phải là một blob"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1564
+msgid "modify"
+msgstr "sửa đổi"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1564
+msgid "modified"
+msgstr "đã sửa"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1574
+msgid "content"
+msgstr "nội dung"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1581
+msgid "add/add"
+msgstr "thêm/thêm"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1615
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipped %s (merged same as existing)"
+msgstr "Đã bỏ qua %s (đã có sẵn lần hòa trộn này)"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1629
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto-merging %s"
+msgstr "Tự-động-hòa-trộn %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1633 git-submodule.sh:1029
+msgid "submodule"
+msgstr "mô-đun-con"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1634
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (%s): Merge conflict in %s"
+msgstr "XUNG ĐỘT (%s): Xung đột hòa trộn trong %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1724
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s"
+msgstr "Đang xóa %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1749
+msgid "file/directory"
+msgstr "tập-tin/thư-mục"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1755
+msgid "directory/file"
+msgstr "thư-mục/tập tin"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1760
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (%s): There is a directory with name %s in %s. Adding %s as %s"
+msgstr ""
+"XUNG ĐỘT (%s): Ở đây không có thư mục nào có tên %s trong %s. Thêm %s như là "
+"%s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1770
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding %s"
+msgstr "Thêm \"%s\""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1787
+msgid "Fatal merge failure, shouldn't happen."
+msgstr "Việc hòa trộn hỏng nghiêm trọng, không nên để xảy ra."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1806
+msgid "Already up-to-date!"
+msgstr "Đã cập nhật rồi!"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1815
+#, c-format
+msgid "merging of trees %s and %s failed"
+msgstr "hòa trộn cây (tree) %s và %s gặp lỗi"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1845
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unprocessed path??? %s"
+msgstr "Đường dẫn chưa được xử lý??? %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1890
+msgid "Merging:"
+msgstr "Đang trộn:"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1903
+#, c-format
+msgid "found %u common ancestor:"
+msgid_plural "found %u common ancestors:"
+msgstr[0] "tìm thấy %u tổ tiên chung:"
+msgstr[1] "tìm thấy %u tổ tiên chung:"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1940
+msgid "merge returned no commit"
+msgstr "hòa trộn không trả về lần chuyển giao (commit) nào"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1997
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse object '%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể phân tích đối tượng “%s”"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:2009 builtin/merge.c:658
+msgid "Unable to write index."
+msgstr "Không thể ghi bảng mục lục"
+
+#: object.c:195
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse object: %s"
+msgstr "không thể phân tích đối tượng: “%s”"
+
+#: parse-options.c:489
 msgid "..."
 msgstr "..."
 
-#: parse-options.c:511
+#: parse-options.c:507
 #, c-format
 msgid "usage: %s"
-msgstr "cách sử dụng: %s"
+msgstr "cách dùng: %s"
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: the colon here should align with the
 #. one in "usage: %s" translation
-#: parse-options.c:515
+#: parse-options.c:511
 #, c-format
 msgid "   or: %s"
-msgstr "   hoặc: %s"
+msgstr "     hoặc: %s"
 
-#: parse-options.c:518
+#: parse-options.c:514
 #, c-format
 msgid "    %s"
 msgstr "    %s"
 
-#: remote.c:1629
+#: parse-options.c:548
+msgid "-NUM"
+msgstr "-SỐ"
+
+#: pathspec.c:83
+#, c-format
+msgid "Path '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
+msgstr "Đường dẫn “%s” thì ở trong mô-đun-con “%.*s”"
+
+#: pathspec.c:99
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "“%s” nằm ngoài một liên kết tượng trưng"
+
+#: remote.c:1781
 #, c-format
 msgid "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commit.\n"
 msgid_plural "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commits.\n"
-msgstr[0] "Nhánh của bạn là đầu của '%s' bởi %d lần chuyển giao (commit).\n"
-msgstr[1] "Nhánh của bạn là đầu của '%s' bởi %d lần chuyển giao (commit).\n"
+msgstr[0] "Nhánh của bạn là đầu của “%s” bởi %d lần chuyển giao (commit).\n"
+msgstr[1] "Nhánh của bạn là đầu của “%s” bởi %d lần chuyển giao (commit).\n"
 
-#: remote.c:1635
+#: remote.c:1787
+msgid "  (use \"git push\" to publish your local commits)\n"
+msgstr "  (dùng \"git push\" để xuất bản các lần chuyển giao nội bộ của bạn)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1790
 #, c-format
 msgid "Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commit, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
-msgid_plural "Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commits, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
-msgstr[0] "Nhánh của bạn thì ở đằng sau '%s' bởi %d lần chuyển giao (commit), và có thể được fast-forward.\n"
-msgstr[1] "Nhánh của bạn thì ở đằng sau '%s' bởi %d lần chuyển giao (commit), và có thể được fast-forward.\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commits, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Nhánh của bạn thì ở đằng sau “%s” bởi %d lần chuyển giao (commit), và có thể "
+"được fast-forward.\n"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Nhánh của bạn thì ở đằng sau “%s” bởi %d lần chuyển giao (commit), và có thể "
+"được fast-forward.\n"
 
-#: remote.c:1643
+#: remote.c:1798
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to update your local branch)\n"
+msgstr "  (dùng \"git pull\" để cập nhật nhánh nội bộ của bạn)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1801
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
@@ -401,781 +912,1126 @@
 "Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
 "and have %d and %d different commits each, respectively.\n"
 msgstr[0] ""
-"Nhánh của bạn và '%s' bị phân kỳ,\n"
+"Nhánh của bạn và “%s” bị phân kỳ,\n"
 "và có %d và %d lần chuyển giao (commit) khác nhau cho từng cái,\n"
 "tương ứng với mỗi lần.\n"
 msgstr[1] ""
-"Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
+"Your branch and “%s” have diverged,\n"
 "and have %d and %d different commit each, respectively.\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:121
-#: builtin/merge.c:865
-#: builtin/merge.c:978
-#: builtin/merge.c:1088
-#: builtin/merge.c:1098
+#: remote.c:1811
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to merge the remote branch into yours)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"  (dùng \"git pull\" để hòa trộn nhánh trên máy chủ vào trong nhánh của "
+"bạn)\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:206 builtin/merge.c:776 builtin/merge.c:889 builtin/merge.c:999
+#: builtin/merge.c:1009
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing"
-msgstr "Không thể mở %s' để ghi"
+msgstr "Không thể mở “%s” để ghi"
 
-#: sequencer.c:123
-#: builtin/merge.c:333
-#: builtin/merge.c:868
-#: builtin/merge.c:1090
-#: builtin/merge.c:1103
+#: sequencer.c:208 builtin/merge.c:335 builtin/merge.c:779
+#: builtin/merge.c:1001 builtin/merge.c:1014
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not write to '%s'"
-msgstr "Không thể ghi vào '%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể ghi vào “%s”"
 
-#: sequencer.c:144
+#: sequencer.c:229
 msgid ""
 "after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
 "with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'"
 msgstr ""
 "sau khi giải quyết các xung đột, đánh dấu đường dẫn đã sửa\n"
-"với lệnh 'git add <đường_dẫn>' hoặc 'git rm <đường_dẫn>'"
+"với lệnh “git add <đường_dẫn>” hoặc “git rm <đường_dẫn>”"
 
-#: sequencer.c:147
+#: sequencer.c:232
 msgid ""
 "after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
 "with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'\n"
 "and commit the result with 'git commit'"
 msgstr ""
 "sau khi giải quyết các xung đột, đánh dấu đường dẫn đã sửa\n"
-"với lệnh 'git add <đường_dẫn>' hoặc 'git rm <đường_dẫn>'\n"
-"và chuyển giao (commit) kết quả bằng lệnh 'git commit'"
+"với lệnh “git add <đường_dẫn>” hoặc “git rm <đường_dẫn>”\n"
+"và chuyển giao (commit) kết quả bằng lệnh “git commit”"
 
-#: sequencer.c:160
-#: sequencer.c:758
-#: sequencer.c:841
+#: sequencer.c:245 sequencer.c:859 sequencer.c:942
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not write to %s"
 msgstr "Không thể ghi vào %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:163
+#: sequencer.c:248
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error wrapping up %s"
 msgstr "Lỗi bao bọc %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:178
+#: sequencer.c:263
 msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by cherry-pick."
 msgstr "Các thay đổi nội bộ của bạn có thể bị ghi đè bởi lệnh cherry-pick."
 
-#: sequencer.c:180
+#: sequencer.c:265
 msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by revert."
 msgstr "Các thay đổi nội bộ của bạn có thể bị ghi đè bởi lệnh revert."
 
-#: sequencer.c:183
+#: sequencer.c:268
 msgid "Commit your changes or stash them to proceed."
-msgstr "Chuyển giao (commit) các thay đổi hay stash chúng để tiến hành."
+msgstr "Chuyển giao (commit) các thay đổi của bạn hay stash chúng để xử lý."
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: %s will be "revert" or "cherry-pick"
-#: sequencer.c:233
+#: sequencer.c:319
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: Unable to write new index file"
 msgstr "%s: Không thể ghi tập tin lưu bảng mục lục mới"
 
-#: sequencer.c:261
+#: sequencer.c:350
 msgid "Could not resolve HEAD commit\n"
 msgstr "Không thể phân giải commit (lần chuyển giao) HEAD\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:282
+#: sequencer.c:371
 msgid "Unable to update cache tree\n"
 msgstr "Không thể cập nhật cây bộ nhớ đệm\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:324
+#: sequencer.c:416
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse commit %s\n"
 msgstr "Không thể phân tích commit (lần chuyển giao) %s\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:329
+#: sequencer.c:421
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse parent commit %s\n"
 msgstr "Không thể phân tích commit (lần chuyển giao) cha mẹ %s\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:395
+#: sequencer.c:487
 msgid "Your index file is unmerged."
 msgstr "Tập tin lưu mục lục của bạn không được hòa trộn."
 
-#: sequencer.c:398
-msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD"
-msgstr "Bạn không có HEAD nào hợp lệ"
-
-#: sequencer.c:413
+#: sequencer.c:506
 #, c-format
 msgid "Commit %s is a merge but no -m option was given."
-msgstr "Lần chuyển giao (commit) %s là một lần hòa trộn nhưng không đưa ra tùy chọn  -m."
+msgstr ""
+"Lần chuyển giao (commit) %s là một lần hòa trộn nhưng không đưa ra tùy chọn -"
+"m."
 
-#: sequencer.c:421
+#: sequencer.c:514
 #, c-format
 msgid "Commit %s does not have parent %d"
 msgstr "Lần chuyển giao (commit) %s không có cha mẹ %d"
 
-#: sequencer.c:425
+#: sequencer.c:518
 #, c-format
 msgid "Mainline was specified but commit %s is not a merge."
-msgstr "Luồng chính được chỉ định nhưng lần chuyển giao (commit) %s không phải là một lần hòa trộn."
+msgstr ""
+"Luồng chính đã được chỉ ra nhưng lần chuyển giao (commit) %s không phải là "
+"một lần hòa trộn."
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: The first %s will be "revert" or
 #. "cherry-pick", the second %s a SHA1
-#: sequencer.c:436
+#: sequencer.c:531
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: cannot parse parent commit %s"
 msgstr "%s: không thể phân tích lần chuyển giao mẹ của %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:440
+#: sequencer.c:535
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot get commit message for %s"
 msgstr "Không thể lấy thông điệp lần chuyển giao (commit) cho %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:524
+#: sequencer.c:621
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not revert %s... %s"
 msgstr "không thể revert %s... %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:525
+#: sequencer.c:622
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not apply %s... %s"
 msgstr "không thể apply (áp dụng miếng vá) %s... %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:553
+#: sequencer.c:654
 msgid "empty commit set passed"
 msgstr "lần chuyển giao (commit) trống rỗng đặt là hợp quy cách"
 
-#: sequencer.c:561
+#: sequencer.c:662
 #, c-format
 msgid "git %s: failed to read the index"
 msgstr "git %s: gặp lỗi đọc bảng mục lục"
 
-#: sequencer.c:566
+#: sequencer.c:667
 #, c-format
 msgid "git %s: failed to refresh the index"
 msgstr "git %s: gặp lỗi khi làm tươi mới bảng mục lục"
 
-#: sequencer.c:624
+#: sequencer.c:725
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot %s during a %s"
 msgstr "Không thể %s trong khi %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:646
+#: sequencer.c:747
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse line %d."
 msgstr "Không phân tích được dòng %d."
 
-#: sequencer.c:651
+#: sequencer.c:752
 msgid "No commits parsed."
 msgstr "Không có lần chuyển giao (commit) nào được phân tích."
 
-#: sequencer.c:664
+#: sequencer.c:765
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not open %s"
 msgstr "Không thể mở %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:668
+#: sequencer.c:769
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not read %s."
 msgstr "Không thể đọc %s."
 
-#: sequencer.c:675
+#: sequencer.c:776
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unusable instruction sheet: %s"
 msgstr "Bảng chỉ thị không thể dùng được: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:703
+#: sequencer.c:804
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid key: %s"
 msgstr "Khóa không đúng: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:706
+#: sequencer.c:807
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid value for %s: %s"
 msgstr "Giá trị không hợp lệ %s: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:718
+#: sequencer.c:819
 #, c-format
 msgid "Malformed options sheet: %s"
 msgstr "Bảng tùy chọn dị hình: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:739
+#: sequencer.c:840
 msgid "a cherry-pick or revert is already in progress"
 msgstr "một thao tác cherry-pick hoặc revert đang được thực hiện"
 
-#: sequencer.c:740
+#: sequencer.c:841
 msgid "try \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
 msgstr "hãy thử \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
 
-#: sequencer.c:744
+#: sequencer.c:845
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not create sequencer directory %s"
 msgstr "Không thể tạo thư mục xếp dãy %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:760
-#: sequencer.c:845
+#: sequencer.c:861 sequencer.c:946
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error wrapping up %s."
 msgstr "Lỗi bao bọc %s."
 
-#: sequencer.c:779
-#: sequencer.c:913
+#: sequencer.c:880 sequencer.c:1014
 msgid "no cherry-pick or revert in progress"
 msgstr "không cherry-pick hay revert trong tiến trình"
 
-#: sequencer.c:781
+#: sequencer.c:882
 msgid "cannot resolve HEAD"
 msgstr "không thể phân giải HEAD"
 
-#: sequencer.c:783
+#: sequencer.c:884
 msgid "cannot abort from a branch yet to be born"
 msgstr "không thể hủy bỏ từ một nhánh mà nó còn chưa được tạo ra"
 
-#: sequencer.c:805
-#: builtin/apply.c:3697
+#: sequencer.c:906 builtin/apply.c:4060
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open %s: %s"
 msgstr "không thể mở %s: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:808
+#: sequencer.c:909
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read %s: %s"
 msgstr "không thể đọc %s: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:809
+#: sequencer.c:910
 msgid "unexpected end of file"
 msgstr "kết thúc tập tin đột xuất"
 
-#: sequencer.c:815
+#: sequencer.c:916
 #, c-format
 msgid "stored pre-cherry-pick HEAD file '%s' is corrupt"
-msgstr "tập tin HEAD 'pre-cherry-pick' đã lưu '%s' bị hỏng"
+msgstr "tập tin HEAD “pre-cherry-pick” đã lưu “%s” bị hỏng"
 
-#: sequencer.c:838
+#: sequencer.c:939
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not format %s."
 msgstr "Không thể định dạng %s."
 
-#: sequencer.c:1000
+#: sequencer.c:1083
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: can't cherry-pick a %s"
+msgstr "%s: không thể cherry-pick một %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1085
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: bad revision"
+msgstr "%s: điểm xét duyệt sai"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1119
 msgid "Can't revert as initial commit"
 msgstr "Không thể revert một lần chuyển giao (commit) khởi tạo"
 
-#: sequencer.c:1001
+#: sequencer.c:1120
 msgid "Can't cherry-pick into empty head"
 msgstr "Không thể cherry-pick vào một đầu (head) trống rỗng"
 
-#: sha1_name.c:864
+#: sha1_name.c:1036
 msgid "HEAD does not point to a branch"
 msgstr "HEAD không chỉ đến một nhánh nào cả"
 
-#: sha1_name.c:867
+#: sha1_name.c:1039
 #, c-format
 msgid "No such branch: '%s'"
-msgstr "Không có nhánh nào như thế: '%s'"
+msgstr "Không có nhánh nào như thế: “%s”"
 
-#: sha1_name.c:869
+#: sha1_name.c:1041
 #, c-format
 msgid "No upstream configured for branch '%s'"
-msgstr "Không có dòng ngược (upstream) được cấu hình cho nhánh '%s'"
+msgstr "Không có thượng nguồn (upstream) được cấu hình cho nhánh “%s”"
 
-#: sha1_name.c:872
+#: sha1_name.c:1044
 #, c-format
 msgid "Upstream branch '%s' not stored as a remote-tracking branch"
-msgstr "Nhánh dòng ngược (upstream) '%s' không được lưu lại như là một nhánh 'remote-tracking'"
+msgstr ""
+"Nhánh thượng nguồn (upstream) “%s” không được lưu lại như là một nhánh "
+"“remote-tracking”"
 
-#: wrapper.c:413
+#: wrapper.c:408
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s': %s"
+msgstr "không thể truy cập “%s”: %s"
+
+#: wrapper.c:423
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể truy cập “%s”"
+
+#: wrapper.c:434
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to look up current user in the passwd file: %s"
 msgstr "không tìm thấy người dùng hiện tại trong tập tin passwd: %s"
 
-#: wrapper.c:414
+#: wrapper.c:435
 msgid "no such user"
 msgstr "không có người dùng như vậy"
 
-#: wt-status.c:135
+#: wt-status.c:140
 msgid "Unmerged paths:"
 msgstr "Những đường dẫn chưa được hòa trộn:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:141
-#: wt-status.c:158
+#: wt-status.c:167 wt-status.c:194
 #, c-format
 msgid "  (use \"git reset %s <file>...\" to unstage)"
-msgstr "  (sử dụng \"git reset %s <tập-tin>...\" để bỏ một stage (trạng thái))"
+msgstr "  (dùng \"git reset %s <tập-tin>...\" để bỏ một stage (trạng thái))"
 
-#: wt-status.c:143
-#: wt-status.c:160
+#: wt-status.c:169 wt-status.c:196
 msgid "  (use \"git rm --cached <file>...\" to unstage)"
-msgstr "  (sử dụng \"git rm --cached <tập-tin>...\" để bỏ trạng thái (stage))"
+msgstr "  (dùng \"git rm --cached <tập-tin>...\" để bỏ trạng thái (stage))"
 
-#: wt-status.c:144
+#: wt-status.c:173
+msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr "  (dùng \"git add <tập-tin>...\" để đánh dấu là cần giải quyết)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:175 wt-status.c:179
 msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" as appropriate to mark resolution)"
-msgstr "  (sử dụng \"git add/rm <tập-tin>...\" như là một cách  thích hợp để đánh dấu là cần được giải quyết)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (dùng \"git add/rm <tập-tin>...\" như là một cách  thích hợp để đánh dấu "
+"là cần được giải quyết)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:152
+#: wt-status.c:177
+msgid "  (use \"git rm <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr "  (dùng \"git rm <tập-tin>...\" để đánh dấu là cần giải quyết)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:188
 msgid "Changes to be committed:"
 msgstr "Những thay đổi sẽ được chuyển giao:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:170
+#: wt-status.c:206
 msgid "Changes not staged for commit:"
-msgstr "Các thay đổi không được đặt trạng thái (stage) cho lần chuyển giao (commit):"
+msgstr ""
+"Các thay đổi không được đặt trạng thái (stage) cho lần chuyển giao (commit):"
 
-#: wt-status.c:174
+#: wt-status.c:210
 msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
-msgstr "  (sử dụng \"git add <tập-tin>...\" để cập nhật những gì cần chuyển giao (commit))"
+msgstr ""
+"  (dùng \"git add <tập-tin>...\" để cập nhật những gì cần chuyển giao "
+"(commit))"
 
-#: wt-status.c:176
+#: wt-status.c:212
 msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
-msgstr "  (sử dụng \"git add/rm <tập_tin>...\" để cập nhật những gì sẽ được chuyển giao)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (dùng \"git add/rm <tập-tin>...\" để cập nhật những gì sẽ được chuyển giao)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:177
-msgid "  (use \"git checkout -- <file>...\" to discard changes in working directory)"
-msgstr "  (sử dụng \"git checkout -- <tập_tin>...\" để loại bỏ những thay đổi trong thư mục làm việc)"
+#: wt-status.c:213
+msgid ""
+"  (use \"git checkout -- <file>...\" to discard changes in working directory)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (dùng \"git checkout -- <tập-tin>...\" để bỏ thay đổi trong thư mục làm "
+"việc)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:179
+#: wt-status.c:215
 msgid "  (commit or discard the untracked or modified content in submodules)"
-msgstr "  (chuyển giao (commit) hoặc là loại bỏ các nội dung không-bị-theo-vết hay đã bị chỉnh sửa trong mô-đun-con)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (chuyển giao (commit) hoặc là loại bỏ các nội dung không-bị-theo-vết hay "
+"đã bị chỉnh sửa trong mô-đun-con)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:188
-#, c-format
-msgid "%s files:"
-msgstr "%s tệp tin:"
-
-#: wt-status.c:191
+#: wt-status.c:227
 #, c-format
 msgid "  (use \"git %s <file>...\" to include in what will be committed)"
-msgstr "  (sử dụng \"git %s <tập-tin>...\" để bao gồm thêm vào những gì cần chuyển giao (commit))"
+msgstr ""
+"  (dùng \"git %s <tập-tin>...\" để thêm vào những gì cần chuyển giao "
+"(commit))"
 
-#: wt-status.c:208
+#: wt-status.c:244
 msgid "bug"
 msgstr "lỗi"
 
-#: wt-status.c:213
+#: wt-status.c:249
 msgid "both deleted:"
 msgstr "bị xóa bởi cả hai:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:214
+#: wt-status.c:250
 msgid "added by us:"
-msgstr "được thêm vào bởi chúng tôi:"
+msgstr "được thêm vào bởi chúng ta:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:215
+#: wt-status.c:251
 msgid "deleted by them:"
 msgstr "bị xóa đi bởi họ:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:216
+#: wt-status.c:252
 msgid "added by them:"
 msgstr "được thêm vào bởi họ:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:217
+#: wt-status.c:253
 msgid "deleted by us:"
-msgstr "bị xóa bởi chúng tôi:"
+msgstr "bị xóa bởi chúng ta:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:218
+#: wt-status.c:254
 msgid "both added:"
 msgstr "được thêm vào bởi cả hai:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:219
+#: wt-status.c:255
 msgid "both modified:"
 msgstr "bị sửa bởi cả hai:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:249
+#: wt-status.c:285
 msgid "new commits, "
-msgstr " lần chuyển giao (commit) mới, "
+msgstr "lần chuyển giao (commit) mới, "
 
-#: wt-status.c:251
+#: wt-status.c:287
 msgid "modified content, "
-msgstr "nội dung được sửa đổi,"
+msgstr "nội dung bị sửa đổi, "
 
-#: wt-status.c:253
+#: wt-status.c:289
 msgid "untracked content, "
-msgstr "nội dung chưa được theo dõi"
+msgstr "nội dung chưa được theo dõi, "
 
-#: wt-status.c:267
+#: wt-status.c:306
 #, c-format
 msgid "new file:   %s"
 msgstr "tập tin mới:   %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:270
+#: wt-status.c:309
 #, c-format
 msgid "copied:     %s -> %s"
 msgstr "đã sao chép:     %s -> %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:273
+#: wt-status.c:312
 #, c-format
 msgid "deleted:    %s"
-msgstr "bị xóa:    %s"
+msgstr "đã xóa:    %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:276
+#: wt-status.c:315
 #, c-format
 msgid "modified:   %s"
-msgstr "bị sửa đổi:   %s"
+msgstr "đã sửa đổi:   %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:279
+#: wt-status.c:318
 #, c-format
 msgid "renamed:    %s -> %s"
 msgstr "đã đổi tên:    %s -> %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:282
+#: wt-status.c:321
 #, c-format
 msgid "typechange: %s"
 msgstr "đổi-kiểu: %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:285
+#: wt-status.c:324
 #, c-format
 msgid "unknown:    %s"
-msgstr "không rõ:    %s"
+msgstr "không hiểu:    %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:288
+#: wt-status.c:327
 #, c-format
 msgid "unmerged:   %s"
 msgstr "chưa hòa trộn:   %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:291
+#: wt-status.c:330
 #, c-format
 msgid "bug: unhandled diff status %c"
 msgstr "lỗi: không lấy được trạng thái lệnh diff %c"
 
-#: wt-status.c:737
-msgid "On branch "
-msgstr "Trên nhánh"
+#: wt-status.c:803
+msgid "You have unmerged paths."
+msgstr "Bạn có những đường dẫn chưa được hòa trộn."
 
-#: wt-status.c:744
+#: wt-status.c:806 wt-status.c:958
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git commit\")"
+msgstr "  (sửa các xung đột sau đó chạy \"git commit\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:809
+msgid "All conflicts fixed but you are still merging."
+msgstr "Tất cả các xung đột đã được giải quyết nhưng bạn vẫn đang hòa trộn."
+
+#: wt-status.c:812
+msgid "  (use \"git commit\" to conclude merge)"
+msgstr "  (dùng \"git commit\" để hoàn tất việc hòa trộn)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:822
+msgid "You are in the middle of an am session."
+msgstr "Bạn đang ở giữa của một phiên “am”."
+
+#: wt-status.c:825
+msgid "The current patch is empty."
+msgstr "Miếng vá hiện tại bị trống rỗng."
+
+#: wt-status.c:829
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --resolved\")"
+msgstr "  (sửa các xung đột và sau đó chạy lệnh \"git am --resolved\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:831
+msgid "  (use \"git am --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr "  (dùng \"git am --skip\" để bỏ qua miếng vá này)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:833
+msgid "  (use \"git am --abort\" to restore the original branch)"
+msgstr "  (dùng \"git am --abort\" để phục hồi lại nhánh nguyên thủy)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:893 wt-status.c:910
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr "Bạn hiện nay đang thực hiện việc rebase nhánh “%s” trên “%s”."
+
+#: wt-status.c:898 wt-status.c:915
+msgid "You are currently rebasing."
+msgstr "Bạn hiện nay đang thực hiện việc rebase (tái cấu trúc)."
+
+#: wt-status.c:901
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (sửa các xung đột và sau đó chạy lệnh \"git rebase --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:903
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr "  (dùng \"git rebase --skip\" để bỏ qua lần vá này)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:905
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --abort\" to check out the original branch)"
+msgstr "  (dùng \"git rebase --abort\" để check-out nhánh nguyên thủy)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:918
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (khi tất cả các xung đột đã sửa xong: chạy lệnh \"git rebase --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:922
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn hiện nay đang thực hiện việc chia tách một lần chuyển giao (commit) "
+"trong khi đang rebase nhánh “%s” trên “%s”."
+
+#: wt-status.c:927
+msgid "You are currently splitting a commit during a rebase."
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn hiện tại đang cắt đôi một lần chuyển giao trong khi đang thực hiện việc "
+"rebase."
+
+#: wt-status.c:930
+msgid "  (Once your working directory is clean, run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (Một khi thư mục làm việc của bạn đã gọn gàng, chạy \"git rebase --continue"
+"\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:934
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn hiện nay đang thực hiện việc sửa chữa một lần chuyển giao (commit) trong "
+"khi đang rebase nhánh “%s” trên “%s”."
+
+#: wt-status.c:939
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit during a rebase."
+msgstr "Bạn hiện đang sửa một lần chuyển giao trong khi bạn thực hiện rebase."
+
+#: wt-status.c:942
+msgid "  (use \"git commit --amend\" to amend the current commit)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (dùng \"git commit --amend\" để tu bổ lần chuyển giao (commit) hiện tại)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:944
+msgid ""
+"  (use \"git rebase --continue\" once you are satisfied with your changes)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (dùng \"git rebase --continue\" một khi bạn cảm thấy hài lòng về những "
+"thay đổi của mình)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:954
+msgid "You are currently cherry-picking."
+msgstr "Bạn hiện nay đang thực hiện việc cherry-pick."
+
+#: wt-status.c:961
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git commit\")"
+msgstr "  (khi tất cả các xung đột đã sửa xong: chạy lệnh \"git commit\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:970
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently reverting commit %s."
+msgstr "Bạn hiện nay đang thực hiện thao tác revert lần chuyển giao “%s”."
+
+#: wt-status.c:975
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (sửa các xung đột và sau đó chạy lệnh \"git revert --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:978
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (khi tất cả các xung đột đã sửa xong: chạy lệnh \"git revert --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:980
+msgid "  (use \"git revert --abort\" to cancel the revert operation)"
+msgstr "  (dùng \"git revert --abort\" để hủy bỏ thao tác revert)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:991
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently bisecting, started from branch '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn hiện nay đang thực hiện thao tác di chuyển nửa bước (bisect), bắt đầu từ "
+"nhánh “%s”."
+
+#: wt-status.c:995
+msgid "You are currently bisecting."
+msgstr "Bạn hiện tại đang thực hiện việc bisect (chia đôi)."
+
+#: wt-status.c:998
+msgid "  (use \"git bisect reset\" to get back to the original branch)"
+msgstr "  (dùng \"git bisect reset\" để quay trở lại nhánh nguyên thủy)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1173
+msgid "On branch "
+msgstr "Trên nhánh "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1184
+msgid "HEAD detached at "
+msgstr "HEAD được tách rời tại"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1186
+msgid "HEAD detached from "
+msgstr "HEAD được tách rời từ"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1189
 msgid "Not currently on any branch."
 msgstr "Hiện tại chẳng ở nhánh nào cả."
 
-#: wt-status.c:755
+#: wt-status.c:1206
 msgid "Initial commit"
 msgstr "Lần chuyển giao (commit) khởi đầu"
 
-#: wt-status.c:769
-msgid "Untracked"
-msgstr "Không được theo vết"
+#: wt-status.c:1220
+msgid "Untracked files"
+msgstr "Những tập tin chưa được theo dõi"
 
-#: wt-status.c:771
-msgid "Ignored"
-msgstr "Bị bỏ qua"
+#: wt-status.c:1222
+msgid "Ignored files"
+msgstr "Những tập tin bị lờ đi"
 
-#: wt-status.c:773
+#: wt-status.c:1226
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files. 'status -uno'\n"
+"may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add\n"
+"new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+msgstr ""
+"Cần %.2f giây để liệt kê tất cả các tập tin chưa được theo dõi. “status -"
+"uno”\n"
+"có lẽ làm nó nhanh hơn, nhưng bạn phải cẩn thận đừng quên mình phải\n"
+"tự thêm các tập tin mới (xem “git help status”.."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1232
 #, c-format
 msgid "Untracked files not listed%s"
 msgstr "Những tập tin không bị theo vết không được liệt kê ra %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:775
+#: wt-status.c:1234
 msgid " (use -u option to show untracked files)"
-msgstr " (sử dụng tùy chọn -u để hiển thị các tập tin chưa được theo dõi)"
+msgstr " (dùng tùy chọn -u để hiển thị các tập tin chưa được theo dõi)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:781
+#: wt-status.c:1240
 msgid "No changes"
 msgstr "Không có thay đổi nào"
 
-#: wt-status.c:785
+#: wt-status.c:1245
 #, c-format
-msgid "no changes added to commit%s\n"
-msgstr "không có thay đổi nào được thêm vào lần chuyển giao (commit)%s\n"
+msgid "no changes added to commit (use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")\n"
+msgstr ""
+"không có thay đổi nào được thêm vào commit (dùng \"git add\" và/hoặc \"git "
+"commit -a\")\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:787
-msgid " (use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")"
-msgstr " (sử dụng \"git add\" và/hoặc \"git commit -a\")"
-
-#: wt-status.c:789
+#: wt-status.c:1248
 #, c-format
-msgid "nothing added to commit but untracked files present%s\n"
-msgstr "không có gì được thêm vào lần chuyển giao (commit) nhưng có những tập tin không được theo dấu vết hiện diện%s\n"
+msgid "no changes added to commit\n"
+msgstr "không có thay đổi nào được thêm vào lần chuyển giao (commit)\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:791
-msgid " (use \"git add\" to track)"
-msgstr " (sử dụng \"git add\" để theo dõi dấu vết)"
-
-#: wt-status.c:793
-#: wt-status.c:796
-#: wt-status.c:799
+#: wt-status.c:1251
 #, c-format
-msgid "nothing to commit%s\n"
-msgstr "không có gì để chuyển giao (commit) %s\n"
+msgid ""
+"nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use \"git add\" to "
+"track)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"không có gì được thêm vào lần chuyển giao (commit) nhưng có những tập tin "
+"không được theo dấu vết hiện diện (dùng \"git add\" để đưa vào theo dõi)\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:794
-msgid " (create/copy files and use \"git add\" to track)"
-msgstr " (tạo/sao-chép các tập tin và sử dụng \"git add\" để theo dõi dấu vết)"
+#: wt-status.c:1254
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing added to commit but untracked files present\n"
+msgstr ""
+"không có gì được thêm vào lần chuyển giao (commit) nhưng có những tập tin "
+"không được theo dấu vết hiện diện\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:797
-msgid " (use -u to show untracked files)"
-msgstr " (sử dụng tùy chọn -u để hiển thị các tập tin chưa được theo dõi)"
+#: wt-status.c:1257
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (create/copy files and use \"git add\" to track)\n"
+msgstr ""
+" không có gì để commit (tạo/sao-chép các tập tin và dùng \"git add\" để theo "
+"dõi dấu vết)\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:800
-msgid " (working directory clean)"
-msgstr " (thư mục làm việc sạch sẽ)"
+#: wt-status.c:1260 wt-status.c:1265
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit\n"
+msgstr "không có gì để chuyển giao (commit)\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:908
+#: wt-status.c:1263
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"không có gì để chuyển giao (commit) (dùng -u để bỏ các tập tin cần theo dấu "
+"vết)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1267
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit, working directory clean\n"
+msgstr "không có gì để chuyển giao (commit), thư mục làm việc sạch sẽ\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1375
 msgid "HEAD (no branch)"
-msgstr "HEAD (chưa có nhánh nào)"
+msgstr "HEAD (không nhánh)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:914
+#: wt-status.c:1381
 msgid "Initial commit on "
-msgstr "Lần chuyển giao (commit)  khởi tạo trên"
+msgstr "Lần chuyển giao (commit) khởi tạo trên "
 
-#: wt-status.c:929
+#: wt-status.c:1396
 msgid "behind "
-msgstr "đằng sau"
+msgstr "đằng sau "
 
-#: wt-status.c:932
-#: wt-status.c:935
+#: wt-status.c:1399 wt-status.c:1402
 msgid "ahead "
-msgstr "phía trước"
+msgstr "phía trước "
 
-#: wt-status.c:937
+#: wt-status.c:1404
 msgid ", behind "
-msgstr ", đằng sau"
+msgstr ", đằng sau "
 
-#: builtin/add.c:62
+#: compat/precompose_utf8.c:58 builtin/clone.c:352
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to unlink '%s'"
+msgstr "bỏ liên kết (unlink) %s không thành công"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:20
+msgid "git add [options] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git add [các-tùy-chọn] [--]  <pathspec>..."
+
+#.
+#. * To be consistent with "git add -p" and most Git
+#. * commands, we should default to being tree-wide, but
+#. * this is not the original behavior and can't be
+#. * changed until users trained themselves not to type
+#. * "git add -u" or "git add -A". For now, we warn and
+#. * keep the old behavior. Later, the behavior can be changed
+#. * to tree-wide, keeping the warning for a while, and
+#. * eventually we can drop the warning.
+#.
+#: builtin/add.c:58
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The behavior of 'git add %s (or %s)' with no path argument from a\n"
+"subdirectory of the tree will change in Git 2.0 and should not be used "
+"anymore.\n"
+"To add content for the whole tree, run:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s :/\n"
+"  (or git add %s :/)\n"
+"\n"
+"To restrict the command to the current directory, run:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s .\n"
+"  (or git add %s .)\n"
+"\n"
+"With the current Git version, the command is restricted to the current "
+"directory.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Cách ứng xử của lệnh “git add %s (hay %s)” khi không có tham số đường dẫn "
+"từ\n"
+"thư-mục con của cây sẽ thay đổi kể từ Git 2.0 và không thể sử dụng như thế "
+"nữa.\n"
+"Để thêm nội dung cho toàn bộ cây, chạy:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s :/\n"
+"  (hay git add %s :/)\n"
+"\n"
+"Để hạn chế lệnh cho thư-mục hiện tại, chạy:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s .\n"
+"  (hay git add %s .)\n"
+"\n"
+"Với phiên bản hiện tại của Git, lệnh bị hạn chế cho thư-mục hiện tại.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You ran 'git add' with neither '-A (--all)' or '--ignore-removal',\n"
+"whose behaviour will change in Git 2.0 with respect to paths you removed.\n"
+"Paths like '%s' that are\n"
+"removed from your working tree are ignored with this version of Git.\n"
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --ignore-removal <pathspec>', which is the current default,\n"
+"  ignores paths you removed from your working tree.\n"
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --all <pathspec>' will let you also record the removals.\n"
+"\n"
+"Run 'git status' to check the paths you removed from your working tree.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn chạy “git add” mà không có “-A (--all)” cũng không “--ignore-removal”,\n"
+"cách ứng xử của nó sẽ thay đổi kể từ Git 2.0: nó quan tâm đến các đường dẫn "
+"mà\n"
+"bạn đã gỡ bỏ. Các đường dẫn như là “%s” cái mà\n"
+"bị gỡ bỏ từ cây làm việc của bạn thì bị bỏ qua với phiên bản này của Git.\n"
+"\n"
+"* “git add --ignore-removal <pathspec>”, cái hiện tại là mặc định,\n"
+"  bỏ qua các đường dẫn bạn đã gỡ bỏ từ cây làm việc của bạn.\n"
+"\n"
+"* “git add --all <pathspec>” sẽ đồng thời giúp bạn ghi lại việc dời đi.\n"
+"\n"
+"Chạy “git status” để kiểm tra các đường dẫn bạn đã gỡ bỏ từ cây làm việc của "
+"bạn.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:144
 #, c-format
 msgid "unexpected diff status %c"
 msgstr "trạng thái lệnh diff không như mong đợi %c"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:67
-#: builtin/commit.c:226
+#: builtin/add.c:149 builtin/commit.c:233
 msgid "updating files failed"
 msgstr "Cập nhật tập tin gặp lỗi"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:77
+#: builtin/add.c:163
 #, c-format
 msgid "remove '%s'\n"
-msgstr "gỡ bỏ '%s'\n"
+msgstr "gỡ bỏ “%s”\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:176
-#, c-format
-msgid "Path '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
-msgstr "Đường dẫn '%s' thì ở trong mô-đun-con '%.*s'"
-
-#: builtin/add.c:192
+#: builtin/add.c:253
 msgid "Unstaged changes after refreshing the index:"
-msgstr "Các thay đổi không được lưu trạng thái sau khi làm tươi mới lại bảng mục lục:"
+msgstr ""
+"Các thay đổi không được lưu trạng thái sau khi làm tươi mới lại bảng mục lục:"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:195
-#: builtin/add.c:456
-#: builtin/rm.c:186
+#: builtin/add.c:256 builtin/add.c:572 builtin/rm.c:275
 #, c-format
 msgid "pathspec '%s' did not match any files"
-msgstr "pathspec '%s' không khớp với bất kỳ tập tin nào"
+msgstr "pathspec “%s” không khớp với bất kỳ tập tin nào"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:209
-#, c-format
-msgid "'%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
-msgstr "'%s' nằm ngoài một liên kết tượng trưng"
-
-#: builtin/add.c:276
+#: builtin/add.c:339
 msgid "Could not read the index"
 msgstr "Không thể đọc bảng mục lục"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:286
+#: builtin/add.c:349
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing."
-msgstr "Không thể mở '%s' để ghi"
+msgstr "Không thể mở “%s” để ghi."
 
-#: builtin/add.c:290
+#: builtin/add.c:353
 msgid "Could not write patch"
 msgstr "Không thể ghi ra miếng vá"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:295
+#: builtin/add.c:358
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not stat '%s'"
-msgstr "không thể lấy trạng thái về '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể lấy trạng thái về “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:297
+#: builtin/add.c:360
 msgid "Empty patch. Aborted."
 msgstr "Miếng vá trống rỗng. Đã bỏ qua."
 
-#: builtin/add.c:303
+#: builtin/add.c:366
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not apply '%s'"
-msgstr "Không thể apply (áp dụng miếng vá) '%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể apply (áp dụng miếng vá) “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:312
+#: builtin/add.c:376
 msgid "The following paths are ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
-msgstr "Các đường dẫn theo sau đây sẽ bị lờ đi bởi một trong các tập tin .gitignore của bạn:\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Các đường dẫn theo sau đây sẽ bị lờ đi bởi một trong các tập tin .gitignore "
+"của bạn:\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:352
+#: builtin/add.c:393 builtin/clean.c:161 builtin/fetch.c:78 builtin/mv.c:63
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:76 builtin/push.c:425 builtin/remote.c:1253
+#: builtin/rm.c:206
+msgid "dry run"
+msgstr "chạy thử"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:394 builtin/apply.c:4409 builtin/check-ignore.c:19
+#: builtin/commit.c:1152 builtin/count-objects.c:95 builtin/fsck.c:613
+#: builtin/log.c:1518 builtin/mv.c:62 builtin/read-tree.c:112
+msgid "be verbose"
+msgstr "chi tiết"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:396
+msgid "interactive picking"
+msgstr "sửa bằng cách tương tác"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:397 builtin/checkout.c:1063 builtin/reset.c:258
+msgid "select hunks interactively"
+msgstr "chọn “hunks” một cách tương tác"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:398
+msgid "edit current diff and apply"
+msgstr "sửa diff hiện nay và áp dụng nó"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:399
+msgid "allow adding otherwise ignored files"
+msgstr "cho phép thêm các tập tin bị bỏ qua khác"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:400
+msgid "update tracked files"
+msgstr "cập nhật các tập tin được theo vết"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:401
+msgid "record only the fact that the path will be added later"
+msgstr "chỉ ghi lại sự việc mà đường dẫn sẽ được thêm vào sau"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:402
+msgid "add changes from all tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr ""
+"thêm các thay đổi từ tất cả các tập tin có cũng như không được theo dõi dấu "
+"vết"
+
+#. takes no arguments
+#: builtin/add.c:405
+msgid "ignore paths removed in the working tree (same as --no-all)"
+msgstr ""
+"lờ đi các đường dẫn bị gỡ bỏ trong cây thư mục làm việc (giống với --no-all)"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:407
+msgid "don't add, only refresh the index"
+msgstr "không thêm, chỉ làm tươi mới bảng mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:408
+msgid "just skip files which cannot be added because of errors"
+msgstr "chie bỏ qua những tập tin mà nó không thể được thêm vào bởi vì gặp lỗi"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:409
+msgid "check if - even missing - files are ignored in dry run"
+msgstr ""
+"kiểm tra xem - thậm chí thiếu - tập tin bị bỏ qua trong quá trình chạy thử"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:431
 #, c-format
 msgid "Use -f if you really want to add them.\n"
 msgstr "Sử dụng tùy chọn -f nếu bạn thực sự muốn thêm chúng vào.\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:353
+#: builtin/add.c:432
 msgid "no files added"
 msgstr "chưa có tập tin nào được thêm vào"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:359
+#: builtin/add.c:438
 msgid "adding files failed"
 msgstr "thêm tập tin gặp lỗi"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:391
+#: builtin/add.c:477
 msgid "-A and -u are mutually incompatible"
 msgstr "-A và -u xung khắc nhau"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:393
+#: builtin/add.c:495
 msgid "Option --ignore-missing can only be used together with --dry-run"
-msgstr "Tùy chọn --ignore-missing chỉ có thể được sử dụng cùng với --dry-run"
+msgstr "Tùy chọn --ignore-missing chỉ có thể được dùng cùng với --dry-run"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:413
+#: builtin/add.c:525
 #, c-format
 msgid "Nothing specified, nothing added.\n"
 msgstr "Không có gì được chỉ ra, không có gì được thêm vào.\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:414
+#: builtin/add.c:526
 #, c-format
 msgid "Maybe you wanted to say 'git add .'?\n"
-msgstr "Có lẽ bạn muốn nói là 'git add .' phải không?\n"
+msgstr "Có lẽ bạn muốn là “git add .” phải không?\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:420
-#: builtin/clean.c:95
-#: builtin/commit.c:286
-#: builtin/mv.c:82
-#: builtin/rm.c:162
+#: builtin/add.c:532 builtin/check-ignore.c:66 builtin/clean.c:204
+#: builtin/commit.c:293 builtin/mv.c:82 builtin/rm.c:235
 msgid "index file corrupt"
 msgstr "tập tin ghi bảng mục lục bị hỏng"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:476
-#: builtin/apply.c:4108
-#: builtin/mv.c:229
-#: builtin/rm.c:260
+#: builtin/add.c:604 builtin/apply.c:4505 builtin/mv.c:229 builtin/rm.c:370
 msgid "Unable to write new index file"
 msgstr "Không thể ghi tập tin lưu bảng mục lục mới"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:53
+#: builtin/apply.c:57
 msgid "git apply [options] [<patch>...]"
 msgstr "git apply [các-tùy-chọn] [<miếng-vá>...]"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:106
+#: builtin/apply.c:110
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized whitespace option '%s'"
-msgstr "không nhận ra tùy chọn về khoảng trắng '%s'"
+msgstr "không nhận ra tùy chọn về khoảng trắng “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:121
+#: builtin/apply.c:125
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized whitespace ignore option '%s'"
-msgstr "không nhận ra tùy chọn bỏ qua khoảng trắng '%s'"
+msgstr "không nhận ra tùy chọn bỏ qua khoảng trắng “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:815
+#: builtin/apply.c:823
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot prepare timestamp regexp %s"
-msgstr "Không thể chuẩn bị biểu thức chính qui dấu vết thời gian (timestamp regexp) %s"
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể chuẩn bị biểu thức chính qui dấu vết thời gian (timestamp regexp) "
+"%s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:824
+#: builtin/apply.c:832
 #, c-format
 msgid "regexec returned %d for input: %s"
 msgstr "thi hành biểu thức chính quy trả về %d cho kết xuất: %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:905
+#: builtin/apply.c:913
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to find filename in patch at line %d"
 msgstr "không thể tìm thấy tên tập tin trong miếng vá tại dòng %d"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:937
+#: builtin/apply.c:945
 #, c-format
 msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null, got %s on line %d"
 msgstr "git apply: git-diff sai - mong đợi /dev/null, đã nhận %s trên dòng %d"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:941
+#: builtin/apply.c:949
 #, c-format
 msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent new filename on line %d"
 msgstr "git apply: git-diff sai - tên tập tin mới mâu thuấn trên dòng %d"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:942
+#: builtin/apply.c:950
 #, c-format
 msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent old filename on line %d"
 msgstr "git apply: git-diff sai - tên tập tin cũ mâu thuấn trên dòng %d"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:949
+#: builtin/apply.c:957
 #, c-format
 msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null on line %d"
-msgstr "git apply: git-diff sai - mong đợi /dev/null trên dòng %d"
+msgstr "git apply: git-diff sai - cần /dev/null trên dòng %d"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1394
+#: builtin/apply.c:1422
 #, c-format
 msgid "recount: unexpected line: %.*s"
-msgstr "chi tiết: dòng không được mong đợi: %.*s"
+msgstr "chi tiết: dòng không cần: %.*s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1451
+#: builtin/apply.c:1479
 #, c-format
 msgid "patch fragment without header at line %d: %.*s"
 msgstr "miếng vá phân mảnh mà không có phần đầu tại dòng %d: %.*s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1468
+#: builtin/apply.c:1496
 #, c-format
-msgid "git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname component (line %d)"
-msgid_plural "git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname components (line %d)"
-msgstr[0] "phần đầu diff cho git  thiếu thông tin tên tập tin khi gỡ bỏ đi %d trong thành phần dẫn đầu tên của đường dẫn (dòng %d)"
-msgstr[1] "phần đầu diff cho git  thiếu thông tin tên tập tin khi gỡ bỏ đi %d trong thành phần dẫn đầu tên của đường dẫn (dòng %d)"
+msgid ""
+"git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
+"component (line %d)"
+msgid_plural ""
+"git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
+"components (line %d)"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"phần đầu diff cho git  thiếu thông tin tên tập tin khi gỡ bỏ đi %d trong "
+"thành phần dẫn đầu tên của đường dẫn (dòng %d)"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"phần đầu diff cho git  thiếu thông tin tên tập tin khi gỡ bỏ đi %d trong "
+"thành phần dẫn đầu tên của đường dẫn (dòng %d)"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1628
+#: builtin/apply.c:1656
 msgid "new file depends on old contents"
 msgstr "tập tin mới phụ thuộc vào nội dung cũ"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1630
+#: builtin/apply.c:1658
 msgid "deleted file still has contents"
 msgstr "tập tin đã xóa vẫn còn nội dung"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1656
+#: builtin/apply.c:1684
 #, c-format
 msgid "corrupt patch at line %d"
 msgstr "miếng vá hỏng tại dòng %d"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1692
+#: builtin/apply.c:1720
 #, c-format
 msgid "new file %s depends on old contents"
 msgstr "tập tin mới %s phụ thuộc vào nội dung cũ"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1694
+#: builtin/apply.c:1722
 #, c-format
 msgid "deleted file %s still has contents"
 msgstr "tập tin đã xóa %s vẫn còn nội dung"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1697
+#: builtin/apply.c:1725
 #, c-format
 msgid "** warning: file %s becomes empty but is not deleted"
 msgstr "** cảnh báo: tập tin %s trở nên trống rỗng nhưng không bị xóa"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1843
+#: builtin/apply.c:1871
 #, c-format
 msgid "corrupt binary patch at line %d: %.*s"
 msgstr "miếng vá định dạng nhị phân sai hỏng tại dòng %d: %.*s"
 
 #. there has to be one hunk (forward hunk)
-#: builtin/apply.c:1872
+#: builtin/apply.c:1900
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized binary patch at line %d"
 msgstr "miếng vá định dạng nhị phân không được nhận ra tại dòng %d"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1958
+#: builtin/apply.c:1986
 #, c-format
 msgid "patch with only garbage at line %d"
-msgstr "vá chỉ với 'garbage' tại dòng %d"
+msgstr "vá chỉ với “garbage” tại dòng %d"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2048
+#: builtin/apply.c:2076
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to read symlink %s"
 msgstr "không thể đọc liên kết tượng trưng %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2052
+#: builtin/apply.c:2080
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to open or read %s"
-msgstr "không thể mở để đọc hay ghi %s"
+msgstr "không thể mở hay đọc %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2123
-msgid "oops"
-msgstr "ôi?"
-
-#: builtin/apply.c:2645
+#: builtin/apply.c:2688
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid start of line: '%c'"
-msgstr "sai khởi đầu dòng: '%c'"
+msgstr "sai khởi đầu dòng: “%c”"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2763
+#: builtin/apply.c:2806
 #, c-format
 msgid "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d line)."
 msgid_plural "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d lines)."
 msgstr[0] "Khối dữ liệu #%d thành công tại %d (offset %d dòng)."
 msgstr[1] "Khối dữ liệu #%d thành công tại %d (offset %d dòng)."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2775
+#: builtin/apply.c:2818
 #, c-format
 msgid "Context reduced to (%ld/%ld) to apply fragment at %d"
-msgstr "Nội dung được giảm xuống (%ld/%ld) để áp dụng mảnh dữ liệu tại %d"
+msgstr "Nội dung bị giảm xuống (%ld/%ld) để áp dụng mảnh dữ liệu tại %d"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2781
+#: builtin/apply.c:2824
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "while searching for:\n"
@@ -1184,320 +2040,325 @@
 "Trong khi đang tìm kiếm cho:\n"
 "%.*s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2800
+#: builtin/apply.c:2843
 #, c-format
 msgid "missing binary patch data for '%s'"
-msgstr "thiếu dữ liệu của miếng vá định dạng nhị phân cho '%s'"
+msgstr "thiếu dữ liệu của miếng vá định dạng nhị phân cho “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2903
+#: builtin/apply.c:2946
 #, c-format
 msgid "binary patch does not apply to '%s'"
-msgstr "miếng vá định dạng nhị phân không được áp dụng cho '%s'"
+msgstr "miếng vá định dạng nhị phân không được áp dụng cho “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2909
+#: builtin/apply.c:2952
 #, c-format
 msgid "binary patch to '%s' creates incorrect result (expecting %s, got %s)"
-msgstr "vá nhị phân cho '%s' tạo ra kết quả không chính xác (đang chờ %s, đã nhận %s)"
+msgstr ""
+"vá nhị phân cho “%s” tạo ra kết quả không chính xác (mong chờ %s, lại nhận "
+"%s)"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2930
+#: builtin/apply.c:2973
 #, c-format
 msgid "patch failed: %s:%ld"
 msgstr "vá gặp lỗi: %s:%ld"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3045
+#: builtin/apply.c:3095
 #, c-format
-msgid "patch %s has been renamed/deleted"
-msgstr "miếng vá %s đã bị xóa/đổi tên"
+msgid "cannot checkout %s"
+msgstr "không thể \"checkout\" %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3052
-#: builtin/apply.c:3069
+#: builtin/apply.c:3140 builtin/apply.c:3149 builtin/apply.c:3193
 #, c-format
 msgid "read of %s failed"
 msgstr "đọc %s gặp lỗi"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3084
-msgid "removal patch leaves file contents"
-msgstr "loại bỏ miếng vá để lại nội dung tập tin"
-
-#: builtin/apply.c:3105
+#: builtin/apply.c:3173 builtin/apply.c:3395
 #, c-format
-msgid "%s: already exists in working directory"
-msgstr "%s: đã sẵn có trong thư mục đang làm việc"
+msgid "path %s has been renamed/deleted"
+msgstr "đường dẫn %s đã bị xóa/đổi tên"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3143
-#, c-format
-msgid "%s: has been deleted/renamed"
-msgstr "%s: đã được xóa/thay-tên"
-
-#: builtin/apply.c:3148
-#: builtin/apply.c:3179
-#, c-format
-msgid "%s: %s"
-msgstr "%s: %s"
-
-#: builtin/apply.c:3159
+#: builtin/apply.c:3254 builtin/apply.c:3409
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: does not exist in index"
 msgstr "%s: không tồn tại trong bảng mục lục"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3173
+#: builtin/apply.c:3258 builtin/apply.c:3401 builtin/apply.c:3423
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3263 builtin/apply.c:3417
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: does not match index"
 msgstr "%s: không khớp trong mục lục"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3190
+#: builtin/apply.c:3365
+msgid "removal patch leaves file contents"
+msgstr "loại bỏ miếng vá để lại nội dung tập tin"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3434
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: wrong type"
 msgstr "%s: sai kiểu"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3192
+#: builtin/apply.c:3436
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s has type %o, expected %o"
 msgstr "%s có kiểu %o, mong chờ %o"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3247
+#: builtin/apply.c:3537
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: already exists in index"
 msgstr "%s: đã có từ trước trong bảng mục lục"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3267
+#: builtin/apply.c:3540
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in working directory"
+msgstr "%s: đã sẵn có trong thư mục đang làm việc"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3560
 #, c-format
 msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o)"
 msgstr "chế độ mới (%o) của %s không khớp với chế độ cũ (%o)"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3272
+#: builtin/apply.c:3565
 #, c-format
 msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o) of %s"
 msgstr "chế độ mới (%o) của %s không khớp với chế độ cũ (%o) của %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3280
+#: builtin/apply.c:3573
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: patch does not apply"
 msgstr "%s: miếng vá không được áp dụng"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3293
+#: builtin/apply.c:3586
 #, c-format
 msgid "Checking patch %s..."
 msgstr "Đang kiểm tra miếng vá %s..."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3348
-#: builtin/checkout.c:212
-#: builtin/reset.c:158
+#: builtin/apply.c:3679 builtin/checkout.c:216 builtin/reset.c:124
 #, c-format
 msgid "make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"
-msgstr "make_cache_entry gặp lỗi đối với đường dẫn '%s'"
+msgstr "make_cache_entry gặp lỗi đối với đường dẫn “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3491
+#: builtin/apply.c:3822
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to remove %s from index"
 msgstr "không thể gỡ bỏ %s từ mục lục"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3518
+#: builtin/apply.c:3850
 #, c-format
 msgid "corrupt patch for subproject %s"
 msgstr "miếng vá sai hỏng cho dự án con (subproject) %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3522
+#: builtin/apply.c:3854
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to stat newly created file '%s'"
 msgstr "không thể lấy trạng thái về tập tin %s mới hơn đã được tạo"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3527
+#: builtin/apply.c:3859
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to create backing store for newly created file %s"
-msgstr "không thể tạo 'backing store' cho tập tin được tạo mới hơn %s"
+msgstr "không thể tạo “backing store” cho tập tin được tạo mới hơn %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3530
+#: builtin/apply.c:3862 builtin/apply.c:3970
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to add cache entry for %s"
 msgstr "không thể thêm mục nhớ tạm cho %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3563
+#: builtin/apply.c:3895
 #, c-format
 msgid "closing file '%s'"
-msgstr "đang đóng tập tin '%s'"
+msgstr "đang đóng tập tin “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3612
+#: builtin/apply.c:3944
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to write file '%s' mode %o"
-msgstr "không thể ghi vào tập tin '%s' chế độ (mode) %o"
+msgstr "không thể ghi vào tập tin “%s” chế độ (mode) %o"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3668
+#: builtin/apply.c:4031
 #, c-format
 msgid "Applied patch %s cleanly."
 msgstr "Đã áp dụng miếng và %s một cách sạch sẽ."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3676
+#: builtin/apply.c:4039
 msgid "internal error"
 msgstr "lỗi nội bộ"
 
 #. Say this even without --verbose
-#: builtin/apply.c:3679
+#: builtin/apply.c:4042
 #, c-format
 msgid "Applying patch %%s with %d reject..."
 msgid_plural "Applying patch %%s with %d rejects..."
 msgstr[0] "Đang áp dụng miếng vá %%s với %d lần từ chối..."
 msgstr[1] "Đang áp dụng miếng vá %%s với %d lần từ chối..."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3689
+#: builtin/apply.c:4052
 #, c-format
 msgid "truncating .rej filename to %.*s.rej"
 msgstr "đang cắt cụt tên tập tin .rej thành %.*s.rej"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3710
+#: builtin/apply.c:4073
 #, c-format
 msgid "Hunk #%d applied cleanly."
 msgstr "Khối nhớ #%d được áp dụng gọn gàng."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3713
+#: builtin/apply.c:4076
 #, c-format
 msgid "Rejected hunk #%d."
 msgstr "hunk #%d bị từ chối."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3844
+#: builtin/apply.c:4226
 msgid "unrecognized input"
 msgstr "không thừa nhận đầu vào"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3855
+#: builtin/apply.c:4237
 msgid "unable to read index file"
 msgstr "không thể đọc tập tin lưu bảng mục lục"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3970
-#: builtin/apply.c:3973
+#: builtin/apply.c:4356 builtin/apply.c:4359 builtin/clone.c:92
+#: builtin/fetch.c:63
 msgid "path"
 msgstr "đường-dẫn"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3971
+#: builtin/apply.c:4357
 msgid "don't apply changes matching the given path"
 msgstr "không áp dụng các thay đổi khớp với đường dẫn đã cho"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3974
+#: builtin/apply.c:4360
 msgid "apply changes matching the given path"
 msgstr "áp dụng các thay đổi khớp với đường dẫn đã cho"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3976
+#: builtin/apply.c:4362
 msgid "num"
 msgstr "số"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3977
+#: builtin/apply.c:4363
 msgid "remove <num> leading slashes from traditional diff paths"
 msgstr "gỡ bỏ <số> phần dẫn đầu (slashe) từ đường dẫn diff cổ điển"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3980
+#: builtin/apply.c:4366
 msgid "ignore additions made by the patch"
 msgstr "lờ đi phần phụ thêm tạo ra bởi miếng vá"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3982
+#: builtin/apply.c:4368
 msgid "instead of applying the patch, output diffstat for the input"
-msgstr "thay vì áp dụng một miếng vá, kết xuất kết quả từ lệnh diffstat cho đầu ra"
+msgstr ""
+"thay vì áp dụng một miếng vá, kết xuất kết quả từ lệnh diffstat cho đầu ra"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3986
-msgid "shows number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation"
-msgstr "hiển thị số lượng các dòng được thêm vào và xóa đi theo ký hiệu thập phân"
+#: builtin/apply.c:4372
+msgid "show number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation"
+msgstr ""
+"hiển thị số lượng các dòng được thêm vào và xóa đi theo ký hiệu thập phân"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3988
+#: builtin/apply.c:4374
 msgid "instead of applying the patch, output a summary for the input"
 msgstr "thay vì áp dụng một miếng vá, kết xuất kết quả cho đầu vào"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3990
+#: builtin/apply.c:4376
 msgid "instead of applying the patch, see if the patch is applicable"
 msgstr "thay vì áp dụng miếng vá, hãy xem xem miếng vá có thích hợp không"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3992
+#: builtin/apply.c:4378
 msgid "make sure the patch is applicable to the current index"
 msgstr "hãy chắc chắn là miếng vá thích hợp với bảng mục lục hiện hành"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3994
+#: builtin/apply.c:4380
 msgid "apply a patch without touching the working tree"
 msgstr "áp dụng một miếng vá mà không động chạm đến cây làm việc"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3996
+#: builtin/apply.c:4382
 msgid "also apply the patch (use with --stat/--summary/--check)"
-msgstr "đồng thời áp dụng miếng vá (sử dụng với tùy chọn --stat/--summary/--check)"
+msgstr ""
+"đồng thời áp dụng miếng vá (dùng với tùy chọn --stat/--summary/--check)"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3998
+#: builtin/apply.c:4384
+msgid "attempt three-way merge if a patch does not apply"
+msgstr "thử hòa trộn kiểu three-way nếu việc vá không thể thực hiện được"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4386
 msgid "build a temporary index based on embedded index information"
-msgstr "xây dựng bảng mục lục tạm thời trên cơ sở thông tin bảng mục lục được nhúng"
+msgstr ""
+"xây dựng bảng mục lục tạm thời trên cơ sở thông tin bảng mục lục được nhúng"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4000
+#: builtin/apply.c:4388 builtin/checkout-index.c:197 builtin/ls-files.c:456
 msgid "paths are separated with NUL character"
 msgstr "các đường dẫn bị ngăn cách bởi ký tự NULL"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4003
+#: builtin/apply.c:4391
 msgid "ensure at least <n> lines of context match"
 msgstr "đảm bảo rằng có ít nhất <n> dòng nội dung khớp"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4004
+#: builtin/apply.c:4392
 msgid "action"
 msgstr "hành động"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4005
+#: builtin/apply.c:4393
 msgid "detect new or modified lines that have whitespace errors"
 msgstr "tìm thấy một dòng mới hoặc bị sửa đổi mà nó có lỗi do khoảng trắng"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4008
-#: builtin/apply.c:4011
+#: builtin/apply.c:4396 builtin/apply.c:4399
 msgid "ignore changes in whitespace when finding context"
 msgstr "lờ đi sự thay đổi do khoảng trắng khi quét nội dung"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4014
+#: builtin/apply.c:4402
 msgid "apply the patch in reverse"
 msgstr "áp dụng miếng vá theo chiều ngược"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4016
+#: builtin/apply.c:4404
 msgid "don't expect at least one line of context"
 msgstr "đừng hy vọng có ít nhất một dòng nội dung"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4018
+#: builtin/apply.c:4406
 msgid "leave the rejected hunks in corresponding *.rej files"
 msgstr "để lại khối dữ liệu bị từ chối trong các tập tin *.rej tương ứng"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4020
+#: builtin/apply.c:4408
 msgid "allow overlapping hunks"
 msgstr "cho phép chồng khối nhớ"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4021
-msgid "be verbose"
-msgstr "chi tiết"
-
-#: builtin/apply.c:4023
+#: builtin/apply.c:4411
 msgid "tolerate incorrectly detected missing new-line at the end of file"
-msgstr "dung sai không chính xác đã tìm thấy thiếu dòng mới tại cuối tập tin"
+msgstr ""
+"đã dò tìm thấy dung sai không chính xác thiếu dòng mới tại cuối tập tin"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4026
+#: builtin/apply.c:4414
 msgid "do not trust the line counts in the hunk headers"
 msgstr "không tin số lượng dòng trong phần đầu khối dữ liệu"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4028
+#: builtin/apply.c:4416
 msgid "root"
 msgstr "root"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4029
+#: builtin/apply.c:4417
 msgid "prepend <root> to all filenames"
 msgstr "treo thêm <root> vào tất cả các tên tập tin"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4050
+#: builtin/apply.c:4439
+msgid "--3way outside a repository"
+msgstr "--3way ở ngoài một kho chứa"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4447
 msgid "--index outside a repository"
 msgstr "--index ở ngoài một kho chứa"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4053
+#: builtin/apply.c:4450
 msgid "--cached outside a repository"
 msgstr "--cached ở ngoài một kho chứa"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4069
+#: builtin/apply.c:4466
 #, c-format
 msgid "can't open patch '%s'"
-msgstr "không thể mở miếng vá '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể mở miếng vá “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4083
+#: builtin/apply.c:4480
 #, c-format
 msgid "squelched %d whitespace error"
 msgid_plural "squelched %d whitespace errors"
 msgstr[0] "đã chấm dứt %d lỗi khoảng trắng"
 msgstr[1] "đã chấm dứt %d lỗi khoảng trắng"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4089
-#: builtin/apply.c:4099
+#: builtin/apply.c:4486 builtin/apply.c:4496
 #, c-format
 msgid "%d line adds whitespace errors."
 msgid_plural "%d lines add whitespace errors."
@@ -1507,7 +2368,7 @@
 #: builtin/archive.c:17
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create archive file '%s'"
-msgstr "không thể tạo tập tin kho (lưu trữ, nén) '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể tạo tập tin kho (lưu trữ, nén) “%s”"
 
 #: builtin/archive.c:20
 msgid "could not redirect output"
@@ -1521,204 +2382,548 @@
 msgid "git archive: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF"
 msgstr "git archive: mong đợi ACK/NAK, nhận EOF"
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:63
+#: builtin/archive.c:61
 #, c-format
 msgid "git archive: NACK %s"
 msgstr "git archive: NACK %s"
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:65
+#: builtin/archive.c:63
 #, c-format
 msgid "remote error: %s"
 msgstr "lỗi máy chủ: %s"
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:66
+#: builtin/archive.c:64
 msgid "git archive: protocol error"
 msgstr "git archive: lỗi giao thức"
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:71
+#: builtin/archive.c:68
 msgid "git archive: expected a flush"
 msgstr "git archive: đã mong chờ một flush"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:144
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:7
+msgid "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
+msgstr "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:17
+msgid "perform 'git bisect next'"
+msgstr "thực hiện “git bisect next”"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:19
+msgid "update BISECT_HEAD instead of checking out the current commit"
+msgstr ""
+"cập nhật BISECT_HEAD thay vì lấy ra (checking out) lần chuyển giao (commit) "
+"hiện hành"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:25
+msgid "git blame [options] [rev-opts] [rev] [--] file"
+msgstr "git blame [các-tùy-chọn] [rev-opts] [rev] [--] tập-tin"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:30
+msgid "[rev-opts] are documented in git-rev-list(1)"
+msgstr "[rev-opts] được mô tả trong git-rev-list(1)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2355
+msgid "Show blame entries as we find them, incrementally"
+msgstr "Hiển thị các mục “blame” như là chúng ta thấy chúng, tăng dần"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2356
+msgid "Show blank SHA-1 for boundary commits (Default: off)"
+msgstr ""
+"Hiển thị SHA-1 trắng cho những lần chuyển giao biên giới (Mặc định: off)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2357
+msgid "Do not treat root commits as boundaries (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Không coi các lần chuyển giao gốc là giới hạn (Mặc định: off)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2358
+msgid "Show work cost statistics"
+msgstr "Hiển thị thống kê công sức làm việc"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2359
+msgid "Show output score for blame entries"
+msgstr "Hiển thị kết xuất điểm số có các mục tin “blame”"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2360
+msgid "Show original filename (Default: auto)"
+msgstr "Hiển thị tên tập tin gốc (Mặc định: auto)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2361
+msgid "Show original linenumber (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Hiển thị số dòng gốc (Mặc định: off)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2362
+msgid "Show in a format designed for machine consumption"
+msgstr "Hiển thị ở định dạng đã thiết kế cho sự tiêu dùng bằng máy"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2363
+msgid "Show porcelain format with per-line commit information"
+msgstr "Hiển thị định dạng “porcelain” với thông tin chuyển giao mỗi dòng"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2364
+msgid "Use the same output mode as git-annotate (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Dùng cùng chế độ xuất ra vóigit-annotate (Mặc định: off)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2365
+msgid "Show raw timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Hiển thị dấu vết thời gian dạng thô (Mặc định: off)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2366
+msgid "Show long commit SHA1 (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Hiển thị SHA1 của lần chuyển giao (commit) dạng dài (Mặc định: off)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2367
+msgid "Suppress author name and timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Không hiển thị tên tác giả và dấu vết thời gian (Mặc định: off)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2368
+msgid "Show author email instead of name (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Hiển thị thư điện tử của tác giả thay vì tên (Mặc định: off)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2369
+msgid "Ignore whitespace differences"
+msgstr "Bỏ qua các khác biệt do khoảng trắng gây ra"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2370
+msgid "Spend extra cycles to find better match"
+msgstr "Tiêu thụ thêm năng tài nguyên máy móc để tìm kiếm tốt hơn nữa"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2371
+msgid "Use revisions from <file> instead of calling git-rev-list"
+msgstr ""
+"Sử dụng điểm xét duyệt (revision) từ <tập tin> thay vì gọi “git-rev-list”"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2372
+msgid "Use <file>'s contents as the final image"
+msgstr "Sử dụng nội dung của <tập tin> như là ảnh cuối cùng"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2373 builtin/blame.c:2374
+msgid "score"
+msgstr "điểm số"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2373
+msgid "Find line copies within and across files"
+msgstr "Tìm các bản sao chép dòng trong và ngang qua tập tin"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2374
+msgid "Find line movements within and across files"
+msgstr "Tìm các di chuyển dòng trong và ngang qua tập tin"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2375
+msgid "n,m"
+msgstr "n,m"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2375
+msgid "Process only line range n,m, counting from 1"
+msgstr "Xử lý chỉ dòng vùng n,m, tính từ 1"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:24
+msgid "git branch [options] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+msgstr "git branch [các-tùy-chọn] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:25
+msgid "git branch [options] [-l] [-f] <branchname> [<start-point>]"
+msgstr "git branch [các-tùy-chọn] [-l] [-f] <tên-nhánh> [<điểm-đầu>]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:26
+msgid "git branch [options] [-r] (-d | -D) <branchname>..."
+msgstr "git branch [các-tùy-chọn] [-r] (-d | -D) <tên-nhánh> ..."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:27
+msgid "git branch [options] (-m | -M) [<oldbranch>] <newbranch>"
+msgstr "git branch [các-tùy-chọn] (-m | -M) [<nhánh-cũ>] <nhánh-mới>"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:150
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "deleting branch '%s' that has been merged to\n"
 "         '%s', but not yet merged to HEAD."
 msgstr ""
-"đang xóa nhánh '%s' mà nó lại đã được hòa trộn vào\n"
-"         '%s', nhưng vẫn chưa được hòa trộn vào HEAD."
+"đang xóa nhánh “%s” mà nó lại đã được hòa trộn vào\n"
+"         “%s”, nhưng vẫn chưa được hòa trộn vào HEAD."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:148
+#: builtin/branch.c:154
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "not deleting branch '%s' that is not yet merged to\n"
 "         '%s', even though it is merged to HEAD."
 msgstr ""
-"không xóa nhánh '%s' cái mà chưa được hòa trộng vào\n"
-"         '%s', cho dù là nó đã được hòa trộn vào HEAD."
+"không xóa nhánh “%s” cái mà chưa được hòa trộn vào\n"
+"         “%s”, cho dù là nó đã được hòa trộn vào HEAD."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:180
-msgid "cannot use -a with -d"
-msgstr "không thể sử dụng -a với -d"
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:186
-msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD"
-msgstr "Không thể tìm kiếm đối tượng chuyển giao (commit) cho HEAD"
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:191
-#, c-format
-msgid "Cannot delete the branch '%s' which you are currently on."
-msgstr "Không thể xóa nhánh '%s' cái mà bạn hiện nay đang ở."
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:202
-#, c-format
-msgid "remote branch '%s' not found."
-msgstr "nhánh máy chủ '%s' không tìm thấy."
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:203
-#, c-format
-msgid "branch '%s' not found."
-msgstr "không tìm thấy nhánh '%s'."
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:210
+#: builtin/branch.c:168
 #, c-format
 msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for '%s'"
-msgstr "Không thể tìm kiếm đối tượng chuyển giao (commit) cho '%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể tìm kiếm đối tượng chuyển giao (commit) cho “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:216
+#: builtin/branch.c:172
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The branch '%s' is not fully merged.\n"
 "If you are sure you want to delete it, run 'git branch -D %s'."
 msgstr ""
-"Nhánh '%s' không được trộn một cách đầy đủ.\n"
-"Nếu bạn thực sự muốn xóa nó, thì chạy lệnh 'git branch -D %s'."
+"Nhánh “%s” không được trộn một cách đầy đủ.\n"
+"Nếu bạn thực sự muốn xóa nó, thì chạy lệnh “git branch -D %s”."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:225
+#: builtin/branch.c:185
+msgid "Update of config-file failed"
+msgstr "Cập nhật tập tin cấu hình gặp lỗi"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:213
+msgid "cannot use -a with -d"
+msgstr "không thể dùng tùy chọn -a với -d"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:219
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD"
+msgstr "Không thể tìm kiếm đối tượng chuyển giao (commit) cho HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:227
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot delete the branch '%s' which you are currently on."
+msgstr "Không thể xóa nhánh “%s” cái mà bạn hiện nay đang ở."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:240
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "không tìm thấy nhánh máy chủ “%s”."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "không tìm thấy nhánh “%s”."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:255
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error deleting remote branch '%s'"
-msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đang xóa nhánh máy chủ '%s'"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đang xóa nhánh trên máy chủ “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:226
+#: builtin/branch.c:256
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error deleting branch '%s'"
-msgstr "Lỗi khi xoá bỏ nhánh '%s'"
+msgstr "Lỗi khi xoá bỏ nhánh “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:233
+#: builtin/branch.c:263
 #, c-format
 msgid "Deleted remote branch %s (was %s).\n"
-msgstr "Nhánh máy chủ đã xóa %s (trước là %s).\n"
+msgstr "Nhánh trên máy chủ \"%s\" đã bị xóa (từng là %s).\n"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:234
+#: builtin/branch.c:264
 #, c-format
 msgid "Deleted branch %s (was %s).\n"
-msgstr "Nhánh đã bị xóa '%s' (trước là %s)\n"
+msgstr "Nhánh “%s” đã bị xóa (từng là %s)\n"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:239
-msgid "Update of config-file failed"
-msgstr "Cập nhật tệp tin cấu hình gặp lỗi"
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:337
+#: builtin/branch.c:366
 #, c-format
 msgid "branch '%s' does not point at a commit"
-msgstr "nhánh '%s' không chỉ đến một lần chuyển giao (commit) nào cả"
+msgstr "nhánh “%s” không chỉ đến một lần chuyển giao (commit) nào cả"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:409
+#: builtin/branch.c:453
 #, c-format
 msgid "[%s: behind %d]"
 msgstr "[%s: đằng sau %d]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:411
+#: builtin/branch.c:455
 #, c-format
 msgid "[behind %d]"
 msgstr "[đằng sau %d]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:415
+#: builtin/branch.c:459
 #, c-format
 msgid "[%s: ahead %d]"
 msgstr "[%s: phía trước %d]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:417
+#: builtin/branch.c:461
 #, c-format
 msgid "[ahead %d]"
 msgstr "[phía trước %d]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:420
+#: builtin/branch.c:464
 #, c-format
 msgid "[%s: ahead %d, behind %d]"
-msgstr "[%s: phía trước %d, phía sau %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: trước %d, sau %d]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:423
+#: builtin/branch.c:467
 #, c-format
 msgid "[ahead %d, behind %d]"
-msgstr "[phía trước %d, phía sau %d]"
+msgstr "[trước %d, sau %d]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:535
+#: builtin/branch.c:490
+msgid " **** invalid ref ****"
+msgstr " **** tham chiếu sai ****"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, rebasing %s)"
+msgstr "(không nhánh, đang rebase %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:585
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, bisect started on %s)"
+msgstr "(không nhánh, bisect được bắt đầu tại %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:588
+#, c-format
+msgid "(detached from %s)"
+msgstr "(được tách rời từ %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:591
 msgid "(no branch)"
-msgstr "(không có nhánh nào)"
+msgstr "(không nhánh)"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:600
+#: builtin/branch.c:637
+#, c-format
+msgid "object '%s' does not point to a commit"
+msgstr "đối tượng “%s” không chỉ đến một lần chuyển giao (commit) nào cả"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:669
 msgid "some refs could not be read"
 msgstr "một số tham chiếu đã không thể đọc được"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:613
+#: builtin/branch.c:682
 msgid "cannot rename the current branch while not on any."
 msgstr "không thể đổi tên nhánh hiện hành trong khi nó chẳng ở đâu cả."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:623
+#: builtin/branch.c:692
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid branch name: '%s'"
-msgstr "tên nhánh sai: '%s'"
+msgstr "Sai tên nhánh: “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:638
+#: builtin/branch.c:707
 msgid "Branch rename failed"
 msgstr "Đổi tên nhánh gặp lỗi"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:642
+#: builtin/branch.c:711
 #, c-format
 msgid "Renamed a misnamed branch '%s' away"
-msgstr "Đã đổi tên nhánh khuyết danh '%s' đi"
+msgstr "Đã đổi tên nhánh khuyết danh “%s” đi"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:646
+#: builtin/branch.c:715
 #, c-format
 msgid "Branch renamed to %s, but HEAD is not updated!"
 msgstr "Nhánh bị đổi tên thành %s, nhưng HEAD lại không được cập nhật!"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:653
+#: builtin/branch.c:722
 msgid "Branch is renamed, but update of config-file failed"
 msgstr "Nhánh bị đổi tên, nhưng cập nhật tập tin cấu hình gặp lỗi"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:668
+#: builtin/branch.c:737
 #, c-format
 msgid "malformed object name %s"
 msgstr "tên đối tượng dị hình %s"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:692
+#: builtin/branch.c:761
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not write branch description template: %s"
 msgstr "không thể ghi vào mẫu mô tả nhánh: %s"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:783
+#: builtin/branch.c:791
+msgid "Generic options"
+msgstr "Tùy chọn chung"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:793
+msgid "show hash and subject, give twice for upstream branch"
+msgstr "hiển thị mã băm và chủ đề, đưa ra hai lần cho nhánh thượng nguồn"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:794
+msgid "suppress informational messages"
+msgstr "Thu hồi các thông điệp thông tin"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:795
+msgid "set up tracking mode (see git-pull(1))"
+msgstr "cài đặt chế độ theo vết (xem git-pull(1))"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:797
+msgid "change upstream info"
+msgstr "thay đổi thông tin thượng nguồn (upstream)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:801
+msgid "use colored output"
+msgstr "sử dụng kết xuất có tô màu"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:802
+msgid "act on remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "thao tác trên nhánh “remote-tracking”"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:805 builtin/branch.c:811 builtin/branch.c:832
+#: builtin/branch.c:838 builtin/commit.c:1368 builtin/commit.c:1369
+#: builtin/commit.c:1370 builtin/commit.c:1371 builtin/tag.c:468
+msgid "commit"
+msgstr "commit"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:806 builtin/branch.c:812
+msgid "print only branches that contain the commit"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị những nhánh mà nó chứa lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:818
+msgid "Specific git-branch actions:"
+msgstr "Hành động git-branch:"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:819
+msgid "list both remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr "liệt kê cả nhánh “remote-tracking” và nội bộ"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:821
+msgid "delete fully merged branch"
+msgstr "xóa một cách đầy đủ nhánh đã hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:822
+msgid "delete branch (even if not merged)"
+msgstr "xoá nhánh (cho dù là chưa được hòa trộn)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:823
+msgid "move/rename a branch and its reflog"
+msgstr "di chuyển hay đổi tên một nhánh và reflog của nó"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:824
+msgid "move/rename a branch, even if target exists"
+msgstr "di chuyển hoặc đổi tên một nhánh, thậm chí cả khi đích đã có sẵn"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:825
+msgid "list branch names"
+msgstr "liệt kê các tên nhánh"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:826
+msgid "create the branch's reflog"
+msgstr "tạo reflog của nhánh"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:828
+msgid "edit the description for the branch"
+msgstr "sửa mô tả cho nhánh"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:829
+msgid "force creation (when already exists)"
+msgstr "ép buộc tạo (khi đã sẵn tồn tại rồi)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:832
+msgid "print only not merged branches"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị các nhánh chưa được hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:838
+msgid "print only merged branches"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị các nhánh được hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:842
+msgid "list branches in columns"
+msgstr "liệt kê các nhánh trong các cột"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:855
 msgid "Failed to resolve HEAD as a valid ref."
-msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi giải quyết HEAD như là một tham chiếu (ref) hợp lệ."
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi phân giải HEAD như là một tham chiếu (ref) hợp lệ."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:788
-#: builtin/clone.c:558
+#: builtin/branch.c:860 builtin/clone.c:619
 msgid "HEAD not found below refs/heads!"
-msgstr "HEAD không tìm thấy ở dưới refs/heads!"
+msgstr "không tìm thấy HEAD ở dưới refs/heads!"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:808
+#: builtin/branch.c:883
 msgid "--column and --verbose are incompatible"
 msgstr "--column và --verbose xung khắc nhau"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:857
+#: builtin/branch.c:889 builtin/branch.c:928
+msgid "branch name required"
+msgstr "cần tên nhánh"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:904
+msgid "Cannot give description to detached HEAD"
+msgstr "Không thể đưa ra mô tả HEAD đã tách rời"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:909
+msgid "cannot edit description of more than one branch"
+msgstr "không thể sửa mô tả cho nhiều hơn một nhánh"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:916
+#, c-format
+msgid "No commit on branch '%s' yet."
+msgstr "Vẫn chưa chuyển giao trên nhánh “%s”."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:919
+#, c-format
+msgid "No branch named '%s'."
+msgstr "Không có nhánh nào có tên “%s”."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:934
+msgid "too many branches for a rename operation"
+msgstr "quá nhiều nhánh dành cho thao tác đổi tên"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:939
+msgid "too many branches to set new upstream"
+msgstr "quá nhiều nhánh được đặt cho dòng ngược (upstream) mới"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:943
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"could not set upstream of HEAD to %s when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+"không thể đặt dòng ngược (upstream) của HEAD thành %s khi mà nó chẳng chỉ "
+"đến nhánh nào cả."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:946 builtin/branch.c:968 builtin/branch.c:990
+#, c-format
+msgid "no such branch '%s'"
+msgstr "không có nhánh nào như thế “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:950
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "nhánh “%s” chưa sẵn có"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:962
+msgid "too many branches to unset upstream"
+msgstr "quá nhiều nhánh để bỏ đặt ngược dòng (upstream)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:966
+msgid "could not unset upstream of HEAD when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+"không thể bỏ đặt ngược dòng (upstream) của HEAD không chỉ đến một nhánh nào "
+"cả."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:972
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch '%s' has no upstream information"
+msgstr "Nhánh “%s” không có thông tin thượng nguồn (upstream)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:987
+msgid "it does not make sense to create 'HEAD' manually"
+msgstr "không hợp lý khi tạo “HEAD” thủ công "
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:993
 msgid "-a and -r options to 'git branch' do not make sense with a branch name"
-msgstr "hai tùy chọn -a và -r áp dụng cho lệnh 'git branch' không hợp lý đối với tên nhánh"
+msgstr ""
+"hai tùy chọn -a và -r áp dụng cho lệnh “git branch” không hợp lý đối với tên "
+"nhánh"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:996
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using --"
+"track or --set-upstream-to\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Cờ --set-upstream bị phản đối và sẽ bị xóa bỏ. Nên dùng --track hoặc --set-"
+"upstream-to\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1013
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you wanted to make '%s' track '%s', do this:\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Nếu bạn muốn “%s” theo dõi “%s”, thực hiện lệnh sau:\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1014
+#, c-format
+msgid "    git branch -d %s\n"
+msgstr "    git branch -d %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1015
+#, c-format
+msgid "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
+msgstr "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
 
 #: builtin/bundle.c:47
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s is okay\n"
-msgstr "'%s' tốt\n"
+msgstr "“%s” tốt\n"
 
 #: builtin/bundle.c:56
 msgid "Need a repository to create a bundle."
@@ -1728,107 +2933,250 @@
 msgid "Need a repository to unbundle."
 msgstr "Cần một kho chứa để mà bung một bundle."
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:113
-#: builtin/checkout.c:146
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:176
+msgid "git cat-file (-t|-s|-e|-p|<type>|--textconv) <object>"
+msgstr "git cat-file (-t|-s|-e|-p|<kiểu>|--textconv) <đối tượng>"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:177
+msgid "git cat-file (--batch|--batch-check) < <list_of_objects>"
+msgstr "git cat-file (--batch|--batch-check) < <danh-sách-đối-tượng>"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:195
+msgid "<type> can be one of: blob, tree, commit, tag"
+msgstr "<kiểu> là một trong số: blob, tree, commit, tag"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:196
+msgid "show object type"
+msgstr "hiển thị kiểu đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:197
+msgid "show object size"
+msgstr "hiển thị kích thước đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:199
+msgid "exit with zero when there's no error"
+msgstr "thoát với 0 khi không có lỗi"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:200
+msgid "pretty-print object's content"
+msgstr "in nội dung đối tượng dạng dễ đọc"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:202
+msgid "for blob objects, run textconv on object's content"
+msgstr "với đối tượng blob, chạy lệnh textconv trên nội dung của đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:204
+msgid "show info and content of objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr ""
+"hiển thị thông tin và nội dung của các đối tượng lấy từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:207
+msgid "show info about objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr "hiển thị các thông tin về đối tượng fed  từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:11
+msgid "git check-attr [-a | --all | attr...] [--] pathname..."
+msgstr "git check-attr [-a | --all | attr...] [--] tên-đường-dẫn..."
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:12
+msgid "git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | attr...] < <list-of-paths>"
+msgstr ""
+"git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | attr...] < <danh-sách-đường-dẫn>"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:19
+msgid "report all attributes set on file"
+msgstr "báo cáo tất cả các thuộc tính đặt trên tập tin"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:20
+msgid "use .gitattributes only from the index"
+msgstr "chỉ sử dụng .gitattributes từ bảng mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:21 builtin/check-ignore.c:22 builtin/hash-object.c:75
+msgid "read file names from stdin"
+msgstr "đọc tên tập tin từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:23 builtin/check-ignore.c:24
+msgid "input paths are terminated by a null character"
+msgstr "các đường dẫn được  ngăn cách bởi ký tự null"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:18 builtin/checkout.c:1044 builtin/gc.c:177
+msgid "suppress progress reporting"
+msgstr "chặn các báo cáo tiến trình hoạt động"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:146
+msgid "cannot specify pathnames with --stdin"
+msgstr "không thể chỉ định các tên đường dẫn với --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:149
+msgid "-z only makes sense with --stdin"
+msgstr "-z chỉ hợp lý với --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:151
+msgid "no path specified"
+msgstr "chưa ghi rõ đường dẫn"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:155
+msgid "--quiet is only valid with a single pathname"
+msgstr "--quiet chỉ hợp lệ với tên đường dẫn đơn"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:157
+msgid "cannot have both --quiet and --verbose"
+msgstr "không thể dùng cả hai tùy chọn --quiet và --verbose"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:126
+msgid "git checkout-index [options] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git checkout-index [các-tùy-chọn] [--] [<tập-tin>...]"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:187
+msgid "check out all files in the index"
+msgstr "lấy ra toàn bộ các tập tin trong bảng mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:188
+msgid "force overwrite of existing files"
+msgstr "ép buộc ghi đè lên tập tin đã sẵn có từ trước"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:190
+msgid "no warning for existing files and files not in index"
+msgstr ""
+"không cảnh báo cho những tập tin tồn tại và không có trong bảng mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:192
+msgid "don't checkout new files"
+msgstr "không checkout các tập tin mới"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:194
+msgid "update stat information in the index file"
+msgstr "cập nhật thông tin thống kê trong tập tin lưu bảng mục lục mới"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:200
+msgid "read list of paths from the standard input"
+msgstr " đọc danh sách đường dẫn từ thiết bị nhập chuẩn"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:202
+msgid "write the content to temporary files"
+msgstr "ghi nội dung vào tập tin tạm"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:203 builtin/column.c:30
+msgid "string"
+msgstr "chuỗi"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:204
+msgid "when creating files, prepend <string>"
+msgstr "khi tạo các tập tin, nối thêm <chuỗi>"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:207
+msgid "copy out the files from named stage"
+msgstr "sao chép ra các tập tin từ trạng thái được đặt tên"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:25
+msgid "git checkout [options] <branch>"
+msgstr "git checkout [các-tùy-chọn] <nhánh>"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:26
+msgid "git checkout [options] [<branch>] -- <file>..."
+msgstr "git checkout [các-tùy-chọn] [<nhánh>] -- <tập-tin>..."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:117 builtin/checkout.c:150
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have our version"
-msgstr "đường dẫn '%s' không có các phiên bản của chúng ta"
+msgstr "đường dẫn “%s” không có các phiên bản của chúng ta"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:115
-#: builtin/checkout.c:148
+#: builtin/checkout.c:119 builtin/checkout.c:152
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have their version"
-msgstr "đường dẫn '%s' không có các phiên bản của chúng"
+msgstr "đường dẫn “%s” không có các phiên bản của chúng"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:131
+#: builtin/checkout.c:135
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have all necessary versions"
-msgstr "đường dẫn '%s' không có tất cả các phiên bản cần thiết"
+msgstr "đường dẫn “%s” không có tất cả các phiên bản cần thiết"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:175
+#: builtin/checkout.c:179
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have necessary versions"
-msgstr "đường dẫn '%s' không có các phiên bản cần thiết"
+msgstr "đường dẫn “%s” không có các phiên bản cần thiết"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:192
+#: builtin/checkout.c:196
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s': cannot merge"
-msgstr "đường dẫn '%s': không thể hòa trộn"
+msgstr "đường dẫn “%s”: không thể hòa trộn"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:209
+#: builtin/checkout.c:213
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unable to add merge result for '%s'"
-msgstr "Không thể thêm kết quả hòa trộn cho '%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể thêm kết quả hòa trộn cho “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:234
-#: builtin/checkout.c:392
+#: builtin/checkout.c:237 builtin/checkout.c:240 builtin/checkout.c:243
+#: builtin/checkout.c:246
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with updating paths"
+msgstr "“%s” không thể được sử dụng với các đường dẫn cập nhật"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:249 builtin/checkout.c:252
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with %s"
+msgstr "“%s” không thể được sử dụng với %s"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:255
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time."
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể cập nhật các đường dẫn và chuyển đến nhánh “%s” cùng một lúc."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:266 builtin/checkout.c:458
 msgid "corrupt index file"
 msgstr "tập tin ghi bảng mục lục bị hỏng"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:264
-#: builtin/checkout.c:271
+#: builtin/checkout.c:329 builtin/checkout.c:336
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' is unmerged"
-msgstr "đường dẫn '%s' không được hòa trộn"
+msgstr "đường dẫn “%s” không được hòa trộn"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:302
-#: builtin/checkout.c:498
-#: builtin/clone.c:583
-#: builtin/merge.c:812
-msgid "unable to write new index file"
-msgstr "không thể ghi tập tin lưu bảng mục lục mới"
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:319
-#: builtin/diff.c:302
-#: builtin/merge.c:408
-msgid "diff_setup_done failed"
-msgstr "diff_setup_done gặp lỗi"
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:414
+#: builtin/checkout.c:480
 msgid "you need to resolve your current index first"
-msgstr "bạn cần phải giải quyết bảng mục lục hiện tại của bạn trước đã!"
+msgstr "bạn cần phải phân giải bảng mục lục hiện tại của bạn trước đã"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:533
+#: builtin/checkout.c:601
 #, c-format
 msgid "Can not do reflog for '%s'\n"
-msgstr "Không thể thực hiện reflog cho '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Không thể thực hiện reflog cho “%s”\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:566
+#: builtin/checkout.c:634
 msgid "HEAD is now at"
 msgstr "HEAD hiện giờ tại"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:573
+#: builtin/checkout.c:641
 #, c-format
 msgid "Reset branch '%s'\n"
-msgstr "Đặt lại nhánh '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Đặt lại nhánh “%s”\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:576
+#: builtin/checkout.c:644
 #, c-format
 msgid "Already on '%s'\n"
-msgstr "Đã sẵn sàng trên '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Đã sẵn sàng trên “%s”\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:580
+#: builtin/checkout.c:648
 #, c-format
 msgid "Switched to and reset branch '%s'\n"
-msgstr "Đã chuyển tới và reset nhánh '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Đã chuyển tới và reset nhánh “%s”\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:582
+#: builtin/checkout.c:650 builtin/checkout.c:987
 #, c-format
 msgid "Switched to a new branch '%s'\n"
-msgstr "Đã chuyển đến nhánh mới '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Đã chuyển đến nhánh mới “%s”\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:584
+#: builtin/checkout.c:652
 #, c-format
 msgid "Switched to branch '%s'\n"
-msgstr "Đã chuyển đến nhánh '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Đã chuyển đến nhánh “%s”\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:640
+#: builtin/checkout.c:708
 #, c-format
 msgid " ... and %d more.\n"
 msgstr " ... và nhiều hơn %d.\n"
 
 #. The singular version
-#: builtin/checkout.c:646
+#: builtin/checkout.c:714
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Warning: you are leaving %d commit behind, not connected to\n"
@@ -1841,17 +3189,19 @@
 "\n"
 "%s\n"
 msgstr[0] ""
-"Cảnh báo: bạn đã rời bở %d lần chuyển giao (commit) lại đằng sau, không được kết nối đến\n"
+"Cảnh báo: bạn đã rời bỏ %d lần chuyển giao (commit) lại đằng sau, không được "
+"kết nối đến\n"
 "bất kỳ nhánh nào của bạn:\n"
 "\n"
 "%s\n"
 msgstr[1] ""
-"Cảnh báo: bạn đã rời bở %d lần chuyển giao (commit) lại đằng sau, không được kết nối đến\n"
+"Cảnh báo: bạn đã rời bỏ %d lần chuyển giao (commit) lại đằng sau, không được "
+"kết nối đến\n"
 "bất kỳ nhánh nào của bạn:\n"
 "\n"
 "%s\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:664
+#: builtin/checkout.c:732
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "If you want to keep them by creating a new branch, this may be a good time\n"
@@ -1860,281 +3210,515 @@
 " git branch new_branch_name %s\n"
 "\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Nếu bạn muốn giữ chúng bằng cách tạo ra một nhánh mới, đây có lẽ là một thời điểm thích hợp\n"
+"Nếu bạn muốn giữ chúng bằng cách tạo ra một nhánh mới, đây có lẽ là một thời "
+"điểm thích hợp\n"
 "để làm thế bằng lệnh:\n"
 "\n"
 " git branch tên_nhánh_mới %s\n"
 "\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:694
+#: builtin/checkout.c:762
 msgid "internal error in revision walk"
 msgstr "lỗi nội bộ trong khi di chuyển qua các điểm xét lại"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:698
+#: builtin/checkout.c:766
 msgid "Previous HEAD position was"
 msgstr "Vị trí kế trước của HEAD là"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:724
+#: builtin/checkout.c:793 builtin/checkout.c:982
 msgid "You are on a branch yet to be born"
 msgstr "Bạn tại nhánh mà nó chưa hề được sinh ra"
 
 #. case (1)
-#: builtin/checkout.c:855
+#: builtin/checkout.c:918
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid reference: %s"
 msgstr "tham chiếu sai: %s"
 
 #. case (1): want a tree
-#: builtin/checkout.c:894
+#: builtin/checkout.c:957
 #, c-format
 msgid "reference is not a tree: %s"
-msgstr "tham chiếu không phải là cây:%s"
+msgstr "tham chiếu không phải là một cây (tree):%s"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:974
-msgid "-B cannot be used with -b"
-msgstr "-B không thể được sử dụng với -b"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:996
+msgid "paths cannot be used with switching branches"
+msgstr "các đường dẫn không thể dùng cùng với các nhánh chuyển"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:983
-msgid "--patch is incompatible with all other options"
-msgstr "--patch xung khắc với tất cả các tùy chọn khác"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:999 builtin/checkout.c:1003
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with switching branches"
+msgstr "“%s” không thể được sử dụng với các nhánh chuyển"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:986
-msgid "--detach cannot be used with -b/-B/--orphan"
-msgstr "--detach không thể được sử dụng với -b/-B/--orphan"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1007 builtin/checkout.c:1010 builtin/checkout.c:1015
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1018
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with '%s'"
+msgstr "“%s” không thể được sử dụng với “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:988
-msgid "--detach cannot be used with -t"
-msgstr "--detach không thể được sử dụng với tùy chọn -t"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1023
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot switch branch to a non-commit '%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể chuyển nhánh đến một non-commit “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:994
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1045 builtin/checkout.c:1047 builtin/clone.c:90
+#: builtin/remote.c:169 builtin/remote.c:171
+msgid "branch"
+msgstr "nhánh"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1046
+msgid "create and checkout a new branch"
+msgstr "tạo và checkout một nhánh mới"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1048
+msgid "create/reset and checkout a branch"
+msgstr "create/reset và checkout một nhánh"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1049
+msgid "create reflog for new branch"
+msgstr "tạo reflog cho nhánh mới"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1050
+msgid "detach the HEAD at named commit"
+msgstr "rời bỏ HEAD tại lần chuyển giao danh nghĩa"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1051
+msgid "set upstream info for new branch"
+msgstr "đặt thông tin thượng nguồn (upstream) cho nhánh mới"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1053
+msgid "new branch"
+msgstr "nhánh mới"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1053
+msgid "new unparented branch"
+msgstr "nhánh mồ côi mới"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1054
+msgid "checkout our version for unmerged files"
+msgstr ""
+"lấy ra (checkout) phiên bản của chúng ta cho các tập tin chưa được hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1056
+msgid "checkout their version for unmerged files"
+msgstr ""
+"lấy ra (checkout) phiên bản của chúng họ cho các tập tin chưa được hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1058
+msgid "force checkout (throw away local modifications)"
+msgstr "ép buộc lấy ra (checkout) (bỏ đi những thay đổi nội bộ)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1059
+msgid "perform a 3-way merge with the new branch"
+msgstr "thực hiện hòa trộn kiểu 3-way với nhánh mới"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1060 builtin/merge.c:217
+msgid "update ignored files (default)"
+msgstr "cập nhật các tập tin bị bỏ qua (mặc định)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1061 builtin/log.c:1158 parse-options.h:245
+msgid "style"
+msgstr "kiểu"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1062
+msgid "conflict style (merge or diff3)"
+msgstr "xung đột kiểu (hòa trộn hay diff3)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1065
+msgid "do not limit pathspecs to sparse entries only"
+msgstr "không giới hạn pathspecs chỉ thành các mục thưa thớt"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1067
+msgid "second guess 'git checkout no-such-branch'"
+msgstr "gợi ý thứ hai “git checkout không-nhánh-nào-như-vậy”"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1091
+msgid "-b, -B and --orphan are mutually exclusive"
+msgstr "Tùy chọn -b|-B và --orphan loại từ lẫn nhau"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1108
 msgid "--track needs a branch name"
 msgstr "--track cần tên một nhánh"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1001
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1115
 msgid "Missing branch name; try -b"
 msgstr "Thiếu tên nhánh; hãy thử -b"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1007
-msgid "--orphan and -b|-B are mutually exclusive"
-msgstr "Tùy chọn --orphan và -b|-B loại từ lẫn nhau"
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1009
-msgid "--orphan cannot be used with -t"
-msgstr "--orphan không thể được sử dụng với tùy chọn -t"
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1019
-msgid "git checkout: -f and -m are incompatible"
-msgstr "git checkout: -f và -m xung khắc nhau"
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1053
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1150
 msgid "invalid path specification"
 msgstr "đường dẫn đã cho không hợp lệ"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1061
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1157
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
-"git checkout: updating paths is incompatible with switching branches.\n"
+"Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time.\n"
 "Did you intend to checkout '%s' which can not be resolved as commit?"
 msgstr ""
-"git checkout: việc cập nhật các đường dẫn là xung khắc với việc chuyển đổi các nhánh..\n"
-"Bạn đã có ý định checkout '%s' cái mà không thể được phân giải như là lần chuyển giao (commit)?"
+"Không thể cập nhật và chuyển thành nhánh “%s” cùng lúc\n"
+"Bạn đã có ý định checkout “%s” cái mà không thể được phân giải như là lần "
+"chuyển giao (commit)?"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1063
-msgid "git checkout: updating paths is incompatible with switching branches."
-msgstr "git checkout: việc cập nhật các đường dẫn là xung khắc với việc chuyển đổi các nhánh."
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1162
+#, c-format
+msgid "git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument '%s'"
+msgstr "git checkout: --detach không nhận một đối số đường dẫn “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1068
-msgid "git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument"
-msgstr "git checkout: --detach không nhận một đối số đường dẫn"
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1071
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1166
 msgid ""
 "git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge are incompatible when\n"
 "checking out of the index."
 msgstr ""
 "git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force và --merge là xung khắc với nhau khi\n"
-"checkout."
+"checkout bảng mục lục (index)."
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1090
-msgid "Cannot switch branch to a non-commit."
-msgstr "Không thể chuyển đến một non-commit."
+#: builtin/clean.c:20
+msgid "git clean [-d] [-f] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr "git clean [-d] [-f] [-n] [-q] [-e <mẫu>] [-x | -X] [--] <đường-dẫn>..."
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1093
-msgid "--ours/--theirs is incompatible with switching branches."
-msgstr "--ours/--theirs là xung khắc nhau khi chuyển đổi các nhánh."
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:78
-msgid "-x and -X cannot be used together"
-msgstr "-x và -X không thể dùng cùng một lúc với nhau"
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:82
-msgid "clean.requireForce set to true and neither -n nor -f given; refusing to clean"
-msgstr "clean.requireForce được đặt thành true và không đưa ra tùy chọn  -n mà cũng không -f; từ chối lệnh dọn dẹp (clean)"
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:85
-msgid "clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -n nor -f given; refusing to clean"
-msgstr "clean.requireForce mặc định được đặt thành true và không đưa ra tùy chọn  -n mà cũng không -f; từ chối lệnh dọn dẹp (clean)"
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:155
-#: builtin/clean.c:176
-#, c-format
-msgid "Would remove %s\n"
-msgstr "Có thể gỡ bỏ %s\n"
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:159
-#: builtin/clean.c:179
+#: builtin/clean.c:24
 #, c-format
 msgid "Removing %s\n"
 msgstr "Đang gỡ bỏ %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:162
-#: builtin/clean.c:182
+#: builtin/clean.c:25
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would remove %s\n"
+msgstr "Có thể gỡ bỏ %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:26
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping repository %s\n"
+msgstr "Đang bỏ qua kho chứa %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:27
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would skip repository %s\n"
+msgstr "Nên bỏ qua kho chứa %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:28
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to remove %s"
 msgstr "gặp lỗi khi gỡ bỏ %s"
 
+#: builtin/clean.c:160
+msgid "do not print names of files removed"
+msgstr "không hiển thị tên của các tập tin đã gỡ bỏ"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:162
+msgid "force"
+msgstr "ép buộc"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:164
+msgid "remove whole directories"
+msgstr "gỡ bỏ toàn bộ thư mục"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:165 builtin/describe.c:412 builtin/grep.c:717
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:487 builtin/name-rev.c:231 builtin/show-ref.c:182
+msgid "pattern"
+msgstr "mẫu"
+
 #: builtin/clean.c:166
-#, c-format
-msgid "Would not remove %s\n"
-msgstr "Không thể gỡ bỏ %s\n"
+msgid "add <pattern> to ignore rules"
+msgstr "thêm <mẫu> vào trong qui tắc bỏ qua"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:168
-#, c-format
-msgid "Not removing %s\n"
-msgstr "Không xóa %s\n"
+#: builtin/clean.c:167
+msgid "remove ignored files, too"
+msgstr "đồng thời gỡ bỏ cả các tập tin bị bỏ qua"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:243
-#, c-format
-msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local directory."
-msgstr "kho tham chiếu '%s' không phải là một thư mục nội bộ."
+#: builtin/clean.c:169
+msgid "remove only ignored files"
+msgstr "chỉ gỡ bỏ những tập tin bị bỏ qua"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:302
-#, c-format
-msgid "failed to open '%s'"
-msgstr "gặp lỗi khi mở '%s'"
+#: builtin/clean.c:187
+msgid "-x and -X cannot be used together"
+msgstr "-x và -X không thể dùng cùng một lúc với nhau"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:306
+#: builtin/clean.c:191
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce set to true and neither -n nor -f given; refusing to clean"
+msgstr ""
+"clean.requireForce được đặt thành true và không đưa ra tùy chọn  -n mà cũng "
+"không -f; từ chối lệnh dọn dẹp (clean)"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:194
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -n nor -f given; refusing to "
+"clean"
+msgstr ""
+"clean.requireForce mặc định được đặt thành true và không đưa ra tùy chọn  -n "
+"mà cũng không -f; từ chối lệnh dọn dẹp (clean)"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:37
+msgid "git clone [options] [--] <repo> [<dir>]"
+msgstr "git clone [các-tùy-chọn] [--] <kho> [<t.mục>]"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:65 builtin/fetch.c:82 builtin/merge.c:214
+#: builtin/push.c:436
+msgid "force progress reporting"
+msgstr "ép buộc báo cáo tiến trình"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:67
+msgid "don't create a checkout"
+msgstr "không tạo một checkout"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:68 builtin/clone.c:70 builtin/init-db.c:488
+msgid "create a bare repository"
+msgstr "tạo kho chứa bare"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:73
+msgid "create a mirror repository (implies bare)"
+msgstr "tạo kho bản sao (mirror) (ngụ ý là bare)"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:75
+msgid "to clone from a local repository"
+msgstr "để nhân bản từ kho nội bộ"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:77
+msgid "don't use local hardlinks, always copy"
+msgstr "không sử dụng liên kết cứng nội bộ, luôn sao chép"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:79
+msgid "setup as shared repository"
+msgstr "cài đặt đây là kho chia sẻ"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:81 builtin/clone.c:83
+msgid "initialize submodules in the clone"
+msgstr "khởi tạo mô-đun-con trong bản sao"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:84 builtin/init-db.c:485
+msgid "template-directory"
+msgstr "thư-mục-tạm"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:85 builtin/init-db.c:486
+msgid "directory from which templates will be used"
+msgstr "thư mục mà tại đó các mẫu sẽ được dùng"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:87
+msgid "reference repository"
+msgstr "kho tham chiếu"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:88 builtin/column.c:26 builtin/merge-file.c:44
+msgid "name"
+msgstr "tên"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:89
+msgid "use <name> instead of 'origin' to track upstream"
+msgstr "dùng <tên> thay vì “origin” để theo dõi thượng nguồn (uptream)"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:91
+msgid "checkout <branch> instead of the remote's HEAD"
+msgstr "lấy ra nhánh (checkout <nhánh>) thay vì HEAD của máy chủ"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:93
+msgid "path to git-upload-pack on the remote"
+msgstr "đường dẫn đến git-upload-pack trên máy chủ"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:94 builtin/fetch.c:83 builtin/grep.c:662
+msgid "depth"
+msgstr "độ sâu"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:95
+msgid "create a shallow clone of that depth"
+msgstr "tạo bản sao không đầy đủ cho mức sâu đã cho"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:97
+msgid "clone only one branch, HEAD or --branch"
+msgstr "nhân bản (clone) chỉ một nhánh, HEAD hoặc --branch"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:98 builtin/init-db.c:494
+msgid "gitdir"
+msgstr "gitdir"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:99 builtin/init-db.c:495
+msgid "separate git dir from working tree"
+msgstr "không dùng chung thư mục dành riêng cho git và thư mục làm việc"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:100
+msgid "key=value"
+msgstr "khóa=giá trị"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:101
+msgid "set config inside the new repository"
+msgstr "đặt cấu hình bên trong một kho chứa mới"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:254
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local repository."
+msgstr "kho tham chiếu “%s” không phải là một kho nội bộ."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:317
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to create directory '%s'"
 msgstr "tạo thư mục \"%s\" gặp lỗi"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:308
-#: builtin/diff.c:75
+#: builtin/clone.c:319 builtin/diff.c:77
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to stat '%s'"
-msgstr "gặp lỗi stat (lấy trạng thái về) '%s'"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi stat (lấy trạng thái về) “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:310
+#: builtin/clone.c:321
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s exists and is not a directory"
 msgstr "%s tồn tại nhưng không phải là một thư mục"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:324
+#: builtin/clone.c:335
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to stat %s\n"
 msgstr "lỗi stat (lấy trạng thái về) %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:341
-#, c-format
-msgid "failed to unlink '%s'"
-msgstr "bỏ liên kết (unlink) %s không thành công"
-
-#: builtin/clone.c:346
+#: builtin/clone.c:357
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to create link '%s'"
-msgstr "tạo được liên kết mềm tới %s gặp lỗi"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi tạo được liên kết mềm %s"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:350
+#: builtin/clone.c:361
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to copy file to '%s'"
-msgstr "sao chép tệp tin tới '%s' gặp lỗi"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi chép tập tin tới “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:373
+#: builtin/clone.c:384
 #, c-format
 msgid "done.\n"
 msgstr "hoàn tất.\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:440
+#: builtin/clone.c:397
+msgid ""
+"Clone succeeded, but checkout failed.\n"
+"You can inspect what was checked out with 'git status'\n"
+"and retry the checkout with 'git checkout -f HEAD'\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Việc nhân bản thành công, nhưng checkout gặp lỗi.\n"
+"Bạn kiểm tra kỹ xem cái gì được lấy ra bằng lệnh “git status”\n"
+"và thử checkout với lệnh “git checkout -f HEAD”\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:476
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not find remote branch %s to clone."
 msgstr "Không tìm thấy nhánh máy chủ %s để nhân bản (clone)."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:549
+#: builtin/clone.c:550
+msgid "remote did not send all necessary objects"
+msgstr "máy chủ đã không gửi tất cả các đối tượng cần thiết"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:610
 msgid "remote HEAD refers to nonexistent ref, unable to checkout.\n"
 msgstr "refers HEAD máy chủ  chỉ đến ref không tồn tại, không thể checkout.\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:639
+#: builtin/clone.c:641
+msgid "unable to checkout working tree"
+msgstr "không thể lấy ra (checkout) cây làm việc"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:749
 msgid "Too many arguments."
 msgstr "Có quá nhiều đối số."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:643
+#: builtin/clone.c:753
 msgid "You must specify a repository to clone."
 msgstr "Bạn phải chỉ định một kho để mà nhân bản (clone)."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:654
+#: builtin/clone.c:764
 #, c-format
 msgid "--bare and --origin %s options are incompatible."
 msgstr "tùy chọn --bare và --origin %s xung khắc nhau."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:668
+#: builtin/clone.c:767
+msgid "--bare and --separate-git-dir are incompatible."
+msgstr "tùy chọn --bare và --separate-git-dir xung khắc nhau."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:780
 #, c-format
 msgid "repository '%s' does not exist"
-msgstr "kho chứa '%s' chưa tồn tại"
+msgstr "kho chứa “%s” chưa tồn tại"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:673
+#: builtin/clone.c:785
 msgid "--depth is ignored in local clones; use file:// instead."
 msgstr "--depth bị lờ đi khi nhân bản nội bộ; hãy sử dụng file:// để thay thế."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:683
+#: builtin/clone.c:795
 #, c-format
 msgid "destination path '%s' already exists and is not an empty directory."
-msgstr "đường dẫn đích '%s' đã có từ trước và không phải là một thư mục rỗng."
+msgstr "đường dẫn đích “%s” đã có từ trước và không phải là một thư mục rỗng."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:693
+#: builtin/clone.c:805
 #, c-format
 msgid "working tree '%s' already exists."
-msgstr "cây làm việc '%s' đã sẵn tồn tại rồi."
+msgstr "cây làm việc “%s” đã sẵn tồn tại rồi."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:706
-#: builtin/clone.c:720
+#: builtin/clone.c:818 builtin/clone.c:830
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create leading directories of '%s'"
-msgstr "không thể tạo các thư mục dẫn đầu của '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể tạo các thư mục dẫn đầu của “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:709
+#: builtin/clone.c:821
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create work tree dir '%s'."
-msgstr "không thể tạo cây thư mục làm việc dir '%s'."
+msgstr "không thể tạo cây thư mục làm việc dir “%s”."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:728
+#: builtin/clone.c:840
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cloning into bare repository '%s'...\n"
-msgstr "Đang nhân bản thành kho chứa bare '%s'...\n"
+msgstr "Đang nhân bản thành kho chứa bare “%s”...\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:730
+#: builtin/clone.c:842
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cloning into '%s'...\n"
-msgstr "Đang nhân bản thành '%s'...\n"
+msgstr "Đang nhân bản thành “%s”...\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:786
+#: builtin/clone.c:877
 #, c-format
 msgid "Don't know how to clone %s"
 msgstr "Không biết làm cách nào để nhân bản (clone) %s"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:835
+#: builtin/clone.c:926
 #, c-format
 msgid "Remote branch %s not found in upstream %s"
-msgstr "Nhánh máy chủ %s không tìm thấy trong dòng ngược (upstream) %s"
+msgstr "Nhánh máy chủ %s không tìm thấy trong thượng nguồn (upstream) %s"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:842
+#: builtin/clone.c:933
 msgid "You appear to have cloned an empty repository."
 msgstr "Bạn hình như là đã nhân bản một kho trống rỗng."
 
+#: builtin/column.c:9
+msgid "git column [options]"
+msgstr "git column [các-tùy-chọn]"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:26
+msgid "lookup config vars"
+msgstr "tìm kiếm biến cấu hình"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:27 builtin/column.c:28
+msgid "layout to use"
+msgstr "bố cục để dùng"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:29
+msgid "Maximum width"
+msgstr "Độ rộng tối đa"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:30
+msgid "Padding space on left border"
+msgstr "Chèn thêm khoảng trống vào bờ bên trái"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:31
+msgid "Padding space on right border"
+msgstr "Chèn thêm khoảng trắng vào tiếp giáp bên phải"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:32
+msgid "Padding space between columns"
+msgstr "Chèn thêm khoảng trắng giữa các cột"
+
 #: builtin/column.c:51
 msgid "--command must be the first argument"
 msgstr "--command phải là đối số đầu tiên"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:43
+#: builtin/commit.c:34
+msgid "git commit [options] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git commit [các-tùy-chọn] [--] <pathspec>..."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:39
+msgid "git status [options] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git status [các-tùy-chọn] [--] <pathspec>..."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:44
 msgid ""
 "Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
 "on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
@@ -2147,29 +3731,35 @@
 "\n"
 "    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Tên và địa chỉ thư điện tử của bạn được cấu hình một cách tự động trên cơ sở\n"
-"tài khoản và địa chỉ máy chủ của bạn. Xin hãy kiểm tra xem chúng có chính xác không.\n"
-"Bạn có thể chặn những thông báo kiểu này bằng cách cài đặt các thông tin trên một cách rõ ràng:\n"
+"Tên và địa chỉ thư điện tử của bạn được cấu hình một cách tự động trên cơ "
+"sở\n"
+"tài khoản và địa chỉ máy chủ của bạn. Xin hãy kiểm tra xem chúng có chính "
+"xác không.\n"
+"Bạn có thể chặn những thông báo kiểu này bằng cách cài đặt các thông tin "
+"trên một cách rõ ràng:\n"
 "\n"
 "    git config --global user.name \"Tên của bạn\"\n"
 "    git config --global user.email you@example.com\n"
 "\n"
-"Sau khi thực hiện xong, bạn có thể sửa chữa định danh được sử dụng cho lần chuyển giao (commit) này với lệnh:\n"
+"Sau khi thực hiện xong, bạn có thể sửa chữa định danh được sử dụng cho lần "
+"chuyển giao (commit) này với lệnh:\n"
 "\n"
 "    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:55
+#: builtin/commit.c:56
 msgid ""
 "You asked to amend the most recent commit, but doing so would make\n"
 "it empty. You can repeat your command with --allow-empty, or you can\n"
 "remove the commit entirely with \"git reset HEAD^\".\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Bạn đã yêu cầu amend (tu bổ) phần lớn các lần chuyển giao (commit) gần đây, nhưng làm như thế\n"
-"có thể làm cho nó trở nên trống rỗng. Bạn có thể lặp lại lệnh của mình bằng --allow-empty,\n"
+"Bạn đã yêu cầu amend (tu bổ) phần lớn các lần chuyển giao (commit) gần đây, "
+"nhưng làm như thế\n"
+"có thể làm cho nó trở nên trống rỗng. Bạn có thể lặp lại lệnh của mình bằng "
+"--allow-empty,\n"
 "hoặc là bạn gỡ bỏ các lần chuyển giao một cách hoàn toàn bằng lệnh:\n"
 "\"git reset HEAD^\".\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:60
+#: builtin/commit.c:61
 msgid ""
 "The previous cherry-pick is now empty, possibly due to conflict resolution.\n"
 "If you wish to commit it anyway, use:\n"
@@ -2178,106 +3768,105 @@
 "\n"
 "Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Lần cherry-pick trước hiện nay trống rỗng, có lẽ là bởi vì sự phân giải xung đột.\n"
+"Lần cherry-pick trước hiện nay trống rỗng, có lẽ là bởi vì sự phân giải xung "
+"đột.\n"
 "Nếu bạn muốn chuyển giao nó cho dù thế nào đi nữa, sử dụng:\n"
 "\n"
 "    git commit --allow-empty\n"
 "\n"
-"Nếu không, hãy thử sử dụng 'git reset'\n"
+"Nếu không, hãy thử dùng “git reset”\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:253
+#: builtin/commit.c:260
 msgid "failed to unpack HEAD tree object"
 msgstr "gặp lỗi khi tháo dỡ HEAD đối tượng cây"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:295
+#: builtin/commit.c:302
 msgid "unable to create temporary index"
 msgstr "không thể tạo bảng mục lục tạm thời"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:301
+#: builtin/commit.c:308
 msgid "interactive add failed"
 msgstr "việc thêm tương tác gặp lỗi"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:334
-#: builtin/commit.c:355
-#: builtin/commit.c:405
+#: builtin/commit.c:341 builtin/commit.c:362 builtin/commit.c:412
 msgid "unable to write new_index file"
 msgstr "không thể ghi tập tin lưu bảng mục lục mới (new_index)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:386
+#: builtin/commit.c:393
 msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a merge."
-msgstr "không thể thực hiện việc chuyển giao (commit) cục bộ trong khi đang được hòa trộn."
+msgstr ""
+"không thể thực hiện việc chuyển giao (commit) cục bộ trong khi đang được hòa "
+"trộn."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:388
+#: builtin/commit.c:395
 msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a cherry-pick."
-msgstr "không thể thực hiện việc chuyển giao (commit) bộ phận trong khi đang cherry-pick."
+msgstr ""
+"không thể thực hiện việc chuyển giao (commit) bộ phận trong khi đang cherry-"
+"pick."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:398
+#: builtin/commit.c:405
 msgid "cannot read the index"
 msgstr "không đọc được bảng mục lục"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:418
+#: builtin/commit.c:425
 msgid "unable to write temporary index file"
 msgstr "không thể ghi tập tin lưu bảng mục lục tạm thời"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:493
-#: builtin/commit.c:499
+#: builtin/commit.c:513 builtin/commit.c:519
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid commit: %s"
 msgstr "lần chuyển giao (commit) không hợp lệ: %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:522
+#: builtin/commit.c:542
 msgid "malformed --author parameter"
 msgstr "đối số --author bị dị hình"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:582
+#: builtin/commit.c:562
 #, c-format
 msgid "Malformed ident string: '%s'"
-msgstr "Chuỗi thụt lề đầu dòng dị hình: '%s'"
+msgstr "Chuỗi thụt lề đầu dòng dị hình: “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:620
-#: builtin/commit.c:653
-#: builtin/commit.c:967
+#: builtin/commit.c:600 builtin/commit.c:633 builtin/commit.c:956
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not lookup commit %s"
 msgstr "không thể tìm kiếm commit (lần chuyển giao) %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:632
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:296
+#: builtin/commit.c:612 builtin/shortlog.c:270
 #, c-format
 msgid "(reading log message from standard input)\n"
 msgstr "(đang đọc thông điệp nhật ký từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn)\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:634
+#: builtin/commit.c:614
 msgid "could not read log from standard input"
 msgstr "không thể đọc nhật ký từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:638
+#: builtin/commit.c:618
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not read log file '%s'"
-msgstr "không đọc được tệp nhật ký '%s'"
+msgstr "không đọc được tệp nhật ký “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:644
+#: builtin/commit.c:624
 msgid "commit has empty message"
 msgstr "lần chuyển giao (commit) có ghi chú trống rỗng"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:660
+#: builtin/commit.c:640
 msgid "could not read MERGE_MSG"
 msgstr "không thể đọc MERGE_MSG"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:664
+#: builtin/commit.c:644
 msgid "could not read SQUASH_MSG"
 msgstr "không thể đọc SQUASH_MSG"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:668
+#: builtin/commit.c:648
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not read '%s'"
-msgstr "Không thể đọc '%s'."
+msgstr "Không thể đọc “%s”."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:720
+#: builtin/commit.c:709
 msgid "could not write commit template"
 msgstr "không thể ghi mẫu commit"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:731
+#: builtin/commit.c:720
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
@@ -2292,7 +3881,7 @@
 "\t%s\n"
 "và thử lại.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:736
+#: builtin/commit.c:725
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
@@ -2307,182 +3896,395 @@
 "\t%s\n"
 "và thử lại.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:748
+#: builtin/commit.c:737
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
-"with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+"with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Hãy nhập vào các thông tin để giải thích các thay đổi của bạn. Những dòng được\n"
-"bắt đầu bằng '#' sẽ được bỏ qua, phần chú thích này nếu rỗng sẽ làm hủy bỏ lần chuyển giao (commit).\n"
+"Hãy nhập vào các thông tin để giải thích các thay đổi của bạn. Những dòng "
+"được\n"
+"bắt đầu bằng “%c” sẽ được bỏ qua, nếu phần chú thích rỗng sẽ hủy bỏ lần "
+"chuyển giao (commit).\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:753
+#: builtin/commit.c:742
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
-"with '#' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
+"with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
 "An empty message aborts the commit.\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Hãy nhập vào các thông tin để giải thích các thay đổi của bạn.Những dòng được\n"
-"bắt đầu bằng '#' sẽ được bỏ qua; bạn có thể xóa chúng đi nếu muốn.\n"
-"Phần chú thích này nếu rỗng sẽ làm hủy bỏ lần chuyển giao (commit).\n"
+"Hãy nhập vào các thông tin để giải thích các thay đổi của bạn. Những dòng "
+"được\n"
+"bắt đầu bằng “%c” sẽ được bỏ qua; bạn có thể xóa chúng đi nếu muốn thế.\n"
+"Phần chú thích này nếu trống rỗng sẽ hủy bỏ lần chuyển giao (commit).\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:766
+#: builtin/commit.c:755
 #, c-format
 msgid "%sAuthor:    %s"
 msgstr "%sTác giả:    %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:773
+#: builtin/commit.c:762
 #, c-format
 msgid "%sCommitter: %s"
 msgstr "%sNgười chuyển giao (commit): %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:793
+#: builtin/commit.c:782
 msgid "Cannot read index"
 msgstr "không đọc được bảng mục lục"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:830
+#: builtin/commit.c:819
 msgid "Error building trees"
 msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi xây dựng cây"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:845
-#: builtin/tag.c:361
+#: builtin/commit.c:834 builtin/tag.c:359
 #, c-format
 msgid "Please supply the message using either -m or -F option.\n"
 msgstr "Xin hãy áp dụng thông điệp sử dụng hoặc là tùy chọn -m hoặc là -F.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:942
+#: builtin/commit.c:931
 #, c-format
 msgid "No existing author found with '%s'"
-msgstr "Không tìm thấy tác giả đã sẵn có với '%s'"
+msgstr "Không tìm thấy tác giả có sẵn với “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:957
-#: builtin/commit.c:1157
+#: builtin/commit.c:946 builtin/commit.c:1140
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid untracked files mode '%s'"
-msgstr "Chế độ cho các tập tin không bị theo vết không hợp lệ '%s'"
+msgstr "Chế độ cho các tập tin không bị theo vết không hợp lệ “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:997
+#: builtin/commit.c:976
 msgid "Using both --reset-author and --author does not make sense"
 msgstr "Sử dụng cả hai tùy chọn --reset-author và --author không hợp lý"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1008
+#: builtin/commit.c:987
 msgid "You have nothing to amend."
 msgstr "Không có gì để amend (tu bổ) cả."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1011
+#: builtin/commit.c:990
 msgid "You are in the middle of a merge -- cannot amend."
-msgstr "Bạn đang ở giữa của quá trình hòa trộn -- không thể thực hiện amend (tu bổ)."
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn đang ở giữa của quá trình hòa trộn -- không thể thực hiện amend (tu bổ)."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1013
+#: builtin/commit.c:992
 msgid "You are in the middle of a cherry-pick -- cannot amend."
-msgstr "Bạn đang ở giữa của quá trình cherry-pick -- không thể thực hiện amend (tu bổ)."
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn đang ở giữa của quá trình cherry-pick -- không thể thực hiện amend (tu "
+"bổ)."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1016
+#: builtin/commit.c:995
 msgid "Options --squash and --fixup cannot be used together"
 msgstr "Các tùy chọn --squash và --fixup không thể sử dụng cùng với nhau"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1026
+#: builtin/commit.c:1005
 msgid "Only one of -c/-C/-F/--fixup can be used."
 msgstr "Chỉ một tùy chọn trong số -c/-C/-F/--fixup được sử dụng"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1028
+#: builtin/commit.c:1007
 msgid "Option -m cannot be combined with -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
 msgstr "Tùy chọn -m không thể được tổ hợp cùng với -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1036
+#: builtin/commit.c:1015
 msgid "--reset-author can be used only with -C, -c or --amend."
-msgstr "--reset-author chỉ có thể được sử dụng với tùy chọn -C, -c hay --amend."
+msgstr ""
+"--reset-author chỉ có thể được sử dụng với tùy chọn -C, -c hay --amend."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1053
+#: builtin/commit.c:1032
 msgid "Only one of --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch can be used."
-msgstr "Chỉ một trong các tùy chọn --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch được sử dụng."
+msgstr ""
+"Chỉ một trong các tùy chọn --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch được "
+"sử dụng."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1055
+#: builtin/commit.c:1034
 msgid "No paths with --include/--only does not make sense."
 msgstr "Không đường dẫn với các tùy chọn --include/--only không hợp lý."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1057
+#: builtin/commit.c:1036
 msgid "Clever... amending the last one with dirty index."
-msgstr "Giỏi... đang tu bổ cái cuối với bảng mục lục phi nghĩa."
+msgstr "Giỏi...  tu bổ cái cuối với bảng mục lục phi nghĩa."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1059
+#: builtin/commit.c:1038
 msgid "Explicit paths specified without -i nor -o; assuming --only paths..."
-msgstr "Những đường dẫn rõ ràng được chỉ ra không có tùy chọn -i cũng không -o; đang giả định --only những-đường-dẫn..."
+msgstr ""
+"Những đường dẫn rõ ràng được chỉ ra không có tùy chọn -i cũng không -o; đang "
+"giả định --only những-đường-dẫn..."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1069
-#: builtin/tag.c:577
+#: builtin/commit.c:1048 builtin/tag.c:575
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid cleanup mode %s"
 msgstr "Chế độ dọn dẹp không hợp lệ %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1074
+#: builtin/commit.c:1053
 msgid "Paths with -a does not make sense."
 msgstr "Các đường dẫn với tùy chọn -a không hợp lý."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1257
+#: builtin/commit.c:1059 builtin/commit.c:1194
+msgid "--long and -z are incompatible"
+msgstr "hai tùy chọn -long và -z không tương thích với nhau"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1154 builtin/commit.c:1390
+msgid "show status concisely"
+msgstr "hiển thị trạng thái ở dạng súc tích"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1156 builtin/commit.c:1392
+msgid "show branch information"
+msgstr "hiển thị thông tin nhánh"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1158 builtin/commit.c:1394 builtin/push.c:426
+msgid "machine-readable output"
+msgstr "kết xuất dạng máy-có-thể-đọc"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1161 builtin/commit.c:1396
+msgid "show status in long format (default)"
+msgstr "hiển thị trạng thái ở định dạng dài (mặc định)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1164 builtin/commit.c:1399
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL"
+msgstr "chấm dứt các mục bằng NUL"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1166 builtin/commit.c:1402 builtin/fast-export.c:659
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:662 builtin/tag.c:459
+msgid "mode"
+msgstr "chế độ"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1167 builtin/commit.c:1402
+msgid "show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)"
+msgstr ""
+"hiển thị các tập tin chưa được theo dõi  dấu vết, các chế độ tùy chọn:  all, "
+"normal, no. (Mặc định: all)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1170
+msgid "show ignored files"
+msgstr "hiển thị các tập tin ẩn"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1171 parse-options.h:151
+msgid "when"
+msgstr "khi"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1172
+msgid ""
+"ignore changes to submodules, optional when: all, dirty, untracked. "
+"(Default: all)"
+msgstr ""
+"bỏ qua các thay đổi trong mô-đun con, tùy chọn khi: all, dirty, untracked. "
+"(Mặc định: all)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1174
+msgid "list untracked files in columns"
+msgstr "hiển thị danh sách các tập-tin chưa được theo dõi trong các cột"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1248
 msgid "couldn't look up newly created commit"
 msgstr "không thể tìm thấy lần chuyển giao (commit) mới hơn đã được tạo"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1259
+#: builtin/commit.c:1250
 msgid "could not parse newly created commit"
-msgstr "không thể phân tích cú pháp của đối tượng chuyển giao mới hơn đã được tạo"
+msgstr ""
+"không thể phân tích cú pháp của đối tượng chuyển giao mới hơn đã được tạo"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1300
+#: builtin/commit.c:1291
 msgid "detached HEAD"
 msgstr "đã rời khỏi HEAD"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1302
+#: builtin/commit.c:1293
 msgid " (root-commit)"
 msgstr " (root-commit)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1446
+#: builtin/commit.c:1360
+msgid "suppress summary after successful commit"
+msgstr "không hiển thị tổng kết sau khi chuyển giao thành công"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1361
+msgid "show diff in commit message template"
+msgstr "hiển thị sự khác biệt trong mẫu tin nhắn chuyển giao"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1363
+msgid "Commit message options"
+msgstr "Các tùy chọn ghi chú commit"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1364 builtin/tag.c:457
+msgid "read message from file"
+msgstr "đọc chú thích từ tập tin"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1365
+msgid "author"
+msgstr "tác giả"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1365
+msgid "override author for commit"
+msgstr "ghi đè tác giả cho commit"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1366 builtin/gc.c:178
+msgid "date"
+msgstr "ngày tháng"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1366
+msgid "override date for commit"
+msgstr "ghi đè ngày tháng cho commit"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1367 builtin/merge.c:208 builtin/notes.c:533
+#: builtin/notes.c:690 builtin/tag.c:455
+msgid "message"
+msgstr "thông điệp"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1367
+msgid "commit message"
+msgstr "chú thích của lần commit"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1368
+msgid "reuse and edit message from specified commit"
+msgstr ""
+"dùng lại các ghi chú từ lần chuyển giao (commit) đã cho nhưng có cho sửa chữa"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1369
+msgid "reuse message from specified commit"
+msgstr "dùng lại các ghi chú từ lần chuyển giao (commit) đã cho"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1370
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to fixup specified commit"
+msgstr ""
+"dùng ghi chú có định dạng autosquash để sửa chữa lần chuyển giao đã chỉ ra"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1371
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to squash specified commit"
+msgstr ""
+"dùng lời nhắn có định dạng tự động nén để nén lại các lần chuyển giao đã chỉ "
+"ra"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1372
+msgid "the commit is authored by me now (used with -C/-c/--amend)"
+msgstr ""
+"lần chuyển giao nhận tôi là tác giả (được dùng với tùy chọn -C/-c/--amend)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1373 builtin/log.c:1113 builtin/revert.c:109
+msgid "add Signed-off-by:"
+msgstr "thêm dòng Signed-off-by:"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1374
+msgid "use specified template file"
+msgstr "sử dụng tập tin mẫu đã cho"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1375
+msgid "force edit of commit"
+msgstr "ép buộc sửa lần commit"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1376
+msgid "default"
+msgstr "mặc định"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1376 builtin/tag.c:460
+msgid "how to strip spaces and #comments from message"
+msgstr "làm thế nào để cắt bỏ khoảng trắng và #ghichú từ mẩu tin nhắn"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1377
+msgid "include status in commit message template"
+msgstr "bao gồm các trạng thái ghi mẫu ghi chú chuyển giao (commit)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1378 builtin/merge.c:215 builtin/tag.c:461
+msgid "key id"
+msgstr "id khóa"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1379 builtin/merge.c:216
+msgid "GPG sign commit"
+msgstr "ký lần commit dùng GPG"
+
+#. end commit message options
+#: builtin/commit.c:1382
+msgid "Commit contents options"
+msgstr "Các tùy nội dung ghi chú commit"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1383
+msgid "commit all changed files"
+msgstr "chuyển giao tất cả các tập tin có thay đổi"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1384
+msgid "add specified files to index for commit"
+msgstr "thêm các tập tin đã chỉ ra vào bảng mục lục để chuyển giao (commit)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1385
+msgid "interactively add files"
+msgstr "thêm các tập-tin bằng tương tác"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1386
+msgid "interactively add changes"
+msgstr "thêm các thay đổi bằng tương tác"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1387
+msgid "commit only specified files"
+msgstr "chỉ chuyển giao các tập tin đã chỉ ra"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1388
+msgid "bypass pre-commit hook"
+msgstr "vòng qua móc (hook) pre-commit"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1389
+msgid "show what would be committed"
+msgstr "hiển thị xem cái gì có thể được chuyển giao"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1400
+msgid "amend previous commit"
+msgstr "tu bổ (amend) lần commit trước"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1401
+msgid "bypass post-rewrite hook"
+msgstr "vòng qua móc (hook) post-rewrite"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1406
+msgid "ok to record an empty change"
+msgstr "ok để ghi lại một thay đổi trống rỗng"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1409
+msgid "ok to record a change with an empty message"
+msgstr "ok để ghi các thay đổi với lời nhắn trống rỗng"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1441
 msgid "could not parse HEAD commit"
 msgstr "không thể phân tích commit (lần chuyển giao) HEAD"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1484
-#: builtin/merge.c:509
+#: builtin/commit.c:1479 builtin/merge.c:510
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not open '%s' for reading"
-msgstr "không thể mở %s' để đọc"
+msgstr "không thể mở “%s” để đọc"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1491
+#: builtin/commit.c:1486
 #, c-format
 msgid "Corrupt MERGE_HEAD file (%s)"
 msgstr "Tập tin MERGE_HEAD sai hỏng (%s)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1498
+#: builtin/commit.c:1493
 msgid "could not read MERGE_MODE"
 msgstr "không thể đọc MERGE_MODE"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1517
+#: builtin/commit.c:1512
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not read commit message: %s"
 msgstr "không thể đọc thông điệp (message) commit (lần chuyển giao): %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1531
+#: builtin/commit.c:1526
 #, c-format
 msgid "Aborting commit; you did not edit the message.\n"
-msgstr "Đang bỏ qua việc chuyển giao (commit); bạn đã không biên soạn thông điệp (message).\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Đang bỏ qua việc chuyển giao (commit); bạn đã không biên soạn thông điệp "
+"(message).\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1536
+#: builtin/commit.c:1531
 #, c-format
 msgid "Aborting commit due to empty commit message.\n"
-msgstr "Đang bỏ qua lần chuyển giao (commit) bởi vì thông điệp của nó trống rỗng.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Đang bỏ qua lần chuyển giao (commit) bởi vì thông điệp của nó trống rỗng.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1551
-#: builtin/merge.c:936
-#: builtin/merge.c:961
+#: builtin/commit.c:1546 builtin/merge.c:847 builtin/merge.c:872
 msgid "failed to write commit object"
 msgstr "gặp lỗi khi ghi đối tượng chuyển giao (commit)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1572
+#: builtin/commit.c:1567
 msgid "cannot lock HEAD ref"
 msgstr "không thể khóa HEAD ref (tham chiếu)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1576
+#: builtin/commit.c:1571
 msgid "cannot update HEAD ref"
-msgstr "không thể cập nhật HEAD ref (tham chiếu)"
+msgstr "không thể cập nhật ref (tham chiếu) HEAD"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1587
+#: builtin/commit.c:1582
 msgid ""
 "Repository has been updated, but unable to write\n"
 "new_index file. Check that disk is not full or quota is\n"
@@ -2490,72 +4292,205 @@
 msgstr ""
 "Kho chứa đã hoàn tất việc cập nhật, nhưng không thể ghi vào\n"
 "tập tin new_index (bảng mục lục mới). Hãy kiểm tra xem đĩa có bị đầy quá\n"
-"hay quota (hạn nghạch đĩa cứng) bị vượt quá, và sau đó \"git reset HEAD\" để khắc phục."
+"hay quota (hạn nghạch đĩa cứng) bị vượt quá, và sau đó \"git reset HEAD\" để "
+"khắc phục."
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:234
+#: builtin/config.c:7
+msgid "git config [options]"
+msgstr "git config [các-tùy-chọn]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:51
+msgid "Config file location"
+msgstr "Vị trí tập tin cấu hình"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:52
+msgid "use global config file"
+msgstr "đặt tập tin cấu hình cần toàn cục"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:53
+msgid "use system config file"
+msgstr "sử dụng tập tin cấu hình hệ thống"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:54
+msgid "use repository config file"
+msgstr "dùng tập tin cấu hình của kho"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:55
+msgid "use given config file"
+msgstr "sử dụng tập tin cấu hình đã cho"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:56
+msgid "Action"
+msgstr "Hành động"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:57
+msgid "get value: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "lấy giá-trị: tên [value-regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:58
+msgid "get all values: key [value-regex]"
+msgstr "lấy tất cả giá-trị: khóa [value-regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:59
+msgid "get values for regexp: name-regex [value-regex]"
+msgstr "lấy giá trị cho regexp: name-regex [value-regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:60
+msgid "replace all matching variables: name value [value_regex]"
+msgstr "thay thế tất cả các biến khớp mẫu: tên giá-trị [value_regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:61
+msgid "add a new variable: name value"
+msgstr "thêm biến mới: tên giá-trị"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:62
+msgid "remove a variable: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "gỡ bỏ biến: tên [value-regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:63
+msgid "remove all matches: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "gỡ bỏ mọi cái khớp: tên [value-regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:64
+msgid "rename section: old-name new-name"
+msgstr "đổi tên chương: tên-cũ tên-mới"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:65
+msgid "remove a section: name"
+msgstr "gỡ bỏ chương: tên"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:66
+msgid "list all"
+msgstr "liệt kê tất"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:67
+msgid "open an editor"
+msgstr "mở một trình biên soạn"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:68 builtin/config.c:69
+msgid "slot"
+msgstr "khe"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:68
+msgid "find the color configured: [default]"
+msgstr "tìm cấu hình màu sắc: [mặc định]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:69
+msgid "find the color setting: [stdout-is-tty]"
+msgstr "tìm các cài đặt về màu sắc: [stdout-là-tty]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:70
+msgid "Type"
+msgstr "Kiểu"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:71
+msgid "value is \"true\" or \"false\""
+msgstr "giá trị là \"true\" hoặc \"false\""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:72
+msgid "value is decimal number"
+msgstr "giá trị ở dạng số thập phân"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:73
+msgid "value is --bool or --int"
+msgstr "giá trị là --bool hoặc --int"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:74
+msgid "value is a path (file or directory name)"
+msgstr "giá trị là đường dẫn (tên tập tin hay thư mục)"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:75
+msgid "Other"
+msgstr "Khác"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:76
+msgid "terminate values with NUL byte"
+msgstr "chấm dứt giá trị với byte NUL"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:77
+msgid "respect include directives on lookup"
+msgstr "tôn trọng kể cà các hướng trong tìm kiếm"
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:82
+msgid "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+msgstr "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:97
+msgid "print sizes in human readable format"
+msgstr "hiển thị kích cỡ theo định dạng dành cho người đọc"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:15
+msgid "git describe [options] <committish>*"
+msgstr "git describe [các-tùy-chọn] <committish>*"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:16
+msgid "git describe [options] --dirty"
+msgstr "git describe [các-tùy-chọn] --dirty"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:233
 #, c-format
 msgid "annotated tag %s not available"
 msgstr "thẻ đã được ghi chú %s không sẵn để dùng"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:238
+#: builtin/describe.c:237
 #, c-format
 msgid "annotated tag %s has no embedded name"
 msgstr "thẻ được chú giải %s không có tên nhúng"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:240
+#: builtin/describe.c:239
 #, c-format
 msgid "tag '%s' is really '%s' here"
-msgstr "thẻ '%s' đã thực sự ở đây '%s' rồi"
+msgstr "thẻ “%s” đã thực sự ở đây “%s” rồi"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:267
+#: builtin/describe.c:266
 #, c-format
 msgid "Not a valid object name %s"
 msgstr "Không phải tên đối tượng %s hợp lệ"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:270
+#: builtin/describe.c:269
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s is not a valid '%s' object"
-msgstr "%s không phải là một đối tượng '%s' hợp lệ"
+msgstr "%s không phải là một đối tượng “%s” hợp lệ"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:287
+#: builtin/describe.c:286
 #, c-format
 msgid "no tag exactly matches '%s'"
-msgstr "không có thẻ nào khớp chính xác với '%s'"
+msgstr "không có thẻ nào khớp chính xác với “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:289
+#: builtin/describe.c:288
 #, c-format
 msgid "searching to describe %s\n"
 msgstr "Đang tìm kiếm để mô tả %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:329
+#: builtin/describe.c:328
 #, c-format
 msgid "finished search at %s\n"
 msgstr "việc tìm kiếm đã kết thúc tại %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:353
+#: builtin/describe.c:352
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "No annotated tags can describe '%s'.\n"
 "However, there were unannotated tags: try --tags."
 msgstr ""
-"Không có thẻ được chú giải nào được mô tả là '%s'.\n"
+"Không có thẻ được chú giải nào được mô tả là “%s”.\n"
 "Tuy nhiên, ở đây có những thẻ không được chú giải: hãy thử --tags."
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:357
+#: builtin/describe.c:356
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "No tags can describe '%s'.\n"
 "Try --always, or create some tags."
 msgstr ""
-"Không có thẻ (tag) có thể mô tả '%s'.\n"
+"Không có thẻ (tag) có thể mô tả “%s”.\n"
 "Hãy thử --always, hoặt tạo một số thẻ."
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:378
+#: builtin/describe.c:377
 #, c-format
 msgid "traversed %lu commits\n"
 msgstr "đã xuyên %lu qua lần chuyển giao (commit)\n"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:381
+#: builtin/describe.c:380
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "more than %i tags found; listed %i most recent\n"
@@ -2564,185 +4499,351 @@
 "tìm thấy nhiều hơn %i thẻ (tag); đã liệt kê %i gần đây nhất\n"
 "bỏ đi tìm kiếm tại %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:436
+#: builtin/describe.c:402
+msgid "find the tag that comes after the commit"
+msgstr "tìm các thẻ mà nó đến trước lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:403
+msgid "debug search strategy on stderr"
+msgstr "chiến lược tìm kiếm trên đầu ra lỗi chuẩn stderr"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:404
+msgid "use any ref"
+msgstr "dùng ref bất kỳ"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:405
+msgid "use any tag, even unannotated"
+msgstr "dùng thẻ bất kỳ, cả khi “unannotated”"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:406
+msgid "always use long format"
+msgstr "luôn dùng định dạng dài"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:409
+msgid "only output exact matches"
+msgstr "chỉ xuất những gì khớp chính xác"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:411
+msgid "consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)"
+msgstr "coi như  <n> thẻ gần đây nhất (mặc định: 10)"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:413
+msgid "only consider tags matching <pattern>"
+msgstr "chỉ cân nhắc đến những thẻ khớp với  <mẫu>"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:415 builtin/name-rev.c:238
+msgid "show abbreviated commit object as fallback"
+msgstr "hiển thị đối tượng chuyển giao vắn tắt như là fallback"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:416
+msgid "mark"
+msgstr "dấu"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:417
+msgid "append <mark> on dirty working tree (default: \"-dirty\")"
+msgstr "thêm <dấu> trên cây thư mục làm việc bẩn (mặc định \"-dirty\")"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:435
 msgid "--long is incompatible with --abbrev=0"
 msgstr "--long là xung khắc với tùy chọn --abbrev=0"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:462
+#: builtin/describe.c:461
 msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
 msgstr "Không tìm thấy các tên, không thể mô tả gì cả."
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:482
+#: builtin/describe.c:481
 msgid "--dirty is incompatible with committishes"
 msgstr "--dirty là xung khắc với các tùy chọn dành cho chuyển giao (commit)"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:77
+#: builtin/diff.c:79
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': not a regular file or symlink"
-msgstr "'%s': không phải tập tin bình thường hay liên kết tượng trưng"
+msgstr "“%s”: không phải tập tin bình thường hay liên kết tượng trưng"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:220
+#: builtin/diff.c:228
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid option: %s"
 msgstr "tùy chọn sai: %s"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:297
+#: builtin/diff.c:305
 msgid "Not a git repository"
 msgstr "Không phải là kho git"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:347
+#: builtin/diff.c:348
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid object '%s' given."
-msgstr "đối tượng đã cho '%s' không hợp lệ."
+msgstr "đối tượng đã cho “%s” không hợp lệ."
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:352
+#: builtin/diff.c:353
 #, c-format
 msgid "more than %d trees given: '%s'"
-msgstr "đã chỉ ra nhiều hơn %d cây (tree): '%s'"
+msgstr "đã chỉ ra nhiều hơn %d cây (tree): “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:362
+#: builtin/diff.c:363
 #, c-format
 msgid "more than two blobs given: '%s'"
-msgstr "đã cho nhiều hơn hai đối tượng blob: '%s'"
+msgstr "đã cho nhiều hơn hai đối tượng blob: “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:370
+#: builtin/diff.c:371
 #, c-format
 msgid "unhandled object '%s' given."
-msgstr "đã cho đối tượng không thể nắm giữ '%s'."
+msgstr "đã cho đối tượng không thể nắm giữ “%s”."
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:200
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:22
+msgid "git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"
+msgstr "git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:658
+msgid "show progress after <n> objects"
+msgstr "hiển thị tiến triển sau <n> đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:660
+msgid "select handling of signed tags"
+msgstr "chọn điều khiển của thẻ đã ký"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:663
+msgid "select handling of tags that tag filtered objects"
+msgstr "chọn sự xử lý của các thẻ, cái mà đánh thẻ các đối tượng được lọc ra"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:666
+msgid "Dump marks to this file"
+msgstr "Đổ các đánh dấu này vào tập-tin"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:668
+msgid "Import marks from this file"
+msgstr "nhập vào đánh dấu từ tập tin này"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:670
+msgid "Fake a tagger when tags lack one"
+msgstr "Làm giả một cái thẻ khi thẻ bị thiếu một cái"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:672
+msgid "Output full tree for each commit"
+msgstr "Xuất ra toàn bộ cây cho mỗi lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:674
+msgid "Use the done feature to terminate the stream"
+msgstr "Sử dụng tính năng done để chấm dứt luồng dữ liệu"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:675
+msgid "Skip output of blob data"
+msgstr "Bỏ qua kết xuất của dữ liệu blob"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:20
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git fetch [<các-tùy-chọn>] [<kho-chứa> [<refspec>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:21
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] <group>"
+msgstr "git fetch [<các-tùy-chọn>] [<nhóm>"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:22
+msgid "git fetch --multiple [<options>] [(<repository> | <group>)...]"
+msgstr "git fetch --multiple [<các-tùy-chọn>] [(<kho> | <nhóm>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:23
+msgid "git fetch --all [<options>]"
+msgstr "git fetch --all [<các-tùy-chọn>]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:60
+msgid "fetch from all remotes"
+msgstr "fetch từ tất cả các máy chủ"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:62
+msgid "append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting"
+msgstr "nối thêm vào .git/FETCH_HEAD thay vì ghi đè lên nó"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:64
+msgid "path to upload pack on remote end"
+msgstr "đường dẫn đến gói (pack) tải lên trên máy chủ cuối"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:65
+msgid "force overwrite of local branch"
+msgstr "ép buộc ghi đè lên nhánh nội bộ"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:67
+msgid "fetch from multiple remotes"
+msgstr "fetch từ nhiều máy chủ cùng lúc"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:69
+msgid "fetch all tags and associated objects"
+msgstr "lấy (fetch) tất cả các thẻ cùng với các đối tượng liên quan đến nó"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:71
+msgid "do not fetch all tags (--no-tags)"
+msgstr "không lấy (fetch) tất cả các thẻ (--no-tags)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:73
+msgid "prune remote-tracking branches no longer on remote"
+msgstr ""
+"cắt cụt (prune) các nhánh “remote-tracking” không còn tồn tại trên máy chủ "
+"nữa"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:74
+msgid "on-demand"
+msgstr "khi-cần"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:75
+msgid "control recursive fetching of submodules"
+msgstr "điều khiển việc lấy về (fetch) đệ quy trong các mô-đun-con"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:79
+msgid "keep downloaded pack"
+msgstr "giữ các gói đã tải về"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:81
+msgid "allow updating of HEAD ref"
+msgstr "cho phép cập nhật ref (tham chiếu) HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:84
+msgid "deepen history of shallow clone"
+msgstr "làm sâu hơn lịch sử của bản sao"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:86
+msgid "convert to a complete repository"
+msgstr "chuyển đổi hoàn toàn sang kho git"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:88 builtin/log.c:1130
+msgid "dir"
+msgstr "tmục"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:89
+msgid "prepend this to submodule path output"
+msgstr "soạn sẵn cái này cho kết xuất đường dẫn mô-đun-con"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:92
+msgid "default mode for recursion"
+msgstr "chế độ mặc định cho đệ qui"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:204
 msgid "Couldn't find remote ref HEAD"
 msgstr "Không thể tìm thấy máy chủ cho tham chiếu HEAD"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:253
+#: builtin/fetch.c:257
 #, c-format
 msgid "object %s not found"
 msgstr "Không tìm thấy đối tượng %s"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:259
+#: builtin/fetch.c:262
 msgid "[up to date]"
 msgstr "[đã cập nhật]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:273
+#: builtin/fetch.c:276
 #, c-format
 msgid "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (can't fetch in current branch)"
-msgstr "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (không thể fetch (lấy về) trong nhánh hiện hành)"
+msgstr "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (không thể fetch (lấy) về nhánh hiện hành)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:274
-#: builtin/fetch.c:360
+#: builtin/fetch.c:277 builtin/fetch.c:363
 msgid "[rejected]"
 msgstr "[Bị từ chối]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:285
+#: builtin/fetch.c:288
 msgid "[tag update]"
 msgstr "[cập nhật thẻ]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:287
-#: builtin/fetch.c:322
-#: builtin/fetch.c:340
+#: builtin/fetch.c:290 builtin/fetch.c:325 builtin/fetch.c:343
 msgid "  (unable to update local ref)"
 msgstr "  (không thể cập nhật tham chiếu (ref) nội bộ)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:305
+#: builtin/fetch.c:308
 msgid "[new tag]"
 msgstr "[thẻ mới]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:308
+#: builtin/fetch.c:311
 msgid "[new branch]"
 msgstr "[nhánh mới]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:311
+#: builtin/fetch.c:314
 msgid "[new ref]"
 msgstr "[ref (tham chiếu) mới]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:356
+#: builtin/fetch.c:359
 msgid "unable to update local ref"
 msgstr "không thể cập nhật tham chiếu (ref) nội bộ"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:356
+#: builtin/fetch.c:359
 msgid "forced update"
 msgstr "cưỡng bức cập nhật"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:362
+#: builtin/fetch.c:365
 msgid "(non-fast-forward)"
 msgstr "(non-fast-forward)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:393
-#: builtin/fetch.c:685
+#: builtin/fetch.c:396 builtin/fetch.c:688
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open %s: %s\n"
 msgstr "không thể mở %s: %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:402
+#: builtin/fetch.c:405
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s did not send all necessary objects\n"
 msgstr "%s đã không gửi tất cả các đối tượng cần thiết\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:488
+#: builtin/fetch.c:491
 #, c-format
 msgid "From %.*s\n"
 msgstr "Từ %.*s\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:499
+#: builtin/fetch.c:502
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "some local refs could not be updated; try running\n"
 " 'git remote prune %s' to remove any old, conflicting branches"
 msgstr ""
 "một số tham chiếu (refs) nội bộ không thể được cập nhật; hãy thử chạy\n"
-" 'git remote prune %s' để bỏ đi những nhánh cũ, hay bị xung đột"
+" “git remote prune %s” để bỏ đi những nhánh cũ, hay bị xung đột"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:549
+#: builtin/fetch.c:552
 #, c-format
 msgid "   (%s will become dangling)"
-msgstr "   (%s sẽ trở thành lủng lẳng (không được quản lý))"
+msgstr "   (%s sẽ trở thành không đầu (không được quản lý))"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:550
+#: builtin/fetch.c:553
 #, c-format
 msgid "   (%s has become dangling)"
-msgstr "   (%s phải trở thành lủng lẳng (không được quản lý))"
+msgstr "   (%s đã trở thành không đầu (không được quản lý))"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:557
+#: builtin/fetch.c:560
 msgid "[deleted]"
 msgstr "[đã xóa]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:558
-#: builtin/remote.c:1055
+#: builtin/fetch.c:561 builtin/remote.c:1055
 msgid "(none)"
 msgstr "(không)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:675
+#: builtin/fetch.c:678
 #, c-format
 msgid "Refusing to fetch into current branch %s of non-bare repository"
-msgstr "Từ chối việc lấy (fetch) vào trong nhánh hiện tại %s của một kho chứa không phải kho trần (bare)"
+msgstr ""
+"Từ chối việc lấy (fetch) vào trong nhánh hiện tại %s của một kho chứa không "
+"phải kho trần (bare)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:709
+#: builtin/fetch.c:712
 #, c-format
 msgid "Don't know how to fetch from %s"
 msgstr "Không biết làm cách nào để lấy về (fetch) từ %s"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:786
+#: builtin/fetch.c:789
 #, c-format
 msgid "Option \"%s\" value \"%s\" is not valid for %s"
 msgstr "Tùy chọn \"%s\" có giá trị \"%s\" là không hợp lệ cho %s"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:789
+#: builtin/fetch.c:792
 #, c-format
 msgid "Option \"%s\" is ignored for %s\n"
 msgstr "Tùy chọn \"%s\" bị bỏ qua với %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:888
+#: builtin/fetch.c:894
 #, c-format
 msgid "Fetching %s\n"
 msgstr "Đang lấy (fetch) %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:890
-#: builtin/remote.c:100
+#: builtin/fetch.c:896 builtin/remote.c:100
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not fetch %s"
 msgstr "không thể fetch (lấy) %s"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:907
+#: builtin/fetch.c:915
 msgid ""
 "No remote repository specified.  Please, specify either a URL or a\n"
 "remote name from which new revisions should be fetched."
@@ -2750,424 +4851,852 @@
 "Chưa chỉ ra kho chứa máy chủ.  Xin hãy chỉ định hoặc là URL hoặc\n"
 "tên máy chủ từ cái mà những điểm xét duyệt mới có thể được fetch (lấy về)."
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:927
+#: builtin/fetch.c:935
 msgid "You need to specify a tag name."
 msgstr "Bạn phải định rõ tên thẻ."
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:979
-msgid "fetch --all does not take a repository argument"
-msgstr "lệnh lấy về sử dụng tùy chọn --all sẽ không lấy đối số kho chứa"
-
 #: builtin/fetch.c:981
-msgid "fetch --all does not make sense with refspecs"
-msgstr "lệnh lấy về fetch sử dụng tùy chọn --all không hợp lý với refspecs"
+msgid "--depth and --unshallow cannot be used together"
+msgstr "tùy chọn --depth và --unshallow không thể sử dụng cùng với nhau"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:992
+#: builtin/fetch.c:983
+msgid "--unshallow on a complete repository does not make sense"
+msgstr "--unshallow trên kho hoàn chỉnh là không hợp lý"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1002
+msgid "fetch --all does not take a repository argument"
+msgstr "lệnh lấy về \"fetch --all\" không lấy đối số kho chứa"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1004
+msgid "fetch --all does not make sense with refspecs"
+msgstr "lệnh lấy về \"fetch --all\" không hợp lý với refspecs"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1015
 #, c-format
 msgid "No such remote or remote group: %s"
 msgstr "không có nhóm máy chủ hay máy chủ như thế: %s"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:1000
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1023
 msgid "Fetching a group and specifying refspecs does not make sense"
 msgstr "Việc lấy về cả một nhóm và chỉ định refspecs không hợp lý"
 
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:13
+msgid "git fmt-merge-msg [-m <message>] [--log[=<n>]|--no-log] [--file <file>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git fmt-merge-msg [-m <thông điệp>] [--log[=<n>]|--no-log] [--file <tập-tin>]"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:663 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:666 builtin/grep.c:701
+#: builtin/merge.c:188 builtin/show-branch.c:655 builtin/show-ref.c:175
+#: builtin/tag.c:446 parse-options.h:133 parse-options.h:239
+msgid "n"
+msgstr "n"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:664
+msgid "populate log with at most <n> entries from shortlog"
+msgstr "gắn nhật ký với ít nhất <n> mục từ lệnh “shortlog”"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:667
+msgid "alias for --log (deprecated)"
+msgstr "bí danh cho --log (không được dùng)"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:670
+msgid "text"
+msgstr "văn bản"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:671
+msgid "use <text> as start of message"
+msgstr "dùng <văn bản thường> để bắt đầu ghi chú"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:672
+msgid "file to read from"
+msgstr "tập tin để đọc dữ liệu từ đó"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:979
+msgid "git for-each-ref [options] [<pattern>]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [các-tùy-chọn] [<mẫu>]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:994
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for shells"
+msgstr "trích dẫn để phù hợp cho hệ vỏ (shell)"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:996
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for perl"
+msgstr "trích dẫn để phù hợp cho perl"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:998
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for python"
+msgstr "trích dẫn để phù hợp cho python"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1000
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for tcl"
+msgstr "trích dẫn để phù hợp cho tcl"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1003
+msgid "show only <n> matched refs"
+msgstr "hiển thị chỉ <n> tham chiếu khớp"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1004
+msgid "format"
+msgstr "định dạng"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1004
+msgid "format to use for the output"
+msgstr "định dạng sẽ dùng cho đầu ra"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1005
+msgid "key"
+msgstr "khóa"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1006
+msgid "field name to sort on"
+msgstr "tên trường cần sắp xếp"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:608
+msgid "git fsck [options] [<object>...]"
+msgstr "git fsck [các-tùy-chọn] [<đối-tượng>...]"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:614
+msgid "show unreachable objects"
+msgstr "hiển thị các đối tượng không thể đọc được"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:615
+msgid "show dangling objects"
+msgstr "hiển thị các đối tượng không được quản lý"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:616
+msgid "report tags"
+msgstr "báo cáo các thẻ"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:617
+msgid "report root nodes"
+msgstr "báo cáo node gốc"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:618
+msgid "make index objects head nodes"
+msgstr "tạo “ index objects head nodes”"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:619
+msgid "make reflogs head nodes (default)"
+msgstr "tạo  reflogs head nodes (mặc định)"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:620
+msgid "also consider packs and alternate objects"
+msgstr "cũng cân nhắc đến các đối tượng gói và thay thế"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:621
+msgid "enable more strict checking"
+msgstr "cho phép kiểm tra hạn chế hơn"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:623
+msgid "write dangling objects in .git/lost-found"
+msgstr "ghi các đối tượng không được quản lý trong .git/lost-found"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:624 builtin/prune.c:134
+msgid "show progress"
+msgstr "hiển thị quá trình"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:22
+msgid "git gc [options]"
+msgstr "git gc [các-tùy-chọn]"
+
 #: builtin/gc.c:63
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid %s: '%s'"
-msgstr "%s không hợp lệ: '%s'"
+msgstr "%s không hợp lệ: “%s”"
 
 #: builtin/gc.c:90
 #, c-format
 msgid "insanely long object directory %.*s"
 msgstr "thư mục đối tượng dài một cách điên rồ  %.*s"
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:221
-#, c-format
-msgid "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance.\n"
-msgstr "Tự động đóng gói kho chứa để tối ưu hóa hiệu suất làm việc.\n"
+#: builtin/gc.c:179
+msgid "prune unreferenced objects"
+msgstr "xóa bỏ các đối tượng không được tham chiếu"
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:224
+#: builtin/gc.c:181
+msgid "be more thorough (increased runtime)"
+msgstr "cẩn thận hơn nữa (tăng thời gian chạy)"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:182
+msgid "enable auto-gc mode"
+msgstr "bật chế độ auto-gc"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:222
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance. You may also\n"
 "run \"git gc\" manually. See \"git help gc\" for more information.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "Tự động đóng gói kho chứa để tối ưu hóa hiệu suất làm việc.\n"
-"chạy lệnh \"git gc\" một cách thủ công. Hãy xem \"git help gc\" để biết thêm chi tiết.\n"
+"chạy lệnh \"git gc\" một cách thủ công. Hãy xem \"git help gc\" để biết thêm "
+"chi tiết.\n"
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:251
-msgid "There are too many unreachable loose objects; run 'git prune' to remove them."
-msgstr "Có quá nhiều đối tượng tự do không được dùng đến; hãy chạy lệnh 'git prune' để xóa bỏ chúng đi."
+#: builtin/gc.c:249
+msgid ""
+"There are too many unreachable loose objects; run 'git prune' to remove them."
+msgstr ""
+"Có quá nhiều đối tượng tự do không được dùng đến; hãy chạy lệnh “git prune” "
+"để xóa bỏ chúng đi."
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:216
+#: builtin/grep.c:22
+msgid "git grep [options] [-e] <pattern> [<rev>...] [[--] <path>...]"
+msgstr "git grep [các-tùy-chọn] [-e] <mẫu> [<rev>...] [[--] <đường-dẫn>...]"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:217
 #, c-format
 msgid "grep: failed to create thread: %s"
 msgstr "grep: gặp lỗi tạo tuyến (thread): %s"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:402
+#: builtin/grep.c:365
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to chdir: %s"
 msgstr "Gặp lỗi với lệnh chdir: %s"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:478
-#: builtin/grep.c:512
+#: builtin/grep.c:443 builtin/grep.c:478
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to read tree (%s)"
 msgstr "không thể đọc cây (%s)"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:526
+#: builtin/grep.c:493
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to grep from object of type %s"
 msgstr "không thể thực hiện lệnh grep (lọc tìm) từ đối tượng thuộc kiểu %s"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:584
+#: builtin/grep.c:551
 #, c-format
 msgid "switch `%c' expects a numerical value"
-msgstr "chuyển đến `%c' mong chờ một giá trị bằng số"
+msgstr "chuyển đến “%c” cần một giá trị bằng số"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:601
+#: builtin/grep.c:568
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open '%s'"
-msgstr "không mở được '%s'"
+msgstr "không mở được “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:885
+#: builtin/grep.c:643
+msgid "search in index instead of in the work tree"
+msgstr "tìm trong bảng mục lục thay vì trong cây làm việc"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:645
+msgid "find in contents not managed by git"
+msgstr "tìm trong nội dung không được quản lý bởi git"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:647
+msgid "search in both tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr "tìm kiếm các tập tin được và chưa được theo dõi dấu vết"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:649
+msgid "search also in ignored files"
+msgstr "tìm cả trong các tập tin đã bị lờ đi"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:652
+msgid "show non-matching lines"
+msgstr "hiển thị  những dòng không khớp với mẫu"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:654
+msgid "case insensitive matching"
+msgstr "phân biệt chữ hoa/thường"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:656
+msgid "match patterns only at word boundaries"
+msgstr "chỉ khớp mẫu tại đường ranh giới từ"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:658
+msgid "process binary files as text"
+msgstr "xử lý tập tin nhị phân như là dạng văn bản thường"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:660
+msgid "don't match patterns in binary files"
+msgstr "không khớp mẫu trong các tập tin nhị phân"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:663
+msgid "descend at most <depth> levels"
+msgstr "giảm xuống ít nhất mức <sâu>"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:667
+msgid "use extended POSIX regular expressions"
+msgstr "dùng biểu thức chính qui POSIX có mở rộng"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:670
+msgid "use basic POSIX regular expressions (default)"
+msgstr "sử dụng biểu thức chính quy kiểu POSIX (mặc định)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:673
+msgid "interpret patterns as fixed strings"
+msgstr "diễn dịch các mẫu như là chuỗi cố định"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:676
+msgid "use Perl-compatible regular expressions"
+msgstr "sử dụng biểu thức chính quy tương thích Perl"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:679
+msgid "show line numbers"
+msgstr "hiển thị số của dòng"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:680
+msgid "don't show filenames"
+msgstr "không hiển thị tên tập tin"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:681
+msgid "show filenames"
+msgstr "hiển thị các tên tập tin"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:683
+msgid "show filenames relative to top directory"
+msgstr "hiển thị tên tập tin tương đối với thư mục đỉnh (top)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:685
+msgid "show only filenames instead of matching lines"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị tên tập tin thay vì những dòng khớp với mẫu"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:687
+msgid "synonym for --files-with-matches"
+msgstr "đồng nghĩa với --files-with-matches"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:690
+msgid "show only the names of files without match"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị tên cho những tập tin không khớp với mẫu"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:692
+msgid "print NUL after filenames"
+msgstr "thêm NUL vào sau tên tập tin"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:694
+msgid "show the number of matches instead of matching lines"
+msgstr "hiển thị số lượng khớp thay vì những dòng khớp với mẫu"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:695
+msgid "highlight matches"
+msgstr "tô sáng cái khớp"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:697
+msgid "print empty line between matches from different files"
+msgstr "hiển thị dòng trống giữa các lần khớp từ các tập tin khác biệt"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:699
+msgid "show filename only once above matches from same file"
+msgstr ""
+"hiển thị tên tập tin một lần phía trên các lần khớp từ cùng một tập tin"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:702
+msgid "show <n> context lines before and after matches"
+msgstr "hiển thị <n> dòng nội dung phía trước và sau các lần khớp"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:705
+msgid "show <n> context lines before matches"
+msgstr "hiển thị <n> dòng nội dung trước khớp"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:707
+msgid "show <n> context lines after matches"
+msgstr "hiển thị <n> dòng nội dung sau khớp"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:708
+msgid "shortcut for -C NUM"
+msgstr "Dạng tắt cho -C SỐ"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:711
+msgid "show a line with the function name before matches"
+msgstr "hiển thị dòng vói tên hàm trước các lần khớp"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:713
+msgid "show the surrounding function"
+msgstr "hiển thị hàm bao quanh"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:716
+msgid "read patterns from file"
+msgstr "đọc mẫu từ tập-tin"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:718
+msgid "match <pattern>"
+msgstr "match <mẫu>"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:720
+msgid "combine patterns specified with -e"
+msgstr "tổ hợp mẫu được chỉ ra với tùy chọn -e"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:732
+msgid "indicate hit with exit status without output"
+msgstr "đưa ra gợi ý với trạng thái thoát mà không có kết xuất"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:734
+msgid "show only matches from files that match all patterns"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị những cái khớp từ tập tin mà nó khớp toàn bộ các mẫu"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:736
+msgid "show parse tree for grep expression"
+msgstr "hiển thị cây phân tích cú pháp cho biểu thức “grep” (tìm kiếm)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:740
+msgid "pager"
+msgstr "trang giấy"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:740
+msgid "show matching files in the pager"
+msgstr "hiển thị các tập tin khớp trong trang giấy"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:743
+msgid "allow calling of grep(1) (ignored by this build)"
+msgstr "cho phép gọi grep(1) (bị bỏ qua bởi lần dịch này)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:744 builtin/show-ref.c:184
+msgid "show usage"
+msgstr "hiển thị cách dùng"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:811
 msgid "no pattern given."
 msgstr "chưa chỉ ra mẫu."
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:899
-#, c-format
-msgid "bad object %s"
-msgstr "đối tượng sai %s"
-
-#: builtin/grep.c:940
+#: builtin/grep.c:866
 msgid "--open-files-in-pager only works on the worktree"
 msgstr "--open-files-in-pager chỉ làm việc trên cây-làm-việc"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:963
+#: builtin/grep.c:889
 msgid "--cached or --untracked cannot be used with --no-index."
 msgstr "--cached hay --untracked không được sử dụng với --no-index."
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:968
+#: builtin/grep.c:894
 msgid "--no-index or --untracked cannot be used with revs."
-msgstr "--no-index hay --untracked không được sử dụng cùng với các tùy chọn liên quan đến revs."
+msgstr ""
+"--no-index hay --untracked không được sử dụng cùng với các tùy chọn liên "
+"quan đến revs."
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:971
+#: builtin/grep.c:897
 msgid "--[no-]exclude-standard cannot be used for tracked contents."
 msgstr "--[no-]exclude-standard không thể sử dụng cho nội dung lưu dấu vết."
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:979
+#: builtin/grep.c:905
 msgid "both --cached and trees are given."
 msgstr "cả hai --cached và các cây phải được chỉ ra."
 
-#: builtin/help.c:59
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:60
+msgid ""
+"git hash-object [-t <type>] [-w] [--path=<file>|--no-filters] [--stdin] [--] "
+"<file>..."
+msgstr ""
+"git hash-object [-t <kiểu>] [-w] [--path=<tập-tin>|--no-filters] [--stdin] "
+"[--] <tập-tin>..."
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:61
+msgid "git hash-object  --stdin-paths < <list-of-paths>"
+msgstr "git hash-object  --stdin-paths < <danh-sách-đường-dẫn>"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:72
+msgid "type"
+msgstr "kiểu"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:72
+msgid "object type"
+msgstr "kiểu đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:73
+msgid "write the object into the object database"
+msgstr "ghi đối tượng vào dữ liệu đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:74
+msgid "read the object from stdin"
+msgstr "đọc đối tượng từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn stdin"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:76
+msgid "store file as is without filters"
+msgstr "lưu các tập tin mà nó không có các bộ lọc"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:77
+msgid "process file as it were from this path"
+msgstr "xử lý tập tin như là nó đang ở thư mục này"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:43
+msgid "print all available commands"
+msgstr "hiển thị danh sách các câu lệnh người dùng có thể sử dụng"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:44
+msgid "print list of useful guides"
+msgstr "hiển thị danh sách các hướng dẫn hữu dụng"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:45
+msgid "show man page"
+msgstr "hiển thị trang man"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:46
+msgid "show manual in web browser"
+msgstr "hiển thị hướng dẫn sử dụng trong trình duyệt web"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:48
+msgid "show info page"
+msgstr "hiện trang info"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:54
+msgid "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man|--web|--info] [command]"
+msgstr "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man|--web|--info] [lệnh]"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:66
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized help format '%s'"
-msgstr "không nhận ra định dạng trợ giúp '%s'"
+msgstr "không nhận ra định dạng trợ giúp “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:87
+#: builtin/help.c:94
 msgid "Failed to start emacsclient."
 msgstr "Lỗi khởi chạy emacsclient."
 
-#: builtin/help.c:100
+#: builtin/help.c:107
 msgid "Failed to parse emacsclient version."
 msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi phân tích phiên bản emacsclient."
 
-#: builtin/help.c:108
+#: builtin/help.c:115
 #, c-format
 msgid "emacsclient version '%d' too old (< 22)."
-msgstr "phiên bản của emacsclient '%d' quá cũ (< 22)."
+msgstr "phiên bản của emacsclient “%d” quá cũ (< 22)."
 
-#: builtin/help.c:126
-#: builtin/help.c:154
-#: builtin/help.c:163
-#: builtin/help.c:171
+#: builtin/help.c:133 builtin/help.c:161 builtin/help.c:170 builtin/help.c:178
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to exec '%s': %s"
-msgstr "gặp lỗi khi thực thi '%s': %s"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi thực thi “%s”: %s"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:211
+#: builtin/help.c:218
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s': path for unsupported man viewer.\n"
 "Please consider using 'man.<tool>.cmd' instead."
 msgstr ""
-"'%s': đường dẫn không hỗ trợ bộ trình chiếu man.\n"
-"Hãy cân nhắc đến việc sử dụng 'man.<tool>.cmd' để thay thế."
+"“%s”: đường dẫn không hỗ trợ bộ trình chiếu man.\n"
+"Hãy cân nhắc đến việc sử dụng “man.<tool>.cmd” để thay thế."
 
-#: builtin/help.c:223
+#: builtin/help.c:230
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s': cmd for supported man viewer.\n"
 "Please consider using 'man.<tool>.path' instead."
 msgstr ""
-"'%s': cmd (lệnh) hỗ trợ bộ trình chiếu man.\n"
-"Hãy cân nhắc đến việc sử dụng 'man.<tool>.path' để thay thế."
+"“%s”: cmd (lệnh) hỗ trợ bộ trình chiếu man.\n"
+"Hãy cân nhắc đến việc sử dụng “man.<tool>.path” để thay thế."
 
-#: builtin/help.c:287
-msgid "The most commonly used git commands are:"
-msgstr "Những lệnh git hay được sử dụng nhất là:"
-
-#: builtin/help.c:355
+#: builtin/help.c:351
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': unknown man viewer."
-msgstr "'%s': không rõ chương trình xem man."
+msgstr "“%s”: không rõ chương trình xem man."
 
-#: builtin/help.c:372
+#: builtin/help.c:368
 msgid "no man viewer handled the request"
 msgstr "không có trình xem trợ giúp dạng manpage tiếp hợp với yêu cầu"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:380
+#: builtin/help.c:376
 msgid "no info viewer handled the request"
 msgstr "không có trình xem trợ giúp dạng info tiếp hợp với yêu cầu"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:391
-#, c-format
-msgid "'%s': not a documentation directory."
-msgstr "'%s': không phải là một thư mục tài liệu."
+#: builtin/help.c:422
+msgid "Defining attributes per path"
+msgstr "Định nghĩa các thuộc tính cho mỗi đường dẫn"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:432
-#: builtin/help.c:439
+#: builtin/help.c:423
+msgid "A Git glossary"
+msgstr "Thuật ngữ chuyên môn Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:424
+msgid "Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore"
+msgstr "Chỉ định các tập tin chưa theo dõi dấu vết bị bỏ qua một cách cố ý"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:425
+msgid "Defining submodule properties"
+msgstr "Định nghĩa thuộc tính mô-đun-con"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:426
+msgid "Specifying revisions and ranges for Git"
+msgstr "Chỉ định điểm xét duyệt và vùng cho Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:427
+msgid "A tutorial introduction to Git (for version 1.5.1 or newer)"
+msgstr "Hướng dẫn cách dùng Git ở mức cơ bản (dành cho bản 1.5.1 hay mới hơn)"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:428
+msgid "An overview of recommended workflows with Git"
+msgstr "Tổng quan về luồng công việc khuyến nghị nên dùng với Git."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:440
+msgid "The common Git guides are:\n"
+msgstr "Các chỉ dẫn chung về cách dùng Git là:\n"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:462 builtin/help.c:478
 #, c-format
 msgid "usage: %s%s"
 msgstr "cách sử dụng: %s%s"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:453
+#: builtin/help.c:494
 #, c-format
 msgid "`git %s' is aliased to `%s'"
-msgstr "`git %s' được đặt bí danh thành `%s'"
+msgstr "“git %s” được đặt bí danh thành “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:169
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:182
 #, c-format
 msgid "object type mismatch at %s"
 msgstr "kiểu đối tượng không khớp tại %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:189
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:202
 msgid "object of unexpected type"
 msgstr "đối tượng của kiểu không mong đợi"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:226
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:239
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot fill %d byte"
 msgid_plural "cannot fill %d bytes"
 msgstr[0] "không thể điền vào %d byte"
 msgstr[1] "không thể điền vào %d byte"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:236
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:249
 msgid "early EOF"
 msgstr "vừa đúng lúc EOF"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:237
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:250
 msgid "read error on input"
 msgstr "lỗi đọc ở đầu vào"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:249
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:262
 msgid "used more bytes than were available"
 msgstr "sử dụng nhiều hơn số lượng byte mà nó sẵn có"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:256
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:269
 msgid "pack too large for current definition of off_t"
 msgstr "pack quá lớn so với định nghĩa hiện tại của kiểu off_t"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:272
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:285
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to create '%s'"
-msgstr "không thể tạo '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể tạo “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:277
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:290
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open packfile '%s'"
-msgstr "không thể mở packfile '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể mở packfile “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:291
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:304
 msgid "pack signature mismatch"
 msgstr "chữ ký cho pack không khớp"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:311
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:306
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack version %<PRIu32> unsupported"
+msgstr "không hỗ trợ phiên bản pack %<PRIu32>"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:324
 #, c-format
 msgid "pack has bad object at offset %lu: %s"
 msgstr "pack có đối tượng sai khoảng bù (offset) %lu: %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:405
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:446
 #, c-format
 msgid "inflate returned %d"
 msgstr "xả nén trả về %d"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:450
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:495
 msgid "offset value overflow for delta base object"
 msgstr "tràn giá trị khoảng bù cho đối tượng delta cơ sở"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:458
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:503
 msgid "delta base offset is out of bound"
 msgstr "khoảng bù cơ sở cho delta nằm ngoài phạm vi"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:466
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:511
 #, c-format
 msgid "unknown object type %d"
 msgstr "không hiểu kiểu đối tượng %d"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:495
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:542
 msgid "cannot pread pack file"
 msgstr "không thể chạy hàm pread cho tập tin pack"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:497
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:544
 #, c-format
 msgid "premature end of pack file, %lu byte missing"
 msgid_plural "premature end of pack file, %lu bytes missing"
 msgstr[0] "tập tin pack bị kết thúc sớm, %lu byte bị thiếu"
 msgstr[1] "tập tin pack bị kết thúc sớm, %lu byte bị thiếu"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:510
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:570
 msgid "serious inflate inconsistency"
 msgstr "sự mâu thuẫn xả nén nghiêm trọng"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:583
-#, c-format
-msgid "cannot read existing object %s"
-msgstr "không thể đọc đối tượng đã tồn tại %s"
-
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:586
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:661 builtin/index-pack.c:667 builtin/index-pack.c:690
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:724 builtin/index-pack.c:733
 #, c-format
 msgid "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"
 msgstr "SỰ VA CHẠM SHA1 ĐÃ XẢY RA VỚI %s!"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:598
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:664 builtin/pack-objects.c:170
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:262
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read %s"
+msgstr "không thể đọc %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:730
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read existing object %s"
+msgstr "không thể đọc đối tượng đã tồn tại %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:744
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid blob object %s"
 msgstr "đối tượng blob không hợp lệ %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:610
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:759
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid %s"
 msgstr "%s không hợp lệ"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:612
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:761
 msgid "Error in object"
 msgstr "Lỗi trong đối tượng"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:614
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:763
 #, c-format
 msgid "Not all child objects of %s are reachable"
 msgstr "Không phải tất cả các đối tượng con của %s là có thể với tới được"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:687
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:713
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:833 builtin/index-pack.c:863
 msgid "failed to apply delta"
 msgstr "gặp lỗi khi áp dụng delta"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:850
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1004
 msgid "Receiving objects"
 msgstr "Đang nhận về các đối tượng"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:850
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1004
 msgid "Indexing objects"
 msgstr "Các đối tượng bảng mục lục"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:872
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1030
 msgid "pack is corrupted (SHA1 mismatch)"
 msgstr "pack bị sai hỏng (SHA1 không khớp)"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:877
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1035
 msgid "cannot fstat packfile"
 msgstr "không thể fstat packfile"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:880
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1038
 msgid "pack has junk at the end"
 msgstr "pack có phần thừa ở cuối"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:903
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1049
+msgid "confusion beyond insanity in parse_pack_objects()"
+msgstr "lộn xộn hơn cả điên rồ khi chạy hàm parse_pack_objects()"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1072
 msgid "Resolving deltas"
 msgstr "Đang phân giải các delta"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:954
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1082
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create thread: %s"
+msgstr "không thể tạo tuyến: %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1124
 msgid "confusion beyond insanity"
 msgstr "lộn xộn hơn cả điên rồ"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:973
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1132
+#, c-format
+msgid "completed with %d local objects"
+msgstr "đầy đủ với %d đối tượng nội bộ"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1142
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unexpected tail checksum for %s (disk corruption?)"
+msgstr "Tổng kiểm tra tail không như mong đợi cho %s (đĩa hỏng?)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1146
 #, c-format
 msgid "pack has %d unresolved delta"
 msgid_plural "pack has %d unresolved deltas"
 msgstr[0] "pack có %d delta chưa được giải quyết"
 msgstr[1] "pack có %d delta chưa được giải quyết"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:998
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1171
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to deflate appended object (%d)"
 msgstr "không thể xả đối tượng nối thêm (%d)"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1077
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1250
 #, c-format
 msgid "local object %s is corrupt"
 msgstr "đối tượng nội bộ %s bị hỏng"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1101
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1274
 msgid "error while closing pack file"
 msgstr "gặp lỗi trong khi đóng tập tin pack"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1114
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1287
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot write keep file '%s'"
-msgstr "không thể ghi tập tin giữ lại '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể ghi tập tin giữ lại “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1122
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1295
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot close written keep file '%s'"
-msgstr "không thể đóng tập tin giữ lại đã được ghi '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể đóng tập tin giữ lại đã được ghi “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1135
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1308
 msgid "cannot store pack file"
 msgstr "không thể lưu tập tin pack"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1146
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1319
 msgid "cannot store index file"
 msgstr "không thể lưu trữ tập tin ghi mục lục"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1247
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1352
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
+msgstr "sai pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1358
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid number of threads specified (%d)"
+msgstr "số tuyến chỉ ra không hợp lệ (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1362 builtin/index-pack.c:1535
+#, c-format
+msgid "no threads support, ignoring %s"
+msgstr "không hỗ trợ đa tuyến, bỏ qua %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1420
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot open existing pack file '%s'"
-msgstr "Không thể mở tập tin pack đã sẵn có '%s' "
+msgstr "Không thể mở tập tin pack đã sẵn có “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1249
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1422
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot open existing pack idx file for '%s'"
-msgstr "Không thể mở tập tin 'pack idx' cho '%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể mở tập tin “pack idx” cho “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1296
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1469
 #, c-format
 msgid "non delta: %d object"
 msgid_plural "non delta: %d objects"
 msgstr[0] "không delta: %d đối tượng"
 msgstr[1] "không delta: %d đối tượng"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1303
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1476
 #, c-format
 msgid "chain length = %d: %lu object"
 msgid_plural "chain length = %d: %lu objects"
 msgstr[0] "chiều dài xích = %d: %lu đối tượng"
 msgstr[1] "chiều dài xích = %d: %lu đối tượng"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1330
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1503
 msgid "Cannot come back to cwd"
 msgstr "Không thể quay lại cwd"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1374
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1377
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1389
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1393
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1547 builtin/index-pack.c:1550
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1562 builtin/index-pack.c:1566
 #, c-format
 msgid "bad %s"
 msgstr "%s sai"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1407
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1580
 msgid "--fix-thin cannot be used without --stdin"
 msgstr "--fix-thin không thể được dùng mà không có --stdin"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1411
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1421
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1584 builtin/index-pack.c:1594
 #, c-format
 msgid "packfile name '%s' does not end with '.pack'"
-msgstr "tên tập tin packfile '%s' không được kết thúc bằng đuôi '.pack'"
+msgstr "tên tập tin packfile “%s” không được kết thúc bằng đuôi “.pack”"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1430
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1603
 msgid "--verify with no packfile name given"
 msgstr "dùng tùy chọn --verify mà không đưa ra tên packfile"
 
@@ -3184,22 +5713,22 @@
 #: builtin/init-db.c:67
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot stat '%s'"
-msgstr "không thể lấy trạng thái (stat) về '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể lấy trạng thái (stat) về “%s”"
 
 #: builtin/init-db.c:73
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot stat template '%s'"
-msgstr "không thể stat (lấy trạng thái về) mẫu '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể stat (lấy trạng thái về) mẫu “%s”"
 
 #: builtin/init-db.c:80
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot opendir '%s'"
-msgstr "không thể opendir '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể opendir “%s”"
 
 #: builtin/init-db.c:97
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot readlink '%s'"
-msgstr "không thể readlink '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể readlink “%s”"
 
 #: builtin/init-db.c:99
 #, c-format
@@ -3209,7 +5738,7 @@
 #: builtin/init-db.c:102
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot symlink '%s' '%s'"
-msgstr "không thể tạo liên kết tượng trưng (symlink) '%s' '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể tạo liên kết tượng trưng (symlink) “%s” “%s”"
 
 #: builtin/init-db.c:106
 #, c-format
@@ -3234,193 +5763,505 @@
 #: builtin/init-db.c:154
 #, c-format
 msgid "not copying templates of a wrong format version %d from '%s'"
-msgstr "không sao chép các mẫu của phiên bản sai định dạng %d từ '%s'"
+msgstr "không sao chép các mẫu của phiên bản sai định dạng %d từ “%s”"
 
 #: builtin/init-db.c:192
 #, c-format
 msgid "insane git directory %s"
 msgstr "thư mục git điên rồ %s"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:322
-#: builtin/init-db.c:325
+#: builtin/init-db.c:323 builtin/init-db.c:326
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s already exists"
-msgstr "%s đã tồn tại rồi"
+msgstr "%s đã có từ trước rồi"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:354
+#: builtin/init-db.c:355
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to handle file type %d"
-msgstr "không thể handle tệp tin kiểu %d"
+msgstr "không thể nắm (handle) tập tin kiểu %d"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:357
+#: builtin/init-db.c:358
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to move %s to %s"
 msgstr "không di chuyển được %s vào %s"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:362
+#: builtin/init-db.c:363
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not create git link %s"
-msgstr "Không thể tạo liên kết git '%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể tạo liên kết git “%s”"
 
 #.
 #. * TRANSLATORS: The first '%s' is either "Reinitialized
 #. * existing" or "Initialized empty", the second " shared" or
 #. * "", and the last '%s%s' is the verbatim directory name.
 #.
-#: builtin/init-db.c:419
+#: builtin/init-db.c:420
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s%s Git repository in %s%s\n"
 msgstr "%s%s kho Git trong %s%s\n"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:420
+#: builtin/init-db.c:421
 msgid "Reinitialized existing"
 msgstr "Khởi tạo lại đã sẵn có rồi"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:420
+#: builtin/init-db.c:421
 msgid "Initialized empty"
 msgstr "Khởi tạo trống rỗng"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:421
+#: builtin/init-db.c:422
 msgid " shared"
 msgstr " đã chia sẻ"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:440
+#: builtin/init-db.c:441
 msgid "cannot tell cwd"
 msgstr "không nói chuyện được với lệnh cwd"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:521
-#: builtin/init-db.c:528
+#: builtin/init-db.c:467
+msgid ""
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<template-directory>] [--shared"
+"[=<permissions>]] [directory]"
+msgstr ""
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<thư-mục-tạm>] [--shared[=<các-"
+"quyền>]] [thư-mục]"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:490
+msgid "permissions"
+msgstr "các quyền"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:491
+msgid "specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users"
+msgstr "chỉ ra cái mà kho git được chia sẻ giữa nhiều người dùng"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:493 builtin/prune-packed.c:77
+msgid "be quiet"
+msgstr "im lặng"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:522 builtin/init-db.c:529
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot mkdir %s"
 msgstr "không thể mkdir (tạo thư mục): %s"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:532
+#: builtin/init-db.c:533
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot chdir to %s"
 msgstr "không thể chdir (chuyển đổi thư mục) sang %s"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:554
+#: builtin/init-db.c:555
 #, c-format
-msgid "%s (or --work-tree=<directory>) not allowed without specifying %s (or --git-dir=<directory>)"
-msgstr "%s (hoặc --work-tree=<thư-mục>) không cho phép không chỉ định %s (hoặc --git-dir=<thư-mục>)"
+msgid ""
+"%s (or --work-tree=<directory>) not allowed without specifying %s (or --git-"
+"dir=<directory>)"
+msgstr ""
+"%s (hoặc --work-tree=<thư-mục>) không cho phép không chỉ định %s (hoặc --git-"
+"dir=<thư-mục>)"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:578
+#: builtin/init-db.c:579
 msgid "Cannot access current working directory"
 msgstr "Không thể truy cập thư mục làm việc hiện hành"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:585
+#: builtin/init-db.c:586
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot access work tree '%s'"
-msgstr "không thể truy cập cây (tree) làm việc '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể truy cập cây (tree) làm việc “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:188
+#: builtin/log.c:40
+msgid "git log [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] <path>...]\n"
+msgstr "git log [<các-tùy-chọn>] [<vùng xem xét>] [[--] <đường-dẫn>...]\n"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:41
+msgid "   or: git show [options] <object>..."
+msgstr "  hay: git show [các-tùy-chọn] <đối-tượng>..."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:103
+msgid "suppress diff output"
+msgstr "chặn mọi kết xuất từ diff"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:104
+msgid "show source"
+msgstr "hiển thị mã nguồn"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:105
+msgid "Use mail map file"
+msgstr "Sử dụng tập tin ánh xạ thư"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:106
+msgid "decorate options"
+msgstr "các tùy chọn trang trí"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:199
 #, c-format
 msgid "Final output: %d %s\n"
 msgstr "Kết xuất cuối cùng: %d %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:401
-#: builtin/log.c:489
+#: builtin/log.c:422 builtin/log.c:514
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not read object %s"
 msgstr "Không thể đọc đối tượng %s"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:513
+#: builtin/log.c:538
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown type: %d"
 msgstr "Không nhận ra kiểu: %d"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:602
+#: builtin/log.c:638
 msgid "format.headers without value"
 msgstr "format.headers không có giá trị cụ thể"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:676
+#: builtin/log.c:720
 msgid "name of output directory is too long"
 msgstr "tên của thư mục kết xuất quá dài"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:687
+#: builtin/log.c:736
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot open patch file %s"
 msgstr "Không thể mở tập tin miếng vá: %s"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:701
+#: builtin/log.c:750
 msgid "Need exactly one range."
 msgstr "Cần chính xác một vùng."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:709
+#: builtin/log.c:758
 msgid "Not a range."
 msgstr "Không phải là một vùng."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:786
+#: builtin/log.c:860
 msgid "Cover letter needs email format"
-msgstr "'Cover letter' cần cho định dạng thư"
+msgstr "”Cover letter” cần cho định dạng thư"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:859
+#: builtin/log.c:936
 #, c-format
 msgid "insane in-reply-to: %s"
 msgstr "in-reply-to điên rồ: %s"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:932
+#: builtin/log.c:964
+msgid "git format-patch [options] [<since> | <revision range>]"
+msgstr "git format-patch [các-tùy-chọn] [<kể-từ> | <vùng-xem-xét>]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1009
 msgid "Two output directories?"
 msgstr "Hai thư mục kết xuất?"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1153
-#, c-format
-msgid "bogus committer info %s"
-msgstr "thông tin người chuyển giao không có thực %s"
+#: builtin/log.c:1108
+msgid "use [PATCH n/m] even with a single patch"
+msgstr "dùng [PATCH n/m] ngay cả với miếng vá đơn"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1198
+#: builtin/log.c:1111
+msgid "use [PATCH] even with multiple patches"
+msgstr "dùng [VÁ] ngay cả với các miếng vá phức tạp"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1115
+msgid "print patches to standard out"
+msgstr "hiển thị miếng vá ra đầu ra chuẩn"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1117
+msgid "generate a cover letter"
+msgstr "tạo bì thư"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1119
+msgid "use simple number sequence for output file names"
+msgstr "sử dụng chỗi dãy số dạng đơn giản cho tên tập-tin xuất ra"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1120
+msgid "sfx"
+msgstr "sfx"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1121
+msgid "use <sfx> instead of '.patch'"
+msgstr "sử dụng <sfx> thay cho “.patch”"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1123
+msgid "start numbering patches at <n> instead of 1"
+msgstr "bắt đầu đánh số miếng vá từ <n> thay vì 1"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1125
+msgid "mark the series as Nth re-roll"
+msgstr "đánh dấu chuỗi nối tiếp dạng thứ-N re-roll"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1127
+msgid "Use [<prefix>] instead of [PATCH]"
+msgstr "Dùng [<tiền-tố>] thay cho [VÁ]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1130
+msgid "store resulting files in <dir>"
+msgstr "lưu các tập tin kết quả trong <t.mục>"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1133
+msgid "don't strip/add [PATCH]"
+msgstr "không strip/add [VÁ]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1136
+msgid "don't output binary diffs"
+msgstr "không kết xuất diff (những khác biệt) nhị phân"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1138
+msgid "don't include a patch matching a commit upstream"
+msgstr "không bao gồm miếng vá khớp với một lần chuyển giao thượng nguồn"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1140
+msgid "show patch format instead of default (patch + stat)"
+msgstr "hiển thị định dạng miếng vá thay vì mặc định (miếng vá + thống kê)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1142
+msgid "Messaging"
+msgstr "Lời nhắn"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1143
+msgid "header"
+msgstr "đầu đề thư"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1144
+msgid "add email header"
+msgstr "thêm đầu đề thư"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1145 builtin/log.c:1147
+msgid "email"
+msgstr "thư điện tử"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1145
+msgid "add To: header"
+msgstr "thêm To: đầu đề thư"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1147
+msgid "add Cc: header"
+msgstr "thêm Cc: đầu đề thư"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1149
+msgid "message-id"
+msgstr "message-id"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1150
+msgid "make first mail a reply to <message-id>"
+msgstr "dùng thư đầu tiên để trả lời <message-id>"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1151 builtin/log.c:1154
+msgid "boundary"
+msgstr "ranh giới"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1152
+msgid "attach the patch"
+msgstr "đính kèm miếng vá"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1155
+msgid "inline the patch"
+msgstr "dùng miếng vá làm nội dung"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1159
+msgid "enable message threading, styles: shallow, deep"
+msgstr "cho phép luồng lời nhắn, kiểu: “shallow”, “deep”"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1161
+msgid "signature"
+msgstr "chữ ký"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1162
+msgid "add a signature"
+msgstr "thêm chữ ký"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1164
+msgid "don't print the patch filenames"
+msgstr "không hiển thị các tên tập tin của miếng vá"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1248
 msgid "-n and -k are mutually exclusive."
 msgstr "-n và  -k loại từ lẫn nhau."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1200
+#: builtin/log.c:1250
 msgid "--subject-prefix and -k are mutually exclusive."
 msgstr "--subject-prefix và -k xung khắc nhau."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1208
+#: builtin/log.c:1258
 msgid "--name-only does not make sense"
 msgstr "--name-only không hợp lý"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1210
+#: builtin/log.c:1260
 msgid "--name-status does not make sense"
 msgstr "--name-status không hợp lý"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1212
+#: builtin/log.c:1262
 msgid "--check does not make sense"
 msgstr "--check không hợp lý"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1235
+#: builtin/log.c:1285
 msgid "standard output, or directory, which one?"
 msgstr "đầu ra chuẩn, hay thư mục, chọn cái nào?"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1237
+#: builtin/log.c:1287
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not create directory '%s'"
-msgstr "Không thể tạo thư mục '%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể tạo thư mục “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1390
+#: builtin/log.c:1435
 msgid "Failed to create output files"
 msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi tạo các tập tin kết xuất"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1494
-#, c-format
-msgid "Could not find a tracked remote branch, please specify <upstream> manually.\n"
-msgstr "Không tìm thấy nhánh mạng bị theo vết, hãy chỉ định <dòng-ngược> một cách thủ công.\n"
+#: builtin/log.c:1484
+msgid "git cherry [-v] [<upstream> [<head> [<limit>]]]"
+msgstr "git cherry [-v] [<thượng-nguồn> [<head> [<giới-hạn>]]]"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1510
-#: builtin/log.c:1512
-#: builtin/log.c:1524
+#: builtin/log.c:1539
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not find a tracked remote branch, please specify <upstream> manually.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Không tìm thấy nhánh mạng bị theo vết, hãy chỉ định <thượng-nguồn> một cách "
+"thủ công.\n"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1552 builtin/log.c:1554 builtin/log.c:1566
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown commit %s"
 msgstr "Không hiểu lần chuyển giao (commit) %s"
 
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:402
+msgid "git ls-files [options] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git ls-files [các-tùy-chọn] [<tập-tin>...]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:459
+msgid "identify the file status with tags"
+msgstr "nhận dạng các trạng thái tập tin với thẻ"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:461
+msgid "use lowercase letters for 'assume unchanged' files"
+msgstr ""
+"dùng chữ cái viết thường cho các tập tin “assume unchanged” (giả định không "
+"thay đổi)"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:463
+msgid "show cached files in the output (default)"
+msgstr "hiển thị các tập tin được nhớ tạm vào đầu ra (mặc định)"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:465
+msgid "show deleted files in the output"
+msgstr "hiển thị các tập tin đã xóa trong kết xuất"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:467
+msgid "show modified files in the output"
+msgstr "hiển thị các tập tin đã bị sửa đổi ra kết xuất"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:469
+msgid "show other files in the output"
+msgstr "hiển thị các tập tin khác trong kết xuất"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:471
+msgid "show ignored files in the output"
+msgstr "hiển thị các tập tin bị bỏ qua trong kết xuất"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:474
+msgid "show staged contents' object name in the output"
+msgstr "hiển thị tên đối tượng của nội dung được lưu trạng thái ở kết xuất"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:476
+msgid "show files on the filesystem that need to be removed"
+msgstr "hiển thị các tập tin trên hệ thống tập tin mà nó cần được gỡ bỏ"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:478
+msgid "show 'other' directories' name only"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị tên của các thư mục “khác”"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:481
+msgid "don't show empty directories"
+msgstr "không hiển thị thư mục rỗng"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:484
+msgid "show unmerged files in the output"
+msgstr "hiển thị các tập tin chưa hòa trộn trong kết xuất"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:486
+msgid "show resolve-undo information"
+msgstr "hiển thị thông tin resolve-undo"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:488
+msgid "skip files matching pattern"
+msgstr "bỏ qua những tập tin khớp với một mẫu"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:491
+msgid "exclude patterns are read from <file>"
+msgstr "mẫu loại trừ được đọc từ <tập tin>"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:494
+msgid "read additional per-directory exclude patterns in <file>"
+msgstr "đọc thêm các mẫu ngoại trừ mỗi thư mục trong <tập tin>"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:496
+msgid "add the standard git exclusions"
+msgstr "thêm loại trừ tiêu chuẩn kiểu git"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:499
+msgid "make the output relative to the project top directory"
+msgstr "làm cho kết xuất liên quan đến thư mục ở mức cao nhất (gốc) của dự án"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:502
+msgid "if any <file> is not in the index, treat this as an error"
+msgstr "nếu <tập tin> bất kỳ không ở trong bảng mục lục, xử lý nó như một lỗi"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:503
+msgid "tree-ish"
+msgstr "tree-ish"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:504
+msgid "pretend that paths removed since <tree-ish> are still present"
+msgstr ""
+"giả định rằng các đường dẫn đã bị gỡ bỏ kể từ <tree-ish> nay vẫn hiện diện"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:506
+msgid "show debugging data"
+msgstr "hiển thị dữ liệu gỡ lỗi"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:27
+msgid "git ls-tree [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git ls-tree [<các-tùy-chọn>] <tree-ish> [<đường-dẫn>...]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:125
+msgid "only show trees"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị các tree"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:127
+msgid "recurse into subtrees"
+msgstr "đệ quy vào các thư mục con"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:129
+msgid "show trees when recursing"
+msgstr "hiển thị cây khi đệ quy"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:132
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL byte"
+msgstr "chấm dứt mục tin với byte NUL"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:133
+msgid "include object size"
+msgstr "gồm cả kích thước đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:135 builtin/ls-tree.c:137
+msgid "list only filenames"
+msgstr "chỉ liệt kê tên tập tin"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:140
+msgid "use full path names"
+msgstr "dùng tên đường dẫn đầy đủ"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:142
+msgid "list entire tree; not just current directory (implies --full-name)"
+msgstr "liệt kê cây mục tin; không chỉ thư mục hiện hành (ngụ ý --full-name)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:43
+msgid "git merge [options] [<commit>...]"
+msgstr "git merge [các-tùy-chọn] [<commit>...]"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:44
+msgid "git merge [options] <msg> HEAD <commit>"
+msgstr "git merge [các-tùy-chọn] <tin-nhắn> HEAD <commit>"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:45
+msgid "git merge --abort"
+msgstr "git merge --abort"
+
 #: builtin/merge.c:90
 msgid "switch `m' requires a value"
-msgstr "switch `m' yêu cầu một giá trị"
+msgstr "switch “m” yêu cầu một giá trị"
 
 #: builtin/merge.c:127
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not find merge strategy '%s'.\n"
-msgstr "Không tìm thấy chiến lược hòa trộn '%s'.\n"
+msgstr "Không tìm thấy chiến lược hòa trộn “%s”.\n"
 
 #: builtin/merge.c:128
 #, c-format
@@ -3432,154 +6273,217 @@
 msgid "Available custom strategies are:"
 msgstr "Các chiến lược tùy chỉnh sẵn sàng là:"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:240
+#: builtin/merge.c:183
+msgid "do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr "không hiển thị thống kê khác biệt tại cuối của lần hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:186
+msgid "show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr "hiển thị thống kê khác biệt tại cuối của hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:187
+msgid "(synonym to --stat)"
+msgstr "(đồng nghĩa với --stat)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:189
+msgid "add (at most <n>) entries from shortlog to merge commit message"
+msgstr "thêm (ít nhất <n>) mục từ shortlog cho ghi chú chuyển giao hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:192
+msgid "create a single commit instead of doing a merge"
+msgstr "tạo một lần chuyển giao (commit) đưon thay vì thực hiện việc hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:194
+msgid "perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)"
+msgstr "thực hiện chuyển giao nếu hòa trộn thành công (mặc định)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:196
+msgid "edit message before committing"
+msgstr "sửa chú thích trước khi chuyển giao (commit)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:198
+msgid "allow fast-forward (default)"
+msgstr "cho phép fast-forward (mặc định)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:200
+msgid "abort if fast-forward is not possible"
+msgstr "bỏ qua nếu fast-forward không thể được"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:203
+msgid "Verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature"
+msgstr "Thẩm tra xem lần chuyển giao có tên đó có chữ ký GPG hợp lệ hay không"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:204 builtin/notes.c:866 builtin/revert.c:112
+msgid "strategy"
+msgstr "chiến lược"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:205
+msgid "merge strategy to use"
+msgstr "chiến lược hòa trộn sẽ dùng"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:206
+msgid "option=value"
+msgstr "tùy_chọn=giá_trị"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:207
+msgid "option for selected merge strategy"
+msgstr "tùy chọn cho chiến lược hòa trộn đã chọn"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:209
+msgid "merge commit message (for a non-fast-forward merge)"
+msgstr ""
+"hòa trộn ghi chú của lần chuyển giao (dành cho hòa trộn non-fast-forward)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:213
+msgid "abort the current in-progress merge"
+msgstr "bãi bỏ quá trình hòa trộn hiện tại đang thực hiện"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:242
 msgid "could not run stash."
 msgstr "không thể chạy stash."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:245
+#: builtin/merge.c:247
 msgid "stash failed"
 msgstr "stash gặp lỗi"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:250
+#: builtin/merge.c:252
 #, c-format
 msgid "not a valid object: %s"
 msgstr "không phải là một đối tượng hợp lệ: %s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:269
-#: builtin/merge.c:286
+#: builtin/merge.c:271 builtin/merge.c:288
 msgid "read-tree failed"
 msgstr "read-tree gặp lỗi"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:316
+#: builtin/merge.c:318
 msgid " (nothing to squash)"
-msgstr " (không có ghì để squash)"
+msgstr " (không có gì để squash)"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:329
+#: builtin/merge.c:331
 #, c-format
 msgid "Squash commit -- not updating HEAD\n"
 msgstr "Squash commit -- không cập nhật HEAD\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:361
+#: builtin/merge.c:363
 msgid "Writing SQUASH_MSG"
 msgstr "Đang ghi SQUASH_MSG"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:363
+#: builtin/merge.c:365
 msgid "Finishing SQUASH_MSG"
 msgstr "Hoàn thành SQUASH_MSG"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:386
+#: builtin/merge.c:388
 #, c-format
 msgid "No merge message -- not updating HEAD\n"
 msgstr "Không thông điệp hòa trộn -- không cập nhật HEAD\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:437
+#: builtin/merge.c:438
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' does not point to a commit"
-msgstr "'%s' không chỉ đến một lần chuyển giao (commit) nào cả"
+msgstr "“%s” không chỉ đến một lần chuyển giao (commit) nào cả"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:536
+#: builtin/merge.c:550
 #, c-format
 msgid "Bad branch.%s.mergeoptions string: %s"
 msgstr "Chuỗi branch.%s.mergeoptions sai: %s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:629
+#: builtin/merge.c:643
 msgid "git write-tree failed to write a tree"
 msgstr "lệnh git write-tree gặp lỗi khi ghi một cây"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:679
-msgid "failed to read the cache"
-msgstr "gặp lỗi khi đọc bộ nhớ tạm"
-
-#: builtin/merge.c:697
-msgid "Unable to write index."
-msgstr "Không thể ghi bảng mục lục"
-
-#: builtin/merge.c:710
+#: builtin/merge.c:671
 msgid "Not handling anything other than two heads merge."
 msgstr "Không cầm nắm gì ngoài hai head hòa trộn"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:724
+#: builtin/merge.c:685
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown option for merge-recursive: -X%s"
 msgstr "Không hiểu tùy chọn cho merge-recursive: -X%s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:738
+#: builtin/merge.c:699
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to write %s"
-msgstr "không ghi được %s"
+msgstr "không thể ghi %s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:877
+#: builtin/merge.c:788
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not read from '%s'"
-msgstr "Không thể đọc từ '%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể đọc từ “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:886
+#: builtin/merge.c:797
 #, c-format
 msgid "Not committing merge; use 'git commit' to complete the merge.\n"
-msgstr "Vẫn chưa hòa trộn các lần chuyển giao (commit); sử dụng lệnh 'git commit' để hoàn tất việc hòa trộn.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Vẫn chưa hòa trộn các lần chuyển giao (commit); sử dụng lệnh “git commit” để "
+"hoàn tất việc hòa trộn.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:892
+#: builtin/merge.c:803
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Please enter a commit message to explain why this merge is necessary,\n"
 "especially if it merges an updated upstream into a topic branch.\n"
 "\n"
-"Lines starting with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
 "the commit.\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Hãy nhập vào các thông tin để giải thích tại sao sự hòa trộn này là cần thiết,\n"
-"đặc biệt là khi nó hòa trộn dòng ngược đã cập nhật vào trong một nhánh topic.\n"
+"Hãy nhập vào các thông tin để giải thích tại sao sự hòa trộn này là cần "
+"thiết,\n"
+"đặc biệt là khi nó hòa trộn ngược dòng đã cập nhật vào trong một nhánh "
+"topic.\n"
 "\n"
-"Những dòng được bắt đầu bằng '#' sẽ được bỏ qua, và phần chú thích này nếu rỗng\n"
-"sẽ làm hủy bỏ lần chuyển giao (commit).\n"
+"Những dòng được bắt đầu bằng “%c” sẽ được bỏ qua, và phần chú thích này nếu "
+"rỗng\n"
+"sẽ hủy bỏ lần chuyển giao (commit).\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:916
+#: builtin/merge.c:827
 msgid "Empty commit message."
 msgstr "Chú thích của lần commit (chuyển giao) bị trống rỗng."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:928
+#: builtin/merge.c:839
 #, c-format
 msgid "Wonderful.\n"
 msgstr "Thần kỳ.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:993
+#: builtin/merge.c:904
 #, c-format
 msgid "Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.\n"
-msgstr "Việc tự động hòa trộn gặp lỗi; hãy sửa các xung đột sau đó chuyển giao (commit) kết quả.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Việc tự động hòa trộn gặp lỗi; hãy sửa các xung đột sau đó chuyển giao "
+"(commit) kết quả.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1009
+#: builtin/merge.c:920
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' is not a commit"
 msgstr "%s không phải là một lần commit (chuyển giao)"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1050
+#: builtin/merge.c:961
 msgid "No current branch."
 msgstr "không phải nhánh hiện hành"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1052
+#: builtin/merge.c:963
 msgid "No remote for the current branch."
 msgstr "Không có máy chủ cho nhánh hiện hành."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1054
+#: builtin/merge.c:965
 msgid "No default upstream defined for the current branch."
-msgstr "Không có dòng ngược mặc định được định nghĩa cho nhánh hiện hành."
+msgstr "Không có thượng nguồn mặc định được định nghĩa cho nhánh hiện hành."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1059
+#: builtin/merge.c:970
 #, c-format
 msgid "No remote tracking branch for %s from %s"
 msgstr "Không nhánh mạng theo vết cho %s từ %s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1146
-#: builtin/merge.c:1303
+#: builtin/merge.c:1057 builtin/merge.c:1214
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s - not something we can merge"
 msgstr "%s - không phải là một số thứ chúng tôi có thể hòa trộn"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1214
+#: builtin/merge.c:1125
 msgid "There is no merge to abort (MERGE_HEAD missing)."
-msgstr "Ở đây không có lần hòa trộn nào được hủy bỏ giữa chừng cả (không thấy MERGE_HEAD)."
+msgstr ""
+"Ở đây không có lần hòa trộn nào được hủy bỏ giữa chừng cả (thiếu MERGE_HEAD)."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1230
-#: git-pull.sh:31
+#: builtin/merge.c:1141 git-pull.sh:31
 msgid ""
 "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
 "Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
@@ -3587,12 +6491,11 @@
 "Bạn chưa kết thúc việc hòa trộng (MERGE_HEAD vẫn tồn tại).\n"
 "Hãy chuyển giao (commit) các thay đổi trước khi bạn có thể hòa trộn."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1233
-#: git-pull.sh:34
+#: builtin/merge.c:1144 git-pull.sh:34
 msgid "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists)."
 msgstr "Bạn chưa kết thúc việc hòa trộng (MERGE_HEAD vẫn tồn tại)."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1237
+#: builtin/merge.c:1148
 msgid ""
 "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists).\n"
 "Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
@@ -3600,88 +6503,217 @@
 "Bạn chưa kết thúc việc cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD vẫn tồn tại).\n"
 "Hãy chuyển giao (commit) các thay đổi trước khi bạn có thể hòa trộn."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1240
+#: builtin/merge.c:1151
 msgid "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists)."
 msgstr "Bạn chưa kết thúc việc cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD vẫn tồn tại)."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1249
+#: builtin/merge.c:1160
 msgid "You cannot combine --squash with --no-ff."
-msgstr "Bạn không thể tổ hợp --squash với --no-ff."
+msgstr "Bạn không thể kết hợp --squash với --no-ff."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1254
+#: builtin/merge.c:1165
 msgid "You cannot combine --no-ff with --ff-only."
-msgstr "Bạn không thể tổ hợp --no-ff với --ff-only."
+msgstr "Bạn không thể kết hợp --no-ff với --ff-only."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1261
+#: builtin/merge.c:1172
 msgid "No commit specified and merge.defaultToUpstream not set."
-msgstr "Không chỉ ra lần chuyển giao (commit) và merge.defaultToUpstream chưa được đặt."
+msgstr ""
+"Không chỉ ra lần chuyển giao (commit) và merge.defaultToUpstream chưa được "
+"đặt."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1293
+#: builtin/merge.c:1204
 msgid "Can merge only exactly one commit into empty head"
-msgstr "Không thể hòa trộn một cách đúng đắn một lần chuyển giao (commit) vào một head rỗng"
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể hòa trộn một cách đúng đắn một lần chuyển giao (commit) vào một "
+"head rỗng"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1296
+#: builtin/merge.c:1207
 msgid "Squash commit into empty head not supported yet"
 msgstr "Squash commit vào một head trống rỗng vẫn chưa được hỗ trợ"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1298
+#: builtin/merge.c:1209
 msgid "Non-fast-forward commit does not make sense into an empty head"
-msgstr "Chuyển giao (commit) không-fast-forward không hợp lý ở trong một head trống rỗng"
+msgstr ""
+"Chuyển giao (commit) không-fast-forward không hợp lý ở trong một head trống "
+"rỗng"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1413
+#: builtin/merge.c:1265
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has an untrusted GPG signature, allegedly by %s."
+msgstr ""
+"Lần chuyển giao %s có một chữ ký GPG không đáng tin, được cho là bởi %s."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1268
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a bad GPG signature allegedly by %s."
+msgstr "Lần chuyển giao %s có một chữ ký GPG sai, được cho là bởi %s."
+
+#. 'N'
+#: builtin/merge.c:1271
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have a GPG signature."
+msgstr "Lần chuyển giao (commit) %s không có chữ ký GPG."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1274
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a good GPG signature by %s\n"
+msgstr "Lần chuyển giao %s có một chữ ký GPG tốt bởi %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1358
 #, c-format
 msgid "Updating %s..%s\n"
 msgstr "Đang cập nhật %s..%s\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1451
+#: builtin/merge.c:1397
 #, c-format
 msgid "Trying really trivial in-index merge...\n"
-msgstr "Đang thử hòa trộn kiểu 'trivial in-index'...\n"
+msgstr "Đang thử hòa trộn kiểu “trivial in-index”...\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1458
+#: builtin/merge.c:1404
 #, c-format
 msgid "Nope.\n"
 msgstr "Không.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1490
+#: builtin/merge.c:1436
 msgid "Not possible to fast-forward, aborting."
 msgstr "Thực hiện lệnh fast-forward là không thể được, đang bỏ qua."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1513
-#: builtin/merge.c:1592
+#: builtin/merge.c:1459 builtin/merge.c:1538
 #, c-format
 msgid "Rewinding the tree to pristine...\n"
 msgstr "Đang tua lại cây thành thời xa xưa...\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1517
+#: builtin/merge.c:1463
 #, c-format
 msgid "Trying merge strategy %s...\n"
 msgstr "Đang thử chiến lược hòa trộn %s...\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1583
+#: builtin/merge.c:1529
 #, c-format
 msgid "No merge strategy handled the merge.\n"
 msgstr "Không có chiến lược hòa trộn nào được nắm giữ (handle) sự hòa trộn.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1585
+#: builtin/merge.c:1531
 #, c-format
 msgid "Merge with strategy %s failed.\n"
 msgstr "Hòa trộn với chiến lược %s gặp lỗi.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1594
+#: builtin/merge.c:1540
 #, c-format
 msgid "Using the %s to prepare resolving by hand.\n"
 msgstr "Sử dụng %s để chuẩn bị giải quyết bằng tay.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1606
+#: builtin/merge.c:1552
 #, c-format
 msgid "Automatic merge went well; stopped before committing as requested\n"
-msgstr "Hòa trộn tự động đã trở nên tốt; bị dừng trước khi việc chuyển giao được yêu cầu\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Hòa trộn tự động đã trở nên tốt; bị dừng trước khi việc chuyển giao được yêu "
+"cầu\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:26
+msgid "git merge-base [-a|--all] <commit> <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a|--all] <commit> <commit>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:27
+msgid "git merge-base [-a|--all] --octopus <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a|--all] --octopus <lần commit>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:28
+msgid "git merge-base --independent <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base --independent <lần commit>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:29
+msgid "git merge-base --is-ancestor <commit> <commit>"
+msgstr "git merge-base --is-ancestor <commit> <commit>"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:98
+msgid "output all common ancestors"
+msgstr "xuất ra tất cả các ông bà, tổ tiên chung"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:99
+msgid "find ancestors for a single n-way merge"
+msgstr "tìm tổ tiên của hòa trộn n-way đơn"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:100
+msgid "list revs not reachable from others"
+msgstr "liệt kê các “rev” mà nó không thể đọc được từ cái khác"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:102
+msgid "is the first one ancestor of the other?"
+msgstr "là cha mẹ đầu tiên của cái khác?"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:8
+msgid ""
+"git merge-file [options] [-L name1 [-L orig [-L name2]]] file1 orig_file "
+"file2"
+msgstr ""
+"git merge-file [các-tùy-chọn] [-L tên1 [-L gốc [-L tên2]]] tập-tin1 tập-tin-"
+"gốc tập-tin2"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:33
+msgid "send results to standard output"
+msgstr "gửi kết quả vào đầu ra tiêu chuẩn"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:34
+msgid "use a diff3 based merge"
+msgstr "dùng kiểu  hòa dựa trên diff3"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:35
+msgid "for conflicts, use our version"
+msgstr "để tránh xung đột, sử dụng phiên bản của chúng ta"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:37
+msgid "for conflicts, use their version"
+msgstr "để tránh xung đột, sử dụng phiên bản của họ"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:39
+msgid "for conflicts, use a union version"
+msgstr "để tránh xung đột, sử dụng phiên bản kết hợp"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:42
+msgid "for conflicts, use this marker size"
+msgstr "để tránh xung đột, hãy sử dụng kích thước bộ tạo này"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:43
+msgid "do not warn about conflicts"
+msgstr "không cảnh báo về các xung đột xảy ra"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:45
+msgid "set labels for file1/orig_file/file2"
+msgstr "đặt nhãn cho tập-tin-1/tập-tin-gốc/tập-tin-2"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:67
+msgid "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
+msgstr "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:153
+msgid "input is NUL terminated"
+msgstr "đầu vào được chấm dứt bởi NUL"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:154 builtin/write-tree.c:24
+msgid "allow missing objects"
+msgstr "cho phép thiếu đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:155
+msgid "allow creation of more than one tree"
+msgstr "cho phép tạo nhiều hơn một cây"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:14
+msgid "git mv [options] <source>... <destination>"
+msgstr "git mv [các-tùy-chọn] <nguồn>... <đích>"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:64
+msgid "force move/rename even if target exists"
+msgstr "ép buộc di chuyển hay đổi tên thậm chí cả khi đích đã tồn tại"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:65
+msgid "skip move/rename errors"
+msgstr "bỏ qua các lỗi liên quan đến di chuyển, đổi tên"
 
 #: builtin/mv.c:108
 #, c-format
 msgid "Checking rename of '%s' to '%s'\n"
-msgstr "Đang kiểm tra việc đổi tên của '%s' thành '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Đang kiểm tra việc đổi tên của “%s” thành “%s”\n"
 
 #: builtin/mv.c:112
 msgid "bad source"
@@ -3715,11 +6747,11 @@
 #: builtin/mv.c:181
 #, c-format
 msgid "overwriting '%s'"
-msgstr "đang ghi đè lên '%s'"
+msgstr "đang ghi đè lên “%s”"
 
 #: builtin/mv.c:184
 msgid "Cannot overwrite"
-msgstr "Không thể ghi chèn"
+msgstr "Không thể ghi đè"
 
 #: builtin/mv.c:187
 msgid "multiple sources for the same target"
@@ -3733,202 +6765,592 @@
 #: builtin/mv.c:212
 #, c-format
 msgid "Renaming %s to %s\n"
-msgstr "Đang thay đổi tên %s thành %s\n"
+msgstr "Đổi tên %s thành %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:215
-#: builtin/remote.c:731
+#: builtin/mv.c:215 builtin/remote.c:731
 #, c-format
 msgid "renaming '%s' failed"
 msgstr "đổi tên %s gặp lỗi"
 
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:175
+msgid "git name-rev [options] <commit>..."
+msgstr "git name-rev [các-tùy-chọn] <commit>..."
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:176
+msgid "git name-rev [options] --all"
+msgstr "git name-rev [các-tùy-chọn] --all"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:177
+msgid "git name-rev [options] --stdin"
+msgstr "git name-rev [các-tùy-chọn] --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:229
+msgid "print only names (no SHA-1)"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị tên (không SHA-1)"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:230
+msgid "only use tags to name the commits"
+msgstr "chỉ dùng các thẻ để đặt tên cho các lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:232
+msgid "only use refs matching <pattern>"
+msgstr "chỉ sử dụng các tham chiếu (refs) khớp với <mẫu>"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:234
+msgid "list all commits reachable from all refs"
+msgstr ""
+"liệt kê tất cả các lần chuyển giao có thể đọc được từ tất cả các tham chiếu"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:235
+msgid "read from stdin"
+msgstr "đọc từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:236
+msgid "allow to print `undefined` names"
+msgstr "cho phép hiển thị các tên “chưa định nghĩa“"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:26
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] [list [<đối-tượng>]]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:27
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] add [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file> | (-c | -C) "
+"<object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] add [-f] [-m <lời-nhắn> | -F <tập-tin> | (-c | "
+"-C) <đối-tượng>] [<đối-tượng>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:28
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] copy [-f] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] copy [-f] <từ-đối-tượng> <đến-đối-tượng>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:29
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] append [-m <msg> | -F <file> | (-c | -C) "
+"<object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] append [-m <lời-nhắn> | -F <tập-tin> | (-c | -"
+"C) <đối-tượng>] [<đối-tượng>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:30
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] edit [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] edit [<đối-tượng>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:31
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] show [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] show [<đối-tượng>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:32
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy> ] <notes_ref>"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <chiến-lược> ] <notes_ref>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:33
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:34
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:35
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] remove [<object>...]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] remove [<đối-tượng>...]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:36
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] prune [-n | -v]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] prune [-n | -v]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:37
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] get-ref"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] get-ref"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:42
+msgid "git notes [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git notes [list [<đối tượng>]]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:47
+msgid "git notes add [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes add [<các-tùy-chọn>] [<đối-tượng>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:52
+msgid "git notes copy [<options>] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr "git notes copy [<các-tùy-chọn>] <từ-đối-tượng> <đến-đối-tượng>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:53
+msgid "git notes copy --stdin [<from-object> <to-object>]..."
+msgstr "git notes copy --stdin [<từ-đối-tượng> <đến-đối-tượng>]..."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:58
+msgid "git notes append [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes append [<các-tùy-chọn>] [<đối-tượng>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:63
+msgid "git notes edit [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes edit [<đối tượng>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:68
+msgid "git notes show [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes show [<đối tượng>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:73
+msgid "git notes merge [<options>] <notes_ref>"
+msgstr "git notes merge [<các-tùy-chọn>] <notes_ref>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:74
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --commit [<các-tùy-chọn>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:75
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --abort [<các-tùy-chọn>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:80
+msgid "git notes remove [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes remove [<đối tượng>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:85
+msgid "git notes prune [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes prune [<các-tùy-chọn>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:90
+msgid "git notes get-ref"
+msgstr "git notes get-ref"
+
 #: builtin/notes.c:139
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to start 'show' for object '%s'"
-msgstr "không thể khởi chạy 'show' cho đối tượng '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể khởi chạy “show” cho đối tượng “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:145
-msgid "can't fdopen 'show' output fd"
-msgstr "không thể fdopen 'show' (lệnh hiển thị) mô tả tập tin (fd) kết xuất"
+#: builtin/notes.c:143
+msgid "could not read 'show' output"
+msgstr "không thể đọc kết xuất “show”"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:155
-#, c-format
-msgid "failed to close pipe to 'show' for object '%s'"
-msgstr "gặp lỗi khi đóng đường ống cho lệnh 'show' cho đối tượng '%s'"
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:158
+#: builtin/notes.c:151
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to finish 'show' for object '%s'"
-msgstr "gặp lỗi khi hoàn thành 'show' cho đối tượng '%s'"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi hoàn thành “show” cho đối tượng “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:175
-#: builtin/tag.c:347
+#: builtin/notes.c:169 builtin/tag.c:341
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create file '%s'"
-msgstr "không thể tạo tập tin '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể tạo tập tin “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:189
+#: builtin/notes.c:188
 msgid "Please supply the note contents using either -m or -F option"
-msgstr "Xin hãy áp dụng nội dung của ghi chú sử dụng hoặc là tùy chọn -m hoặc là -F"
+msgstr ""
+"Xin hãy áp dụng nội dung của ghi chú sử dụng hoặc là tùy chọn -m hoặc là -F"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:210
-#: builtin/notes.c:973
+#: builtin/notes.c:209 builtin/notes.c:972
 #, c-format
 msgid "Removing note for object %s\n"
 msgstr "Đang gỡ bỏ ghi chú (note) cho đối tượng %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:215
+#: builtin/notes.c:214
 msgid "unable to write note object"
 msgstr "không thể ghi đối tượng ghi chú (note)"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:217
+#: builtin/notes.c:216
 #, c-format
 msgid "The note contents has been left in %s"
 msgstr "Nội dung ghi chú còn lại %s"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:251
-#: builtin/tag.c:542
+#: builtin/notes.c:250 builtin/tag.c:540
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read '%s'"
-msgstr "không thể đọc '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể đọc “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:253
-#: builtin/tag.c:545
+#: builtin/notes.c:252 builtin/tag.c:543
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not open or read '%s'"
-msgstr "không thể mở để đọc hay ghi '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể mở hay đọc “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:272
-#: builtin/notes.c:445
-#: builtin/notes.c:447
-#: builtin/notes.c:507
-#: builtin/notes.c:561
-#: builtin/notes.c:644
-#: builtin/notes.c:649
-#: builtin/notes.c:724
-#: builtin/notes.c:766
-#: builtin/notes.c:968
-#: builtin/reset.c:293
-#: builtin/tag.c:558
+#: builtin/notes.c:271 builtin/notes.c:444 builtin/notes.c:446
+#: builtin/notes.c:506 builtin/notes.c:560 builtin/notes.c:643
+#: builtin/notes.c:648 builtin/notes.c:723 builtin/notes.c:765
+#: builtin/notes.c:967 builtin/tag.c:556
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."
-msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi giải quyết '%s' như là một tham chiếu (ref) hợp lệ."
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi phân giải “%s” như là một tham chiếu (ref) hợp lệ."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:275
+#: builtin/notes.c:274
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to read object '%s'."
-msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đọc đối tượng '%s'."
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đọc đối tượng “%s”."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:299
+#: builtin/notes.c:298
 msgid "Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"
-msgstr "Không thể chuyển giao (commit) chưa được khởi tạo hoặc không được tham chiếu cây ghi chú"
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể chuyển giao (commit) chưa được khởi tạo hoặc không được tham chiếu "
+"cây ghi chú"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:340
+#: builtin/notes.c:339
 #, c-format
 msgid "Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"
-msgstr "Giá trị notes.rewriteMode sai: '%s'"
+msgstr "Giá trị notes.rewriteMode sai: “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:350
+#: builtin/notes.c:349
 #, c-format
 msgid "Refusing to rewrite notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
 msgstr "Từ chối ghi đè ghi chú trong %s (nằm ngoài của refs/notes/)"
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
 #. environment variable, the second %s is its value
-#: builtin/notes.c:377
+#: builtin/notes.c:376
 #, c-format
 msgid "Bad %s value: '%s'"
-msgstr "Giá trị %s sai: '%s'"
+msgstr "Giá trị %s sai: “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:441
+#: builtin/notes.c:440
 #, c-format
 msgid "Malformed input line: '%s'."
-msgstr "Dòng nhập vào dị hình: '%s'."
+msgstr "Dòng nhập vào dị hình: “%s”."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:456
+#: builtin/notes.c:455
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to copy notes from '%s' to '%s'"
-msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi sao chép ghi chú (note) từ '%s' tới '%s'"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi sao chép ghi chú (note) từ “%s” tới “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:500
-#: builtin/notes.c:554
-#: builtin/notes.c:627
-#: builtin/notes.c:639
-#: builtin/notes.c:712
-#: builtin/notes.c:759
-#: builtin/notes.c:1033
+#: builtin/notes.c:499 builtin/notes.c:553 builtin/notes.c:626
+#: builtin/notes.c:638 builtin/notes.c:711 builtin/notes.c:758
+#: builtin/notes.c:1032
 msgid "too many parameters"
 msgstr "quá nhiều đối số"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:513
-#: builtin/notes.c:772
+#: builtin/notes.c:512 builtin/notes.c:771
 #, c-format
 msgid "No note found for object %s."
-msgstr "không ghi chú được tìm thấy cho đối tượng %s."
+msgstr "không tìm thấy ghi chú cho đối tượng %s."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:580
+#: builtin/notes.c:534 builtin/notes.c:691
+msgid "note contents as a string"
+msgstr "nội dung ghi chú (note) nằm trong một chuỗi"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:537 builtin/notes.c:694
+msgid "note contents in a file"
+msgstr "nội dung ghi chú (note) nằm trong một tập tin"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:539 builtin/notes.c:542 builtin/notes.c:696
+#: builtin/notes.c:699 builtin/tag.c:474
+msgid "object"
+msgstr "đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:540 builtin/notes.c:697
+msgid "reuse and edit specified note object"
+msgstr "dùng lại nhưng có sửa chữa đối tượng note đã chỉ ra"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:543 builtin/notes.c:700
+msgid "reuse specified note object"
+msgstr "dùng lại đối tượng ghi chú (note) đã chỉ ra"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:545 builtin/notes.c:613
+msgid "replace existing notes"
+msgstr "thay thế ghi chú trước"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:579
 #, c-format
-msgid "Cannot add notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite existing notes"
-msgstr "Không thể thêm các ghi chú. Đã tìm thấy các ghi chú đã sẵn có cho đối tượng %s. Sử dụng tùy chọn '-f' để ghi đè lên các ghi chú cũ"
+msgid ""
+"Cannot add notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
+"existing notes"
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể thêm các ghi chú. Đã tìm thấy các ghi chú đã có sẵn cho đối tượng "
+"%s. Sử dụng tùy chọn “-f” để ghi đè lên các ghi chú cũ"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:585
-#: builtin/notes.c:662
+#: builtin/notes.c:584 builtin/notes.c:661
 #, c-format
 msgid "Overwriting existing notes for object %s\n"
 msgstr "Đang ghi đè lên ghi chú cũ cho đối tượng %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:635
+#: builtin/notes.c:614
+msgid "read objects from stdin"
+msgstr "đọc các đối tượng từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:616
+msgid "load rewriting config for <command> (implies --stdin)"
+msgstr "tải cấu hình chép lại cho <lệnh> (ngầm định là --stdin)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:634
 msgid "too few parameters"
 msgstr "quá ít đối số"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:656
+#: builtin/notes.c:655
 #, c-format
-msgid "Cannot copy notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite existing notes"
-msgstr "Không thể sao chép các ghi chú. Đã tìm thấy các ghi chú đã sẵn có cho đối tượng %s. Sử dụng tùy chọn '-f' để ghi đè lên các ghi chú cũ"
+msgid ""
+"Cannot copy notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
+"existing notes"
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể sao chép các ghi chú. Đã tìm thấy các ghi chú đã có sẵn cho đối "
+"tượng %s. Sử dụng tùy chọn “-f” để ghi đè lên các ghi chú cũ"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:668
+#: builtin/notes.c:667
 #, c-format
 msgid "Missing notes on source object %s. Cannot copy."
 msgstr "Thiếu ghi chú trên đối tượng nguốn %s. Không thể sao chép."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:717
+#: builtin/notes.c:716
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The -m/-F/-c/-C options have been deprecated for the 'edit' subcommand.\n"
 "Please use 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C' instead.\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Các tùy chọn -m/-F/-c/-C đã cổ không còn dùng nữa cho lệnh con 'edit'.\n"
-"Xin hãy sử dụng lệnh sau để thay thế: 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C'.\n"
+"Các tùy chọn -m/-F/-c/-C đã cổ không còn dùng nữa cho lệnh con “edit”.\n"
+"Xin hãy sử dụng lệnh sau để thay thế: “git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C”.\n"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:971
+#: builtin/notes.c:863
+msgid "General options"
+msgstr "Tùy chọn chung"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:865
+msgid "Merge options"
+msgstr "Tùy chọn về hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:867
+msgid ""
+"resolve notes conflicts using the given strategy (manual/ours/theirs/union/"
+"cat_sort_uniq)"
+msgstr ""
+"phân giải các xung đột “notes” sử dụng chiến lược đã đưa ra (manual/ours/"
+"theirs/union/cat_sort_uniq)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:869
+msgid "Committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr "Chuyển giao các note chưa được hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:871
+msgid "finalize notes merge by committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr ""
+"các note cuối cùng được hòa trộn bởi các note chưa hòa trộn của lần chuyển "
+"giao"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:873
+msgid "Aborting notes merge resolution"
+msgstr "Hủy bỏ phân giải ghi chú (note) hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:875
+msgid "abort notes merge"
+msgstr "bỏ qua hòa trộn các ghi chú (note)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:970
 #, c-format
 msgid "Object %s has no note\n"
 msgstr "Đối tượng %s không có ghi chú (note)\n"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:1103
-#: builtin/remote.c:1598
+#: builtin/notes.c:982
+msgid "attempt to remove non-existent note is not an error"
+msgstr "cố gắng gỡ bỏ một note chưa từng tồn tại không phải là một lỗi"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:985
+msgid "read object names from the standard input"
+msgstr "đọc tên đối tượng từ thiết bị nhập chuẩn"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:1066
+msgid "notes_ref"
+msgstr "notes_ref"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:1067
+msgid "use notes from <notes_ref>"
+msgstr "dùng “notes” từ <notes_ref>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:1102 builtin/remote.c:1598
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown subcommand: %s"
 msgstr "Không hiểu câu lệnh con: %s"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2337
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:23
+msgid "git pack-objects --stdout [options...] [< ref-list | < object-list]"
+msgstr ""
+"git pack-objects --stdout [các-tùy-chọn...] [< danh-sách-ref | < danh-sách-"
+"đối-tượng]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:24
+msgid "git pack-objects [options...] base-name [< ref-list | < object-list]"
+msgstr ""
+"git pack-objects [các-tùy-chọn...] base-name [< danh-sách-ref | < danh-sách-"
+"đối-tượng]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:183 builtin/pack-objects.c:186
+#, c-format
+msgid "deflate error (%d)"
+msgstr "lỗi giải nén (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2397
 #, c-format
 msgid "unsupported index version %s"
 msgstr "phiên bản mục lục không được hỗ trợ %s"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2341
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2401
 #, c-format
 msgid "bad index version '%s'"
-msgstr "phiên bản mục lục sai '%s'"
+msgstr "phiên bản mục lục sai “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2364
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2424
 #, c-format
 msgid "option %s does not accept negative form"
 msgstr "tùy chọn %s không chấp nhận dạng thức âm"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2368
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2428
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to parse value '%s' for option %s"
-msgstr "không thể phân tích giá trị '%s' cho tùy chọn %s"
+msgstr "không thể phân tích giá trị “%s” cho tùy chọn %s"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2447
+msgid "do not show progress meter"
+msgstr "không hiển thị bộ đo tiến trình"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2449
+msgid "show progress meter"
+msgstr "hiển thị bộ đo tiến trình"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2451
+msgid "show progress meter during object writing phase"
+msgstr "hiển thị bộ đo tiến triển trong suốt pha ghi đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2454
+msgid "similar to --all-progress when progress meter is shown"
+msgstr "tương tự --all-progress khi bộ đo tiến trình được xuất hiện"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2455
+msgid "version[,offset]"
+msgstr "phiên bản[,offset]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2456
+msgid "write the pack index file in the specified idx format version"
+msgstr "ghi tập tin bảng mục lục gói (pack) ở phiên bản định dạng idx đã cho"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2459
+msgid "maximum size of each output pack file"
+msgstr "kcíh thước tối đa cho tập tin gói được tạo"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2461
+msgid "ignore borrowed objects from alternate object store"
+msgstr "bỏ qua các đối tượng vay mượn từ kho đối tượng thay thế"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2463
+msgid "ignore packed objects"
+msgstr "bỏ qua các đối tượng đóng gói"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2465
+msgid "limit pack window by objects"
+msgstr "giới hạn cửa sổ đóng gói theo đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2467
+msgid "limit pack window by memory in addition to object limit"
+msgstr "giới hạn cửa sổ đóng gói theo bộ nhớ cộng thêm với giới hạn đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2469
+msgid "maximum length of delta chain allowed in the resulting pack"
+msgstr "độ dài tối đa của chuỗi móc xích “delta” được phép trong gói kết quả"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2471
+msgid "reuse existing deltas"
+msgstr "dùng lại các delta sẵn có"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2473
+msgid "reuse existing objects"
+msgstr "dùng lại các đối tượng sẵn có"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2475
+msgid "use OFS_DELTA objects"
+msgstr "dùng các đối tượng OFS_DELTA"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2477
+msgid "use threads when searching for best delta matches"
+msgstr "sử dụng các tuyến trình khi tìm kiếm cho các mẫu khớp delta tốt nhất"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2479
+msgid "do not create an empty pack output"
+msgstr "không thể tạo kết xuất gói (pack) trống rỗng"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2481
+msgid "read revision arguments from standard input"
+msgstr " đọc tham số “revision” từ thiết bị nhập chuẩn"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2483
+msgid "limit the objects to those that are not yet packed"
+msgstr "giới hạn các đối tượng thành những cái mà chúng vẫn chưa được đóng gói"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2486
+msgid "include objects reachable from any reference"
+msgstr "bao gồm các đối tượng có thể đọc được từ bất kỳ tham chiếu nào"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2489
+msgid "include objects referred by reflog entries"
+msgstr "bao gồm các đối tượng được tham chiếu bởi các mục reflog"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2492
+msgid "output pack to stdout"
+msgstr "xuất gói ra đầu ra tiêu chuẩn"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2494
+msgid "include tag objects that refer to objects to be packed"
+msgstr "bao gồm các đối tượng tham chiếu đến các đối tượng được đóng gói"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2496
+msgid "keep unreachable objects"
+msgstr "giữ lại các đối tượng không thể đọc được"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2497 parse-options.h:141
+msgid "time"
+msgstr "thời-gian"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2498
+msgid "unpack unreachable objects newer than <time>"
+msgstr ""
+"xả nén (gỡ khỏi gói) các đối tượng không thể đọc được mới hơn <thời-gian>"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2501
+msgid "create thin packs"
+msgstr "tạo gói nhẹ"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2503
+msgid "ignore packs that have companion .keep file"
+msgstr "bỏ qua các gói mà nó có tập tin .keep đi kèm"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2505
+msgid "pack compression level"
+msgstr "mức nén gói"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2507
+msgid "do not hide commits by grafts"
+msgstr "không ẩn các lần chuyển giao bởi “grafts”"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:6
+msgid "git pack-refs [options]"
+msgstr "git pack-refs [các-tùy-chọn]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:14
+msgid "pack everything"
+msgstr "đóng gói mọi thứ"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:15
+msgid "prune loose refs (default)"
+msgstr "prune (cắt cụt) những tham chiếu (refs) bị mất (mặc định)"
+
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:7
+msgid "git prune-packed [-n|--dry-run] [-q|--quiet]"
+msgstr "git prune-packed [-n|--dry-run] [-q|--quiet]"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:12
+msgid "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <time>] [--] [<head>...]"
+msgstr "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <thời-gian>] [--] [<head>...]"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:132
+msgid "do not remove, show only"
+msgstr "không gỡ bỏ, chỉ hiển thị"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:133
+msgid "report pruned objects"
+msgstr "báo cáo các đối tượng đã prune"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:136
+msgid "expire objects older than <time>"
+msgstr "các đối tượng hết hạn cũ hơn khoảng <thời gian>"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:14
+msgid "git push [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git push [<các-tùy-chọn>] [<kho-chứa> [<refspec>...]]"
 
 #: builtin/push.c:45
 msgid "tag shorthand without <tag>"
@@ -3944,7 +7366,8 @@
 "To choose either option permanently, see push.default in 'git help config'."
 msgstr ""
 "\n"
-"Để chọn mỗi tùy chọn một cách cố định, xem push.default trong 'git help config'."
+"Để chọn mỗi tùy chọn một cách cố định, xem push.default trong “git help "
+"config”."
 
 #: builtin/push.c:102
 #, c-format
@@ -3960,8 +7383,8 @@
 "    git push %s %s\n"
 "%s"
 msgstr ""
-"Nhánh dòng ngược (upstream) của nhánh hiện tại của bạn không khớp\n"
-"với tên của nhánh hiện tại của bạn.  Để push đến nhánh dòng ngược\n"
+"Nhánh thượng nguồn (upstream) của nhánh hiện tại của bạn không khớp\n"
+"với tên của nhánh hiện tại của bạn.  Để push đến nhánh thượng nguồn\n"
 "trên máy chủ, sử dụng\n"
 "\n"
 "    git push %s HEAD:%s\n"
@@ -3994,15 +7417,16 @@
 "\n"
 "    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Nhánh hiện tại %s không có nhánh dòng ngược (upstream) nào.\n"
-"Để push (đẩy lên) nhánh hiện tại và đặt máy chủ như là dòng ngược (upstream), sử dụng\n"
+"Nhánh hiện tại %s không có nhánh thượng nguồn (upstream) nào.\n"
+"Để push (đẩy lên) nhánh hiện tại và đặt máy chủ như là thượng nguồn "
+"(upstream), sử dụng\n"
 "\n"
 "    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
 
 #: builtin/push.c:136
 #, c-format
 msgid "The current branch %s has multiple upstream branches, refusing to push."
-msgstr "Nhánh hiện tại %s có đa nhánh dòng ngược (upstream), từ chối push."
+msgstr "Nhánh hiện tại %s có đa nhánh thượng nguồn (upstream), từ chối push."
 
 #: builtin/push.c:139
 #, c-format
@@ -4011,15 +7435,52 @@
 "your current branch '%s', without telling me what to push\n"
 "to update which remote branch."
 msgstr ""
-"Bạn đang push (đẩy lên) máy chủ '%s', mà nó không phải là dòng ngược (upstream) của\n"
-"nhánh hiện tại '%s' của bạn, mà không báo cho tôi biết là cái gì được push\n"
+"Bạn đang push (đẩy lên) máy chủ “%s”, mà nó không phải là thượng nguồn "
+"(upstream) của\n"
+"nhánh hiện tại “%s” của bạn, mà không báo cho tôi biết là cái gì được push\n"
 "để cập nhật nhánh máy chủ nào."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:174
-msgid "You didn't specify any refspecs to push, and push.default is \"nothing\"."
-msgstr "Bạn đã không chỉ ra một refspecs nào để push, và push.default là \"không là gì cả\"."
+#: builtin/push.c:151
+msgid ""
+"push.default is unset; its implicit value is changing in\n"
+"Git 2.0 from 'matching' to 'simple'. To squelch this message\n"
+"and maintain the current behavior after the default changes, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default matching\n"
+"\n"
+"To squelch this message and adopt the new behavior now, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default simple\n"
+"\n"
+"See 'git help config' and search for 'push.default' for further "
+"information.\n"
+"(the 'simple' mode was introduced in Git 1.7.11. Use the similar mode\n"
+"'current' instead of 'simple' if you sometimes use older versions of Git)"
+msgstr ""
+"biến push.default chưa được đặt; giá trị ngầm định của nó\n"
+"đã được thay đổi trong Git 2.0 từ “matching” thành “simple”.\n"
+"Để không hiển thị nhắc nhở này và duy trì cách xử lý sau\n"
+"những thay đổi mặc định này, hãy chạy lệnh:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default matching\n"
+"\n"
+"Để không hiển thị nhắc nhở này và áp dụng cách xử lý mới, hãy chạy lệnh:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default simple\n"
+"\n"
+"Xem “git help config” và tìm đến “push.default” để có thêm thông tin.\n"
+"(chế độ “simple” được bắt đầu sử dụng từ Git 1.7.11. Sử dụng chế độ tương "
+"tự\n"
+"“current” thay vì “simple” nếu bạn thỉnh thoảng phải sử dụng bản Git cũ)"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:181
+#: builtin/push.c:199
+msgid ""
+"You didn't specify any refspecs to push, and push.default is \"nothing\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn đã không chỉ ra một refspecs nào để push, và push.default là \"không là "
+"gì cả\"."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:206
 msgid ""
 "Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind\n"
 "its remote counterpart. Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull')\n"
@@ -4027,23 +7488,28 @@
 "See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
 msgstr ""
 "Việc cập nhật bị từ chối bởi vì đầu mút của nhánh được push nằm đằng sau bộ\n"
-"phận tương ứng của máy chủ. Hòa trộn với các thay đổi từ máy chủ (v.d. 'git pull')\n"
+"phận tương ứng của máy chủ. Hòa trộn với các thay đổi từ máy chủ (v.d. “git "
+"pull”)\n"
 "trước khi lại push lần nữa.\n"
-"Xem trong phần 'Note about fast-forwards' trong nội dung từ lệnh 'git push --help'."
+"Xem trong phần “Note about fast-forwards” từ lệnh “git push --help” để có "
+"thông tin chi tiết."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:187
+#: builtin/push.c:212
 msgid ""
 "Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
 "counterpart. If you did not intend to push that branch, you may want to\n"
-"specify branches to push or set the 'push.default' configuration\n"
-"variable to 'current' or 'upstream' to push only the current branch."
+"specify branches to push or set the 'push.default' configuration variable\n"
+"to 'simple', 'current' or 'upstream' to push only the current branch."
 msgstr ""
 "Việc cập nhật bị từ chối bởi vì đầu mút của nhánh được push nằm đằng sau bộ\n"
-"phận tương ứng của máy chủ. Nếu bạn không có ý định push nhánh đó, bạn có lẽ muốn\n"
-"chỉ định các nhánh để push hoặt là đặt nội dung cho biến cấu hình 'push.default'\n"
-"thành 'current' hoặc 'upstream' để push chỉ nhánh hiện hành mà thôi."
+"phận tương ứng của máy chủ. Nếu bạn không có ý định push nhánh đó, bạn có lẽ "
+"muốn\n"
+"chỉ định các nhánh để push hoặt là đặt nội dung cho biến cấu hình “push."
+"default”\n"
+"thành “simple”, “current” hoặc “upstream” để chỉ push nhánh hiện hành mà "
+"thôi."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:193
+#: builtin/push.c:218
 msgid ""
 "Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
 "counterpart. Check out this branch and merge the remote changes\n"
@@ -4051,29 +7517,64 @@
 "See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
 msgstr ""
 "Việc cập nhật bị từ chối bởi vì đầu mút của nhánh được push nằm đằng sau bộ\n"
-"phận tương ứng của máy chủ. Checkou nhánh này và hòa trộn với các thay đổi từ máy chủ\n"
-"(v.d. 'git pull') trước khi lại push lần nữa.\n"
-"Xem trong phần 'Note about fast-forwards' trong nội dung từ lệnh 'git push --help'."
+"phận tương ứng của máy chủ. Checkou nhánh này và hòa trộn với các thay đổi "
+"từ máy chủ\n"
+"(v.d. “git pull”) trước khi lại push lần nữa.\n"
+"Xem trong phần “Note about fast-forwards” từ lệnh “git push --help” để có "
+"thông tin chi tiết."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:233
+#: builtin/push.c:224
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do\n"
+"not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing\n"
+"to the same ref. You may want to first merge the remote changes (e.g.,\n"
+"'git pull') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"Việc cập nhật bị từ chối bởi vì máy chủ có chứa công việc mà bạn không\n"
+"có ở máy nội bộ của mình. Lỗi này thường có nguyên nhân bởi kho khác đẩy dữ "
+"liệu lên\n"
+"cùng một tham chiếu. Bạn có lẽ muốn hòa trộn với các thay đổi từ máy chủ\n"
+"(v.d. “git pull”) trước khi lại push lần nữa.\n"
+"Xem trong phần “Note about fast-forwards” từ lệnh “git push --help” để có "
+"thông tin chi tiết."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:231
+msgid "Updates were rejected because the tag already exists in the remote."
+msgstr "Việc cập nhật bị từ chối bởi vì thẻ đã sẵn có từ trước trên máy chủ."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:234
+msgid ""
+"You cannot update a remote ref that points at a non-commit object,\n"
+"or update a remote ref to make it point at a non-commit object,\n"
+"without using the '--force' option.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể cập nhật một tham chiếu trên máy chủ mà nó chỉ đến đối tượng "
+"không\n"
+"phải chuyển giao, hoặc cập nhật một tham chiếu máy chủ để nó chỉ đến đối "
+"tượng\n"
+"không phải chuyển giao, mà không sử dụng tùy chọn “--force”.\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:294
 #, c-format
 msgid "Pushing to %s\n"
 msgstr "Đang push (đẩy) lên %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:237
+#: builtin/push.c:298
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to push some refs to '%s'"
-msgstr "gặp lỗi khi push (đẩy lên) một số tham chiếu (ref) đến '%s'"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi push (đẩy lên) một số tham chiếu (ref) đến “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:269
+#: builtin/push.c:331
 #, c-format
 msgid "bad repository '%s'"
-msgstr "repository (kho) sai '%s'"
+msgstr "repository (kho) sai “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:270
+#: builtin/push.c:332
 msgid ""
 "No configured push destination.\n"
-"Either specify the URL from the command-line or configure a remote repository using\n"
+"Either specify the URL from the command-line or configure a remote "
+"repository using\n"
 "\n"
 "    git remote add <name> <url>\n"
 "\n"
@@ -4090,34 +7591,245 @@
 "\n"
 "    git push <tên>\n"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:285
+#: builtin/push.c:347
 msgid "--all and --tags are incompatible"
 msgstr "--all và --tags xung khắc nhau"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:286
+#: builtin/push.c:348
 msgid "--all can't be combined with refspecs"
 msgstr "--all không thể được tổ hợp cùng với refspecs"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:291
+#: builtin/push.c:353
 msgid "--mirror and --tags are incompatible"
 msgstr "--mirror và --tags xung khắc nhau"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:292
+#: builtin/push.c:354
 msgid "--mirror can't be combined with refspecs"
 msgstr "--mirror không thể được tổ hợp cùng với refspecs"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:297
+#: builtin/push.c:359
 msgid "--all and --mirror are incompatible"
 msgstr "--all và --mirror xung khắc nhau"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:385
+#: builtin/push.c:419
+msgid "repository"
+msgstr "kho"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:420
+msgid "push all refs"
+msgstr "push tất cả refs"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:421
+msgid "mirror all refs"
+msgstr "mirror tất cả refs"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:423
+msgid "delete refs"
+msgstr "xóa refs"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:424
+msgid "push tags (can't be used with --all or --mirror)"
+msgstr ""
+"các thẻ push (không thể sử dụng cùng với các tùy chọn --all hay --mirror)"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:427
+msgid "force updates"
+msgstr "ép buộc cập nhật"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:428
+msgid "check"
+msgstr "kiểm tra"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:429
+msgid "control recursive pushing of submodules"
+msgstr "điều khiển việc đẩy lên (push) đệ qui của mô-đun-con"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:431
+msgid "use thin pack"
+msgstr "tạo gói nhẹ"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:432 builtin/push.c:433
+msgid "receive pack program"
+msgstr "nhận về chương trình pack"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:434
+msgid "set upstream for git pull/status"
+msgstr "đặt thượng nguồn (upstream) cho git pull/status"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:437
+msgid "prune locally removed refs"
+msgstr "prune (cắt cụt) những tham chiếu (refs) bị gỡ bỏ"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:439
+msgid "bypass pre-push hook"
+msgstr "vòng qua “pre-push hook”"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:440
+msgid "push missing but relevant tags"
+msgstr "push bị trượt nhưng các thẻ thích hợp"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:450
 msgid "--delete is incompatible with --all, --mirror and --tags"
 msgstr "--delete là xung khắc với các tùy chọn --all, --mirror và --tags"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:387
+#: builtin/push.c:452
 msgid "--delete doesn't make sense without any refs"
 msgstr "--delete không hợp lý nếu không có bất kỳ tham chiếu (refs) nào"
 
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:36
+msgid ""
+"git read-tree [[-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<prefix>] "
+"[-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--"
+"index-output=<file>] (--empty | <tree-ish1> [<tree-ish2> [<tree-ish3>]])"
+msgstr ""
+"git read-tree [[-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<tiền-"
+"tố>] [-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] "
+"[--index-output=<tập-tin>] (--empty | <tree-ish1> [<tree-ish2> [<tree-"
+"ish3>]])"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:108
+msgid "write resulting index to <file>"
+msgstr "ghi mục lục kết quả vào <tập-tin>"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:111
+msgid "only empty the index"
+msgstr "chỉ với bảng mục lục trống rỗng"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:113
+msgid "Merging"
+msgstr "Hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:115
+msgid "perform a merge in addition to a read"
+msgstr "thực hiện một hòa trộn thêm vào việc đọc"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:117
+msgid "3-way merge if no file level merging required"
+msgstr ""
+"hòa trộn kiểu “3-way” nếu không có tập tin mức hòa trộn nào được yêu cầu "
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:119
+msgid "3-way merge in presence of adds and removes"
+msgstr "hòa trộn 3-way trong sự hiện diện của “adds” và “removes”"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:121
+msgid "same as -m, but discard unmerged entries"
+msgstr "giống với -m, nhưng bỏ qua các mục chưa được hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:122
+msgid "<subdirectory>/"
+msgstr "<thư-mục-con>/"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:123
+msgid "read the tree into the index under <subdirectory>/"
+msgstr "đọc cây vào trong bảng mục lục dưới <thư_mục_con>/"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:126
+msgid "update working tree with merge result"
+msgstr "cập nhật cây làm việc với kết quả hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:128
+msgid "gitignore"
+msgstr "gitignore"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:129
+msgid "allow explicitly ignored files to be overwritten"
+msgstr "cho phép các tập tin rõ ràng bị lờ đi được ghi đè"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:132
+msgid "don't check the working tree after merging"
+msgstr "không kiểm tra cây làm việc sau hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:133
+msgid "don't update the index or the work tree"
+msgstr "không cập nhật bảng mục lục hay cây làm việc"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:135
+msgid "skip applying sparse checkout filter"
+msgstr "bỏ qua áp dụng bộ lọc lấy ra (checkout) thưa thớt"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:137
+msgid "debug unpack-trees"
+msgstr "gỡ lỗi unpack-trees"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:11
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:12
+msgid ""
+"git remote add [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags|--no-tags] [--"
+"mirror=<fetch|push>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr ""
+"git remote add [-t <nhánh>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags|--no-tags] [--"
+"mirror=<fetch|push>] <tên> <url>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:13 builtin/remote.c:32
+msgid "git remote rename <old> <new>"
+msgstr "git remote rename <tên-cũ> <tên-mới>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:14 builtin/remote.c:37
+msgid "git remote remove <name>"
+msgstr "git remote remove <tên>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:15 builtin/remote.c:42
+msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | -d | <branch>)"
+msgstr "git remote set-head <tên> (-a | -d | <nhánh>)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:16
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <tên>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:17
+msgid "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <tên>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:18
+msgid ""
+"git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<group> | <remote>)...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<nhóm> | <máy-chủ>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:19
+msgid "git remote set-branches [--add] <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches [--add] <tên> <nhánh>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:20 builtin/remote.c:68
+msgid "git remote set-url [--push] <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>]"
+msgstr "git remote set-url [--push] <tên> <url-mới> [<url-cũ>]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:21 builtin/remote.c:69
+msgid "git remote set-url --add <name> <newurl>"
+msgstr "git remote set-url --add <tên> <url-mới>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:22 builtin/remote.c:70
+msgid "git remote set-url --delete <name> <url>"
+msgstr "git remote set-url --delete <tên> <url>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:27
+msgid "git remote add [<options>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr "git remote add [<các-tùy-chọn>] <tên> <url>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:47
+msgid "git remote set-branches <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches <tên> <nhánh>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:48
+msgid "git remote set-branches --add <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches --add <tên> <nhánh>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:53
+msgid "git remote show [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote show [<các-tùy-chọn>] <tên>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:58
+msgid "git remote prune [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote prune [<các-tùy-chọn>] <tên>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:63
+msgid "git remote update [<options>] [<group> | <remote>]..."
+msgstr "git remote update [<các-tùy-chọn>] [<nhóm> | <máy-chủ>]..."
+
 #: builtin/remote.c:98
 #, c-format
 msgid "Updating %s"
@@ -4136,30 +7848,57 @@
 msgid "unknown mirror argument: %s"
 msgstr "không hiểu tham số máy bản sao (mirror): %s"
 
+#: builtin/remote.c:163
+msgid "fetch the remote branches"
+msgstr "lấy về (fetch) các nhánh từ máy chủ"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:165
+msgid "import all tags and associated objects when fetching"
+msgstr ""
+"nhập vào tất cả các đối tượng thẻ và thành phần liên quan khi lấy về (fetch)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:168
+msgid "or do not fetch any tag at all (--no-tags)"
+msgstr "hoặc không lấy về (fetch) bất kỳ thẻ nào (--no-tags)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:170
+msgid "branch(es) to track"
+msgstr "các nhánh theo vết"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:171
+msgid "master branch"
+msgstr "nhánh master"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:172
+msgid "push|fetch"
+msgstr "push|fetch"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:173
+msgid "set up remote as a mirror to push to or fetch from"
+msgstr "đặt máy chủ (remote) như là một máy bản sao để push hay fetch từ đó"
+
 #: builtin/remote.c:185
 msgid "specifying a master branch makes no sense with --mirror"
-msgstr "đang chỉ định một nhánh master không phân biệt HOA/thường với tùy chọn --mirror"
+msgstr "đang chỉ định một nhánh master không hợp lý với tùy chọn --mirror"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:187
 msgid "specifying branches to track makes sense only with fetch mirrors"
-msgstr "chỉ định những nhánh để theo vết chỉ hợp lý với các 'fetch mirror'"
+msgstr "chỉ định những nhánh để theo vết chỉ hợp lý với các “fetch mirror”"
 
-#: builtin/remote.c:195
-#: builtin/remote.c:646
+#: builtin/remote.c:195 builtin/remote.c:646
 #, c-format
 msgid "remote %s already exists."
 msgstr "máy chủ %s đã tồn tại rồi."
 
-#: builtin/remote.c:199
-#: builtin/remote.c:650
+#: builtin/remote.c:199 builtin/remote.c:650
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' is not a valid remote name"
-msgstr "'%s' không phải tên máy chủ hợp lệ"
+msgstr "“%s” không phải tên máy chủ hợp lệ"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:243
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not setup master '%s'"
-msgstr "Không thể cài đặt nhánh master '%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể cài đặt nhánh master “%s”"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:299
 #, c-format
@@ -4171,25 +7910,20 @@
 msgid "Could not get fetch map for refspec %s"
 msgstr "Không thể lấy ánh xạ (map) fetch cho refspec %s"
 
-#: builtin/remote.c:440
-#: builtin/remote.c:448
+#: builtin/remote.c:440 builtin/remote.c:448
 msgid "(matching)"
-msgstr "(mẫu)"
+msgstr "(khớp)"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:452
 msgid "(delete)"
-msgstr "(xoá)"
+msgstr "(xóa)"
 
-#: builtin/remote.c:595
-#: builtin/remote.c:601
-#: builtin/remote.c:607
+#: builtin/remote.c:595 builtin/remote.c:601 builtin/remote.c:607
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not append '%s' to '%s'"
-msgstr "Không thể nối thêm '%s' vào '%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể nối thêm “%s” vào “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/remote.c:639
-#: builtin/remote.c:792
-#: builtin/remote.c:890
+#: builtin/remote.c:639 builtin/remote.c:792 builtin/remote.c:890
 #, c-format
 msgid "No such remote: %s"
 msgstr "Không có máy chủ nào như thế: %s"
@@ -4197,13 +7931,12 @@
 #: builtin/remote.c:656
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not rename config section '%s' to '%s'"
-msgstr "Không thể đổi tên chương (section) cấu hình từ '%s' thành '%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể đổi tên chương (section) cấu hình từ “%s” thành “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/remote.c:662
-#: builtin/remote.c:799
+#: builtin/remote.c:662 builtin/remote.c:799
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not remove config section '%s'"
-msgstr "Không thể gỡ bỏ chương (section) cấu hình '%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể gỡ bỏ chương (section) cấu hình “%s”"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:677
 #, c-format
@@ -4212,19 +7945,19 @@
 "\t%s\n"
 "\tPlease update the configuration manually if necessary."
 msgstr ""
-"Không cập nhật 'non-default fetch respec'\n"
+"Không cập nhật “non-default fetch respec”\n"
 "\t%s\n"
 "\tXin hãy cập nhật phần cấu hình một cách thủ công nếu thấy cần thiết."
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:683
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not append '%s'"
-msgstr "Không thể nối thêm '%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể nối thêm “%s”"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:694
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not set '%s'"
-msgstr "Không thể đặt '%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể đặt “%s”"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:716
 #, c-format
@@ -4239,7 +7972,7 @@
 #: builtin/remote.c:764
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not remove branch %s"
-msgstr "Không thể gỡ nhánh %s"
+msgstr "Không thể gỡ bỏ nhánh %s"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:834
 msgid ""
@@ -4252,7 +7985,8 @@
 "Chú ý: Một nhánh nằm ngoài hệ thống refs/remotes/ đã không được gỡ bỏ đi;\n"
 "để xóa đi, sử dụng:"
 msgstr[1] ""
-"Chú ý: Một số nhánh nằm ngoài hệ thống refs/remotes/ đã không được gỡ bỏ đi;\n"
+"Chú ý: Một số nhánh nằm ngoài hệ thống refs/remotes/ đã không được gỡ bỏ "
+"đi;\n"
 "để xóa đi, sử dụng:"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:943
@@ -4262,11 +7996,11 @@
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:946
 msgid " tracked"
-msgstr " bị theo vết"
+msgstr " được theo vết"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:948
 msgid " stale (use 'git remote prune' to remove)"
-msgstr " cũ (sử dụng 'git remote prune' để gỡ bỏ)"
+msgstr " cũ (dùng “git remote prune” để gỡ bỏ)"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:950
 msgid " ???"
@@ -4294,7 +8028,7 @@
 #: builtin/remote.c:1004
 #, c-format
 msgid "merges with remote %s"
-msgstr "hòa trộn với máy chủ  %s"
+msgstr "hòa trộn với máy chủ %s"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1005
 msgid "   and with remote"
@@ -4340,6 +8074,10 @@
 msgid "    %-*s pushes to %s"
 msgstr "    %-*s push tới %s"
 
+#: builtin/remote.c:1091
+msgid "do not query remotes"
+msgstr "không truy vấn các máy chủ"
+
 #: builtin/remote.c:1118
 #, c-format
 msgid "* remote %s"
@@ -4350,28 +8088,25 @@
 msgid "  Fetch URL: %s"
 msgstr "  URL để lấy về (fetch): %s"
 
-#: builtin/remote.c:1120
-#: builtin/remote.c:1285
+#: builtin/remote.c:1120 builtin/remote.c:1285
 msgid "(no URL)"
-msgstr "(không có URL nào)"
+msgstr "(không có URL)"
 
-#: builtin/remote.c:1129
-#: builtin/remote.c:1131
+#: builtin/remote.c:1129 builtin/remote.c:1131
 #, c-format
 msgid "  Push  URL: %s"
-msgstr "  URL để đẩy lên (push)  : %s"
+msgstr "  URL để đẩy lên (push): %s"
 
-#: builtin/remote.c:1133
-#: builtin/remote.c:1135
-#: builtin/remote.c:1137
+#: builtin/remote.c:1133 builtin/remote.c:1135 builtin/remote.c:1137
 #, c-format
 msgid "  HEAD branch: %s"
 msgstr "  Nhánh HEAD: %s"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1139
 #, c-format
-msgid "  HEAD branch (remote HEAD is ambiguous, may be one of the following):\n"
-msgstr "  nhánh HEAD (HEAD máy chủ là không rõ ràng, có lẽ là một trong số sau):\n"
+msgid ""
+"  HEAD branch (remote HEAD is ambiguous, may be one of the following):\n"
+msgstr "  nhánh HEAD (HEAD máy chủ chưa rõ ràng, có lẽ là một trong số sau):\n"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1151
 #, c-format
@@ -4380,27 +8115,34 @@
 msgstr[0] "  Nhánh trên máy chủ:%s"
 msgstr[1] "  Những nhánh trên máy chủ:%s"
 
-#: builtin/remote.c:1154
-#: builtin/remote.c:1181
+#: builtin/remote.c:1154 builtin/remote.c:1181
 msgid " (status not queried)"
 msgstr " (trạng thái không được yêu cầu)"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1163
 msgid "  Local branch configured for 'git pull':"
 msgid_plural "  Local branches configured for 'git pull':"
-msgstr[0] "  Nhánh nội bộ đã được cấu hình cho lệnh 'git pull':"
-msgstr[1] "  Những nhánh nội bộ đã được cấu hình cho lệnh 'git pull':"
+msgstr[0] "  Nhánh nội bộ đã được cấu hình cho lệnh “git pull”:"
+msgstr[1] "  Những nhánh nội bộ đã được cấu hình cho lệnh “git pull”:"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1171
 msgid "  Local refs will be mirrored by 'git push'"
-msgstr "  refs nội bộ sẽ được phản chiếu bởi lệnh 'git push'"
+msgstr "  refs nội bộ sẽ được phản chiếu bởi lệnh “git push”"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1178
 #, c-format
 msgid "  Local ref configured for 'git push'%s:"
 msgid_plural "  Local refs configured for 'git push'%s:"
-msgstr[0] "  Tham chiếu nội bộ được cấu hình cho lệnh 'git push'%s:"
-msgstr[1] "  Những tham chiếu nội bộ được cấu hình cho lệnh 'git push'%s:"
+msgstr[0] "  Tham chiếu nội bộ được cấu hình cho lệnh “git push”%s:"
+msgstr[1] "  Những tham chiếu nội bộ được cấu hình cho lệnh “git push”%s:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1199
+msgid "set refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD according to remote"
+msgstr "đặt refs/remotes/<tên>/HEAD cho phù hợp với máy chủ"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1201
+msgid "delete refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD"
+msgstr "xóa refs/remotes/<tên>/HEAD"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1216
 msgid "Cannot determine remote HEAD"
@@ -4428,12 +8170,12 @@
 #: builtin/remote.c:1274
 #, c-format
 msgid " %s will become dangling!"
-msgstr " %s sẽ trở thành lủng lẳng (không được quản lý)!"
+msgstr " %s sẽ trở thành không đầu (không được quản lý)!"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1275
 #, c-format
 msgid " %s has become dangling!"
-msgstr " %s phải trở thành lủng lẳng (không được quản lý)!"
+msgstr " %s đã trở thành không đầu (không được quản lý)!"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1281
 #, c-format
@@ -4453,18 +8195,37 @@
 #: builtin/remote.c:1298
 #, c-format
 msgid " * [pruned] %s"
-msgstr " *[đã xén bớ] %s"
+msgstr " *[đã bị xén] %s"
 
-#: builtin/remote.c:1387
-#: builtin/remote.c:1461
+#: builtin/remote.c:1321
+msgid "prune remotes after fetching"
+msgstr "cắt máy chủ sau khi lấy về"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1387 builtin/remote.c:1461
 #, c-format
 msgid "No such remote '%s'"
-msgstr "Không có máy chủ nào có tên '%s'"
+msgstr "Không có máy chủ nào có tên “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1407
+msgid "add branch"
+msgstr "thêm nhánh"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1414
 msgid "no remote specified"
 msgstr "chưa chỉ ra máy chủ nào"
 
+#: builtin/remote.c:1436
+msgid "manipulate push URLs"
+msgstr "đẩy các “URL” bằng tay"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1438
+msgid "add URL"
+msgstr "thêm URL"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1440
+msgid "delete URLs"
+msgstr "xóa URLs"
+
 #: builtin/remote.c:1447
 msgid "--add --delete doesn't make sense"
 msgstr "--add --delete không hợp lý"
@@ -4483,6 +8244,56 @@
 msgid "Will not delete all non-push URLs"
 msgstr "Sẽ không xóa những địa chỉ URL không-push"
 
+#: builtin/remote.c:1569
+msgid "be verbose; must be placed before a subcommand"
+msgstr "chi tiết; phải được đặt trước một lệnh-con"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:17
+msgid "git replace [-f] <object> <replacement>"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] <đối-tượng> <thay-thế>"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:18
+msgid "git replace -d <object>..."
+msgstr "git replace -d <đối tượng>..."
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:19
+msgid "git replace -l [<pattern>]"
+msgstr "git replace -l [<mẫu>]"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:121
+msgid "list replace refs"
+msgstr "liệt kê các refs thay thế"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:122
+msgid "delete replace refs"
+msgstr "xóa tham chiếu (refs) thay thế"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:123
+msgid "replace the ref if it exists"
+msgstr "thay thế tham chiếu (ref) nếu nó đã sẵn có"
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:11
+msgid "git rerere [clear | forget path... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
+msgstr "git rerere [clear | forget path... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:56
+msgid "register clean resolutions in index"
+msgstr "sổ ghi dọn sạch các phân giải trong bản mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:25
+msgid ""
+"git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:26
+msgid "git reset [-q] <tree-ish> [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr "git reset [-q] <tree-ish> [--] <đường-dẫn>..."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:27
+msgid "git reset --patch [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]"
+msgstr "git reset --patch [<tree-ish>] [--] [<các-đường-dẫn>...]"
+
 #: builtin/reset.c:33
 msgid "mixed"
 msgstr "pha trộn"
@@ -4503,133 +8314,496 @@
 msgid "keep"
 msgstr "giữ lại"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:77
+#: builtin/reset.c:73
 msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD."
 msgstr "Bạn không có HEAD nào hợp lệ."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:79
+#: builtin/reset.c:75
 msgid "Failed to find tree of HEAD."
 msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi tìm cây của HEAD."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:85
+#: builtin/reset.c:81
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to find tree of %s."
 msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi tìm cây của %s."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:96
-msgid "Could not write new index file."
-msgstr "Không thể ghi tập tin lưu bảng mục lục mới."
-
-#: builtin/reset.c:106
+#: builtin/reset.c:98
 #, c-format
 msgid "HEAD is now at %s"
 msgstr "HEAD hiện giờ tại %s"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:130
-msgid "Could not read index"
-msgstr "Không thể đọc bảng mục lục"
-
-#: builtin/reset.c:133
-msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
-msgstr "Những thay đổi bị bỏ trạng thái (stage) sau khi reset:"
-
-#: builtin/reset.c:223
+#: builtin/reset.c:169
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot do a %s reset in the middle of a merge."
 msgstr "Không thể thực hiện một %s reset ở giữa của quá trình hòa trộn."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:297
+#: builtin/reset.c:248
+msgid "be quiet, only report errors"
+msgstr "làm việc ở chế độ im lặng, chỉ hiển thị khi có lỗi"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:250
+msgid "reset HEAD and index"
+msgstr "đặt lại (reset) HEAD và bảng mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:251
+msgid "reset only HEAD"
+msgstr "chỉ đặt lại (reset) HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:253 builtin/reset.c:255
+msgid "reset HEAD, index and working tree"
+msgstr "đặt lại HEAD, bảng mục lục và cây làm việc"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:257
+msgid "reset HEAD but keep local changes"
+msgstr "đặt lại HEAD nhưng giữ lại các thay đổi nội bộ"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:275
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid revision."
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi phân giải “%s” như là điểm xét duyệt hợp lệ."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:278 builtin/reset.c:286
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse object '%s'."
-msgstr "không thể phân tích đối tượng '%s'."
+msgstr "không thể phân tích đối tượng “%s”."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:302
+#: builtin/reset.c:283
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid tree."
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi phân giải “%s” như là một cây (tree) hợp lệ."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:292
 msgid "--patch is incompatible with --{hard,mixed,soft}"
 msgstr "--patch xung khắc với --{hard,mixed,soft}"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:311
+#: builtin/reset.c:301
 msgid "--mixed with paths is deprecated; use 'git reset -- <paths>' instead."
-msgstr "--mixed với các đường dẫn không còn dùng nữa; hãy thay thế bằng lệnh 'git reset -- <đường_dẫn>'."
+msgstr ""
+"--mixed với các đường dẫn không còn dùng nữa; hãy thay thế bằng lệnh “git "
+"reset -- <đường_dẫn>”."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:313
+#: builtin/reset.c:303
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot do %s reset with paths."
 msgstr "Không thể thực hiện lệnh %s reset với các đường dẫn."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:325
+#: builtin/reset.c:313
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s reset is not allowed in a bare repository"
 msgstr "%s reset không được phép trên kho bare (trên máy chủ)"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:341
+#: builtin/reset.c:333
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not reset index file to revision '%s'."
-msgstr "Không thể đặt lại (reset) bảng mục lục thành điểm xét lại '%s'."
+msgstr "Không thể đặt lại (reset) bảng mục lục thành điểm xét lại “%s”."
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:70
-#: builtin/revert.c:92
+#: builtin/reset.c:339
+msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
+msgstr "Những thay đổi bị bỏ trạng thái (stage) sau khi reset:"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:344
+msgid "Could not write new index file."
+msgstr "Không thể ghi tập tin lưu bảng mục lục mới."
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:339
+msgid "git rev-parse --parseopt [options] -- [<args>...]"
+msgstr "git rev-parse --parseopt [các-tùy-chọn] -- [<th.số>...]"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:344
+msgid "keep the `--` passed as an arg"
+msgstr "giữ “--“ chuyển qua làm tham số"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:346
+msgid "stop parsing after the first non-option argument"
+msgstr "dừng phân tích sau đối số đầu tiên không có tùy chọn"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:464
+msgid ""
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [options] -- [<args>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<arg>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse [options] [<arg>...]\n"
+"\n"
+"Run \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" for more information on the first usage."
+msgstr ""
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [các-tùy-chọn] -- [<đ.số>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<đ.số>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse [các-tùy-chọn] [<đ.số>...]\n"
+"\n"
+"Chạy lệnh \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" để có thêm thông tin về cách dùng."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:22
+msgid "git revert [options] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git revert [các-tùy-chọn] <commit-ish>..."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:23
+msgid "git revert <subcommand>"
+msgstr "git revert <lệnh-con>"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:28
+msgid "git cherry-pick [options] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git cherry-pick [các-tùy-chọn] <commit-ish>..."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:29
+msgid "git cherry-pick <subcommand>"
+msgstr "git cherry-pick <lệnh-con>"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:70 builtin/revert.c:92
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: %s cannot be used with %s"
 msgstr "%s: %s không thể được sử dụng với %s"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:131
+#: builtin/revert.c:103
+msgid "end revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "kết thúc cherry-pick hay revert liên tiếp nhau"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:104
+msgid "resume revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "phục hồi lại cherry-pick hay revert liên tiếp nhau"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:105
+msgid "cancel revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "không cherry-pick hay revert liên tiếp nhau"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:106
+msgid "don't automatically commit"
+msgstr "không commit một cách tự động."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:107
+msgid "edit the commit message"
+msgstr "sửa lại chú thích cho commit"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:110
+msgid "parent number"
+msgstr "số của cha mẹ"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:112
+msgid "merge strategy"
+msgstr "chiến lược hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:113
+msgid "option"
+msgstr "tùy chọn"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:114
+msgid "option for merge strategy"
+msgstr "tùy chọn cho chiến lược hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:125
+msgid "append commit name"
+msgstr "nối thêm tên lần chuyển giao (commit)"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:126
+msgid "allow fast-forward"
+msgstr "cho phép fast-forward"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:127
+msgid "preserve initially empty commits"
+msgstr "cấm khởi tạo lần chuyển giao trống rỗng"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:128
+msgid "allow commits with empty messages"
+msgstr "chấp nhận chuyển giao (commit) mà không ghi chú gì"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:129
+msgid "keep redundant, empty commits"
+msgstr "giữ lại các lần chuyển giao dư thừa, rỗng"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:133
 msgid "program error"
 msgstr "lỗi chương trình"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:221
+#: builtin/revert.c:223
 msgid "revert failed"
 msgstr "revert gặp lỗi"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:236
+#: builtin/revert.c:238
 msgid "cherry-pick failed"
 msgstr "cherry-pick gặp lỗi"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:109
+#: builtin/rm.c:15
+msgid "git rm [options] [--] <file>..."
+msgstr "git rm [các-tùy-chọn] [--] <tập-tin>..."
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:64 builtin/rm.c:186
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"submodule '%s' (or one of its nested submodules) uses a .git directory\n"
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+"mô-đun-con “%s” (hoặc cái nằm trong các mô-đun-con) dùng thư mục .git\n"
+"(dùng “rm -rf” nếu bạn thực sự muốn gỡ bỏ nó cùng với tất cả lịch sử của "
+"chúng)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:174
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s' has staged content different from both the file and the HEAD\n"
 "(use -f to force removal)"
 msgstr ""
-"'%s' có nội dung được lưu trạng thái khác biệt từ cả tập tin và cả HEAD\n"
-"(sử dụng -f để ép buộc gỡ bỏ)"
+"“%s” có nội dung được lưu trạng thái khác biệt từ cả tập tin và cả HEAD\n"
+"(dùng tùy chọn -f để ép buộc gỡ bỏ)"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:115
+#: builtin/rm.c:180
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s' has changes staged in the index\n"
 "(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
 msgstr ""
-"'%s' có các thay đổi được lưu trạng thái trong bảng mục lục\n"
-"(sử dụng --cached để giữ tập tin, hoặc -f để ép buộc gỡ bỏ)"
+"“%s” có các thay đổi được lưu trạng thái trong bảng mục lục\n"
+"(dùng tùy chọn --cached để giữ tập tin, hoặc -f để ép buộc gỡ bỏ)"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:119
+#: builtin/rm.c:191
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s' has local modifications\n"
 "(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
 msgstr ""
-"'%s' có các thay đổi nội bộ\n"
-"(sử dụng --cached để giữ tập tin, hoặc -f để ép buộc gỡ bỏ)"
+"“%s” có các thay đổi nội bộ\n"
+"(dùng tùy chọn --cached để giữ tập tin, hoặc -f để ép buộc gỡ bỏ)"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:194
+#: builtin/rm.c:207
+msgid "do not list removed files"
+msgstr "không liệt kê các tập tin đã gỡ bỏ"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:208
+msgid "only remove from the index"
+msgstr "chỉ gỡ bỏ từ mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:209
+msgid "override the up-to-date check"
+msgstr "ghi đè lên kiểm tra cập nhật"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:210
+msgid "allow recursive removal"
+msgstr "cho phép gỡ bỏ đệ qui"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:212
+msgid "exit with a zero status even if nothing matched"
+msgstr "thoát ra với trạng thái khác không thậm chí nếu không có gì khớp"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:283
 #, c-format
 msgid "not removing '%s' recursively without -r"
-msgstr "không thể gỡ bỏ '%s' một cách đệ qui mà không có tùy chọn -r"
+msgstr "không thể gỡ bỏ “%s” một cách đệ qui mà không có tùy chọn -r"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:230
+#: builtin/rm.c:322
 #, c-format
 msgid "git rm: unable to remove %s"
 msgstr "git rm: không thể gỡ bỏ %s"
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:157
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:13
+msgid "git shortlog [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] [<path>...]]"
+msgstr "git shortlog [các-tùy-chọn] [<vùng-xem-xét>] [[--] [<đường-dẫn>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:131
 #, c-format
 msgid "Missing author: %s"
 msgstr "Thiếu tên tác giả: %s"
 
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:227
+msgid "sort output according to the number of commits per author"
+msgstr "sắp xếp kết xuất tuân theo số lượng chuyển giao trên mỗi tác giả"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:229
+msgid "Suppress commit descriptions, only provides commit count"
+msgstr "Chặn mọi mô tả lần chuyển giao, chỉ đưa ra số lượng lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:231
+msgid "Show the email address of each author"
+msgstr "Hiển thị thư điện tử cho từng tác giả"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:232
+msgid "w[,i1[,i2]]"
+msgstr "w[,i1[,i2]]"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:233
+msgid "Linewrap output"
+msgstr "Ngắt dòng khi quá dài"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:9
+msgid ""
+"git show-branch [-a|--all] [-r|--remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order] [--"
+"current] [--color[=<when>] | --no-color] [--sparse] [--more=<n> | --list | --"
+"independent | --merge-base] [--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<rev> | "
+"<glob>)...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git show-branch [-a|--all] [-r|--remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order] [--"
+"current] [--color[=<khi>] | --no-color] [--sparse] [--more=<n> | --list | --"
+"independent | --merge-base] [--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<rev> | "
+"<glob>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:10
+msgid "git show-branch (-g|--reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<ref>]"
+msgstr "git show-branch (-g|--reflog)[=<n>[,<nền>]] [--list] [<ref>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:650
+msgid "show remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr "hiển thị các nhánh remote-tracking và nội bộ"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:652
+msgid "show remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "hiển thị các nhánh remote-tracking"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:654
+msgid "color '*!+-' corresponding to the branch"
+msgstr "màu “*!+-” tương ứng với nhánh"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:656
+msgid "show <n> more commits after the common ancestor"
+msgstr "hiển thị thêm <n> lần chuyển giao sau cha mẹ chung"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:658
+msgid "synonym to more=-1"
+msgstr "đồng nghĩa với more=-1"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:659
+msgid "suppress naming strings"
+msgstr "chặn các chuỗi đặt tên"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:661
+msgid "include the current branch"
+msgstr "bao gồm nhánh hiện hành"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:663
+msgid "name commits with their object names"
+msgstr "đặt tên các lần chuyển giao bằng các tên của đối tượng của chúng"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:665
+msgid "show possible merge bases"
+msgstr "hiển thị mọi cơ sở có thể dùng để hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:667
+msgid "show refs unreachable from any other ref"
+msgstr "hiển thị các tham chiếu không thể được đọc bởi bất kỳ tham chiếu khác"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:669
+msgid "show commits in topological order"
+msgstr "hiển thị các lần chuyển giao theo thứ tự tôpô"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:671
+msgid "show only commits not on the first branch"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị các lần chuyển giao không nằm trên nhánh đầu tiên"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:673
+msgid "show merges reachable from only one tip"
+msgstr "hiển thị các lần hòa trộn có thể đọc được chỉ từ một đầu mút"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:675
+msgid "show commits where no parent comes before its children"
+msgstr "hiển thị các lần chuyển giao nơi mà cha mẹ đến trước con của nó"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:677
+msgid "<n>[,<base>]"
+msgstr "<n>[,<cơ sở>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:678
+msgid "show <n> most recent ref-log entries starting at base"
+msgstr "hiển thị <n> các mục “ref-log” gần nhất kể từ nền (base)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:10
+msgid ""
+"git show-ref [-q|--quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d|--dereference] [-s|--hash"
+"[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [pattern*] "
+msgstr ""
+"git show-ref [-q|--quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d|--dereference] [-s|--hash"
+"[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [mẫu*] "
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:11
+msgid "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=pattern] < ref-list"
+msgstr "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=mẫu] < ref-list"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:165
+msgid "only show tags (can be combined with heads)"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị thẻ (có thể tổ hợp cùng với đầu)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:166
+msgid "only show heads (can be combined with tags)"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị đầu (có thể tổ hợp cùng với thẻ)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:167
+msgid "stricter reference checking, requires exact ref path"
+msgstr ""
+"việc kiểm tra tham chiếu chính xác, đòi hỏi chính xác đường dẫn tham chiếu "
+"(ref)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:170 builtin/show-ref.c:172
+msgid "show the HEAD reference"
+msgstr "hiển thị tham chiếu của HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:174
+msgid "dereference tags into object IDs"
+msgstr "bãi bỏ tham chiếu các thẻ thành ra các ID đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:176
+msgid "only show SHA1 hash using <n> digits"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị mã băm SHA1 sử dụng <n> chữ số"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:180
+msgid "do not print results to stdout (useful with --verify)"
+msgstr ""
+"không hiển thị kết quả ra đầu ra chuẩn (stdout) (chỉ hữu dụng với --verify)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:182
+msgid "show refs from stdin that aren't in local repository"
+msgstr ""
+"hiển thị các tham chiếu (refs) từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn (stdin) cái mà không ở "
+"kho nội bộ"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:7
+msgid "git symbolic-ref [options] name [ref]"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref  [các-tùy-chọn] tên [t.chiếu]"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:8
+msgid "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] name"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] tên"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:40
+msgid "suppress error message for non-symbolic (detached) refs"
+msgstr ""
+"chặn các thông tin lỗi cho các tham chiếu (refs) “non-symbolic” (bị tách ra)"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:41
+msgid "delete symbolic ref"
+msgstr "xóa tham chiếu (ref) tượng trưng"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:42
+msgid "shorten ref output"
+msgstr "làm ngắn kết xuất ref (tham chiếu)"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:18
+msgid "reason"
+msgstr "lý do"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:18
+msgid "reason of the update"
+msgstr "lý do cập nhật"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:22
+msgid ""
+"git tag [-a|-s|-u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <msg>|-F <file>] <tagname> [<head>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git tag [-a|-s|-u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <msg>|-F <tập-tin>] <tên-thẻ> [<head>]"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:23
+msgid "git tag -d <tagname>..."
+msgstr "git tag -d <tên-thẻ>..."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:24
+msgid ""
+"git tag -l [-n[<num>]] [--contains <commit>] [--points-at <object>] \n"
+"\t\t[<pattern>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git tag -l [-n[<num>]] [--contains <commit>] [--points-at <đối-tượng>] \n"
+"\t\t[<mẫu>...]"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:26
+msgid "git tag -v <tagname>..."
+msgstr "git tag -v <tên-thẻ>..."
+
 #: builtin/tag.c:60
 #, c-format
 msgid "malformed object at '%s'"
-msgstr "đối tượng dị hình tại '%s'"
+msgstr "đối tượng dị hình tại “%s”"
 
 #: builtin/tag.c:207
 #, c-format
@@ -4639,163 +8813,381 @@
 #: builtin/tag.c:212
 #, c-format
 msgid "tag '%s' not found."
-msgstr "không tìm thấy tìm thấy thẻ '%s'."
+msgstr "không tìm thấy tìm thấy thẻ “%s”."
 
 #: builtin/tag.c:227
 #, c-format
 msgid "Deleted tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
-msgstr "Thẻ đã bị xóa '%s' (trước là %s)\n"
+msgstr "Thẻ đã bị xóa “%s” (trước là %s)\n"
 
 #: builtin/tag.c:239
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not verify the tag '%s'"
-msgstr "không thể thẩm tra thẻ '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể thẩm tra thẻ “%s”"
 
 #: builtin/tag.c:249
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# Write a tag message\n"
-"# Lines starting with '#' will be ignored.\n"
-"#\n"
+"Write a tag message\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# Viết các ghi chú cho (thẻ) tag\n"
-"# Những dòng được bắt đầu bằng '#' sẽ được bỏ qua.\n"
-"#\n"
+"Viết các ghi chú cho (thẻ) tag\n"
+"Những dòng được bắt đầu bằng “%c” sẽ được bỏ qua.\n"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:256
+#: builtin/tag.c:253
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# Write a tag message\n"
-"# Lines starting with '#' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
-"#\n"
+"Write a tag message\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you "
+"want to.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# Viết các ghi chú cho (thẻ) tag\n"
-"# Những dòng được bắt đầu bằng '#' sẽ được bỏ qua; bạn có thể xóa chúng đi nếu muốn.\n"
-"#\n"
+"Viết các ghi chú cho (thẻ) tag\n"
+"Những dòng được bắt đầu bằng “%c” sẽ được bỏ qua; bạn có thể xóa chúng đi "
+"nếu muốn.\n"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:298
+#: builtin/tag.c:292
 msgid "unable to sign the tag"
 msgstr "không thể ký thẻ"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:300
+#: builtin/tag.c:294
 msgid "unable to write tag file"
 msgstr "không thể ghi vào tập tin lưu thẻ"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:325
+#: builtin/tag.c:319
 msgid "bad object type."
 msgstr "kiểu đối tượng sai."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:338
+#: builtin/tag.c:332
 msgid "tag header too big."
 msgstr "đầu thẻ (tag) quá lớn."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:370
+#: builtin/tag.c:368
 msgid "no tag message?"
 msgstr "không có thông điệp (message) cho thẻ (tag)?"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:376
+#: builtin/tag.c:374
 #, c-format
 msgid "The tag message has been left in %s\n"
 msgstr "Nội dung ghi chú còn lại %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:425
+#: builtin/tag.c:423
 msgid "switch 'points-at' requires an object"
-msgstr "chuyển đến 'points-at' yêu cần một đối tượng"
+msgstr "chuyển đến “points-at” yêu cần một đối tượng"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:427
+#: builtin/tag.c:425
 #, c-format
 msgid "malformed object name '%s'"
-msgstr "tên đối tượng dị hình '%s'"
+msgstr "tên đối tượng dị hình “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:506
+#: builtin/tag.c:445
+msgid "list tag names"
+msgstr "chỉ liệt kê tên các thẻ"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:447
+msgid "print <n> lines of each tag message"
+msgstr "hiển thị <n> dòng cho mỗi ghi chú"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:449
+msgid "delete tags"
+msgstr "xóa thẻ"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:450
+msgid "verify tags"
+msgstr "thẩm tra thẻ"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:452
+msgid "Tag creation options"
+msgstr "Tùy chọn tạo tag"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:454
+msgid "annotated tag, needs a message"
+msgstr "để chú giải cho thẻ, cần một lời ghi chú"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:456
+msgid "tag message"
+msgstr "tin nhắn cho thẻ (tag)"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:458
+msgid "annotated and GPG-signed tag"
+msgstr "thẻ chú giải và ký kiểu GPG"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:462
+msgid "use another key to sign the tag"
+msgstr "dùng kháo khác để ký thẻ"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:463
+msgid "replace the tag if exists"
+msgstr "thay thế nếu tag đó đã có trước"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:464
+msgid "show tag list in columns"
+msgstr "hiển thị danh sách thẻ trong các cột"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:466
+msgid "Tag listing options"
+msgstr "Các tùy chọn liệt kê thẻ"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:469
+msgid "print only tags that contain the commit"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị những nhánh mà nó chứa lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:475
+msgid "print only tags of the object"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị các thẻ của đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:504
 msgid "--column and -n are incompatible"
 msgstr "--column và -n xung khắc nhau"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:523
+#: builtin/tag.c:521
 msgid "-n option is only allowed with -l."
 msgstr "tùy chọn -n chỉ cho phép dùng với -l."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:525
+#: builtin/tag.c:523
 msgid "--contains option is only allowed with -l."
 msgstr "tùy chọn --contains chỉ cho phép dùng với -l."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:527
+#: builtin/tag.c:525
 msgid "--points-at option is only allowed with -l."
 msgstr "tùy chọn --points-at chỉ cho phép dùng với -l."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:535
+#: builtin/tag.c:533
 msgid "only one -F or -m option is allowed."
 msgstr "chỉ có một tùy chọn -F hoặc -m là được phép."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:555
+#: builtin/tag.c:553
 msgid "too many params"
 msgstr "quá nhiều đối số"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:561
+#: builtin/tag.c:559
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' is not a valid tag name."
-msgstr "'%s' không phải thẻ hợp lệ."
+msgstr "“%s” không phải thẻ hợp lệ."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:566
+#: builtin/tag.c:564
 #, c-format
 msgid "tag '%s' already exists"
-msgstr "Thẻ '%s' đã tồn tại rồi"
+msgstr "Thẻ “%s” đã tồn tại rồi"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:584
+#: builtin/tag.c:582
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: cannot lock the ref"
 msgstr "%s: không thể khóa ref (tham chiếu)"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:586
+#: builtin/tag.c:584
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: cannot update the ref"
 msgstr "%s: không thể cập nhật ref (tham chiếu)"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:588
+#: builtin/tag.c:586
 #, c-format
 msgid "Updated tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
-msgstr "Thẻ đã cập nhật '%s' (cũ là %s)\n"
+msgstr "Đã cập nhật thẻ “%s” (trước là %s)\n"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:401
+msgid "git update-index [options] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git update-index [các-tùy-chọn] [<tập-tin>...]"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:718
+msgid "continue refresh even when index needs update"
+msgstr "tiếp tục làm mới ngay cả khi bảng mục lục cần được cập nhật"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:721
+msgid "refresh: ignore submodules"
+msgstr "refresh: lờ đi mô-đun-con"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:724
+msgid "do not ignore new files"
+msgstr "không bỏ qua các tập tin mới tạo"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:726
+msgid "let files replace directories and vice-versa"
+msgstr "để các tập tin thay thế các thư mục và “vice-versa”"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:728
+msgid "notice files missing from worktree"
+msgstr "thông báo các tập-tin thiếu trong thư-mục làm việc"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:730
+msgid "refresh even if index contains unmerged entries"
+msgstr ""
+"làm tươi mới thậm chí khi bảng mục lục chứa các mục tin chưa được hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:733
+msgid "refresh stat information"
+msgstr "lấy lại thông tin thống kê"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:737
+msgid "like --refresh, but ignore assume-unchanged setting"
+msgstr "giống --refresh, nhưng bỏ qua các cài đặt “assume-unchanged”"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:741
+msgid "<mode> <object> <path>"
+msgstr "<mode> <đối tượng> <đường dẫn>"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:742
+msgid "add the specified entry to the index"
+msgstr "thêm các tập tin đã chỉ ra vào bảng mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:746
+msgid "(+/-)x"
+msgstr "(+/-)x"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:747
+msgid "override the executable bit of the listed files"
+msgstr "ghi đè lên bít thi hành của các tập tin được liệt kê"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:751
+msgid "mark files as \"not changing\""
+msgstr "Đánh dấu các tập tin là \"không thay đổi\""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:754
+msgid "clear assumed-unchanged bit"
+msgstr "xóa bít  assumed-unchanged"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:757
+msgid "mark files as \"index-only\""
+msgstr "đánh dấu các tập tin là “chỉ-đọc”"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:760
+msgid "clear skip-worktree bit"
+msgstr "xóa bít skip-worktree"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:763
+msgid "add to index only; do not add content to object database"
+msgstr ""
+"chỉ thêm vào bảng mục lục; không thêm nội dung vào cơ sở dữ liệu đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:765
+msgid "remove named paths even if present in worktree"
+msgstr ""
+"gỡ bỏ các đường dẫn được đặt tên thậm chí cả khi nó hiện diện trong thư mục "
+"làm việc"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:767
+msgid "with --stdin: input lines are terminated by null bytes"
+msgstr "với tùy chọn --stdin: các dòng đầu vào được chấm dứt bởi ký tự null"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:769
+msgid "read list of paths to be updated from standard input"
+msgstr "đọc danh sách đường dẫn cần cập nhật từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:773
+msgid "add entries from standard input to the index"
+msgstr "không thể đọc các mục từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn vào bảng mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:777
+msgid "repopulate stages #2 and #3 for the listed paths"
+msgstr "phục hồi các trạng thái #2 và #3 cho các đường dẫn được liệt kê"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:781
+msgid "only update entries that differ from HEAD"
+msgstr "chỉ cập nhật các mục tin mà nó khác biệt so với HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:785
+msgid "ignore files missing from worktree"
+msgstr "bỏ qua các tập-tin thiếu trong thư-mục làm việc"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:788
+msgid "report actions to standard output"
+msgstr "báo cáo các thao tác ra thiết bị xuất chuẩn"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:790
+msgid "(for porcelains) forget saved unresolved conflicts"
+msgstr "(cho “porcelains”) quên các xung đột chưa được giải quyết đã ghi"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:794
+msgid "write index in this format"
+msgstr "ghi mục lục ở định dạng này"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:7
+msgid "git update-ref [options] -d <refname> [<oldval>]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [các-tùy-chọn] -d <refname> [<biến-cũ>]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:8
+msgid "git update-ref [options]    <refname> <newval> [<oldval>]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [các-tùy-chọn]    <refname> <biến-mới> [<biến-cũ>]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:19
+msgid "delete the reference"
+msgstr "xóa tham chiếu"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:21
+msgid "update <refname> not the one it points to"
+msgstr "cập nhật <tên-tham-chiếu> không phải cái nó chỉ tới"
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:6
+msgid "git update-server-info [--force]"
+msgstr "git update-server-info [--force]"
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:14
+msgid "update the info files from scratch"
+msgstr "cập nhật các tập tin thông tin từ điểm xuất phát"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:56
+msgid "git verify-pack [-v|--verbose] [-s|--stat-only] <pack>..."
+msgstr "git verify-pack [-v|--verbose] [-s|--stat-only] <gói>..."
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:66
+msgid "verbose"
+msgstr "chi tiết"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:68
+msgid "show statistics only"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị thống kê"
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:17
+msgid "git verify-tag [-v|--verbose] <tag>..."
+msgstr "git verify-tag [-v|--verbose] <thẻ>..."
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:73
+msgid "print tag contents"
+msgstr "hiển thị nội dung của thẻ"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:13
+msgid "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<prefix>/]"
+msgstr "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<tiền-tố>/]"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:26
+msgid "<prefix>/"
+msgstr "<iền tố>/"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:27
+msgid "write tree object for a subdirectory <prefix>"
+msgstr "ghi đối tượng cây (tree) cho <tiền tố> thư mục con"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:30
+msgid "only useful for debugging"
+msgstr "chỉ hữu ích khi cần gỡ lỗi"
 
 #: git.c:16
-msgid "See 'git help <command>' for more information on a specific command."
-msgstr "Chạy lệnh 'git help <tên-lệnh>' để có thêm thông tin về lệnh được chỉ ra."
-
-#: parse-options.h:133
-#: parse-options.h:235
-msgid "n"
-msgstr "n"
-
-#: parse-options.h:141
-msgid "time"
-msgstr "thời-gian"
-
-#: parse-options.h:149
-msgid "file"
-msgstr "tập-tin"
-
-#: parse-options.h:151
-msgid "when"
-msgstr "khi"
+msgid ""
+"'git help -a' and 'git help -g' lists available subcommands and some\n"
+"concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>'\n"
+"to read about a specific subcommand or concept."
+msgstr ""
+"“git help -a” và “git help -g” liệt kê các câu lệnh con sẵn có và một số\n"
+"hướng dẫn khái niệm cơ bản. Xem “git help <lệnh>” hay “git help <khái "
+"niệm>”\n"
+"để đọc các đặc tả cho lệnh hay khái niệm đó."
 
 #: parse-options.h:156
 msgid "no-op (backward compatibility)"
 msgstr "no-op (tương thích ngược)"
 
-#: parse-options.h:228
+#: parse-options.h:232
 msgid "be more verbose"
 msgstr "chi tiết hơn nữa"
 
-#: parse-options.h:230
+#: parse-options.h:234
 msgid "be more quiet"
 msgstr "im lặng hơn nữa"
 
-#: parse-options.h:236
+#: parse-options.h:240
 msgid "use <n> digits to display SHA-1s"
 msgstr "sử dụng <n> chữ số để hiển thị SHA-1s"
 
@@ -4813,7 +9205,7 @@
 
 #: common-cmds.h:11
 msgid "Checkout a branch or paths to the working tree"
-msgstr "Checkout một nhánh hay các đường dẫn tời cây làm việc"
+msgstr "Lấy ra (checkout) một nhánh hay các đường dẫn tới cây làm việc"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:12
 msgid "Clone a repository into a new directory"
@@ -4825,7 +9217,9 @@
 
 #: common-cmds.h:14
 msgid "Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc"
-msgstr "Hiển thị các thay đổi giữa những lần chuyển giao (commit), commit và cây làm việc, v.v.."
+msgstr ""
+"Hiển thị các thay đổi giữa những lần chuyển giao (commit), commit và cây làm "
+"việc, v.v.."
 
 #: common-cmds.h:15
 msgid "Download objects and refs from another repository"
@@ -4836,16 +9230,19 @@
 msgstr "In ra những dòng khớp với một mẫu"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:17
-msgid "Create an empty git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
-msgstr "Tạo một kho git trống rỗng hay khởi tạo lại một kho đã tồn tại từ trước"
+msgid "Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
+msgstr ""
+"Tạo một kho git trống rỗng hay khởi tạo lại một kho đã tồn tại từ trước"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:18
 msgid "Show commit logs"
-msgstr "hiển thị nhật ký các lần commit (chuyển giao)"
+msgstr "Hiển thị nhật ký các lần chuyển giao (commit)"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:19
 msgid "Join two or more development histories together"
-msgstr "Hợp nhất hai hay nhiều hơn lịch sử của các nhà phát triển phần mềm lại với nhau"
+msgstr ""
+"Hợp nhất hai hay nhiều hơn lịch sử của các nhà phát triển phần mềm lại với "
+"nhau"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:20
 msgid "Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink"
@@ -4853,15 +9250,17 @@
 
 #: common-cmds.h:21
 msgid "Fetch from and merge with another repository or a local branch"
-msgstr "Fetch (lấy về) và hòa trộng với kho khác hay nhánh nội bộ"
+msgstr "Lấy về (fetch) và hòa trộn với kho khác hay nhánh nội bộ"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:22
 msgid "Update remote refs along with associated objects"
-msgstr "Cập nhật tham chiếu (refs) máy chủ cùng với các đối tượng liên quan đến nó"
+msgstr ""
+"Cập nhật tham chiếu (refs) máy chủ cùng với các đối tượng liên quan đến nó"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:23
 msgid "Forward-port local commits to the updated upstream head"
-msgstr "Forward-port những lần chuyển giao nội bộ tới head dòng ngược đã cập nhật"
+msgstr ""
+"Forward-port những lần chuyển giao nội bộ tới head thượng nguồn đã cập nhật"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:24
 msgid "Reset current HEAD to the specified state"
@@ -4881,7 +9280,9 @@
 
 #: common-cmds.h:28
 msgid "Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG"
-msgstr "Tạo, liệt kê, xóa hay xác thực một đối tượng thẻ (tag) mà nó được ký sử dụng GPG"
+msgstr ""
+"Tạo, liệt kê, xóa hay xác thực một đối tượng thẻ (tag) mà nó được ký sử dụng "
+"GPG"
 
 #: git-am.sh:50
 msgid "You need to set your committer info first"
@@ -4892,27 +9293,34 @@
 "You seem to have moved HEAD since the last 'am' failure.\n"
 "Not rewinding to ORIG_HEAD"
 msgstr ""
-"Bạn có lẽ đã có HEAD đã bị di chuyển đi kể từ lần 'am' thất bại cuối cùng.\n"
+"Bạn có lẽ đã có HEAD đã bị di chuyển đi kể từ lần “am” thất bại cuối cùng.\n"
 "Không thể chuyển tới ORIG_HEAD"
 
 #: git-am.sh:105
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
-"When you have resolved this problem run \"$cmdline --resolved\".\n"
-"If you would prefer to skip this patch, instead run \"$cmdline --skip\".\n"
-"To restore the original branch and stop patching run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
+"When you have resolved this problem, run \"$cmdline --resolved\".\n"
+"If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"$cmdline --skip\" instead.\n"
+"To restore the original branch and stop patching, run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
 msgstr ""
 "Khi bạn cần giải quyết vấn đề này hãy chạy lệnh \"$cmdline --resolved\".\n"
-"Nếu bạn có ý định bỏ qua miếng vá, thay vào đó bạn chạy \"$cmdline --skip\".\n"
-"Để phục hồi lại thành nhánh nguyên bản và dừng việc vá lại thì chạy \"$cmdline --abort\"."
+"Nếu bạn có ý định bỏ qua miếng vá, thay vào đó bạn chạy \"$cmdline --skip"
+"\".\n"
+"Để phục hồi lại thành nhánh nguyên thủy và dừng việc vá lại thì chạy "
+"\"$cmdline --abort\"."
 
 #: git-am.sh:121
 msgid "Cannot fall back to three-way merge."
-msgstr "Đang trở lại để hòa trộn kiểu 'three-way'."
+msgstr "Đang trở lại để hòa trộn kiểu “three-way”."
 
 #: git-am.sh:137
 msgid "Repository lacks necessary blobs to fall back on 3-way merge."
-msgstr "Kho thiếu đối tượng blob cần thiết để trở về trên '3-way merge'."
+msgstr "Kho thiếu đối tượng blob cần thiết để trở về trên “3-way merge”."
+
+#: git-am.sh:139
+msgid "Using index info to reconstruct a base tree..."
+msgstr ""
+"Sử dụng thông tin trong bảng mục lục để cấu trúc lại một cây (tree) cơ sở..."
 
 #: git-am.sh:154
 msgid ""
@@ -4924,44 +9332,52 @@
 
 #: git-am.sh:163
 msgid "Falling back to patching base and 3-way merge..."
-msgstr "Đang trở lại để vá cơ sở và '3-way merge'..."
+msgstr "Đang trở lại để vá cơ sở và “3-way merge”..."
 
-#: git-am.sh:275
+#: git-am.sh:179
+msgid "Failed to merge in the changes."
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi trộn vào các thay đổi."
+
+#: git-am.sh:274
 msgid "Only one StGIT patch series can be applied at once"
 msgstr "Chỉ có một sê-ri miếng vá StGIT được áp dụng một lúc"
 
-#: git-am.sh:362
+#: git-am.sh:361
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Patch format $patch_format is not supported."
 msgstr "Định dạng miếng vá $patch_format không được hỗ trợ."
 
-#: git-am.sh:364
+#: git-am.sh:363
 msgid "Patch format detection failed."
 msgstr "Dò tìm định dạng miếng vá gặp lỗi."
 
-#: git-am.sh:418
-msgid "-d option is no longer supported.  Do not use."
-msgstr "Tùy chọn -d không còn được hỗ trợ nữa. Xin đừng sử dụng."
+#: git-am.sh:389
+msgid ""
+"The -b/--binary option has been a no-op for long time, and\n"
+"it will be removed. Please do not use it anymore."
+msgstr ""
+"Tùy chọn -b/--binary đã không dùng từ lâu rồi, và\n"
+"nó sẽ được bỏ đi. Xin đừng sử dụng nó thêm nữa."
 
-#: git-am.sh:481
+#: git-am.sh:477
 #, sh-format
 msgid "previous rebase directory $dotest still exists but mbox given."
 msgstr "thư mục rebase trước $dotest vẫn chưa sẵn sàng nhưng mbox được đưa ra."
 
-#: git-am.sh:486
+#: git-am.sh:482
 msgid "Please make up your mind. --skip or --abort?"
 msgstr "Xin hãy rõ ràng. --skip hay --abort?"
 
-#: git-am.sh:513
+#: git-am.sh:509
 msgid "Resolve operation not in progress, we are not resuming."
-msgstr "Thao tác phân giải không đang được tiến hành, chúng ta không phục hồi lại."
+msgstr "Thao tác phân giải không được tiến hành, chúng ta không phục hồi lại."
 
-#: git-am.sh:579
+#: git-am.sh:575
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Dirty index: cannot apply patches (dirty: $files)"
 msgstr "Bảng mục lục sai: không thể áp dụng các miếng vá (sai: $files)"
 
-#: git-am.sh:671
+#: git-am.sh:679
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "Patch is empty.  Was it split wrong?\n"
@@ -4969,61 +9385,76 @@
 "To restore the original branch and stop patching run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
 msgstr ""
 "Miếng vá trống rỗng.  Nó đã bị chia cắt sai phải không?\n"
-"Nếu bạn thích bỏ qua miếng vá này, hãy chạy lệnh sau để thay thế \"$cmdline --skip\".\n"
-"Để phục hồi lại nhánh nguyên bản và dừng vá lại hãy chạy lệnh \"$cmdline --abort\"."
+"Nếu bạn thích bỏ qua miếng vá này, hãy chạy lệnh sau để thay thế \"$cmdline "
+"--skip\".\n"
+"Để phục hồi lại nhánh nguyên thủy và dừng vá lại hãy chạy lệnh \"$cmdline --"
+"abort\"."
 
-#: git-am.sh:708
+#: git-am.sh:706
 msgid "Patch does not have a valid e-mail address."
 msgstr "Miếng vá không có địa chỉ e-mail hợp lệ."
 
-#: git-am.sh:755
+#: git-am.sh:753
 msgid "cannot be interactive without stdin connected to a terminal."
-msgstr "không thể được tương tác mà không có stdin kết nối với một thiết bị cuối"
+msgstr ""
+"không thể được tương tác mà không có stdin kết nối với một thiết bị cuối"
 
-#: git-am.sh:759
+#: git-am.sh:757
 msgid "Commit Body is:"
 msgstr "Thân của lần chuyển giao (commit) là:"
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [y], [n], [e], [v] and [a]
 #. in your translation. The program will only accept English
 #. input at this point.
-#: git-am.sh:766
+#: git-am.sh:764
 msgid "Apply? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all "
-msgstr "Áp dụng? đồng ý [y]/không [n]/chỉnh sửa [e]/hiển thị miếng [v]á/đồng ý tất cả [a]"
+msgstr ""
+"Áp dụng? đồng ý [y]/không [n]/chỉnh sửa [e]/hiển thị miếng [v]á/đồng ý tất "
+"cả [a] "
 
-#: git-am.sh:802
+#: git-am.sh:800
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Applying: $FIRSTLINE"
 msgstr "Đang áp dụng (miếng vá): $FIRSTLINE"
 
-#: git-am.sh:823
+#: git-am.sh:821
 msgid ""
 "No changes - did you forget to use 'git add'?\n"
 "If there is nothing left to stage, chances are that something else\n"
 "already introduced the same changes; you might want to skip this patch."
 msgstr ""
-"Không có thay đổi nào - bạn đã quên sử dụng lệnh 'git add' à?\n"
+"Không có thay đổi nào - bạn đã quên sử dụng lệnh “git add” à?\n"
 "Nếu ở đây không có gì còn lại stage, tình cờ là có một số thứ khác\n"
-"đã sẵn được đưa vào với cùng nội dung thay đổi; bạn có lẽ muốn bỏ qua miếng vá này."
+"đã sẵn được đưa vào với cùng nội dung thay đổi; bạn có lẽ muốn bỏ qua miếng "
+"vá này."
 
-#: git-am.sh:831
+#: git-am.sh:829
 msgid ""
 "You still have unmerged paths in your index\n"
 "did you forget to use 'git add'?"
 msgstr ""
 "Bạn vẫn có những đường dẫn chưa được hòa trộn trong bảng mục lục của mình\n"
-"bạn đã quên sử dụng lệnh 'git add' à?"
+"bạn đã quên sử dụng lệnh “git add” à?"
 
-#: git-am.sh:847
+#: git-am.sh:845
 msgid "No changes -- Patch already applied."
 msgstr "Không thay đổi gì cả -- Miếng vá đã được áp dụng rồi."
 
-#: git-am.sh:857
+#: git-am.sh:855
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Patch failed at $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
 msgstr "Vá gặp lỗi tại $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
 
-#: git-am.sh:873
+#: git-am.sh:858
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"The copy of the patch that failed is found in:\n"
+"   $dotest/patch"
+msgstr ""
+"Bản sao chép của miếng vá mà nó gặp lỗi thì được tìm thấy trong:\n"
+"   $dotest/patch"
+
+#: git-am.sh:876
 msgid "applying to an empty history"
 msgstr "áp dụng vào một lịch sử trống rỗng"
 
@@ -5041,12 +9472,12 @@
 #: git-bisect.sh:95
 #, sh-format
 msgid "unrecognised option: '$arg'"
-msgstr "không công nhận tùy chọn: '$arg'"
+msgstr "không công nhận tùy chọn: “$arg”"
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:99
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$arg' does not appear to be a valid revision"
-msgstr "'$arg' không có vẻ như là một sự xét lại hợp lệ"
+msgstr "”$arg” không có vẻ như là một sự xét lại hợp lệ"
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:117
 msgid "Bad HEAD - I need a HEAD"
@@ -5054,8 +9485,11 @@
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:130
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Checking out '$start_head' failed. Try 'git bisect reset <validbranch>'."
-msgstr "Việc checkout '$start_head' gặp lỗi. Hãy thử 'git bisect reset <nhánh_hợp_lệ>'."
+msgid ""
+"Checking out '$start_head' failed. Try 'git bisect reset <validbranch>'."
+msgstr ""
+"Việc checkout “$start_head” gặp lỗi. Hãy thử “git bisect reset "
+"<nhánh_hợp_lệ>”."
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:140
 msgid "won't bisect on seeked tree"
@@ -5077,7 +9511,7 @@
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:232
 msgid "Please call 'bisect_state' with at least one argument."
-msgstr "Hãy gọi lệnhl 'bisect_state' với ít nhất một đối số."
+msgstr "Hãy gọi lệnhl “bisect_state” với ít nhất một đối số."
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:244
 #, sh-format
@@ -5086,20 +9520,21 @@
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:250
 msgid "'git bisect bad' can take only one argument."
-msgstr "'git bisect bad' có thể lấy chỉ một đối số."
+msgstr "“git bisect bad” có thể lấy chỉ một đối số."
 
 #. have bad but not good.  we could bisect although
 #. this is less optimum.
 #: git-bisect.sh:273
 msgid "Warning: bisecting only with a bad commit."
-msgstr "Cảnh báo: chỉ thực hiện việc bisect với một lần chuyển giao (commit) sai."
+msgstr ""
+"Cảnh báo: chỉ thực hiện việc bisect với một lần chuyển giao (commit) sai."
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
 #. translation. The program will only accept English input
 #. at this point.
 #: git-bisect.sh:279
 msgid "Are you sure [Y/n]? "
-msgstr "Bạn có chắc chắn chưa [Y/n]?"
+msgstr "Bạn có chắc chắn chưa [Y/n]? "
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:289
 msgid ""
@@ -5116,69 +9551,69 @@
 "(You can use \"git bisect bad\" and \"git bisect good\" for that.)"
 msgstr ""
 "Bạn cần bắt đầu bằng lệnh \"git bisect start\".\n"
-"Bạn sau đó cần phải chỉ cho tôi ít nhất một điểm xét duyệt đúng và một điểm sai.\n"
+"Bạn sau đó cần phải chỉ cho tôi ít nhất một điểm xét duyệt đúng và một điểm "
+"sai.\n"
 "(Bạn có thể sử dụng \"git bisect bad\" và \"git bisect good\" cho chúng.)"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:347
-#: git-bisect.sh:474
+#: git-bisect.sh:363 git-bisect.sh:490
 msgid "We are not bisecting."
 msgstr "Chúng tôi không bisect."
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:354
+#: git-bisect.sh:370
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$invalid' is not a valid commit"
-msgstr "'$invalid' không phải là lần chuyển giao (commit) hợp lệ"
+msgstr "”$invalid” không phải là lần chuyển giao (commit) hợp lệ"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:363
+#: git-bisect.sh:379
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "Could not check out original HEAD '$branch'.\n"
 "Try 'git bisect reset <commit>'."
 msgstr ""
-"Không thể check out original HEAD '$branch'.\n"
-"Hãy thử 'git bisect reset <commit>'."
+"Không thể check-out HEAD nguyên thủy của “$branch”.\n"
+"Hãy thử “git bisect reset <lần-chuyển-giao>”."
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:390
+#: git-bisect.sh:406
 msgid "No logfile given"
 msgstr "Chưa chỉ ra tập tin ghi nhật ký"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:391
+#: git-bisect.sh:407
 #, sh-format
 msgid "cannot read $file for replaying"
 msgstr "không thể đọc $file để thao diễn lại"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:408
+#: git-bisect.sh:424
 msgid "?? what are you talking about?"
 msgstr "?? bạn đang nói gì thế?"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:420
+#: git-bisect.sh:436
 #, sh-format
 msgid "running $command"
 msgstr "đang chạy lệnh $command"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:427
+#: git-bisect.sh:443
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "bisect run failed:\n"
 "exit code $res from '$command' is < 0 or >= 128"
 msgstr ""
 "chạy bisect gặp lỗi:\n"
-"mã trả về $res từ lệnh '$command' là < 0 hoặc >= 128"
+"mã trả về $res từ lệnh “$command” là < 0 hoặc >= 128"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:453
+#: git-bisect.sh:469
 msgid "bisect run cannot continue any more"
 msgstr "bisect không thể tiếp tục thêm được nữa"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:459
+#: git-bisect.sh:475
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "bisect run failed:\n"
 "'bisect_state $state' exited with error code $res"
 msgstr ""
 "chạy bisect gặp lỗi:\n"
-"'bisect_state $state' đã thoát ra với mã lỗi $res"
+"”bisect_state $state” đã thoát ra với mã lỗi $res"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:466
+#: git-bisect.sh:482
 msgid "bisect run success"
 msgstr "bisect chạy thành công"
 
@@ -5189,22 +9624,26 @@
 "as appropriate to mark resolution, or use 'git commit -a'."
 msgstr ""
 "Pull là không thể được bởi vì bạn có những tập tin chưa được hòa trộn.\n"
-"Xin hãy sửa chữa chúng trước, và sau đó sử dụng lệnh 'git add/rm <tập-tin>'\n"
-"để phê chuẩn việc đánh dấu đây cần được giải quyết, hoặc là sử dụng 'git commit -a'."
+"Xin hãy sửa chữa chúng trước, và sau đó sử dụng lệnh “git add/rm <tập-tin>”\n"
+"để phê chuẩn việc đánh dấu đây cần được giải quyết, hoặc là sử dụng “git "
+"commit -a”."
 
 #: git-pull.sh:25
 msgid "Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files."
-msgstr "Full là không thể thực hiện bởi vì bạn có những tập tin chưa được hòa trộn."
+msgstr ""
+"Full là không thể thực hiện bởi vì bạn có những tập tin chưa được hòa trộn."
 
-#: git-pull.sh:197
+#: git-pull.sh:203
 msgid "updating an unborn branch with changes added to the index"
-msgstr "đang cập nhật một nhánh chưa được sinh ra với các thay đổi được thêm vào bảng mục lục"
+msgstr ""
+"đang cập nhật một nhánh chưa được sinh ra với các thay đổi được thêm vào "
+"bảng mục lục"
 
 #. The fetch involved updating the current branch.
 #. The working tree and the index file is still based on the
 #. $orig_head commit, but we are merging into $curr_head.
 #. First update the working tree to match $curr_head.
-#: git-pull.sh:228
+#: git-pull.sh:235
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "Warning: fetch updated the current branch head.\n"
@@ -5215,17 +9654,150 @@
 "Cảnh báo: đang fast-forward cây làm việc của bạn từ\n"
 "Cảnh báo: commit $orig_head."
 
-#: git-pull.sh:253
+#: git-pull.sh:260
 msgid "Cannot merge multiple branches into empty head"
 msgstr "Không thể hòa trộn nhiều nhánh và trong một head trống rỗng"
 
-#: git-pull.sh:257
+#: git-pull.sh:264
 msgid "Cannot rebase onto multiple branches"
 msgstr "Không thể thực hiện lệnh rebase (cơ cấu lại) trên nhiều nhánh"
 
+#: git-rebase.sh:53
+msgid ""
+"When you have resolved this problem, run \"git rebase --continue\".\n"
+"If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"git rebase --skip\" instead.\n"
+"To check out the original branch and stop rebasing, run \"git rebase --abort"
+"\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Khi bạn cần giải quyết vấn đề này hãy chạy lệnh \"git rebase --continue\".\n"
+"Nếu bạn có ý định bỏ qua miếng vá, thay vào đó bạn chạy \"git rebase --skip"
+"\".\n"
+"Để phục hồi lại thành nhánh nguyên thủy và dừng việc vá lại thì chạy \"git "
+"rebase --abort\"."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:160
+msgid "The pre-rebase hook refused to rebase."
+msgstr "Móc (hook) pre-rebase từ chối rebase."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:165
+msgid "It looks like git-am is in progress. Cannot rebase."
+msgstr ""
+"Hình như đang trong quá trình thực hiện lệnh git-am. Không thể chạy lệnh "
+"rebase."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:296
+msgid "The --exec option must be used with the --interactive option"
+msgstr "Tùy chọn --exec phải được sử dụng cùng với tùy chọn --interactive"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:301
+msgid "No rebase in progress?"
+msgstr "Không có tiến trình rebase nào phải không?"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:312
+msgid "The --edit-todo action can only be used during interactive rebase."
+msgstr ""
+"Hành động “--edit-todo” chỉ có thể dùng trong quá trình “rebase” (sửa lịch "
+"sử) tương tác."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:319
+msgid "Cannot read HEAD"
+msgstr "Không thể đọc HEAD"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:322
+msgid ""
+"You must edit all merge conflicts and then\n"
+"mark them as resolved using git add"
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn phải sửa tất cả các lần hòa trộn xung đột và sau\n"
+"đó đánh dấu chúng là cần xử lý sử dụng lệnh git add"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:340
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not move back to $head_name"
+msgstr "Không thể quay trở lại $head_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:359
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"It seems that there is already a $state_dir_base directory, and\n"
+"I wonder if you are in the middle of another rebase.  If that is the\n"
+"case, please try\n"
+"\t$cmd_live_rebase\n"
+"If that is not the case, please\n"
+"\t$cmd_clear_stale_rebase\n"
+"and run me again.  I am stopping in case you still have something\n"
+"valuable there."
+msgstr ""
+"Hình như là ở đây sẵn có một thư mục $state_dir_base directory, và\n"
+"Tôi tự hỏi có phải bạn đang ở giữa một lệnh rebase khác.  Nếu đúng là\n"
+"như vậy, xin hãy thử\n"
+"\t$cmd_live_rebase\n"
+"Nếu không phải thế, hãy thử\n"
+"\t$cmd_clear_stale_rebase\n"
+"và chạy TÔI lần nữa.  TÔI  dừng lại trong trường hợp bạn vẫn\n"
+"có một số thứ quý giá ở đây.\n"
+"\n"
+"TÔI: là lệnh bạn vừa gọi!"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:404
+#, sh-format
+msgid "invalid upstream $upstream_name"
+msgstr "thượng nguồn không hợp lệ $upstream_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:428
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there are more than one merge bases"
+msgstr "$onto_name: ở đây có nhiều hơn một nền móng hòa trộn"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:431 git-rebase.sh:435
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there is no merge base"
+msgstr "$onto_name: ở đây không có nền móng hòa trộn nào"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:440
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Does not point to a valid commit: $onto_name"
+msgstr "Không chỉ đến một lần chuyển giao (commit) không hợp lệ: $onto_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:463
+#, sh-format
+msgid "fatal: no such branch: $branch_name"
+msgstr "nghiêm trọng: không có nhánh như thế: $branch_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:483
+msgid "Please commit or stash them."
+msgstr "Xin hãy commit hoặc tạm cất (stash) chúng."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:501
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date."
+msgstr "Nhánh hiện tại $branch_name đã được cập nhật rồi."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:504
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date, rebase forced."
+msgstr "Nhánh hiện tại $branch_name đã được cập nhật rồi, lệnh rebase ép buộc."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:515
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Changes from $mb to $onto:"
+msgstr "Thay đổi từ $mb thành $onto:"
+
+#. Detach HEAD and reset the tree
+#: git-rebase.sh:524
+msgid "First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it..."
+msgstr ""
+"Trước tiên, di chuyển head để xem lại các công việc trên đỉnh của nó..."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:532
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Fast-forwarded $branch_name to $onto_name."
+msgstr "Fast-forward $branch_name thành $onto_name."
+
 #: git-stash.sh:51
 msgid "git stash clear with parameters is unimplemented"
-msgstr "git stash clear với các tham số là chưa được thực hiện (không nhận đối số)"
+msgstr ""
+"git stash clear với các tham số là chưa được thực hiện (không nhận đối số)"
 
 #: git-stash.sh:74
 msgid "You do not have the initial commit yet"
@@ -5235,8 +9807,7 @@
 msgid "Cannot save the current index state"
 msgstr "Không thể ghi lại trạng thái bảng mục lục hiện hành"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:123
-#: git-stash.sh:136
+#: git-stash.sh:123 git-stash.sh:136
 msgid "Cannot save the current worktree state"
 msgstr "Không thể ghi lại trạng thái cây-làm-việc hiện hành"
 
@@ -5268,8 +9839,8 @@
 "error: unknown option for 'stash save': $option\n"
 "       To provide a message, use git stash save -- '$option'"
 msgstr ""
-"lỗi: không hiểu tùy chọn cho 'stash save': $option\n"
-"       Để cung cấp một thông điệp, sử dụng git stash save -- '$option'"
+"lỗi: không hiểu tùy chọn cho “stash save”: $option\n"
+"       Để cung cấp một thông điệp, sử dụng git stash save -- “$option”"
 
 #: git-stash.sh:223
 msgid "No local changes to save"
@@ -5289,7 +9860,7 @@
 
 #: git-stash.sh:352
 msgid "No stash found."
-msgstr "Không tìm thấy stast nào."
+msgstr "Không tìm thấy stash nào."
 
 #: git-stash.sh:359
 #, sh-format
@@ -5304,12 +9875,12 @@
 #: git-stash.sh:393
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$args' is not a stash-like commit"
-msgstr "'$args' không phải là lần chuyển giao (commit) giống-stash"
+msgstr "”$args” không phải là lần chuyển giao (commit) giống-stash"
 
 #: git-stash.sh:404
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$args' is not a stash reference"
-msgstr "'$args' không phải tham chiếu đến stash"
+msgstr "”$args” không phải tham chiếu đến stash"
 
 #: git-stash.sh:412
 msgid "unable to refresh index"
@@ -5331,224 +9902,446 @@
 msgid "Cannot unstage modified files"
 msgstr "Không thể bỏ trạng thía của các tập tin đã được sửa chữa"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:474
+#: git-stash.sh:475
 msgid "Index was not unstashed."
 msgstr "Bảng mục lục đã không được bỏ stash."
 
-#: git-stash.sh:491
+#: git-stash.sh:492
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Dropped ${REV} ($s)"
 msgstr "Đã hạ xuống ${REV} ($s)"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:492
+#: git-stash.sh:493
 #, sh-format
 msgid "${REV}: Could not drop stash entry"
 msgstr "${REV}: Không thể xóa bỏ mục stash"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:499
+#: git-stash.sh:500
 msgid "No branch name specified"
 msgstr "Chưa chỉ ra tên của nhánh"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:570
+#: git-stash.sh:571
 msgid "(To restore them type \"git stash apply\")"
 msgstr "(Để phục hồi lại chúng hãy gõ \"git stash apply\")"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:56
+#: git-submodule.sh:91
 #, sh-format
 msgid "cannot strip one component off url '$remoteurl'"
-msgstr "không thể tháo bỏ một thành phần ra khỏi url '$remoteurl'"
+msgstr "không thể tháo bỏ một thành phần ra khỏi “$remoteurl” url"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:109
+#: git-submodule.sh:196
 #, sh-format
 msgid "No submodule mapping found in .gitmodules for path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Không tìm thấy ánh xạ (mapping) mô-đun-con trong .gitmodules cho đường dẫn '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+"Không tìm thấy ánh xạ (mapping) mô-đun-con trong .gitmodules cho đường dẫn "
+"“$sm_path”"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:150
+#: git-submodule.sh:239
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Clone of '$url' into submodule path '$sm_path' failed"
-msgstr "Nhân bản '$url' vào đường dẫn mô-đun-con '$sm_path' gặp lỗi"
+msgstr "Nhân bản “$url” vào đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$sm_path” gặp lỗi"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:160
+#: git-submodule.sh:251
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Gitdir '$a' is part of the submodule path '$b' or vice versa"
-msgstr "Gitdir '$a' là bộ phận của đường dẫn mô-đun-con '$b' hoặc \"vice versa\""
+msgstr ""
+"Gitdir “$a” là bộ phận của đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$b” hoặc \"vice versa\""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:249
+#: git-submodule.sh:349
 #, sh-format
 msgid "repo URL: '$repo' must be absolute or begin with ./|../"
-msgstr "repo URL: '$repo' phải là đường dẫn tuyệt đối hoặc là bắt đầu bằng ./|../"
+msgstr ""
+"repo URL: “$repo” phải là đường dẫn tuyệt đối hoặc là bắt đầu bằng ./|../"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:266
+#: git-submodule.sh:366
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$sm_path' already exists in the index"
-msgstr "'$sm_path' thực sự đã tồn tại ở bảng mục lục rồi"
+msgstr "”$sm_path” thực sự đã tồn tại ở bảng mục lục rồi"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:270
+#: git-submodule.sh:370
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "The following path is ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
 "$sm_path\n"
 "Use -f if you really want to add it."
 msgstr ""
-"Các đường dẫn theo sau đây sẽ bị lờ đi bởi một trong các tập tin .gitignore của bạn:\n"
+"Các đường dẫn theo sau đây sẽ bị lờ đi bởi một trong các tập tin .gitignore "
+"của bạn:\n"
 "$sm_path\n"
 "Sử dụng -f nếu bạn thực sự muốn thêm nó vào."
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:281
+#: git-submodule.sh:388
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Adding existing repo at '$sm_path' to the index"
-msgstr "Đang thêm repo có sẵn tại '$sm_path' vào bảng mục lục"
+msgstr "Đang thêm repo có sẵn tại “$sm_path” vào bảng mục lục"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:283
+#: git-submodule.sh:390
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$sm_path' already exists and is not a valid git repo"
-msgstr "'$sm_path' đã tồn tại từ trước và không phải là một kho git hợp lệ"
+msgstr "”$sm_path” đã tồn tại từ trước và không phải là một kho git hợp lệ"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:297
+#: git-submodule.sh:398
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to checkout submodule '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Không thể checkout mô-đun con '$sm_path'"
+msgid "A git directory for '$sm_name' is found locally with remote(s):"
+msgstr ""
+"Thư mục git cho “$sm_name” được tìm thấy một cách cục bộ với các máy chủ:"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:302
+#: git-submodule.sh:400
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to add submodule '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi thêm mô-đun con '$sm_path'"
+msgid ""
+"If you want to reuse this local git directory instead of cloning again from"
+msgstr "Nếu bạn muốn dùng lại thư mục git nội bộ này thay vì nhân bản từ nó"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:307
+#: git-submodule.sh:402
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to register submodule '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đăng ký với hệ thống mô-đun con '$sm_path'"
+msgid ""
+"use the '--force' option. If the local git directory is not the correct repo"
+msgstr ""
+"dùng tùy chọn “--force”. Nếu thư mục git nội bộ không phải là repo (kho) đúng"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:349
+#: git-submodule.sh:403
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Entering '$prefix$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Đang nhập '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgid ""
+"or you are unsure what this means choose another name with the '--name' "
+"option."
+msgstr ""
+"hay bạn không chắc chắn điều đó có nghĩa gì chọn tên khác với tùy chọn “--"
+"name”."
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:363
+#: git-submodule.sh:405
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Stopping at '$sm_path'; script returned non-zero status."
-msgstr "Dừng lại tại '$sm_path'; script trả về trạng thái khác không."
-
-#: git-submodule.sh:406
-#, sh-format
-msgid "No url found for submodule path '$sm_path' in .gitmodules"
-msgstr "Không tìm thấy url cho đường dẫn mô-đun-con '$sm_path' trong .gitmodules"
-
-#: git-submodule.sh:415
-#, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đăng ký url cho đường dẫn mô-đun-con '$sm_path'"
+msgid "Reactivating local git directory for submodule '$sm_name'."
+msgstr ""
+"Phục hồi sự hoạt động của thư mục git nội bộ cho mô-đun-con “$sm_name”."
 
 #: git-submodule.sh:417
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) registered for path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Mô-đun-con '$name' ($url) được đăng ký cho đường dẫn '$sm_path'"
+msgid "Unable to checkout submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Không thể checkout mô-đun con “$sm_path”"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:425
+#: git-submodule.sh:422
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to add submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi thêm mô-đun con “$sm_path”"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:431
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đăng ký với hệ thống mô-đun con “$sm_path”"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:474
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Entering '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Đang nhập “$prefix$sm_path”"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:488
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Stopping at '$sm_path'; script returned non-zero status."
+msgstr "Dừng lại tại “$sm_path”; script trả về trạng thái khác không."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:532
+#, sh-format
+msgid "No url found for submodule path '$sm_path' in .gitmodules"
+msgstr ""
+"Không tìm thấy url cho đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$sm_path” trong .gitmodules"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:541
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đăng ký url cho đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$sm_path”"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:543
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) registered for path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Mô-đun-con “$name” ($url) được đăng ký cho đường dẫn “$sm_path”"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:551
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đăng ký chế độ cập nhật cho đường dẫn mô-đun-con '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+"Gặp lỗi khi đăng ký chế độ cập nhật cho đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$sm_path”"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:524
+#: git-submodule.sh:588
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Use '.' if you really want to deinitialize all submodules"
+msgstr "Dùng “.” nếu bạn thực sự muốn gỡ bỏ mọi mô-đun-con"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:603
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule work tree '$sm_path' contains a .git directory"
+msgstr "Cây làm việc mô-đun-con “$sm_path” có chứa thư mục .git"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:604
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
-"Submodule path '$sm_path' not initialized\n"
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+"(dùng “rm -rf” nếu bạn thực sự muốn gỡ bỏ nó cùng với tất cả lịch sử của "
+"chúng)"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:610
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule work tree '$sm_path' contains local modifications; use '-f' to "
+"discard them"
+msgstr ""
+"Cây làm việc mô-đun-con “$sm_path” chứa các thay đổi nội bộ; hãy dùng “-f” "
+"để loại bỏ chúng đi"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:613
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cleared directory '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Thư mục được dọn “$sm_path”"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:614
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not remove submodule work tree '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Không thể gỡ bỏ cây làm việc mô-đun con “$sm_path”"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:617
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not create empty submodule directory '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Không thể tạo thư mục mô-đun-con rỗng “$sm_path”"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:626
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) unregistered for path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Mô-đun-con “$name” ($url) được bỏ đăng ký cho đường dẫn “$sm_path”"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:731
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule path '$prefix$sm_path' not initialized\n"
 "Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?"
 msgstr ""
-"Đường dẫn mô-đun-con '$sm_path' chưa được khởi tạo\n"
-"Có lẽ bạn muốn sử dụng lệnh 'update --init'?"
+"Đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$prefix$sm_path” chưa được khởi tạo\n"
+"Có lẽ bạn muốn sử dụng lệnh “update --init”?"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:537
+#: git-submodule.sh:744
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Không tìm thấy điểm xét lại hiện hành trong đường dẫn mô-đun-con '$sm_path'"
+msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+"Không tìm thấy điểm xét lại hiện hành trong đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$prefix"
+"$sm_path”"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:556
+#: git-submodule.sh:753
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Không thể lấy về (fetch) trong đường dẫn mô-đun-con '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Không thể lấy về (fetch) trong đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$sm_path”"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:570
+#: git-submodule.sh:777
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Không thể rebase '$sha1' trong đường dẫn mô-đun-con '$sm_path'"
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Không thể lấy về (fetch) trong đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$prefix$sm_path”"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:571
+#: git-submodule.sh:791
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule path '$sm_path': rebased into '$sha1'"
-msgstr "Đường dẫn mô-đun-con '$sm_path': được rebase vào trong '$sha1'"
+msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Không thể rebase “$sha1” trong đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$prefix$sm_path”"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:576
+#: git-submodule.sh:792
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Không thể hòa trộn (merge) '$sha1' trong đường dẫn mô-đun-con '$sm_path'"
+msgid "Submodule path '$prefix$sm_path': rebased into '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$prefix$sm_path”: được rebase vào trong “$sha1”"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:577
+#: git-submodule.sh:797
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule path '$sm_path': merged in '$sha1'"
-msgstr "Đường dẫn mô-đun-con '$sm_path': được hòa trộn vào '$sha1'"
+msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể hòa trộn (merge) “$sha1” trong đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$prefix"
+"$sm_path”"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:582
+#: git-submodule.sh:798
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Không thể checkout '$sha1' trong đường dẫn mô-đun-con '$sm_path'"
+msgid "Submodule path '$prefix$sm_path': merged in '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$prefix$sm_path”: được hòa trộn vào “$sha1”"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:583
+#: git-submodule.sh:803
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule path '$sm_path': checked out '$sha1'"
-msgstr "Đường dẫn mô-đun-con '$sm_path': được checkout '$sha1'"
+msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể checkout “$sha1” trong đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$prefix$sm_path”"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:605
-#: git-submodule.sh:928
+#: git-submodule.sh:804
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đệ quy vào trong đường dẫn mô-đun-con '$sm_path'"
+msgid "Submodule path '$prefix$sm_path': checked out '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$prefix$sm_path”: được checkout “$sha1”"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:713
-msgid "--cached cannot be used with --files"
-msgstr "--cached không thể được sử dụng cùng với --files"
+#: git-submodule.sh:831
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đệ quy vào trong đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$prefix$sm_path”"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:939
+msgid "The --cached option cannot be used with the --files option"
+msgstr "Tùy chọn --cached không thể dùng cùng với tùy chọn --files"
 
 #. unexpected type
-#: git-submodule.sh:753
+#: git-submodule.sh:979
 #, sh-format
 msgid "unexpected mode $mod_dst"
 msgstr "chế độ không như mong chờ $mod_dst"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:771
+#: git-submodule.sh:997
 #, sh-format
 msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
 msgstr "  Cảnh báo: $name không chứa lần chuyển giao (commit) $sha1_src"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:774
+#: git-submodule.sh:1000
 #, sh-format
 msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
 msgstr "  Cảnh báo: $name không chứa lần chuyển giao (commit) $sha1_dst"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:777
+#: git-submodule.sh:1003
 #, sh-format
 msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
-msgstr "  Cảnh báo: $name không chứa những lần chuyển giao (commit) $sha1_src và $sha1_dst"
+msgstr ""
+"  Cảnh báo: $name không chứa những lần chuyển giao (commit) $sha1_src và "
+"$sha1_dst"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:802
+#: git-submodule.sh:1028
 msgid "blob"
 msgstr "blob"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:803
-msgid "submodule"
-msgstr "mô-đun con"
+#: git-submodule.sh:1066
+msgid "Submodules changed but not updated:"
+msgstr "Những mô-đun-con đã bị thay đổi nhưng chưa được cập nhật:"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:840
-msgid "# Submodules changed but not updated:"
-msgstr "# Những mô-đun-con đã bị thay đổi nhưng chưa được cập nhật:"
+#: git-submodule.sh:1068
+msgid "Submodule changes to be committed:"
+msgstr "Những mô-đun-con thay đổi đã được chuyển giao (commit):"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:842
-msgid "# Submodule changes to be committed:"
-msgstr "# Những thay đổi mô-đun-con được chuyển giao (commit):"
-
-#: git-submodule.sh:974
+#: git-submodule.sh:1153
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$name'"
-msgstr "Đang đồng bộ hóa url mô-đun-con cho '$name'"
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đệ quy vào trong đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$sm_path”"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1216
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Url Mô-đun-con đồng bộ hóa cho “$prefix$sm_path”"
+
+#~ msgid "It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files.  'status -uno'"
+#~ msgstr "Cần %.2f giây để đếm các tập tin chưa được theo vết.  “status -uno”"
+
+#~ msgid "may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "có thể làm nó nhanh lên, nhưng bạn phải cẩn trọng đừng quên thêm nó vào"
+
+#~ msgid "new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+#~ msgstr "tập tin mới của chính bạn (xem “git help status”.."
+
+#~ msgid "git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [rev-opts] [--] [<commit-id>... ]"
+#~ msgstr "git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [rev-opts] [--] [<commit-id>... ]"
+
+#~ msgid "See 'git help <command>' for more information on a specific command."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Chạy lệnh “git help <tên-lệnh>” để có thêm thông tin về lệnh được chỉ ra."
+
+#~ msgid "use any ref in .git/refs"
+#~ msgstr "sử dụng bất kỳ ref nào trong .git/refs"
+
+#~ msgid "use any tag in .git/refs/tags"
+#~ msgstr "sử dụng bất kỳ thẻ nào trong .git/refs/tags"
+
+#~ msgid "bad object %s"
+#~ msgstr "đối tượng sai %s"
+
+#~ msgid "bogus committer info %s"
+#~ msgstr "thông tin người chuyển giao không có thực %s"
+
+#~ msgid "can't fdopen 'show' output fd"
+#~ msgstr "không thể fdopen “show” (lệnh hiển thị) mô tả tập tin (fd) kết xuất"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to close pipe to 'show' for object '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "gặp lỗi khi đóng đường ống cho lệnh “show” cho đối tượng “%s”"
+
+#~ msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD"
+#~ msgstr "Bạn không có HEAD nào hợp lệ"
+
+#~ msgid "oops"
+#~ msgstr "ôi?"
+
+#~ msgid "Would not remove %s\n"
+#~ msgstr "Không thể gỡ bỏ %s\n"
+
+#~ msgid "Not removing %s\n"
+#~ msgstr "Không xóa %s\n"
+
+#~ msgid "Could not read index"
+#~ msgstr "Không thể đọc bảng mục lục"
+
+#~ msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | -d | <branch>])"
+#~ msgstr "git remote set-head <tên> (-a | -d | <nhánh>])"
+
+#~ msgid " 0 files changed"
+#~ msgstr " 0 có tập tin nào thay đổi cả"
+
+#~ msgid " %d file changed"
+#~ msgid_plural " %d files changed"
+#~ msgstr[0] " %d tập tin thay đổi"
+#~ msgstr[1] " %d tập tin thay đổi"
+
+#~ msgid ", %d insertion(+)"
+#~ msgid_plural ", %d insertions(+)"
+#~ msgstr[0] ", %d thêm(+)"
+#~ msgstr[1] ", %d thêm(+)"
+
+#~ msgid ", %d deletion(-)"
+#~ msgid_plural ", %d deletions(-)"
+#~ msgstr[0] ", %d xóa(-)"
+#~ msgstr[1] ", %d xóa(-)"
+
+#~ msgid "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance.\n"
+#~ msgstr "Tự động đóng gói kho chứa để tối ưu hóa hiệu suất làm việc.\n"
+
+#~ msgid " (use \"git add\" to track)"
+#~ msgstr " (dùng \"git add\" để theo dõi dấu vết)"
+
+#~ msgid "-B cannot be used with -b"
+#~ msgstr "tùy chọn -B không thể dùng -b"
+
+#~ msgid "--patch is incompatible with all other options"
+#~ msgstr "--patch xung khắc với tất cả các tùy chọn khác"
+
+#~ msgid "--detach cannot be used with -b/-B/--orphan"
+#~ msgstr "--detach không thể được sử dụng với tùy chọn -b/-B/--orphan"
+
+#~ msgid "--detach cannot be used with -t"
+#~ msgstr "--detach không thể được sử dụng với tùy chọn -t"
+
+#~ msgid "--orphan and -b|-B are mutually exclusive"
+#~ msgstr "Tùy chọn --orphan và -b|-B loại từ lẫn nhau"
+
+#~ msgid "--orphan cannot be used with -t"
+#~ msgstr "--orphan không thể được sử dụng với tùy chọn -t"
+
+#~ msgid "git checkout: -f and -m are incompatible"
+#~ msgstr "git checkout: hai tùy chọn -f và -m xung khắc nhau"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "git checkout: updating paths is incompatible with switching branches."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "git checkout: việc cập nhật các đường dẫn là xung khắc với việc chuyển "
+#~ "đổi các nhánh."
+
+#~ msgid "diff setup failed"
+#~ msgstr "cài đặt diff gặp lỗi"
+
+#~ msgid "merge-recursive: disk full?"
+#~ msgstr "merge-recursive: đĩa bị đầy?"
+
+#~ msgid "diff_setup_done failed"
+#~ msgstr "diff_setup_done gặp lỗi"
+
+#~ msgid "-d option is no longer supported.  Do not use."
+#~ msgstr "Tùy chọn -d không còn được hỗ trợ nữa. Xin đừng sử dụng."
+
+#~ msgid "%s: has been deleted/renamed"
+#~ msgstr "%s: đã được xóa/thay-tên"
+
+#~ msgid "'%s': not a documentation directory."
+#~ msgstr "”%s”: không phải là một thư mục tài liệu."
 
 #~ msgid "--"
 #~ msgstr "--"
@@ -5557,14 +10350,5 @@
 #~ msgstr ""
 #~ "Không thể rút trích địa chỉ thư điện tử từ định danh người chuyển giao"
 
-#, fuzzy
 #~ msgid "could not parse commit %s\n"
-#~ msgstr "Không thể phân tích commit (lần chuyển giao) %s\n"
-
-#, fuzzy
-#~ msgid "cherry-pick"
-#~ msgstr "< Chọn D-Mod"
-
-#, fuzzy
-#~ msgid "Too many options specified"
-#~ msgstr "đã ghi rõ quá nhiều kích cỡ"
+#~ msgstr "không thể phân tích commit (lần chuyển giao) %s\n"
diff --git a/po/zh_CN.po b/po/zh_CN.po
index b46b53e..ba757d9 100644
--- a/po/zh_CN.po
+++ b/po/zh_CN.po
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Chinese translations for Git package
 # Git 软件包的简体中文翻译.
-# Copyright (C) 2012 Jiang Xin <worldhello.net AT gmail.com>
+# Copyright (C) 2012,2013 Jiang Xin <worldhello.net AT gmail.com>
 # This file is distributed under the same license as the Git package.
 # Contributers:
 #   - Jiang Xin <worldhello.net AT gmail.com>
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: Git\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: Git Mailing List <git@vger.kernel.org>\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-06-08 10:20+0800\n"
-"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-06-08 12:24+0800\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2013-04-30 08:25+0800\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2013-04-12 09:23+0800\n"
 "Last-Translator: Jiang Xin <worldhello.net@gmail.com>\n"
 "Language-Team: GitHub <https://github.com/gotgit/git/>\n"
 "Language: zh_CN\n"
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
 "Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
 
-#: advice.c:40
+#: advice.c:53
 #, c-format
 msgid "hint: %.*s\n"
 msgstr "提示:%.*s\n"
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 #. * Message used both when 'git commit' fails and when
 #. * other commands doing a merge do.
 #.
-#: advice.c:70
+#: advice.c:83
 msgid ""
 "Fix them up in the work tree,\n"
 "and then use 'git add/rm <file>' as\n"
@@ -42,6 +42,220 @@
 "'git add/rm <file>' 标记解决方案,\n"
 "或使用 'git commit -a'。"
 
+#: archive.c:10
+msgid "git archive [options] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git archive [选项] <树或提交> [<路径>...]"
+
+#: archive.c:11
+msgid "git archive --list"
+msgstr "git archive --list"
+
+#: archive.c:12
+msgid ""
+"git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] [options] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git archive --remote <版本库> [--exec <命令>] [选项] <树或提交> [<路径>...]"
+
+#: archive.c:13
+msgid "git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] --list"
+msgstr "git archive --remote <版本库> [--exec <命令>] --list"
+
+#: archive.c:323
+msgid "fmt"
+msgstr "格式"
+
+#: archive.c:323
+msgid "archive format"
+msgstr "归档格式"
+
+#: archive.c:324 builtin/log.c:1126
+msgid "prefix"
+msgstr "前缀"
+
+#: archive.c:325
+msgid "prepend prefix to each pathname in the archive"
+msgstr "为归档中每个路径名加上前缀"
+
+#: archive.c:326 builtin/archive.c:88 builtin/blame.c:2371
+#: builtin/blame.c:2372 builtin/config.c:55 builtin/fast-export.c:665
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:667 builtin/grep.c:715 builtin/hash-object.c:77
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:490 builtin/ls-files.c:493 builtin/notes.c:536
+#: builtin/notes.c:693 builtin/read-tree.c:107 parse-options.h:149
+msgid "file"
+msgstr "文件"
+
+#: archive.c:327 builtin/archive.c:89
+msgid "write the archive to this file"
+msgstr "归档写入此文件"
+
+#: archive.c:329
+msgid "read .gitattributes in working directory"
+msgstr "读取工作区中的 .gitattributes"
+
+#: archive.c:330
+msgid "report archived files on stderr"
+msgstr "在标准错误上报告归档文件"
+
+#: archive.c:331
+msgid "store only"
+msgstr "只存储"
+
+#: archive.c:332
+msgid "compress faster"
+msgstr "压缩速度更快"
+
+#: archive.c:340
+msgid "compress better"
+msgstr "压缩效果更好"
+
+#: archive.c:343
+msgid "list supported archive formats"
+msgstr "列出支持的归档格式"
+
+#: archive.c:345 builtin/archive.c:90 builtin/clone.c:86
+msgid "repo"
+msgstr "版本库"
+
+#: archive.c:346 builtin/archive.c:91
+msgid "retrieve the archive from remote repository <repo>"
+msgstr "从远程版本库(<版本库>)提取归档文件"
+
+#: archive.c:347 builtin/archive.c:92 builtin/notes.c:615
+msgid "command"
+msgstr "命令"
+
+#: archive.c:348 builtin/archive.c:93
+msgid "path to the remote git-upload-archive command"
+msgstr "远程 git-upload-archive 命令的路径"
+
+#: attr.c:259
+msgid ""
+"Negative patterns are ignored in git attributes\n"
+"Use '\\!' for literal leading exclamation."
+msgstr ""
+"负值模版在 git attributes 中被忽略\n"
+"当字符串确实要以感叹号开始时,使用 '\\!'。"
+
+#: branch.c:60
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not setting branch %s as its own upstream."
+msgstr "未设置分支 %s 作为它自己的上游。"
+
+#: branch.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "分支 %1$s 设置为使用变基来跟踪来自 %3$s 的远程分支 %2$s。"
+
+#: branch.c:83
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s."
+msgstr "分支 %1$s 设置为跟踪来自 %3$s 的远程分支 %2$s。"
+
+#: branch.c:87
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "分支 %s 设置为使用变基来跟踪本地分支 %s。"
+
+#: branch.c:88
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s."
+msgstr "分支 %s 设置为跟踪本地分支 %s。"
+
+#: branch.c:92
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "分支 %s 设置为使用变基来跟踪远程引用 %s。"
+
+#: branch.c:93
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s."
+msgstr "分支 %s 设置为跟踪远程引用 %s。"
+
+#: branch.c:97
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "分支 %s 设置为使用变基来跟踪本地引用 %s。"
+
+#: branch.c:98
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s."
+msgstr "分支 %s 设置为跟踪本地引用 %s。"
+
+#: branch.c:118
+#, c-format
+msgid "Tracking not set up: name too long: %s"
+msgstr "跟踪未设置:名字太长:%s"
+
+#: branch.c:137
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not tracking: ambiguous information for ref %s"
+msgstr "未跟踪:引用 %s 有歧义"
+
+#: branch.c:182
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid branch name."
+msgstr "'%s' 不是一个有效的分支名称。"
+
+#: branch.c:187
+#, c-format
+msgid "A branch named '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "一个分支名 '%s' 已经存在。"
+
+#: branch.c:195
+msgid "Cannot force update the current branch."
+msgstr "无法强制更新当前分支。"
+
+#: branch.c:201
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot setup tracking information; starting point '%s' is not a branch."
+msgstr "无法设置跟踪信息;起始点 '%s' 不是一个分支。"
+
+#: branch.c:203
+#, c-format
+msgid "the requested upstream branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "请求的上游分支 '%s' 不存在"
+
+#: branch.c:205
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you are planning on basing your work on an upstream\n"
+"branch that already exists at the remote, you may need to\n"
+"run \"git fetch\" to retrieve it.\n"
+"\n"
+"If you are planning to push out a new local branch that\n"
+"will track its remote counterpart, you may want to use\n"
+"\"git push -u\" to set the upstream config as you push."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"如果您正计划基于远程一个现存的上游分支开始你的工作,\n"
+"您可能需要执行 \"git fetch\" 来获取分支。\n"
+"\n"
+"如果您正计划推送一个能与对应远程分支建立跟踪的新的本地分支,\n"
+"您可能需要使用 \"git push -u\" 推送分支并配置和上游的关联。"
+
+#: branch.c:250
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "不是一个有效的对象名:'%s'。"
+
+#: branch.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid "Ambiguous object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "歧义的对象名:'%s'。"
+
+#: branch.c:275
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid branch point: '%s'."
+msgstr "无效的分支点:'%s'。"
+
+#: branch.c:281
+msgid "Failed to lock ref for update"
+msgstr "无法为更新锁定引用"
+
+#: branch.c:299
+msgid "Failed to write ref"
+msgstr "不能写引用"
+
 #: bundle.c:36
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' does not look like a v2 bundle file"
@@ -52,7 +266,7 @@
 msgid "unrecognized header: %s%s (%d)"
 msgstr "未能识别的包头:%s%s (%d)"
 
-#: bundle.c:89 builtin/commit.c:696
+#: bundle.c:89 builtin/commit.c:676
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not open '%s'"
 msgstr "不能打开 '%s'"
@@ -61,67 +275,71 @@
 msgid "Repository lacks these prerequisite commits:"
 msgstr "版本库缺少这些必备的提交:"
 
-#: bundle.c:164 sequencer.c:550 sequencer.c:982 builtin/log.c:289
-#: builtin/log.c:720 builtin/log.c:1309 builtin/log.c:1528 builtin/merge.c:347
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:181
+#: bundle.c:164 sequencer.c:651 sequencer.c:1101 builtin/log.c:300
+#: builtin/log.c:770 builtin/log.c:1344 builtin/log.c:1570 builtin/merge.c:349
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:155
 msgid "revision walk setup failed"
 msgstr "版本遍历设置失败"
 
 #: bundle.c:186
 #, c-format
-msgid "The bundle contains %d ref"
-msgid_plural "The bundle contains %d refs"
-msgstr[0] "这个包中含有 %d 个引用"
-msgstr[1] "这个包中含有 %d 个引用"
+msgid "The bundle contains this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle contains these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "这个包中含有这个引用:"
+msgstr[1] "这个包中含有 %d 个引用:"
 
-#: bundle.c:192
+#: bundle.c:193
+msgid "The bundle records a complete history."
+msgstr "这个包记录一个完整历史。"
+
+#: bundle.c:195
 #, c-format
-msgid "The bundle requires this ref"
-msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs"
-msgstr[0] "这个包需要这个引用"
-msgstr[1] "这个包需要 %d 个这些引用"
+msgid "The bundle requires this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "这个包需要这个引用:"
+msgstr[1] "这个包需要 %d 个引用:"
 
-#: bundle.c:290
+#: bundle.c:294
 msgid "rev-list died"
 msgstr "rev-list 终止"
 
-#: bundle.c:296 builtin/log.c:1205 builtin/shortlog.c:284
+#: bundle.c:300 builtin/log.c:1255 builtin/shortlog.c:258
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized argument: %s"
 msgstr "未能识别的参数:%s"
 
-#: bundle.c:331
+#: bundle.c:335
 #, c-format
 msgid "ref '%s' is excluded by the rev-list options"
 msgstr "引用 '%s' 被 rev-list 选项排除"
 
-#: bundle.c:376
+#: bundle.c:380
 msgid "Refusing to create empty bundle."
 msgstr "不能创建空包。"
 
-#: bundle.c:394
+#: bundle.c:398
 msgid "Could not spawn pack-objects"
 msgstr "不能生成 pack-objects 进程"
 
-#: bundle.c:412
+#: bundle.c:416
 msgid "pack-objects died"
 msgstr "pack-objects 终止"
 
-#: bundle.c:415
+#: bundle.c:419
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot create '%s'"
 msgstr "不能创建 '%s'"
 
-#: bundle.c:437
+#: bundle.c:441
 msgid "index-pack died"
 msgstr "index-pack 终止"
 
-#: commit.c:48
+#: commit.c:50
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not parse %s"
 msgstr "不能解析 %s"
 
-#: commit.c:50
+#: commit.c:52
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s %s is not a commit!"
 msgstr "%s %s 不是一个提交!"
@@ -212,19 +430,24 @@
 msgstr[1] "%lu 年前"
 
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
-#: diff.c:105
+#: diff.c:112
 #, c-format
-msgid "  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%.*s'\n"
-msgstr "  无法解析 dirstat 阈值 '%.*s'\n"
+msgid "  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%s'\n"
+msgstr "  无法解析 dirstat 截止(cut-off)百分比 '%s'\n"
 
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
-#: diff.c:110
+#: diff.c:117
 #, c-format
-msgid "  Unknown dirstat parameter '%.*s'\n"
-msgstr "  未知 dirstat 参数 '%.*s'\n"
+msgid "  Unknown dirstat parameter '%s'\n"
+msgstr "  未知的 dirstat 参数 '%s'\n"
 
 #: diff.c:210
 #, c-format
+msgid "Unknown value for 'diff.submodule' config variable: '%s'"
+msgstr "配置变量 'diff.submodule' 未知的取值:'%s'"
+
+#: diff.c:260
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Found errors in 'diff.dirstat' config variable:\n"
 "%s"
@@ -232,32 +455,7 @@
 "发现配置变量 'diff.dirstat' 中的错误:\n"
 "%s"
 
-#: diff.c:1400
-msgid " 0 files changed\n"
-msgstr " 0 个文件被修改\n"
-
-#: diff.c:1404
-#, c-format
-msgid " %d file changed"
-msgid_plural " %d files changed"
-msgstr[0] " %d 个文件被修改"
-msgstr[1] " %d 个文件被修改"
-
-#: diff.c:1421
-#, c-format
-msgid ", %d insertion(+)"
-msgid_plural ", %d insertions(+)"
-msgstr[0] ",插入 %d 行(+)"
-msgstr[1] ",插入 %d 行(+)"
-
-#: diff.c:1432
-#, c-format
-msgid ", %d deletion(-)"
-msgid_plural ", %d deletions(-)"
-msgstr[0] ",删除 %d 行(-)"
-msgstr[1] ",删除 %d 行(-)"
-
-#: diff.c:3478
+#: diff.c:3481
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Failed to parse --dirstat/-X option parameter:\n"
@@ -266,7 +464,12 @@
 "无法解析 --dirstat/-X 选项的参数:\n"
 "%s"
 
-#: gpg-interface.c:59
+#: diff.c:3495
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to parse --submodule option parameter: '%s'"
+msgstr "无法解析 --submodule 选项的参数:'%s'"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:59 gpg-interface.c:131
 msgid "could not run gpg."
 msgstr "不能执行 gpg。"
 
@@ -278,31 +481,45 @@
 msgid "gpg failed to sign the data"
 msgstr "gpg 无法为数据签名"
 
-#: grep.c:1320
+#: gpg-interface.c:115
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create temporary file '%s': %s"
+msgstr "不能创建临时文件 '%s':%s"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:118
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed writing detached signature to '%s': %s"
+msgstr "无法将分离式签名写入 '%s':%s"
+
+#: grep.c:1623
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': unable to read %s"
 msgstr "'%s':无法读取 %s"
 
-#: grep.c:1337
+#: grep.c:1640
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': %s"
 msgstr "'%s':%s"
 
-#: grep.c:1348
+#: grep.c:1651
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': short read %s"
 msgstr "'%s':读取不完整 %s"
 
-#: help.c:207
+#: help.c:212
 #, c-format
 msgid "available git commands in '%s'"
 msgstr "在 '%s' 下可用的 git 命令"
 
-#: help.c:214
+#: help.c:219
 msgid "git commands available from elsewhere on your $PATH"
 msgstr "在 $PATH 路径中的其他地方可用的 git 命令"
 
-#: help.c:270
+#: help.c:235
+msgid "The most commonly used git commands are:"
+msgstr "最常用的 git 命令有:"
+
+#: help.c:292
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s' appears to be a git command, but we were not\n"
@@ -311,11 +528,11 @@
 "'%s' 像是一个 git 命令,但却无法运行。\n"
 "可能是 git-%s 受损?"
 
-#: help.c:327
+#: help.c:349
 msgid "Uh oh. Your system reports no Git commands at all."
 msgstr "唉呀,您的系统中未发现 Git 命令。"
 
-#: help.c:349
+#: help.c:371
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "WARNING: You called a Git command named '%s', which does not exist.\n"
@@ -324,17 +541,17 @@
 "警告:您运行一个不存在的 Git 命令 '%s'。继续执行假定您要要运行的\n"
 "是 '%s'"
 
-#: help.c:354
+#: help.c:376
 #, c-format
 msgid "in %0.1f seconds automatically..."
 msgstr "在 %0.1f 秒钟后自动运行..."
 
-#: help.c:361
+#: help.c:383
 #, c-format
 msgid "git: '%s' is not a git command. See 'git --help'."
 msgstr "git:'%s' 不是一个 git 命令。参见 'git --help'。"
 
-#: help.c:365
+#: help.c:387
 msgid ""
 "\n"
 "Did you mean this?"
@@ -346,38 +563,324 @@
 "您指的是这个么?"
 msgstr[1] ""
 "\n"
-"您指的是这些其中一个么?"
+"您指的是这其中的某一个么?"
 
-#: parse-options.c:493
+#: merge.c:56
+msgid "failed to read the cache"
+msgstr "无法读取缓存"
+
+#: merge.c:110 builtin/checkout.c:365 builtin/checkout.c:566
+#: builtin/clone.c:645
+msgid "unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "无法写新的索引文件"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:190
+#, c-format
+msgid "(bad commit)\n"
+msgstr "(坏提交)\n"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:206
+#, c-format
+msgid "addinfo_cache failed for path '%s'"
+msgstr "为路径 '%s' addinfo_cache 失败"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:268
+msgid "error building trees"
+msgstr "无法创建树"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:672
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create path '%s'%s"
+msgstr "无法创建路径 '%s'%s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:683
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s to make room for subdirectory\n"
+msgstr "删除 %s 以便为子目录留出空间\n"
+
+#. something else exists
+#. .. but not some other error (who really cares what?)
+#: merge-recursive.c:697 merge-recursive.c:718
+msgid ": perhaps a D/F conflict?"
+msgstr ":可能是一个目录/文件冲突?"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:708
+#, c-format
+msgid "refusing to lose untracked file at '%s'"
+msgstr "拒绝丢弃 '%s' 中的未跟踪文件"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:748
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s '%s'"
+msgstr "不能读取对象 %s '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:750
+#, c-format
+msgid "blob expected for %s '%s'"
+msgstr "%s '%s' 应为数据(blob)对象"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:773 builtin/clone.c:313
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to open '%s'"
+msgstr "无法打开 '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:781
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to symlink '%s'"
+msgstr "无法创建符号链接 '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:784
+#, c-format
+msgid "do not know what to do with %06o %s '%s'"
+msgstr "不知道如何处理 %06o %s '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:922
+msgid "Failed to execute internal merge"
+msgstr "无法执行内部合并"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:926
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to add %s to database"
+msgstr "不能添加 %s 至对象库"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:942
+msgid "unsupported object type in the tree"
+msgstr "在树中有不支持的对象类型"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1021 merge-recursive.c:1035
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree."
+msgstr ""
+"冲突(%1$s/删除):%2$s 在 %3$s 中被删除,在 %5$s 中被 %4$s。%7$s 在 %6$s 中"
+"的版本被保留。"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1027 merge-recursive.c:1040
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree at %s."
+msgstr ""
+"冲突(%1$s/删除):%2$s 在 %3$s 中被删除,在 %5$s 中被 %4$s。%7$s 在 %6$s 中"
+"的版本保留于 %8$s 中。"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1081
+msgid "rename"
+msgstr "重命名"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1081
+msgid "renamed"
+msgstr "重命名"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1137
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is a directory in %s adding as %s instead"
+msgstr "%s 是 %s 中的一个目录而以 %s 为名被添加"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1159
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename \"%s\"->\"%s\" in branch \"%s\" rename \"%s"
+"\"->\"%s\" in \"%s\"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"冲突(重命名/重命名):在分支 \"%3$s\" 中重命名 \"%1$s\"->\"%2$s\",在分支 "
+"\"%6$s\" 中重命名 \"%4$s\"->\"%5$s\"%7$s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1164
+msgid " (left unresolved)"
+msgstr "(留下未解决)"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1218
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename %s->%s in %s. Rename %s->%s in %s"
+msgstr ""
+"冲突(重命名/重命名):在 %3$s 中重命名 %1$s->%2$s,在 %6$s 中重命名 %4$s->"
+"%5$s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1248
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renaming %s to %s and %s to %s instead"
+msgstr "而是重命名 %s 至 %s,以及 %s 至 %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1447
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/add): Rename %s->%s in %s. %s added in %s"
+msgstr "冲突(重命名/添加):在 %3$s 中重命名 %1$s->%2$s。在 %5$s 中添加 %4$s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1457
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding merged %s"
+msgstr "添加合并后的 %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1462 merge-recursive.c:1660
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding as %s instead"
+msgstr "而是以 %s 为名添加"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1513
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s"
+msgstr "不能读取对象 %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1516
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s is not a blob"
+msgstr "对象 %s 不是一个数据(blob)对象"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1564
+msgid "modify"
+msgstr "修改"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1564
+msgid "modified"
+msgstr "修改"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1574
+msgid "content"
+msgstr "内容"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1581
+msgid "add/add"
+msgstr "添加/添加"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1615
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipped %s (merged same as existing)"
+msgstr "略过 %s(已经做过相同合并)"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1629
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto-merging %s"
+msgstr "自动合并 %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1633 git-submodule.sh:1029
+msgid "submodule"
+msgstr "子模组"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1634
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (%s): Merge conflict in %s"
+msgstr "冲突(%s):合并冲突于 %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1724
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s"
+msgstr "删除 %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1749
+msgid "file/directory"
+msgstr "文件/目录"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1755
+msgid "directory/file"
+msgstr "目录/文件"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1760
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (%s): There is a directory with name %s in %s. Adding %s as %s"
+msgstr "冲突(%1$s):在 %3$s 中有一个名为 %2$s 的目录。以 %5$s 为名添加 %4$s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1770
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding %s"
+msgstr "添加 %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1787
+msgid "Fatal merge failure, shouldn't happen."
+msgstr "严重的合并错误,不应发生。"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1806
+msgid "Already up-to-date!"
+msgstr "已经是最新的!"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1815
+#, c-format
+msgid "merging of trees %s and %s failed"
+msgstr "无法合并树 %s 和 %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1845
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unprocessed path??? %s"
+msgstr "未处理的路径??? %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1890
+msgid "Merging:"
+msgstr "合并:"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1903
+#, c-format
+msgid "found %u common ancestor:"
+msgid_plural "found %u common ancestors:"
+msgstr[0] "发现 %u 个共同祖先:"
+msgstr[1] "发现 %u 个共同祖先:"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1940
+msgid "merge returned no commit"
+msgstr "合并未返回提交"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1997
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse object '%s'"
+msgstr "不能解析对象 '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:2009 builtin/merge.c:658
+msgid "Unable to write index."
+msgstr "不能写入索引。"
+
+#: object.c:195
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse object: %s"
+msgstr "不能解析对象:%s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:489
 msgid "..."
 msgstr "..."
 
-#: parse-options.c:511
+#: parse-options.c:507
 #, c-format
 msgid "usage: %s"
 msgstr "用法:%s"
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: the colon here should align with the
 #. one in "usage: %s" translation
-#: parse-options.c:515
+#: parse-options.c:511
 #, c-format
 msgid "   or: %s"
 msgstr "  或:%s"
 
 #  译者:为保证在输出中对齐,注意调整句中空格!
-#: parse-options.c:518
+#: parse-options.c:514
 #, c-format
 msgid "    %s"
 msgstr "    %s"
 
-#: remote.c:1629
+#: parse-options.c:548
+msgid "-NUM"
+msgstr "-数字"
+
+#: pathspec.c:83
+#, c-format
+msgid "Path '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
+msgstr "路径 '%s' 属于模组 '%.*s'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:99
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "'%s' 位于符号链接中"
+
+#: remote.c:1781
 #, c-format
 msgid "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commit.\n"
 msgid_plural "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commits.\n"
 msgstr[0] "您的分支领先 '%s' 共 %d 个提交。\n"
 msgstr[1] "您的分支领先 '%s' 共 %d 个提交。\n"
 
-#: remote.c:1635
+#: remote.c:1787
+msgid "  (use \"git push\" to publish your local commits)\n"
+msgstr "  (使用 \"git push\" 来发布您的本地提交)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1790
 #, c-format
 msgid "Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commit, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
 msgid_plural ""
@@ -385,7 +888,12 @@
 msgstr[0] "您的分支落后 '%s' 共 %d 个提交,并且可以快进。\n"
 msgstr[1] "您的分支落后 '%s' 共 %d 个提交,并且可以快进。\n"
 
-#: remote.c:1643
+#  译者:注意保持前导空格
+#: remote.c:1798
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to update your local branch)\n"
+msgstr "  (使用 \"git pull\" 来更新您的本地分支)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1801
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
@@ -395,24 +903,29 @@
 "and have %d and %d different commits each, respectively.\n"
 msgstr[0] ""
 "您的分支和 '%s' 出现了偏离,\n"
-"并且各自分别有 %d 和 %d 处不同的提交。\n"
+"并且分别有 %d 和 %d 处不同的提交。\n"
 msgstr[1] ""
 "您的分支和 '%s' 出现了偏离,\n"
-"并且各自分别有 %d 和 %d 处不同的提交。\n"
+"并且分别有 %d 和 %d 处不同的提交。\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:121 builtin/merge.c:865 builtin/merge.c:978
-#: builtin/merge.c:1088 builtin/merge.c:1098
+#  译者:注意保持前导空格
+#: remote.c:1811
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to merge the remote branch into yours)\n"
+msgstr "  (使用 \"git pull\" 来合并远程分支)\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:206 builtin/merge.c:776 builtin/merge.c:889 builtin/merge.c:999
+#: builtin/merge.c:1009
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing"
 msgstr "不能为写入打开 '%s'"
 
-#: sequencer.c:123 builtin/merge.c:333 builtin/merge.c:868
-#: builtin/merge.c:1090 builtin/merge.c:1103
+#: sequencer.c:208 builtin/merge.c:335 builtin/merge.c:779
+#: builtin/merge.c:1001 builtin/merge.c:1014
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not write to '%s'"
 msgstr "不能写入 '%s'"
 
-#: sequencer.c:144
+#: sequencer.c:229
 msgid ""
 "after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
 "with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'"
@@ -420,7 +933,7 @@
 "冲突解决完毕后,用 'git add <paths>' 或 'git rm <paths>'\n"
 "命令标记修正后的文件"
 
-#: sequencer.c:147
+#: sequencer.c:232
 msgid ""
 "after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
 "with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'\n"
@@ -429,667 +942,986 @@
 "冲突解决完毕后,用 'git add <paths>' 或 'git rm <paths>'\n"
 "对修正后的文件做标记,然后用 'git commit' 提交"
 
-#: sequencer.c:160 sequencer.c:758 sequencer.c:841
+#: sequencer.c:245 sequencer.c:859 sequencer.c:942
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not write to %s"
 msgstr "不能写入 %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:163
+#: sequencer.c:248
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error wrapping up %s"
 msgstr "错误收尾 %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:178
+#: sequencer.c:263
 msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by cherry-pick."
 msgstr "您的本地修改将被拣选操作覆盖。"
 
-#: sequencer.c:180
+#: sequencer.c:265
 msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by revert."
 msgstr "您的本地修改将被还原操作覆盖。"
 
-#: sequencer.c:183
+#: sequencer.c:268
 msgid "Commit your changes or stash them to proceed."
 msgstr "提交您的修改或保存进度后再继续。"
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: %s will be "revert" or "cherry-pick"
-#: sequencer.c:233
+#: sequencer.c:319
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: Unable to write new index file"
 msgstr "%s:无法写入新索引文件"
 
-#: sequencer.c:261
+#: sequencer.c:350
 msgid "Could not resolve HEAD commit\n"
 msgstr "不能解析 HEAD 提交\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:282
+#: sequencer.c:371
 msgid "Unable to update cache tree\n"
 msgstr "不能更新缓存\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:324
+#: sequencer.c:416
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse commit %s\n"
 msgstr "不能解析提交 %s\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:329
+#: sequencer.c:421
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse parent commit %s\n"
 msgstr "不能解析父提交 %s\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:395
+#: sequencer.c:487
 msgid "Your index file is unmerged."
 msgstr "您的索引文件未完成合并。"
 
-#: sequencer.c:398
-msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD"
-msgstr "您没有一个有效的 HEAD"
-
-#: sequencer.c:413
+#: sequencer.c:506
 #, c-format
 msgid "Commit %s is a merge but no -m option was given."
 msgstr "提交 %s 是一个合并提交但未提供 -m 选项。"
 
-#: sequencer.c:421
+#: sequencer.c:514
 #, c-format
 msgid "Commit %s does not have parent %d"
 msgstr "提交 %s 没有父提交 %d"
 
-#: sequencer.c:425
+#: sequencer.c:518
 #, c-format
 msgid "Mainline was specified but commit %s is not a merge."
 msgstr "指定了主线但提交 %s 不是一个合并。"
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: The first %s will be "revert" or
 #. "cherry-pick", the second %s a SHA1
-#: sequencer.c:436
+#: sequencer.c:531
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: cannot parse parent commit %s"
 msgstr "%s:不能解析父提交 %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:440
+#: sequencer.c:535
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot get commit message for %s"
 msgstr "不能得到 %s 的提交说明"
 
-#: sequencer.c:524
+#: sequencer.c:621
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not revert %s... %s"
 msgstr "不能还原 %s... %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:525
+#: sequencer.c:622
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not apply %s... %s"
 msgstr "不能应用 %s... %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:553
+#: sequencer.c:654
 msgid "empty commit set passed"
 msgstr "提供了空的提交集"
 
-#: sequencer.c:561
+#: sequencer.c:662
 #, c-format
 msgid "git %s: failed to read the index"
 msgstr "git %s:无法读取索引"
 
-#: sequencer.c:566
+#: sequencer.c:667
 #, c-format
 msgid "git %s: failed to refresh the index"
 msgstr "git %s:无法刷新索引"
 
-#: sequencer.c:624
+#: sequencer.c:725
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot %s during a %s"
 msgstr "无法 %s 在一个 %s 过程中"
 
-#: sequencer.c:646
+#: sequencer.c:747
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse line %d."
 msgstr "不能解析第 %d 行。"
 
-#: sequencer.c:651
+#: sequencer.c:752
 msgid "No commits parsed."
 msgstr "没有提交被解析。"
 
-#: sequencer.c:664
+#: sequencer.c:765
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not open %s"
 msgstr "不能打开 %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:668
+#: sequencer.c:769
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not read %s."
 msgstr "不能读取 %s。"
 
-#: sequencer.c:675
+#: sequencer.c:776
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unusable instruction sheet: %s"
 msgstr "无用的指令表单:%s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:703
+#: sequencer.c:804
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid key: %s"
 msgstr "无效键名:%s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:706
+#: sequencer.c:807
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid value for %s: %s"
 msgstr "%s 的值无效:%s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:718
+#: sequencer.c:819
 #, c-format
 msgid "Malformed options sheet: %s"
 msgstr "非法的选项表单:%s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:739
+#: sequencer.c:840
 msgid "a cherry-pick or revert is already in progress"
 msgstr "一个拣选或还原操作已在进行"
 
-#: sequencer.c:740
+#: sequencer.c:841
 msgid "try \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
 msgstr "尝试 \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
 
-#: sequencer.c:744
+#: sequencer.c:845
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not create sequencer directory %s"
 msgstr "不能创建序列目录 %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:760 sequencer.c:845
+#: sequencer.c:861 sequencer.c:946
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error wrapping up %s."
 msgstr "错误收尾 %s。"
 
-#: sequencer.c:779 sequencer.c:913
+#: sequencer.c:880 sequencer.c:1014
 msgid "no cherry-pick or revert in progress"
-msgstr "没有拣选或还原操作在进行"
+msgstr "拣选或还原操作并未进行"
 
-#: sequencer.c:781
+#: sequencer.c:882
 msgid "cannot resolve HEAD"
 msgstr "不能解析 HEAD"
 
-#: sequencer.c:783
+#: sequencer.c:884
 msgid "cannot abort from a branch yet to be born"
 msgstr "不能从尚未建立的分支终止"
 
-#: sequencer.c:805 builtin/apply.c:3697
+#: sequencer.c:906 builtin/apply.c:4060
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open %s: %s"
 msgstr "不能打开 %s:%s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:808
+#: sequencer.c:909
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read %s: %s"
 msgstr "不能读取 %s:%s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:809
+#: sequencer.c:910
 msgid "unexpected end of file"
-msgstr "未预期的文件结束"
+msgstr "意外的文件结束"
 
-#: sequencer.c:815
+#: sequencer.c:916
 #, c-format
 msgid "stored pre-cherry-pick HEAD file '%s' is corrupt"
 msgstr "保存拣选提交前的 HEAD 文件 '%s' 损坏"
 
-#: sequencer.c:838
+#: sequencer.c:939
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not format %s."
 msgstr "不能格式化 %s。"
 
-#: sequencer.c:1000
+#: sequencer.c:1083
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: can't cherry-pick a %s"
+msgstr "%s:不能拣选一个%s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1085
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: bad revision"
+msgstr "%s:错误的版本"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1119
 msgid "Can't revert as initial commit"
 msgstr "不能作为初始提交还原"
 
-#: sequencer.c:1001
+#: sequencer.c:1120
 msgid "Can't cherry-pick into empty head"
 msgstr "不能拣选到空分支"
 
-#: sha1_name.c:864
+#: sha1_name.c:1036
 msgid "HEAD does not point to a branch"
 msgstr "HEAD 没有指向一个分支"
 
-#: sha1_name.c:867
+#: sha1_name.c:1039
 #, c-format
 msgid "No such branch: '%s'"
 msgstr "没有此分支:'%s'"
 
-#: sha1_name.c:869
+#: sha1_name.c:1041
 #, c-format
 msgid "No upstream configured for branch '%s'"
 msgstr "尚未给分支 '%s' 设置上游"
 
-#: sha1_name.c:872
+#: sha1_name.c:1044
 #, c-format
 msgid "Upstream branch '%s' not stored as a remote-tracking branch"
 msgstr "上游分支 '%s' 没有存储为一个远程跟踪分支"
 
-#: wrapper.c:413
+#: wrapper.c:408
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s': %s"
+msgstr "不能访问 '%s':%s"
+
+#: wrapper.c:423
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s'"
+msgstr "不能访问 '%s'"
+
+#: wrapper.c:434
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to look up current user in the passwd file: %s"
-msgstr "无法在 passwd 文件中查询到当前用户:%s"
+msgstr "无法在口令文件中查询到当前用户:%s"
 
-#: wrapper.c:414
+#: wrapper.c:435
 msgid "no such user"
 msgstr "无此用户"
 
-#: wt-status.c:135
+#: wt-status.c:140
 msgid "Unmerged paths:"
 msgstr "未合并的路径:"
 
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:141 wt-status.c:158
+#: wt-status.c:167 wt-status.c:194
 #, c-format
 msgid "  (use \"git reset %s <file>...\" to unstage)"
 msgstr "  (使用 \"git reset %s <file>...\" 撤出暂存区)"
 
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:143 wt-status.c:160
+#: wt-status.c:169 wt-status.c:196
 msgid "  (use \"git rm --cached <file>...\" to unstage)"
 msgstr "  (使用 \"git rm --cached <file>...\" 撤出暂存区)"
 
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:144
+#: wt-status.c:173
+msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr "  (使用 \"git add <file>...\" 标记解决方案)"
+
+#  译者:注意保持前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:175 wt-status.c:179
 msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" as appropriate to mark resolution)"
 msgstr "  (酌情使用 \"git add/rm <file>...\" 标记解决方案)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:152
+#  译者:注意保持前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:177
+msgid "  (use \"git rm <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr "  (使用 \"git rm <file>...\" 标记解决方案)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:188
 msgid "Changes to be committed:"
 msgstr "要提交的变更:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:170
+#: wt-status.c:206
 msgid "Changes not staged for commit:"
 msgstr "尚未暂存以备提交的变更:"
 
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:174
+#: wt-status.c:210
 msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
 msgstr "  (使用 \"git add <file>...\" 更新要提交的内容)"
 
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:176
+#: wt-status.c:212
 msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
 msgstr "  (使用 \"git add/rm <file>...\" 更新要提交的内容)"
 
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:177
+#: wt-status.c:213
 msgid ""
 "  (use \"git checkout -- <file>...\" to discard changes in working directory)"
 msgstr "  (使用 \"git checkout -- <file>...\" 丢弃工作区的改动)"
 
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:179
+#: wt-status.c:215
 msgid "  (commit or discard the untracked or modified content in submodules)"
 msgstr "  (提交或丢弃子模组中未跟踪或修改的内容)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:188
-#, c-format
-msgid "%s files:"
-msgstr "%s文件:"
-
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:191
+#: wt-status.c:227
 #, c-format
 msgid "  (use \"git %s <file>...\" to include in what will be committed)"
 msgstr "  (使用 \"git %s <file>...\" 以包含要提交的内容)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:208
+#: wt-status.c:244
 msgid "bug"
 msgstr "bug"
 
-#: wt-status.c:213
+#: wt-status.c:249
 msgid "both deleted:"
 msgstr "双方删除:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:214
+#: wt-status.c:250
 msgid "added by us:"
 msgstr "由我们添加:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:215
+#: wt-status.c:251
 msgid "deleted by them:"
 msgstr "由他们删除:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:216
+#: wt-status.c:252
 msgid "added by them:"
 msgstr "由他们添加:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:217
+#: wt-status.c:253
 msgid "deleted by us:"
 msgstr "由我们删除:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:218
+#: wt-status.c:254
 msgid "both added:"
 msgstr "双方添加:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:219
+#: wt-status.c:255
 msgid "both modified:"
 msgstr "双方修改:"
 
 #  译者:末尾两个字节可能被删减,如果翻译为中文标点会出现半个汉字
-#: wt-status.c:249
+#: wt-status.c:285
 msgid "new commits, "
 msgstr "新提交, "
 
 #  译者:末尾两个字节可能被删减,如果翻译为中文标点会出现半个汉字
-#: wt-status.c:251
+#: wt-status.c:287
 msgid "modified content, "
 msgstr "修改的内容, "
 
 #  译者:末尾两个字节可能被删减,如果翻译为中文标点会出现半个汉字
-#: wt-status.c:253
+#: wt-status.c:289
 msgid "untracked content, "
 msgstr "未跟踪的内容, "
 
 #  译者:为保证在输出中对齐,注意调整句中空格!
-#: wt-status.c:267
+#: wt-status.c:306
 #, c-format
 msgid "new file:   %s"
 msgstr "新文件:    %s"
 
 #  译者:为保证在输出中对齐,注意调整句中空格!
-#: wt-status.c:270
+#: wt-status.c:309
 #, c-format
 msgid "copied:     %s -> %s"
 msgstr "拷贝:      %s -> %s"
 
 #  译者:为保证在输出中对齐,注意调整句中空格!
-#: wt-status.c:273
+#: wt-status.c:312
 #, c-format
 msgid "deleted:    %s"
 msgstr "删除:      %s"
 
 #  译者:为保证在输出中对齐,注意调整句中空格!
-#: wt-status.c:276
+#: wt-status.c:315
 #, c-format
 msgid "modified:   %s"
 msgstr "修改:      %s"
 
 #  译者:为保证在输出中对齐,注意调整句中空格!
-#: wt-status.c:279
+#: wt-status.c:318
 #, c-format
 msgid "renamed:    %s -> %s"
 msgstr "重命名:    %s -> %s"
 
 #  译者:为保证在输出中对齐,注意调整句中空格!
-#: wt-status.c:282
+#: wt-status.c:321
 #, c-format
 msgid "typechange: %s"
 msgstr "类型变更:  %s"
 
 #  译者:为保证在输出中对齐,注意调整句中空格!
-#: wt-status.c:285
+#: wt-status.c:324
 #, c-format
 msgid "unknown:    %s"
 msgstr "未知:      %s"
 
 #  译者:为保证在输出中对齐,注意调整句中空格!
-#: wt-status.c:288
+#: wt-status.c:327
 #, c-format
 msgid "unmerged:   %s"
 msgstr "未合并:    %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:291
+#: wt-status.c:330
 #, c-format
 msgid "bug: unhandled diff status %c"
 msgstr "bug:未处理的差异状态 %c"
 
-#: wt-status.c:737
+#: wt-status.c:803
+msgid "You have unmerged paths."
+msgstr "您有尚未合并的路径。"
+
+#  译者:注意保持前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:806 wt-status.c:958
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git commit\")"
+msgstr "  (解决冲突并运行 \"git commit\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:809
+msgid "All conflicts fixed but you are still merging."
+msgstr "所有冲突已解决但您仍处于合并中。"
+
+#  译者:注意保持前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:812
+msgid "  (use \"git commit\" to conclude merge)"
+msgstr "  (使用 \"git commit\" 结束合并)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:822
+msgid "You are in the middle of an am session."
+msgstr "您正处于一个 am 过程中。"
+
+#: wt-status.c:825
+msgid "The current patch is empty."
+msgstr "当前的补丁为空。"
+
+#  译者:注意保持前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:829
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --resolved\")"
+msgstr "  (解决冲突,然后运行 \"git am --resolved\")"
+
+#  译者:注意保持前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:831
+msgid "  (use \"git am --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr "  (使用 \"git am --skip\" 跳过此补丁)"
+
+#  译者:注意保持前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:833
+msgid "  (use \"git am --abort\" to restore the original branch)"
+msgstr "  (使用 \"git am --abort\" 恢复原有分支)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:893 wt-status.c:910
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr "您正在将分支 '%s' 变基到 '%s'。"
+
+#: wt-status.c:898 wt-status.c:915
+msgid "You are currently rebasing."
+msgstr "您正在变基。"
+
+#  译者:注意保持前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:901
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (解决冲突,然后运行 \"git rebase --continue\")"
+
+#  译者:注意保持前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:903
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr "  (使用 \"git rebase --skip\" 跳过此补丁)"
+
+#  译者:注意保持前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:905
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --abort\" to check out the original branch)"
+msgstr "  (使用 \"git rebase --abort\" 以检出原有分支)"
+
+#  译者:注意保持前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:918
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (所有冲突已解决:运行 \"git rebase --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:922
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr "您正在将分支 '%s' 变基到 '%s' 过程中拆分一个提交。"
+
+#: wt-status.c:927
+msgid "You are currently splitting a commit during a rebase."
+msgstr "您正在变基过程中拆分一个提交。"
+
+#  译者:注意保持前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:930
+msgid "  (Once your working directory is clean, run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (一旦您工作目录提交干净后,运行 \"git rebase --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:934
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr "您正在将分支 '%s' 变基到 '%s' 过程中编辑一个提交。"
+
+#: wt-status.c:939
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit during a rebase."
+msgstr "您正在变基过程中编辑一个提交。"
+
+#  译者:注意保持前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:942
+msgid "  (use \"git commit --amend\" to amend the current commit)"
+msgstr "  (使用 \"git commit --amend\" 修补当前提交)"
+
+#  译者:注意保持前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:944
+msgid ""
+"  (use \"git rebase --continue\" once you are satisfied with your changes)"
+msgstr "  (当您对您的修改满意后执行 \"git rebase --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:954
+msgid "You are currently cherry-picking."
+msgstr "您正在做拣选操作。"
+
+#  译者:注意保持前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:961
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git commit\")"
+msgstr "  (解决所有冲突后,执行 \"git commit\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:970
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently reverting commit %s."
+msgstr "您正在反转提交 %s 。"
+
+#  译者:注意保持前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:975
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (解决冲突并运行 \"git revert --continue\")"
+
+#  译者:注意保持前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:978
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (所有冲突已解决:运行 \"git revert --continue\")"
+
+#  译者:注意保持前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:980
+msgid "  (use \"git revert --abort\" to cancel the revert operation)"
+msgstr "  (使用 \"git revert --abort\" 以取消反转提交操作)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:991
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently bisecting, started from branch '%s'."
+msgstr "您正在从分支 '%s' 开始做二分查找。"
+
+#: wt-status.c:995
+msgid "You are currently bisecting."
+msgstr "您正在做二分查找。"
+
+#  译者:注意保持前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:998
+msgid "  (use \"git bisect reset\" to get back to the original branch)"
+msgstr "  (使用 \"git bisect reset\" 以回到原有分支)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1173
 msgid "On branch "
 msgstr "位于分支 "
 
-#: wt-status.c:744
+#: wt-status.c:1184
+msgid "HEAD detached at "
+msgstr "头指针分离于 "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1186
+msgid "HEAD detached from "
+msgstr "头指针分离自 "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1189
 msgid "Not currently on any branch."
 msgstr "当前不在任何分支上。"
 
-#: wt-status.c:755
+#: wt-status.c:1206
 msgid "Initial commit"
 msgstr "初始提交"
 
-#: wt-status.c:769
-msgid "Untracked"
-msgstr "未跟踪的"
+#: wt-status.c:1220
+msgid "Untracked files"
+msgstr "未跟踪的文件"
 
-#: wt-status.c:771
-msgid "Ignored"
-msgstr "忽略的"
+#: wt-status.c:1222
+msgid "Ignored files"
+msgstr "忽略的文件"
 
-#: wt-status.c:773
+#: wt-status.c:1226
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files. 'status -uno'\n"
+"may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add\n"
+"new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+msgstr ""
+"耗费了 %.2f 秒以枚举未跟踪的文件。'status -uno' 也许能提高速度,\n"
+"但您需要小心不要忘了添加新文件(参见 'git help status')。"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1232
 #, c-format
 msgid "Untracked files not listed%s"
 msgstr "未跟踪的文件没有列出%s"
 
 #  译者:中文字符串拼接,可删除前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:775
+#: wt-status.c:1234
 msgid " (use -u option to show untracked files)"
 msgstr "(使用 -u 参数显示未跟踪的文件)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:781
+#: wt-status.c:1240
 msgid "No changes"
 msgstr "没有修改"
 
-#: wt-status.c:785
+#: wt-status.c:1245
 #, c-format
-msgid "no changes added to commit%s\n"
-msgstr "修改尚未加入提交%s\n"
+msgid "no changes added to commit (use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")\n"
+msgstr "修改尚未加入提交(使用 \"git add\" 和/或 \"git commit -a\")\n"
 
-#  译者:中文字符串拼接,可删除前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:787
-msgid " (use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")"
-msgstr "(使用 \"git add\" 和/或 \"git commit -a\")"
-
-#: wt-status.c:789
+#: wt-status.c:1248
 #, c-format
-msgid "nothing added to commit but untracked files present%s\n"
-msgstr "空提交但存在未跟踪文件%s\n"
+msgid "no changes added to commit\n"
+msgstr "修改尚未加入提交\n"
 
-#  译者:中文字符串拼接,可删除前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:791
-msgid " (use \"git add\" to track)"
-msgstr "(使用 \"git add\" 建立跟踪)"
-
-#: wt-status.c:793 wt-status.c:796 wt-status.c:799
+#: wt-status.c:1251
 #, c-format
-msgid "nothing to commit%s\n"
-msgstr "无须提交%s\n"
+msgid ""
+"nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use \"git add\" to "
+"track)\n"
+msgstr "提交为空,但是存在尚未跟踪的文件(使用 \"git add\" 建立跟踪)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1254
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing added to commit but untracked files present\n"
+msgstr "提交为空,但是存在尚未跟踪的文件\n"
 
 #  译者:中文字符串拼接,可删除前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:794
-msgid " (create/copy files and use \"git add\" to track)"
-msgstr "(新建/拷贝的文件使用 \"git add\" 建立跟踪)"
+#: wt-status.c:1257
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (create/copy files and use \"git add\" to track)\n"
+msgstr "无文件要提交(创建/拷贝文件并使用 \"git add\" 建立跟踪)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1260 wt-status.c:1265
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit\n"
+msgstr "无文件要提交\n"
 
 #  译者:中文字符串拼接,可删除前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:797
-msgid " (use -u to show untracked files)"
-msgstr "(使用 -u 显示未跟踪文件)"
+#: wt-status.c:1263
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)\n"
+msgstr "无文件要提交(使用 -u 显示未跟踪的文件)\n"
 
 #  译者:中文字符串拼接,可删除前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:800
-msgid " (working directory clean)"
-msgstr "(干净的工作区)"
+#: wt-status.c:1267
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit, working directory clean\n"
+msgstr "无文件要提交,干净的工作区\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:908
+#: wt-status.c:1375
 msgid "HEAD (no branch)"
 msgstr "HEAD(非分支)"
 
 #  译者:注意保持句尾空格
-#: wt-status.c:914
+#: wt-status.c:1381
 msgid "Initial commit on "
 msgstr "初始提交于 "
 
 #  译者:注意保持句尾空格
-#: wt-status.c:929
+#: wt-status.c:1396
 msgid "behind "
 msgstr "落后 "
 
 #  译者:注意保持句尾空格
-#: wt-status.c:932 wt-status.c:935
+#: wt-status.c:1399 wt-status.c:1402
 msgid "ahead "
 msgstr "领先 "
 
 #  译者:注意保持句尾空格
-#: wt-status.c:937
+#: wt-status.c:1404
 msgid ", behind "
 msgstr ",落后 "
 
-#: builtin/add.c:62
+#: compat/precompose_utf8.c:58 builtin/clone.c:352
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to unlink '%s'"
+msgstr "无法删除 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:20
+msgid "git add [options] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git add [选项] [--] <路径匹配>..."
+
+#  译者:字符串首行行首要添加“warning: ”字串,故此首行要较其余行短
+#.
+#. * To be consistent with "git add -p" and most Git
+#. * commands, we should default to being tree-wide, but
+#. * this is not the original behavior and can't be
+#. * changed until users trained themselves not to type
+#. * "git add -u" or "git add -A". For now, we warn and
+#. * keep the old behavior. Later, the behavior can be changed
+#. * to tree-wide, keeping the warning for a while, and
+#. * eventually we can drop the warning.
+#.
+#: builtin/add.c:58
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The behavior of 'git add %s (or %s)' with no path argument from a\n"
+"subdirectory of the tree will change in Git 2.0 and should not be used "
+"anymore.\n"
+"To add content for the whole tree, run:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s :/\n"
+"  (or git add %s :/)\n"
+"\n"
+"To restrict the command to the current directory, run:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s .\n"
+"  (or git add %s .)\n"
+"\n"
+"With the current Git version, the command is restricted to the current "
+"directory.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"在 Git 2.0 版本,位于一个子目录下不带任何路径参数地执行命令\n"
+"'git add %s (或 %s)' 的行为将被改变,不要再继续使用了。\n"
+"如果要添加整个目录树的内容,执行:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s :/\n"
+"  (或 git add %s :/)\n"
+"\n"
+"如果要限制该命令只作用于当前目录,执行:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s .\n"
+"  (或 git add %s .)\n"
+"\n"
+"对于当前版本的 Git,这条命令只作用于当前目录。\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You ran 'git add' with neither '-A (--all)' or '--ignore-removal',\n"
+"whose behaviour will change in Git 2.0 with respect to paths you removed.\n"
+"Paths like '%s' that are\n"
+"removed from your working tree are ignored with this version of Git.\n"
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --ignore-removal <pathspec>', which is the current default,\n"
+"  ignores paths you removed from your working tree.\n"
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --all <pathspec>' will let you also record the removals.\n"
+"\n"
+"Run 'git status' to check the paths you removed from your working tree.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"您在运行 'git add' 时没有指定 '-A (--all)' 或 '--ignore-removal',\n"
+"针对其中本地移除路径的行为将在 Git 2.0 版本库发生变化。\n"
+"像本地工作区移除的路径 '%s'\n"
+"在此版本的 Git 中被忽略。\n"
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --ignore-removal <pathspec>',是当前版本的默认操作,\n"
+"  忽略您本地工作区中移除的文件。\n"
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --all <pathspec>' 将让您同时对删除操作进行记录。\n"
+"\n"
+"运行 'git status' 来检查您本地工作区中移除的路径。\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:144
 #, c-format
 msgid "unexpected diff status %c"
 msgstr "意外的差异状态 %c"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:67 builtin/commit.c:226
+#: builtin/add.c:149 builtin/commit.c:233
 msgid "updating files failed"
 msgstr "更新文件失败"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:77
+#: builtin/add.c:163
 #, c-format
 msgid "remove '%s'\n"
 msgstr "删除 '%s'\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:176
-#, c-format
-msgid "Path '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
-msgstr "路径 '%s' 属于模组 '%.*s'"
-
-#: builtin/add.c:192
+#: builtin/add.c:253
 msgid "Unstaged changes after refreshing the index:"
 msgstr "刷新索引之后尚未被暂存的变更:"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:195 builtin/add.c:456 builtin/rm.c:186
+#: builtin/add.c:256 builtin/add.c:572 builtin/rm.c:275
 #, c-format
 msgid "pathspec '%s' did not match any files"
 msgstr "路径 '%s' 未匹配任何文件"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:209
-#, c-format
-msgid "'%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
-msgstr "'%s' 位于符号链接中"
-
-#: builtin/add.c:276
+#: builtin/add.c:339
 msgid "Could not read the index"
 msgstr "不能读取索引"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:286
+#: builtin/add.c:349
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing."
-msgstr "不能为写入打开 '%s'。"
+msgstr "不能打开 '%s' 以写入。"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:290
+#: builtin/add.c:353
 msgid "Could not write patch"
-msgstr "不能写补丁"
+msgstr "不能生成补丁"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:295
+#: builtin/add.c:358
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not stat '%s'"
 msgstr "不能查看文件状态 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:297
+#: builtin/add.c:360
 msgid "Empty patch. Aborted."
 msgstr "空补丁。异常终止。"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:303
+#: builtin/add.c:366
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not apply '%s'"
 msgstr "不能应用 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:312
+#: builtin/add.c:376
 msgid "The following paths are ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
-msgstr "下列路径被您的一个 .gitignore 文件所忽略:\n"
+msgstr "下列路径根据您的一个 .gitignore 文件而被忽略:\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:352
+#: builtin/add.c:393 builtin/clean.c:161 builtin/fetch.c:78 builtin/mv.c:63
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:76 builtin/push.c:425 builtin/remote.c:1253
+#: builtin/rm.c:206
+msgid "dry run"
+msgstr "演习"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:394 builtin/apply.c:4409 builtin/check-ignore.c:19
+#: builtin/commit.c:1152 builtin/count-objects.c:95 builtin/fsck.c:613
+#: builtin/log.c:1518 builtin/mv.c:62 builtin/read-tree.c:112
+msgid "be verbose"
+msgstr "冗长输出"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:396
+msgid "interactive picking"
+msgstr "交互式拣选"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:397 builtin/checkout.c:1063 builtin/reset.c:258
+msgid "select hunks interactively"
+msgstr "交互式挑选数据块"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:398
+msgid "edit current diff and apply"
+msgstr "编辑当前差异并应用"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:399
+msgid "allow adding otherwise ignored files"
+msgstr "允许添加忽略的文件"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:400
+msgid "update tracked files"
+msgstr "更新已跟踪的文件"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:401
+msgid "record only the fact that the path will be added later"
+msgstr "只记录,该路径稍后再添加"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:402
+msgid "add changes from all tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr "添加所有改变的已跟踪文件和未跟踪文件"
+
+#. takes no arguments
+#: builtin/add.c:405
+msgid "ignore paths removed in the working tree (same as --no-all)"
+msgstr "忽略工作区中移除的路径(和 --no-all 相同)"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:407
+msgid "don't add, only refresh the index"
+msgstr "不添加,只刷新索引"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:408
+msgid "just skip files which cannot be added because of errors"
+msgstr "跳过因出错不能添加的文件"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:409
+msgid "check if - even missing - files are ignored in dry run"
+msgstr "检查在演习模式下文件(即使不存在)是否被忽略"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:431
 #, c-format
 msgid "Use -f if you really want to add them.\n"
 msgstr "使用 -f 参数如果您确实要添加它们。\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:353
+#: builtin/add.c:432
 msgid "no files added"
 msgstr "没有文件被添加"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:359
+#: builtin/add.c:438
 msgid "adding files failed"
 msgstr "添加文件失败"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:391
+#: builtin/add.c:477
 msgid "-A and -u are mutually incompatible"
 msgstr "-A 和 -u 选项互斥"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:393
+#: builtin/add.c:495
 msgid "Option --ignore-missing can only be used together with --dry-run"
-msgstr "选项 --ignore-missing 只能和 --dry-run 共用"
+msgstr "选项 --ignore-missing 只能和 --dry-run 同时使用"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:413
+#: builtin/add.c:525
 #, c-format
 msgid "Nothing specified, nothing added.\n"
 msgstr "没有指定文件,也没有文件被添加。\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:414
+#: builtin/add.c:526
 #, c-format
 msgid "Maybe you wanted to say 'git add .'?\n"
 msgstr "也许您想要执行 'git add .'?\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:420 builtin/clean.c:95 builtin/commit.c:286 builtin/mv.c:82
-#: builtin/rm.c:162
+#: builtin/add.c:532 builtin/check-ignore.c:66 builtin/clean.c:204
+#: builtin/commit.c:293 builtin/mv.c:82 builtin/rm.c:235
 msgid "index file corrupt"
 msgstr "索引文件损坏"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:476 builtin/apply.c:4108 builtin/mv.c:229 builtin/rm.c:260
+#: builtin/add.c:604 builtin/apply.c:4505 builtin/mv.c:229 builtin/rm.c:370
 msgid "Unable to write new index file"
 msgstr "无法写入新索引文件"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:53
+#: builtin/apply.c:57
 msgid "git apply [options] [<patch>...]"
 msgstr "git apply [选项] [<补丁>...]"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:106
+#: builtin/apply.c:110
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized whitespace option '%s'"
 msgstr "未能识别的空白字符选项 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:121
+#: builtin/apply.c:125
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized whitespace ignore option '%s'"
 msgstr "未能识别的空白字符忽略选项 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:815
+#: builtin/apply.c:823
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot prepare timestamp regexp %s"
 msgstr "无法准备时间戳正则表达式 %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:824
+#: builtin/apply.c:832
 #, c-format
 msgid "regexec returned %d for input: %s"
 msgstr "regexec 返回 %d,输入为:%s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:905
+#: builtin/apply.c:913
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to find filename in patch at line %d"
 msgstr "不能在补丁的第 %d 行找到文件名"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:937
+#: builtin/apply.c:945
 #, c-format
 msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null, got %s on line %d"
-msgstr "git apply:错误的 git-diff - 期望 /dev/null,但在第 %2$d 行得到 %1$s"
+msgstr "git apply:错误的 git-diff - 应为 /dev/null,但在第 %2$d 行得到 %1$s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:941
+#: builtin/apply.c:949
 #, c-format
 msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent new filename on line %d"
 msgstr "git apply:错误的 git-diff - 第 %d 行上新文件名不一致"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:942
+#: builtin/apply.c:950
 #, c-format
 msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent old filename on line %d"
 msgstr "git apply:错误的 git-diff - 第 %d 行上旧文件名不一致"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:949
+#: builtin/apply.c:957
 #, c-format
 msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null on line %d"
-msgstr "git apply:错误的 git-diff - 期望 /dev/null 于第 %d 行"
+msgstr "git apply:错误的 git-diff - 第 %d 行处应为 /dev/null"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1394
+#: builtin/apply.c:1422
 #, c-format
 msgid "recount: unexpected line: %.*s"
 msgstr "recount:意外的行:%.*s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1451
+#: builtin/apply.c:1479
 #, c-format
 msgid "patch fragment without header at line %d: %.*s"
 msgstr "第 %d 行的补丁片段没有头信息:%.*s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1468
+#: builtin/apply.c:1496
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
@@ -1100,82 +1932,78 @@
 msgstr[0] "当移除 %d 个前导路径后 git diff 头缺乏文件名信息(第 %d 行)"
 msgstr[1] "当移除 %d 个前导路径后 git diff 头缺乏文件名信息(第 %d 行)"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1628
+#: builtin/apply.c:1656
 msgid "new file depends on old contents"
 msgstr "新文件依赖旧内容"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1630
+#: builtin/apply.c:1658
 msgid "deleted file still has contents"
 msgstr "删除的文件仍有内容"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1656
+#: builtin/apply.c:1684
 #, c-format
 msgid "corrupt patch at line %d"
-msgstr "补丁损坏位于第 %d 行"
+msgstr "补丁在第 %d 行损坏"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1692
+#: builtin/apply.c:1720
 #, c-format
 msgid "new file %s depends on old contents"
 msgstr "新文件 %s 依赖旧内容"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1694
+#: builtin/apply.c:1722
 #, c-format
 msgid "deleted file %s still has contents"
 msgstr "删除的文件 %s 仍有内容"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1697
+#: builtin/apply.c:1725
 #, c-format
 msgid "** warning: file %s becomes empty but is not deleted"
 msgstr "** 警告:文件 %s 成为空文件但并未删除"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1843
+#: builtin/apply.c:1871
 #, c-format
 msgid "corrupt binary patch at line %d: %.*s"
 msgstr "二进制补丁在第 %d 行损坏:%.*s"
 
 #. there has to be one hunk (forward hunk)
-#: builtin/apply.c:1872
+#: builtin/apply.c:1900
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized binary patch at line %d"
 msgstr "未能识别的二进制补丁位于第 %d 行"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1958
+#: builtin/apply.c:1986
 #, c-format
 msgid "patch with only garbage at line %d"
 msgstr "补丁文件的第 %d 行只有垃圾数据"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2048
+#: builtin/apply.c:2076
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to read symlink %s"
 msgstr "无法读取符号链接 %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2052
+#: builtin/apply.c:2080
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to open or read %s"
 msgstr "不能打开或读取 %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2123
-msgid "oops"
-msgstr "哎哟"
-
-#: builtin/apply.c:2645
+#: builtin/apply.c:2688
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid start of line: '%c'"
 msgstr "无效的行首字符:'%c'"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2763
+#: builtin/apply.c:2806
 #, c-format
 msgid "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d line)."
 msgid_plural "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d lines)."
-msgstr[0] "块 #%d 成功应用于 %d (偏移 %d 行)"
-msgstr[1] "块 #%d 成功应用于 %d (偏移 %d 行)"
+msgstr[0] "块 #%d 成功应用于 %d(偏移 %d 行)"
+msgstr[1] "块 #%d 成功应用于 %d(偏移 %d 行)"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2775
+#: builtin/apply.c:2818
 #, c-format
 msgid "Context reduced to (%ld/%ld) to apply fragment at %d"
 msgstr "上下文减少到(%ld/%ld)以在第 %d 行应用补丁片段"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2781
+#: builtin/apply.c:2824
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "while searching for:\n"
@@ -1184,313 +2012,318 @@
 "当查询:\n"
 "%.*s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2800
+#: builtin/apply.c:2843
 #, c-format
 msgid "missing binary patch data for '%s'"
 msgstr "缺失 '%s' 的二进制补丁数据"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2903
+#: builtin/apply.c:2946
 #, c-format
 msgid "binary patch does not apply to '%s'"
 msgstr "二进制补丁未应用到 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2909
+#: builtin/apply.c:2952
 #, c-format
 msgid "binary patch to '%s' creates incorrect result (expecting %s, got %s)"
-msgstr "到 '%s' 的二进制补丁产生了不正确的结果(预期 %s,得到 %s)"
+msgstr "到 '%s' 的二进制补丁产生了不正确的结果(应为 %s,却为 %s)"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2930
+#: builtin/apply.c:2973
 #, c-format
 msgid "patch failed: %s:%ld"
 msgstr "打补丁失败:%s:%ld"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3045
+#: builtin/apply.c:3095
 #, c-format
-msgid "patch %s has been renamed/deleted"
-msgstr "补丁 %s 已经被重命名/删除"
+msgid "cannot checkout %s"
+msgstr "不能检出 %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3052 builtin/apply.c:3069
+#: builtin/apply.c:3140 builtin/apply.c:3149 builtin/apply.c:3193
 #, c-format
 msgid "read of %s failed"
 msgstr "读取 %s 失败"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3084
-msgid "removal patch leaves file contents"
-msgstr "移除补丁仍留下了文件内容"
-
-#: builtin/apply.c:3105
+#: builtin/apply.c:3173 builtin/apply.c:3395
 #, c-format
-msgid "%s: already exists in working directory"
-msgstr "%s:已经存在于工作区中"
+msgid "path %s has been renamed/deleted"
+msgstr "路径 %s 已经被重命名/删除"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3143
-#, c-format
-msgid "%s: has been deleted/renamed"
-msgstr "%s:已经被删除/重命名"
-
-#: builtin/apply.c:3148 builtin/apply.c:3179
-#, c-format
-msgid "%s: %s"
-msgstr "%s:%s"
-
-#: builtin/apply.c:3159
+#: builtin/apply.c:3254 builtin/apply.c:3409
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: does not exist in index"
 msgstr "%s:不存在于索引中"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3173
+#: builtin/apply.c:3258 builtin/apply.c:3401 builtin/apply.c:3423
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s"
+msgstr "%s:%s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3263 builtin/apply.c:3417
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: does not match index"
 msgstr "%s:和索引不匹配"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3190
+#: builtin/apply.c:3365
+msgid "removal patch leaves file contents"
+msgstr "移除补丁仍留下了文件内容"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3434
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: wrong type"
 msgstr "%s:错误类型"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3192
+#: builtin/apply.c:3436
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s has type %o, expected %o"
-msgstr "%s 的类型是 %o,预期是 %o"
+msgstr "%s 的类型是 %o,应为 %o"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3247
+#: builtin/apply.c:3537
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: already exists in index"
 msgstr "%s:已经存在于索引中"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3267
+#: builtin/apply.c:3540
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in working directory"
+msgstr "%s:已经存在于工作区中"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3560
 #, c-format
 msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o)"
 msgstr "%2$s 的新模式(%1$o)和旧模式(%3$o)不匹配"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3272
+#: builtin/apply.c:3565
 #, c-format
 msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o) of %s"
 msgstr "%2$s 的新模式(%1$o)和 %4$s 的旧模式(%3$o)不匹配"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3280
+#: builtin/apply.c:3573
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: patch does not apply"
 msgstr "%s:补丁未应用"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3293
+#: builtin/apply.c:3586
 #, c-format
 msgid "Checking patch %s..."
 msgstr "检查补丁 %s..."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3348 builtin/checkout.c:212 builtin/reset.c:158
+#: builtin/apply.c:3679 builtin/checkout.c:216 builtin/reset.c:124
 #, c-format
 msgid "make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"
 msgstr "对路径 '%s' 的 make_cache_entry 操作失败"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3491
+#: builtin/apply.c:3822
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to remove %s from index"
 msgstr "不能从索引中移除 %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3518
+#: builtin/apply.c:3850
 #, c-format
 msgid "corrupt patch for subproject %s"
 msgstr "子项目 %s 损坏的补丁"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3522
+#: builtin/apply.c:3854
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to stat newly created file '%s'"
 msgstr "不能枚举新建文件 '%s' 的状态"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3527
+#: builtin/apply.c:3859
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to create backing store for newly created file %s"
 msgstr "不能为新建文件 %s 创建后端存储"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3530
+#: builtin/apply.c:3862 builtin/apply.c:3970
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to add cache entry for %s"
 msgstr "无法为 %s 添加缓存条目"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3563
+#: builtin/apply.c:3895
 #, c-format
 msgid "closing file '%s'"
 msgstr "关闭文件 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3612
+#: builtin/apply.c:3944
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to write file '%s' mode %o"
 msgstr "不能写文件 '%s' 权限 %o"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3668
+#: builtin/apply.c:4031
 #, c-format
 msgid "Applied patch %s cleanly."
 msgstr "成功应用补丁 %s。"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3676
+#: builtin/apply.c:4039
 msgid "internal error"
 msgstr "内部错误"
 
 #. Say this even without --verbose
-#: builtin/apply.c:3679
+#: builtin/apply.c:4042
 #, c-format
 msgid "Applying patch %%s with %d reject..."
 msgid_plural "Applying patch %%s with %d rejects..."
-msgstr[0] "应用补丁 %%s 时 %d 个被拒绝..."
-msgstr[1] "应用补丁 %%s 时 %d 个被拒绝..."
+msgstr[0] "应用 %%s 个补丁,其中 %d 个被拒绝..."
+msgstr[1] "应用 %%s 个补丁,其中 %d 个被拒绝..."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3689
+#: builtin/apply.c:4052
 #, c-format
 msgid "truncating .rej filename to %.*s.rej"
 msgstr "截短 .rej 文件名为 %.*s.rej"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3710
+#: builtin/apply.c:4073
 #, c-format
 msgid "Hunk #%d applied cleanly."
 msgstr "第 #%d 个片段成功应用。"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3713
+#: builtin/apply.c:4076
 #, c-format
 msgid "Rejected hunk #%d."
 msgstr "拒绝第 #%d 个片段。"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3844
+#: builtin/apply.c:4226
 msgid "unrecognized input"
 msgstr "未能识别的输入"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3855
+#: builtin/apply.c:4237
 msgid "unable to read index file"
 msgstr "无法读取索引文件"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3970 builtin/apply.c:3973
+#: builtin/apply.c:4356 builtin/apply.c:4359 builtin/clone.c:92
+#: builtin/fetch.c:63
 msgid "path"
 msgstr "路径"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3971
+#: builtin/apply.c:4357
 msgid "don't apply changes matching the given path"
 msgstr "不要应用与给出路径向匹配的变更"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3974
+#: builtin/apply.c:4360
 msgid "apply changes matching the given path"
 msgstr "应用与给出路径向匹配的变更"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3976
+#: builtin/apply.c:4362
 msgid "num"
 msgstr "数字"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3977
+#: builtin/apply.c:4363
 msgid "remove <num> leading slashes from traditional diff paths"
-msgstr "从传统的 diff 路径中移除 <数字> 个前导路径"
+msgstr "从传统的 diff 路径中移除指定数量的前导斜线"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3980
+#: builtin/apply.c:4366
 msgid "ignore additions made by the patch"
 msgstr "忽略补丁中的添加的文件"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3982
+#: builtin/apply.c:4368
 msgid "instead of applying the patch, output diffstat for the input"
 msgstr "不应用补丁,而是显示输入的差异统计(diffstat)"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3986
-msgid "shows number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation"
-msgstr "以数字方式显示添加或删除行的数量"
+#: builtin/apply.c:4372
+msgid "show number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation"
+msgstr "以十进制数显示添加和删除的行数"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3988
+#: builtin/apply.c:4374
 msgid "instead of applying the patch, output a summary for the input"
 msgstr "不应用补丁,而是显示输入的概要"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3990
+#: builtin/apply.c:4376
 msgid "instead of applying the patch, see if the patch is applicable"
 msgstr "不应用补丁,而是查看补丁是否可应用"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3992
+#: builtin/apply.c:4378
 msgid "make sure the patch is applicable to the current index"
 msgstr "确认补丁可以应用到当前索引"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3994
+#: builtin/apply.c:4380
 msgid "apply a patch without touching the working tree"
 msgstr "应用补丁而不修改工作区"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3996
+#: builtin/apply.c:4382
 msgid "also apply the patch (use with --stat/--summary/--check)"
-msgstr "同时应用此补丁(和 --stat/--summary/--check 共用)"
+msgstr "还应用此补丁(与 --stat/--summary/--check 选项同时使用)"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3998
+#: builtin/apply.c:4384
+msgid "attempt three-way merge if a patch does not apply"
+msgstr "如果一个补丁不能应用则尝试三路合并"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4386
 msgid "build a temporary index based on embedded index information"
 msgstr "创建一个临时索引基于嵌入的索引信息"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4000
+#: builtin/apply.c:4388 builtin/checkout-index.c:197 builtin/ls-files.c:456
 msgid "paths are separated with NUL character"
 msgstr "路径以 NUL 字符分隔"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4003
+#: builtin/apply.c:4391
 msgid "ensure at least <n> lines of context match"
 msgstr "确保至少匹配 <n> 行上下文"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4004
+#: builtin/apply.c:4392
 msgid "action"
 msgstr "动作"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4005
+#: builtin/apply.c:4393
 msgid "detect new or modified lines that have whitespace errors"
 msgstr "检查新增和修改的行中间的空白字符滥用"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4008 builtin/apply.c:4011
+#: builtin/apply.c:4396 builtin/apply.c:4399
 msgid "ignore changes in whitespace when finding context"
 msgstr "查找上下文时忽略空白字符的变更"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4014
+#: builtin/apply.c:4402
 msgid "apply the patch in reverse"
 msgstr "反向应用补丁"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4016
+#: builtin/apply.c:4404
 msgid "don't expect at least one line of context"
 msgstr "无需至少一行上下文"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4018
+#: builtin/apply.c:4406
 msgid "leave the rejected hunks in corresponding *.rej files"
 msgstr "将拒绝的补丁片段保存在对应的 *.rej 文件中"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4020
+#: builtin/apply.c:4408
 msgid "allow overlapping hunks"
 msgstr "允许重叠的补丁片段"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4021
-msgid "be verbose"
-msgstr "冗长输出"
-
-#: builtin/apply.c:4023
+#: builtin/apply.c:4411
 msgid "tolerate incorrectly detected missing new-line at the end of file"
-msgstr "宽容不正确的文件末尾换行符"
+msgstr "允许不正确的文件末尾换行符"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4026
+#: builtin/apply.c:4414
 msgid "do not trust the line counts in the hunk headers"
 msgstr "不信任补丁片段的头信息中的行号"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4028
+#: builtin/apply.c:4416
 msgid "root"
 msgstr "根目录"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4029
+#: builtin/apply.c:4417
 msgid "prepend <root> to all filenames"
 msgstr "为所有文件名前添加 <根目录>"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4050
+#: builtin/apply.c:4439
+msgid "--3way outside a repository"
+msgstr "--3way 在一个版本库之外"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4447
 msgid "--index outside a repository"
 msgstr "--index 在一个版本库之外"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4053
+#: builtin/apply.c:4450
 msgid "--cached outside a repository"
 msgstr "--cached 在一个版本库之外"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4069
+#: builtin/apply.c:4466
 #, c-format
 msgid "can't open patch '%s'"
 msgstr "不能打开补丁 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4083
+#: builtin/apply.c:4480
 #, c-format
 msgid "squelched %d whitespace error"
 msgid_plural "squelched %d whitespace errors"
 msgstr[0] "抑制下仍有 %d 个空白字符误用"
 msgstr[1] "抑制下仍有 %d 个空白字符误用"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4089 builtin/apply.c:4099
+#: builtin/apply.c:4486 builtin/apply.c:4496
 #, c-format
 msgid "%d line adds whitespace errors."
 msgid_plural "%d lines add whitespace errors."
@@ -1504,7 +2337,7 @@
 
 #: builtin/archive.c:20
 msgid "could not redirect output"
-msgstr "不能输出重定向"
+msgstr "不能重定向输出"
 
 #: builtin/archive.c:37
 msgid "git archive: Remote with no URL"
@@ -1512,28 +2345,156 @@
 
 #: builtin/archive.c:58
 msgid "git archive: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF"
-msgstr "git archive:期待ACK/NACK,却得到EOF"
+msgstr "git archive:应为ACK/NACK,却得到EOF"
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:63
+#: builtin/archive.c:61
 #, c-format
 msgid "git archive: NACK %s"
 msgstr "git archive:NACK %s"
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:65
+#: builtin/archive.c:63
 #, c-format
 msgid "remote error: %s"
 msgstr "远程错误:%s"
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:66
+#: builtin/archive.c:64
 msgid "git archive: protocol error"
 msgstr "git archive:协议错误"
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:71
+#: builtin/archive.c:68
 msgid "git archive: expected a flush"
-msgstr "git archive:预期一个刷新"
+msgstr "git archive:应为刷新"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:7
+msgid "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
+msgstr "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:17
+msgid "perform 'git bisect next'"
+msgstr "执行 'git bisect next'"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:19
+msgid "update BISECT_HEAD instead of checking out the current commit"
+msgstr "更新 BISECT_HEAD 而非检出当前提交"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:25
+msgid "git blame [options] [rev-opts] [rev] [--] file"
+msgstr "git blame [选项] [版本选项] [版本] [--] 文件"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:30
+msgid "[rev-opts] are documented in git-rev-list(1)"
+msgstr "[版本选项] 的文档记录在 git-rev-list(1) 中"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2355
+msgid "Show blame entries as we find them, incrementally"
+msgstr "增量式地显示发现的 blame 条目"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2356
+msgid "Show blank SHA-1 for boundary commits (Default: off)"
+msgstr "边界提交显示空的 SHA-1(默认:关闭)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2357
+msgid "Do not treat root commits as boundaries (Default: off)"
+msgstr "不把根提交作为边界(默认:关闭)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2358
+msgid "Show work cost statistics"
+msgstr "显示命令消耗统计"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2359
+msgid "Show output score for blame entries"
+msgstr "显示判断 blame 条目位移的得分诊断信息"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2360
+msgid "Show original filename (Default: auto)"
+msgstr "显示原始文件名(默认:自动)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2361
+msgid "Show original linenumber (Default: off)"
+msgstr "显示原始的行号(默认:关闭)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2362
+msgid "Show in a format designed for machine consumption"
+msgstr "显示为一个适合机器读取的格式"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2363
+msgid "Show porcelain format with per-line commit information"
+msgstr "为每一行显示机器适用的提交信息"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2364
+msgid "Use the same output mode as git-annotate (Default: off)"
+msgstr "使用和 git-annotate 相同的输出模式(默认:关闭)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2365
+msgid "Show raw timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr "显示原始时间戳(默认:关闭)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2366
+msgid "Show long commit SHA1 (Default: off)"
+msgstr "显示长的SHA1提交号(默认:关闭)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2367
+msgid "Suppress author name and timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr "隐藏作者名字和时间戳(默认:关闭)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2368
+msgid "Show author email instead of name (Default: off)"
+msgstr "显示作者的邮箱而不是名字(默认:关闭)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2369
+msgid "Ignore whitespace differences"
+msgstr "忽略空白差异"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2370
+msgid "Spend extra cycles to find better match"
+msgstr "花费额外的循环来找到更好的匹配"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2371
+msgid "Use revisions from <file> instead of calling git-rev-list"
+msgstr "使用来自 <file> 的修订集而不是调用 git-rev-list"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2372
+msgid "Use <file>'s contents as the final image"
+msgstr "使用 <file> 的内容作为最终的图片"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2373 builtin/blame.c:2374
+msgid "score"
+msgstr "得分"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2373
+msgid "Find line copies within and across files"
+msgstr "找到文件内及跨文件的行拷贝"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2374
+msgid "Find line movements within and across files"
+msgstr "找到文件内及跨文件的行移动"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2375
+msgid "n,m"
+msgstr "n,m"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2375
+msgid "Process only line range n,m, counting from 1"
+msgstr "只处理行范围在 n 和 m 之间的,从 1 开始"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:24
+msgid "git branch [options] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+msgstr "git branch [选项] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:25
+msgid "git branch [options] [-l] [-f] <branchname> [<start-point>]"
+msgstr "git branch [选项] [-l] [-f] <分支名> [<起始点>]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:26
+msgid "git branch [options] [-r] (-d | -D) <branchname>..."
+msgstr "git branch [选项] [-r] (-d | -D) <分支名>..."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:27
+msgid "git branch [options] (-m | -M) [<oldbranch>] <newbranch>"
+msgstr "git branch [选项] (-m | -M) [<旧分支>] <新分支>"
 
 #  译者:保持原换行格式,在输出时 %s 的替代内容会让字符串变长
-#: builtin/branch.c:144
+#: builtin/branch.c:150
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "deleting branch '%s' that has been merged to\n"
@@ -1543,7 +2504,7 @@
 "         '%s',但未合并到 HEAD。"
 
 #  译者:保持原换行格式,在输出时 %s 的替代内容会让字符串变长
-#: builtin/branch.c:148
+#: builtin/branch.c:154
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "not deleting branch '%s' that is not yet merged to\n"
@@ -1552,35 +2513,12 @@
 "并未删除分支 '%s', 虽然它已经合并到 HEAD,\n"
 "         然而却尚未被合并到分支 '%s' 。"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:180
-msgid "cannot use -a with -d"
-msgstr "不能将 -a 和 -d 共用"
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:186
-msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD"
-msgstr "无法查询 HEAD 指向的提交对象"
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:191
-#, c-format
-msgid "Cannot delete the branch '%s' which you are currently on."
-msgstr "无法删除您当前所在的分支 '%s'。"
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:202
-#, c-format
-msgid "remote branch '%s' not found."
-msgstr "远程分支 '%s' 未发现。"
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:203
-#, c-format
-msgid "branch '%s' not found."
-msgstr "分支 '%s' 未发现。"
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:210
+#: builtin/branch.c:168
 #, c-format
 msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for '%s'"
 msgstr "无法查询 '%s' 指向的提交对象"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:216
+#: builtin/branch.c:172
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The branch '%s' is not fully merged.\n"
@@ -1589,126 +2527,355 @@
 "分支 '%s' 没有完全合并。\n"
 "如果您确认要删除它,执行 'git branch -D %s'。"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:225
+#: builtin/branch.c:185
+msgid "Update of config-file failed"
+msgstr "无法更新 config 文件"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:213
+msgid "cannot use -a with -d"
+msgstr "不能将 -a 和 -d 同时使用"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:219
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD"
+msgstr "无法查询 HEAD 指向的提交对象"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:227
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot delete the branch '%s' which you are currently on."
+msgstr "无法删除您当前所在的分支 '%s'。"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:240
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "远程分支 '%s' 未发现。"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "分支 '%s' 未发现。"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:255
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error deleting remote branch '%s'"
 msgstr "删除远程分支 '%s' 时出错"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:226
+#: builtin/branch.c:256
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error deleting branch '%s'"
 msgstr "删除分支 '%s' 时出错"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:233
+#: builtin/branch.c:263
 #, c-format
 msgid "Deleted remote branch %s (was %s).\n"
 msgstr "已删除远程分支 %s(曾为 %s)。\n"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:234
+#: builtin/branch.c:264
 #, c-format
 msgid "Deleted branch %s (was %s).\n"
 msgstr "已删除分支 %s(曾为 %s)。\n"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:239
-msgid "Update of config-file failed"
-msgstr "无法更新 config 文件"
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:337
+#: builtin/branch.c:366
 #, c-format
 msgid "branch '%s' does not point at a commit"
 msgstr "分支 '%s' 未指向一个提交"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:409
+#: builtin/branch.c:453
 #, c-format
 msgid "[%s: behind %d]"
 msgstr "[%s:落后 %d]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:411
+#: builtin/branch.c:455
 #, c-format
 msgid "[behind %d]"
 msgstr "[落后 %d]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:415
+#: builtin/branch.c:459
 #, c-format
 msgid "[%s: ahead %d]"
 msgstr "[%s:领先 %d]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:417
+#: builtin/branch.c:461
 #, c-format
 msgid "[ahead %d]"
 msgstr "[领先 %d]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:420
+#: builtin/branch.c:464
 #, c-format
 msgid "[%s: ahead %d, behind %d]"
 msgstr "[%s:领先 %d,落后 %d]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:423
+#: builtin/branch.c:467
 #, c-format
 msgid "[ahead %d, behind %d]"
 msgstr "[领先 %d,落后 %d]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:535
+#: builtin/branch.c:490
+msgid " **** invalid ref ****"
+msgstr " **** 无效引用 ****"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, rebasing %s)"
+msgstr "(非分支,正变基 %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:585
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, bisect started on %s)"
+msgstr "(非分支,二分查找开始于 %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:588
+#, c-format
+msgid "(detached from %s)"
+msgstr "(分离自 %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:591
 msgid "(no branch)"
 msgstr "(非分支)"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:600
+#: builtin/branch.c:637
+#, c-format
+msgid "object '%s' does not point to a commit"
+msgstr "对象 '%s' 没有指向一个提交"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:669
 msgid "some refs could not be read"
 msgstr "一些引用不能读取"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:613
+#: builtin/branch.c:682
 msgid "cannot rename the current branch while not on any."
 msgstr "无法重命名当前分支因为不处于任何分支上。"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:623
+#: builtin/branch.c:692
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid branch name: '%s'"
 msgstr "无效的分支名:'%s'"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:638
+#: builtin/branch.c:707
 msgid "Branch rename failed"
 msgstr "分支重命名失败"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:642
+#: builtin/branch.c:711
 #, c-format
 msgid "Renamed a misnamed branch '%s' away"
 msgstr "重命名掉一个错误命名的旧分支 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:646
+#: builtin/branch.c:715
 #, c-format
 msgid "Branch renamed to %s, but HEAD is not updated!"
 msgstr "分支重命名为 %s,但 HEAD 没有更新!"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:653
+#: builtin/branch.c:722
 msgid "Branch is renamed, but update of config-file failed"
 msgstr "分支被重命名,但更新 config 文件失败"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:668
+#: builtin/branch.c:737
 #, c-format
 msgid "malformed object name %s"
 msgstr "非法的对象名 %s"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:692
+#: builtin/branch.c:761
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not write branch description template: %s"
 msgstr "不能写分支描述模版:%s"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:783
+#: builtin/branch.c:791
+msgid "Generic options"
+msgstr "通用选项"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:793
+msgid "show hash and subject, give twice for upstream branch"
+msgstr "显示哈希值和主题,若参数出现两次则显示上游分支"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:794
+msgid "suppress informational messages"
+msgstr "不显示信息"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:795
+msgid "set up tracking mode (see git-pull(1))"
+msgstr "设置跟踪模式(参见 git-pull(1))"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:797
+msgid "change upstream info"
+msgstr "改变上游信息"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:801
+msgid "use colored output"
+msgstr "使用彩色输出"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:802
+msgid "act on remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "作用于远程跟踪分支"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:805 builtin/branch.c:811 builtin/branch.c:832
+#: builtin/branch.c:838 builtin/commit.c:1368 builtin/commit.c:1369
+#: builtin/commit.c:1370 builtin/commit.c:1371 builtin/tag.c:468
+msgid "commit"
+msgstr "提交"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:806 builtin/branch.c:812
+msgid "print only branches that contain the commit"
+msgstr "只打印包含该提交的分支"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:818
+msgid "Specific git-branch actions:"
+msgstr "具体的 git-branch 动作:"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:819
+msgid "list both remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr "列出远程跟踪及本地分支"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:821
+msgid "delete fully merged branch"
+msgstr "删除完全合并的分支"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:822
+msgid "delete branch (even if not merged)"
+msgstr "删除分支(即使没有合并)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:823
+msgid "move/rename a branch and its reflog"
+msgstr "移动/重命名一个分支,以及它的引用日志"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:824
+msgid "move/rename a branch, even if target exists"
+msgstr "移动/重命名一个分支,即使目标已存在"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:825
+msgid "list branch names"
+msgstr "列出分支名"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:826
+msgid "create the branch's reflog"
+msgstr "创建分支的引用日志"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:828
+msgid "edit the description for the branch"
+msgstr "标记分支的描述"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:829
+msgid "force creation (when already exists)"
+msgstr "强制创建(当已经存在)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:832
+msgid "print only not merged branches"
+msgstr "只打印没有合并的分支"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:838
+msgid "print only merged branches"
+msgstr "只打印合并的分支"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:842
+msgid "list branches in columns"
+msgstr "以列的方式显示分支"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:855
 msgid "Failed to resolve HEAD as a valid ref."
 msgstr "无法将 HEAD 解析为有效引用。"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:788 builtin/clone.c:558
+#: builtin/branch.c:860 builtin/clone.c:619
 msgid "HEAD not found below refs/heads!"
 msgstr "HEAD 没有位于 /refs/heads 之下!"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:808
+#: builtin/branch.c:883
 msgid "--column and --verbose are incompatible"
 msgstr "--column 和 --verbose 不兼容"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:857
+#: builtin/branch.c:889 builtin/branch.c:928
+msgid "branch name required"
+msgstr "必须提供分支名"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:904
+msgid "Cannot give description to detached HEAD"
+msgstr "不能向分离头指针提供描述"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:909
+msgid "cannot edit description of more than one branch"
+msgstr "不能为一个以上的分支编辑描述"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:916
+#, c-format
+msgid "No commit on branch '%s' yet."
+msgstr "分支 '%s' 尚无提交。"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:919
+#, c-format
+msgid "No branch named '%s'."
+msgstr "没有分支 '%s'。"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:934
+msgid "too many branches for a rename operation"
+msgstr "为重命名操作提供了太多的分支名"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:939
+msgid "too many branches to set new upstream"
+msgstr "为设置新上游提供了太多的分支名"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:943
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"could not set upstream of HEAD to %s when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr "无法设置 HEAD 的上游为 %s,因为 HEAD 没有指向任何分支。"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:946 builtin/branch.c:968 builtin/branch.c:990
+#, c-format
+msgid "no such branch '%s'"
+msgstr "没有此分支 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:950
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "分支 '%s' 不存在"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:962
+msgid "too many branches to unset upstream"
+msgstr "为取消上游设置操作提供了太多的分支名"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:966
+msgid "could not unset upstream of HEAD when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr "无法取消 HEAD 的上游设置因为它没有指向一个分支"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:972
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch '%s' has no upstream information"
+msgstr "分支 '%s' 没有上游信息"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:987
+msgid "it does not make sense to create 'HEAD' manually"
+msgstr "手工创建 'HEAD' 没有意义"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:993
 msgid "-a and -r options to 'git branch' do not make sense with a branch name"
 msgstr "'git branch' 的 -a 和 -r 选项带一个分支名参数没有意义"
 
+#: builtin/branch.c:996
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using --"
+"track or --set-upstream-to\n"
+msgstr ""
+"选项 --set-upstream 已弃用并将被移除。考虑使用 --track 或 --set-upstream-to\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1013
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you wanted to make '%s' track '%s', do this:\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"如果你想用 '%s' 跟踪 '%s', 这么做:\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1014
+#, c-format
+msgid "    git branch -d %s\n"
+msgstr "    git branch -d %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1015
+#, c-format
+msgid "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
+msgstr "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
+
 #: builtin/bundle.c:47
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s is okay\n"
@@ -1722,100 +2889,247 @@
 msgid "Need a repository to unbundle."
 msgstr "需要一个版本库来解包。"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:113 builtin/checkout.c:146
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:176
+msgid "git cat-file (-t|-s|-e|-p|<type>|--textconv) <object>"
+msgstr "git cat-file (-t|-s|-e|-p|<类型>|--textconv) <对象>"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:177
+msgid "git cat-file (--batch|--batch-check) < <list_of_objects>"
+msgstr "git cat-file (--batch|--batch-check) < <对象列表>"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:195
+msgid "<type> can be one of: blob, tree, commit, tag"
+msgstr "<类型> 可以是其中之一:blob、tree、commit、tag"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:196
+msgid "show object type"
+msgstr "显示对象类型"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:197
+msgid "show object size"
+msgstr "显示对象大小"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:199
+msgid "exit with zero when there's no error"
+msgstr "当没有错误时退出并返回零"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:200
+msgid "pretty-print object's content"
+msgstr "美观地打印对象的内容"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:202
+msgid "for blob objects, run textconv on object's content"
+msgstr "对于数据(blob)对象,对其内容执行 textconv"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:204
+msgid "show info and content of objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr "显示从标准输入提供的对象的信息和内容"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:207
+msgid "show info about objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr "显示从标准输入提供的对象的信息"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:11
+msgid "git check-attr [-a | --all | attr...] [--] pathname..."
+msgstr "git check-attr [-a | --all | attr...] [--] 路径名..."
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:12
+msgid "git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | attr...] < <list-of-paths>"
+msgstr "git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | attr...] < <路径列表>"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:19
+msgid "report all attributes set on file"
+msgstr "报告设置在文件上的所有属性"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:20
+msgid "use .gitattributes only from the index"
+msgstr "只使用索引中的 .gitattributes"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:21 builtin/check-ignore.c:22 builtin/hash-object.c:75
+msgid "read file names from stdin"
+msgstr "从标准输入读出文件名"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:23 builtin/check-ignore.c:24
+msgid "input paths are terminated by a null character"
+msgstr "输入路径以null字符终止"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:18 builtin/checkout.c:1044 builtin/gc.c:177
+msgid "suppress progress reporting"
+msgstr "不显示进度报告"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:146
+msgid "cannot specify pathnames with --stdin"
+msgstr "不能同时提供路径及 --stdin 参数"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:149
+msgid "-z only makes sense with --stdin"
+msgstr "-z 需要和 --stdin 参数共用才有意义"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:151
+msgid "no path specified"
+msgstr "未指定路径"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:155
+msgid "--quiet is only valid with a single pathname"
+msgstr "参数 --quiet 只在提供一个路径名时有效"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:157
+msgid "cannot have both --quiet and --verbose"
+msgstr "不能同时提供 --quiet 和 --verbose 参数"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:126
+msgid "git checkout-index [options] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git checkout-index [选项] [--] [<文件>...]"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:187
+msgid "check out all files in the index"
+msgstr "检出索引区的所有文件"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:188
+msgid "force overwrite of existing files"
+msgstr "强制覆盖现有的文件"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:190
+msgid "no warning for existing files and files not in index"
+msgstr "存在或不在索引中的文件都没有警告"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:192
+msgid "don't checkout new files"
+msgstr "不检出新文件"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:194
+msgid "update stat information in the index file"
+msgstr "更新索引中文件的状态信息"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:200
+msgid "read list of paths from the standard input"
+msgstr "从标准输入读取路径列表"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:202
+msgid "write the content to temporary files"
+msgstr "将内容写入临时文件"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:203 builtin/column.c:30
+msgid "string"
+msgstr "字符串"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:204
+msgid "when creating files, prepend <string>"
+msgstr "在创建文件时,在前面加上<字符串>"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:207
+msgid "copy out the files from named stage"
+msgstr "从指定暂存区中拷出文件"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:25
+msgid "git checkout [options] <branch>"
+msgstr "git checkout [选项] <分支>"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:26
+msgid "git checkout [options] [<branch>] -- <file>..."
+msgstr "git checkout [选项] [<分支>] -- <文件>..."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:117 builtin/checkout.c:150
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have our version"
 msgstr "路径 '%s' 没有我们的版本"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:115 builtin/checkout.c:148
+#: builtin/checkout.c:119 builtin/checkout.c:152
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have their version"
 msgstr "路径 '%s' 没有他们的版本"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:131
+#: builtin/checkout.c:135
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have all necessary versions"
 msgstr "路径 '%s' 没有全部必须的版本"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:175
+#: builtin/checkout.c:179
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have necessary versions"
 msgstr "路径 '%s' 没有必须的版本"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:192
+#: builtin/checkout.c:196
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s': cannot merge"
 msgstr "path '%s':无法合并"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:209
+#: builtin/checkout.c:213
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unable to add merge result for '%s'"
 msgstr "无法为 '%s' 添加合并结果"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:234 builtin/checkout.c:392
+#: builtin/checkout.c:237 builtin/checkout.c:240 builtin/checkout.c:243
+#: builtin/checkout.c:246
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with updating paths"
+msgstr "'%s' 不能在更新路径时使用"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:249 builtin/checkout.c:252
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with %s"
+msgstr "'%s' 不能和 %s 同时使用"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:255
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time."
+msgstr "不能同时更新路径并切换到分支'%s'。"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:266 builtin/checkout.c:458
 msgid "corrupt index file"
 msgstr "损坏的索引文件"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:264 builtin/checkout.c:271
+#: builtin/checkout.c:329 builtin/checkout.c:336
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' is unmerged"
 msgstr "路径 '%s' 未合并"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:302 builtin/checkout.c:498 builtin/clone.c:583
-#: builtin/merge.c:812
-msgid "unable to write new index file"
-msgstr "无法写新的索引文件"
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:319 builtin/diff.c:302 builtin/merge.c:408
-msgid "diff_setup_done failed"
-msgstr "diff_setup_done 失败"
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:414
+#: builtin/checkout.c:480
 msgid "you need to resolve your current index first"
 msgstr "您需要先解决当前索引的冲突"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:533
+#: builtin/checkout.c:601
 #, c-format
 msgid "Can not do reflog for '%s'\n"
 msgstr "不能对 '%s' 执行 reflog 操作\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:566
+#: builtin/checkout.c:634
 msgid "HEAD is now at"
 msgstr "HEAD 目前位于"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:573
+#: builtin/checkout.c:641
 #, c-format
 msgid "Reset branch '%s'\n"
 msgstr "重置分支 '%s'\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:576
+#: builtin/checkout.c:644
 #, c-format
 msgid "Already on '%s'\n"
 msgstr "已经位于 '%s'\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:580
+#: builtin/checkout.c:648
 #, c-format
 msgid "Switched to and reset branch '%s'\n"
 msgstr "切换并重置分支 '%s'\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:582
+#: builtin/checkout.c:650 builtin/checkout.c:987
 #, c-format
 msgid "Switched to a new branch '%s'\n"
 msgstr "切换到一个新分支 '%s'\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:584
+#: builtin/checkout.c:652
 #, c-format
 msgid "Switched to branch '%s'\n"
 msgstr "切换到分支 '%s'\n"
 
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
-#: builtin/checkout.c:640
+#: builtin/checkout.c:708
 #, c-format
 msgid " ... and %d more.\n"
 msgstr " ... 及其它 %d 个。\n"
 
 #. The singular version
-#: builtin/checkout.c:646
+#: builtin/checkout.c:714
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Warning: you are leaving %d commit behind, not connected to\n"
@@ -1836,7 +3150,7 @@
 "\n"
 "%s\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:664
+#: builtin/checkout.c:732
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "If you want to keep them by creating a new branch, this may be a good time\n"
@@ -1851,274 +3165,502 @@
 " git branch new_branch_name %s\n"
 "\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:694
+#: builtin/checkout.c:762
 msgid "internal error in revision walk"
 msgstr "在版本遍历时遇到内部错误"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:698
+#: builtin/checkout.c:766
 msgid "Previous HEAD position was"
 msgstr "之前的 HEAD 位置是"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:724
+#: builtin/checkout.c:793 builtin/checkout.c:982
 msgid "You are on a branch yet to be born"
 msgstr "您位于一个尚未初始化的分支"
 
 #. case (1)
-#: builtin/checkout.c:855
+#: builtin/checkout.c:918
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid reference: %s"
 msgstr "无效引用:%s"
 
 #. case (1): want a tree
-#: builtin/checkout.c:894
+#: builtin/checkout.c:957
 #, c-format
 msgid "reference is not a tree: %s"
 msgstr "引用不是一个树:%s"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:974
-msgid "-B cannot be used with -b"
-msgstr "-B 不能和 -b 共用"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:996
+msgid "paths cannot be used with switching branches"
+msgstr "路径不能和切换分支同时使用"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:983
-msgid "--patch is incompatible with all other options"
-msgstr "--patch 选项和其他选项不兼容"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:999 builtin/checkout.c:1003
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with switching branches"
+msgstr "'%s' 不能和切换分支同时使用"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:986
-msgid "--detach cannot be used with -b/-B/--orphan"
-msgstr "--detach 不能和 -b/-B/--orphan 共用"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1007 builtin/checkout.c:1010 builtin/checkout.c:1015
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1018
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s' 不能和 '%s' 同时使用"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:988
-msgid "--detach cannot be used with -t"
-msgstr "--detach 不能和 -t 共用"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1023
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot switch branch to a non-commit '%s'"
+msgstr "不能切换分支到一个非提交 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:994
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1045 builtin/checkout.c:1047 builtin/clone.c:90
+#: builtin/remote.c:169 builtin/remote.c:171
+msgid "branch"
+msgstr "分支"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1046
+msgid "create and checkout a new branch"
+msgstr "创建并检出一个新的分支"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1048
+msgid "create/reset and checkout a branch"
+msgstr "创建/重置并检出一个分支"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1049
+msgid "create reflog for new branch"
+msgstr "为新的分支创建引用日志"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1050
+msgid "detach the HEAD at named commit"
+msgstr "成为指向该提交的分离头指针"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1051
+msgid "set upstream info for new branch"
+msgstr "为新的分支设置上游信息"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1053
+msgid "new branch"
+msgstr "新分支"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1053
+msgid "new unparented branch"
+msgstr "新的没有父提交的分支"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1054
+msgid "checkout our version for unmerged files"
+msgstr "对尚未合并的文件检出我们的版本"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1056
+msgid "checkout their version for unmerged files"
+msgstr "对尚未合并的文件检出他们的版本"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1058
+msgid "force checkout (throw away local modifications)"
+msgstr "强制检出(丢弃本地修改)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1059
+msgid "perform a 3-way merge with the new branch"
+msgstr "和新的分支执行三路合并"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1060 builtin/merge.c:217
+msgid "update ignored files (default)"
+msgstr "更新忽略的文件(默认)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1061 builtin/log.c:1158 parse-options.h:245
+msgid "style"
+msgstr "风格"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1062
+msgid "conflict style (merge or diff3)"
+msgstr "冲突输出风格(merge 或 diff3)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1065
+msgid "do not limit pathspecs to sparse entries only"
+msgstr "对路径不做稀疏检出的限制"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1067
+msgid "second guess 'git checkout no-such-branch'"
+msgstr "再者猜测'git checkout no-such-branch'"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1091
+msgid "-b, -B and --orphan are mutually exclusive"
+msgstr "-b、-B 和 --orphan 是互斥的"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1108
 msgid "--track needs a branch name"
 msgstr "--track 需要一个分支名"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1001
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1115
 msgid "Missing branch name; try -b"
 msgstr "缺少分支名;尝试 -b"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1007
-msgid "--orphan and -b|-B are mutually exclusive"
-msgstr "--orphan 和 -b|-B 互斥"
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1009
-msgid "--orphan cannot be used with -t"
-msgstr "--orphan 不能和 -t 共用"
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1019
-msgid "git checkout: -f and -m are incompatible"
-msgstr "git checkout:-f 和 -m 不兼容"
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1053
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1150
 msgid "invalid path specification"
 msgstr "无效的路径规格"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1061
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1157
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
-"git checkout: updating paths is incompatible with switching branches.\n"
+"Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time.\n"
 "Did you intend to checkout '%s' which can not be resolved as commit?"
 msgstr ""
-"git checkout:更新路径和切换分支不兼容。\n"
-"您是想要检出 '%s' 但未能将其解析为提交么?"
+"不能同时更新路径并切换到分支'%s'。\n"
+"您是想要检出 '%s' 但其未能解析为提交么?"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1063
-msgid "git checkout: updating paths is incompatible with switching branches."
-msgstr "git checkout:更新路径和切换分支不兼容。"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1162
+#, c-format
+msgid "git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument '%s'"
+msgstr "git checkout:--detach 不能接收路径参数 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1068
-msgid "git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument"
-msgstr "git checkout:--detach 不跟路径参数"
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1071
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1166
 msgid ""
 "git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge are incompatible when\n"
 "checking out of the index."
 msgstr ""
 "git checkout:在从索引检出时,--ours/--theirs、--force 和 --merge 不兼容。"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1090
-msgid "Cannot switch branch to a non-commit."
-msgstr "无法切换分支到一个非提交。"
+#: builtin/clean.c:20
+msgid "git clean [-d] [-f] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr "git clean [-d] [-f] [-n] [-q] [-e <模式>] [-x | -X] [--] <路径>..."
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1093
-msgid "--ours/--theirs is incompatible with switching branches."
-msgstr "--ours/--theirs 和切换分支不兼容。"
+#: builtin/clean.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s\n"
+msgstr "正删除 %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:78
+#: builtin/clean.c:25
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would remove %s\n"
+msgstr "将删除 %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:26
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping repository %s\n"
+msgstr "忽略版本库 %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:27
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would skip repository %s\n"
+msgstr "将忽略版本库 %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:28
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to remove %s"
+msgstr "无法删除 %s"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:160
+msgid "do not print names of files removed"
+msgstr "不打印删除文件的名称"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:162
+msgid "force"
+msgstr "强制"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:164
+msgid "remove whole directories"
+msgstr "删除整个目录"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:165 builtin/describe.c:412 builtin/grep.c:717
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:487 builtin/name-rev.c:231 builtin/show-ref.c:182
+msgid "pattern"
+msgstr "模式"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:166
+msgid "add <pattern> to ignore rules"
+msgstr "添加<模式>到忽略规则"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:167
+msgid "remove ignored files, too"
+msgstr "也删除忽略的文件"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:169
+msgid "remove only ignored files"
+msgstr "只删除忽略的文件"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:187
 msgid "-x and -X cannot be used together"
-msgstr "-x 和 -X 不能共用"
+msgstr "-x 和 -X 不能同时使用"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:82
+#: builtin/clean.c:191
 msgid ""
 "clean.requireForce set to true and neither -n nor -f given; refusing to clean"
 msgstr ""
 "clean.requireForce 设置为 true 且未提供 -n 或 -f 选项,拒绝执行清理动作"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:85
+#: builtin/clean.c:194
 msgid ""
 "clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -n nor -f given; refusing to "
 "clean"
 msgstr ""
 "clean.requireForce 默认为 true 且未提供 -n 或 -f 选项,拒绝执行清理动作"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:155 builtin/clean.c:176
-#, c-format
-msgid "Would remove %s\n"
-msgstr "将删除 %s\n"
+#: builtin/clone.c:37
+msgid "git clone [options] [--] <repo> [<dir>]"
+msgstr "git clone [选项] [--] <版本库> [<路径>]"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:159 builtin/clean.c:179
-#, c-format
-msgid "Removing %s\n"
-msgstr "正删除 %s\n"
+#: builtin/clone.c:65 builtin/fetch.c:82 builtin/merge.c:214
+#: builtin/push.c:436
+msgid "force progress reporting"
+msgstr "强制显示进度报告"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:162 builtin/clean.c:182
-#, c-format
-msgid "failed to remove %s"
-msgstr "无法删除 %s"
+#: builtin/clone.c:67
+msgid "don't create a checkout"
+msgstr "不创建一个检出"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:166
-#, c-format
-msgid "Would not remove %s\n"
-msgstr "不会删除 %s\n"
+#: builtin/clone.c:68 builtin/clone.c:70 builtin/init-db.c:488
+msgid "create a bare repository"
+msgstr "创建一个裸版本库"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:168
-#, c-format
-msgid "Not removing %s\n"
-msgstr "未删除 %s\n"
+#: builtin/clone.c:73
+msgid "create a mirror repository (implies bare)"
+msgstr "创建一个镜像版本库(也是裸版本库)"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:243
-#, c-format
-msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local directory."
-msgstr "引用版本库 '%s' 不是一个本地目录。"
+#: builtin/clone.c:75
+msgid "to clone from a local repository"
+msgstr "从本地版本库克隆"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:302
-#, c-format
-msgid "failed to open '%s'"
-msgstr "无法打开 '%s'"
+#: builtin/clone.c:77
+msgid "don't use local hardlinks, always copy"
+msgstr "不使用本地硬链接,始终复制"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:306
+#: builtin/clone.c:79
+msgid "setup as shared repository"
+msgstr "设置为共享版本库"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:81 builtin/clone.c:83
+msgid "initialize submodules in the clone"
+msgstr "在克隆时初始化子模组"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:84 builtin/init-db.c:485
+msgid "template-directory"
+msgstr "模板目录"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:85 builtin/init-db.c:486
+msgid "directory from which templates will be used"
+msgstr "模板目录将被使用"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:87
+msgid "reference repository"
+msgstr "引用版本库"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:88 builtin/column.c:26 builtin/merge-file.c:44
+msgid "name"
+msgstr "名称"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:89
+msgid "use <name> instead of 'origin' to track upstream"
+msgstr "使用<名称>而不是 'origin' 去跟踪上游"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:91
+msgid "checkout <branch> instead of the remote's HEAD"
+msgstr "检出<分支>而不是远程HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:93
+msgid "path to git-upload-pack on the remote"
+msgstr "远程 git-upload-pack 路径"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:94 builtin/fetch.c:83 builtin/grep.c:662
+msgid "depth"
+msgstr "深度"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:95
+msgid "create a shallow clone of that depth"
+msgstr "创建一个指定深度的浅克隆"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:97
+msgid "clone only one branch, HEAD or --branch"
+msgstr "只克隆一个分支、HEAD 或 --branch"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:98 builtin/init-db.c:494
+msgid "gitdir"
+msgstr "git目录"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:99 builtin/init-db.c:495
+msgid "separate git dir from working tree"
+msgstr "git目录和工作区分离"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:100
+msgid "key=value"
+msgstr "key=value"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:101
+msgid "set config inside the new repository"
+msgstr "在新版本库中设置配置信息"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:254
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local repository."
+msgstr "引用版本库 '%s' 不是一个本地版本库。"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:317
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to create directory '%s'"
 msgstr "无法创建目录 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:308 builtin/diff.c:75
+#: builtin/clone.c:319 builtin/diff.c:77
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to stat '%s'"
 msgstr "无法枚举 '%s' 状态"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:310
+#: builtin/clone.c:321
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s exists and is not a directory"
 msgstr "%s 存在且不是一个目录"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:324
+#: builtin/clone.c:335
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to stat %s\n"
 msgstr "无法枚举 %s 状态\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:341
-#, c-format
-msgid "failed to unlink '%s'"
-msgstr "无法删除 '%s'"
-
-#: builtin/clone.c:346
+#: builtin/clone.c:357
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to create link '%s'"
 msgstr "无法创建链接 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:350
+#: builtin/clone.c:361
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to copy file to '%s'"
 msgstr "无法拷贝文件至 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:373
+#: builtin/clone.c:384
 #, c-format
 msgid "done.\n"
 msgstr "完成。\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:440
+#: builtin/clone.c:397
+msgid ""
+"Clone succeeded, but checkout failed.\n"
+"You can inspect what was checked out with 'git status'\n"
+"and retry the checkout with 'git checkout -f HEAD'\n"
+msgstr ""
+"克隆成功,但是检出失败。\n"
+"您可以通过 'git status' 检查哪些已被检出,然后使用命令\n"
+"'git checkout -f HEAD' 重试\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:476
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not find remote branch %s to clone."
 msgstr "不能发现要克隆的远程分支 %s。"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:549
+#: builtin/clone.c:550
+msgid "remote did not send all necessary objects"
+msgstr "远程没有发送所有必须的对象"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:610
 msgid "remote HEAD refers to nonexistent ref, unable to checkout.\n"
 msgstr "远程 HEAD 指向一个不存在的引用,无法检出。\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:639
+#: builtin/clone.c:641
+msgid "unable to checkout working tree"
+msgstr "不能检出工作区"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:749
 msgid "Too many arguments."
 msgstr "太多参数。"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:643
+#: builtin/clone.c:753
 msgid "You must specify a repository to clone."
 msgstr "您必须指定一个版本库来克隆。"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:654
+#: builtin/clone.c:764
 #, c-format
 msgid "--bare and --origin %s options are incompatible."
 msgstr "--bare 和 --origin %s 选项不兼容。"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:668
+#: builtin/clone.c:767
+msgid "--bare and --separate-git-dir are incompatible."
+msgstr "--bare 和 --separate-git-dir 选项不兼容。"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:780
 #, c-format
 msgid "repository '%s' does not exist"
 msgstr "版本库 '%s' 不存在"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:673
+#: builtin/clone.c:785
 msgid "--depth is ignored in local clones; use file:// instead."
 msgstr "--depth 在本地克隆被忽略,改为 file:// 协议试试。"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:683
+#: builtin/clone.c:795
 #, c-format
 msgid "destination path '%s' already exists and is not an empty directory."
 msgstr "目标路径 '%s' 已经存在,并且不是一个空目录。"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:693
+#: builtin/clone.c:805
 #, c-format
 msgid "working tree '%s' already exists."
 msgstr "工作区 '%s' 已经存在。"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:706 builtin/clone.c:720
+#: builtin/clone.c:818 builtin/clone.c:830
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create leading directories of '%s'"
 msgstr "不能为 '%s' 创建先导目录"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:709
+#: builtin/clone.c:821
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create work tree dir '%s'."
 msgstr "不能为 '%s' 创建工作区目录。"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:728
+#: builtin/clone.c:840
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cloning into bare repository '%s'...\n"
 msgstr "克隆到裸版本库 '%s'...\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:730
+#: builtin/clone.c:842
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cloning into '%s'...\n"
 msgstr "正克隆到 '%s'...\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:786
+#: builtin/clone.c:877
 #, c-format
 msgid "Don't know how to clone %s"
 msgstr "不知道如何克隆 %s"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:835
+#: builtin/clone.c:926
 #, c-format
 msgid "Remote branch %s not found in upstream %s"
 msgstr "远程分支 %s 在上游 %s 未发现"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:842
+#: builtin/clone.c:933
 msgid "You appear to have cloned an empty repository."
 msgstr "您似乎克隆了一个空版本库。"
 
+#: builtin/column.c:9
+msgid "git column [options]"
+msgstr "git column [选项]"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:26
+msgid "lookup config vars"
+msgstr "查找配置变量"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:27 builtin/column.c:28
+msgid "layout to use"
+msgstr "要使用的布局"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:29
+msgid "Maximum width"
+msgstr "最大宽度"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:30
+msgid "Padding space on left border"
+msgstr "左边框的填充空间"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:31
+msgid "Padding space on right border"
+msgstr "右边框的填充空间"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:32
+msgid "Padding space between columns"
+msgstr "两列之间的填充空间"
+
 #: builtin/column.c:51
 msgid "--command must be the first argument"
 msgstr "--command 必须是第一个参数"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:43
+#: builtin/commit.c:34
+msgid "git commit [options] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git commit [选项] [--] <路径匹配>..."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:39
+msgid "git status [options] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git status [选项] [--] <路径匹配>..."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:44
 msgid ""
 "Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
 "on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
@@ -2141,7 +3683,7 @@
 "\n"
 "    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:55
+#: builtin/commit.c:56
 msgid ""
 "You asked to amend the most recent commit, but doing so would make\n"
 "it empty. You can repeat your command with --allow-empty, or you can\n"
@@ -2150,7 +3692,7 @@
 "您要修补最近的提交,但这么做会让它成为空提交。您可以重复您的命令并带上\n"
 "--allow-empty 选项,或者您可用命令 \"git reset HEAD^\" 整个删除该提交。\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:60
+#: builtin/commit.c:61
 msgid ""
 "The previous cherry-pick is now empty, possibly due to conflict resolution.\n"
 "If you wish to commit it anyway, use:\n"
@@ -2166,93 +3708,93 @@
 "\n"
 "否则,请使用命令 'git reset'\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:253
+#: builtin/commit.c:260
 msgid "failed to unpack HEAD tree object"
 msgstr "无法解包 HEAD 树对象"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:295
+#: builtin/commit.c:302
 msgid "unable to create temporary index"
 msgstr "不能创建临时索引"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:301
+#: builtin/commit.c:308
 msgid "interactive add failed"
 msgstr "交互式添加失败"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:334 builtin/commit.c:355 builtin/commit.c:405
+#: builtin/commit.c:341 builtin/commit.c:362 builtin/commit.c:412
 msgid "unable to write new_index file"
 msgstr "无法写 new_index 文件"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:386
+#: builtin/commit.c:393
 msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a merge."
 msgstr "在合并过程中不能做部分提交。"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:388
+#: builtin/commit.c:395
 msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a cherry-pick."
 msgstr "在拣选过程中不能做部分提交。"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:398
+#: builtin/commit.c:405
 msgid "cannot read the index"
 msgstr "无法读取索引"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:418
+#: builtin/commit.c:425
 msgid "unable to write temporary index file"
 msgstr "无法写临时索引文件"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:493 builtin/commit.c:499
+#: builtin/commit.c:513 builtin/commit.c:519
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid commit: %s"
 msgstr "无效的提交:%s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:522
+#: builtin/commit.c:542
 msgid "malformed --author parameter"
 msgstr "非法的 --author 参数"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:582
+#: builtin/commit.c:562
 #, c-format
 msgid "Malformed ident string: '%s'"
 msgstr "非法的身份字符串:'%s'"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:620 builtin/commit.c:653 builtin/commit.c:967
+#: builtin/commit.c:600 builtin/commit.c:633 builtin/commit.c:956
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not lookup commit %s"
 msgstr "不能查询提交 %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:632 builtin/shortlog.c:296
+#: builtin/commit.c:612 builtin/shortlog.c:270
 #, c-format
 msgid "(reading log message from standard input)\n"
 msgstr "(正从标准输入中读取日志信息)\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:634
+#: builtin/commit.c:614
 msgid "could not read log from standard input"
 msgstr "不能从标准输入中读取日志信息"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:638
+#: builtin/commit.c:618
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not read log file '%s'"
 msgstr "不能读取日志文件 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:644
+#: builtin/commit.c:624
 msgid "commit has empty message"
 msgstr "提交说明为空"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:660
+#: builtin/commit.c:640
 msgid "could not read MERGE_MSG"
 msgstr "不能读取 MERGE_MSG"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:664
+#: builtin/commit.c:644
 msgid "could not read SQUASH_MSG"
 msgstr "不能读取 SQUASH_MSG"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:668
+#: builtin/commit.c:648
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not read '%s'"
 msgstr "不能读取 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:720
+#: builtin/commit.c:709
 msgid "could not write commit template"
 msgstr "不能写提交模版"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:731
+#: builtin/commit.c:720
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
@@ -2262,11 +3804,11 @@
 "and try again.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "\n"
-"看起来您正在做一个合并提交。如果不对,请删除文件\n"
+"似乎您正在做一个合并提交。如果不对,请删除文件\n"
 "\t%s\n"
 "然后重试。\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:736
+#: builtin/commit.c:725
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
@@ -2276,182 +3818,379 @@
 "and try again.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "\n"
-"看起来您正在做一个拣选提交。如果不对,请删除文件\n"
+"似乎您正在做一个拣选提交。如果不对,请删除文件\n"
 "\t%s\n"
 "然后重试。\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:748
+#: builtin/commit.c:737
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
-"with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+"with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
 msgstr ""
-"请为您的变更输入提交说明。以 '#' 开始的行将被忽略,而一个空的提交\n"
+"请为您的变更输入提交说明。以 '%c' 开始的行将被忽略,而一个空的提交\n"
 "说明将会终止提交。\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:753
+#: builtin/commit.c:742
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
-"with '#' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
+"with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
 "An empty message aborts the commit.\n"
 msgstr ""
-"请为您的变更输入提交说明。以 '#' 开始的行将被保留,您可以删除它们\n"
-"如果您想这样做的话。而一个空的提交说明将会终止提交。\n"
+"请为您的变更输入提交说明。以 '%c' 开始的行将被保留,如果您原意\n"
+"也可以删除它们。一个空的提交说明将会终止提交。\n"
 
 #  译者:为保证在输出中对齐,注意调整句中空格!
-#: builtin/commit.c:766
+#: builtin/commit.c:755
 #, c-format
 msgid "%sAuthor:    %s"
 msgstr "%s作者:     %s"
 
 #  译者:为保证在输出中对齐,注意调整句中空格!
-#: builtin/commit.c:773
+#: builtin/commit.c:762
 #, c-format
 msgid "%sCommitter: %s"
 msgstr "%s提交者:   %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:793
+#: builtin/commit.c:782
 msgid "Cannot read index"
 msgstr "无法读取索引"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:830
+#: builtin/commit.c:819
 msgid "Error building trees"
 msgstr "无法创建树对象"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:845 builtin/tag.c:361
+#: builtin/commit.c:834 builtin/tag.c:359
 #, c-format
 msgid "Please supply the message using either -m or -F option.\n"
-msgstr "请使用 -m 或者 -F 选项提供提交说明。\n"
+msgstr "请使用 -m 或 -F 选项提供提交说明。\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:942
+#: builtin/commit.c:931
 #, c-format
 msgid "No existing author found with '%s'"
 msgstr "没有找到匹配 '%s' 的作者"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:957 builtin/commit.c:1157
+#: builtin/commit.c:946 builtin/commit.c:1140
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid untracked files mode '%s'"
 msgstr "无效的未追踪文件参数 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:997
+#: builtin/commit.c:976
 msgid "Using both --reset-author and --author does not make sense"
 msgstr "同时使用 --reset-author 和 --author 没有意义"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1008
+#: builtin/commit.c:987
 msgid "You have nothing to amend."
 msgstr "您没有可修补的提交。"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1011
+#: builtin/commit.c:990
 msgid "You are in the middle of a merge -- cannot amend."
 msgstr "您正处于一个合并过程中 -- 无法修补提交。"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1013
+#: builtin/commit.c:992
 msgid "You are in the middle of a cherry-pick -- cannot amend."
 msgstr "您正处于一个拣选过程中 -- 无法修补提交。"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1016
+#: builtin/commit.c:995
 msgid "Options --squash and --fixup cannot be used together"
-msgstr "选项 --squash 和 --fixup 不能共用"
+msgstr "选项 --squash 和 --fixup 不能同时使用"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1026
+#: builtin/commit.c:1005
 msgid "Only one of -c/-C/-F/--fixup can be used."
 msgstr "只能用一个 -c/-C/-F/--fixup 选项。"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1028
+#: builtin/commit.c:1007
 msgid "Option -m cannot be combined with -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
-msgstr "选项 -m 不能和 -c/-C/-F/--fixup 共用。"
+msgstr "选项 -m 不能和 -c/-C/-F/--fixup 同时使用。"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1036
+#: builtin/commit.c:1015
 msgid "--reset-author can be used only with -C, -c or --amend."
-msgstr "--reset-author 只能和 -C、-c 或 --amend 共用。"
+msgstr "--reset-author 只能和 -C、-c 或 --amend 同时使用。"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1053
+#: builtin/commit.c:1032
 msgid "Only one of --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch can be used."
 msgstr "只能用一个 --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch 选项。"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1055
+#: builtin/commit.c:1034
 msgid "No paths with --include/--only does not make sense."
 msgstr "参数 --include/--only 不跟路径没有意义。"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1057
+#: builtin/commit.c:1036
 msgid "Clever... amending the last one with dirty index."
 msgstr "聪明... 在索引不干净下修补最后的提交。"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1059
+#: builtin/commit.c:1038
 msgid "Explicit paths specified without -i nor -o; assuming --only paths..."
 msgstr "指定了明确的路径而没有使用 -i 或 -o 选项;认为是 --only paths..."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1069 builtin/tag.c:577
+#: builtin/commit.c:1048 builtin/tag.c:575
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid cleanup mode %s"
 msgstr "无效的清理模式 %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1074
+#: builtin/commit.c:1053
 msgid "Paths with -a does not make sense."
-msgstr "路径和 -a 选项共用没有意义。"
+msgstr "路径和 -a 选项同时使用没有意义。"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1257
+#: builtin/commit.c:1059 builtin/commit.c:1194
+msgid "--long and -z are incompatible"
+msgstr "--long 和 -z 选项不兼容"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1154 builtin/commit.c:1390
+msgid "show status concisely"
+msgstr "以简洁的格式显示状态"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1156 builtin/commit.c:1392
+msgid "show branch information"
+msgstr "显示分支信息"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1158 builtin/commit.c:1394 builtin/push.c:426
+msgid "machine-readable output"
+msgstr "机器可读的输出"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1161 builtin/commit.c:1396
+msgid "show status in long format (default)"
+msgstr "以长格式显示状态(默认)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1164 builtin/commit.c:1399
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL"
+msgstr "条目以NUL字符结尾"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1166 builtin/commit.c:1402 builtin/fast-export.c:659
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:662 builtin/tag.c:459
+msgid "mode"
+msgstr "模式"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1167 builtin/commit.c:1402
+msgid "show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)"
+msgstr "显示未跟踪的文件,“模式”的可选参数:all、normal、no。(默认:all)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1170
+msgid "show ignored files"
+msgstr "显示忽略的文件"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1171 parse-options.h:151
+msgid "when"
+msgstr "何时"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1172
+msgid ""
+"ignore changes to submodules, optional when: all, dirty, untracked. "
+"(Default: all)"
+msgstr ""
+"忽略子模组的更改,“何时”的可选参数:all、dirty、untracked。(默认:all)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1174
+msgid "list untracked files in columns"
+msgstr "以列的方式显示未跟踪的文件"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1248
 msgid "couldn't look up newly created commit"
 msgstr "无法找到新创建的提交"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1259
+#: builtin/commit.c:1250
 msgid "could not parse newly created commit"
 msgstr "不能解析新创建的提交"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1300
+#: builtin/commit.c:1291
 msgid "detached HEAD"
 msgstr "分离头指针"
 
 #  译者:中文字符串拼接,可删除前导空格
-#: builtin/commit.c:1302
+#: builtin/commit.c:1293
 msgid " (root-commit)"
 msgstr "(根提交)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1446
+#: builtin/commit.c:1360
+msgid "suppress summary after successful commit"
+msgstr "提交成功后不显示概述信息"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1361
+msgid "show diff in commit message template"
+msgstr "在提交说明模板里显示差异"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1363
+msgid "Commit message options"
+msgstr "提交说明选项"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1364 builtin/tag.c:457
+msgid "read message from file"
+msgstr "从文件中读取提交说明"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1365
+msgid "author"
+msgstr "作者"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1365
+msgid "override author for commit"
+msgstr "提交时覆盖作者"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1366 builtin/gc.c:178
+msgid "date"
+msgstr "日期"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1366
+msgid "override date for commit"
+msgstr "提交时覆盖日期"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1367 builtin/merge.c:208 builtin/notes.c:533
+#: builtin/notes.c:690 builtin/tag.c:455
+msgid "message"
+msgstr "说明"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1367
+msgid "commit message"
+msgstr "提交说明"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1368
+msgid "reuse and edit message from specified commit"
+msgstr "重用并编辑指定提交的提交说明"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1369
+msgid "reuse message from specified commit"
+msgstr "重用指定提交的提交说明"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1370
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to fixup specified commit"
+msgstr "使用 autosquash 格式的提交说明用以修正指定的提交"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1371
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to squash specified commit"
+msgstr "使用 autosquash 格式的提交说明用以压缩至指定的提交"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1372
+msgid "the commit is authored by me now (used with -C/-c/--amend)"
+msgstr "现在将该提交的作者改为我(和 -C/-c/--amend 参数共用)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1373 builtin/log.c:1113 builtin/revert.c:109
+msgid "add Signed-off-by:"
+msgstr "添加 Signed-off-by: 签名"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1374
+msgid "use specified template file"
+msgstr "使用指定的模板文件"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1375
+msgid "force edit of commit"
+msgstr "强制编辑提交"
+
+#  译者:可选值,不能翻译(或是原文中笔误,应为 mode)
+#: builtin/commit.c:1376
+msgid "default"
+msgstr "default"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1376 builtin/tag.c:460
+msgid "how to strip spaces and #comments from message"
+msgstr "设置如何删除提交说明里的空格和#注释"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1377
+msgid "include status in commit message template"
+msgstr "在提交说明模板里包含状态信息"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1378 builtin/merge.c:215 builtin/tag.c:461
+msgid "key id"
+msgstr "key id"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1379 builtin/merge.c:216
+msgid "GPG sign commit"
+msgstr "GPG 提交签名"
+
+#. end commit message options
+#: builtin/commit.c:1382
+msgid "Commit contents options"
+msgstr "提交内容选项"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1383
+msgid "commit all changed files"
+msgstr "提交所有改动的文件"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1384
+msgid "add specified files to index for commit"
+msgstr "添加指定的文件到索引区等待提交"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1385
+msgid "interactively add files"
+msgstr "交互式添加文件"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1386
+msgid "interactively add changes"
+msgstr "交互式添加变更"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1387
+msgid "commit only specified files"
+msgstr "只提交指定的文件"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1388
+msgid "bypass pre-commit hook"
+msgstr "绕过 pre-commit 钩子"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1389
+msgid "show what would be committed"
+msgstr "显示将要提交的内容"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1400
+msgid "amend previous commit"
+msgstr "修改先前的提交"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1401
+msgid "bypass post-rewrite hook"
+msgstr "绕过 post-rewrite 钩子"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1406
+msgid "ok to record an empty change"
+msgstr "允许一个空提交"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1409
+msgid "ok to record a change with an empty message"
+msgstr "允许空的提交说明"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1441
 msgid "could not parse HEAD commit"
 msgstr "不能解析 HEAD 提交"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1484 builtin/merge.c:509
+#: builtin/commit.c:1479 builtin/merge.c:510
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not open '%s' for reading"
 msgstr "不能为读入打开 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1491
+#: builtin/commit.c:1486
 #, c-format
 msgid "Corrupt MERGE_HEAD file (%s)"
 msgstr "损坏的 MERGE_HEAD 文件(%s)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1498
+#: builtin/commit.c:1493
 msgid "could not read MERGE_MODE"
 msgstr "不能读取 MERGE_MODE"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1517
+#: builtin/commit.c:1512
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not read commit message: %s"
 msgstr "不能读取提交说明:%s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1531
+#: builtin/commit.c:1526
 #, c-format
 msgid "Aborting commit; you did not edit the message.\n"
 msgstr "终止提交;您未更改来自模版的提交说明。\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1536
+#: builtin/commit.c:1531
 #, c-format
 msgid "Aborting commit due to empty commit message.\n"
 msgstr "终止提交因为提交说明为空。\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1551 builtin/merge.c:936 builtin/merge.c:961
+#: builtin/commit.c:1546 builtin/merge.c:847 builtin/merge.c:872
 msgid "failed to write commit object"
 msgstr "无法写提交对象"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1572
+#: builtin/commit.c:1567
 msgid "cannot lock HEAD ref"
 msgstr "无法锁定 HEAD 引用"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1576
+#: builtin/commit.c:1571
 msgid "cannot update HEAD ref"
 msgstr "无法更新 HEAD 引用"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1587
+#: builtin/commit.c:1582
 msgid ""
 "Repository has been updated, but unable to write\n"
 "new_index file. Check that disk is not full or quota is\n"
@@ -2460,47 +4199,179 @@
 "版本库已更新,但无法写 new_index 文件。检查是否磁盘已满\n"
 "或磁盘配额已耗尽,然后执行 \"git reset HEAD\" 恢复。"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:234
+#: builtin/config.c:7
+msgid "git config [options]"
+msgstr "git config [选项]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:51
+msgid "Config file location"
+msgstr "配置文件位置"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:52
+msgid "use global config file"
+msgstr "使用全局配置文件"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:53
+msgid "use system config file"
+msgstr "使用系统级配置文件"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:54
+msgid "use repository config file"
+msgstr "使用版本库级配置文件"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:55
+msgid "use given config file"
+msgstr "使用指定的配置文件"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:56
+msgid "Action"
+msgstr "操作"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:57
+msgid "get value: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "获取值:name [value-regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:58
+msgid "get all values: key [value-regex]"
+msgstr "获得所有的值:key [value-regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:59
+msgid "get values for regexp: name-regex [value-regex]"
+msgstr "根据正则表达式获得值:name-regex [value-regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:60
+msgid "replace all matching variables: name value [value_regex]"
+msgstr "替换所有匹配的变量:name value [value_regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:61
+msgid "add a new variable: name value"
+msgstr "添加一个新的变量:name value"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:62
+msgid "remove a variable: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "删除一个变量:name [value-regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:63
+msgid "remove all matches: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "删除所有匹配项:name [value-regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:64
+msgid "rename section: old-name new-name"
+msgstr "重命名小节:old-name new-name"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:65
+msgid "remove a section: name"
+msgstr "删除一个小节:name"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:66
+msgid "list all"
+msgstr "列出所有"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:67
+msgid "open an editor"
+msgstr "打开一个编辑器"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:68 builtin/config.c:69
+msgid "slot"
+msgstr "slot"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:68
+msgid "find the color configured: [default]"
+msgstr "找到配置的颜色:[默认]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:69
+msgid "find the color setting: [stdout-is-tty]"
+msgstr "找到颜色设置:[stdout-is-tty]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:70
+msgid "Type"
+msgstr "类型"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:71
+msgid "value is \"true\" or \"false\""
+msgstr "值是 \"true\" 或 \"false\""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:72
+msgid "value is decimal number"
+msgstr "值是十进制数"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:73
+msgid "value is --bool or --int"
+msgstr "值是 --bool or --int"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:74
+msgid "value is a path (file or directory name)"
+msgstr "值是一个路径(文件或目录名)"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:75
+msgid "Other"
+msgstr "其它"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:76
+msgid "terminate values with NUL byte"
+msgstr "终止值是NUL字节"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:77
+msgid "respect include directives on lookup"
+msgstr "查询时参照 include 指令递归查找"
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:82
+msgid "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+msgstr "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:97
+msgid "print sizes in human readable format"
+msgstr "以用户可读的格式显示大小"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:15
+msgid "git describe [options] <committish>*"
+msgstr "git describe [选项] <提交号>*"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:16
+msgid "git describe [options] --dirty"
+msgstr "git describe [选项] --dirty"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:233
 #, c-format
 msgid "annotated tag %s not available"
 msgstr "注释 tag %s 无效"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:238
+#: builtin/describe.c:237
 #, c-format
 msgid "annotated tag %s has no embedded name"
 msgstr "注释 tag %s 没有嵌入名称"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:240
+#: builtin/describe.c:239
 #, c-format
 msgid "tag '%s' is really '%s' here"
 msgstr "tag '%s' 的确是在 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:267
+#: builtin/describe.c:266
 #, c-format
 msgid "Not a valid object name %s"
 msgstr "不是一个有效的对象名 %s"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:270
+#: builtin/describe.c:269
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s is not a valid '%s' object"
 msgstr "%s 不是一个有效的 '%s' 对象"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:287
+#: builtin/describe.c:286
 #, c-format
 msgid "no tag exactly matches '%s'"
 msgstr "没有 tag 准确匹配 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:289
+#: builtin/describe.c:288
 #, c-format
 msgid "searching to describe %s\n"
 msgstr "搜索描述 %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:329
+#: builtin/describe.c:328
 #, c-format
 msgid "finished search at %s\n"
 msgstr "完成搜索 %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:353
+#: builtin/describe.c:352
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "No annotated tags can describe '%s'.\n"
@@ -2509,7 +4380,7 @@
 "没有注释 tag 能描述 '%s'。\n"
 "然而,有非注释 tag:尝试 --tags。"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:357
+#: builtin/describe.c:356
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "No tags can describe '%s'.\n"
@@ -2518,12 +4389,12 @@
 "没有注释 tag 能描述 '%s'。\n"
 "尝试 --always,或者创建一些 tag。"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:378
+#: builtin/describe.c:377
 #, c-format
 msgid "traversed %lu commits\n"
 msgstr "已遍历 %lu 个提交\n"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:381
+#: builtin/describe.c:380
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "more than %i tags found; listed %i most recent\n"
@@ -2532,123 +4403,292 @@
 "发现多于 %i 个 tag,列出最近的 %i 个\n"
 "在 %s 放弃搜索\n"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:436
+#: builtin/describe.c:402
+msgid "find the tag that comes after the commit"
+msgstr "寻找提交之后的 tag(用于描述提交)"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:403
+msgid "debug search strategy on stderr"
+msgstr "在标准错误上调试搜索策略"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:404
+msgid "use any ref"
+msgstr "使用任意引用"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:405
+msgid "use any tag, even unannotated"
+msgstr "使用任意 tag,即使未带注解"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:406
+msgid "always use long format"
+msgstr "始终使用长提交号格式"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:409
+msgid "only output exact matches"
+msgstr "只输出精确匹配"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:411
+msgid "consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)"
+msgstr "考虑最近 <n> 个 tags(默认:10)"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:413
+msgid "only consider tags matching <pattern>"
+msgstr "只考虑匹配 <模式> 的 tags"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:415 builtin/name-rev.c:238
+msgid "show abbreviated commit object as fallback"
+msgstr "显示简写的提交号作为后备"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:416
+msgid "mark"
+msgstr "标记"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:417
+msgid "append <mark> on dirty working tree (default: \"-dirty\")"
+msgstr "若工作区脏(有变更)在结尾添加 <标记>(默认:\"-dirty\")"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:435
 msgid "--long is incompatible with --abbrev=0"
 msgstr "--long 与 --abbrev=0 不兼容"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:462
+#: builtin/describe.c:461
 msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
 msgstr "没有发现名称,无法描述任何东西。"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:482
+#: builtin/describe.c:481
 msgid "--dirty is incompatible with committishes"
-msgstr "--dirty 不能与提交共用"
+msgstr "--dirty 不能与提交同时使用"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:77
+#: builtin/diff.c:79
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': not a regular file or symlink"
 msgstr "'%s':不是一个正规文件或符号链接"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:220
+#: builtin/diff.c:228
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid option: %s"
 msgstr "无效选项:%s"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:297
+#: builtin/diff.c:305
 msgid "Not a git repository"
 msgstr "不是一个 git 版本库"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:347
+#: builtin/diff.c:348
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid object '%s' given."
 msgstr "提供了无效对象 '%s'。"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:352
+#: builtin/diff.c:353
 #, c-format
 msgid "more than %d trees given: '%s'"
 msgstr "提供了超过 %d 个树对象:'%s'"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:362
+#: builtin/diff.c:363
 #, c-format
 msgid "more than two blobs given: '%s'"
-msgstr "提供了超过两个 blob 对象:'%s'"
+msgstr "提供了超过两个数据(blob)对象:'%s'"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:370
+#: builtin/diff.c:371
 #, c-format
 msgid "unhandled object '%s' given."
 msgstr "提供了无法处理的对象 '%s'。"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:200
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:22
+msgid "git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"
+msgstr "git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:658
+msgid "show progress after <n> objects"
+msgstr "在 <n> 个对象之后显示进度"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:660
+msgid "select handling of signed tags"
+msgstr "选择如何处理签名 tags"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:663
+msgid "select handling of tags that tag filtered objects"
+msgstr "选择当 tag 指向被过滤时 tags 的处理方式"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:666
+msgid "Dump marks to this file"
+msgstr "把标记存储到这个文件"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:668
+msgid "Import marks from this file"
+msgstr "从这个文件导入标记"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:670
+msgid "Fake a tagger when tags lack one"
+msgstr "当 tags 缺少标记者字段时,假装提供一个"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:672
+msgid "Output full tree for each commit"
+msgstr "每次提交都输出整个树"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:674
+msgid "Use the done feature to terminate the stream"
+msgstr "使用 done 功能来终止流"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:675
+msgid "Skip output of blob data"
+msgstr "跳过数据对象的输出"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:20
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git fetch [<选项>] [<版本库> [<引用表达式>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:21
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] <group>"
+msgstr "git fetch [<选项>] <组>"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:22
+msgid "git fetch --multiple [<options>] [(<repository> | <group>)...]"
+msgstr "git fetch --multiple [<选项>] [(<版本库> | <组>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:23
+msgid "git fetch --all [<options>]"
+msgstr "git fetch --all [<选项>]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:60
+msgid "fetch from all remotes"
+msgstr "从所有的远程抓取"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:62
+msgid "append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting"
+msgstr "追加到 .git/FETCH_HEAD 而不是覆盖它"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:64
+msgid "path to upload pack on remote end"
+msgstr "上传包到远程的路径"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:65
+msgid "force overwrite of local branch"
+msgstr "强制覆盖本地分支"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:67
+msgid "fetch from multiple remotes"
+msgstr "从多个远程抓取"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:69
+msgid "fetch all tags and associated objects"
+msgstr "抓取所有的 tags 和关联对象"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:71
+msgid "do not fetch all tags (--no-tags)"
+msgstr "不抓取任何 tags (--no-tags)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:73
+msgid "prune remote-tracking branches no longer on remote"
+msgstr "清除远程已经不存在的分支的跟踪分支"
+
+#  译者:可选值,不能翻译
+#: builtin/fetch.c:74
+msgid "on-demand"
+msgstr "on-demand"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:75
+msgid "control recursive fetching of submodules"
+msgstr "控制子模组的递归抓取"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:79
+msgid "keep downloaded pack"
+msgstr "保持下载包"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:81
+msgid "allow updating of HEAD ref"
+msgstr "允许更新 HEAD 引用"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:84
+msgid "deepen history of shallow clone"
+msgstr "深化浅克隆的历史"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:86
+msgid "convert to a complete repository"
+msgstr "转换为一个完整的版本库"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:88 builtin/log.c:1130
+msgid "dir"
+msgstr "目录"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:89
+msgid "prepend this to submodule path output"
+msgstr "在子模组路径输出的前面加上此目录"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:92
+msgid "default mode for recursion"
+msgstr "递归的默认模式"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:204
 msgid "Couldn't find remote ref HEAD"
 msgstr "无法发现远程 HEAD 引用"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:253
+#: builtin/fetch.c:257
 #, c-format
 msgid "object %s not found"
 msgstr "对象 %s 未发现"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:259
+#: builtin/fetch.c:262
 msgid "[up to date]"
 msgstr "[最新]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:273
+#: builtin/fetch.c:276
 #, c-format
 msgid "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (can't fetch in current branch)"
 msgstr "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (在当前分支下不能获取)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:274 builtin/fetch.c:360
+#: builtin/fetch.c:277 builtin/fetch.c:363
 msgid "[rejected]"
 msgstr "[已拒绝]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:285
+#: builtin/fetch.c:288
 msgid "[tag update]"
 msgstr "[tag更新]"
 
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
-#: builtin/fetch.c:287 builtin/fetch.c:322 builtin/fetch.c:340
+#: builtin/fetch.c:290 builtin/fetch.c:325 builtin/fetch.c:343
 msgid "  (unable to update local ref)"
 msgstr "  (不能更新本地引用)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:305
+#: builtin/fetch.c:308
 msgid "[new tag]"
 msgstr "[新tag]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:308
+#: builtin/fetch.c:311
 msgid "[new branch]"
 msgstr "[新分支]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:311
+#: builtin/fetch.c:314
 msgid "[new ref]"
 msgstr "[新引用]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:356
+#: builtin/fetch.c:359
 msgid "unable to update local ref"
 msgstr "不能更新本地引用"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:356
+#: builtin/fetch.c:359
 msgid "forced update"
 msgstr "强制更新"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:362
+#: builtin/fetch.c:365
 msgid "(non-fast-forward)"
 msgstr "(非快进式)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:393 builtin/fetch.c:685
+#: builtin/fetch.c:396 builtin/fetch.c:688
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open %s: %s\n"
 msgstr "无法打开 %s:%s\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:402
+#: builtin/fetch.c:405
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s did not send all necessary objects\n"
 msgstr "%s 未发送所有必须的对象\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:488
+#: builtin/fetch.c:491
 #, c-format
 msgid "From %.*s\n"
 msgstr "来自 %.*s\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:499
+#: builtin/fetch.c:502
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "some local refs could not be updated; try running\n"
@@ -2658,82 +4698,209 @@
 " 'git remote prune %s' 来删除旧的、有冲突的分支"
 
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
-#: builtin/fetch.c:549
+#: builtin/fetch.c:552
 #, c-format
 msgid "   (%s will become dangling)"
-msgstr "   (%s 将成为悬空状态)"
+msgstr "   (%s 将成为摇摆状态)"
 
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
-#: builtin/fetch.c:550
+#: builtin/fetch.c:553
 #, c-format
 msgid "   (%s has become dangling)"
-msgstr "   (%s 已成为悬空状态)"
+msgstr "   (%s 已成为摇摆状态)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:557
+#: builtin/fetch.c:560
 msgid "[deleted]"
 msgstr "[已删除]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:558 builtin/remote.c:1055
+#: builtin/fetch.c:561 builtin/remote.c:1055
 msgid "(none)"
 msgstr "(无)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:675
+#: builtin/fetch.c:678
 #, c-format
 msgid "Refusing to fetch into current branch %s of non-bare repository"
 msgstr "拒绝获取到非裸版本库的当前分支 %s"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:709
+#: builtin/fetch.c:712
 #, c-format
 msgid "Don't know how to fetch from %s"
 msgstr "不知道如何从 %s 获取"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:786
+#: builtin/fetch.c:789
 #, c-format
 msgid "Option \"%s\" value \"%s\" is not valid for %s"
 msgstr "选项 \"%s\" 的值 \"%s\" 对于 %s 是无效的"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:789
+#: builtin/fetch.c:792
 #, c-format
 msgid "Option \"%s\" is ignored for %s\n"
 msgstr "选项 \"%s\" 为 %s 所忽略\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:888
+#: builtin/fetch.c:894
 #, c-format
 msgid "Fetching %s\n"
 msgstr "正在获取 %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:890 builtin/remote.c:100
+#: builtin/fetch.c:896 builtin/remote.c:100
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not fetch %s"
 msgstr "不能获取 %s"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:907
+#: builtin/fetch.c:915
 msgid ""
 "No remote repository specified.  Please, specify either a URL or a\n"
 "remote name from which new revisions should be fetched."
 msgstr "未指定远程版本库。请通过一个URL或远程版本库名指定,用以获取新提交。"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:927
+#: builtin/fetch.c:935
 msgid "You need to specify a tag name."
 msgstr "您需要指定一个 tag 名称。"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:979
+#: builtin/fetch.c:981
+msgid "--depth and --unshallow cannot be used together"
+msgstr "--depth 和 --unshallow 不能同时使用"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:983
+msgid "--unshallow on a complete repository does not make sense"
+msgstr "对于一个完整的版本库,参数 --unshallow 没有意义"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1002
 msgid "fetch --all does not take a repository argument"
 msgstr "fetch --all 不能带一个版本库参数"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:981
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1004
 msgid "fetch --all does not make sense with refspecs"
 msgstr "fetch --all 带引用表达式没有任何意义"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:992
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1015
 #, c-format
 msgid "No such remote or remote group: %s"
 msgstr "没有这样的远程或远程组:%s"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:1000
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1023
 msgid "Fetching a group and specifying refspecs does not make sense"
 msgstr "获取组并指定引用表达式没有意义"
 
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:13
+msgid "git fmt-merge-msg [-m <message>] [--log[=<n>]|--no-log] [--file <file>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git fmt-merge-msg [-m <message>] [--log[=<n>]|--no-log] [--file <file>]"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:663 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:666 builtin/grep.c:701
+#: builtin/merge.c:188 builtin/show-branch.c:655 builtin/show-ref.c:175
+#: builtin/tag.c:446 parse-options.h:133 parse-options.h:239
+msgid "n"
+msgstr "n"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:664
+msgid "populate log with at most <n> entries from shortlog"
+msgstr "向提交说明中最多复制指定条目(合并而来的提交)的简短说明"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:667
+msgid "alias for --log (deprecated)"
+msgstr "参数 --log 的别名(已弃用)"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:670
+msgid "text"
+msgstr "文本"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:671
+msgid "use <text> as start of message"
+msgstr "使用 <文本> 作为提交说明的开始"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:672
+msgid "file to read from"
+msgstr "从文件中读取"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:979
+msgid "git for-each-ref [options] [<pattern>]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [选项] [<模式>]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:994
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for shells"
+msgstr "引用占位符适用于 shells"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:996
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for perl"
+msgstr "引用占位符适用于 perl"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:998
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for python"
+msgstr "引用占位符适用于 python"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1000
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for tcl"
+msgstr "引用占位符适用于 tcl"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1003
+msgid "show only <n> matched refs"
+msgstr "只显示 <n> 个匹配的引用"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1004
+msgid "format"
+msgstr "格式"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1004
+msgid "format to use for the output"
+msgstr "输出格式"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1005
+msgid "key"
+msgstr "key"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1006
+msgid "field name to sort on"
+msgstr "排序的字段名"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:608
+msgid "git fsck [options] [<object>...]"
+msgstr "git fsck [选项] [<对象>...]"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:614
+msgid "show unreachable objects"
+msgstr "显示不可达的对象"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:615
+msgid "show dangling objects"
+msgstr "显示摇摆的对象"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:616
+msgid "report tags"
+msgstr "报告 tags"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:617
+msgid "report root nodes"
+msgstr "报告根节点"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:618
+msgid "make index objects head nodes"
+msgstr "将索引亦作为检查的头节点"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:619
+msgid "make reflogs head nodes (default)"
+msgstr "将引用日志作为检查的头节点(默认)"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:620
+msgid "also consider packs and alternate objects"
+msgstr "也考虑包和备用对象"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:621
+msgid "enable more strict checking"
+msgstr "启用更严格的检查"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:623
+msgid "write dangling objects in .git/lost-found"
+msgstr "将摇摆对象写入 .git/lost-found 中"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:624 builtin/prune.c:134
+msgid "show progress"
+msgstr "显示进度"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:22
+msgid "git gc [options]"
+msgstr "git gc [选项]"
+
 #: builtin/gc.c:63
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid %s: '%s'"
@@ -2744,12 +4911,19 @@
 msgid "insanely long object directory %.*s"
 msgstr "不正常的长对象目录 %.*s"
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:221
-#, c-format
-msgid "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance.\n"
-msgstr "自动打包版本库以求最佳性能。\n"
+#: builtin/gc.c:179
+msgid "prune unreferenced objects"
+msgstr "清除未引用的对象"
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:224
+#: builtin/gc.c:181
+msgid "be more thorough (increased runtime)"
+msgstr "更彻底(增加运行时间)"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:182
+msgid "enable auto-gc mode"
+msgstr "启用自动垃圾回收模式"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:222
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance. You may also\n"
@@ -2758,94 +4932,322 @@
 "自动打包版本库以求最佳性能。您还可以手动运行 \"git gc\"。\n"
 "参见 \"git help gc\" 以获取更多信息。\n"
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:251
+#: builtin/gc.c:249
 msgid ""
 "There are too many unreachable loose objects; run 'git prune' to remove them."
 msgstr "有太多不可达的松散对象,运行 'git prune' 删除它们。"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:216
+#: builtin/grep.c:22
+msgid "git grep [options] [-e] <pattern> [<rev>...] [[--] <path>...]"
+msgstr "git grep [选项] [-e] <模式> [<修订>...] [[--] <路径>...]"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:217
 #, c-format
 msgid "grep: failed to create thread: %s"
 msgstr "grep:无法创建线程:%s"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:402
+#: builtin/grep.c:365
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to chdir: %s"
 msgstr "无法切换目录:%s"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:478 builtin/grep.c:512
+#: builtin/grep.c:443 builtin/grep.c:478
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to read tree (%s)"
 msgstr "无法读取树(%s)"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:526
+#: builtin/grep.c:493
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to grep from object of type %s"
 msgstr "无法抓取来自于 %s 类型的对象"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:584
+#: builtin/grep.c:551
 #, c-format
 msgid "switch `%c' expects a numerical value"
 msgstr "开关 `%c' 期望一个数字值"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:601
+#: builtin/grep.c:568
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open '%s'"
 msgstr "不能打开 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:885
+#: builtin/grep.c:643
+msgid "search in index instead of in the work tree"
+msgstr "在索引区搜索而不是在工作区"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:645
+msgid "find in contents not managed by git"
+msgstr "在未被 git 管理的内容中查找"
+
+#  译者:中文字符串拼接,可删除前导空格
+#: builtin/grep.c:647
+msgid "search in both tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr "在跟踪和未跟踪的文件中搜索"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:649
+msgid "search also in ignored files"
+msgstr "也在忽略的文件中搜索"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:652
+msgid "show non-matching lines"
+msgstr "显示未匹配的行"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:654
+msgid "case insensitive matching"
+msgstr "不区分大小写匹配"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:656
+msgid "match patterns only at word boundaries"
+msgstr "只在单词边界匹配模式"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:658
+msgid "process binary files as text"
+msgstr "把二进制文件当做文本处理"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:660
+msgid "don't match patterns in binary files"
+msgstr "不在二进制文件中匹配模式"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:663
+msgid "descend at most <depth> levels"
+msgstr "最多以指定的深度向下寻找"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:667
+msgid "use extended POSIX regular expressions"
+msgstr "使用扩展的 POSIX 正则表达式"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:670
+msgid "use basic POSIX regular expressions (default)"
+msgstr "使用基本的 POSIX 正则表达式(默认)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:673
+msgid "interpret patterns as fixed strings"
+msgstr "把模式解析为固定的字符串"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:676
+msgid "use Perl-compatible regular expressions"
+msgstr "使用 Perl 兼容的正则表达式"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:679
+msgid "show line numbers"
+msgstr "显示行号"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:680
+msgid "don't show filenames"
+msgstr "不显示文件名"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:681
+msgid "show filenames"
+msgstr "显示文件名"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:683
+msgid "show filenames relative to top directory"
+msgstr "显示相对于顶级目录的文件名"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:685
+msgid "show only filenames instead of matching lines"
+msgstr "只显示文件名而不显示匹配的行"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:687
+msgid "synonym for --files-with-matches"
+msgstr "和 --files-with-matches 同义"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:690
+msgid "show only the names of files without match"
+msgstr "只显示未匹配的文件名"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:692
+msgid "print NUL after filenames"
+msgstr "在文件名后输出 NUL 字符"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:694
+msgid "show the number of matches instead of matching lines"
+msgstr "显示总匹配行数,而不显示匹配的行"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:695
+msgid "highlight matches"
+msgstr "高亮显示匹配项"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:697
+msgid "print empty line between matches from different files"
+msgstr "在不同文件的匹配项之间打印空行"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:699
+msgid "show filename only once above matches from same file"
+msgstr "只在同一文件的匹配项的上面显示一次文件名"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:702
+msgid "show <n> context lines before and after matches"
+msgstr "显示匹配项前后的 <n> 行上下文"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:705
+msgid "show <n> context lines before matches"
+msgstr "显示匹配项前 <n> 行上下文"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:707
+msgid "show <n> context lines after matches"
+msgstr "显示匹配项后 <n> 行上下文"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:708
+msgid "shortcut for -C NUM"
+msgstr "快捷键 -C 数字"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:711
+msgid "show a line with the function name before matches"
+msgstr "在匹配的前面显示一行函数名"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:713
+msgid "show the surrounding function"
+msgstr "显示所在函数的前后内容"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:716
+msgid "read patterns from file"
+msgstr "从文件读取模式"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:718
+msgid "match <pattern>"
+msgstr "匹配 <模式>"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:720
+msgid "combine patterns specified with -e"
+msgstr "组合用 -e 参数设定的模式"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:732
+msgid "indicate hit with exit status without output"
+msgstr "不输出,而用退出码标识命中状态"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:734
+msgid "show only matches from files that match all patterns"
+msgstr "只显示匹配所有模式的文件中的匹配"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:736
+msgid "show parse tree for grep expression"
+msgstr "显示 grep 表达式的解析树"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:740
+msgid "pager"
+msgstr "分页"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:740
+msgid "show matching files in the pager"
+msgstr "分页显示匹配的文件"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:743
+msgid "allow calling of grep(1) (ignored by this build)"
+msgstr "允许调用 grep(1)(本次构建忽略)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:744 builtin/show-ref.c:184
+msgid "show usage"
+msgstr "显示用法"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:811
 msgid "no pattern given."
 msgstr "未提供模式匹配。"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:899
-#, c-format
-msgid "bad object %s"
-msgstr "坏对象 %s"
-
-#: builtin/grep.c:940
+#: builtin/grep.c:866
 msgid "--open-files-in-pager only works on the worktree"
 msgstr "--open-files-in-pager 仅用于工作区"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:963
+#: builtin/grep.c:889
 msgid "--cached or --untracked cannot be used with --no-index."
-msgstr "--cached 或 --untracked 不能与 --no-index 共用。"
+msgstr "--cached 或 --untracked 不能与 --no-index 同时使用。"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:968
+#: builtin/grep.c:894
 msgid "--no-index or --untracked cannot be used with revs."
-msgstr "--no-index 或 --untracked 不能和版本共用。"
+msgstr "--no-index 或 --untracked 不能和版本同时使用。"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:971
+#: builtin/grep.c:897
 msgid "--[no-]exclude-standard cannot be used for tracked contents."
 msgstr "--[no-]exclude-standard 不能用于已跟踪内容。"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:979
+#: builtin/grep.c:905
 msgid "both --cached and trees are given."
 msgstr "同时给出了 --cached 和树对象。"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:59
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:60
+msgid ""
+"git hash-object [-t <type>] [-w] [--path=<file>|--no-filters] [--stdin] [--] "
+"<file>..."
+msgstr ""
+"git hash-object [-t <类型>] [-w] [--path=<文件>|--no-filters] [--stdin] [--] "
+"<文件>..."
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:61
+msgid "git hash-object  --stdin-paths < <list-of-paths>"
+msgstr "git hash-object  --stdin-paths < <路径列表>"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:72
+msgid "type"
+msgstr "类型"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:72
+msgid "object type"
+msgstr "对象类型"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:73
+msgid "write the object into the object database"
+msgstr "将对象写入对象数据库"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:74
+msgid "read the object from stdin"
+msgstr "从标准输入读取对象"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:76
+msgid "store file as is without filters"
+msgstr "原样存储文件不使用过滤器"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:77
+msgid "process file as it were from this path"
+msgstr "处理文件并假设其来自于此路径"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:43
+msgid "print all available commands"
+msgstr "打印所有可用的命令"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:44
+msgid "print list of useful guides"
+msgstr "显示有用的指南列表"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:45
+msgid "show man page"
+msgstr "显示 man 手册"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:46
+msgid "show manual in web browser"
+msgstr "在 web 浏览器中显示手册"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:48
+msgid "show info page"
+msgstr "显示 info 手册"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:54
+msgid "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man|--web|--info] [command]"
+msgstr "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man|--web|--info] [命令]"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:66
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized help format '%s'"
 msgstr "未能识别的帮助格式 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:87
+#: builtin/help.c:94
 msgid "Failed to start emacsclient."
 msgstr "无法启动 emacsclient。"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:100
+#: builtin/help.c:107
 msgid "Failed to parse emacsclient version."
 msgstr "无法解析 emacsclient 版本。"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:108
+#: builtin/help.c:115
 #, c-format
 msgid "emacsclient version '%d' too old (< 22)."
-msgstr "emacsclient 版本 '%d' 太老 (< 22)。"
+msgstr "emacsclient 版本 '%d' 太老(< 22)。"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:126 builtin/help.c:154 builtin/help.c:163 builtin/help.c:171
+#: builtin/help.c:133 builtin/help.c:161 builtin/help.c:170 builtin/help.c:178
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to exec '%s': %s"
 msgstr "无法执行 '%s':%s"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:211
+#: builtin/help.c:218
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s': path for unsupported man viewer.\n"
@@ -2854,7 +5256,7 @@
 "'%s':不支持的 man 手册查看器的路径。\n"
 "请使用 'man.<tool>.cmd'。"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:223
+#: builtin/help.c:230
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s': cmd for supported man viewer.\n"
@@ -2863,266 +5265,335 @@
 "'%s': 支持的 man 手册查看器命令。\n"
 "请使用 'man.<tool>.path'。"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:287
-msgid "The most commonly used git commands are:"
-msgstr "最常用的 git 命令有:"
-
-#: builtin/help.c:355
+#: builtin/help.c:351
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': unknown man viewer."
 msgstr "'%s':未知的 man 查看器。"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:372
+#: builtin/help.c:368
 msgid "no man viewer handled the request"
 msgstr "没有 man 查看器处理此请求"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:380
+#: builtin/help.c:376
 msgid "no info viewer handled the request"
 msgstr "没有 info 查看器处理此请求"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:391
-#, c-format
-msgid "'%s': not a documentation directory."
-msgstr "'%s':不是一个文档目录。"
+#: builtin/help.c:422
+msgid "Defining attributes per path"
+msgstr "定义路径的属性"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:432 builtin/help.c:439
+#: builtin/help.c:423
+msgid "A Git glossary"
+msgstr "Git 词汇表"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:424
+msgid "Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore"
+msgstr "忽略指定的未跟踪文件"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:425
+msgid "Defining submodule properties"
+msgstr "定义子模组属性"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:426
+msgid "Specifying revisions and ranges for Git"
+msgstr "指定 Git 的版本和版本范围"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:427
+msgid "A tutorial introduction to Git (for version 1.5.1 or newer)"
+msgstr "一个 Git 教程(针对 1.5.1 或更新版本)"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:428
+msgid "An overview of recommended workflows with Git"
+msgstr "Git 推荐的工作流概览"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:440
+msgid "The common Git guides are:\n"
+msgstr "最常用的 Git 向导有:\n"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:462 builtin/help.c:478
 #, c-format
 msgid "usage: %s%s"
 msgstr "用法:%s%s"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:453
+#: builtin/help.c:494
 #, c-format
 msgid "`git %s' is aliased to `%s'"
 msgstr "`git %s' 是 `%s' 的别名"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:169
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:182
 #, c-format
 msgid "object type mismatch at %s"
 msgstr "%s 的对象类型不匹配"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:189
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:202
 msgid "object of unexpected type"
 msgstr "意外的类型的对象"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:226
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:239
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot fill %d byte"
 msgid_plural "cannot fill %d bytes"
 msgstr[0] "无法填充 %d 字节"
 msgstr[1] "无法填充 %d 字节"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:236
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:249
 msgid "early EOF"
 msgstr "过早的文件结束符(EOF)"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:237
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:250
 msgid "read error on input"
 msgstr "输入上的读错误"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:249
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:262
 msgid "used more bytes than were available"
 msgstr "用掉了超过可用的字节"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:256
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:269
 msgid "pack too large for current definition of off_t"
 msgstr "包太大超过了当前 off_t 的定义"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:272
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:285
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to create '%s'"
 msgstr "不能创建 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:277
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:290
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open packfile '%s'"
 msgstr "无法打开包文件 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:291
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:304
 msgid "pack signature mismatch"
 msgstr "包签名不匹配"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:311
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:306
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack version %<PRIu32> unsupported"
+msgstr "不支持包版本 %<PRIu32>"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:324
 #, c-format
 msgid "pack has bad object at offset %lu: %s"
 msgstr "包中有错误的对象位于 %lu:%s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:405
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:446
 #, c-format
 msgid "inflate returned %d"
 msgstr "解压缩返回 %d"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:450
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:495
 msgid "offset value overflow for delta base object"
 msgstr "偏移值覆盖了 delta 基准对象"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:458
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:503
 msgid "delta base offset is out of bound"
 msgstr "delta 基准偏移越界"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:466
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:511
 #, c-format
 msgid "unknown object type %d"
 msgstr "未知对象类型 %d"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:495
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:542
 msgid "cannot pread pack file"
 msgstr "无法读取包文件"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:497
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:544
 #, c-format
 msgid "premature end of pack file, %lu byte missing"
 msgid_plural "premature end of pack file, %lu bytes missing"
 msgstr[0] "包文件过早结束,缺少 %lu 字节"
 msgstr[1] "包文件过早结束,缺少 %lu 字节"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:510
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:570
 msgid "serious inflate inconsistency"
 msgstr "解压缩严重的不一致"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:583
-#, c-format
-msgid "cannot read existing object %s"
-msgstr "不能读取现存对象 %s"
-
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:586
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:661 builtin/index-pack.c:667 builtin/index-pack.c:690
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:724 builtin/index-pack.c:733
 #, c-format
 msgid "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"
 msgstr "发现 %s 出现 SHA1 冲突!"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:598
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:664 builtin/pack-objects.c:170
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:262
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read %s"
+msgstr "不能读 %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:730
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read existing object %s"
+msgstr "不能读取现存对象 %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:744
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid blob object %s"
-msgstr "无效的 blob 对象 %s"
+msgstr "无效的数据(blob)对象 %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:610
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:759
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid %s"
 msgstr "无效的 %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:612
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:761
 msgid "Error in object"
 msgstr "对象中出错"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:614
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:763
 #, c-format
 msgid "Not all child objects of %s are reachable"
 msgstr "%s 的所有子对象并非都可达"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:687 builtin/index-pack.c:713
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:833 builtin/index-pack.c:863
 msgid "failed to apply delta"
 msgstr "无法应用 delta"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:850
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1004
 msgid "Receiving objects"
 msgstr "接收对象中"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:850
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1004
 msgid "Indexing objects"
 msgstr "索引对象中"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:872
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1030
 msgid "pack is corrupted (SHA1 mismatch)"
 msgstr "包冲突(SHA1 不匹配)"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:877
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1035
 msgid "cannot fstat packfile"
 msgstr "不能枚举包文件状态"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:880
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1038
 msgid "pack has junk at the end"
 msgstr "包的结尾有垃圾数据"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:903
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1049
+msgid "confusion beyond insanity in parse_pack_objects()"
+msgstr "parse_pack_objects() 中遇到不可理喻的问题"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1072
 msgid "Resolving deltas"
 msgstr "处理 delta 中"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:954
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1082
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create thread: %s"
+msgstr "不能创建线程:%s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1124
 msgid "confusion beyond insanity"
 msgstr "不可理喻"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:973
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1132
+#, c-format
+msgid "completed with %d local objects"
+msgstr "完成 %d 个本地对象"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1142
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unexpected tail checksum for %s (disk corruption?)"
+msgstr "对 %s 的尾部校验出现意外(磁盘损坏?)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1146
 #, c-format
 msgid "pack has %d unresolved delta"
 msgid_plural "pack has %d unresolved deltas"
 msgstr[0] "包有 %d 个未解决的 delta"
 msgstr[1] "包有 %d 个未解决的 delta"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:998
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1171
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to deflate appended object (%d)"
-msgstr "不能缩小附加对象(%d)"
+msgstr "不能压缩附加对象(%d)"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1077
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1250
 #, c-format
 msgid "local object %s is corrupt"
 msgstr "本地对象 %s 已损坏"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1101
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1274
 msgid "error while closing pack file"
 msgstr "关闭包文件时出错"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1114
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1287
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot write keep file '%s'"
 msgstr "无法写保留文件 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1122
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1295
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot close written keep file '%s'"
 msgstr "无法关闭保留文件 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1135
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1308
 msgid "cannot store pack file"
 msgstr "无法存储包文件"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1146
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1319
 msgid "cannot store index file"
 msgstr "无法存储索引文件"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1247
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1352
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
+msgstr "坏的 pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1358
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid number of threads specified (%d)"
+msgstr "指定的线程数无效(%d)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1362 builtin/index-pack.c:1535
+#, c-format
+msgid "no threads support, ignoring %s"
+msgstr "没有线程支持,忽略 %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1420
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot open existing pack file '%s'"
 msgstr "无法打开现存包文件 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1249
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1422
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot open existing pack idx file for '%s'"
 msgstr "无法为 %s 打开包索引文件"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1296
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1469
 #, c-format
 msgid "non delta: %d object"
 msgid_plural "non delta: %d objects"
 msgstr[0] "非 delta:%d 个对象"
 msgstr[1] "非 delta:%d 个对象"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1303
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1476
 #, c-format
 msgid "chain length = %d: %lu object"
 msgid_plural "chain length = %d: %lu objects"
 msgstr[0] "链长 = %d: %lu 对象"
 msgstr[1] "链长 = %d: %lu 对象"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1330
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1503
 msgid "Cannot come back to cwd"
 msgstr "无法返回当前工作目录"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1374 builtin/index-pack.c:1377
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1389 builtin/index-pack.c:1393
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1547 builtin/index-pack.c:1550
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1562 builtin/index-pack.c:1566
 #, c-format
 msgid "bad %s"
 msgstr "错误选项 %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1407
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1580
 msgid "--fix-thin cannot be used without --stdin"
-msgstr "--fix-thin 不能和 --stdin 共用"
+msgstr "--fix-thin 不能和 --stdin 同时使用"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1411 builtin/index-pack.c:1421
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1584 builtin/index-pack.c:1594
 #, c-format
 msgid "packfile name '%s' does not end with '.pack'"
 msgstr "包名 '%s' 没有以 '.pack' 结尾"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1430
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1603
 msgid "--verify with no packfile name given"
 msgstr "--verify 没有提供包名参数"
 
@@ -3196,22 +5667,22 @@
 msgid "insane git directory %s"
 msgstr "不正常的 git 目录 %s"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:322 builtin/init-db.c:325
+#: builtin/init-db.c:323 builtin/init-db.c:326
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s already exists"
 msgstr "%s 已经存在"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:354
+#: builtin/init-db.c:355
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to handle file type %d"
 msgstr "不能处理 %d 类型的文件"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:357
+#: builtin/init-db.c:358
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to move %s to %s"
 msgstr "不能移动 %s 至 %s"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:362
+#: builtin/init-db.c:363
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not create git link %s"
 msgstr "不能创建 git link %s"
@@ -3221,39 +5692,59 @@
 #. * existing" or "Initialized empty", the second " shared" or
 #. * "", and the last '%s%s' is the verbatim directory name.
 #.
-#: builtin/init-db.c:419
+#: builtin/init-db.c:420
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s%s Git repository in %s%s\n"
 msgstr "%s%s Git 版本库于 %s%s\n"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:420
+#: builtin/init-db.c:421
 msgid "Reinitialized existing"
 msgstr "重新初始化现存的"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:420
+#: builtin/init-db.c:421
 msgid "Initialized empty"
 msgstr "初始化空的"
 
 #  译者:中文字符串拼接,可删除前导空格
-#: builtin/init-db.c:421
+#: builtin/init-db.c:422
 msgid " shared"
 msgstr "共享"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:440
+#: builtin/init-db.c:441
 msgid "cannot tell cwd"
 msgstr "无法获知当前路径"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:521 builtin/init-db.c:528
+#: builtin/init-db.c:467
+msgid ""
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<template-directory>] [--"
+"shared[=<permissions>]] [directory]"
+msgstr ""
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<模板目录>] [--shared[=<权限>]] "
+"[目录]"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:490
+msgid "permissions"
+msgstr "权限"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:491
+msgid "specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users"
+msgstr "指定 git 版本库是多个用户之间共享的"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:493 builtin/prune-packed.c:77
+msgid "be quiet"
+msgstr "保持安静"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:522 builtin/init-db.c:529
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot mkdir %s"
 msgstr "不能创建目录 %s"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:532
+#: builtin/init-db.c:533
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot chdir to %s"
 msgstr "不能切换目录到 %s"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:554
+#: builtin/init-db.c:555
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "%s (or --work-tree=<directory>) not allowed without specifying %s (or --git-"
@@ -3262,113 +5753,400 @@
 "不允许 %s(或 --work-tree=<directory>)而没有指定 %s(或 --git-"
 "dir=<directory>)"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:578
+#: builtin/init-db.c:579
 msgid "Cannot access current working directory"
 msgstr "不能访问当前工作目录"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:585
+#: builtin/init-db.c:586
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot access work tree '%s'"
 msgstr "不能访问工作区 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:188
+#: builtin/log.c:40
+msgid "git log [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] <path>...]\n"
+msgstr "git log [<选项>] [<版本范围>] [[--] <路径>...]\n"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:41
+msgid "   or: git show [options] <object>..."
+msgstr "   或者:git show [选项] <对象>..."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:103
+msgid "suppress diff output"
+msgstr "不显示差异输出"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:104
+msgid "show source"
+msgstr "显示源"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:105
+msgid "Use mail map file"
+msgstr "使用邮件映射文件"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:106
+msgid "decorate options"
+msgstr "修饰选项"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:199
 #, c-format
 msgid "Final output: %d %s\n"
 msgstr "最终输出:%d %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:401 builtin/log.c:489
+#: builtin/log.c:422 builtin/log.c:514
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not read object %s"
 msgstr "不能读取对象 %s"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:513
+#: builtin/log.c:538
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown type: %d"
 msgstr "未知类型:%d"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:602
+#: builtin/log.c:638
 msgid "format.headers without value"
 msgstr "format.headers 没有值"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:676
+#: builtin/log.c:720
 msgid "name of output directory is too long"
 msgstr "输出目录名太长"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:687
+#: builtin/log.c:736
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot open patch file %s"
 msgstr "无法打开补丁文件 %s"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:701
+#: builtin/log.c:750
 msgid "Need exactly one range."
 msgstr "只需要一个范围。"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:709
+#: builtin/log.c:758
 msgid "Not a range."
 msgstr "不是一个范围。"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:786
+#: builtin/log.c:860
 msgid "Cover letter needs email format"
 msgstr "信封需要邮件地址格式"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:859
+#: builtin/log.c:936
 #, c-format
 msgid "insane in-reply-to: %s"
 msgstr "不正常的 in-reply-to:%s"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:932
+#: builtin/log.c:964
+msgid "git format-patch [options] [<since> | <revision range>]"
+msgstr "git format-patch [选项] [<从> | <修订集范围>]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1009
 msgid "Two output directories?"
 msgstr "两个输出目录?"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1153
-#, c-format
-msgid "bogus committer info %s"
-msgstr "虚假的提交者信息 %s"
+#: builtin/log.c:1108
+msgid "use [PATCH n/m] even with a single patch"
+msgstr "使用 [PATCH n/m],即使只有一个补丁"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1198
+#: builtin/log.c:1111
+msgid "use [PATCH] even with multiple patches"
+msgstr "使用 [PATCH],即使有多个补丁"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1115
+msgid "print patches to standard out"
+msgstr "打印补丁到标准输出"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1117
+msgid "generate a cover letter"
+msgstr "生成一封附信"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1119
+msgid "use simple number sequence for output file names"
+msgstr "使用简单的数字序列作为输出文件名"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1120
+msgid "sfx"
+msgstr "后缀"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1121
+msgid "use <sfx> instead of '.patch'"
+msgstr "使用 <后缀> 代替 '.patch'"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1123
+msgid "start numbering patches at <n> instead of 1"
+msgstr "补丁以 <n> 开始编号,而不是1"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1125
+msgid "mark the series as Nth re-roll"
+msgstr "标记补丁系列是第几次重制"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1127
+msgid "Use [<prefix>] instead of [PATCH]"
+msgstr "使用 [<前缀>] 代替 [PATCH]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1130
+msgid "store resulting files in <dir>"
+msgstr "把结果文件存储在 <dir>"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1133
+msgid "don't strip/add [PATCH]"
+msgstr "不删除/添加 [PATCH]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1136
+msgid "don't output binary diffs"
+msgstr "不输出二进制差异"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1138
+msgid "don't include a patch matching a commit upstream"
+msgstr "不包含已在上游提交中的补丁"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1140
+msgid "show patch format instead of default (patch + stat)"
+msgstr "显示纯补丁格式而非默认的(补丁+状态)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1142
+msgid "Messaging"
+msgstr "邮件发送"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1143
+msgid "header"
+msgstr "header"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1144
+msgid "add email header"
+msgstr "添加邮件头"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1145 builtin/log.c:1147
+msgid "email"
+msgstr "邮件地址"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1145
+msgid "add To: header"
+msgstr "添加收件人"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1147
+msgid "add Cc: header"
+msgstr "添加抄送"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1149
+msgid "message-id"
+msgstr "message-id"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1150
+msgid "make first mail a reply to <message-id>"
+msgstr "使第一封邮件作为对 <message-id> 的回复"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1151 builtin/log.c:1154
+msgid "boundary"
+msgstr "边界"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1152
+msgid "attach the patch"
+msgstr "附件方式添加补丁"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1155
+msgid "inline the patch"
+msgstr "内联显示补丁"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1159
+msgid "enable message threading, styles: shallow, deep"
+msgstr "启用邮件线索,风格:浅,深"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1161
+msgid "signature"
+msgstr "签名"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1162
+msgid "add a signature"
+msgstr "添加一个签名"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1164
+msgid "don't print the patch filenames"
+msgstr "不要打印补丁文件名"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1248
 msgid "-n and -k are mutually exclusive."
 msgstr "-n 和 -k 互斥。"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1200
+#: builtin/log.c:1250
 msgid "--subject-prefix and -k are mutually exclusive."
 msgstr "--subject-prefix 和 -k 互斥。"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1208
+#: builtin/log.c:1258
 msgid "--name-only does not make sense"
 msgstr "--name-only 无意义"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1210
+#: builtin/log.c:1260
 msgid "--name-status does not make sense"
 msgstr "--name-status 无意义"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1212
+#: builtin/log.c:1262
 msgid "--check does not make sense"
 msgstr "--check 无意义"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1235
+#: builtin/log.c:1285
 msgid "standard output, or directory, which one?"
 msgstr "标准输出或目录,哪一个?"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1237
+#: builtin/log.c:1287
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not create directory '%s'"
 msgstr "不能创建目录 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1390
+#: builtin/log.c:1435
 msgid "Failed to create output files"
 msgstr "无法创建输出文件"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1494
+#: builtin/log.c:1484
+msgid "git cherry [-v] [<upstream> [<head> [<limit>]]]"
+msgstr "git cherry [-v] [<上游> [<头> [<限制>]]]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1539
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Could not find a tracked remote branch, please specify <upstream> manually.\n"
 msgstr "不能找到跟踪的远程分支,请手工指定 <upstream>。\n"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1510 builtin/log.c:1512 builtin/log.c:1524
+#: builtin/log.c:1552 builtin/log.c:1554 builtin/log.c:1566
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown commit %s"
 msgstr "未知提交 %s"
 
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:402
+msgid "git ls-files [options] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git ls-files [选项] [<文件>...]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:459
+msgid "identify the file status with tags"
+msgstr "用标签标识文件的状态"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:461
+msgid "use lowercase letters for 'assume unchanged' files"
+msgstr "使用小写字母表示 '假设未改变的' 文件"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:463
+msgid "show cached files in the output (default)"
+msgstr "显示缓存的文件(默认)"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:465
+msgid "show deleted files in the output"
+msgstr "显示已删除的文件"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:467
+msgid "show modified files in the output"
+msgstr "显示已修改的文件"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:469
+msgid "show other files in the output"
+msgstr "显示其它文件"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:471
+msgid "show ignored files in the output"
+msgstr "显示忽略的文件"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:474
+msgid "show staged contents' object name in the output"
+msgstr "显示暂存区内容的对象名称"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:476
+msgid "show files on the filesystem that need to be removed"
+msgstr "显示文件系统需要删除的文件"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:478
+msgid "show 'other' directories' name only"
+msgstr "只显示“其他”目录的名称"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:481
+msgid "don't show empty directories"
+msgstr "不显示空目录"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:484
+msgid "show unmerged files in the output"
+msgstr "显示未合并的文件"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:486
+msgid "show resolve-undo information"
+msgstr "显示 resolve-undo 信息"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:488
+msgid "skip files matching pattern"
+msgstr "匹配排除文件的模式"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:491
+msgid "exclude patterns are read from <file>"
+msgstr "从 <文件> 中读取排除模式"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:494
+msgid "read additional per-directory exclude patterns in <file>"
+msgstr "从 <文件> 读取额外的每个目录的排除模式"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:496
+msgid "add the standard git exclusions"
+msgstr "添加标准的 git 排除"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:499
+msgid "make the output relative to the project top directory"
+msgstr "显示相对于顶级目录的文件名"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:502
+msgid "if any <file> is not in the index, treat this as an error"
+msgstr "如果任何 <文件> 都不在索引区,视为错误"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:503
+msgid "tree-ish"
+msgstr "树或提交"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:504
+msgid "pretend that paths removed since <tree-ish> are still present"
+msgstr "假装自从 <树或提交> 之后删除的路径仍然存在"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:506
+msgid "show debugging data"
+msgstr "显示调试数据"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:27
+msgid "git ls-tree [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git ls-tree [<选项>] <树或提交> [<路径>...]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:125
+msgid "only show trees"
+msgstr "只显示树"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:127
+msgid "recurse into subtrees"
+msgstr "递归到子树"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:129
+msgid "show trees when recursing"
+msgstr "当递归时显示树"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:132
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL byte"
+msgstr "条目以NUL字符终止"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:133
+msgid "include object size"
+msgstr "包括对象大小"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:135 builtin/ls-tree.c:137
+msgid "list only filenames"
+msgstr "只列出文件名"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:140
+msgid "use full path names"
+msgstr "使用文件的全路径"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:142
+msgid "list entire tree; not just current directory (implies --full-name)"
+msgstr "列出整个树;不仅仅当前目录(隐含 --full-name)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:43
+msgid "git merge [options] [<commit>...]"
+msgstr "git merge [选项] [<提交>...]"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:44
+msgid "git merge [options] <msg> HEAD <commit>"
+msgstr "git merge [选项] <说明> HEAD <提交>"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:45
+msgid "git merge --abort"
+msgstr "git merge --abort"
+
 #: builtin/merge.c:90
 msgid "switch `m' requires a value"
 msgstr "开关 `m' 需要一个值"
@@ -3388,151 +6166,208 @@
 msgid "Available custom strategies are:"
 msgstr "可用的自定义策略有:"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:240
+#: builtin/merge.c:183
+msgid "do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr "在合并的最后不显示差异统计"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:186
+msgid "show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr "在合并的最后显示差异统计"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:187
+msgid "(synonym to --stat)"
+msgstr "(和 --stat 同义)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:189
+msgid "add (at most <n>) entries from shortlog to merge commit message"
+msgstr "在合并提交信息中添加(最多 <n> 条)精简提交记录"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:192
+msgid "create a single commit instead of doing a merge"
+msgstr "创建一个单独的提交而不是做一次合并"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:194
+msgid "perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)"
+msgstr "如果合并成功,执行一次提交(默认)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:196
+msgid "edit message before committing"
+msgstr "在提交前编辑提交说明"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:198
+msgid "allow fast-forward (default)"
+msgstr "允许快进(默认)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:200
+msgid "abort if fast-forward is not possible"
+msgstr "如果不能快进就放弃合并"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:203
+msgid "Verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature"
+msgstr "验证指定的提交是否包含一个有效的 GPG 签名"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:204 builtin/notes.c:866 builtin/revert.c:112
+msgid "strategy"
+msgstr "策略"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:205
+msgid "merge strategy to use"
+msgstr "要使用的合并策略"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:206
+msgid "option=value"
+msgstr "option=value"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:207
+msgid "option for selected merge strategy"
+msgstr "所选的合并策略的选项"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:209
+msgid "merge commit message (for a non-fast-forward merge)"
+msgstr "合并的提交说明(针对非快进式合并)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:213
+msgid "abort the current in-progress merge"
+msgstr "放弃当前正在进行的合并"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:242
 msgid "could not run stash."
 msgstr "不能进行进度保存。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:245
+#: builtin/merge.c:247
 msgid "stash failed"
 msgstr "进度保存失败"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:250
+#: builtin/merge.c:252
 #, c-format
 msgid "not a valid object: %s"
 msgstr "不是一个有效对象:%s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:269 builtin/merge.c:286
+#: builtin/merge.c:271 builtin/merge.c:288
 msgid "read-tree failed"
 msgstr "读取树失败"
 
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
-#: builtin/merge.c:316
+#: builtin/merge.c:318
 msgid " (nothing to squash)"
 msgstr " (无可压缩)"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:329
+#: builtin/merge.c:331
 #, c-format
 msgid "Squash commit -- not updating HEAD\n"
 msgstr "压缩提交 -- 未更新 HEAD\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:361
+#: builtin/merge.c:363
 msgid "Writing SQUASH_MSG"
 msgstr "写入 SQUASH_MSG"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:363
+#: builtin/merge.c:365
 msgid "Finishing SQUASH_MSG"
 msgstr "完成 SQUASH_MSG"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:386
+#: builtin/merge.c:388
 #, c-format
 msgid "No merge message -- not updating HEAD\n"
 msgstr "无合并信息 -- 未更新 HEAD\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:437
+#: builtin/merge.c:438
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' does not point to a commit"
 msgstr "'%s' 没有指向一个提交"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:536
+#: builtin/merge.c:550
 #, c-format
 msgid "Bad branch.%s.mergeoptions string: %s"
 msgstr "坏的 branch.%s.mergeoptions 字符串:%s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:629
+#: builtin/merge.c:643
 msgid "git write-tree failed to write a tree"
 msgstr "git write-tree 无法写入一树对象"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:679
-msgid "failed to read the cache"
-msgstr "无法读取缓存"
-
-#: builtin/merge.c:697
-msgid "Unable to write index."
-msgstr "不能写索引。"
-
-#: builtin/merge.c:710
+#: builtin/merge.c:671
 msgid "Not handling anything other than two heads merge."
 msgstr "不能处理两个头合并之外的任何操作。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:724
+#: builtin/merge.c:685
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown option for merge-recursive: -X%s"
 msgstr "merge-recursive 的未知选项:-X%s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:738
+#: builtin/merge.c:699
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to write %s"
 msgstr "不能写 %s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:877
+#: builtin/merge.c:788
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not read from '%s'"
 msgstr "不能从 '%s' 读取"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:886
+#: builtin/merge.c:797
 #, c-format
 msgid "Not committing merge; use 'git commit' to complete the merge.\n"
 msgstr "未提交合并,使用 'git commit' 完成此次合并。\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:892
+#: builtin/merge.c:803
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Please enter a commit message to explain why this merge is necessary,\n"
 "especially if it merges an updated upstream into a topic branch.\n"
 "\n"
-"Lines starting with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
 "the commit.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "请输入一个提交信息以解释此合并的必要性,尤其是将一个更新后的上游分支\n"
 "合并到主题分支。\n"
 "\n"
-"以 '#' 开头的行将被忽略,而且空提交说明将会终止提交。\n"
+"以 '%c' 开头的行将被忽略,而且空提交说明将会终止提交。\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:916
+#: builtin/merge.c:827
 msgid "Empty commit message."
 msgstr "空提交信息。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:928
+#: builtin/merge.c:839
 #, c-format
 msgid "Wonderful.\n"
 msgstr "太棒了。\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:993
+#: builtin/merge.c:904
 #, c-format
 msgid "Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.\n"
 msgstr "自动合并失败,修正冲突然后提交修正的结果。\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1009
+#: builtin/merge.c:920
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' is not a commit"
 msgstr "'%s' 不是一个提交"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1050
+#: builtin/merge.c:961
 msgid "No current branch."
 msgstr "没有当前分支。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1052
+#: builtin/merge.c:963
 msgid "No remote for the current branch."
 msgstr "当前分支没有对应的远程版本库。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1054
+#: builtin/merge.c:965
 msgid "No default upstream defined for the current branch."
 msgstr "当前分支没有定义默认的上游分支。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1059
+#: builtin/merge.c:970
 #, c-format
 msgid "No remote tracking branch for %s from %s"
 msgstr "%s 没有来自 %s 的远程跟踪分支"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1146 builtin/merge.c:1303
+#: builtin/merge.c:1057 builtin/merge.c:1214
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s - not something we can merge"
 msgstr "%s - 不能被合并"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1214
+#: builtin/merge.c:1125
 msgid "There is no merge to abort (MERGE_HEAD missing)."
 msgstr "没有要终止的合并(MERGE_HEAD 丢失)。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1230 git-pull.sh:31
+#: builtin/merge.c:1141 git-pull.sh:31
 msgid ""
 "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
 "Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
@@ -3540,11 +6375,11 @@
 "您尚未结束您的合并(存在 MERGE_HEAD)。\n"
 "请在合并前先提交您的修改。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1233 git-pull.sh:34
+#: builtin/merge.c:1144 git-pull.sh:34
 msgid "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists)."
 msgstr "您尚未结束您的合并(存在 MERGE_HEAD)。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1237
+#: builtin/merge.c:1148
 msgid ""
 "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists).\n"
 "Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
@@ -3552,83 +6387,203 @@
 "您尚未结束您的拣选(存在 CHERRY_PICK_HEAD)。\n"
 "请在合并前先提交您的修改。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1240
+#: builtin/merge.c:1151
 msgid "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists)."
 msgstr "您尚未结束您的拣选(存在 CHERRY_PICK_HEAD)。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1249
+#: builtin/merge.c:1160
 msgid "You cannot combine --squash with --no-ff."
-msgstr "您不能将 --squash 与 --no-ff 共用。"
+msgstr "您不能将 --squash 与 --no-ff 同时使用。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1254
+#: builtin/merge.c:1165
 msgid "You cannot combine --no-ff with --ff-only."
-msgstr "您不能将 --no-ff 与 --ff-only 共用。"
+msgstr "您不能将 --no-ff 与 --ff-only 同时使用。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1261
+#: builtin/merge.c:1172
 msgid "No commit specified and merge.defaultToUpstream not set."
 msgstr "未指定提交并且 merge.defaultToUpstream 未设置。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1293
+#: builtin/merge.c:1204
 msgid "Can merge only exactly one commit into empty head"
 msgstr "只能将一个提交合并到空分支上"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1296
+#: builtin/merge.c:1207
 msgid "Squash commit into empty head not supported yet"
 msgstr "尚不支持到空分支的压缩提交"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1298
+#: builtin/merge.c:1209
 msgid "Non-fast-forward commit does not make sense into an empty head"
 msgstr "到空分支的非快进式提交没有意义"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1413
+#: builtin/merge.c:1265
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has an untrusted GPG signature, allegedly by %s."
+msgstr "提交 %s 有一个非可信的声称来自 %s 的 GPG 签名。"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1268
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a bad GPG signature allegedly by %s."
+msgstr "提交 %s 有一个错误的声称来自 %s 的 GPG 签名。"
+
+#. 'N'
+#: builtin/merge.c:1271
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have a GPG signature."
+msgstr "提交 %s 没有一个 GPG 签名。"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1274
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a good GPG signature by %s\n"
+msgstr "提交 %s 有一个来自 %s 的好的 GPG 签名。\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1358
 #, c-format
 msgid "Updating %s..%s\n"
 msgstr "更新 %s..%s\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1451
+#: builtin/merge.c:1397
 #, c-format
 msgid "Trying really trivial in-index merge...\n"
 msgstr "尝试非常小的索引内合并...\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1458
+#: builtin/merge.c:1404
 #, c-format
 msgid "Nope.\n"
 msgstr "无。\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1490
+#: builtin/merge.c:1436
 msgid "Not possible to fast-forward, aborting."
 msgstr "无法快进,终止。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1513 builtin/merge.c:1592
+#: builtin/merge.c:1459 builtin/merge.c:1538
 #, c-format
 msgid "Rewinding the tree to pristine...\n"
 msgstr "将树回滚至原始状态...\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1517
+#: builtin/merge.c:1463
 #, c-format
 msgid "Trying merge strategy %s...\n"
 msgstr "尝试合并策略 %s...\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1583
+#: builtin/merge.c:1529
 #, c-format
 msgid "No merge strategy handled the merge.\n"
 msgstr "没有合并策略处理此合并。\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1585
+#: builtin/merge.c:1531
 #, c-format
 msgid "Merge with strategy %s failed.\n"
 msgstr "使用策略 %s 合并失败。\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1594
+#: builtin/merge.c:1540
 #, c-format
 msgid "Using the %s to prepare resolving by hand.\n"
 msgstr "使用 %s 以准备手工解决。\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1606
+#: builtin/merge.c:1552
 #, c-format
 msgid "Automatic merge went well; stopped before committing as requested\n"
 msgstr "自动合并进展顺利,按要求在提交前停止\n"
 
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:26
+msgid "git merge-base [-a|--all] <commit> <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a|--all] <提交> <提交>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:27
+msgid "git merge-base [-a|--all] --octopus <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a|--all] --octopus <提交>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:28
+msgid "git merge-base --independent <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base --independent <提交>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:29
+msgid "git merge-base --is-ancestor <commit> <commit>"
+msgstr "git merge-base --is-ancestor <提交> <提交>"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:98
+msgid "output all common ancestors"
+msgstr "输出所有共同的祖先"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:99
+msgid "find ancestors for a single n-way merge"
+msgstr "查找一个多路合并的祖先提交"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:100
+msgid "list revs not reachable from others"
+msgstr "显示不能被其他访问到的版本"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:102
+msgid "is the first one ancestor of the other?"
+msgstr "第一个是其他的祖先提交么?"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:8
+msgid ""
+"git merge-file [options] [-L name1 [-L orig [-L name2]]] file1 orig_file "
+"file2"
+msgstr ""
+"git merge-file [选项] [-L name1 [-L orig [-L name2]]] file1 orig_file file2"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:33
+msgid "send results to standard output"
+msgstr "将结果发送到标准输出"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:34
+msgid "use a diff3 based merge"
+msgstr "使用基于 diff3 的合并"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:35
+msgid "for conflicts, use our version"
+msgstr "如果冲突,使用我们的版本"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:37
+msgid "for conflicts, use their version"
+msgstr "如果冲突,使用他们的版本"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:39
+msgid "for conflicts, use a union version"
+msgstr "如果冲突,使用联合版本"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:42
+msgid "for conflicts, use this marker size"
+msgstr "如果冲突,使用指定长度的标记"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:43
+msgid "do not warn about conflicts"
+msgstr "不要警告冲突"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:45
+msgid "set labels for file1/orig_file/file2"
+msgstr "为 file1/orig_file/file2 设置标签"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:67
+msgid "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
+msgstr "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:153
+msgid "input is NUL terminated"
+msgstr "输入以 NUL 字符终止"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:154 builtin/write-tree.c:24
+msgid "allow missing objects"
+msgstr "允许丢失的对象"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:155
+msgid "allow creation of more than one tree"
+msgstr "允许创建一个以上的树"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:14
+msgid "git mv [options] <source>... <destination>"
+msgstr "git mv [选项] <源>... <目标>"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:64
+msgid "force move/rename even if target exists"
+msgstr "强制移动/重命令,即使目标存在"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:65
+msgid "skip move/rename errors"
+msgstr "跳过移动/重命名错误"
+
 #: builtin/mv.c:108
 #, c-format
 msgid "Checking rename of '%s' to '%s'\n"
@@ -3691,142 +6646,315 @@
 msgid "renaming '%s' failed"
 msgstr "重命名 '%s' 失败"
 
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:175
+msgid "git name-rev [options] <commit>..."
+msgstr "git name-rev [选项] <提交>..."
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:176
+msgid "git name-rev [options] --all"
+msgstr "git name-rev [选项] --all"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:177
+msgid "git name-rev [options] --stdin"
+msgstr "git name-rev [选项] --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:229
+msgid "print only names (no SHA-1)"
+msgstr "只打印名称(无 SHA-1)"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:230
+msgid "only use tags to name the commits"
+msgstr "只使用 tags 来命名提交"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:232
+msgid "only use refs matching <pattern>"
+msgstr "只使用和 <模式> 相匹配的引用"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:234
+msgid "list all commits reachable from all refs"
+msgstr "列出可以从所有引用访问的提交"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:235
+msgid "read from stdin"
+msgstr "从标准输入读取"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:236
+msgid "allow to print `undefined` names"
+msgstr "允许打印 `未定义` 的名称"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:26
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <注解引用>] [list [<对象>]]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:27
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] add [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file> | (-c | -C) "
+"<object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <注解引用>] add [-f] [-m <说明> | -F <文件> | (-c | -C) <对"
+"象>] [<对象>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:28
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] copy [-f] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <注解引用>] copy [-f] <源对象> <目标对象>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:29
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] append [-m <msg> | -F <file> | (-c | -C) "
+"<object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <注解引用>] append [-m <说明> | -F <文件> | (-c | -C) <对象"
+">] [<对象>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:30
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] edit [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <注解引用>] edit [<对象>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:31
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] show [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <注解引用>] show [<对象>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:32
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy> ] <notes_ref>"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <注解引用>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <策略> ] <注解引用>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:33
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:34
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:35
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] remove [<object>...]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <注解引用>] remove [<对象>...]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:36
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] prune [-n | -v]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <注解引用>] prune [-n | -v]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:37
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] get-ref"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <注解引用>] get-ref"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:42
+msgid "git notes [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git notes [list [<对象>]]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:47
+msgid "git notes add [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes add [<选项>] [<对象>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:52
+msgid "git notes copy [<options>] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr "git notes copy [<选项>] <源对象> <目标对象>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:53
+msgid "git notes copy --stdin [<from-object> <to-object>]..."
+msgstr "git notes copy --stdin [<源对象> <目标对象>]..."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:58
+msgid "git notes append [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes append [<选项>] [<对象>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:63
+msgid "git notes edit [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes edit [<对象>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:68
+msgid "git notes show [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes show [<对象>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:73
+msgid "git notes merge [<options>] <notes_ref>"
+msgstr "git notes merge [<选项>] <注解引用>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:74
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --commit [<选项>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:75
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --abort [<选项>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:80
+msgid "git notes remove [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes remove [<对象>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:85
+msgid "git notes prune [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes prune [<选项>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:90
+msgid "git notes get-ref"
+msgstr "git notes get-ref"
+
 #: builtin/notes.c:139
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to start 'show' for object '%s'"
 msgstr "不能为对象 '%s' 开始 'show'"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:145
-msgid "can't fdopen 'show' output fd"
-msgstr "不能打开 'show' 输出文件句柄"
+#: builtin/notes.c:143
+msgid "could not read 'show' output"
+msgstr "不能读取 'show' 的输出"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:155
-#, c-format
-msgid "failed to close pipe to 'show' for object '%s'"
-msgstr "无法为对象 '%s' 的 'show' 关闭管道"
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:158
+#: builtin/notes.c:151
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to finish 'show' for object '%s'"
 msgstr "无法为对象 '%s' 完成 'show'"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:175 builtin/tag.c:347
+#: builtin/notes.c:169 builtin/tag.c:341
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create file '%s'"
 msgstr "不能创建文件 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:189
+#: builtin/notes.c:188
 msgid "Please supply the note contents using either -m or -F option"
 msgstr "请通过 -m 或 -F 选项为注解提供内容"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:210 builtin/notes.c:973
+#: builtin/notes.c:209 builtin/notes.c:972
 #, c-format
 msgid "Removing note for object %s\n"
 msgstr "删除对象 %s 的注解\n"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:215
+#: builtin/notes.c:214
 msgid "unable to write note object"
 msgstr "不能写注解对象"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:217
+#: builtin/notes.c:216
 #, c-format
 msgid "The note contents has been left in %s"
 msgstr "注解内容被留在文件 %s 中"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:251 builtin/tag.c:542
+#: builtin/notes.c:250 builtin/tag.c:540
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read '%s'"
 msgstr "不能读取 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:253 builtin/tag.c:545
+#: builtin/notes.c:252 builtin/tag.c:543
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not open or read '%s'"
 msgstr "不能打开或读取 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:272 builtin/notes.c:445 builtin/notes.c:447
-#: builtin/notes.c:507 builtin/notes.c:561 builtin/notes.c:644
-#: builtin/notes.c:649 builtin/notes.c:724 builtin/notes.c:766
-#: builtin/notes.c:968 builtin/reset.c:293 builtin/tag.c:558
+#: builtin/notes.c:271 builtin/notes.c:444 builtin/notes.c:446
+#: builtin/notes.c:506 builtin/notes.c:560 builtin/notes.c:643
+#: builtin/notes.c:648 builtin/notes.c:723 builtin/notes.c:765
+#: builtin/notes.c:967 builtin/tag.c:556
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."
 msgstr "无法解析 '%s' 为一个有效引用。"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:275
+#: builtin/notes.c:274
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to read object '%s'."
 msgstr "无法读取对象 '%s'。"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:299
+#: builtin/notes.c:298
 msgid "Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"
 msgstr "不能提交未初始化/未引用的注解树"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:340
+#: builtin/notes.c:339
 #, c-format
 msgid "Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"
 msgstr "坏的 notes.rewriteMode 值:'%s'"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:350
+#: builtin/notes.c:349
 #, c-format
 msgid "Refusing to rewrite notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
 msgstr "拒绝向 %s(在 refs/notes/ 之外)写入注解"
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
 #. environment variable, the second %s is its value
-#: builtin/notes.c:377
+#: builtin/notes.c:376
 #, c-format
 msgid "Bad %s value: '%s'"
 msgstr "坏的 %s 值:'%s'"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:441
+#: builtin/notes.c:440
 #, c-format
 msgid "Malformed input line: '%s'."
 msgstr "非法的输入行:'%s'。"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:456
+#: builtin/notes.c:455
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to copy notes from '%s' to '%s'"
 msgstr "无法从 '%s' 到 '%s' 拷贝注解"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:500 builtin/notes.c:554 builtin/notes.c:627
-#: builtin/notes.c:639 builtin/notes.c:712 builtin/notes.c:759
-#: builtin/notes.c:1033
+#: builtin/notes.c:499 builtin/notes.c:553 builtin/notes.c:626
+#: builtin/notes.c:638 builtin/notes.c:711 builtin/notes.c:758
+#: builtin/notes.c:1032
 msgid "too many parameters"
 msgstr "参数太多"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:513 builtin/notes.c:772
+#: builtin/notes.c:512 builtin/notes.c:771
 #, c-format
 msgid "No note found for object %s."
 msgstr "未发现对象 %s 的注解。"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:580
+#: builtin/notes.c:534 builtin/notes.c:691
+msgid "note contents as a string"
+msgstr "注解内容作为一个字符串"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:537 builtin/notes.c:694
+msgid "note contents in a file"
+msgstr "注解内容到一个文件中"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:539 builtin/notes.c:542 builtin/notes.c:696
+#: builtin/notes.c:699 builtin/tag.c:474
+msgid "object"
+msgstr "对象"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:540 builtin/notes.c:697
+msgid "reuse and edit specified note object"
+msgstr "重用和编辑指定的注解对象"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:543 builtin/notes.c:700
+msgid "reuse specified note object"
+msgstr "重用指定的注解对象"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:545 builtin/notes.c:613
+msgid "replace existing notes"
+msgstr "替换已存在的注解"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:579
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Cannot add notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
 "existing notes"
 msgstr "不能添加注解。发现对象 %s 已存在注解。使用 '-f' 覆盖现存注解"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:585 builtin/notes.c:662
+#: builtin/notes.c:584 builtin/notes.c:661
 #, c-format
 msgid "Overwriting existing notes for object %s\n"
 msgstr "覆盖对象 %s 现存注解\n"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:635
+#: builtin/notes.c:614
+msgid "read objects from stdin"
+msgstr "从标准输入读取对象"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:616
+msgid "load rewriting config for <command> (implies --stdin)"
+msgstr "重新加载 <命令> 的配置(隐含 --stdin)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:634
 msgid "too few parameters"
 msgstr "参数太少"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:656
+#: builtin/notes.c:655
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Cannot copy notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
 "existing notes"
 msgstr "不能拷贝注解。发现对象 %s 已存在注解。使用 '-f' 覆盖现存注解"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:668
+#: builtin/notes.c:667
 #, c-format
 msgid "Missing notes on source object %s. Cannot copy."
 msgstr "源对象 %s 缺少注解。不能拷贝。"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:717
+#: builtin/notes.c:716
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The -m/-F/-c/-C options have been deprecated for the 'edit' subcommand.\n"
@@ -3835,36 +6963,251 @@
 "子命令 'edit' 的选项 -m/-F/-c/-C 已弃用。\n"
 "请换用 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C'。\n"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:971
+#: builtin/notes.c:863
+msgid "General options"
+msgstr "通用选项"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:865
+msgid "Merge options"
+msgstr "合并选项"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:867
+msgid ""
+"resolve notes conflicts using the given strategy (manual/ours/theirs/union/"
+"cat_sort_uniq)"
+msgstr "使用指定的策略解决注解冲突 (manual/ours/theirs/union/cat_sort_uniq)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:869
+msgid "Committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr "提交未合并的注解"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:871
+msgid "finalize notes merge by committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr "通过提交未合并的注解来完成注解合并"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:873
+msgid "Aborting notes merge resolution"
+msgstr "中止注解合并的方案"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:875
+msgid "abort notes merge"
+msgstr "中止注解合并"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:970
 #, c-format
 msgid "Object %s has no note\n"
 msgstr "对象 %s 没有注解\n"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:1103 builtin/remote.c:1598
+#: builtin/notes.c:982
+msgid "attempt to remove non-existent note is not an error"
+msgstr "尝试删除不存在的注解不是一个错误"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:985
+msgid "read object names from the standard input"
+msgstr "从标准输入读取对象名称"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:1066
+msgid "notes_ref"
+msgstr "注解引用"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:1067
+msgid "use notes from <notes_ref>"
+msgstr "从 <注解引用> 使用注解"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:1102 builtin/remote.c:1598
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown subcommand: %s"
 msgstr "未知子命令:%s"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2337
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:23
+msgid "git pack-objects --stdout [options...] [< ref-list | < object-list]"
+msgstr "git pack-objects --stdout [选项...] [< 引用列表 | < 对象列表]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:24
+msgid "git pack-objects [options...] base-name [< ref-list | < object-list]"
+msgstr "git pack-objects [选项...] base-name [< 引用列表 | < 对象列表]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:183 builtin/pack-objects.c:186
+#, c-format
+msgid "deflate error (%d)"
+msgstr "压缩错误 (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2397
 #, c-format
 msgid "unsupported index version %s"
 msgstr "不支持的索引版本 %s"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2341
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2401
 #, c-format
 msgid "bad index version '%s'"
 msgstr "坏的索引版本 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2364
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2424
 #, c-format
 msgid "option %s does not accept negative form"
 msgstr "选项 %s 不接受否定格式"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2368
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2428
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to parse value '%s' for option %s"
 msgstr "不能解析选项 %1$s 的值 '%2$s'"
 
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2447
+msgid "do not show progress meter"
+msgstr "不显示进度表"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2449
+msgid "show progress meter"
+msgstr "显示进度表"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2451
+msgid "show progress meter during object writing phase"
+msgstr "在对象写入阶段显示进度表"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2454
+msgid "similar to --all-progress when progress meter is shown"
+msgstr "当进度表显示时类似于 --all-progress"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2455
+msgid "version[,offset]"
+msgstr "版本[,偏移]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2456
+msgid "write the pack index file in the specified idx format version"
+msgstr "用指定的 idx 格式版本来写包索引文件"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2459
+msgid "maximum size of each output pack file"
+msgstr "每个输出包的最大尺寸"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2461
+msgid "ignore borrowed objects from alternate object store"
+msgstr "忽略从替代对象存储里借用对象"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2463
+msgid "ignore packed objects"
+msgstr "忽略包对象"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2465
+msgid "limit pack window by objects"
+msgstr "限制打包窗口的对象数"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2467
+msgid "limit pack window by memory in addition to object limit"
+msgstr "除对象数量限制外设置打包窗口的内存限制"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2469
+msgid "maximum length of delta chain allowed in the resulting pack"
+msgstr "打包允许的 delta 链的最大长度"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2471
+msgid "reuse existing deltas"
+msgstr "重用已存在的 deltas"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2473
+msgid "reuse existing objects"
+msgstr "重用已存在的对象"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2475
+msgid "use OFS_DELTA objects"
+msgstr "使用 OFS_DELTA 对象"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2477
+msgid "use threads when searching for best delta matches"
+msgstr "使用线程查询最佳 delta 匹配"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2479
+msgid "do not create an empty pack output"
+msgstr "不创建空的包输出"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2481
+msgid "read revision arguments from standard input"
+msgstr "从标准输入读取修订号参数"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2483
+msgid "limit the objects to those that are not yet packed"
+msgstr "限制那些尚未打包的对象"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2486
+msgid "include objects reachable from any reference"
+msgstr "包括可以从任何引用访问到的对象"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2489
+msgid "include objects referred by reflog entries"
+msgstr "包括被引用日志引用到的对象"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2492
+msgid "output pack to stdout"
+msgstr "输出包到标准输出"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2494
+msgid "include tag objects that refer to objects to be packed"
+msgstr "包括引用了打包对象的 tag"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2496
+msgid "keep unreachable objects"
+msgstr "维持不可达的对象"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2497 parse-options.h:141
+msgid "time"
+msgstr "时间"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2498
+msgid "unpack unreachable objects newer than <time>"
+msgstr "将比给定 <时间> 新的无法访问的对象解包"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2501
+msgid "create thin packs"
+msgstr "创建精简包"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2503
+msgid "ignore packs that have companion .keep file"
+msgstr "忽略配有 .keep 文件的包"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2505
+msgid "pack compression level"
+msgstr "打包压缩级别"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2507
+msgid "do not hide commits by grafts"
+msgstr "不隐藏移植覆盖的提交"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:6
+msgid "git pack-refs [options]"
+msgstr "git pack-refs [选项]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:14
+msgid "pack everything"
+msgstr "打包一切"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:15
+msgid "prune loose refs (default)"
+msgstr "清除松散的引用(默认)"
+
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:7
+msgid "git prune-packed [-n|--dry-run] [-q|--quiet]"
+msgstr "git prune-packed [-n|--dry-run] [-q|--quiet]"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:12
+msgid "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <time>] [--] [<head>...]"
+msgstr "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <时间>] [--] [<头>...]"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:132
+msgid "do not remove, show only"
+msgstr "不删除,只显示"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:133
+msgid "report pruned objects"
+msgstr "报告清除的对象"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:136
+msgid "expire objects older than <time>"
+msgstr "使早于给定时间的对象过期"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:14
+msgid "git push [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git push [<选项>] [<版本库> [<引用表达式>...]]"
+
 #: builtin/push.c:45
 msgid "tag shorthand without <tag>"
 msgstr "tag 简写没有跟 <tag> 参数"
@@ -3947,12 +7290,44 @@
 "您正推送至远程 '%s'(其并非当前分支 '%s' 的上游),\n"
 "而没有告诉我要推送什么、更新哪个远程分支。"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:174
+#  译者:字符串首行行首要添加“warning: ”字串,故此首行要较其余行短
+#: builtin/push.c:151
+msgid ""
+"push.default is unset; its implicit value is changing in\n"
+"Git 2.0 from 'matching' to 'simple'. To squelch this message\n"
+"and maintain the current behavior after the default changes, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default matching\n"
+"\n"
+"To squelch this message and adopt the new behavior now, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default simple\n"
+"\n"
+"See 'git help config' and search for 'push.default' for further "
+"information.\n"
+"(the 'simple' mode was introduced in Git 1.7.11. Use the similar mode\n"
+"'current' instead of 'simple' if you sometimes use older versions of Git)"
+msgstr ""
+"push.default 未设置,它的默认值将会在 Git 2.0 由 'matching'\n"
+"修改为 'simple'。若要不再显示本信息并在其默认值改变后维持当前使用习惯,\n"
+"进行如下设置:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default matching\n"
+"\n"
+"若要不再显示本信息并从现在开始采用新的使用习惯,设置:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default simple\n"
+"\n"
+"参见 'git help config' 并查找 'push.default' 以获取更多信息。\n"
+"('simple' 模式由 Git 1.7.11 版本引入。如果您有时要使用老版本的 Git,\n"
+"为保持兼容,请用 'current' 代替 'simple' 模式)"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:199
 msgid ""
 "You didn't specify any refspecs to push, and push.default is \"nothing\"."
 msgstr "您没有为推送指定任何引用表达式,并且 push.default 为 \"nothing\"。"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:181
+#: builtin/push.c:206
 msgid ""
 "Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind\n"
 "its remote counterpart. Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull')\n"
@@ -3963,18 +7338,19 @@
 "再次推送前,先与远程变更合并(如 'git pull')。详见\n"
 "'git push --help' 中的 'Note about fast-forwards' 小节。"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:187
+#: builtin/push.c:212
 msgid ""
 "Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
 "counterpart. If you did not intend to push that branch, you may want to\n"
-"specify branches to push or set the 'push.default' configuration\n"
-"variable to 'current' or 'upstream' to push only the current branch."
+"specify branches to push or set the 'push.default' configuration variable\n"
+"to 'simple', 'current' or 'upstream' to push only the current branch."
 msgstr ""
 "更新被拒绝,因为推送的一个分支的最新提交落后于其对应的远程分支。\n"
 "如果您并非有意推送该分支,您可以在推送时指定要推送的分支,或者将\n"
-"配置变量 'push.default' 设置为 'current' 或 'upstream' 以便只推送当前分支。"
+"配置变量 'push.default' 设置为 'simple'、'current' 或 'upstream'\n"
+"以便只推送当前分支。"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:193
+#: builtin/push.c:218
 msgid ""
 "Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
 "counterpart. Check out this branch and merge the remote changes\n"
@@ -3985,22 +7361,48 @@
 "检出该分支并与远程变更合并(如 'git pull'),然后再推送。详见\n"
 "'git push --help' 中的 'Note about fast-forwards' 小节。"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:233
+#: builtin/push.c:224
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do\n"
+"not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing\n"
+"to the same ref. You may want to first merge the remote changes (e.g.,\n"
+"'git pull') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"更新被拒绝,因为远程版本库包含您本地尚不存在的提交。这通常是因为另外\n"
+"一个版本库已推送了相同的引用。再次推送前,您可能需要先合并远程变更\n"
+"(如 'git pull')。\n"
+"详见 'git push --help' 中的 'Note about fast-forwards' 小节。"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:231
+msgid "Updates were rejected because the tag already exists in the remote."
+msgstr "更新被拒绝因为 tag 在远程已经存在。"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:234
+msgid ""
+"You cannot update a remote ref that points at a non-commit object,\n"
+"or update a remote ref to make it point at a non-commit object,\n"
+"without using the '--force' option.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"如果不使用 '--force' 参数,您不能更新一个指向非提交对象的远程引用,\n"
+"也不能更新远程引用让其指向一个非提交对象。\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:294
 #, c-format
 msgid "Pushing to %s\n"
 msgstr "推送到 %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:237
+#: builtin/push.c:298
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to push some refs to '%s'"
 msgstr "无法推送一些引用到 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:269
+#: builtin/push.c:331
 #, c-format
 msgid "bad repository '%s'"
 msgstr "坏的版本库 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:270
+#: builtin/push.c:332
 msgid ""
 "No configured push destination.\n"
 "Either specify the URL from the command-line or configure a remote "
@@ -4013,7 +7415,7 @@
 "    git push <name>\n"
 msgstr ""
 "没有配置推送目标。\n"
-"或者通过命令行指定URL,或者用下面命令配置一个远程版本库\n"
+"或通过命令行指定URL,或用下面命令配置一个远程版本库\n"
 "\n"
 "    git remote add <name> <url>\n"
 "\n"
@@ -4021,34 +7423,241 @@
 "\n"
 "    git push <name>\n"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:285
+#: builtin/push.c:347
 msgid "--all and --tags are incompatible"
 msgstr "--all 和 --tags 不兼容"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:286
+#: builtin/push.c:348
 msgid "--all can't be combined with refspecs"
-msgstr "--all 不能和引用表达式共用"
+msgstr "--all 不能和引用表达式同时使用"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:291
+#: builtin/push.c:353
 msgid "--mirror and --tags are incompatible"
 msgstr "--mirror 和 --tags 不兼容"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:292
+#: builtin/push.c:354
 msgid "--mirror can't be combined with refspecs"
-msgstr "--mirror 不能和引用表达式共用"
+msgstr "--mirror 不能和引用表达式同时使用"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:297
+#: builtin/push.c:359
 msgid "--all and --mirror are incompatible"
 msgstr "--all 和 --mirror 不兼容"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:385
+#: builtin/push.c:419
+msgid "repository"
+msgstr "版本库"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:420
+msgid "push all refs"
+msgstr "推送所有引用"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:421
+msgid "mirror all refs"
+msgstr "镜像所有引用"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:423
+msgid "delete refs"
+msgstr "删除引用"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:424
+msgid "push tags (can't be used with --all or --mirror)"
+msgstr "推送 tags(不能使用 --all or --mirror)"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:427
+msgid "force updates"
+msgstr "强制更新"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:428
+msgid "check"
+msgstr "检查"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:429
+msgid "control recursive pushing of submodules"
+msgstr "控制子模组的递归推送"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:431
+msgid "use thin pack"
+msgstr "使用精简打包"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:432 builtin/push.c:433
+msgid "receive pack program"
+msgstr "接收包程序"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:434
+msgid "set upstream for git pull/status"
+msgstr "设置 git pull/status 的上游"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:437
+msgid "prune locally removed refs"
+msgstr "清除本地删除的引用"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:439
+msgid "bypass pre-push hook"
+msgstr "绕过 pre-push 钩子"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:440
+msgid "push missing but relevant tags"
+msgstr "推送缺失的有关的 tags"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:450
 msgid "--delete is incompatible with --all, --mirror and --tags"
 msgstr "--delete 与 --all、--mirror 及 --tags 不兼容"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:387
+#: builtin/push.c:452
 msgid "--delete doesn't make sense without any refs"
 msgstr "--delete 未接任何引用没有意义"
 
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:36
+msgid ""
+"git read-tree [[-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<prefix>] "
+"[-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--"
+"index-output=<file>] (--empty | <tree-ish1> [<tree-ish2> [<tree-ish3>]])"
+msgstr ""
+"git read-tree [[-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<前缀>] [-"
+"u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--"
+"index-output=<文件>] (--empty | <树或提交1> [<树或提交2> [<树或提交3>]])"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:108
+msgid "write resulting index to <file>"
+msgstr "将索引结果写入 <file>"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:111
+msgid "only empty the index"
+msgstr "只是清空索引"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:113
+msgid "Merging"
+msgstr "合并"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:115
+msgid "perform a merge in addition to a read"
+msgstr "读取之余再执行一个合并"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:117
+msgid "3-way merge if no file level merging required"
+msgstr "如果没有文件级合并需要,执行三路合并"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:119
+msgid "3-way merge in presence of adds and removes"
+msgstr "存在添加和删除时,也执行三路合并"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:121
+msgid "same as -m, but discard unmerged entries"
+msgstr "类似于 -m,但丢弃未合并的条目"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:122
+msgid "<subdirectory>/"
+msgstr "<子目录>/"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:123
+msgid "read the tree into the index under <subdirectory>/"
+msgstr "读取树对象到索引的 <子目录>/ 下"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:126
+msgid "update working tree with merge result"
+msgstr "用合并的结果更新工作区"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:128
+msgid "gitignore"
+msgstr "gitignore"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:129
+msgid "allow explicitly ignored files to be overwritten"
+msgstr "允许忽略文件中设定的文件可以被覆盖"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:132
+msgid "don't check the working tree after merging"
+msgstr "合并后不检查工作区"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:133
+msgid "don't update the index or the work tree"
+msgstr "不更新索引区和工作区"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:135
+msgid "skip applying sparse checkout filter"
+msgstr "跳过应用稀疏检出过滤器"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:137
+msgid "debug unpack-trees"
+msgstr "调试 unpack-trees"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:11
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:12
+msgid ""
+"git remote add [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags|--no-tags] [--"
+"mirror=<fetch|push>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr ""
+"git remote add [-t <分支>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags|--no-tags] [--"
+"mirror=<fetch|push>] <名称> <url>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:13 builtin/remote.c:32
+msgid "git remote rename <old> <new>"
+msgstr "git remote rename <旧名称> <新名称>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:14 builtin/remote.c:37
+msgid "git remote remove <name>"
+msgstr "git remote remove <名称>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:15 builtin/remote.c:42
+msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | -d | <branch>)"
+msgstr "git remote set-head <名称> (-a | -d | <分支>)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:16
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <名称>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:17
+msgid "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <名称>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:18
+msgid ""
+"git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<group> | <remote>)...]"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<组> | <远程>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:19
+msgid "git remote set-branches [--add] <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches [--add] <名称> <分支>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:20 builtin/remote.c:68
+msgid "git remote set-url [--push] <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>]"
+msgstr "git remote set-url [--push] <名称> <新的地址> [<旧的地址>]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:21 builtin/remote.c:69
+msgid "git remote set-url --add <name> <newurl>"
+msgstr "git remote set-url --add <名称> <新的地址>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:22 builtin/remote.c:70
+msgid "git remote set-url --delete <name> <url>"
+msgstr "git remote set-url --delete <名称> <地址>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:27
+msgid "git remote add [<options>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr "git remote add [<选项>] <名称> <地址>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:47
+msgid "git remote set-branches <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches <名称> <分支>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:48
+msgid "git remote set-branches --add <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches --add <名称> <分支>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:53
+msgid "git remote show [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote show [<选项>] <名称>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:58
+msgid "git remote prune [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote prune [<选项>] <名称>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:63
+msgid "git remote update [<options>] [<group> | <remote>]..."
+msgstr "git remote update [<选项>] [<组> | <远程>]..."
+
 #: builtin/remote.c:98
 #, c-format
 msgid "Updating %s"
@@ -4067,13 +7676,41 @@
 msgid "unknown mirror argument: %s"
 msgstr "未知的镜像参数:%s"
 
+#: builtin/remote.c:163
+msgid "fetch the remote branches"
+msgstr "抓取远程的分支"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:165
+msgid "import all tags and associated objects when fetching"
+msgstr "抓取时导入所有的 tags 和关联对象"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:168
+msgid "or do not fetch any tag at all (--no-tags)"
+msgstr "或不抓取任何 tag(--no-tags)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:170
+msgid "branch(es) to track"
+msgstr "跟踪的分支"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:171
+msgid "master branch"
+msgstr "主线分支"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:172
+msgid "push|fetch"
+msgstr "push|fetch"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:173
+msgid "set up remote as a mirror to push to or fetch from"
+msgstr "把远程设置为用以推送或抓取的镜像"
+
 #: builtin/remote.c:185
 msgid "specifying a master branch makes no sense with --mirror"
 msgstr "指定一个 master 分支并使用 --mirror 选项没有意义"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:187
 msgid "specifying branches to track makes sense only with fetch mirrors"
-msgstr "指定要跟踪的分支只在与获取镜像共用才有意义"
+msgstr "指定要跟踪的分支只在与获取镜像同时使用才有意义"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:195 builtin/remote.c:646
 #, c-format
@@ -4259,6 +7896,10 @@
 msgid "    %-*s pushes to %s"
 msgstr "    %-*s 推送至 %s"
 
+#: builtin/remote.c:1091
+msgid "do not query remotes"
+msgstr "不查询远程"
+
 #: builtin/remote.c:1118
 #, c-format
 msgid "* remote %s"
@@ -4318,6 +7959,14 @@
 msgstr[0] "  为 'git push' 配置的本地引用%s:"
 msgstr[1] "  为 'git push' 配置的本地引用%s:"
 
+#: builtin/remote.c:1199
+msgid "set refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD according to remote"
+msgstr "根据远程设置 refs/remotes/<名称>/HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1201
+msgid "delete refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD"
+msgstr "删除 refs/remotes/<名称>/HEAD"
+
 #: builtin/remote.c:1216
 msgid "Cannot determine remote HEAD"
 msgstr "无法确定远程 HEAD"
@@ -4345,13 +7994,13 @@
 #: builtin/remote.c:1274
 #, c-format
 msgid " %s will become dangling!"
-msgstr " %s 将成为悬空状态!"
+msgstr " %s 将成为摇摆状态!"
 
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
 #: builtin/remote.c:1275
 #, c-format
 msgid " %s has become dangling!"
-msgstr " %s 已成为悬空状态!"
+msgstr " %s 已成为摇摆状态!"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1281
 #, c-format
@@ -4373,15 +8022,35 @@
 msgid " * [pruned] %s"
 msgstr " * [已删除] %s"
 
+#: builtin/remote.c:1321
+msgid "prune remotes after fetching"
+msgstr "抓取后清除远程"
+
 #: builtin/remote.c:1387 builtin/remote.c:1461
 #, c-format
 msgid "No such remote '%s'"
 msgstr "没有此远程 '%s'"
 
+#: builtin/remote.c:1407
+msgid "add branch"
+msgstr "添加分支"
+
 #: builtin/remote.c:1414
 msgid "no remote specified"
 msgstr "未指定远程"
 
+#: builtin/remote.c:1436
+msgid "manipulate push URLs"
+msgstr "操作推送 URLS"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1438
+msgid "add URL"
+msgstr "添加 URL"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1440
+msgid "delete URLs"
+msgstr "删除 URLS"
+
 #: builtin/remote.c:1447
 msgid "--add --delete doesn't make sense"
 msgstr "--add --delete 无意义"
@@ -4400,6 +8069,55 @@
 msgid "Will not delete all non-push URLs"
 msgstr "将不会删除所有非推送URL地址"
 
+#: builtin/remote.c:1569
+msgid "be verbose; must be placed before a subcommand"
+msgstr "冗长输出;必须置于子命令之前"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:17
+msgid "git replace [-f] <object> <replacement>"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] <对象> <替换物>"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:18
+msgid "git replace -d <object>..."
+msgstr "git replace -d <对象>..."
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:19
+msgid "git replace -l [<pattern>]"
+msgstr "git replace -l [<模式>]"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:121
+msgid "list replace refs"
+msgstr "列出替换的引用"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:122
+msgid "delete replace refs"
+msgstr "删除替换的引用"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:123
+msgid "replace the ref if it exists"
+msgstr "如果存在则替换引用"
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:11
+msgid "git rerere [clear | forget path... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
+msgstr "git rerere [clear | forget path... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:56
+msgid "register clean resolutions in index"
+msgstr "在索引中注册干净的解决方案"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:25
+msgid ""
+"git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]"
+msgstr "git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<提交>]"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:26
+msgid "git reset [-q] <tree-ish> [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr "git reset [-q] <树或提交> [--] <路径>..."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:27
+msgid "git reset --patch [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]"
+msgstr "git reset --patch [<树或提交>] [--] [<路径>...]"
+
 #: builtin/reset.c:33
 msgid "mixed"
 msgstr "混杂"
@@ -4420,90 +8138,227 @@
 msgid "keep"
 msgstr "保持"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:77
+#: builtin/reset.c:73
 msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD."
 msgstr "您没有一个有效的 HEAD。"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:79
+#: builtin/reset.c:75
 msgid "Failed to find tree of HEAD."
 msgstr "无法找到 HEAD 指向的树。"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:85
+#: builtin/reset.c:81
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to find tree of %s."
 msgstr "无法找到 %s 指向的树。"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:96
-msgid "Could not write new index file."
-msgstr "不能写入新的索引文件。"
-
-#: builtin/reset.c:106
+#: builtin/reset.c:98
 #, c-format
 msgid "HEAD is now at %s"
 msgstr "HEAD 现在位于 %s"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:130
-msgid "Could not read index"
-msgstr "不能读取索引"
-
-#: builtin/reset.c:133
-msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
-msgstr "重置后撤出暂存区的变更:"
-
 #  译者:汉字之间无空格,故删除%s前后空格
-#: builtin/reset.c:223
+#: builtin/reset.c:169
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot do a %s reset in the middle of a merge."
 msgstr "在合并过程中不能做%s重置操作。"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:297
+#: builtin/reset.c:248
+msgid "be quiet, only report errors"
+msgstr "安静模式,只报告错误"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:250
+msgid "reset HEAD and index"
+msgstr "重置 HEAD 和索引"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:251
+msgid "reset only HEAD"
+msgstr "只重置 HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:253 builtin/reset.c:255
+msgid "reset HEAD, index and working tree"
+msgstr "重置 HEAD、索引和工作区"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:257
+msgid "reset HEAD but keep local changes"
+msgstr "重置 HEAD 但保存本地变更"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:275
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid revision."
+msgstr "无法将 '%s' 解析为一个有效的版本。"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:278 builtin/reset.c:286
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse object '%s'."
 msgstr "不能解析对象 '%s'。"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:302
-msgid "--patch is incompatible with --{hard,mixed,soft}"
-msgstr "--patch 与 --{hard,mixed,soft} 不兼容"
+#: builtin/reset.c:283
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid tree."
+msgstr "无法将 '%s' 解析为一个有效的树对象。"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:311
+#: builtin/reset.c:292
+msgid "--patch is incompatible with --{hard,mixed,soft}"
+msgstr "--patch 与 --{hard、mixed、soft} 选项不兼容"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:301
 msgid "--mixed with paths is deprecated; use 'git reset -- <paths>' instead."
-msgstr "--mixed 带路径已弃用,代之以 'git reset -- <paths>'。"
+msgstr "--mixed 带路径已弃用,而是用 'git reset -- <paths>'。"
 
 #  译者:汉字之间无空格,故删除%s前后空格
-#: builtin/reset.c:313
+#: builtin/reset.c:303
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot do %s reset with paths."
 msgstr "不能带路径进行%s重置。"
 
 #  译者:汉字之间无空格,故删除%s前后空格
-#: builtin/reset.c:325
+#: builtin/reset.c:313
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s reset is not allowed in a bare repository"
 msgstr "不能对裸版本库进行%s重置"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:341
+#: builtin/reset.c:333
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not reset index file to revision '%s'."
 msgstr "不能重置索引文件至版本 '%s'。"
 
+#: builtin/reset.c:339
+msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
+msgstr "重置后撤出暂存区的变更:"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:344
+msgid "Could not write new index file."
+msgstr "不能写入新的索引文件。"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:339
+msgid "git rev-parse --parseopt [options] -- [<args>...]"
+msgstr "git rev-parse --parseopt [选项] -- [<参数>...]"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:344
+msgid "keep the `--` passed as an arg"
+msgstr "保持 `--` 作为一个参数传递"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:346
+msgid "stop parsing after the first non-option argument"
+msgstr "遇到第一个非选项参数后停止解析"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:464
+msgid ""
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [options] -- [<args>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<arg>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse [options] [<arg>...]\n"
+"\n"
+"Run \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" for more information on the first usage."
+msgstr ""
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [选项] -- [<参数>...]\n"
+"   或者:git rev-parse --sq-quote [<选项>...]\n"
+"   或者:git rev-parse [options] [<选项>...]\n"
+"\n"
+"初次使用时执行 \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" 来获得更多信息。"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:22
+msgid "git revert [options] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git revert [选项] <提交号>..."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:23
+msgid "git revert <subcommand>"
+msgstr "git revert <子命令>"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:28
+msgid "git cherry-pick [options] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git cherry-pick [选项] <提交号>..."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:29
+msgid "git cherry-pick <subcommand>"
+msgstr "git cherry-pick <子命令>"
+
 #: builtin/revert.c:70 builtin/revert.c:92
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: %s cannot be used with %s"
-msgstr "%s:%s 不能和 %s 共用"
+msgstr "%s:%s 不能和 %s 同时使用"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:131
+#: builtin/revert.c:103
+msgid "end revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "终止反转或拣选操作"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:104
+msgid "resume revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "继续反转或拣选操作"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:105
+msgid "cancel revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "取消反转或拣选操作"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:106
+msgid "don't automatically commit"
+msgstr "不要自动提交"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:107
+msgid "edit the commit message"
+msgstr "编辑提交说明"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:110
+msgid "parent number"
+msgstr "父编号"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:112
+msgid "merge strategy"
+msgstr "合并策略"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:113
+msgid "option"
+msgstr "选项"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:114
+msgid "option for merge strategy"
+msgstr "合并策略的选项"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:125
+msgid "append commit name"
+msgstr "追加提交名称"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:126
+msgid "allow fast-forward"
+msgstr "允许快进式"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:127
+msgid "preserve initially empty commits"
+msgstr "保留初始化的空提交"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:128
+msgid "allow commits with empty messages"
+msgstr "允许提交说明为空"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:129
+msgid "keep redundant, empty commits"
+msgstr "保持多余的、空的提交"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:133
 msgid "program error"
 msgstr "程序错误"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:221
+#: builtin/revert.c:223
 msgid "revert failed"
 msgstr "还原失败"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:236
+#: builtin/revert.c:238
 msgid "cherry-pick failed"
 msgstr "拣选失败"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:109
+#: builtin/rm.c:15
+msgid "git rm [options] [--] <file>..."
+msgstr "git rm [选项] [--] <文件>..."
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:64 builtin/rm.c:186
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"submodule '%s' (or one of its nested submodules) uses a .git directory\n"
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+"子模组 '%s'(或者它的一个嵌套子模组)使用一个 .git 目录\n"
+"(使用 'rm -rf' 命令如果您真的想删除它及其全部历史)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:174
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s' has staged content different from both the file and the HEAD\n"
@@ -4512,7 +8367,7 @@
 "'%s' 暂存的内容和工作区及 HEAD 中的都不一样\n"
 "(使用 -f 强制删除)"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:115
+#: builtin/rm.c:180
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s' has changes staged in the index\n"
@@ -4521,7 +8376,7 @@
 "'%s' 有变更已暂存至索引中\n"
 "(使用 --cached 保存文件,或用 -f 强制删除)"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:119
+#: builtin/rm.c:191
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s' has local modifications\n"
@@ -4530,21 +8385,238 @@
 "'%s' 有本地修改\n"
 "(使用 --cached 保存文件,或用 -f 强制删除)"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:194
+#: builtin/rm.c:207
+msgid "do not list removed files"
+msgstr "不列出删除的文件"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:208
+msgid "only remove from the index"
+msgstr "只从索引区删除"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:209
+msgid "override the up-to-date check"
+msgstr "忽略文件更新状态检查"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:210
+msgid "allow recursive removal"
+msgstr "允许递归删除"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:212
+msgid "exit with a zero status even if nothing matched"
+msgstr "即使没有匹配,也以零状态退出"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:283
 #, c-format
 msgid "not removing '%s' recursively without -r"
 msgstr "未提供 -r 选项不会递归删除 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:230
+#: builtin/rm.c:322
 #, c-format
 msgid "git rm: unable to remove %s"
 msgstr "git rm:不能删除 %s"
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:157
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:13
+msgid "git shortlog [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] [<path>...]]"
+msgstr "git shortlog [<选项>] [<版本范围>] [[--] [<路径>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:131
 #, c-format
 msgid "Missing author: %s"
 msgstr "缺少作者:%s"
 
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:227
+msgid "sort output according to the number of commits per author"
+msgstr "根据每个作者的提交数量排序"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:229
+msgid "Suppress commit descriptions, only provides commit count"
+msgstr "隐藏提交说明,只提供提交数量"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:231
+msgid "Show the email address of each author"
+msgstr "显示每个作者的电子邮件地址"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:232
+msgid "w[,i1[,i2]]"
+msgstr "w[,i1[,i2]]"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:233
+msgid "Linewrap output"
+msgstr "折行输出"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:9
+msgid ""
+"git show-branch [-a|--all] [-r|--remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order] [--"
+"current] [--color[=<when>] | --no-color] [--sparse] [--more=<n> | --list | --"
+"independent | --merge-base] [--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<rev> | "
+"<glob>)...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git show-branch [-a|--all] [-r|--remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order] [--"
+"current] [--color[=<when>] | --no-color] [--sparse] [--more=<n> | --list | --"
+"independent | --merge-base] [--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<rev> | "
+"<glob>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:10
+msgid "git show-branch (-g|--reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<ref>]"
+msgstr "git show-branch (-g|--reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<ref>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:650
+msgid "show remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr "显示远程跟踪的和本地的分支"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:652
+msgid "show remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "显示远程跟踪的分支"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:654
+msgid "color '*!+-' corresponding to the branch"
+msgstr "着色 '*!+-' 到相应的分支"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:656
+msgid "show <n> more commits after the common ancestor"
+msgstr "显示共同祖先后的 <n> 个提交"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:658
+msgid "synonym to more=-1"
+msgstr "和 more=-1 同义"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:659
+msgid "suppress naming strings"
+msgstr "不显示字符串命名"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:661
+msgid "include the current branch"
+msgstr "包括当前分支"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:663
+msgid "name commits with their object names"
+msgstr "以对象名字命名提交"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:665
+msgid "show possible merge bases"
+msgstr "显示可能合并的基线"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:667
+msgid "show refs unreachable from any other ref"
+msgstr "显示没有任何引用的的引用"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:669
+msgid "show commits in topological order"
+msgstr "以拓扑顺序显示提交"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:671
+msgid "show only commits not on the first branch"
+msgstr "只显示不在第一个分支上的提交"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:673
+msgid "show merges reachable from only one tip"
+msgstr "显示仅一个分支可访问的合并提交"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:675
+msgid "show commits where no parent comes before its children"
+msgstr "显示提交时以时间为序且父提交不能领先子提交"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:677
+msgid "<n>[,<base>]"
+msgstr "<n>[,<base>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:678
+msgid "show <n> most recent ref-log entries starting at base"
+msgstr "显示从 base 开始的 <n> 条最近的引用日志记录"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:10
+msgid ""
+"git show-ref [-q|--quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d|--dereference] [-s|--"
+"hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [pattern*] "
+msgstr ""
+"git show-ref [-q|--quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d|--dereference] [-s|--"
+"hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [pattern*] "
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:11
+msgid "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=pattern] < ref-list"
+msgstr "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=模式] < 引用列表"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:165
+msgid "only show tags (can be combined with heads)"
+msgstr "只显示 tags(可以和头共用)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:166
+msgid "only show heads (can be combined with tags)"
+msgstr "只显示头(可以和 tags 共用)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:167
+msgid "stricter reference checking, requires exact ref path"
+msgstr "更严格的引用检测,需要精确的引用路径"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:170 builtin/show-ref.c:172
+msgid "show the HEAD reference"
+msgstr "显示 HEAD 引用"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:174
+msgid "dereference tags into object IDs"
+msgstr "转换 tags 到对象ID"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:176
+msgid "only show SHA1 hash using <n> digits"
+msgstr "只显示使用 <n> 个数字的 SHA1 哈希"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:180
+msgid "do not print results to stdout (useful with --verify)"
+msgstr "不打印结果到标准输出(例如与 --verify 参数共用)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:182
+msgid "show refs from stdin that aren't in local repository"
+msgstr "显示从标准输入中读入的不在本地版本库中的引用"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:7
+msgid "git symbolic-ref [options] name [ref]"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref [选项] 名称 [引用]"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:8
+msgid "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] name"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] 名称"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:40
+msgid "suppress error message for non-symbolic (detached) refs"
+msgstr "不显示非符号(分离的)引用的错误信息"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:41
+msgid "delete symbolic ref"
+msgstr "删除符号引用"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:42
+msgid "shorten ref output"
+msgstr "简短的引用输出"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:18
+msgid "reason"
+msgstr "原因"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:18
+msgid "reason of the update"
+msgstr "更新的原因"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:22
+msgid ""
+"git tag [-a|-s|-u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <msg>|-F <file>] <tagname> [<head>]"
+msgstr "git tag [-a|-s|-u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <说明>|-F <文件>] <标签名> [<头>]"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:23
+msgid "git tag -d <tagname>..."
+msgstr "git tag -d <标签名>..."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:24
+msgid ""
+"git tag -l [-n[<num>]] [--contains <commit>] [--points-at <object>] \n"
+"\t\t[<pattern>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git tag -l [-n[<num>]] [--contains <提交>] [--points-at <对象>] \n"
+"\t\t[<模式>...]"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:26
+msgid "git tag -v <tagname>..."
+msgstr "git tag -v <标签名>..."
+
 #: builtin/tag.c:60
 #, c-format
 msgid "malformed object at '%s'"
@@ -4571,150 +8643,361 @@
 msgstr "不能校验 tag '%s'"
 
 #: builtin/tag.c:249
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# Write a tag message\n"
-"# Lines starting with '#' will be ignored.\n"
-"#\n"
+"Write a tag message\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# 输入一个 tag 说明\n"
-"# 以 '#' 开头的行将被忽略。\n"
-"#\n"
+"输入一个 tag 说明\n"
+"以 '%c' 开头的行将被忽略。\n"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:256
+#: builtin/tag.c:253
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# Write a tag message\n"
-"# Lines starting with '#' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you "
+"Write a tag message\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you "
 "want to.\n"
-"#\n"
 msgstr ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# 输入一个 tag 说明\n"
-"# 以 '#' 开头的行将被忽略,您可以删除它们如果您想这样做。\n"
-"#\n"
+"输入一个 tag 说明\n"
+"以 '%c' 开头的行将被保留,如果您愿意也可以删除它们。\n"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:298
+#: builtin/tag.c:292
 msgid "unable to sign the tag"
 msgstr "无法签署 tag"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:300
+#: builtin/tag.c:294
 msgid "unable to write tag file"
 msgstr "无法写 tag 文件"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:325
+#: builtin/tag.c:319
 msgid "bad object type."
 msgstr "坏的对象类型。"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:338
+#: builtin/tag.c:332
 msgid "tag header too big."
 msgstr "tag 头信息太大。"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:370
+#: builtin/tag.c:368
 msgid "no tag message?"
 msgstr "无 tag 说明?"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:376
+#: builtin/tag.c:374
 #, c-format
 msgid "The tag message has been left in %s\n"
 msgstr "tag 说明被保留在 %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:425
+#: builtin/tag.c:423
 msgid "switch 'points-at' requires an object"
 msgstr "开关 'points-at' 需要一个对象"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:427
+#: builtin/tag.c:425
 #, c-format
 msgid "malformed object name '%s'"
 msgstr "非法的对象名 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:506
+#: builtin/tag.c:445
+msgid "list tag names"
+msgstr "列出tag名称"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:447
+msgid "print <n> lines of each tag message"
+msgstr "每个 tag 信息打印 <n> 行"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:449
+msgid "delete tags"
+msgstr "删除 tags"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:450
+msgid "verify tags"
+msgstr "验证 tags"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:452
+msgid "Tag creation options"
+msgstr "Tag 创建选项"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:454
+msgid "annotated tag, needs a message"
+msgstr "注解 tag,需要一个说明"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:456
+msgid "tag message"
+msgstr "tag 说明"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:458
+msgid "annotated and GPG-signed tag"
+msgstr "注解并 GPG 签名的 tag"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:462
+msgid "use another key to sign the tag"
+msgstr "使用另外的私钥签名 tag"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:463
+msgid "replace the tag if exists"
+msgstr "如果存在,替换现有的 tag"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:464
+msgid "show tag list in columns"
+msgstr "以列的方式显示 tag"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:466
+msgid "Tag listing options"
+msgstr "Tag 列表选项"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:469
+msgid "print only tags that contain the commit"
+msgstr "只打印包含提交的tags"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:475
+msgid "print only tags of the object"
+msgstr "只打印tags对象"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:504
 msgid "--column and -n are incompatible"
 msgstr "--column 和 -n 不兼容"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:523
+#: builtin/tag.c:521
 msgid "-n option is only allowed with -l."
-msgstr "-n 选项只允许和 -l 共用。"
+msgstr "-n 选项只允许和 -l 同时使用。"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:523
+msgid "--contains option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "--contains 选项只允许和 -l 同时使用。"
 
 #: builtin/tag.c:525
-msgid "--contains option is only allowed with -l."
-msgstr "--contains 选项只允许和 -l 共用。"
-
-#: builtin/tag.c:527
 msgid "--points-at option is only allowed with -l."
-msgstr "--points-at 选项只允许和 -l 共用。"
+msgstr "--points-at 选项只允许和 -l 同时使用。"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:535
+#: builtin/tag.c:533
 msgid "only one -F or -m option is allowed."
 msgstr "只允许一个 -F 或 -m 选项。"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:555
+#: builtin/tag.c:553
 msgid "too many params"
 msgstr "太多参数"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:561
+#: builtin/tag.c:559
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' is not a valid tag name."
 msgstr "'%s' 不是一个有效的tag名称。"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:566
+#: builtin/tag.c:564
 #, c-format
 msgid "tag '%s' already exists"
 msgstr "tag '%s' 已存在"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:584
+#: builtin/tag.c:582
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: cannot lock the ref"
 msgstr "%s:不能锁定引用"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:586
+#: builtin/tag.c:584
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: cannot update the ref"
 msgstr "%s:不能更新引用"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:588
+#: builtin/tag.c:586
 #, c-format
 msgid "Updated tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
 msgstr "已更新tag '%s'(曾为 %s)\n"
 
+#: builtin/update-index.c:401
+msgid "git update-index [options] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git update-index [选项] [--] [<文件>...]"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:718
+msgid "continue refresh even when index needs update"
+msgstr "当索引需要更新时继续刷新"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:721
+msgid "refresh: ignore submodules"
+msgstr "刷新:忽略子模组"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:724
+msgid "do not ignore new files"
+msgstr "不忽略新的文件"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:726
+msgid "let files replace directories and vice-versa"
+msgstr "让文件替换目录(反之亦然)"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:728
+msgid "notice files missing from worktree"
+msgstr "通知文件从工作区丢失"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:730
+msgid "refresh even if index contains unmerged entries"
+msgstr "即使索引区包含未合并的条目也执行刷新"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:733
+msgid "refresh stat information"
+msgstr "刷新统计信息"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:737
+msgid "like --refresh, but ignore assume-unchanged setting"
+msgstr "类似于 --refresh,但是忽略 assume-unchanged 设置"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:741
+msgid "<mode> <object> <path>"
+msgstr "<mode> <object> <path>"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:742
+msgid "add the specified entry to the index"
+msgstr "添加指定的条目到索引区"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:746
+msgid "(+/-)x"
+msgstr "(+/-)x"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:747
+msgid "override the executable bit of the listed files"
+msgstr "覆盖列表里文件的可执行位"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:751
+msgid "mark files as \"not changing\""
+msgstr "把文件标记为 \"没有变更\""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:754
+msgid "clear assumed-unchanged bit"
+msgstr "清除 assumed-unchanged 位"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:757
+msgid "mark files as \"index-only\""
+msgstr "把文件标记为 \"仅索引\""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:760
+msgid "clear skip-worktree bit"
+msgstr "清除 skip-worktree 位"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:763
+msgid "add to index only; do not add content to object database"
+msgstr "只添加到索引区;不添加对象到对象库"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:765
+msgid "remove named paths even if present in worktree"
+msgstr "即使存在工作区里,也删除路径"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:767
+msgid "with --stdin: input lines are terminated by null bytes"
+msgstr "携带 --stdin:输入的行以 null 字符终止"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:769
+msgid "read list of paths to be updated from standard input"
+msgstr "从标准输入中读取需要更新的路径列表"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:773
+msgid "add entries from standard input to the index"
+msgstr "从标准输入添加条目到索引区"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:777
+msgid "repopulate stages #2 and #3 for the listed paths"
+msgstr "为指定文件重新生成第2和第3暂存区"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:781
+msgid "only update entries that differ from HEAD"
+msgstr "只更新与 HEAD 不同的条目"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:785
+msgid "ignore files missing from worktree"
+msgstr "忽略工作区丢失的文件"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:788
+msgid "report actions to standard output"
+msgstr "在标准输出显示操作"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:790
+msgid "(for porcelains) forget saved unresolved conflicts"
+msgstr "(for porcelains) 忘记保存的未解决的冲突"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:794
+msgid "write index in this format"
+msgstr "以这种格式写入索引区"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:7
+msgid "git update-ref [options] -d <refname> [<oldval>]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [options] -d <引用名> [<旧值>]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:8
+msgid "git update-ref [options]    <refname> <newval> [<oldval>]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [options]    <引用名> <新值> [<旧值>]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:19
+msgid "delete the reference"
+msgstr "删除引用"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:21
+msgid "update <refname> not the one it points to"
+msgstr "更新 <引用名> 本身而不是它指向的引用"
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:6
+msgid "git update-server-info [--force]"
+msgstr "git update-server-info [--force]"
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:14
+msgid "update the info files from scratch"
+msgstr "从头开始更新文件信息"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:56
+msgid "git verify-pack [-v|--verbose] [-s|--stat-only] <pack>..."
+msgstr "git verify-pack [-v|--verbose] [-s|--stat-only] <pack>..."
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:66
+msgid "verbose"
+msgstr "冗长输出"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:68
+msgid "show statistics only"
+msgstr "只显示统计"
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:17
+msgid "git verify-tag [-v|--verbose] <tag>..."
+msgstr "git verify-tag [-v|--verbose] <tag>..."
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:73
+msgid "print tag contents"
+msgstr "打印 tag 内容"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:13
+msgid "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<prefix>/]"
+msgstr "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<前缀>/]"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:26
+msgid "<prefix>/"
+msgstr "<前缀>/"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:27
+msgid "write tree object for a subdirectory <prefix>"
+msgstr "将 <前缀> 子目录内容写到一个树对象"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:30
+msgid "only useful for debugging"
+msgstr "只对调试有用"
+
 #: git.c:16
-msgid "See 'git help <command>' for more information on a specific command."
-msgstr "参见 'git help <command>' 以获得该特定命令的详细信息。"
-
-#: parse-options.h:133 parse-options.h:235
-msgid "n"
-msgstr "数字"
-
-#: parse-options.h:141
-msgid "time"
-msgstr "时间"
-
-#: parse-options.h:149
-msgid "file"
-msgstr "文件"
-
-#: parse-options.h:151
-msgid "when"
-msgstr "何时"
+msgid ""
+"'git help -a' and 'git help -g' lists available subcommands and some\n"
+"concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>'\n"
+"to read about a specific subcommand or concept."
+msgstr ""
+"命令 'git help -a' 和 'git help -g' 显示可用的子命令和一些指南。参见\n"
+"'git help <命令>' 或 'git help <指南>' 来查看给定的子命令帮助或指南。"
 
 #: parse-options.h:156
 msgid "no-op (backward compatibility)"
 msgstr "空操作(向后兼容)"
 
-#: parse-options.h:228
+#: parse-options.h:232
 msgid "be more verbose"
 msgstr "更加详细"
 
-#: parse-options.h:230
+#: parse-options.h:234
 msgid "be more quiet"
 msgstr "更加安静"
 
-#: parse-options.h:236
+#: parse-options.h:240
 msgid "use <n> digits to display SHA-1s"
 msgstr "用 <n> 位数字显示 SHA-1 哈希值"
 
@@ -4755,8 +9038,8 @@
 msgstr "输出和模式匹配的行"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:17
-msgid "Create an empty git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
-msgstr "创建一个空的 git 版本库或者重新初始化一个"
+msgid "Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
+msgstr "创建一个空的 Git 版本库或重新初始化一个已存在的版本库"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:18
 msgid "Show commit logs"
@@ -4810,15 +9093,14 @@
 msgid ""
 "You seem to have moved HEAD since the last 'am' failure.\n"
 "Not rewinding to ORIG_HEAD"
-msgstr ""
-"您好像在上一次 'am' 失败后移动了 HEAD。未回退至 ORIG_HEAD"
+msgstr "您好像在上一次 'am' 失败后移动了 HEAD。未回退至 ORIG_HEAD"
 
 #: git-am.sh:105
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
-"When you have resolved this problem run \"$cmdline --resolved\".\n"
-"If you would prefer to skip this patch, instead run \"$cmdline --skip\".\n"
-"To restore the original branch and stop patching run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
+"When you have resolved this problem, run \"$cmdline --resolved\".\n"
+"If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"$cmdline --skip\" instead.\n"
+"To restore the original branch and stop patching, run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
 msgstr ""
 "当您解决了此问题后,执行 \"$cmdline --resolved\"。\n"
 "如果您想跳过此补丁,则执行 \"$cmdline --skip\"。\n"
@@ -4830,7 +9112,11 @@
 
 #: git-am.sh:137
 msgid "Repository lacks necessary blobs to fall back on 3-way merge."
-msgstr "版本库缺乏必要的 blob 数据以进行三路合并。"
+msgstr "版本库缺乏必要的数据(blob)对象以进行三路合并。"
+
+#: git-am.sh:139
+msgid "Using index info to reconstruct a base tree..."
+msgstr "使用索引来重建一个(三路合并的)基础目录树..."
 
 #: git-am.sh:154
 msgid ""
@@ -4838,48 +9124,56 @@
 "It does not apply to blobs recorded in its index."
 msgstr ""
 "您是否曾手动编辑过您的补丁?\n"
-"无法应用补丁到索引中的数据上。"
+"无法应用补丁到索引中的数据(blob)对象上。"
 
 #: git-am.sh:163
 msgid "Falling back to patching base and 3-way merge..."
 msgstr "转而在基础版本上打补丁及进行三路合并..."
 
-#: git-am.sh:275
+#: git-am.sh:179
+msgid "Failed to merge in the changes."
+msgstr "无法合并变更。"
+
+#: git-am.sh:274
 msgid "Only one StGIT patch series can be applied at once"
 msgstr "一次只能有一个 StGIT 补丁队列被应用"
 
-#: git-am.sh:362
+#: git-am.sh:361
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Patch format $patch_format is not supported."
 msgstr "不支持 $patch_format 补丁格式。"
 
-#: git-am.sh:364
+#: git-am.sh:363
 msgid "Patch format detection failed."
 msgstr "补丁格式检测失败。"
 
-#: git-am.sh:418
-msgid "-d option is no longer supported.  Do not use."
-msgstr "不再支持 -d 选项。不要使用。"
+#: git-am.sh:389
+msgid ""
+"The -b/--binary option has been a no-op for long time, and\n"
+"it will be removed. Please do not use it anymore."
+msgstr ""
+"参数 -b/--binary 已经很长时间不做任何实质操作了,并且将被删除。\n"
+"请不要再使用它了。"
 
-#: git-am.sh:481
+#: git-am.sh:477
 #, sh-format
 msgid "previous rebase directory $dotest still exists but mbox given."
 msgstr "之前的变基目录 $dotest 仍然存在但给出了mbox。"
 
-#: git-am.sh:486
+#: git-am.sh:482
 msgid "Please make up your mind. --skip or --abort?"
 msgstr "请下决心。--skip 或是 --abort ?"
 
-#: git-am.sh:513
+#: git-am.sh:509
 msgid "Resolve operation not in progress, we are not resuming."
 msgstr "解决操作未进行,我们不会继续。"
 
-#: git-am.sh:579
+#: git-am.sh:575
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Dirty index: cannot apply patches (dirty: $files)"
 msgstr "脏的索引:不能应用补丁(脏文件:$files)"
 
-#: git-am.sh:671
+#: git-am.sh:679
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "Patch is empty.  Was it split wrong?\n"
@@ -4890,15 +9184,15 @@
 "如果您想要跳过这个补丁,执行 \"$cmdline --skip\"。\n"
 "要恢复原分支并停止打补丁,执行 \"$cmdline --abort\"。"
 
-#: git-am.sh:708
+#: git-am.sh:706
 msgid "Patch does not have a valid e-mail address."
 msgstr "补丁中没有一个有效的邮件地址。"
 
-#: git-am.sh:755
+#: git-am.sh:753
 msgid "cannot be interactive without stdin connected to a terminal."
 msgstr "标准输入没有和终端关联,不能进行交互式操作。"
 
-#: git-am.sh:759
+#: git-am.sh:757
 msgid "Commit Body is:"
 msgstr "提交内容为:"
 
@@ -4906,16 +9200,16 @@
 #. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [y], [n], [e], [v] and [a]
 #. in your translation. The program will only accept English
 #. input at this point.
-#: git-am.sh:766
+#: git-am.sh:764
 msgid "Apply? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all "
 msgstr "应用?[y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all "
 
-#: git-am.sh:802
+#: git-am.sh:800
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Applying: $FIRSTLINE"
 msgstr "正应用:$FIRSTLINE"
 
-#: git-am.sh:823
+#: git-am.sh:821
 msgid ""
 "No changes - did you forget to use 'git add'?\n"
 "If there is nothing left to stage, chances are that something else\n"
@@ -4925,23 +9219,31 @@
 "如果没有什么要添加到暂存区的,则很可能是其它提交已经引入了相同的变更。\n"
 "您也许想要跳过这个补丁。"
 
-#: git-am.sh:831
+#: git-am.sh:829
 msgid ""
 "You still have unmerged paths in your index\n"
 "did you forget to use 'git add'?"
-msgstr ""
-"您的索引中仍有未合并的路径。您是否忘了执行 'git add'?"
+msgstr "您的索引中仍有未合并的路径。您是否忘了执行 'git add'?"
 
-#: git-am.sh:847
+#: git-am.sh:845
 msgid "No changes -- Patch already applied."
-msgstr "没有变更 -- 补丁已经应用过。"
+msgstr "没有变更 —— 补丁已经应用过。"
 
-#: git-am.sh:857
+#: git-am.sh:855
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Patch failed at $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
 msgstr "补丁失败于 $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
 
-#: git-am.sh:873
+#: git-am.sh:858
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"The copy of the patch that failed is found in:\n"
+"   $dotest/patch"
+msgstr ""
+"失败的补丁文件副本位于:\n"
+"   $dotest/patch"
+
+#: git-am.sh:876
 msgid "applying to an empty history"
 msgstr "正应用到一个空历史上"
 
@@ -5040,56 +9342,56 @@
 "然后需要提供我至少一个好版本和一个坏版本。\n"
 "(您可以用 \"git bisect bad\" 和 \"git bisect good\" 命令来标识。)"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:347 git-bisect.sh:474
+#: git-bisect.sh:363 git-bisect.sh:490
 msgid "We are not bisecting."
 msgstr "我们没有在二分查找。"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:354
+#: git-bisect.sh:370
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$invalid' is not a valid commit"
 msgstr "'$invalid' 不是一个有效的提交"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:363
+#: git-bisect.sh:379
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "Could not check out original HEAD '$branch'.\n"
 "Try 'git bisect reset <commit>'."
 msgstr ""
 "不能检出原始 HEAD '$branch'。\n"
-"尝试 'git bisect reset <commit>'。"
+"尝试 'git bisect reset <提交>'。"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:390
+#: git-bisect.sh:406
 msgid "No logfile given"
 msgstr "未提供日志文件"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:391
+#: git-bisect.sh:407
 #, sh-format
 msgid "cannot read $file for replaying"
 msgstr "不能读取 $file 来重放"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:408
+#: git-bisect.sh:424
 msgid "?? what are you talking about?"
 msgstr "?? 您在说什么?"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:420
+#: git-bisect.sh:436
 #, sh-format
 msgid "running $command"
 msgstr "运行 $command"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:427
+#: git-bisect.sh:443
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "bisect run failed:\n"
 "exit code $res from '$command' is < 0 or >= 128"
 msgstr ""
 "二分查找运行失败:\n"
-"命令 '$command' 的退出码 $res 或者小于 0 或者大于等于 128"
+"命令 '$command' 的退出码 $res 小于 0 或大于等于 128"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:453
+#: git-bisect.sh:469
 msgid "bisect run cannot continue any more"
 msgstr "二分查找不能继续运行"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:459
+#: git-bisect.sh:475
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "bisect run failed:\n"
@@ -5098,7 +9400,7 @@
 "二分查找运行失败:\n"
 "'bisect_state $state' 退出码为 $res"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:466
+#: git-bisect.sh:482
 msgid "bisect run success"
 msgstr "二分查找运行成功"
 
@@ -5116,7 +9418,7 @@
 msgid "Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files."
 msgstr "Pull 不可用,因为您尚有未合并的文件。"
 
-#: git-pull.sh:197
+#: git-pull.sh:203
 msgid "updating an unborn branch with changes added to the index"
 msgstr "更新尚未诞生的分支,变更添加至索引"
 
@@ -5124,7 +9426,7 @@
 #. The working tree and the index file is still based on the
 #. $orig_head commit, but we are merging into $curr_head.
 #. First update the working tree to match $curr_head.
-#: git-pull.sh:228
+#: git-pull.sh:235
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "Warning: fetch updated the current branch head.\n"
@@ -5134,14 +9436,135 @@
 "警告:fetch 更新了当前的分支。您的工作区\n"
 "警告:从原提交 $orig_head 快进。"
 
-#: git-pull.sh:253
+#: git-pull.sh:260
 msgid "Cannot merge multiple branches into empty head"
 msgstr "无法将多个分支合并到空分支"
 
-#: git-pull.sh:257
+#: git-pull.sh:264
 msgid "Cannot rebase onto multiple branches"
 msgstr "无法变基到多个分支"
 
+#: git-rebase.sh:53
+msgid ""
+"When you have resolved this problem, run \"git rebase --continue\".\n"
+"If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"git rebase --skip\" instead.\n"
+"To check out the original branch and stop rebasing, run \"git rebase --abort"
+"\"."
+msgstr ""
+"当您解决了此问题后,执行 \"git rebase --continue\"。\n"
+"如果您想跳过此补丁,则执行 \"git rebase --skip\"。\n"
+"要恢复原分支并停止变基,执行 \"git rebase --abort\"。"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:160
+msgid "The pre-rebase hook refused to rebase."
+msgstr "钩子 pre-rebase 拒绝变基。"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:165
+msgid "It looks like git-am is in progress. Cannot rebase."
+msgstr "似乎正处于在 git-am 的执行过程中。无法变基。"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:296
+msgid "The --exec option must be used with the --interactive option"
+msgstr "选项 --exec 必须和选项 --interactive 同时使用"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:301
+msgid "No rebase in progress?"
+msgstr "没有正在进行的变基?"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:312
+msgid "The --edit-todo action can only be used during interactive rebase."
+msgstr "动作 --edit-todo 只能用在交互式变基过程中。"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:319
+msgid "Cannot read HEAD"
+msgstr "不能读取 HEAD"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:322
+msgid ""
+"You must edit all merge conflicts and then\n"
+"mark them as resolved using git add"
+msgstr ""
+"您必须编辑所有的合并冲突,然后通过 git add\n"
+"命令将它们标记为已解决"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:340
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not move back to $head_name"
+msgstr "无法移回 $head_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:359
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"It seems that there is already a $state_dir_base directory, and\n"
+"I wonder if you are in the middle of another rebase.  If that is the\n"
+"case, please try\n"
+"\t$cmd_live_rebase\n"
+"If that is not the case, please\n"
+"\t$cmd_clear_stale_rebase\n"
+"and run me again.  I am stopping in case you still have something\n"
+"valuable there."
+msgstr ""
+"好像已有一个 $state_dir_base 目录,我怀疑您正处于另外一个变基过程中。\n"
+"如果是这样,请尝试执行\n"
+"\t$cmd_live_rebase\n"
+"如果不是这样,请执行\n"
+"\t$cmd_clear_stale_rebase\n"
+"然后再重新执行变基。为避免您丢失重要数据,我已经停止当前操作。"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:404
+#, sh-format
+msgid "invalid upstream $upstream_name"
+msgstr "无效的上游 $upstream_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:428
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there are more than one merge bases"
+msgstr "$onto_name: 有一个以上的合并基准"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:431 git-rebase.sh:435
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there is no merge base"
+msgstr "$onto_name: 没有合并基准"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:440
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Does not point to a valid commit: $onto_name"
+msgstr "没有指向一个有效的提交:$onto_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:463
+#, sh-format
+msgid "fatal: no such branch: $branch_name"
+msgstr "严重错误:无此分支:$branch_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:483
+msgid "Please commit or stash them."
+msgstr "请提交或为它们保存进度。"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:501
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date."
+msgstr "当前分支 $branch_name 是最新的。"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:504
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date, rebase forced."
+msgstr "当前分支 $branch_name 是最新的,强制变基。"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:515
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Changes from $mb to $onto:"
+msgstr "变更从 $mb 到 $onto:"
+
+#. Detach HEAD and reset the tree
+#: git-rebase.sh:524
+msgid "First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it..."
+msgstr "首先,重置头指针以便在上面重放您的工作..."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:532
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Fast-forwarded $branch_name to $onto_name."
+msgstr "快进 $branch_name 至 $onto_name。"
+
 #: git-stash.sh:51
 msgid "git stash clear with parameters is unimplemented"
 msgstr "git stash clear 不支持参数"
@@ -5249,59 +9672,59 @@
 msgid "Cannot unstage modified files"
 msgstr "无法还原修改的文件"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:474
+#: git-stash.sh:475
 msgid "Index was not unstashed."
 msgstr "索引的进度没有被恢复。"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:491
+#: git-stash.sh:492
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Dropped ${REV} ($s)"
 msgstr "丢弃了 ${REV} ($s)"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:492
+#: git-stash.sh:493
 #, sh-format
 msgid "${REV}: Could not drop stash entry"
 msgstr "${REV}:不能丢弃进度条目"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:499
+#: git-stash.sh:500
 msgid "No branch name specified"
 msgstr "未指定分支名"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:570
+#: git-stash.sh:571
 msgid "(To restore them type \"git stash apply\")"
 msgstr "(为恢复数据输入 \"git stash apply\")"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:56
+#: git-submodule.sh:91
 #, sh-format
 msgid "cannot strip one component off url '$remoteurl'"
 msgstr "无法从 url '$remoteurl' 剥离一个组件"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:109
+#: git-submodule.sh:196
 #, sh-format
 msgid "No submodule mapping found in .gitmodules for path '$sm_path'"
 msgstr "未在 .gitmodules 中发现路径 '$sm_path' 的子模组映射"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:150
+#: git-submodule.sh:239
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Clone of '$url' into submodule path '$sm_path' failed"
 msgstr "无法克隆 '$url' 到子模组路径 '$sm_path'"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:160
+#: git-submodule.sh:251
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Gitdir '$a' is part of the submodule path '$b' or vice versa"
-msgstr "Gitdir '$a' 在子模组路径 '$b' 之下或者相反"
+msgstr "Gitdir '$a' 在子模组路径 '$b' 之下或相反"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:249
+#: git-submodule.sh:349
 #, sh-format
 msgid "repo URL: '$repo' must be absolute or begin with ./|../"
 msgstr "版本库URL:'$repo' 必须是绝对路径或以 ./|../ 起始"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:266
+#: git-submodule.sh:366
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$sm_path' already exists in the index"
 msgstr "'$sm_path' 已经存在于索引中"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:270
+#: git-submodule.sh:370
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "The following path is ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
@@ -5312,160 +9735,357 @@
 "$sm_path\n"
 "如果您确实想添加它,使用 -f 参数。"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:281
+#: git-submodule.sh:388
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Adding existing repo at '$sm_path' to the index"
 msgstr "添加位于 '$sm_path' 的现存版本库到索引"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:283
+#: git-submodule.sh:390
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$sm_path' already exists and is not a valid git repo"
 msgstr "'$sm_path' 已存在且不是一个有效的 git 版本库"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:297
+#: git-submodule.sh:398
+#, sh-format
+msgid "A git directory for '$sm_name' is found locally with remote(s):"
+msgstr "本地发现 '$sm_name' 的一个 git 目录,与其对应的远程版本库:"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:400
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to reuse this local git directory instead of cloning again from"
+msgstr "如果您想重用此本地 git 目录而不是重新克隆自"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:402
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"use the '--force' option. If the local git directory is not the correct repo"
+msgstr "使用 '--force' 参数。如果本地 git 目录不是正确的版本库"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:403
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"or you are unsure what this means choose another name with the '--name' "
+"option."
+msgstr "或者您不确定其中含义使用 '--name' 参数选择另外一个名称。"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:405
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Reactivating local git directory for submodule '$sm_name'."
+msgstr "激活本地 git 目录到子模组 '$sm_name'。"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:417
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Unable to checkout submodule '$sm_path'"
 msgstr "不能检出子模组 '$sm_path'"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:302
+#: git-submodule.sh:422
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Failed to add submodule '$sm_path'"
 msgstr "无法添加子模组 '$sm_path'"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:307
+#: git-submodule.sh:431
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Failed to register submodule '$sm_path'"
 msgstr "无法注册子模组 '$sm_path'"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:349
+#: git-submodule.sh:474
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Entering '$prefix$sm_path'"
 msgstr "正在进入 '$prefix$sm_path'"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:363
+#: git-submodule.sh:488
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Stopping at '$sm_path'; script returned non-zero status."
 msgstr "停止于 '$sm_path',脚本返回非零值。"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:406
+#: git-submodule.sh:532
 #, sh-format
 msgid "No url found for submodule path '$sm_path' in .gitmodules"
 msgstr "在 .gitmodules 中未找到子模组路径 '$sm_path' 的 url"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:415
+#: git-submodule.sh:541
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '$sm_path'"
 msgstr "无法为子模组路径 '$sm_path' 注册 url"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:417
+#: git-submodule.sh:543
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) registered for path '$sm_path'"
 msgstr "子模组 '$name' ($url) 已为路径 '$sm_path' 注册"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:425
+#: git-submodule.sh:551
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '$sm_path'"
 msgstr "无法为子模组路径 '$sm_path' 注册更新模式"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:524
+#: git-submodule.sh:588
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Use '.' if you really want to deinitialize all submodules"
+msgstr "使用 '.' 如果您真的想要对所有子模组取消初始化"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:603
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule work tree '$sm_path' contains a .git directory"
+msgstr "子模组工作区 '$sm_path' 包含一个 .git 目录"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:604
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
-"Submodule path '$sm_path' not initialized\n"
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr "(使用 'rm -rf' 命令如果您真的想删除它及其全部历史)"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:610
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule work tree '$sm_path' contains local modifications; use '-f' to "
+"discard them"
+msgstr "子模组工作区 '$sm_path' 包含本地修改;使用 '-f' 丢弃它们"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:613
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cleared directory '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "已清除目录 '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:614
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not remove submodule work tree '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "无法移除子模组工作区 '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:617
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not create empty submodule directory '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "不能创建空的子模组目录 '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:626
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) unregistered for path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "子模组 '$name' ($url) 未对路径 '$sm_path' 注册"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:731
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule path '$prefix$sm_path' not initialized\n"
 "Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?"
 msgstr ""
-"子模组路径 '$sm_path' 没有初始化\n"
+"子模组路径 '$prefix$sm_path' 没有初始化\n"
 "也许您想用 'update --init'?"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:537
+#: git-submodule.sh:744
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "无法在子模组路径 '$sm_path' 中找到当前版本"
+msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr "无法在子模组路径 '$prefix$sm_path' 中找到当前版本"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:556
+#: git-submodule.sh:753
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$sm_path'"
 msgstr "无法在子模组路径 '$sm_path' 中获取"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:570
+#: git-submodule.sh:777
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "无法在子模组路径 '$sm_path' 中变基 '$sha1'"
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr "无法在子模组路径 '$prefix$sm_path' 中获取"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:571
+#: git-submodule.sh:791
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule path '$sm_path': rebased into '$sha1'"
-msgstr "子模组路径 '$sm_path':变基至 '$sha1'"
+msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr "无法在子模组路径 '$prefix$sm_path' 中变基 '$sha1'"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:576
+#: git-submodule.sh:792
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "无法合并 '$sha1' 到子模组路径 '$sm_path' 中"
+msgid "Submodule path '$prefix$sm_path': rebased into '$sha1'"
+msgstr "子模组路径 '$prefix$sm_path':变基至 '$sha1'"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:577
+#: git-submodule.sh:797
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule path '$sm_path': merged in '$sha1'"
-msgstr "子模组路径 '$sm_path':已合并入 '$sha1'"
+msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr "无法合并 '$sha1' 到子模组路径 '$prefix$sm_path' 中"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:582
+#: git-submodule.sh:798
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "无法在子模组路径 '$sm_path' 中检出 '$sha1'"
+msgid "Submodule path '$prefix$sm_path': merged in '$sha1'"
+msgstr "子模组路径 '$prefix$sm_path':已合并入 '$sha1'"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:583
+#: git-submodule.sh:803
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule path '$sm_path': checked out '$sha1'"
-msgstr "子模组路径 '$sm_path':检出 '$sha1'"
+msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr "无法在子模组路径 '$prefix$sm_path' 中检出 '$sha1'"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:605 git-submodule.sh:928
+#: git-submodule.sh:804
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "无法递归进子模组路径 '$sm_path'"
+msgid "Submodule path '$prefix$sm_path': checked out '$sha1'"
+msgstr "子模组路径 '$prefix$sm_path':检出 '$sha1'"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:713
-msgid "--cached cannot be used with --files"
-msgstr "--cached 不能和 --files 共用"
+#: git-submodule.sh:831
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr "无法递归进子模组路径 '$prefix$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:939
+msgid "The --cached option cannot be used with the --files option"
+msgstr "选项 --cached 不能和选项 --files 同时使用"
 
 #. unexpected type
-#: git-submodule.sh:753
+#: git-submodule.sh:979
 #, sh-format
 msgid "unexpected mode $mod_dst"
 msgstr "意外的模式 $mod_dst"
 
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
-#: git-submodule.sh:771
+#: git-submodule.sh:997
 #, sh-format
 msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
 msgstr "  警告:$name 未包含提交 $sha1_src"
 
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
-#: git-submodule.sh:774
+#: git-submodule.sh:1000
 #, sh-format
 msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
 msgstr "  警告:$name 未包含提交 $sha1_dst"
 
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
-#: git-submodule.sh:777
+#: git-submodule.sh:1003
 #, sh-format
 msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
 msgstr "  警告:$name 未包含提交 $sha1_src 和 $sha1_dst"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:802
+#: git-submodule.sh:1028
 msgid "blob"
-msgstr "blob"
+msgstr "数据对象"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:803
-msgid "submodule"
-msgstr "子模组"
+#: git-submodule.sh:1066
+msgid "Submodules changed but not updated:"
+msgstr "子模组已修改但尚未更新:"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:840
-msgid "# Submodules changed but not updated:"
-msgstr "# 子模组已修改但尚未更新:"
-
-#: git-submodule.sh:842
-msgid "# Submodule changes to be committed:"
+#: git-submodule.sh:1068
+msgid "Submodule changes to be committed:"
 msgstr "要提交的子模组变更:"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:974
+#: git-submodule.sh:1153
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$name'"
-msgstr "为 '$name' 同步子模组 url"
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "无法递归进子模组路径 '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1216
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr "为 '$prefix$sm_path' 同步子模组 url"
+
+#~ msgid "git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [rev-opts] [--] [<commit-id>... ]"
+#~ msgstr "git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [版本选项] [--] [<提交号>... ]"
+
+#~ msgid "See 'git help <command>' for more information on a specific command."
+#~ msgstr "参见 'git help <command>' 以获得该特定命令的详细信息。"
+
+#~ msgid "BUG: impossible combination of %d and %p"
+#~ msgstr "BUG: 无法组合 %d 和 %p"
+
+#  译者:以下三条实际为一个段落
+#~ msgid "It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files.  'status -uno'"
+#~ msgstr "耗费了 %.2f 秒以枚举未跟踪的文件。'status -uno'"
+
+#  译者:为对齐,下面两句内容有调整
+#~ msgid "may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add"
+#~ msgstr "也许能提高速度,但您需要小心不要忘了添加新文件"
+
+#~ msgid "new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+#~ msgstr "(参见 'git help status')。"
+
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "aaaSynchronizing submodule url for '$prefix$sm_path'"
+#~ msgstr "为 '$prefix$sm_path' 同步子模组 url"
+
+#~ msgid "use any ref in .git/refs"
+#~ msgstr "使用 .git/refs 里的任意引用"
+
+#~ msgid "use any tag in .git/refs/tags"
+#~ msgstr "使用 .git/refs/tags 里的任意 tag"
+
+#~ msgid "bad object %s"
+#~ msgstr "坏对象 %s"
+
+#~ msgid "bogus committer info %s"
+#~ msgstr "虚假的提交者信息 %s"
+
+#~ msgid "can't fdopen 'show' output fd"
+#~ msgstr "不能打开 'show' 输出文件句柄"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to close pipe to 'show' for object '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "无法为对象 '%s' 的 'show' 关闭管道"
+
+#~ msgid " 0 files changed"
+#~ msgstr " 0 个文件被修改"
+
+#~ msgid " %d file changed"
+#~ msgid_plural " %d files changed"
+#~ msgstr[0] " %d 个文件被修改"
+#~ msgstr[1] " %d 个文件被修改"
+
+#~ msgid ", %d insertion(+)"
+#~ msgid_plural ", %d insertions(+)"
+#~ msgstr[0] ",插入 %d 行(+)"
+#~ msgstr[1] ",插入 %d 行(+)"
+
+#~ msgid ", %d deletion(-)"
+#~ msgid_plural ", %d deletions(-)"
+#~ msgstr[0] ",删除 %d 行(-)"
+#~ msgstr[1] ",删除 %d 行(-)"
+
+#~ msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD"
+#~ msgstr "您没有一个有效的 HEAD"
+
+#~ msgid "oops"
+#~ msgstr "哎哟"
+
+#~ msgid "Would not remove %s\n"
+#~ msgstr "不会删除 %s\n"
+
+#~ msgid "Not removing %s\n"
+#~ msgstr "未删除 %s\n"
+
+#~ msgid "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance.\n"
+#~ msgstr "自动打包版本库以求最佳性能。\n"
+
+#~ msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | -d | <branch>])"
+#~ msgstr "git remote set-head <名称> (-a | -d | <分支>])"
+
+#~ msgid "Could not read index"
+#~ msgstr "不能读取索引"
+
+#  译者:中文字符串拼接,可删除前导空格
+#~ msgid " (use \"git add\" to track)"
+#~ msgstr "(使用 \"git add\" 建立跟踪)"
+
+#~ msgid "-B cannot be used with -b"
+#~ msgstr "-B 不能和 -b 同时使用"
+
+#~ msgid "--patch is incompatible with all other options"
+#~ msgstr "--patch 选项和其他选项不兼容"
+
+#~ msgid "--detach cannot be used with -b/-B/--orphan"
+#~ msgstr "--detach 不能和 -b/-B/--orphan 同时使用"
+
+#~ msgid "--detach cannot be used with -t"
+#~ msgstr "--detach 不能和 -t 同时使用"
+
+#~ msgid "--orphan and -b|-B are mutually exclusive"
+#~ msgstr "--orphan 和 -b|-B 互斥"
+
+#~ msgid "--orphan cannot be used with -t"
+#~ msgstr "--orphan 不能和 -t 同时使用"
+
+#~ msgid "git checkout: -f and -m are incompatible"
+#~ msgstr "git checkout:-f 和 -m 不兼容"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "git checkout: updating paths is incompatible with switching branches."
+#~ msgstr "git checkout:更新路径和切换分支不兼容。"
+
+#~ msgid "diff setup failed"
+#~ msgstr "diff 设置失败"
+
+#~ msgid "merge-recursive: disk full?"
+#~ msgstr "merge-recursive:磁盘已满?"
+
+#~ msgid "diff_setup_done failed"
+#~ msgstr "diff_setup_done 失败"
diff --git a/pretty.c b/pretty.c
index 8b1ea9f..9e43154 100644
--- a/pretty.c
+++ b/pretty.c
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@
 	}
 }
 
-static int has_rfc822_specials(const char *s, int len)
+static int needs_rfc822_quoting(const char *s, int len)
 {
 	int i;
 	for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
@@ -240,6 +240,17 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int last_line_length(struct strbuf *sb)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	/* How many bytes are already used on the last line? */
+	for (i = sb->len - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+		if (sb->buf[i] == '\n')
+			break;
+	return sb->len - (i + 1);
+}
+
 static void add_rfc822_quoted(struct strbuf *out, const char *s, int len)
 {
 	int i;
@@ -261,124 +272,204 @@
 	strbuf_addch(out, '"');
 }
 
-static int is_rfc2047_special(char ch)
+enum rfc2047_type {
+	RFC2047_SUBJECT,
+	RFC2047_ADDRESS,
+};
+
+static int is_rfc2047_special(char ch, enum rfc2047_type type)
 {
-	return (non_ascii(ch) || (ch == '=') || (ch == '?') || (ch == '_'));
+	/*
+	 * rfc2047, section 4.2:
+	 *
+	 *    8-bit values which correspond to printable ASCII characters other
+	 *    than "=", "?", and "_" (underscore), MAY be represented as those
+	 *    characters.  (But see section 5 for restrictions.)  In
+	 *    particular, SPACE and TAB MUST NOT be represented as themselves
+	 *    within encoded words.
+	 */
+
+	/*
+	 * rule out non-ASCII characters and non-printable characters (the
+	 * non-ASCII check should be redundant as isprint() is not localized
+	 * and only knows about ASCII, but be defensive about that)
+	 */
+	if (non_ascii(ch) || !isprint(ch))
+		return 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * rule out special printable characters (' ' should be the only
+	 * whitespace character considered printable, but be defensive and use
+	 * isspace())
+	 */
+	if (isspace(ch) || ch == '=' || ch == '?' || ch == '_')
+		return 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * rfc2047, section 5.3:
+	 *
+	 *    As a replacement for a 'word' entity within a 'phrase', for example,
+	 *    one that precedes an address in a From, To, or Cc header.  The ABNF
+	 *    definition for 'phrase' from RFC 822 thus becomes:
+	 *
+	 *    phrase = 1*( encoded-word / word )
+	 *
+	 *    In this case the set of characters that may be used in a "Q"-encoded
+	 *    'encoded-word' is restricted to: <upper and lower case ASCII
+	 *    letters, decimal digits, "!", "*", "+", "-", "/", "=", and "_"
+	 *    (underscore, ASCII 95.)>.  An 'encoded-word' that appears within a
+	 *    'phrase' MUST be separated from any adjacent 'word', 'text' or
+	 *    'special' by 'linear-white-space'.
+	 */
+
+	if (type != RFC2047_ADDRESS)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* '=' and '_' are special cases and have been checked above */
+	return !(isalnum(ch) || ch == '!' || ch == '*' || ch == '+' || ch == '-' || ch == '/');
 }
 
-static void add_rfc2047(struct strbuf *sb, const char *line, int len,
-		       const char *encoding)
+static int needs_rfc2047_encoding(const char *line, int len,
+				  enum rfc2047_type type)
 {
-	static const int max_length = 78; /* per rfc2822 */
 	int i;
-	int line_len;
-
-	/* How many bytes are already used on the current line? */
-	for (i = sb->len - 1; i >= 0; i--)
-		if (sb->buf[i] == '\n')
-			break;
-	line_len = sb->len - (i+1);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
 		int ch = line[i];
 		if (non_ascii(ch) || ch == '\n')
-			goto needquote;
+			return 1;
 		if ((i + 1 < len) && (ch == '=' && line[i+1] == '?'))
-			goto needquote;
+			return 1;
 	}
-	strbuf_add_wrapped_bytes(sb, line, len, 0, 1, max_length - line_len);
-	return;
 
-needquote:
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void add_rfc2047(struct strbuf *sb, const char *line, size_t len,
+		       const char *encoding, enum rfc2047_type type)
+{
+	static const int max_encoded_length = 76; /* per rfc2047 */
+	int i;
+	int line_len = last_line_length(sb);
+
 	strbuf_grow(sb, len * 3 + strlen(encoding) + 100);
 	strbuf_addf(sb, "=?%s?q?", encoding);
 	line_len += strlen(encoding) + 5; /* 5 for =??q? */
-	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-		unsigned ch = line[i] & 0xFF;
 
-		if (line_len >= max_length - 2) {
+	while (len) {
+		/*
+		 * RFC 2047, section 5 (3):
+		 *
+		 * Each 'encoded-word' MUST represent an integral number of
+		 * characters.  A multi-octet character may not be split across
+		 * adjacent 'encoded- word's.
+		 */
+		const unsigned char *p = (const unsigned char *)line;
+		int chrlen = mbs_chrlen(&line, &len, encoding);
+		int is_special = (chrlen > 1) || is_rfc2047_special(*p, type);
+
+		/* "=%02X" * chrlen, or the byte itself */
+		const char *encoded_fmt = is_special ? "=%02X"    : "%c";
+		int	    encoded_len = is_special ? 3 * chrlen : 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * According to RFC 2047, we could encode the special character
+		 * ' ' (space) with '_' (underscore) for readability. But many
+		 * programs do not understand this and just leave the
+		 * underscore in place. Thus, we do nothing special here, which
+		 * causes ' ' to be encoded as '=20', avoiding this problem.
+		 */
+
+		if (line_len + encoded_len + 2 > max_encoded_length) {
+			/* It won't fit with trailing "?=" --- break the line */
 			strbuf_addf(sb, "?=\n =?%s?q?", encoding);
 			line_len = strlen(encoding) + 5 + 1; /* =??q? plus SP */
 		}
 
-		/*
-		 * We encode ' ' using '=20' even though rfc2047
-		 * allows using '_' for readability.  Unfortunately,
-		 * many programs do not understand this and just
-		 * leave the underscore in place.
-		 */
-		if (is_rfc2047_special(ch) || ch == ' ' || ch == '\n') {
-			strbuf_addf(sb, "=%02X", ch);
-			line_len += 3;
-		}
-		else {
-			strbuf_addch(sb, ch);
-			line_len++;
-		}
+		for (i = 0; i < chrlen; i++)
+			strbuf_addf(sb, encoded_fmt, p[i]);
+		line_len += encoded_len;
 	}
 	strbuf_addstr(sb, "?=");
 }
 
+static const char *show_ident_date(const struct ident_split *ident,
+				   enum date_mode mode)
+{
+	unsigned long date = 0;
+	int tz = 0;
+
+	if (ident->date_begin && ident->date_end)
+		date = strtoul(ident->date_begin, NULL, 10);
+	if (ident->tz_begin && ident->tz_end)
+		tz = strtol(ident->tz_begin, NULL, 10);
+	return show_date(date, tz, mode);
+}
+
 void pp_user_info(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 		  const char *what, struct strbuf *sb,
 		  const char *line, const char *encoding)
 {
-	char *date;
-	int namelen;
-	unsigned long time;
-	int tz;
+	struct ident_split ident;
+	char *line_end;
+	const char *mailbuf, *namebuf;
+	size_t namelen, maillen;
+	int max_length = 78; /* per rfc2822 */
 
 	if (pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_ONELINE)
 		return;
-	date = strchr(line, '>');
-	if (!date)
+
+	line_end = strchrnul(line, '\n');
+	if (split_ident_line(&ident, line, line_end - line))
 		return;
-	namelen = ++date - line;
-	time = strtoul(date, &date, 10);
-	tz = strtol(date, NULL, 10);
+
+	mailbuf = ident.mail_begin;
+	maillen = ident.mail_end - ident.mail_begin;
+	namebuf = ident.name_begin;
+	namelen = ident.name_end - ident.name_begin;
+
+	if (pp->mailmap)
+		map_user(pp->mailmap, &mailbuf, &maillen, &namebuf, &namelen);
 
 	if (pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_EMAIL) {
-		char *name_tail = strchr(line, '<');
-		int display_name_length;
-		int final_line;
-		if (!name_tail)
-			return;
-		while (line < name_tail && isspace(name_tail[-1]))
-			name_tail--;
-		display_name_length = name_tail - line;
 		strbuf_addstr(sb, "From: ");
-		if (!has_rfc822_specials(line, display_name_length)) {
-			add_rfc2047(sb, line, display_name_length, encoding);
-		} else {
+		if (needs_rfc2047_encoding(namebuf, namelen, RFC2047_ADDRESS)) {
+			add_rfc2047(sb, namebuf, namelen,
+				    encoding, RFC2047_ADDRESS);
+			max_length = 76; /* per rfc2047 */
+		} else if (needs_rfc822_quoting(namebuf, namelen)) {
 			struct strbuf quoted = STRBUF_INIT;
-			add_rfc822_quoted(&quoted, line, display_name_length);
-			add_rfc2047(sb, quoted.buf, quoted.len, encoding);
+			add_rfc822_quoted(&quoted, namebuf, namelen);
+			strbuf_add_wrapped_bytes(sb, quoted.buf, quoted.len,
+							-6, 1, max_length);
 			strbuf_release(&quoted);
+		} else {
+			strbuf_add_wrapped_bytes(sb, namebuf, namelen,
+						 -6, 1, max_length);
 		}
-		for (final_line = 0; final_line < sb->len; final_line++)
-			if (sb->buf[sb->len - final_line - 1] == '\n')
-				break;
-		if (namelen - display_name_length + final_line > 78) {
+
+		if (max_length <
+		    last_line_length(sb) + strlen(" <") + maillen + strlen(">"))
 			strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
-			if (!isspace(name_tail[0]))
-				strbuf_addch(sb, ' ');
-		}
-		strbuf_add(sb, name_tail, namelen - display_name_length);
-		strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
+		strbuf_addf(sb, " <%.*s>\n", (int)maillen, mailbuf);
 	} else {
-		strbuf_addf(sb, "%s: %.*s%.*s\n", what,
-			      (pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_FULLER) ? 4 : 0,
-			      "    ", namelen, line);
+		strbuf_addf(sb, "%s: %.*s%.*s <%.*s>\n", what,
+			    (pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_FULLER) ? 4 : 0, "    ",
+			    (int)namelen, namebuf, (int)maillen, mailbuf);
 	}
+
 	switch (pp->fmt) {
 	case CMIT_FMT_MEDIUM:
-		strbuf_addf(sb, "Date:   %s\n", show_date(time, tz, pp->date_mode));
+		strbuf_addf(sb, "Date:   %s\n",
+			    show_ident_date(&ident, pp->date_mode));
 		break;
 	case CMIT_FMT_EMAIL:
-		strbuf_addf(sb, "Date: %s\n", show_date(time, tz, DATE_RFC2822));
+		strbuf_addf(sb, "Date: %s\n",
+			    show_ident_date(&ident, DATE_RFC2822));
 		break;
 	case CMIT_FMT_FULLER:
-		strbuf_addf(sb, "%sDate: %s\n", what, show_date(time, tz, pp->date_mode));
+		strbuf_addf(sb, "%sDate: %s\n", what,
+			    show_ident_date(&ident, pp->date_mode));
 		break;
 	default:
 		/* notin' */
@@ -434,10 +525,11 @@
 	strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
 }
 
-static char *get_header(const struct commit *commit, const char *key)
+static char *get_header(const struct commit *commit, const char *msg,
+			const char *key)
 {
 	int key_len = strlen(key);
-	const char *line = commit->buffer;
+	const char *line = msg;
 
 	while (line) {
 		const char *eol = strchr(line, '\n'), *next;
@@ -493,33 +585,94 @@
 }
 
 char *logmsg_reencode(const struct commit *commit,
+		      char **commit_encoding,
 		      const char *output_encoding)
 {
 	static const char *utf8 = "UTF-8";
 	const char *use_encoding;
 	char *encoding;
+	char *msg = commit->buffer;
 	char *out;
 
-	if (!*output_encoding)
-		return NULL;
-	encoding = get_header(commit, "encoding");
+	if (!msg) {
+		enum object_type type;
+		unsigned long size;
+
+		msg = read_sha1_file(commit->object.sha1, &type, &size);
+		if (!msg)
+			die("Cannot read commit object %s",
+			    sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+		if (type != OBJ_COMMIT)
+			die("Expected commit for '%s', got %s",
+			    sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1), typename(type));
+	}
+
+	if (!output_encoding || !*output_encoding) {
+		if (commit_encoding)
+			*commit_encoding =
+				get_header(commit, msg, "encoding");
+		return msg;
+	}
+	encoding = get_header(commit, msg, "encoding");
+	if (commit_encoding)
+		*commit_encoding = encoding;
 	use_encoding = encoding ? encoding : utf8;
-	if (!strcmp(use_encoding, output_encoding))
-		if (encoding) /* we'll strip encoding header later */
-			out = xstrdup(commit->buffer);
-		else
-			return NULL; /* nothing to do */
-	else
-		out = reencode_string(commit->buffer,
-				      output_encoding, use_encoding);
+	if (same_encoding(use_encoding, output_encoding)) {
+		/*
+		 * No encoding work to be done. If we have no encoding header
+		 * at all, then there's nothing to do, and we can return the
+		 * message verbatim (whether newly allocated or not).
+		 */
+		if (!encoding)
+			return msg;
+
+		/*
+		 * Otherwise, we still want to munge the encoding header in the
+		 * result, which will be done by modifying the buffer. If we
+		 * are using a fresh copy, we can reuse it. But if we are using
+		 * the cached copy from commit->buffer, we need to duplicate it
+		 * to avoid munging commit->buffer.
+		 */
+		out = msg;
+		if (out == commit->buffer)
+			out = xstrdup(out);
+	}
+	else {
+		/*
+		 * There's actual encoding work to do. Do the reencoding, which
+		 * still leaves the header to be replaced in the next step. At
+		 * this point, we are done with msg. If we allocated a fresh
+		 * copy, we can free it.
+		 */
+		out = reencode_string(msg, output_encoding, use_encoding);
+		if (out && msg != commit->buffer)
+			free(msg);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * This replacement actually consumes the buffer we hand it, so we do
+	 * not have to worry about freeing the old "out" here.
+	 */
 	if (out)
 		out = replace_encoding_header(out, output_encoding);
 
-	free(encoding);
-	return out;
+	if (!commit_encoding)
+		free(encoding);
+	/*
+	 * If the re-encoding failed, out might be NULL here; in that
+	 * case we just return the commit message verbatim.
+	 */
+	return out ? out : msg;
 }
 
-static int mailmap_name(char *email, int email_len, char *name, int name_len)
+void logmsg_free(char *msg, const struct commit *commit)
+{
+	if (msg != commit->buffer)
+		free(msg);
+}
+
+static int mailmap_name(const char **email, size_t *email_len,
+			const char **name, size_t *name_len)
 {
 	static struct string_list *mail_map;
 	if (!mail_map) {
@@ -534,68 +687,49 @@
 {
 	/* currently all placeholders have same length */
 	const int placeholder_len = 2;
-	int tz;
-	unsigned long date = 0;
-	char person_name[1024];
-	char person_mail[1024];
 	struct ident_split s;
-	const char *name_start, *name_end, *mail_start, *mail_end;
+	const char *name, *mail;
+	size_t maillen, namelen;
 
 	if (split_ident_line(&s, msg, len) < 0)
 		goto skip;
 
-	name_start = s.name_begin;
-	name_end = s.name_end;
-	mail_start = s.mail_begin;
-	mail_end = s.mail_end;
+	name = s.name_begin;
+	namelen = s.name_end - s.name_begin;
+	mail = s.mail_begin;
+	maillen = s.mail_end - s.mail_begin;
 
-	if (part == 'N' || part == 'E') { /* mailmap lookup */
-		snprintf(person_name, sizeof(person_name), "%.*s",
-			 (int)(name_end - name_start), name_start);
-		snprintf(person_mail, sizeof(person_mail), "%.*s",
-			 (int)(mail_end - mail_start), mail_start);
-		mailmap_name(person_mail, sizeof(person_mail), person_name, sizeof(person_name));
-		name_start = person_name;
-		name_end = name_start + strlen(person_name);
-		mail_start = person_mail;
-		mail_end = mail_start +  strlen(person_mail);
-	}
+	if (part == 'N' || part == 'E') /* mailmap lookup */
+		mailmap_name(&mail, &maillen, &name, &namelen);
 	if (part == 'n' || part == 'N') {	/* name */
-		strbuf_add(sb, name_start, name_end-name_start);
+		strbuf_add(sb, name, namelen);
 		return placeholder_len;
 	}
 	if (part == 'e' || part == 'E') {	/* email */
-		strbuf_add(sb, mail_start, mail_end-mail_start);
+		strbuf_add(sb, mail, maillen);
 		return placeholder_len;
 	}
 
 	if (!s.date_begin)
 		goto skip;
 
-	date = strtoul(s.date_begin, NULL, 10);
-
 	if (part == 't') {	/* date, UNIX timestamp */
 		strbuf_add(sb, s.date_begin, s.date_end - s.date_begin);
 		return placeholder_len;
 	}
 
-	/* parse tz */
-	tz = strtoul(s.tz_begin + 1, NULL, 10);
-	if (*s.tz_begin == '-')
-		tz = -tz;
-
 	switch (part) {
 	case 'd':	/* date */
-		strbuf_addstr(sb, show_date(date, tz, dmode));
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, show_ident_date(&s, dmode));
 		return placeholder_len;
 	case 'D':	/* date, RFC2822 style */
-		strbuf_addstr(sb, show_date(date, tz, DATE_RFC2822));
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, show_ident_date(&s, DATE_RFC2822));
 		return placeholder_len;
 	case 'r':	/* date, relative */
-		strbuf_addstr(sb, show_date(date, tz, DATE_RELATIVE));
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, show_ident_date(&s, DATE_RELATIVE));
 		return placeholder_len;
 	case 'i':	/* date, ISO 8601 */
-		strbuf_addstr(sb, show_date(date, tz, DATE_ISO8601));
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, show_ident_date(&s, DATE_ISO8601));
 		return placeholder_len;
 	}
 
@@ -617,24 +751,38 @@
 	size_t len;
 };
 
+enum flush_type {
+	no_flush,
+	flush_right,
+	flush_left,
+	flush_left_and_steal,
+	flush_both
+};
+
+enum trunc_type {
+	trunc_none,
+	trunc_left,
+	trunc_middle,
+	trunc_right
+};
+
 struct format_commit_context {
 	const struct commit *commit;
 	const struct pretty_print_context *pretty_ctx;
 	unsigned commit_header_parsed:1;
 	unsigned commit_message_parsed:1;
-	unsigned commit_signature_parsed:1;
-	struct {
-		char *gpg_output;
-		char good_bad;
-		char *signer;
-	} signature;
+	struct signature_check signature_check;
+	enum flush_type flush_type;
+	enum trunc_type truncate;
 	char *message;
+	char *commit_encoding;
 	size_t width, indent1, indent2;
+	int auto_color;
+	int padding;
 
 	/* These offsets are relative to the start of the commit message. */
 	struct chunk author;
 	struct chunk committer;
-	struct chunk encoding;
 	size_t message_off;
 	size_t subject_off;
 	size_t body_off;
@@ -681,9 +829,6 @@
 		} else if (!prefixcmp(msg + i, "committer ")) {
 			context->committer.off = i + 10;
 			context->committer.len = eol - i - 10;
-		} else if (!prefixcmp(msg + i, "encoding ")) {
-			context->encoding.off = i + 9;
-			context->encoding.len = eol - i - 9;
 		}
 		i = eol;
 	}
@@ -764,23 +909,6 @@
 	c->commit_message_parsed = 1;
 }
 
-static void format_decoration(struct strbuf *sb, const struct commit *commit)
-{
-	struct name_decoration *d;
-	const char *prefix = " (";
-
-	load_ref_decorations(DECORATE_SHORT_REFS);
-	d = lookup_decoration(&name_decoration, &commit->object);
-	while (d) {
-		strbuf_addstr(sb, prefix);
-		prefix = ", ";
-		strbuf_addstr(sb, d->name);
-		d = d->next;
-	}
-	if (prefix[0] == ',')
-		strbuf_addch(sb, ')');
-}
-
 static void strbuf_wrap(struct strbuf *sb, size_t pos,
 			size_t width, size_t indent1, size_t indent2)
 {
@@ -810,59 +938,6 @@
 	c->indent2 = new_indent2;
 }
 
-static struct {
-	char result;
-	const char *check;
-} signature_check[] = {
-	{ 'G', ": Good signature from " },
-	{ 'B', ": BAD signature from " },
-};
-
-static void parse_signature_lines(struct format_commit_context *ctx)
-{
-	const char *buf = ctx->signature.gpg_output;
-	int i;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(signature_check); i++) {
-		const char *found = strstr(buf, signature_check[i].check);
-		const char *next;
-		if (!found)
-			continue;
-		ctx->signature.good_bad = signature_check[i].result;
-		found += strlen(signature_check[i].check);
-		next = strchrnul(found, '\n');
-		ctx->signature.signer = xmemdupz(found, next - found);
-		break;
-	}
-}
-
-static void parse_commit_signature(struct format_commit_context *ctx)
-{
-	struct strbuf payload = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct strbuf signature = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct strbuf gpg_output = STRBUF_INIT;
-	int status;
-
-	ctx->commit_signature_parsed = 1;
-
-	if (parse_signed_commit(ctx->commit->object.sha1,
-				&payload, &signature) <= 0)
-		goto out;
-	status = verify_signed_buffer(payload.buf, payload.len,
-				      signature.buf, signature.len,
-				      &gpg_output);
-	if (status && !gpg_output.len)
-		goto out;
-	ctx->signature.gpg_output = strbuf_detach(&gpg_output, NULL);
-	parse_signature_lines(ctx);
-
- out:
-	strbuf_release(&gpg_output);
-	strbuf_release(&payload);
-	strbuf_release(&signature);
-}
-
-
 static int format_reflog_person(struct strbuf *sb,
 				char part,
 				struct reflog_walk_info *log,
@@ -880,7 +955,112 @@
 	return format_person_part(sb, part, ident, strlen(ident), dmode);
 }
 
-static size_t format_commit_one(struct strbuf *sb, const char *placeholder,
+static size_t parse_color(struct strbuf *sb, /* in UTF-8 */
+			  const char *placeholder,
+			  struct format_commit_context *c)
+{
+	if (placeholder[1] == '(') {
+		const char *begin = placeholder + 2;
+		const char *end = strchr(begin, ')');
+		char color[COLOR_MAXLEN];
+
+		if (!end)
+			return 0;
+		if (!prefixcmp(begin, "auto,")) {
+			if (!want_color(c->pretty_ctx->color))
+				return end - placeholder + 1;
+			begin += 5;
+		}
+		color_parse_mem(begin,
+				end - begin,
+				"--pretty format", color);
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, color);
+		return end - placeholder + 1;
+	}
+	if (!prefixcmp(placeholder + 1, "red")) {
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, GIT_COLOR_RED);
+		return 4;
+	} else if (!prefixcmp(placeholder + 1, "green")) {
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, GIT_COLOR_GREEN);
+		return 6;
+	} else if (!prefixcmp(placeholder + 1, "blue")) {
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, GIT_COLOR_BLUE);
+		return 5;
+	} else if (!prefixcmp(placeholder + 1, "reset")) {
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, GIT_COLOR_RESET);
+		return 6;
+	} else
+		return 0;
+}
+
+static size_t parse_padding_placeholder(struct strbuf *sb,
+					const char *placeholder,
+					struct format_commit_context *c)
+{
+	const char *ch = placeholder;
+	enum flush_type flush_type;
+	int to_column = 0;
+
+	switch (*ch++) {
+	case '<':
+		flush_type = flush_right;
+		break;
+	case '>':
+		if (*ch == '<') {
+			flush_type = flush_both;
+			ch++;
+		} else if (*ch == '>') {
+			flush_type = flush_left_and_steal;
+			ch++;
+		} else
+			flush_type = flush_left;
+		break;
+	default:
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* the next value means "wide enough to that column" */
+	if (*ch == '|') {
+		to_column = 1;
+		ch++;
+	}
+
+	if (*ch == '(') {
+		const char *start = ch + 1;
+		const char *end = start + strcspn(start, ",)");
+		char *next;
+		int width;
+		if (!end || end == start)
+			return 0;
+		width = strtoul(start, &next, 10);
+		if (next == start || width == 0)
+			return 0;
+		c->padding = to_column ? -width : width;
+		c->flush_type = flush_type;
+
+		if (*end == ',') {
+			start = end + 1;
+			end = strchr(start, ')');
+			if (!end || end == start)
+				return 0;
+			if (!prefixcmp(start, "trunc)"))
+				c->truncate = trunc_right;
+			else if (!prefixcmp(start, "ltrunc)"))
+				c->truncate = trunc_left;
+			else if (!prefixcmp(start, "mtrunc)"))
+				c->truncate = trunc_middle;
+			else
+				return 0;
+		} else
+			c->truncate = trunc_none;
+
+		return end - placeholder + 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static size_t format_commit_one(struct strbuf *sb, /* in UTF-8 */
+				const char *placeholder,
 				void *context)
 {
 	struct format_commit_context *c = context;
@@ -892,31 +1072,20 @@
 	/* these are independent of the commit */
 	switch (placeholder[0]) {
 	case 'C':
-		if (placeholder[1] == '(') {
-			const char *end = strchr(placeholder + 2, ')');
-			char color[COLOR_MAXLEN];
-			if (!end)
-				return 0;
-			color_parse_mem(placeholder + 2,
-					end - (placeholder + 2),
-					"--pretty format", color);
-			strbuf_addstr(sb, color);
-			return end - placeholder + 1;
+		if (!prefixcmp(placeholder + 1, "(auto)")) {
+			c->auto_color = 1;
+			return 7; /* consumed 7 bytes, "C(auto)" */
+		} else {
+			int ret = parse_color(sb, placeholder, c);
+			if (ret)
+				c->auto_color = 0;
+			/*
+			 * Otherwise, we decided to treat %C<unknown>
+			 * as a literal string, and the previous
+			 * %C(auto) is still valid.
+			 */
+			return ret;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(placeholder + 1, "red")) {
-			strbuf_addstr(sb, GIT_COLOR_RED);
-			return 4;
-		} else if (!prefixcmp(placeholder + 1, "green")) {
-			strbuf_addstr(sb, GIT_COLOR_GREEN);
-			return 6;
-		} else if (!prefixcmp(placeholder + 1, "blue")) {
-			strbuf_addstr(sb, GIT_COLOR_BLUE);
-			return 5;
-		} else if (!prefixcmp(placeholder + 1, "reset")) {
-			strbuf_addstr(sb, GIT_COLOR_RESET);
-			return 6;
-		} else
-			return 0;
 	case 'n':		/* newline */
 		strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
 		return 1;
@@ -954,6 +1123,10 @@
 			return end - placeholder + 1;
 		} else
 			return 0;
+
+	case '<':
+	case '>':
+		return parse_padding_placeholder(sb, placeholder, c);
 	}
 
 	/* these depend on the commit */
@@ -962,13 +1135,19 @@
 
 	switch (placeholder[0]) {
 	case 'H':		/* commit hash */
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, diff_get_color(c->auto_color, DIFF_COMMIT));
 		strbuf_addstr(sb, sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, diff_get_color(c->auto_color, DIFF_RESET));
 		return 1;
 	case 'h':		/* abbreviated commit hash */
-		if (add_again(sb, &c->abbrev_commit_hash))
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, diff_get_color(c->auto_color, DIFF_COMMIT));
+		if (add_again(sb, &c->abbrev_commit_hash)) {
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, diff_get_color(c->auto_color, DIFF_RESET));
 			return 1;
+		}
 		strbuf_addstr(sb, find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.sha1,
 						     c->pretty_ctx->abbrev));
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, diff_get_color(c->auto_color, DIFF_RESET));
 		c->abbrev_commit_hash.len = sb->len - c->abbrev_commit_hash.off;
 		return 1;
 	case 'T':		/* tree hash */
@@ -1005,7 +1184,8 @@
 		strbuf_addstr(sb, get_revision_mark(NULL, commit));
 		return 1;
 	case 'd':
-		format_decoration(sb, commit);
+		load_ref_decorations(DECORATE_SHORT_REFS);
+		format_decorations(sb, commit, c->auto_color);
 		return 1;
 	case 'g':		/* reflog info */
 		switch(placeholder[1]) {
@@ -1033,32 +1213,37 @@
 		}
 		return 0;	/* unknown %g placeholder */
 	case 'N':
-		if (c->pretty_ctx->show_notes) {
-			format_display_notes(commit->object.sha1, sb,
-				    get_log_output_encoding(), 0);
+		if (c->pretty_ctx->notes_message) {
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, c->pretty_ctx->notes_message);
 			return 1;
 		}
 		return 0;
 	}
 
 	if (placeholder[0] == 'G') {
-		if (!c->commit_signature_parsed)
-			parse_commit_signature(c);
+		if (!c->signature_check.result)
+			check_commit_signature(c->commit, &(c->signature_check));
 		switch (placeholder[1]) {
 		case 'G':
-			if (c->signature.gpg_output)
-				strbuf_addstr(sb, c->signature.gpg_output);
+			if (c->signature_check.gpg_output)
+				strbuf_addstr(sb, c->signature_check.gpg_output);
 			break;
 		case '?':
-			switch (c->signature.good_bad) {
+			switch (c->signature_check.result) {
 			case 'G':
 			case 'B':
-				strbuf_addch(sb, c->signature.good_bad);
+			case 'U':
+			case 'N':
+				strbuf_addch(sb, c->signature_check.result);
 			}
 			break;
 		case 'S':
-			if (c->signature.signer)
-				strbuf_addstr(sb, c->signature.signer);
+			if (c->signature_check.signer)
+				strbuf_addstr(sb, c->signature_check.signer);
+			break;
+		case 'K':
+			if (c->signature_check.key)
+				strbuf_addstr(sb, c->signature_check.key);
 			break;
 		}
 		return 2;
@@ -1079,7 +1264,8 @@
 				   msg + c->committer.off, c->committer.len,
 				   c->pretty_ctx->date_mode);
 	case 'e':	/* encoding */
-		strbuf_add(sb, msg + c->encoding.off, c->encoding.len);
+		if (c->commit_encoding)
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, c->commit_encoding);
 		return 1;
 	case 'B':	/* raw body */
 		/* message_off is always left at the initial newline */
@@ -1105,7 +1291,111 @@
 	return 0;	/* unknown placeholder */
 }
 
-static size_t format_commit_item(struct strbuf *sb, const char *placeholder,
+static size_t format_and_pad_commit(struct strbuf *sb, /* in UTF-8 */
+				    const char *placeholder,
+				    struct format_commit_context *c)
+{
+	struct strbuf local_sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int total_consumed = 0, len, padding = c->padding;
+	if (padding < 0) {
+		const char *start = strrchr(sb->buf, '\n');
+		int occupied;
+		if (!start)
+			start = sb->buf;
+		occupied = utf8_strnwidth(start, -1, 1);
+		padding = (-padding) - occupied;
+	}
+	while (1) {
+		int modifier = *placeholder == 'C';
+		int consumed = format_commit_one(&local_sb, placeholder, c);
+		total_consumed += consumed;
+
+		if (!modifier)
+			break;
+
+		placeholder += consumed;
+		if (*placeholder != '%')
+			break;
+		placeholder++;
+		total_consumed++;
+	}
+	len = utf8_strnwidth(local_sb.buf, -1, 1);
+
+	if (c->flush_type == flush_left_and_steal) {
+		const char *ch = sb->buf + sb->len - 1;
+		while (len > padding && ch > sb->buf) {
+			const char *p;
+			if (*ch == ' ') {
+				ch--;
+				padding++;
+				continue;
+			}
+			/* check for trailing ansi sequences */
+			if (*ch != 'm')
+				break;
+			p = ch - 1;
+			while (ch - p < 10 && *p != '\033')
+				p--;
+			if (*p != '\033' ||
+			    ch + 1 - p != display_mode_esc_sequence_len(p))
+				break;
+			/*
+			 * got a good ansi sequence, put it back to
+			 * local_sb as we're cutting sb
+			 */
+			strbuf_insert(&local_sb, 0, p, ch + 1 - p);
+			ch = p - 1;
+		}
+		strbuf_setlen(sb, ch + 1 - sb->buf);
+		c->flush_type = flush_left;
+	}
+
+	if (len > padding) {
+		switch (c->truncate) {
+		case trunc_left:
+			strbuf_utf8_replace(&local_sb,
+					    0, len - (padding - 2),
+					    "..");
+			break;
+		case trunc_middle:
+			strbuf_utf8_replace(&local_sb,
+					    padding / 2 - 1,
+					    len - (padding - 2),
+					    "..");
+			break;
+		case trunc_right:
+			strbuf_utf8_replace(&local_sb,
+					    padding - 2, len - (padding - 2),
+					    "..");
+			break;
+		case trunc_none:
+			break;
+		}
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, local_sb.buf);
+	} else {
+		int sb_len = sb->len, offset = 0;
+		if (c->flush_type == flush_left)
+			offset = padding - len;
+		else if (c->flush_type == flush_both)
+			offset = (padding - len) / 2;
+		/*
+		 * we calculate padding in columns, now
+		 * convert it back to chars
+		 */
+		padding = padding - len + local_sb.len;
+		strbuf_grow(sb, padding);
+		strbuf_setlen(sb, sb_len + padding);
+		memset(sb->buf + sb_len, ' ', sb->len - sb_len);
+		memcpy(sb->buf + sb_len + offset, local_sb.buf,
+		       local_sb.len);
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&local_sb);
+	c->flush_type = no_flush;
+	return total_consumed;
+}
+
+static size_t format_commit_item(struct strbuf *sb, /* in UTF-8 */
+				 const char *placeholder,
 				 void *context)
 {
 	int consumed;
@@ -1134,7 +1424,10 @@
 		placeholder++;
 
 	orig_len = sb->len;
-	consumed = format_commit_one(sb, placeholder, context);
+	if (((struct format_commit_context *)context)->flush_type != no_flush)
+		consumed = format_and_pad_commit(sb, placeholder, context);
+	else
+		consumed = format_commit_one(sb, placeholder, context);
 	if (magic == NO_MAGIC)
 		return consumed;
 
@@ -1184,31 +1477,41 @@
 			   const struct pretty_print_context *pretty_ctx)
 {
 	struct format_commit_context context;
-	static const char utf8[] = "UTF-8";
 	const char *output_enc = pretty_ctx->output_encoding;
+	const char *utf8 = "UTF-8";
 
 	memset(&context, 0, sizeof(context));
 	context.commit = commit;
 	context.pretty_ctx = pretty_ctx;
 	context.wrap_start = sb->len;
-	context.message = commit->buffer;
-	if (output_enc) {
-		char *enc = get_header(commit, "encoding");
-		if (strcmp(enc ? enc : utf8, output_enc)) {
-			context.message = logmsg_reencode(commit, output_enc);
-			if (!context.message)
-				context.message = commit->buffer;
-		}
-		free(enc);
-	}
+	context.message = logmsg_reencode(commit,
+					  &context.commit_encoding,
+					  output_enc);
 
 	strbuf_expand(sb, format, format_commit_item, &context);
 	rewrap_message_tail(sb, &context, 0, 0, 0);
 
-	if (context.message != commit->buffer)
-		free(context.message);
-	free(context.signature.gpg_output);
-	free(context.signature.signer);
+	if (output_enc) {
+		if (same_encoding(utf8, output_enc))
+			output_enc = NULL;
+	} else {
+		if (context.commit_encoding &&
+		    !same_encoding(context.commit_encoding, utf8))
+			output_enc = context.commit_encoding;
+	}
+
+	if (output_enc) {
+		int outsz;
+		char *out = reencode_string_len(sb->buf, sb->len,
+						output_enc, utf8, &outsz);
+		if (out)
+			strbuf_attach(sb, out, outsz, outsz + 1);
+	}
+
+	free(context.commit_encoding);
+	logmsg_free(context.message, commit);
+	free(context.signature_check.gpg_output);
+	free(context.signature_check.signer);
 }
 
 static void pp_header(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
@@ -1236,7 +1539,7 @@
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		if (!memcmp(line, "parent ", 7)) {
+		if (!prefixcmp(line, "parent ")) {
 			if (linelen != 48)
 				die("bad parent line in commit");
 			continue;
@@ -1260,11 +1563,11 @@
 		 * FULL shows both authors but not dates.
 		 * FULLER shows both authors and dates.
 		 */
-		if (!memcmp(line, "author ", 7)) {
+		if (!prefixcmp(line, "author ")) {
 			strbuf_grow(sb, linelen + 80);
 			pp_user_info(pp, "Author", sb, line + 7, encoding);
 		}
-		if (!memcmp(line, "committer ", 10) &&
+		if (!prefixcmp(line, "committer ") &&
 		    (pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_FULL || pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_FULLER)) {
 			strbuf_grow(sb, linelen + 80);
 			pp_user_info(pp, "Commit", sb, line + 10, encoding);
@@ -1278,6 +1581,7 @@
 		   const char *encoding,
 		   int need_8bit_cte)
 {
+	static const int max_length = 78; /* per rfc2047 */
 	struct strbuf title;
 
 	strbuf_init(&title, 80);
@@ -1287,7 +1591,12 @@
 	strbuf_grow(sb, title.len + 1024);
 	if (pp->subject) {
 		strbuf_addstr(sb, pp->subject);
-		add_rfc2047(sb, title.buf, title.len, encoding);
+		if (needs_rfc2047_encoding(title.buf, title.len, RFC2047_SUBJECT))
+			add_rfc2047(sb, title.buf, title.len,
+						encoding, RFC2047_SUBJECT);
+		else
+			strbuf_add_wrapped_bytes(sb, title.buf, title.len,
+					 -last_line_length(sb), 1, max_length);
 	} else {
 		strbuf_addbuf(sb, &title);
 	}
@@ -1341,23 +1650,13 @@
 	}
 }
 
-char *reencode_commit_message(const struct commit *commit, const char **encoding_p)
-{
-	const char *encoding;
-
-	encoding = get_log_output_encoding();
-	if (encoding_p)
-		*encoding_p = encoding;
-	return logmsg_reencode(commit, encoding);
-}
-
 void pretty_print_commit(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 			 const struct commit *commit,
 			 struct strbuf *sb)
 {
 	unsigned long beginning_of_body;
 	int indent = 4;
-	const char *msg = commit->buffer;
+	const char *msg;
 	char *reencoded;
 	const char *encoding;
 	int need_8bit_cte = pp->need_8bit_cte;
@@ -1367,10 +1666,8 @@
 		return;
 	}
 
-	reencoded = reencode_commit_message(commit, &encoding);
-	if (reencoded) {
-		msg = reencoded;
-	}
+	encoding = get_log_output_encoding();
+	msg = reencoded = logmsg_reencode(commit, NULL, encoding);
 
 	if (pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_ONELINE || pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_EMAIL)
 		indent = 0;
@@ -1427,11 +1724,7 @@
 	if (pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_EMAIL && sb->len <= beginning_of_body)
 		strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
 
-	if (pp->show_notes)
-		format_display_notes(commit->object.sha1, sb, encoding,
-				     NOTES_SHOW_HEADER | NOTES_INDENT);
-
-	free(reencoded);
+	logmsg_free(reencoded, commit);
 }
 
 void pp_commit_easy(enum cmit_fmt fmt, const struct commit *commit,
diff --git a/progress.c b/progress.c
index 3971f49..10652b1 100644
--- a/progress.c
+++ b/progress.c
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 
 #include "git-compat-util.h"
 #include "progress.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
 
 #define TP_IDX_MAX      8
 
@@ -112,34 +113,14 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void throughput_string(struct throughput *tp, off_t total,
+static void throughput_string(struct strbuf *buf, off_t total,
 			      unsigned int rate)
 {
-	int l = sizeof(tp->display);
-	if (total > 1 << 30) {
-		l -= snprintf(tp->display, l, ", %u.%2.2u GiB",
-			      (int)(total >> 30),
-			      (int)(total & ((1 << 30) - 1)) / 10737419);
-	} else if (total > 1 << 20) {
-		int x = total + 5243;  /* for rounding */
-		l -= snprintf(tp->display, l, ", %u.%2.2u MiB",
-			      x >> 20, ((x & ((1 << 20) - 1)) * 100) >> 20);
-	} else if (total > 1 << 10) {
-		int x = total + 5;  /* for rounding */
-		l -= snprintf(tp->display, l, ", %u.%2.2u KiB",
-			      x >> 10, ((x & ((1 << 10) - 1)) * 100) >> 10);
-	} else {
-		l -= snprintf(tp->display, l, ", %u bytes", (int)total);
-	}
-
-	if (rate > 1 << 10) {
-		int x = rate + 5;  /* for rounding */
-		snprintf(tp->display + sizeof(tp->display) - l, l,
-			 " | %u.%2.2u MiB/s",
-			 x >> 10, ((x & ((1 << 10) - 1)) * 100) >> 10);
-	} else if (rate)
-		snprintf(tp->display + sizeof(tp->display) - l, l,
-			 " | %u KiB/s", rate);
+	strbuf_addstr(buf, ", ");
+	strbuf_humanise_bytes(buf, total);
+	strbuf_addstr(buf, " | ");
+	strbuf_humanise_bytes(buf, rate * 1024);
+	strbuf_addstr(buf, "/s");
 }
 
 void display_throughput(struct progress *progress, off_t total)
@@ -183,6 +164,7 @@
 	misecs += (int)(tv.tv_usec - tp->prev_tv.tv_usec) / 977;
 
 	if (misecs > 512) {
+		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 		unsigned int count, rate;
 
 		count = total - tp->prev_total;
@@ -197,7 +179,9 @@
 		tp->last_misecs[tp->idx] = misecs;
 		tp->idx = (tp->idx + 1) % TP_IDX_MAX;
 
-		throughput_string(tp, total, rate);
+		throughput_string(&buf, total, rate);
+		strncpy(tp->display, buf.buf, sizeof(tp->display));
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
 		if (progress->last_value != -1 && progress_update)
 			display(progress, progress->last_value, NULL);
 	}
@@ -253,9 +237,12 @@
 
 		bufp = (len < sizeof(buf)) ? buf : xmalloc(len + 1);
 		if (tp) {
+			struct strbuf strbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 			unsigned int rate = !tp->avg_misecs ? 0 :
 					tp->avg_bytes / tp->avg_misecs;
-			throughput_string(tp, tp->curr_total, rate);
+			throughput_string(&strbuf, tp->curr_total, rate);
+			strncpy(tp->display, strbuf.buf, sizeof(tp->display));
+			strbuf_release(&strbuf);
 		}
 		progress_update = 1;
 		sprintf(bufp, ", %s.\n", msg);
diff --git a/reachable.c b/reachable.c
index bf79706..e7e6a1e 100644
--- a/reachable.c
+++ b/reachable.c
@@ -152,11 +152,9 @@
 
 static int add_one_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
-	struct object *object = parse_object(sha1);
+	struct object *object = parse_object_or_die(sha1, path);
 	struct rev_info *revs = (struct rev_info *)cb_data;
 
-	if (!object)
-		die("bad object ref: %s:%s", path, sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 	add_pending_object(revs, object, "");
 
 	return 0;
diff --git a/read-cache.c b/read-cache.c
index ef355cc..7040e79 100644
--- a/read-cache.c
+++ b/read-cache.c
@@ -17,6 +17,10 @@
 
 static struct cache_entry *refresh_cache_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, int really);
 
+/* Mask for the name length in ce_flags in the on-disk index */
+
+#define CE_NAMEMASK  (0x0fff)
+
 /* Index extensions.
  *
  * The first letter should be 'A'..'Z' for extensions that are not
@@ -42,7 +46,7 @@
 {
 	struct cache_entry *old = istate->cache[nr];
 
-	remove_name_hash(old);
+	remove_name_hash(istate, old);
 	set_index_entry(istate, nr, ce);
 	istate->cache_changed = 1;
 }
@@ -54,8 +58,8 @@
 
 	new = xmalloc(cache_entry_size(namelen));
 	copy_cache_entry(new, old);
-	new->ce_flags &= ~(CE_STATE_MASK | CE_NAMEMASK);
-	new->ce_flags |= (namelen >= CE_NAMEMASK ? CE_NAMEMASK : namelen);
+	new->ce_flags &= ~CE_STATE_MASK;
+	new->ce_namelen = namelen;
 	memcpy(new->name, new_name, namelen + 1);
 
 	cache_tree_invalidate_path(istate->cache_tree, old->name);
@@ -193,21 +197,25 @@
 	}
 	if (ce->ce_mtime.sec != (unsigned int)st->st_mtime)
 		changed |= MTIME_CHANGED;
-	if (trust_ctime && ce->ce_ctime.sec != (unsigned int)st->st_ctime)
+	if (trust_ctime && check_stat &&
+	    ce->ce_ctime.sec != (unsigned int)st->st_ctime)
 		changed |= CTIME_CHANGED;
 
 #ifdef USE_NSEC
-	if (ce->ce_mtime.nsec != ST_MTIME_NSEC(*st))
+	if (check_stat && ce->ce_mtime.nsec != ST_MTIME_NSEC(*st))
 		changed |= MTIME_CHANGED;
-	if (trust_ctime && ce->ce_ctime.nsec != ST_CTIME_NSEC(*st))
+	if (trust_ctime && check_stat &&
+	    ce->ce_ctime.nsec != ST_CTIME_NSEC(*st))
 		changed |= CTIME_CHANGED;
 #endif
 
-	if (ce->ce_uid != (unsigned int) st->st_uid ||
-	    ce->ce_gid != (unsigned int) st->st_gid)
-		changed |= OWNER_CHANGED;
-	if (ce->ce_ino != (unsigned int) st->st_ino)
-		changed |= INODE_CHANGED;
+	if (check_stat) {
+		if (ce->ce_uid != (unsigned int) st->st_uid ||
+			ce->ce_gid != (unsigned int) st->st_gid)
+			changed |= OWNER_CHANGED;
+		if (ce->ce_ino != (unsigned int) st->st_ino)
+			changed |= INODE_CHANGED;
+	}
 
 #ifdef USE_STDEV
 	/*
@@ -215,8 +223,8 @@
 	 * clients will have different views of what "device"
 	 * the filesystem is on
 	 */
-	if (ce->ce_dev != (unsigned int) st->st_dev)
-		changed |= INODE_CHANGED;
+	if (check_stat && ce->ce_dev != (unsigned int) st->st_dev)
+			changed |= INODE_CHANGED;
 #endif
 
 	if (ce->ce_size != (unsigned int) st->st_size)
@@ -395,10 +403,8 @@
 	return c1 - c2;
 }
 
-int cache_name_compare(const char *name1, int flags1, const char *name2, int flags2)
+int cache_name_stage_compare(const char *name1, int len1, int stage1, const char *name2, int len2, int stage2)
 {
-	int len1 = flags1 & CE_NAMEMASK;
-	int len2 = flags2 & CE_NAMEMASK;
 	int len = len1 < len2 ? len1 : len2;
 	int cmp;
 
@@ -410,18 +416,19 @@
 	if (len1 > len2)
 		return 1;
 
-	/* Compare stages  */
-	flags1 &= CE_STAGEMASK;
-	flags2 &= CE_STAGEMASK;
-
-	if (flags1 < flags2)
+	if (stage1 < stage2)
 		return -1;
-	if (flags1 > flags2)
+	if (stage1 > stage2)
 		return 1;
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int index_name_pos(const struct index_state *istate, const char *name, int namelen)
+int cache_name_compare(const char *name1, int len1, const char *name2, int len2)
+{
+	return cache_name_stage_compare(name1, len1, 0, name2, len2, 0);
+}
+
+static int index_name_stage_pos(const struct index_state *istate, const char *name, int namelen, int stage)
 {
 	int first, last;
 
@@ -430,7 +437,7 @@
 	while (last > first) {
 		int next = (last + first) >> 1;
 		struct cache_entry *ce = istate->cache[next];
-		int cmp = cache_name_compare(name, namelen, ce->name, ce->ce_flags);
+		int cmp = cache_name_stage_compare(name, namelen, stage, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), ce_stage(ce));
 		if (!cmp)
 			return next;
 		if (cmp < 0) {
@@ -442,13 +449,18 @@
 	return -first-1;
 }
 
+int index_name_pos(const struct index_state *istate, const char *name, int namelen)
+{
+	return index_name_stage_pos(istate, name, namelen, 0);
+}
+
 /* Remove entry, return true if there are more entries to go.. */
 int remove_index_entry_at(struct index_state *istate, int pos)
 {
 	struct cache_entry *ce = istate->cache[pos];
 
 	record_resolve_undo(istate, ce);
-	remove_name_hash(ce);
+	remove_name_hash(istate, ce);
 	istate->cache_changed = 1;
 	istate->cache_nr--;
 	if (pos >= istate->cache_nr)
@@ -471,7 +483,7 @@
 
 	for (i = j = 0; i < istate->cache_nr; i++) {
 		if (ce_array[i]->ce_flags & CE_REMOVE)
-			remove_name_hash(ce_array[i]);
+			remove_name_hash(istate, ce_array[i]);
 		else
 			ce_array[j++] = ce_array[i];
 	}
@@ -581,7 +593,7 @@
 	size = cache_entry_size(namelen);
 	ce = xcalloc(1, size);
 	memcpy(ce->name, path, namelen);
-	ce->ce_flags = namelen;
+	ce->ce_namelen = namelen;
 	if (!intent_only)
 		fill_stat_cache_info(ce, st);
 	else
@@ -614,7 +626,7 @@
 			if (*ptr == '/') {
 				struct cache_entry *foundce;
 				++ptr;
-				foundce = index_name_exists(&the_index, ce->name, ptr - ce->name, ignore_case);
+				foundce = index_name_exists(istate, ce->name, ptr - ce->name, ignore_case);
 				if (foundce) {
 					memcpy((void *)startPtr, foundce->name + (startPtr - ce->name), ptr - startPtr);
 					startPtr = ptr;
@@ -683,7 +695,8 @@
 
 	hashcpy(ce->sha1, sha1);
 	memcpy(ce->name, path, len);
-	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(len, stage);
+	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(stage);
+	ce->ce_namelen = len;
 	ce->ce_mode = create_ce_mode(mode);
 
 	if (refresh)
@@ -820,7 +833,7 @@
 		}
 		len = slash - name;
 
-		pos = index_name_pos(istate, name, create_ce_flags(len, stage));
+		pos = index_name_stage_pos(istate, name, len, stage);
 		if (pos >= 0) {
 			/*
 			 * Found one, but not so fast.  This could
@@ -910,7 +923,7 @@
 	int new_only = option & ADD_CACHE_NEW_ONLY;
 
 	cache_tree_invalidate_path(istate->cache_tree, ce->name);
-	pos = index_name_pos(istate, ce->name, ce->ce_flags);
+	pos = index_name_stage_pos(istate, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), ce_stage(ce));
 
 	/* existing match? Just replace it. */
 	if (pos >= 0) {
@@ -942,7 +955,7 @@
 		if (!ok_to_replace)
 			return error("'%s' appears as both a file and as a directory",
 				     ce->name);
-		pos = index_name_pos(istate, ce->name, ce->ce_flags);
+		pos = index_name_stage_pos(istate, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), ce_stage(ce));
 		pos = -pos-1;
 	}
 	return pos + 1;
@@ -966,7 +979,7 @@
 	if (istate->cache_nr == istate->cache_alloc) {
 		istate->cache_alloc = alloc_nr(istate->cache_alloc);
 		istate->cache = xrealloc(istate->cache,
-					istate->cache_alloc * sizeof(struct cache_entry *));
+					istate->cache_alloc * sizeof(*istate->cache));
 	}
 
 	/* Add it in.. */
@@ -1119,7 +1132,7 @@
 			continue;
 
 		if (pathspec &&
-		    !match_pathspec(pathspec, ce->name, strlen(ce->name), 0, seen))
+		    !match_pathspec(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, seen))
 			filtered = 1;
 
 		if (ce_stage(ce)) {
@@ -1247,7 +1260,7 @@
 	if (hdr->hdr_signature != htonl(CACHE_SIGNATURE))
 		return error("bad signature");
 	hdr_version = ntohl(hdr->hdr_version);
-	if (hdr_version < 2 || 4 < hdr_version)
+	if (hdr_version < INDEX_FORMAT_LB || INDEX_FORMAT_UB < hdr_version)
 		return error("bad index version %d", hdr_version);
 	git_SHA1_Init(&c);
 	git_SHA1_Update(&c, hdr, size - 20);
@@ -1319,7 +1332,8 @@
 	ce->ce_uid   = ntoh_l(ondisk->uid);
 	ce->ce_gid   = ntoh_l(ondisk->gid);
 	ce->ce_size  = ntoh_l(ondisk->size);
-	ce->ce_flags = flags;
+	ce->ce_flags = flags & ~CE_NAMEMASK;
+	ce->ce_namelen = len;
 	hashcpy(ce->sha1, ondisk->sha1);
 	memcpy(ce->name, name, len);
 	ce->name[len] = '\0';
@@ -1404,11 +1418,9 @@
 	size_t mmap_size;
 	struct strbuf previous_name_buf = STRBUF_INIT, *previous_name;
 
-	errno = EBUSY;
 	if (istate->initialized)
 		return istate->cache_nr;
 
-	errno = ENOENT;
 	istate->timestamp.sec = 0;
 	istate->timestamp.nsec = 0;
 	fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
@@ -1421,15 +1433,14 @@
 	if (fstat(fd, &st))
 		die_errno("cannot stat the open index");
 
-	errno = EINVAL;
 	mmap_size = xsize_t(st.st_size);
 	if (mmap_size < sizeof(struct cache_header) + 20)
 		die("index file smaller than expected");
 
 	mmap = xmmap(NULL, mmap_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
-	close(fd);
 	if (mmap == MAP_FAILED)
 		die_errno("unable to map index file");
+	close(fd);
 
 	hdr = mmap;
 	if (verify_hdr(hdr, mmap_size) < 0)
@@ -1438,7 +1449,7 @@
 	istate->version = ntohl(hdr->hdr_version);
 	istate->cache_nr = ntohl(hdr->hdr_entries);
 	istate->cache_alloc = alloc_nr(istate->cache_nr);
-	istate->cache = xcalloc(istate->cache_alloc, sizeof(struct cache_entry *));
+	istate->cache = xcalloc(istate->cache_alloc, sizeof(*istate->cache));
 	istate->initialized = 1;
 
 	if (istate->version == 4)
@@ -1485,7 +1496,6 @@
 
 unmap:
 	munmap(mmap, mmap_size);
-	errno = EINVAL;
 	die("index file corrupt");
 }
 
@@ -1505,8 +1515,7 @@
 	istate->cache_changed = 0;
 	istate->timestamp.sec = 0;
 	istate->timestamp.nsec = 0;
-	istate->name_hash_initialized = 0;
-	free_hash(&istate->name_hash);
+	free_name_hash(istate);
 	cache_tree_free(&(istate->cache_tree));
 	istate->initialized = 0;
 
@@ -1646,6 +1655,8 @@
 static char *copy_cache_entry_to_ondisk(struct ondisk_cache_entry *ondisk,
 				       struct cache_entry *ce)
 {
+	short flags;
+
 	ondisk->ctime.sec = htonl(ce->ce_ctime.sec);
 	ondisk->mtime.sec = htonl(ce->ce_mtime.sec);
 	ondisk->ctime.nsec = htonl(ce->ce_ctime.nsec);
@@ -1657,7 +1668,10 @@
 	ondisk->gid  = htonl(ce->ce_gid);
 	ondisk->size = htonl(ce->ce_size);
 	hashcpy(ondisk->sha1, ce->sha1);
-	ondisk->flags = htons(ce->ce_flags);
+
+	flags = ce->ce_flags;
+	flags |= (ce_namelen(ce) >= CE_NAMEMASK ? CE_NAMEMASK : ce_namelen(ce));
+	ondisk->flags = htons(flags);
 	if (ce->ce_flags & CE_EXTENDED) {
 		struct ondisk_cache_entry_extended *ondisk2;
 		ondisk2 = (struct ondisk_cache_entry_extended *)ondisk;
@@ -1785,6 +1799,8 @@
 			continue;
 		if (!ce_uptodate(ce) && is_racy_timestamp(istate, ce))
 			ce_smudge_racily_clean_entry(ce);
+		if (is_null_sha1(ce->sha1))
+			return error("cache entry has null sha1: %s", ce->name);
 		if (ce_write_entry(&c, newfd, ce, previous_name) < 0)
 			return -1;
 	}
@@ -1841,11 +1857,12 @@
 		if (!ce_stage(ce))
 			continue;
 		unmerged = 1;
-		len = strlen(ce->name);
+		len = ce_namelen(ce);
 		size = cache_entry_size(len);
 		new_ce = xcalloc(1, size);
 		memcpy(new_ce->name, ce->name, len);
-		new_ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(len, 0) | CE_CONFLICTED;
+		new_ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(0) | CE_CONFLICTED;
+		new_ce->ce_namelen = len;
 		new_ce->ce_mode = ce->ce_mode;
 		if (add_index_entry(istate, new_ce, 0))
 			return error("%s: cannot drop to stage #0",
@@ -1882,3 +1899,37 @@
 	}
 	return 1;
 }
+
+void *read_blob_data_from_index(struct index_state *istate, const char *path, unsigned long *size)
+{
+	int pos, len;
+	unsigned long sz;
+	enum object_type type;
+	void *data;
+
+	len = strlen(path);
+	pos = index_name_pos(istate, path, len);
+	if (pos < 0) {
+		/*
+		 * We might be in the middle of a merge, in which
+		 * case we would read stage #2 (ours).
+		 */
+		int i;
+		for (i = -pos - 1;
+		     (pos < 0 && i < istate->cache_nr &&
+		      !strcmp(istate->cache[i]->name, path));
+		     i++)
+			if (ce_stage(istate->cache[i]) == 2)
+				pos = i;
+	}
+	if (pos < 0)
+		return NULL;
+	data = read_sha1_file(istate->cache[pos]->sha1, &type, &sz);
+	if (!data || type != OBJ_BLOB) {
+		free(data);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	if (size)
+		*size = sz;
+	return data;
+}
diff --git a/refs.c b/refs.c
index da74a2b..de2d8eb 100644
--- a/refs.c
+++ b/refs.c
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "object.h"
 #include "tag.h"
 #include "dir.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
 
 /*
  * Make sure "ref" is something reasonable to have under ".git/refs/";
@@ -333,14 +334,12 @@
 
 static int ref_entry_cmp_sslice(const void *key_, const void *ent_)
 {
-	struct string_slice *key = (struct string_slice *)key_;
-	struct ref_entry *ent = *(struct ref_entry **)ent_;
-	int entlen = strlen(ent->name);
-	int cmplen = key->len < entlen ? key->len : entlen;
-	int cmp = memcmp(key->str, ent->name, cmplen);
+	const struct string_slice *key = key_;
+	const struct ref_entry *ent = *(const struct ref_entry * const *)ent_;
+	int cmp = strncmp(key->str, ent->name, key->len);
 	if (cmp)
 		return cmp;
-	return key->len - entlen;
+	return '\0' - (unsigned char)ent->name[key->len];
 }
 
 /*
@@ -804,11 +803,38 @@
 	return line;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Read f, which is a packed-refs file, into dir.
+ *
+ * A comment line of the form "# pack-refs with: " may contain zero or
+ * more traits. We interpret the traits as follows:
+ *
+ *   No traits:
+ *
+ *      Probably no references are peeled. But if the file contains a
+ *      peeled value for a reference, we will use it.
+ *
+ *   peeled:
+ *
+ *      References under "refs/tags/", if they *can* be peeled, *are*
+ *      peeled in this file. References outside of "refs/tags/" are
+ *      probably not peeled even if they could have been, but if we find
+ *      a peeled value for such a reference we will use it.
+ *
+ *   fully-peeled:
+ *
+ *      All references in the file that can be peeled are peeled.
+ *      Inversely (and this is more important), any references in the
+ *      file for which no peeled value is recorded is not peelable. This
+ *      trait should typically be written alongside "peeled" for
+ *      compatibility with older clients, but we do not require it
+ *      (i.e., "peeled" is a no-op if "fully-peeled" is set).
+ */
 static void read_packed_refs(FILE *f, struct ref_dir *dir)
 {
 	struct ref_entry *last = NULL;
 	char refline[PATH_MAX];
-	int flag = REF_ISPACKED;
+	enum { PEELED_NONE, PEELED_TAGS, PEELED_FULLY } peeled = PEELED_NONE;
 
 	while (fgets(refline, sizeof(refline), f)) {
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
@@ -817,15 +843,20 @@
 
 		if (!strncmp(refline, header, sizeof(header)-1)) {
 			const char *traits = refline + sizeof(header) - 1;
-			if (strstr(traits, " peeled "))
-				flag |= REF_KNOWS_PEELED;
+			if (strstr(traits, " fully-peeled "))
+				peeled = PEELED_FULLY;
+			else if (strstr(traits, " peeled "))
+				peeled = PEELED_TAGS;
 			/* perhaps other traits later as well */
 			continue;
 		}
 
 		refname = parse_ref_line(refline, sha1);
 		if (refname) {
-			last = create_ref_entry(refname, sha1, flag, 1);
+			last = create_ref_entry(refname, sha1, REF_ISPACKED, 1);
+			if (peeled == PEELED_FULLY ||
+			    (peeled == PEELED_TAGS && !prefixcmp(refname, "refs/tags/")))
+				last->flag |= REF_KNOWS_PEELED;
 			add_ref(dir, last);
 			continue;
 		}
@@ -833,8 +864,15 @@
 		    refline[0] == '^' &&
 		    strlen(refline) == 42 &&
 		    refline[41] == '\n' &&
-		    !get_sha1_hex(refline + 1, sha1))
+		    !get_sha1_hex(refline + 1, sha1)) {
 			hashcpy(last->u.value.peeled, sha1);
+			/*
+			 * Regardless of what the file header said,
+			 * we definitely know the value of *this*
+			 * reference:
+			 */
+			last->flag |= REF_KNOWS_PEELED;
+		}
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1202,6 +1240,8 @@
 	if (current_ref && (current_ref->name == refname
 		|| !strcmp(current_ref->name, refname))) {
 		if (current_ref->flag & REF_KNOWS_PEELED) {
+			if (is_null_sha1(current_ref->u.value.peeled))
+			    return -1;
 			hashcpy(sha1, current_ref->u.value.peeled);
 			return 0;
 		}
@@ -1223,9 +1263,16 @@
 	}
 
 fallback:
-	o = parse_object(base);
-	if (o && o->type == OBJ_TAG) {
-		o = deref_tag(o, refname, 0);
+	o = lookup_unknown_object(base);
+	if (o->type == OBJ_NONE) {
+		int type = sha1_object_info(base, NULL);
+		if (type < 0)
+			return -1;
+		o->type = type;
+	}
+
+	if (o->type == OBJ_TAG) {
+		o = deref_tag_noverify(o);
 		if (o) {
 			hashcpy(sha1, o->sha1);
 			return 0;
@@ -1735,7 +1782,8 @@
 static int repack_without_ref(const char *refname)
 {
 	struct repack_without_ref_sb data;
-	struct ref_dir *packed = get_packed_refs(get_ref_cache(NULL));
+	struct ref_cache *refs = get_ref_cache(NULL);
+	struct ref_dir *packed = get_packed_refs(refs);
 	if (find_ref(packed, refname) == NULL)
 		return 0;
 	data.refname = refname;
@@ -1744,6 +1792,8 @@
 		unable_to_lock_error(git_path("packed-refs"), errno);
 		return error("cannot delete '%s' from packed refs", refname);
 	}
+	clear_packed_ref_cache(refs);
+	packed = get_packed_refs(refs);
 	do_for_each_ref_in_dir(packed, 0, "", repack_without_ref_fn, 0, 0, &data);
 	return commit_lock_file(&packlock);
 }
@@ -1753,32 +1803,24 @@
 	struct ref_lock *lock;
 	int err, i = 0, ret = 0, flag = 0;
 
-	lock = lock_ref_sha1_basic(refname, sha1, 0, &flag);
+	lock = lock_ref_sha1_basic(refname, sha1, delopt, &flag);
 	if (!lock)
 		return 1;
 	if (!(flag & REF_ISPACKED) || flag & REF_ISSYMREF) {
 		/* loose */
-		const char *path;
-
-		if (!(delopt & REF_NODEREF)) {
-			i = strlen(lock->lk->filename) - 5; /* .lock */
-			lock->lk->filename[i] = 0;
-			path = lock->lk->filename;
-		} else {
-			path = git_path("%s", refname);
-		}
-		err = unlink_or_warn(path);
+		i = strlen(lock->lk->filename) - 5; /* .lock */
+		lock->lk->filename[i] = 0;
+		err = unlink_or_warn(lock->lk->filename);
 		if (err && errno != ENOENT)
 			ret = 1;
 
-		if (!(delopt & REF_NODEREF))
-			lock->lk->filename[i] = '.';
+		lock->lk->filename[i] = '.';
 	}
 	/* removing the loose one could have resurrected an earlier
 	 * packed one.  Also, if it was not loose we need to repack
 	 * without it.
 	 */
-	ret |= repack_without_ref(refname);
+	ret |= repack_without_ref(lock->ref_name);
 
 	unlink_or_warn(git_path("logs/%s", lock->ref_name));
 	invalidate_ref_cache(NULL);
@@ -2290,59 +2332,117 @@
 	return 1;
 }
 
-int for_each_recent_reflog_ent(const char *refname, each_reflog_ent_fn fn, long ofs, void *cb_data)
+static int show_one_reflog_ent(struct strbuf *sb, each_reflog_ent_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
-	const char *logfile;
-	FILE *logfp;
-	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
-	int ret = 0;
+	unsigned char osha1[20], nsha1[20];
+	char *email_end, *message;
+	unsigned long timestamp;
+	int tz;
 
-	logfile = git_path("logs/%s", refname);
-	logfp = fopen(logfile, "r");
+	/* old SP new SP name <email> SP time TAB msg LF */
+	if (sb->len < 83 || sb->buf[sb->len - 1] != '\n' ||
+	    get_sha1_hex(sb->buf, osha1) || sb->buf[40] != ' ' ||
+	    get_sha1_hex(sb->buf + 41, nsha1) || sb->buf[81] != ' ' ||
+	    !(email_end = strchr(sb->buf + 82, '>')) ||
+	    email_end[1] != ' ' ||
+	    !(timestamp = strtoul(email_end + 2, &message, 10)) ||
+	    !message || message[0] != ' ' ||
+	    (message[1] != '+' && message[1] != '-') ||
+	    !isdigit(message[2]) || !isdigit(message[3]) ||
+	    !isdigit(message[4]) || !isdigit(message[5]))
+		return 0; /* corrupt? */
+	email_end[1] = '\0';
+	tz = strtol(message + 1, NULL, 10);
+	if (message[6] != '\t')
+		message += 6;
+	else
+		message += 7;
+	return fn(osha1, nsha1, sb->buf + 82, timestamp, tz, message, cb_data);
+}
+
+static char *find_beginning_of_line(char *bob, char *scan)
+{
+	while (bob < scan && *(--scan) != '\n')
+		; /* keep scanning backwards */
+	/*
+	 * Return either beginning of the buffer, or LF at the end of
+	 * the previous line.
+	 */
+	return scan;
+}
+
+int for_each_reflog_ent_reverse(const char *refname, each_reflog_ent_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	FILE *logfp;
+	long pos;
+	int ret = 0, at_tail = 1;
+
+	logfp = fopen(git_path("logs/%s", refname), "r");
 	if (!logfp)
 		return -1;
 
-	if (ofs) {
-		struct stat statbuf;
-		if (fstat(fileno(logfp), &statbuf) ||
-		    statbuf.st_size < ofs ||
-		    fseek(logfp, -ofs, SEEK_END) ||
-		    strbuf_getwholeline(&sb, logfp, '\n')) {
-			fclose(logfp);
-			strbuf_release(&sb);
-			return -1;
+	/* Jump to the end */
+	if (fseek(logfp, 0, SEEK_END) < 0)
+		return error("cannot seek back reflog for %s: %s",
+			     refname, strerror(errno));
+	pos = ftell(logfp);
+	while (!ret && 0 < pos) {
+		int cnt;
+		size_t nread;
+		char buf[BUFSIZ];
+		char *endp, *scanp;
+
+		/* Fill next block from the end */
+		cnt = (sizeof(buf) < pos) ? sizeof(buf) : pos;
+		if (fseek(logfp, pos - cnt, SEEK_SET))
+			return error("cannot seek back reflog for %s: %s",
+				     refname, strerror(errno));
+		nread = fread(buf, cnt, 1, logfp);
+		if (nread != 1)
+			return error("cannot read %d bytes from reflog for %s: %s",
+				     cnt, refname, strerror(errno));
+		pos -= cnt;
+
+		scanp = endp = buf + cnt;
+		if (at_tail && scanp[-1] == '\n')
+			/* Looking at the final LF at the end of the file */
+			scanp--;
+		at_tail = 0;
+
+		while (buf < scanp) {
+			/*
+			 * terminating LF of the previous line, or the beginning
+			 * of the buffer.
+			 */
+			char *bp;
+
+			bp = find_beginning_of_line(buf, scanp);
+
+			if (*bp != '\n') {
+				strbuf_splice(&sb, 0, 0, buf, endp - buf);
+				if (pos)
+					break; /* need to fill another block */
+				scanp = buf - 1; /* leave loop */
+			} else {
+				/*
+				 * (bp + 1) thru endp is the beginning of the
+				 * current line we have in sb
+				 */
+				strbuf_splice(&sb, 0, 0, bp + 1, endp - (bp + 1));
+				scanp = bp;
+				endp = bp + 1;
+			}
+			ret = show_one_reflog_ent(&sb, fn, cb_data);
+			strbuf_reset(&sb);
+			if (ret)
+				break;
 		}
-	}
 
-	while (!strbuf_getwholeline(&sb, logfp, '\n')) {
-		unsigned char osha1[20], nsha1[20];
-		char *email_end, *message;
-		unsigned long timestamp;
-		int tz;
-
-		/* old SP new SP name <email> SP time TAB msg LF */
-		if (sb.len < 83 || sb.buf[sb.len - 1] != '\n' ||
-		    get_sha1_hex(sb.buf, osha1) || sb.buf[40] != ' ' ||
-		    get_sha1_hex(sb.buf + 41, nsha1) || sb.buf[81] != ' ' ||
-		    !(email_end = strchr(sb.buf + 82, '>')) ||
-		    email_end[1] != ' ' ||
-		    !(timestamp = strtoul(email_end + 2, &message, 10)) ||
-		    !message || message[0] != ' ' ||
-		    (message[1] != '+' && message[1] != '-') ||
-		    !isdigit(message[2]) || !isdigit(message[3]) ||
-		    !isdigit(message[4]) || !isdigit(message[5]))
-			continue; /* corrupt? */
-		email_end[1] = '\0';
-		tz = strtol(message + 1, NULL, 10);
-		if (message[6] != '\t')
-			message += 6;
-		else
-			message += 7;
-		ret = fn(osha1, nsha1, sb.buf + 82, timestamp, tz, message,
-			 cb_data);
-		if (ret)
-			break;
 	}
+	if (!ret && sb.len)
+		ret = show_one_reflog_ent(&sb, fn, cb_data);
+
 	fclose(logfp);
 	strbuf_release(&sb);
 	return ret;
@@ -2350,9 +2450,20 @@
 
 int for_each_reflog_ent(const char *refname, each_reflog_ent_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
-	return for_each_recent_reflog_ent(refname, fn, 0, cb_data);
-}
+	FILE *logfp;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int ret = 0;
 
+	logfp = fopen(git_path("logs/%s", refname), "r");
+	if (!logfp)
+		return -1;
+
+	while (!ret && !strbuf_getwholeline(&sb, logfp, '\n'))
+		ret = show_one_reflog_ent(&sb, fn, cb_data);
+	fclose(logfp);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	return ret;
+}
 /*
  * Call fn for each reflog in the namespace indicated by name.  name
  * must be empty or end with '/'.  Name will be used as a scratch
@@ -2552,3 +2663,46 @@
 	free(short_name);
 	return xstrdup(refname);
 }
+
+static struct string_list *hide_refs;
+
+int parse_hide_refs_config(const char *var, const char *value, const char *section)
+{
+	if (!strcmp("transfer.hiderefs", var) ||
+	    /* NEEDSWORK: use parse_config_key() once both are merged */
+	    (!prefixcmp(var, section) && var[strlen(section)] == '.' &&
+	     !strcmp(var + strlen(section), ".hiderefs"))) {
+		char *ref;
+		int len;
+
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+		ref = xstrdup(value);
+		len = strlen(ref);
+		while (len && ref[len - 1] == '/')
+			ref[--len] = '\0';
+		if (!hide_refs) {
+			hide_refs = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*hide_refs));
+			hide_refs->strdup_strings = 1;
+		}
+		string_list_append(hide_refs, ref);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int ref_is_hidden(const char *refname)
+{
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+
+	if (!hide_refs)
+		return 0;
+	for_each_string_list_item(item, hide_refs) {
+		int len;
+		if (prefixcmp(refname, item->string))
+			continue;
+		len = strlen(item->string);
+		if (!refname[len] || refname[len] == '/')
+			return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/refs.h b/refs.h
index d6c2fe2..a35eafc 100644
--- a/refs.h
+++ b/refs.h
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@
 /* iterate over reflog entries */
 typedef int each_reflog_ent_fn(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1, const char *, unsigned long, int, const char *, void *);
 int for_each_reflog_ent(const char *refname, each_reflog_ent_fn fn, void *cb_data);
-int for_each_recent_reflog_ent(const char *refname, each_reflog_ent_fn fn, long, void *cb_data);
+int for_each_reflog_ent_reverse(const char *refname, each_reflog_ent_fn fn, void *cb_data);
 
 /*
  * Calls the specified function for each reflog file until it returns nonzero,
@@ -147,4 +147,7 @@
 		const unsigned char *sha1, const unsigned char *oldval,
 		int flags, enum action_on_err onerr);
 
+extern int parse_hide_refs_config(const char *var, const char *value, const char *);
+extern int ref_is_hidden(const char *);
+
 #endif /* REFS_H */
diff --git a/remote-curl.c b/remote-curl.c
index 04a9d62..60eda63 100644
--- a/remote-curl.c
+++ b/remote-curl.c
@@ -76,135 +76,16 @@
 	char *buf_alloc;
 	char *buf;
 	size_t len;
+	struct ref *refs;
 	unsigned proto_git : 1;
 };
 static struct discovery *last_discovery;
 
-static void free_discovery(struct discovery *d)
-{
-	if (d) {
-		if (d == last_discovery)
-			last_discovery = NULL;
-		free(d->buf_alloc);
-		free(d);
-	}
-}
-
-static struct discovery* discover_refs(const char *service)
-{
-	struct strbuf buffer = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct discovery *last = last_discovery;
-	char *refs_url;
-	int http_ret, is_http = 0, proto_git_candidate = 1;
-
-	if (last && !strcmp(service, last->service))
-		return last;
-	free_discovery(last);
-
-	strbuf_addf(&buffer, "%sinfo/refs", url);
-	if (!prefixcmp(url, "http://") || !prefixcmp(url, "https://")) {
-		is_http = 1;
-		if (!strchr(url, '?'))
-			strbuf_addch(&buffer, '?');
-		else
-			strbuf_addch(&buffer, '&');
-		strbuf_addf(&buffer, "service=%s", service);
-	}
-	refs_url = strbuf_detach(&buffer, NULL);
-
-	http_ret = http_get_strbuf(refs_url, &buffer, HTTP_NO_CACHE);
-
-	/* try again with "plain" url (no ? or & appended) */
-	if (http_ret != HTTP_OK && http_ret != HTTP_NOAUTH) {
-		free(refs_url);
-		strbuf_reset(&buffer);
-
-		proto_git_candidate = 0;
-		strbuf_addf(&buffer, "%sinfo/refs", url);
-		refs_url = strbuf_detach(&buffer, NULL);
-
-		http_ret = http_get_strbuf(refs_url, &buffer, HTTP_NO_CACHE);
-	}
-
-	switch (http_ret) {
-	case HTTP_OK:
-		break;
-	case HTTP_MISSING_TARGET:
-		die("%s not found: did you run git update-server-info on the"
-		    " server?", refs_url);
-	case HTTP_NOAUTH:
-		die("Authentication failed");
-	default:
-		http_error(refs_url, http_ret);
-		die("HTTP request failed");
-	}
-
-	last= xcalloc(1, sizeof(*last_discovery));
-	last->service = service;
-	last->buf_alloc = strbuf_detach(&buffer, &last->len);
-	last->buf = last->buf_alloc;
-
-	if (is_http && proto_git_candidate
-		&& 5 <= last->len && last->buf[4] == '#') {
-		/* smart HTTP response; validate that the service
-		 * pkt-line matches our request.
-		 */
-		struct strbuf exp = STRBUF_INIT;
-
-		if (packet_get_line(&buffer, &last->buf, &last->len) <= 0)
-			die("%s has invalid packet header", refs_url);
-		if (buffer.len && buffer.buf[buffer.len - 1] == '\n')
-			strbuf_setlen(&buffer, buffer.len - 1);
-
-		strbuf_addf(&exp, "# service=%s", service);
-		if (strbuf_cmp(&exp, &buffer))
-			die("invalid server response; got '%s'", buffer.buf);
-		strbuf_release(&exp);
-
-		/* The header can include additional metadata lines, up
-		 * until a packet flush marker.  Ignore these now, but
-		 * in the future we might start to scan them.
-		 */
-		strbuf_reset(&buffer);
-		while (packet_get_line(&buffer, &last->buf, &last->len) > 0)
-			strbuf_reset(&buffer);
-
-		last->proto_git = 1;
-	}
-
-	free(refs_url);
-	strbuf_release(&buffer);
-	last_discovery = last;
-	return last;
-}
-
-static int write_discovery(int in, int out, void *data)
-{
-	struct discovery *heads = data;
-	int err = 0;
-	if (write_in_full(out, heads->buf, heads->len) != heads->len)
-		err = 1;
-	close(out);
-	return err;
-}
-
 static struct ref *parse_git_refs(struct discovery *heads, int for_push)
 {
 	struct ref *list = NULL;
-	struct async async;
-
-	memset(&async, 0, sizeof(async));
-	async.proc = write_discovery;
-	async.data = heads;
-	async.out = -1;
-
-	if (start_async(&async))
-		die("cannot start thread to parse advertised refs");
-	get_remote_heads(async.out, &list,
-			for_push ? REF_NORMAL : 0, NULL);
-	close(async.out);
-	if (finish_async(&async))
-		die("ref parsing thread failed");
+	get_remote_heads(-1, heads->buf, heads->len, &list,
+			 for_push ? REF_NORMAL : 0, NULL);
 	return list;
 }
 
@@ -259,18 +140,141 @@
 	return refs;
 }
 
+static void free_discovery(struct discovery *d)
+{
+	if (d) {
+		if (d == last_discovery)
+			last_discovery = NULL;
+		free(d->buf_alloc);
+		free_refs(d->refs);
+		free(d);
+	}
+}
+
+static int show_http_message(struct strbuf *type, struct strbuf *msg)
+{
+	const char *p, *eol;
+
+	/*
+	 * We only show text/plain parts, as other types are likely
+	 * to be ugly to look at on the user's terminal.
+	 *
+	 * TODO should handle "; charset=XXX", and re-encode into
+	 * logoutputencoding
+	 */
+	if (strcasecmp(type->buf, "text/plain"))
+		return -1;
+
+	strbuf_trim(msg);
+	if (!msg->len)
+		return -1;
+
+	p = msg->buf;
+	do {
+		eol = strchrnul(p, '\n');
+		fprintf(stderr, "remote: %.*s\n", (int)(eol - p), p);
+		p = eol + 1;
+	} while(*eol);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct discovery* discover_refs(const char *service, int for_push)
+{
+	struct strbuf exp = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf type = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf buffer = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct discovery *last = last_discovery;
+	char *refs_url;
+	int http_ret, maybe_smart = 0;
+
+	if (last && !strcmp(service, last->service))
+		return last;
+	free_discovery(last);
+
+	strbuf_addf(&buffer, "%sinfo/refs", url);
+	if ((!prefixcmp(url, "http://") || !prefixcmp(url, "https://")) &&
+	     git_env_bool("GIT_SMART_HTTP", 1)) {
+		maybe_smart = 1;
+		if (!strchr(url, '?'))
+			strbuf_addch(&buffer, '?');
+		else
+			strbuf_addch(&buffer, '&');
+		strbuf_addf(&buffer, "service=%s", service);
+	}
+	refs_url = strbuf_detach(&buffer, NULL);
+
+	http_ret = http_get_strbuf(refs_url, &type, &buffer,
+				   HTTP_NO_CACHE | HTTP_KEEP_ERROR);
+	switch (http_ret) {
+	case HTTP_OK:
+		break;
+	case HTTP_MISSING_TARGET:
+		show_http_message(&type, &buffer);
+		die("repository '%s' not found", url);
+	case HTTP_NOAUTH:
+		show_http_message(&type, &buffer);
+		die("Authentication failed for '%s'", url);
+	default:
+		show_http_message(&type, &buffer);
+		die("unable to access '%s': %s", url, curl_errorstr);
+	}
+
+	last= xcalloc(1, sizeof(*last_discovery));
+	last->service = service;
+	last->buf_alloc = strbuf_detach(&buffer, &last->len);
+	last->buf = last->buf_alloc;
+
+	strbuf_addf(&exp, "application/x-%s-advertisement", service);
+	if (maybe_smart &&
+	    (5 <= last->len && last->buf[4] == '#') &&
+	    !strbuf_cmp(&exp, &type)) {
+		char *line;
+
+		/*
+		 * smart HTTP response; validate that the service
+		 * pkt-line matches our request.
+		 */
+		line = packet_read_line_buf(&last->buf, &last->len, NULL);
+
+		strbuf_reset(&exp);
+		strbuf_addf(&exp, "# service=%s", service);
+		if (strcmp(line, exp.buf))
+			die("invalid server response; got '%s'", line);
+		strbuf_release(&exp);
+
+		/* The header can include additional metadata lines, up
+		 * until a packet flush marker.  Ignore these now, but
+		 * in the future we might start to scan them.
+		 */
+		while (packet_read_line_buf(&last->buf, &last->len, NULL))
+			;
+
+		last->proto_git = 1;
+	}
+
+	if (last->proto_git)
+		last->refs = parse_git_refs(last, for_push);
+	else
+		last->refs = parse_info_refs(last);
+
+	free(refs_url);
+	strbuf_release(&exp);
+	strbuf_release(&type);
+	strbuf_release(&buffer);
+	last_discovery = last;
+	return last;
+}
+
 static struct ref *get_refs(int for_push)
 {
 	struct discovery *heads;
 
 	if (for_push)
-		heads = discover_refs("git-receive-pack");
+		heads = discover_refs("git-receive-pack", for_push);
 	else
-		heads = discover_refs("git-upload-pack");
+		heads = discover_refs("git-upload-pack", for_push);
 
-	if (heads->proto_git)
-		return parse_git_refs(heads, for_push);
-	return parse_info_refs(heads);
+	return heads->refs;
 }
 
 static void output_refs(struct ref *refs)
@@ -284,7 +288,6 @@
 	}
 	printf("\n");
 	fflush(stdout);
-	free_refs(refs);
 }
 
 struct rpc_state {
@@ -314,7 +317,7 @@
 
 	if (!avail) {
 		rpc->initial_buffer = 0;
-		avail = packet_read_line(rpc->out, rpc->buf, rpc->alloc);
+		avail = packet_read(rpc->out, NULL, NULL, rpc->buf, rpc->alloc, 0);
 		if (!avail)
 			return 0;
 		rpc->pos = 0;
@@ -362,16 +365,17 @@
 
 static int run_slot(struct active_request_slot *slot)
 {
-	int err = 0;
+	int err;
 	struct slot_results results;
 
 	slot->results = &results;
 	slot->curl_result = curl_easy_perform(slot->curl);
 	finish_active_slot(slot);
 
-	if (results.curl_result != CURLE_OK) {
-		err |= error("RPC failed; result=%d, HTTP code = %ld",
-			results.curl_result, results.http_code);
+	err = handle_curl_result(&results);
+	if (err != HTTP_OK && err != HTTP_REAUTH) {
+		error("RPC failed; result=%d, HTTP code = %ld",
+		      results.curl_result, results.http_code);
 	}
 
 	return err;
@@ -392,7 +396,7 @@
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_NOBODY, 0);
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_URL, rpc->service_url);
-	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_ENCODING, "");
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_ENCODING, NULL);
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, "0000");
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDSIZE, 4);
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, headers);
@@ -412,6 +416,7 @@
 	struct curl_slist *headers = NULL;
 	int use_gzip = rpc->gzip_request;
 	char *gzip_body = NULL;
+	size_t gzip_size = 0;
 	int err, large_request = 0;
 
 	/* Try to load the entire request, if we can fit it into the
@@ -429,28 +434,31 @@
 			break;
 		}
 
-		n = packet_read_line(rpc->out, buf, left);
+		n = packet_read(rpc->out, NULL, NULL, buf, left, 0);
 		if (!n)
 			break;
 		rpc->len += n;
 	}
 
 	if (large_request) {
-		err = probe_rpc(rpc);
-		if (err)
-			return err;
+		do {
+			err = probe_rpc(rpc);
+		} while (err == HTTP_REAUTH);
+		if (err != HTTP_OK)
+			return -1;
 	}
 
+	headers = curl_slist_append(headers, rpc->hdr_content_type);
+	headers = curl_slist_append(headers, rpc->hdr_accept);
+	headers = curl_slist_append(headers, "Expect:");
+
+retry:
 	slot = get_active_slot();
 
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_NOBODY, 0);
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_URL, rpc->service_url);
-	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_ENCODING, "");
-
-	headers = curl_slist_append(headers, rpc->hdr_content_type);
-	headers = curl_slist_append(headers, rpc->hdr_accept);
-	headers = curl_slist_append(headers, "Expect:");
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_ENCODING, "gzip");
 
 	if (large_request) {
 		/* The request body is large and the size cannot be predicted.
@@ -469,24 +477,32 @@
 			fflush(stderr);
 		}
 
+	} else if (gzip_body) {
+		/*
+		 * If we are looping to retry authentication, then the previous
+		 * run will have set up the headers and gzip buffer already,
+		 * and we just need to send it.
+		 */
+		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, gzip_body);
+		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDSIZE, gzip_size);
+
 	} else if (use_gzip && 1024 < rpc->len) {
 		/* The client backend isn't giving us compressed data so
 		 * we can try to deflate it ourselves, this may save on.
 		 * the transfer time.
 		 */
-		size_t size;
 		git_zstream stream;
 		int ret;
 
 		memset(&stream, 0, sizeof(stream));
 		git_deflate_init_gzip(&stream, Z_BEST_COMPRESSION);
-		size = git_deflate_bound(&stream, rpc->len);
-		gzip_body = xmalloc(size);
+		gzip_size = git_deflate_bound(&stream, rpc->len);
+		gzip_body = xmalloc(gzip_size);
 
 		stream.next_in = (unsigned char *)rpc->buf;
 		stream.avail_in = rpc->len;
 		stream.next_out = (unsigned char *)gzip_body;
-		stream.avail_out = size;
+		stream.avail_out = gzip_size;
 
 		ret = git_deflate(&stream, Z_FINISH);
 		if (ret != Z_STREAM_END)
@@ -496,16 +512,16 @@
 		if (ret != Z_OK)
 			die("cannot deflate request; zlib end error %d", ret);
 
-		size = stream.total_out;
+		gzip_size = stream.total_out;
 
 		headers = curl_slist_append(headers, "Content-Encoding: gzip");
 		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, gzip_body);
-		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDSIZE, size);
+		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDSIZE, gzip_size);
 
 		if (options.verbosity > 1) {
 			fprintf(stderr, "POST %s (gzip %lu to %lu bytes)\n",
 				rpc->service_name,
-				(unsigned long)rpc->len, (unsigned long)size);
+				(unsigned long)rpc->len, (unsigned long)gzip_size);
 			fflush(stderr);
 		}
 	} else {
@@ -526,6 +542,10 @@
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_FILE, rpc);
 
 	err = run_slot(slot);
+	if (err == HTTP_REAUTH && !large_request)
+		goto retry;
+	if (err != HTTP_OK)
+		err = -1;
 
 	curl_slist_free_all(headers);
 	free(gzip_body);
@@ -568,7 +588,7 @@
 	rpc->hdr_accept = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 
 	while (!err) {
-		int n = packet_read_line(rpc->out, rpc->buf, rpc->alloc);
+		int n = packet_read(rpc->out, NULL, NULL, rpc->buf, rpc->alloc, 0);
 		if (!n)
 			break;
 		rpc->pos = 0;
@@ -674,7 +694,7 @@
 
 	err = rpc_service(&rpc, heads);
 	if (rpc.result.len)
-		safe_write(1, rpc.result.buf, rpc.result.len);
+		write_or_die(1, rpc.result.buf, rpc.result.len);
 	strbuf_release(&rpc.result);
 	strbuf_release(&preamble);
 	free(depth_arg);
@@ -683,7 +703,7 @@
 
 static int fetch(int nr_heads, struct ref **to_fetch)
 {
-	struct discovery *d = discover_refs("git-upload-pack");
+	struct discovery *d = discover_refs("git-upload-pack", 0);
 	if (d->proto_git)
 		return fetch_git(d, nr_heads, to_fetch);
 	else
@@ -794,7 +814,7 @@
 
 	err = rpc_service(&rpc, heads);
 	if (rpc.result.len)
-		safe_write(1, rpc.result.buf, rpc.result.len);
+		write_or_die(1, rpc.result.buf, rpc.result.len);
 	strbuf_release(&rpc.result);
 	free(argv);
 	return err;
@@ -802,7 +822,7 @@
 
 static int push(int nr_spec, char **specs)
 {
-	struct discovery *heads = discover_refs("git-receive-pack");
+	struct discovery *heads = discover_refs("git-receive-pack", 1);
 	int ret;
 
 	if (heads->proto_git)
diff --git a/remote-testsvn.c b/remote-testsvn.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ddf11c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/remote-testsvn.c
@@ -0,0 +1,344 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "remote.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+#include "url.h"
+#include "exec_cmd.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "vcs-svn/svndump.h"
+#include "notes.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
+
+static const char *url;
+static int dump_from_file;
+static const char *private_ref;
+static const char *remote_ref = "refs/heads/master";
+static const char *marksfilename, *notes_ref;
+struct rev_note { unsigned int rev_nr; };
+
+static int cmd_capabilities(const char *line);
+static int cmd_import(const char *line);
+static int cmd_list(const char *line);
+
+typedef int (*input_command_handler)(const char *);
+struct input_command_entry {
+	const char *name;
+	input_command_handler fn;
+	unsigned char batchable;	/* whether the command starts or is part of a batch */
+};
+
+static const struct input_command_entry input_command_list[] = {
+	{ "capabilities", cmd_capabilities, 0 },
+	{ "import", cmd_import, 1 },
+	{ "list", cmd_list, 0 },
+	{ NULL, NULL }
+};
+
+static int cmd_capabilities(const char *line)
+{
+	printf("import\n");
+	printf("bidi-import\n");
+	printf("refspec %s:%s\n\n", remote_ref, private_ref);
+	fflush(stdout);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void terminate_batch(void)
+{
+	/* terminate a current batch's fast-import stream */
+	printf("done\n");
+	fflush(stdout);
+}
+
+/* NOTE: 'ref' refers to a git reference, while 'rev' refers to a svn revision. */
+static char *read_ref_note(const unsigned char sha1[20])
+{
+	const unsigned char *note_sha1;
+	char *msg = NULL;
+	unsigned long msglen;
+	enum object_type type;
+
+	init_notes(NULL, notes_ref, NULL, 0);
+	if (!(note_sha1 = get_note(NULL, sha1)))
+		return NULL;	/* note tree not found */
+	if (!(msg = read_sha1_file(note_sha1, &type, &msglen)))
+		error("Empty notes tree. %s", notes_ref);
+	else if (!msglen || type != OBJ_BLOB) {
+		error("Note contains unusable content. "
+			"Is something else using this notes tree? %s", notes_ref);
+		free(msg);
+		msg = NULL;
+	}
+	free_notes(NULL);
+	return msg;
+}
+
+static int parse_rev_note(const char *msg, struct rev_note *res)
+{
+	const char *key, *value, *end;
+	size_t len;
+
+	while (*msg) {
+		end = strchr(msg, '\n');
+		len = end ? end - msg : strlen(msg);
+
+		key = "Revision-number: ";
+		if (!prefixcmp(msg, key)) {
+			long i;
+			char *end;
+			value = msg + strlen(key);
+			i = strtol(value, &end, 0);
+			if (end == value || i < 0 || i > UINT32_MAX)
+				return -1;
+			res->rev_nr = i;
+			return 0;
+		}
+		msg += len + 1;
+	}
+	/* didn't find it */
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static int note2mark_cb(const unsigned char *object_sha1,
+		const unsigned char *note_sha1, char *note_path,
+		void *cb_data)
+{
+	FILE *file = (FILE *)cb_data;
+	char *msg;
+	unsigned long msglen;
+	enum object_type type;
+	struct rev_note note;
+
+	if (!(msg = read_sha1_file(note_sha1, &type, &msglen)) ||
+			!msglen || type != OBJ_BLOB) {
+		free(msg);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	if (parse_rev_note(msg, &note))
+		return 2;
+	if (fprintf(file, ":%d %s\n", note.rev_nr, sha1_to_hex(object_sha1)) < 1)
+		return 3;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void regenerate_marks(void)
+{
+	int ret;
+	FILE *marksfile = fopen(marksfilename, "w+");
+
+	if (!marksfile)
+		die_errno("Couldn't create mark file %s.", marksfilename);
+	ret = for_each_note(NULL, 0, note2mark_cb, marksfile);
+	if (ret)
+		die("Regeneration of marks failed, returned %d.", ret);
+	fclose(marksfile);
+}
+
+static void check_or_regenerate_marks(int latestrev)
+{
+	FILE *marksfile;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf line = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int found = 0;
+
+	if (latestrev < 1)
+		return;
+
+	init_notes(NULL, notes_ref, NULL, 0);
+	marksfile = fopen(marksfilename, "r");
+	if (!marksfile) {
+		regenerate_marks();
+		marksfile = fopen(marksfilename, "r");
+		if (!marksfile)
+			die_errno("cannot read marks file %s!", marksfilename);
+		fclose(marksfile);
+	} else {
+		strbuf_addf(&sb, ":%d ", latestrev);
+		while (strbuf_getline(&line, marksfile, '\n') != EOF) {
+			if (!prefixcmp(line.buf, sb.buf)) {
+				found++;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		fclose(marksfile);
+		if (!found)
+			regenerate_marks();
+	}
+	free_notes(NULL);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	strbuf_release(&line);
+}
+
+static int cmd_import(const char *line)
+{
+	int code;
+	int dumpin_fd;
+	char *note_msg;
+	unsigned char head_sha1[20];
+	unsigned int startrev;
+	struct argv_array svndump_argv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct child_process svndump_proc;
+
+	if (read_ref(private_ref, head_sha1))
+		startrev = 0;
+	else {
+		note_msg = read_ref_note(head_sha1);
+		if(note_msg == NULL) {
+			warning("No note found for %s.", private_ref);
+			startrev = 0;
+		} else {
+			struct rev_note note = { 0 };
+			if (parse_rev_note(note_msg, &note))
+				die("Revision number couldn't be parsed from note.");
+			startrev = note.rev_nr + 1;
+			free(note_msg);
+		}
+	}
+	check_or_regenerate_marks(startrev - 1);
+
+	if (dump_from_file) {
+		dumpin_fd = open(url, O_RDONLY);
+		if(dumpin_fd < 0)
+			die_errno("Couldn't open svn dump file %s.", url);
+	} else {
+		memset(&svndump_proc, 0, sizeof(struct child_process));
+		svndump_proc.out = -1;
+		argv_array_push(&svndump_argv, "svnrdump");
+		argv_array_push(&svndump_argv, "dump");
+		argv_array_push(&svndump_argv, url);
+		argv_array_pushf(&svndump_argv, "-r%u:HEAD", startrev);
+		svndump_proc.argv = svndump_argv.argv;
+
+		code = start_command(&svndump_proc);
+		if (code)
+			die("Unable to start %s, code %d", svndump_proc.argv[0], code);
+		dumpin_fd = svndump_proc.out;
+	}
+	/* setup marks file import/export */
+	printf("feature import-marks-if-exists=%s\n"
+			"feature export-marks=%s\n", marksfilename, marksfilename);
+
+	svndump_init_fd(dumpin_fd, STDIN_FILENO);
+	svndump_read(url, private_ref, notes_ref);
+	svndump_deinit();
+	svndump_reset();
+
+	close(dumpin_fd);
+	if (!dump_from_file) {
+		code = finish_command(&svndump_proc);
+		if (code)
+			warning("%s, returned %d", svndump_proc.argv[0], code);
+		argv_array_clear(&svndump_argv);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int cmd_list(const char *line)
+{
+	printf("? %s\n\n", remote_ref);
+	fflush(stdout);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int do_command(struct strbuf *line)
+{
+	const struct input_command_entry *p = input_command_list;
+	static struct string_list batchlines = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	static const struct input_command_entry *batch_cmd;
+	/*
+	 * commands can be grouped together in a batch.
+	 * Batches are ended by \n. If no batch is active the program ends.
+	 * During a batch all lines are buffered and passed to the handler function
+	 * when the batch is terminated.
+	 */
+	if (line->len == 0) {
+		if (batch_cmd) {
+			struct string_list_item *item;
+			for_each_string_list_item(item, &batchlines)
+				batch_cmd->fn(item->string);
+			terminate_batch();
+			batch_cmd = NULL;
+			string_list_clear(&batchlines, 0);
+			return 0;	/* end of the batch, continue reading other commands. */
+		}
+		return 1;	/* end of command stream, quit */
+	}
+	if (batch_cmd) {
+		if (prefixcmp(batch_cmd->name, line->buf))
+			die("Active %s batch interrupted by %s", batch_cmd->name, line->buf);
+		/* buffer batch lines */
+		string_list_append(&batchlines, line->buf);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	for (p = input_command_list; p->name; p++) {
+		if (!prefixcmp(line->buf, p->name) && (strlen(p->name) == line->len ||
+				line->buf[strlen(p->name)] == ' ')) {
+			if (p->batchable) {
+				batch_cmd = p;
+				string_list_append(&batchlines, line->buf);
+				return 0;
+			}
+			return p->fn(line->buf);
+		}
+	}
+	die("Unknown command '%s'\n", line->buf);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT, url_sb = STRBUF_INIT,
+			private_ref_sb = STRBUF_INIT, marksfilename_sb = STRBUF_INIT,
+			notes_ref_sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	static struct remote *remote;
+	const char *url_in;
+
+	git_extract_argv0_path(argv[0]);
+	setup_git_directory();
+	if (argc < 2 || argc > 3) {
+		usage("git-remote-svn <remote-name> [<url>]");
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	remote = remote_get(argv[1]);
+	url_in = (argc == 3) ? argv[2] : remote->url[0];
+
+	if (!prefixcmp(url_in, "file://")) {
+		dump_from_file = 1;
+		url = url_decode(url_in + sizeof("file://")-1);
+	} else {
+		dump_from_file = 0;
+		end_url_with_slash(&url_sb, url_in);
+		url = url_sb.buf;
+	}
+
+	strbuf_addf(&private_ref_sb, "refs/svn/%s/master", remote->name);
+	private_ref = private_ref_sb.buf;
+
+	strbuf_addf(&notes_ref_sb, "refs/notes/%s/revs", remote->name);
+	notes_ref = notes_ref_sb.buf;
+
+	strbuf_addf(&marksfilename_sb, "%s/info/fast-import/remote-svn/%s.marks",
+		get_git_dir(), remote->name);
+	marksfilename = marksfilename_sb.buf;
+
+	while (1) {
+		if (strbuf_getline(&buf, stdin, '\n') == EOF) {
+			if (ferror(stdin))
+				die("Error reading command stream");
+			else
+				die("Unexpected end of command stream");
+		}
+		if (do_command(&buf))
+			break;
+		strbuf_reset(&buf);
+	}
+
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	strbuf_release(&url_sb);
+	strbuf_release(&private_ref_sb);
+	strbuf_release(&notes_ref_sb);
+	strbuf_release(&marksfilename_sb);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/remote.c b/remote.c
index 6833538..68eb99b 100644
--- a/remote.c
+++ b/remote.c
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 	0,
 	1,
 	0,
+	0,
 	"refs/tags/*",
 	"refs/tags/*"
 };
@@ -48,6 +49,7 @@
 
 static struct branch *current_branch;
 static const char *default_remote_name;
+static const char *pushremote_name;
 static int explicit_default_remote_name;
 
 static struct rewrites rewrites;
@@ -356,13 +358,16 @@
 			return 0;
 		branch = make_branch(name, subkey - name);
 		if (!strcmp(subkey, ".remote")) {
-			if (!value)
-				return config_error_nonbool(key);
-			branch->remote_name = xstrdup(value);
+			if (git_config_string(&branch->remote_name, key, value))
+				return -1;
 			if (branch == current_branch) {
 				default_remote_name = branch->remote_name;
 				explicit_default_remote_name = 1;
 			}
+		} else if (!strcmp(subkey, ".pushremote")) {
+			if (branch == current_branch)
+				if (git_config_string(&pushremote_name, key, value))
+					return -1;
 		} else if (!strcmp(subkey, ".merge")) {
 			if (!value)
 				return config_error_nonbool(key);
@@ -388,9 +393,16 @@
 			add_instead_of(rewrite, xstrdup(value));
 		}
 	}
+
 	if (prefixcmp(key,  "remote."))
 		return 0;
 	name = key + 7;
+
+	/* Handle remote.* variables */
+	if (!strcmp(name, "pushdefault"))
+		return git_config_string(&pushremote_name, key, value);
+
+	/* Handle remote.<name>.* variables */
 	if (*name == '/') {
 		warning("Config remote shorthand cannot begin with '/': %s",
 			name);
@@ -538,7 +550,7 @@
 
 		/*
 		 * Before going on, special case ":" (or "+:") as a refspec
-		 * for matching refs.
+		 * for pushing matching refs.
 		 */
 		if (!fetch && rhs == lhs && rhs[1] == '\0') {
 			rs[i].matching = 1;
@@ -565,26 +577,25 @@
 		flags = REFNAME_ALLOW_ONELEVEL | (is_glob ? REFNAME_REFSPEC_PATTERN : 0);
 
 		if (fetch) {
-			/*
-			 * LHS
-			 * - empty is allowed; it means HEAD.
-			 * - otherwise it must be a valid looking ref.
-			 */
+			unsigned char unused[40];
+
+			/* LHS */
 			if (!*rs[i].src)
-				; /* empty is ok */
-			else if (check_refname_format(rs[i].src, flags))
+				; /* empty is ok; it means "HEAD" */
+			else if (llen == 40 && !get_sha1_hex(rs[i].src, unused))
+				rs[i].exact_sha1 = 1; /* ok */
+			else if (!check_refname_format(rs[i].src, flags))
+				; /* valid looking ref is ok */
+			else
 				goto invalid;
-			/*
-			 * RHS
-			 * - missing is ok, and is same as empty.
-			 * - empty is ok; it means not to store.
-			 * - otherwise it must be a valid looking ref.
-			 */
+			/* RHS */
 			if (!rs[i].dst)
-				; /* ok */
+				; /* missing is ok; it is the same as empty */
 			else if (!*rs[i].dst)
-				; /* ok */
-			else if (check_refname_format(rs[i].dst, flags))
+				; /* empty is ok; it means "do not store" */
+			else if (!check_refname_format(rs[i].dst, flags))
+				; /* valid looking ref is ok */
+			else
 				goto invalid;
 		} else {
 			/*
@@ -671,17 +682,21 @@
 	return !strchr(name, '/'); /* no slash */
 }
 
-struct remote *remote_get(const char *name)
+static struct remote *remote_get_1(const char *name, const char *pushremote_name)
 {
 	struct remote *ret;
 	int name_given = 0;
 
-	read_config();
 	if (name)
 		name_given = 1;
 	else {
-		name = default_remote_name;
-		name_given = explicit_default_remote_name;
+		if (pushremote_name) {
+			name = pushremote_name;
+			name_given = 1;
+		} else {
+			name = default_remote_name;
+			name_given = explicit_default_remote_name;
+		}
 	}
 
 	ret = make_remote(name, 0);
@@ -700,6 +715,18 @@
 	return ret;
 }
 
+struct remote *remote_get(const char *name)
+{
+	read_config();
+	return remote_get_1(name, NULL);
+}
+
+struct remote *pushremote_get(const char *name)
+{
+	read_config();
+	return remote_get_1(name, pushremote_name);
+}
+
 int remote_is_configured(const char *name)
 {
 	int i;
@@ -1100,6 +1127,9 @@
 	case 0:
 		if (!memcmp(dst_value, "refs/", 5))
 			matched_dst = make_linked_ref(dst_value, dst_tail);
+		else if (is_null_sha1(matched_src->new_sha1))
+			error("unable to delete '%s': remote ref does not exist",
+			      dst_value);
 		else if ((dst_guess = guess_ref(dst_value, matched_src)))
 			matched_dst = make_linked_ref(dst_guess, dst_tail);
 		else
@@ -1192,6 +1222,101 @@
 	return tail;
 }
 
+struct tips {
+	struct commit **tip;
+	int nr, alloc;
+};
+
+static void add_to_tips(struct tips *tips, const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct commit *commit;
+
+	if (is_null_sha1(sha1))
+		return;
+	commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1, 1);
+	if (!commit || (commit->object.flags & TMP_MARK))
+		return;
+	commit->object.flags |= TMP_MARK;
+	ALLOC_GROW(tips->tip, tips->nr + 1, tips->alloc);
+	tips->tip[tips->nr++] = commit;
+}
+
+static void add_missing_tags(struct ref *src, struct ref **dst, struct ref ***dst_tail)
+{
+	struct string_list dst_tag = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	struct string_list src_tag = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+	struct ref *ref;
+	struct tips sent_tips;
+
+	/*
+	 * Collect everything we know they would have at the end of
+	 * this push, and collect all tags they have.
+	 */
+	memset(&sent_tips, 0, sizeof(sent_tips));
+	for (ref = *dst; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		if (ref->peer_ref &&
+		    !is_null_sha1(ref->peer_ref->new_sha1))
+			add_to_tips(&sent_tips, ref->peer_ref->new_sha1);
+		else
+			add_to_tips(&sent_tips, ref->old_sha1);
+		if (!prefixcmp(ref->name, "refs/tags/"))
+			string_list_append(&dst_tag, ref->name);
+	}
+	clear_commit_marks_many(sent_tips.nr, sent_tips.tip, TMP_MARK);
+
+	sort_string_list(&dst_tag);
+
+	/* Collect tags they do not have. */
+	for (ref = src; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		if (prefixcmp(ref->name, "refs/tags/"))
+			continue; /* not a tag */
+		if (string_list_has_string(&dst_tag, ref->name))
+			continue; /* they already have it */
+		if (sha1_object_info(ref->new_sha1, NULL) != OBJ_TAG)
+			continue; /* be conservative */
+		item = string_list_append(&src_tag, ref->name);
+		item->util = ref;
+	}
+	string_list_clear(&dst_tag, 0);
+
+	/*
+	 * At this point, src_tag lists tags that are missing from
+	 * dst, and sent_tips lists the tips we are pushing or those
+	 * that we know they already have. An element in the src_tag
+	 * that is an ancestor of any of the sent_tips needs to be
+	 * sent to the other side.
+	 */
+	if (sent_tips.nr) {
+		for_each_string_list_item(item, &src_tag) {
+			struct ref *ref = item->util;
+			struct ref *dst_ref;
+			struct commit *commit;
+
+			if (is_null_sha1(ref->new_sha1))
+				continue;
+			commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(ref->new_sha1, 1);
+			if (!commit)
+				/* not pushing a commit, which is not an error */
+				continue;
+
+			/*
+			 * Is this tag, which they do not have, reachable from
+			 * any of the commits we are sending?
+			 */
+			if (!in_merge_bases_many(commit, sent_tips.nr, sent_tips.tip))
+				continue;
+
+			/* Add it in */
+			dst_ref = make_linked_ref(ref->name, dst_tail);
+			hashcpy(dst_ref->new_sha1, ref->new_sha1);
+			dst_ref->peer_ref = copy_ref(ref);
+		}
+	}
+	string_list_clear(&src_tag, 0);
+	free(sent_tips.tip);
+}
+
 /*
  * Given the set of refs the local repository has, the set of refs the
  * remote repository has, and the refspec used for push, determine
@@ -1224,9 +1349,6 @@
 		const struct refspec *pat = NULL;
 		char *dst_name;
 
-		if (ref->peer_ref)
-			continue;
-
 		dst_name = get_ref_match(rs, nr_refspec, ref, send_mirror, FROM_SRC, &pat);
 		if (!dst_name)
 			continue;
@@ -1254,6 +1376,10 @@
 	free_name:
 		free(dst_name);
 	}
+
+	if (flags & MATCH_REFS_FOLLOW_TAGS)
+		add_missing_tags(src, dst, &dst_tail);
+
 	if (send_prune) {
 		/* check for missing refs on the remote */
 		for (ref = *dst; ref; ref = ref->next) {
@@ -1282,6 +1408,8 @@
 	struct ref *ref;
 
 	for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		int force_ref_update = ref->force || force_update;
+
 		if (ref->peer_ref)
 			hashcpy(ref->new_sha1, ref->peer_ref->new_sha1);
 		else if (!send_mirror)
@@ -1294,34 +1422,41 @@
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		/* This part determines what can overwrite what.
-		 * The rules are:
+		/*
+		 * Decide whether an individual refspec A:B can be
+		 * pushed.  The push will succeed if any of the
+		 * following are true:
 		 *
-		 * (0) you can always use --force or +A:B notation to
-		 *     selectively force individual ref pairs.
+		 * (1) the remote reference B does not exist
 		 *
-		 * (1) if the old thing does not exist, it is OK.
+		 * (2) the remote reference B is being removed (i.e.,
+		 *     pushing :B where no source is specified)
 		 *
-		 * (2) if you do not have the old thing, you are not allowed
-		 *     to overwrite it; you would not know what you are losing
-		 *     otherwise.
+		 * (3) the destination is not under refs/tags/, and
+		 *     if the old and new value is a commit, the new
+		 *     is a descendant of the old.
 		 *
-		 * (3) if both new and old are commit-ish, and new is a
-		 *     descendant of old, it is OK.
-		 *
-		 * (4) regardless of all of the above, removing :B is
-		 *     always allowed.
+		 * (4) it is forced using the +A:B notation, or by
+		 *     passing the --force argument
 		 */
 
-		ref->nonfastforward =
-			!ref->deletion &&
-			!is_null_sha1(ref->old_sha1) &&
-			(!has_sha1_file(ref->old_sha1)
-			  || !ref_newer(ref->new_sha1, ref->old_sha1));
+		if (!ref->deletion && !is_null_sha1(ref->old_sha1)) {
+			int why = 0; /* why would this push require --force? */
 
-		if (ref->nonfastforward && !ref->force && !force_update) {
-			ref->status = REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD;
-			continue;
+			if (!prefixcmp(ref->name, "refs/tags/"))
+				why = REF_STATUS_REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS;
+			else if (!has_sha1_file(ref->old_sha1))
+				why = REF_STATUS_REJECT_FETCH_FIRST;
+			else if (!lookup_commit_reference_gently(ref->old_sha1, 1) ||
+				 !lookup_commit_reference_gently(ref->new_sha1, 1))
+				why = REF_STATUS_REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE;
+			else if (!ref_newer(ref->new_sha1, ref->old_sha1))
+				why = REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD;
+
+			if (!force_ref_update)
+				ref->status = why;
+			else if (why)
+				ref->forced_update = 1;
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -1367,6 +1502,16 @@
 	return refname_match(branch->merge[i]->src, refname, ref_fetch_rules);
 }
 
+static int ignore_symref_update(const char *refname)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	int flag;
+
+	if (!resolve_ref_unsafe(refname, sha1, 0, &flag))
+		return 0; /* non-existing refs are OK */
+	return (flag & REF_ISSYMREF);
+}
+
 static struct ref *get_expanded_map(const struct ref *remote_refs,
 				    const struct refspec *refspec)
 {
@@ -1380,7 +1525,8 @@
 		if (strchr(ref->name, '^'))
 			continue; /* a dereference item */
 		if (match_name_with_pattern(refspec->src, ref->name,
-					    refspec->dst, &expn_name)) {
+					    refspec->dst, &expn_name) &&
+		    !ignore_symref_update(expn_name)) {
 			struct ref *cpy = copy_ref(ref);
 
 			cpy->peer_ref = alloc_ref(expn_name);
@@ -1443,7 +1589,12 @@
 	} else {
 		const char *name = refspec->src[0] ? refspec->src : "HEAD";
 
-		ref_map = get_remote_ref(remote_refs, name);
+		if (refspec->exact_sha1) {
+			ref_map = alloc_ref(name);
+			get_sha1_hex(name, ref_map->old_sha1);
+		} else {
+			ref_map = get_remote_ref(remote_refs, name);
+		}
 		if (!missing_ok && !ref_map)
 			die("Couldn't find remote ref %s", name);
 		if (ref_map) {
@@ -1455,8 +1606,8 @@
 
 	for (rmp = &ref_map; *rmp; ) {
 		if ((*rmp)->peer_ref) {
-			if (check_refname_format((*rmp)->peer_ref->name + 5,
-				REFNAME_ALLOW_ONELEVEL)) {
+			if (prefixcmp((*rmp)->peer_ref->name, "refs/") ||
+			    check_refname_format((*rmp)->peer_ref->name, 0)) {
 				struct ref *ignore = *rmp;
 				error("* Ignoring funny ref '%s' locally",
 				      (*rmp)->peer_ref->name);
@@ -1504,7 +1655,8 @@
 	struct commit_list *list, *used;
 	int found = 0;
 
-	/* Both new and old must be commit-ish and new is descendant of
+	/*
+	 * Both new and old must be commit-ish and new is descendant of
 	 * old.  Otherwise we require --force.
 	 */
 	o = deref_tag(parse_object(old_sha1), NULL, 0);
@@ -1624,13 +1776,16 @@
 
 	base = branch->merge[0]->dst;
 	base = shorten_unambiguous_ref(base, 0);
-	if (!num_theirs)
+	if (!num_theirs) {
 		strbuf_addf(sb,
 			Q_("Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commit.\n",
 			   "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commits.\n",
 			   num_ours),
 			base, num_ours);
-	else if (!num_ours)
+		if (advice_status_hints)
+			strbuf_addf(sb,
+				_("  (use \"git push\" to publish your local commits)\n"));
+	} else if (!num_ours) {
 		strbuf_addf(sb,
 			Q_("Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commit, "
 			       "and can be fast-forwarded.\n",
@@ -1638,7 +1793,10 @@
 			       "and can be fast-forwarded.\n",
 			   num_theirs),
 			base, num_theirs);
-	else
+		if (advice_status_hints)
+			strbuf_addf(sb,
+				_("  (use \"git pull\" to update your local branch)\n"));
+	} else {
 		strbuf_addf(sb,
 			Q_("Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
 			       "and have %d and %d different commit each, "
@@ -1648,6 +1806,10 @@
 			       "respectively.\n",
 			   num_theirs),
 			base, num_ours, num_theirs);
+		if (advice_status_hints)
+			strbuf_addf(sb,
+				_("  (use \"git pull\" to merge the remote branch into yours)\n"));
+	}
 	return 1;
 }
 
diff --git a/remote.h b/remote.h
index 251d8fd..cf56724 100644
--- a/remote.h
+++ b/remote.h
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@
 };
 
 struct remote *remote_get(const char *name);
+struct remote *pushremote_get(const char *name);
 int remote_is_configured(const char *name);
 
 typedef int each_remote_fn(struct remote *remote, void *priv);
@@ -62,6 +63,7 @@
 	unsigned force : 1;
 	unsigned pattern : 1;
 	unsigned matching : 1;
+	unsigned exact_sha1 : 1;
 
 	char *src;
 	char *dst;
@@ -148,7 +150,8 @@
 	MATCH_REFS_NONE		= 0,
 	MATCH_REFS_ALL 		= (1 << 0),
 	MATCH_REFS_MIRROR	= (1 << 1),
-	MATCH_REFS_PRUNE	= (1 << 2)
+	MATCH_REFS_PRUNE	= (1 << 2),
+	MATCH_REFS_FOLLOW_TAGS	= (1 << 3)
 };
 
 /* Reporting of tracking info */
diff --git a/rerere.c b/rerere.c
index dcb525a..98e3e29 100644
--- a/rerere.c
+++ b/rerere.c
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 	return git_path("rr-cache/%s/%s", hex, file);
 }
 
-int has_rerere_resolution(const char *hex)
+static int has_rerere_resolution(const char *hex)
 {
 	struct stat st;
 	return !stat(rerere_path(hex, "postimage"), &st);
@@ -284,8 +284,10 @@
 	strbuf_release(sb);
 	if (!io->input.len)
 		return -1;
-	ep = strchrnul(io->input.buf, '\n');
-	if (*ep == '\n')
+	ep = memchr(io->input.buf, '\n', io->input.len);
+	if (!ep)
+		ep = io->input.buf + io->input.len;
+	else if (*ep == '\n')
 		ep++;
 	len = ep - io->input.buf;
 	strbuf_add(sb, io->input.buf, len);
@@ -295,7 +297,7 @@
 
 static int handle_cache(const char *path, unsigned char *sha1, const char *output)
 {
-	mmfile_t mmfile[3];
+	mmfile_t mmfile[3] = {{NULL}};
 	mmbuffer_t result = {NULL, 0};
 	struct cache_entry *ce;
 	int pos, len, i, hunk_no;
@@ -314,17 +316,16 @@
 	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
 		enum object_type type;
 		unsigned long size;
+		int j;
 
-		mmfile[i].size = 0;
-		mmfile[i].ptr = NULL;
 		if (active_nr <= pos)
 			break;
 		ce = active_cache[pos++];
-		if (ce_namelen(ce) != len || memcmp(ce->name, path, len)
-		    || ce_stage(ce) != i + 1)
-			break;
-		mmfile[i].ptr = read_sha1_file(ce->sha1, &type, &size);
-		mmfile[i].size = size;
+		if (ce_namelen(ce) != len || memcmp(ce->name, path, len))
+			continue;
+		j = ce_stage(ce) - 1;
+		mmfile[j].ptr = read_sha1_file(ce->sha1, &type, &size);
+		mmfile[j].size = size;
 	}
 	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
 		if (!mmfile[i].ptr && !mmfile[i].size)
@@ -524,7 +525,7 @@
 				continue;
 			hex = xstrdup(sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 			string_list_insert(rr, path)->util = hex;
-			if (mkdir(git_path("rr-cache/%s", hex), 0755))
+			if (mkdir_in_gitdir(git_path("rr-cache/%s", hex)))
 				continue;
 			handle_file(path, NULL, rerere_path(hex, "preimage"));
 			fprintf(stderr, "Recorded preimage for '%s'\n", path);
@@ -544,13 +545,13 @@
 
 		if (has_rerere_resolution(name)) {
 			if (!merge(name, path)) {
-				if (rerere_autoupdate)
+				const char *msg;
+				if (rerere_autoupdate) {
 					string_list_insert(&update, path);
-				fprintf(stderr,
-					"%s '%s' using previous resolution.\n",
-					rerere_autoupdate
-					? "Staged" : "Resolved",
-					path);
+					msg = "Staged '%s' using previous resolution.\n";
+				} else
+					msg = "Resolved '%s' using previous resolution.\n";
+				fprintf(stderr, msg, path);
 				goto mark_resolved;
 			}
 		}
diff --git a/rerere.h b/rerere.h
index fcd8bc1..156d2aa 100644
--- a/rerere.h
+++ b/rerere.h
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 extern int setup_rerere(struct string_list *, int);
 extern int rerere(int);
 extern const char *rerere_path(const char *hex, const char *file);
-extern int has_rerere_resolution(const char *hex);
 extern int rerere_forget(const char **);
 extern int rerere_remaining(struct string_list *);
 extern void rerere_clear(struct string_list *);
diff --git a/resolve-undo.c b/resolve-undo.c
index 72b4612..639eb9c 100644
--- a/resolve-undo.c
+++ b/resolve-undo.c
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@
 	struct cache_entry *ce;
 	struct string_list_item *item;
 	struct resolve_undo_info *ru;
-	int i, err = 0;
+	int i, err = 0, matched;
 
 	if (!istate->resolve_undo)
 		return pos;
@@ -137,6 +137,7 @@
 	ru = item->util;
 	if (!ru)
 		return pos;
+	matched = ce->ce_flags & CE_MATCHED;
 	remove_index_entry_at(istate, pos);
 	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
 		struct cache_entry *nce;
@@ -144,6 +145,8 @@
 			continue;
 		nce = make_cache_entry(ru->mode[i], ru->sha1[i],
 				       ce->name, i + 1, 0);
+		if (matched)
+			nce->ce_flags |= CE_MATCHED;
 		if (add_index_entry(istate, nce, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD)) {
 			err = 1;
 			error("cannot unmerge '%s'", ce->name);
@@ -156,6 +159,20 @@
 	return unmerge_index_entry_at(istate, pos);
 }
 
+void unmerge_marked_index(struct index_state *istate)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	if (!istate->resolve_undo)
+		return;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < istate->cache_nr; i++) {
+		struct cache_entry *ce = istate->cache[i];
+		if (ce->ce_flags & CE_MATCHED)
+			i = unmerge_index_entry_at(istate, i);
+	}
+}
+
 void unmerge_index(struct index_state *istate, const char **pathspec)
 {
 	int i;
diff --git a/resolve-undo.h b/resolve-undo.h
index 8458769..7a30206 100644
--- a/resolve-undo.h
+++ b/resolve-undo.h
@@ -12,5 +12,6 @@
 extern void resolve_undo_clear_index(struct index_state *);
 extern int unmerge_index_entry_at(struct index_state *, int);
 extern void unmerge_index(struct index_state *, const char **);
+extern void unmerge_marked_index(struct index_state *);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/revision.c b/revision.c
index 935e7a7..7f7a8ab 100644
--- a/revision.c
+++ b/revision.c
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include "decorate.h"
 #include "log-tree.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
+#include "mailmap.h"
 
 volatile show_early_output_fn_t show_early_output;
 
@@ -345,6 +346,7 @@
 static void file_add_remove(struct diff_options *options,
 		    int addremove, unsigned mode,
 		    const unsigned char *sha1,
+		    int sha1_valid,
 		    const char *fullpath, unsigned dirty_submodule)
 {
 	int diff = addremove == '+' ? REV_TREE_NEW : REV_TREE_OLD;
@@ -358,6 +360,7 @@
 		 unsigned old_mode, unsigned new_mode,
 		 const unsigned char *old_sha1,
 		 const unsigned char *new_sha1,
+		 int old_sha1_valid, int new_sha1_valid,
 		 const char *fullpath,
 		 unsigned old_dirty_submodule, unsigned new_dirty_submodule)
 {
@@ -706,7 +709,7 @@
 	 * Does the destination list contain entries with a date
 	 * before the source list? Definitely _not_ done.
 	 */
-	if (date < src->item->date)
+	if (date <= src->item->date)
 		return SLOP;
 
 	/*
@@ -912,6 +915,19 @@
 	info->nr++;
 }
 
+static void add_rev_cmdline_list(struct rev_info *revs,
+				 struct commit_list *commit_list,
+				 int whence,
+				 unsigned flags)
+{
+	while (commit_list) {
+		struct object *object = &commit_list->item->object;
+		add_rev_cmdline(revs, object, sha1_to_hex(object->sha1),
+				whence, flags);
+		commit_list = commit_list->next;
+	}
+}
+
 struct all_refs_cb {
 	int all_flags;
 	int warned_bad_reflog;
@@ -1000,7 +1016,7 @@
 		flags ^= UNINTERESTING;
 		arg++;
 	}
-	if (get_sha1(arg, sha1))
+	if (get_sha1_committish(arg, sha1))
 		return 0;
 	while (1) {
 		it = get_reference(revs, arg, sha1, 0);
@@ -1046,9 +1062,9 @@
 
 	revs->commit_format = CMIT_FMT_DEFAULT;
 
+	init_grep_defaults();
+	grep_init(&revs->grep_filter, prefix);
 	revs->grep_filter.status_only = 1;
-	revs->grep_filter.pattern_tail = &(revs->grep_filter.pattern_list);
-	revs->grep_filter.header_tail = &(revs->grep_filter.header_list);
 	revs->grep_filter.regflags = REG_NEWLINE;
 
 	diff_setup(&revs->diffopt);
@@ -1089,6 +1105,7 @@
 	add_pending_object(revs, &head->object, "HEAD");
 	add_pending_object(revs, &other->object, "MERGE_HEAD");
 	bases = get_merge_bases(head, other, 1);
+	add_rev_cmdline_list(revs, bases, REV_CMD_MERGE_BASE, UNINTERESTING);
 	add_pending_commit_list(revs, bases, UNINTERESTING);
 	free_commit_list(bases);
 	head->object.flags |= SYMMETRIC_LEFT;
@@ -1114,16 +1131,16 @@
 	revs->limited = 1;
 }
 
-int handle_revision_arg(const char *arg_, struct rev_info *revs,
-			int flags,
-			int cant_be_filename)
+int handle_revision_arg(const char *arg_, struct rev_info *revs, int flags, unsigned revarg_opt)
 {
-	unsigned mode;
+	struct object_context oc;
 	char *dotdot;
 	struct object *object;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	int local_flags;
 	const char *arg = arg_;
+	int cant_be_filename = revarg_opt & REVARG_CANNOT_BE_FILENAME;
+	unsigned get_sha1_flags = 0;
 
 	dotdot = strstr(arg, "..");
 	if (dotdot) {
@@ -1132,17 +1149,29 @@
 		const char *this = arg;
 		int symmetric = *next == '.';
 		unsigned int flags_exclude = flags ^ UNINTERESTING;
+		static const char head_by_default[] = "HEAD";
 		unsigned int a_flags;
 
 		*dotdot = 0;
 		next += symmetric;
 
 		if (!*next)
-			next = "HEAD";
+			next = head_by_default;
 		if (dotdot == arg)
-			this = "HEAD";
-		if (!get_sha1(this, from_sha1) &&
-		    !get_sha1(next, sha1)) {
+			this = head_by_default;
+		if (this == head_by_default && next == head_by_default &&
+		    !symmetric) {
+			/*
+			 * Just ".."?  That is not a range but the
+			 * pathspec for the parent directory.
+			 */
+			if (!cant_be_filename) {
+				*dotdot = '.';
+				return -1;
+			}
+		}
+		if (!get_sha1_committish(this, from_sha1) &&
+		    !get_sha1_committish(next, sha1)) {
 			struct commit *a, *b;
 			struct commit_list *exclude;
 
@@ -1164,6 +1193,9 @@
 
 			if (symmetric) {
 				exclude = get_merge_bases(a, b, 1);
+				add_rev_cmdline_list(revs, exclude,
+						     REV_CMD_MERGE_BASE,
+						     flags_exclude);
 				add_pending_commit_list(revs, exclude,
 							flags_exclude);
 				free_commit_list(exclude);
@@ -1201,13 +1233,17 @@
 		local_flags = UNINTERESTING;
 		arg++;
 	}
-	if (get_sha1_with_mode(arg, sha1, &mode))
+
+	if (revarg_opt & REVARG_COMMITTISH)
+		get_sha1_flags = GET_SHA1_COMMITTISH;
+
+	if (get_sha1_with_context(arg, get_sha1_flags, sha1, &oc))
 		return revs->ignore_missing ? 0 : -1;
 	if (!cant_be_filename)
 		verify_non_filename(revs->prefix, arg);
 	object = get_reference(revs, arg, sha1, flags ^ local_flags);
 	add_rev_cmdline(revs, object, arg_, REV_CMD_REV, flags ^ local_flags);
-	add_pending_object_with_mode(revs, object, arg, mode);
+	add_pending_object_with_mode(revs, object, arg, oc.mode);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1257,7 +1293,8 @@
 			}
 			die("options not supported in --stdin mode");
 		}
-		if (handle_revision_arg(sb.buf, revs, 0, 1))
+		if (handle_revision_arg(xstrdup(sb.buf), revs, 0,
+					REVARG_CANNOT_BE_FILENAME))
 			die("bad revision '%s'", sb.buf);
 	}
 	if (seen_dashdash)
@@ -1294,7 +1331,7 @@
 	    !strcmp(arg, "--no-walk") || !strcmp(arg, "--do-walk") ||
 	    !strcmp(arg, "--bisect") || !prefixcmp(arg, "--glob=") ||
 	    !prefixcmp(arg, "--branches=") || !prefixcmp(arg, "--tags=") ||
-	    !prefixcmp(arg, "--remotes="))
+	    !prefixcmp(arg, "--remotes=") || !prefixcmp(arg, "--no-walk="))
 	{
 		unkv[(*unkc)++] = arg;
 		return 1;
@@ -1358,11 +1395,13 @@
 		revs->topo_order = 1;
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--simplify-merges")) {
 		revs->simplify_merges = 1;
+		revs->topo_order = 1;
 		revs->rewrite_parents = 1;
 		revs->simplify_history = 0;
 		revs->limited = 1;
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--simplify-by-decoration")) {
 		revs->simplify_merges = 1;
+		revs->topo_order = 1;
 		revs->rewrite_parents = 1;
 		revs->simplify_history = 0;
 		revs->simplify_by_decoration = 1;
@@ -1575,16 +1614,25 @@
 	} else if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("committer", argv, &optarg))) {
 		add_header_grep(revs, GREP_HEADER_COMMITTER, optarg);
 		return argcount;
+	} else if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("grep-reflog", argv, &optarg))) {
+		add_header_grep(revs, GREP_HEADER_REFLOG, optarg);
+		return argcount;
 	} else if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("grep", argv, &optarg))) {
 		add_message_grep(revs, optarg);
 		return argcount;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--grep-debug")) {
+		revs->grep_filter.debug = 1;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--basic-regexp")) {
+		grep_set_pattern_type_option(GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_BRE, &revs->grep_filter);
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--extended-regexp") || !strcmp(arg, "-E")) {
-		revs->grep_filter.regflags |= REG_EXTENDED;
+		grep_set_pattern_type_option(GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_ERE, &revs->grep_filter);
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--regexp-ignore-case") || !strcmp(arg, "-i")) {
 		revs->grep_filter.regflags |= REG_ICASE;
 		DIFF_OPT_SET(&revs->diffopt, PICKAXE_IGNORE_CASE);
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--fixed-strings") || !strcmp(arg, "-F")) {
-		revs->grep_filter.fixed = 1;
+		grep_set_pattern_type_option(GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_FIXED, &revs->grep_filter);
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--perl-regexp")) {
+		grep_set_pattern_type_option(GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_PCRE, &revs->grep_filter);
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--all-match")) {
 		revs->grep_filter.all_match = 1;
 	} else if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("encoding", argv, &optarg))) {
@@ -1687,7 +1735,18 @@
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--not")) {
 		*flags ^= UNINTERESTING;
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-walk")) {
-		revs->no_walk = 1;
+		revs->no_walk = REVISION_WALK_NO_WALK_SORTED;
+	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--no-walk=")) {
+		/*
+		 * Detached form ("--no-walk X" as opposed to "--no-walk=X")
+		 * not allowed, since the argument is optional.
+		 */
+		if (!strcmp(arg + 10, "sorted"))
+			revs->no_walk = REVISION_WALK_NO_WALK_SORTED;
+		else if (!strcmp(arg + 10, "unsorted"))
+			revs->no_walk = REVISION_WALK_NO_WALK_UNSORTED;
+		else
+			return error("invalid argument to --no-walk");
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--do-walk")) {
 		revs->no_walk = 0;
 	} else {
@@ -1706,7 +1765,7 @@
  */
 int setup_revisions(int argc, const char **argv, struct rev_info *revs, struct setup_revision_opt *opt)
 {
-	int i, flags, left, seen_dashdash, read_from_stdin, got_rev_arg = 0;
+	int i, flags, left, seen_dashdash, read_from_stdin, got_rev_arg = 0, revarg_opt;
 	struct cmdline_pathspec prune_data;
 	const char *submodule = NULL;
 
@@ -1734,6 +1793,9 @@
 
 	/* Second, deal with arguments and options */
 	flags = 0;
+	revarg_opt = opt ? opt->revarg_opt : 0;
+	if (seen_dashdash)
+		revarg_opt |= REVARG_CANNOT_BE_FILENAME;
 	read_from_stdin = 0;
 	for (left = i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
 		const char *arg = argv[i];
@@ -1769,7 +1831,8 @@
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		if (handle_revision_arg(arg, revs, flags, seen_dashdash)) {
+
+		if (handle_revision_arg(arg, revs, flags, revarg_opt)) {
 			int j;
 			if (seen_dashdash || *arg == '^')
 				die("bad revision '%s'", arg);
@@ -1781,7 +1844,7 @@
 			 * but the latter we have checked in the main loop.
 			 */
 			for (j = i; j < argc; j++)
-				verify_filename(revs->prefix, argv[j]);
+				verify_filename(revs->prefix, argv[j], j == i);
 
 			append_prune_data(&prune_data, argv + i);
 			break;
@@ -1820,11 +1883,11 @@
 	if (revs->def && !revs->pending.nr && !got_rev_arg) {
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
 		struct object *object;
-		unsigned mode;
-		if (get_sha1_with_mode(revs->def, sha1, &mode))
+		struct object_context oc;
+		if (get_sha1_with_context(revs->def, 0, sha1, &oc))
 			die("bad default revision '%s'", revs->def);
 		object = get_reference(revs, revs->def, sha1, 0);
-		add_pending_object_with_mode(revs, object, revs->def, mode);
+		add_pending_object_with_mode(revs, object, revs->def, oc.mode);
 	}
 
 	/* Did the user ask for any diff output? Run the diff! */
@@ -1851,9 +1914,10 @@
 	if (revs->combine_merges)
 		revs->ignore_merges = 0;
 	revs->diffopt.abbrev = revs->abbrev;
-	if (diff_setup_done(&revs->diffopt) < 0)
-		die("diff_setup_done failed");
+	diff_setup_done(&revs->diffopt);
 
+	grep_commit_pattern_type(GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED,
+				 &revs->grep_filter);
 	compile_grep_patterns(&revs->grep_filter);
 
 	if (revs->reverse && revs->reflog_info)
@@ -1869,6 +1933,8 @@
 
 	if (revs->reflog_info && revs->graph)
 		die("cannot combine --walk-reflogs with --graph");
+	if (!revs->reflog_info && revs->grep_filter.use_reflog_filter)
+		die("cannot use --grep-reflog without --walk-reflogs");
 
 	return left;
 }
@@ -1947,8 +2013,9 @@
 	}
 
 	/*
-	 * Do we know what commit all of our parents should be rewritten to?
-	 * Otherwise we are not ready to rewrite this one yet.
+	 * Do we know what commit all of our parents that matter
+	 * should be rewritten to?  Otherwise we are not ready to
+	 * rewrite this one yet.
 	 */
 	for (cnt = 0, p = commit->parents; p; p = p->next) {
 		pst = locate_simplify_state(revs, p->item);
@@ -1956,6 +2023,8 @@
 			tail = &commit_list_insert(p->item, tail)->next;
 			cnt++;
 		}
+		if (revs->first_parent_only)
+			break;
 	}
 	if (cnt) {
 		tail = &commit_list_insert(commit, tail)->next;
@@ -1968,8 +2037,14 @@
 	for (p = commit->parents; p; p = p->next) {
 		pst = locate_simplify_state(revs, p->item);
 		p->item = pst->simplified;
+		if (revs->first_parent_only)
+			break;
 	}
-	cnt = remove_duplicate_parents(commit);
+
+	if (revs->first_parent_only)
+		cnt = 1;
+	else
+		cnt = remove_duplicate_parents(commit);
 
 	/*
 	 * It is possible that we are a merge and one side branch
@@ -2013,25 +2088,31 @@
 
 static void simplify_merges(struct rev_info *revs)
 {
-	struct commit_list *list;
+	struct commit_list *list, *next;
 	struct commit_list *yet_to_do, **tail;
+	struct commit *commit;
 
-	if (!revs->topo_order)
-		sort_in_topological_order(&revs->commits, revs->lifo);
 	if (!revs->prune)
 		return;
 
 	/* feed the list reversed */
 	yet_to_do = NULL;
-	for (list = revs->commits; list; list = list->next)
-		commit_list_insert(list->item, &yet_to_do);
+	for (list = revs->commits; list; list = next) {
+		commit = list->item;
+		next = list->next;
+		/*
+		 * Do not free(list) here yet; the original list
+		 * is used later in this function.
+		 */
+		commit_list_insert(commit, &yet_to_do);
+	}
 	while (yet_to_do) {
 		list = yet_to_do;
 		yet_to_do = NULL;
 		tail = &yet_to_do;
 		while (list) {
-			struct commit *commit = list->item;
-			struct commit_list *next = list->next;
+			commit = list->item;
+			next = list->next;
 			free(list);
 			list = next;
 			tail = simplify_one(revs, commit, tail);
@@ -2043,9 +2124,10 @@
 	revs->commits = NULL;
 	tail = &revs->commits;
 	while (list) {
-		struct commit *commit = list->item;
-		struct commit_list *next = list->next;
 		struct merge_simplify_state *st;
+
+		commit = list->item;
+		next = list->next;
 		free(list);
 		list = next;
 		st = locate_simplify_state(revs, commit);
@@ -2091,10 +2173,11 @@
 		}
 		e++;
 	}
-	commit_list_sort_by_date(&revs->commits);
 	if (!revs->leak_pending)
 		free(list);
 
+	if (revs->no_walk != REVISION_WALK_NO_WALK_UNSORTED)
+		commit_list_sort_by_date(&revs->commits);
 	if (revs->no_walk)
 		return 0;
 	if (revs->limited)
@@ -2156,12 +2239,106 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int commit_rewrite_person(struct strbuf *buf, const char *what, struct string_list *mailmap)
+{
+	char *person, *endp;
+	size_t len, namelen, maillen;
+	const char *name;
+	const char *mail;
+	struct ident_split ident;
+
+	person = strstr(buf->buf, what);
+	if (!person)
+		return 0;
+
+	person += strlen(what);
+	endp = strchr(person, '\n');
+	if (!endp)
+		return 0;
+
+	len = endp - person;
+
+	if (split_ident_line(&ident, person, len))
+		return 0;
+
+	mail = ident.mail_begin;
+	maillen = ident.mail_end - ident.mail_begin;
+	name = ident.name_begin;
+	namelen = ident.name_end - ident.name_begin;
+
+	if (map_user(mailmap, &mail, &maillen, &name, &namelen)) {
+		struct strbuf namemail = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		strbuf_addf(&namemail, "%.*s <%.*s>",
+			    (int)namelen, name, (int)maillen, mail);
+
+		strbuf_splice(buf, ident.name_begin - buf->buf,
+			      ident.mail_end - ident.name_begin + 1,
+			      namemail.buf, namemail.len);
+
+		strbuf_release(&namemail);
+
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static int commit_match(struct commit *commit, struct rev_info *opt)
 {
+	int retval;
+	const char *encoding;
+	char *message;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
 	if (!opt->grep_filter.pattern_list && !opt->grep_filter.header_list)
 		return 1;
-	return grep_buffer(&opt->grep_filter,
-			   commit->buffer, strlen(commit->buffer));
+
+	/* Prepend "fake" headers as needed */
+	if (opt->grep_filter.use_reflog_filter) {
+		strbuf_addstr(&buf, "reflog ");
+		get_reflog_message(&buf, opt->reflog_info);
+		strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * We grep in the user's output encoding, under the assumption that it
+	 * is the encoding they are most likely to write their grep pattern
+	 * for. In addition, it means we will match the "notes" encoding below,
+	 * so we will not end up with a buffer that has two different encodings
+	 * in it.
+	 */
+	encoding = get_log_output_encoding();
+	message = logmsg_reencode(commit, NULL, encoding);
+
+	/* Copy the commit to temporary if we are using "fake" headers */
+	if (buf.len)
+		strbuf_addstr(&buf, message);
+
+	if (opt->grep_filter.header_list && opt->mailmap) {
+		if (!buf.len)
+			strbuf_addstr(&buf, message);
+
+		commit_rewrite_person(&buf, "\nauthor ", opt->mailmap);
+		commit_rewrite_person(&buf, "\ncommitter ", opt->mailmap);
+	}
+
+	/* Append "fake" message parts as needed */
+	if (opt->show_notes) {
+		if (!buf.len)
+			strbuf_addstr(&buf, message);
+		format_display_notes(commit->object.sha1, &buf, encoding, 1);
+	}
+
+	/* Find either in the original commit message, or in the temporary */
+	if (buf.len)
+		retval = grep_buffer(&opt->grep_filter, buf.buf, buf.len);
+	else
+		retval = grep_buffer(&opt->grep_filter,
+				     message, strlen(message));
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	logmsg_free(message, commit);
+	return retval;
 }
 
 static inline int want_ancestry(struct rev_info *revs)
@@ -2344,29 +2521,28 @@
 	}
 
 	/*
-	 * Now pick up what they want to give us
+	 * If our max_count counter has reached zero, then we are done. We
+	 * don't simply return NULL because we still might need to show
+	 * boundary commits. But we want to avoid calling get_revision_1, which
+	 * might do a considerable amount of work finding the next commit only
+	 * for us to throw it away.
+	 *
+	 * If it is non-zero, then either we don't have a max_count at all
+	 * (-1), or it is still counting, in which case we decrement.
 	 */
-	c = get_revision_1(revs);
-	if (c) {
-		while (0 < revs->skip_count) {
-			revs->skip_count--;
-			c = get_revision_1(revs);
-			if (!c)
-				break;
+	if (revs->max_count) {
+		c = get_revision_1(revs);
+		if (c) {
+			while (0 < revs->skip_count) {
+				revs->skip_count--;
+				c = get_revision_1(revs);
+				if (!c)
+					break;
+			}
 		}
-	}
 
-	/*
-	 * Check the max_count.
-	 */
-	switch (revs->max_count) {
-	case -1:
-		break;
-	case 0:
-		c = NULL;
-		break;
-	default:
-		revs->max_count--;
+		if (revs->max_count > 0)
+			revs->max_count--;
 	}
 
 	if (c)
diff --git a/revision.h b/revision.h
index 863f4f6..878a555 100644
--- a/revision.h
+++ b/revision.h
@@ -35,12 +35,17 @@
 			REV_CMD_PARENTS_ONLY,
 			REV_CMD_LEFT,
 			REV_CMD_RIGHT,
+			REV_CMD_MERGE_BASE,
 			REV_CMD_REV
 		} whence;
 		unsigned flags;
 	} *rev;
 };
 
+#define REVISION_WALK_WALK 0
+#define REVISION_WALK_NO_WALK_SORTED 1
+#define REVISION_WALK_NO_WALK_UNSORTED 2
+
 struct rev_info {
 	/* Starting list */
 	struct commit_list *commits;
@@ -62,7 +67,7 @@
 	/* Traversal flags */
 	unsigned int	dense:1,
 			prune:1,
-			no_walk:1,
+			no_walk:2,
 			show_all:1,
 			remove_empty_trees:1,
 			simplify_history:1,
@@ -107,6 +112,7 @@
 
 	/* Format info */
 	unsigned int	shown_one:1,
+			shown_dashes:1,
 			show_merge:1,
 			show_notes:1,
 			show_notes_given:1,
@@ -130,14 +136,16 @@
 	const char	*mime_boundary;
 	const char	*patch_suffix;
 	int		numbered_files;
+	int		reroll_count;
 	char		*message_id;
 	struct string_list *ref_message_ids;
-	const char	*add_signoff;
+	int		add_signoff;
 	const char	*extra_headers;
 	const char	*log_reencode;
 	const char	*subject_prefix;
 	int		no_inline;
 	int		show_log_size;
+	struct string_list *mailmap;
 
 	/* Filter by commit log message */
 	struct grep_opt	grep_filter;
@@ -184,6 +192,7 @@
 	void (*tweak)(struct rev_info *, struct setup_revision_opt *);
 	const char *submodule;
 	int assume_dashdash;
+	unsigned revarg_opt;
 };
 
 extern void init_revisions(struct rev_info *revs, const char *prefix);
@@ -191,7 +200,9 @@
 extern void parse_revision_opt(struct rev_info *revs, struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
 				 const struct option *options,
 				 const char * const usagestr[]);
-extern int handle_revision_arg(const char *arg, struct rev_info *revs,int flags,int cant_be_filename);
+#define REVARG_CANNOT_BE_FILENAME 01
+#define REVARG_COMMITTISH 02
+extern int handle_revision_arg(const char *arg, struct rev_info *revs, int flags, unsigned revarg_opt);
 
 extern void reset_revision_walk(void);
 extern int prepare_revision_walk(struct rev_info *revs);
diff --git a/run-command.c b/run-command.c
index 606791d..1b32a12 100644
--- a/run-command.c
+++ b/run-command.c
@@ -53,13 +53,14 @@
 
 static void clear_child_for_cleanup(pid_t pid)
 {
-	struct child_to_clean **last, *p;
+	struct child_to_clean **pp;
 
-	last = &children_to_clean;
-	for (p = children_to_clean; p; p = p->next) {
-		if (p->pid == pid) {
-			*last = p->next;
-			free(p);
+	for (pp = &children_to_clean; *pp; pp = &(*pp)->next) {
+		struct child_to_clean *clean_me = *pp;
+
+		if (clean_me->pid == pid) {
+			*pp = clean_me->next;
+			free(clean_me);
 			return;
 		}
 	}
@@ -139,6 +140,8 @@
 	 */
 	if (errno == EACCES && !strchr(file, '/'))
 		errno = exists_in_PATH(file) ? EACCES : ENOENT;
+	else if (errno == ENOTDIR && !strchr(file, '/'))
+		errno = ENOENT;
 	return -1;
 }
 
@@ -223,7 +226,7 @@
 		fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags | FD_CLOEXEC);
 }
 
-static int wait_or_whine(pid_t pid, const char *argv0, int silent_exec_failure)
+static int wait_or_whine(pid_t pid, const char *argv0)
 {
 	int status, code = -1;
 	pid_t waiting;
@@ -239,13 +242,14 @@
 		error("waitpid is confused (%s)", argv0);
 	} else if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
 		code = WTERMSIG(status);
-		error("%s died of signal %d", argv0, code);
+		if (code != SIGINT && code != SIGQUIT)
+			error("%s died of signal %d", argv0, code);
 		/*
 		 * This return value is chosen so that code & 0xff
 		 * mimics the exit code that a POSIX shell would report for
 		 * a program that died from this signal.
 		 */
-		code -= 128;
+		code += 128;
 	} else if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
 		code = WEXITSTATUS(status);
 		/*
@@ -269,7 +273,8 @@
 {
 	int need_in, need_out, need_err;
 	int fdin[2], fdout[2], fderr[2];
-	int failed_errno = failed_errno;
+	int failed_errno;
+	char *str;
 
 	/*
 	 * In case of errors we must keep the promise to close FDs
@@ -282,6 +287,7 @@
 			failed_errno = errno;
 			if (cmd->out > 0)
 				close(cmd->out);
+			str = "standard input";
 			goto fail_pipe;
 		}
 		cmd->in = fdin[1];
@@ -297,6 +303,7 @@
 				close_pair(fdin);
 			else if (cmd->in)
 				close(cmd->in);
+			str = "standard output";
 			goto fail_pipe;
 		}
 		cmd->out = fdout[0];
@@ -314,9 +321,10 @@
 				close_pair(fdout);
 			else if (cmd->out)
 				close(cmd->out);
+			str = "standard error";
 fail_pipe:
-			error("cannot create pipe for %s: %s",
-				cmd->argv[0], strerror(failed_errno));
+			error("cannot create %s pipe for %s: %s",
+				str, cmd->argv[0], strerror(failed_errno));
 			errno = failed_errno;
 			return -1;
 		}
@@ -333,6 +341,7 @@
 		notify_pipe[0] = notify_pipe[1] = -1;
 
 	cmd->pid = fork();
+	failed_errno = errno;
 	if (!cmd->pid) {
 		/*
 		 * Redirect the channel to write syscall error messages to
@@ -394,16 +403,6 @@
 					unsetenv(*cmd->env);
 			}
 		}
-		if (cmd->preexec_cb) {
-			/*
-			 * We cannot predict what the pre-exec callback does.
-			 * Forgo parent notification.
-			 */
-			close(child_notifier);
-			child_notifier = -1;
-
-			cmd->preexec_cb();
-		}
 		if (cmd->git_cmd) {
 			execv_git_cmd(cmd->argv);
 		} else if (cmd->use_shell) {
@@ -422,7 +421,7 @@
 	}
 	if (cmd->pid < 0)
 		error("cannot fork() for %s: %s", cmd->argv[0],
-			strerror(failed_errno = errno));
+			strerror(errno));
 	else if (cmd->clean_on_exit)
 		mark_child_for_cleanup(cmd->pid);
 
@@ -439,8 +438,7 @@
 		 * At this point we know that fork() succeeded, but execvp()
 		 * failed. Errors have been reported to our stderr.
 		 */
-		wait_or_whine(cmd->pid, cmd->argv[0],
-			      cmd->silent_exec_failure);
+		wait_or_whine(cmd->pid, cmd->argv[0]);
 		failed_errno = errno;
 		cmd->pid = -1;
 	}
@@ -545,7 +543,7 @@
 
 int finish_command(struct child_process *cmd)
 {
-	return wait_or_whine(cmd->pid, cmd->argv[0], cmd->silent_exec_failure);
+	return wait_or_whine(cmd->pid, cmd->argv[0]);
 }
 
 int run_command(struct child_process *cmd)
@@ -590,6 +588,7 @@
 static pthread_t main_thread;
 static int main_thread_set;
 static pthread_key_t async_key;
+static pthread_key_t async_die_counter;
 
 static void *run_thread(void *data)
 {
@@ -616,6 +615,14 @@
 
 	exit(128);
 }
+
+static int async_die_is_recursing(void)
+{
+	void *ret = pthread_getspecific(async_die_counter);
+	pthread_setspecific(async_die_counter, (void *)1);
+	return ret != NULL;
+}
+
 #endif
 
 int start_async(struct async *async)
@@ -697,7 +704,9 @@
 		main_thread_set = 1;
 		main_thread = pthread_self();
 		pthread_key_create(&async_key, NULL);
+		pthread_key_create(&async_die_counter, NULL);
 		set_die_routine(die_async);
+		set_die_is_recursing_routine(async_die_is_recursing);
 	}
 
 	if (proc_in >= 0)
@@ -732,7 +741,7 @@
 int finish_async(struct async *async)
 {
 #ifdef NO_PTHREADS
-	return wait_or_whine(async->pid, "child process", 0);
+	return wait_or_whine(async->pid, "child process");
 #else
 	void *ret = (void *)(intptr_t)(-1);
 
@@ -742,6 +751,15 @@
 #endif
 }
 
+char *find_hook(const char *name)
+{
+	char *path = git_path("hooks/%s", name);
+	if (access(path, X_OK) < 0)
+		path = NULL;
+
+	return path;
+}
+
 int run_hook(const char *index_file, const char *name, ...)
 {
 	struct child_process hook;
@@ -751,11 +769,13 @@
 	va_list args;
 	int ret;
 
-	if (access(git_path("hooks/%s", name), X_OK) < 0)
+	p = find_hook(name);
+	if (!p)
 		return 0;
 
+	argv_array_push(&argv, p);
+
 	va_start(args, name);
-	argv_array_push(&argv, git_path("hooks/%s", name));
 	while ((p = va_arg(args, const char *)))
 		argv_array_push(&argv, p);
 	va_end(args);
diff --git a/run-command.h b/run-command.h
index 44f7d2b..221ce33 100644
--- a/run-command.h
+++ b/run-command.h
@@ -39,13 +39,13 @@
 	unsigned stdout_to_stderr:1;
 	unsigned use_shell:1;
 	unsigned clean_on_exit:1;
-	void (*preexec_cb)(void);
 };
 
 int start_command(struct child_process *);
 int finish_command(struct child_process *);
 int run_command(struct child_process *);
 
+extern char *find_hook(const char *name);
 extern int run_hook(const char *index_file, const char *name, ...);
 
 #define RUN_COMMAND_NO_STDIN 1
diff --git a/send-pack.c b/send-pack.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d172ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/send-pack.c
@@ -0,0 +1,341 @@
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "pkt-line.h"
+#include "sideband.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "remote.h"
+#include "send-pack.h"
+#include "quote.h"
+#include "transport.h"
+#include "version.h"
+
+static int feed_object(const unsigned char *sha1, int fd, int negative)
+{
+	char buf[42];
+
+	if (negative && !has_sha1_file(sha1))
+		return 1;
+
+	memcpy(buf + negative, sha1_to_hex(sha1), 40);
+	if (negative)
+		buf[0] = '^';
+	buf[40 + negative] = '\n';
+	return write_or_whine(fd, buf, 41 + negative, "send-pack: send refs");
+}
+
+/*
+ * Make a pack stream and spit it out into file descriptor fd
+ */
+static int pack_objects(int fd, struct ref *refs, struct extra_have_objects *extra, struct send_pack_args *args)
+{
+	/*
+	 * The child becomes pack-objects --revs; we feed
+	 * the revision parameters to it via its stdin and
+	 * let its stdout go back to the other end.
+	 */
+	const char *argv[] = {
+		"pack-objects",
+		"--all-progress-implied",
+		"--revs",
+		"--stdout",
+		NULL,
+		NULL,
+		NULL,
+		NULL,
+		NULL,
+	};
+	struct child_process po;
+	int i;
+
+	i = 4;
+	if (args->use_thin_pack)
+		argv[i++] = "--thin";
+	if (args->use_ofs_delta)
+		argv[i++] = "--delta-base-offset";
+	if (args->quiet || !args->progress)
+		argv[i++] = "-q";
+	if (args->progress)
+		argv[i++] = "--progress";
+	memset(&po, 0, sizeof(po));
+	po.argv = argv;
+	po.in = -1;
+	po.out = args->stateless_rpc ? -1 : fd;
+	po.git_cmd = 1;
+	if (start_command(&po))
+		die_errno("git pack-objects failed");
+
+	/*
+	 * We feed the pack-objects we just spawned with revision
+	 * parameters by writing to the pipe.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < extra->nr; i++)
+		if (!feed_object(extra->array[i], po.in, 1))
+			break;
+
+	while (refs) {
+		if (!is_null_sha1(refs->old_sha1) &&
+		    !feed_object(refs->old_sha1, po.in, 1))
+			break;
+		if (!is_null_sha1(refs->new_sha1) &&
+		    !feed_object(refs->new_sha1, po.in, 0))
+			break;
+		refs = refs->next;
+	}
+
+	close(po.in);
+
+	if (args->stateless_rpc) {
+		char *buf = xmalloc(LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
+		while (1) {
+			ssize_t n = xread(po.out, buf, LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
+			if (n <= 0)
+				break;
+			send_sideband(fd, -1, buf, n, LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
+		}
+		free(buf);
+		close(po.out);
+		po.out = -1;
+	}
+
+	if (finish_command(&po))
+		return -1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int receive_status(int in, struct ref *refs)
+{
+	struct ref *hint;
+	int ret = 0;
+	char *line = packet_read_line(in, NULL);
+	if (prefixcmp(line, "unpack "))
+		return error("did not receive remote status");
+	if (strcmp(line, "unpack ok")) {
+		error("unpack failed: %s", line + 7);
+		ret = -1;
+	}
+	hint = NULL;
+	while (1) {
+		char *refname;
+		char *msg;
+		line = packet_read_line(in, NULL);
+		if (!line)
+			break;
+		if (prefixcmp(line, "ok ") && prefixcmp(line, "ng ")) {
+			error("invalid ref status from remote: %s", line);
+			ret = -1;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		refname = line + 3;
+		msg = strchr(refname, ' ');
+		if (msg)
+			*msg++ = '\0';
+
+		/* first try searching at our hint, falling back to all refs */
+		if (hint)
+			hint = find_ref_by_name(hint, refname);
+		if (!hint)
+			hint = find_ref_by_name(refs, refname);
+		if (!hint) {
+			warning("remote reported status on unknown ref: %s",
+					refname);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (hint->status != REF_STATUS_EXPECTING_REPORT) {
+			warning("remote reported status on unexpected ref: %s",
+					refname);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (line[0] == 'o' && line[1] == 'k')
+			hint->status = REF_STATUS_OK;
+		else {
+			hint->status = REF_STATUS_REMOTE_REJECT;
+			ret = -1;
+		}
+		if (msg)
+			hint->remote_status = xstrdup(msg);
+		/* start our next search from the next ref */
+		hint = hint->next;
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int sideband_demux(int in, int out, void *data)
+{
+	int *fd = data, ret;
+#ifdef NO_PTHREADS
+	close(fd[1]);
+#endif
+	ret = recv_sideband("send-pack", fd[0], out);
+	close(out);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int send_pack(struct send_pack_args *args,
+	      int fd[], struct child_process *conn,
+	      struct ref *remote_refs,
+	      struct extra_have_objects *extra_have)
+{
+	int in = fd[0];
+	int out = fd[1];
+	struct strbuf req_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct ref *ref;
+	int new_refs;
+	int allow_deleting_refs = 0;
+	int status_report = 0;
+	int use_sideband = 0;
+	int quiet_supported = 0;
+	int agent_supported = 0;
+	unsigned cmds_sent = 0;
+	int ret;
+	struct async demux;
+
+	/* Does the other end support the reporting? */
+	if (server_supports("report-status"))
+		status_report = 1;
+	if (server_supports("delete-refs"))
+		allow_deleting_refs = 1;
+	if (server_supports("ofs-delta"))
+		args->use_ofs_delta = 1;
+	if (server_supports("side-band-64k"))
+		use_sideband = 1;
+	if (server_supports("quiet"))
+		quiet_supported = 1;
+	if (server_supports("agent"))
+		agent_supported = 1;
+
+	if (!remote_refs) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "No refs in common and none specified; doing nothing.\n"
+			"Perhaps you should specify a branch such as 'master'.\n");
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Finally, tell the other end!
+	 */
+	new_refs = 0;
+	for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		if (!ref->peer_ref && !args->send_mirror)
+			continue;
+
+		/* Check for statuses set by set_ref_status_for_push() */
+		switch (ref->status) {
+		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD:
+		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS:
+		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_FETCH_FIRST:
+		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE:
+		case REF_STATUS_UPTODATE:
+			continue;
+		default:
+			; /* do nothing */
+		}
+
+		if (ref->deletion && !allow_deleting_refs) {
+			ref->status = REF_STATUS_REJECT_NODELETE;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (!ref->deletion)
+			new_refs++;
+
+		if (args->dry_run) {
+			ref->status = REF_STATUS_OK;
+		} else {
+			char *old_hex = sha1_to_hex(ref->old_sha1);
+			char *new_hex = sha1_to_hex(ref->new_sha1);
+			int quiet = quiet_supported && (args->quiet || !args->progress);
+
+			if (!cmds_sent && (status_report || use_sideband ||
+					   quiet || agent_supported)) {
+				packet_buf_write(&req_buf,
+						 "%s %s %s%c%s%s%s%s%s",
+						 old_hex, new_hex, ref->name, 0,
+						 status_report ? " report-status" : "",
+						 use_sideband ? " side-band-64k" : "",
+						 quiet ? " quiet" : "",
+						 agent_supported ? " agent=" : "",
+						 agent_supported ? git_user_agent_sanitized() : ""
+						);
+			}
+			else
+				packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "%s %s %s",
+						 old_hex, new_hex, ref->name);
+			ref->status = status_report ?
+				REF_STATUS_EXPECTING_REPORT :
+				REF_STATUS_OK;
+			cmds_sent++;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (args->stateless_rpc) {
+		if (!args->dry_run && cmds_sent) {
+			packet_buf_flush(&req_buf);
+			send_sideband(out, -1, req_buf.buf, req_buf.len, LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
+		}
+	} else {
+		write_or_die(out, req_buf.buf, req_buf.len);
+		packet_flush(out);
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&req_buf);
+
+	if (use_sideband && cmds_sent) {
+		memset(&demux, 0, sizeof(demux));
+		demux.proc = sideband_demux;
+		demux.data = fd;
+		demux.out = -1;
+		if (start_async(&demux))
+			die("send-pack: unable to fork off sideband demultiplexer");
+		in = demux.out;
+	}
+
+	if (new_refs && cmds_sent) {
+		if (pack_objects(out, remote_refs, extra_have, args) < 0) {
+			for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next)
+				ref->status = REF_STATUS_NONE;
+			if (args->stateless_rpc)
+				close(out);
+			if (git_connection_is_socket(conn))
+				shutdown(fd[0], SHUT_WR);
+			if (use_sideband)
+				finish_async(&demux);
+			return -1;
+		}
+	}
+	if (args->stateless_rpc && cmds_sent)
+		packet_flush(out);
+
+	if (status_report && cmds_sent)
+		ret = receive_status(in, remote_refs);
+	else
+		ret = 0;
+	if (args->stateless_rpc)
+		packet_flush(out);
+
+	if (use_sideband && cmds_sent) {
+		if (finish_async(&demux)) {
+			error("error in sideband demultiplexer");
+			ret = -1;
+		}
+		close(demux.out);
+	}
+
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
+
+	if (args->porcelain)
+		return 0;
+
+	for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		switch (ref->status) {
+		case REF_STATUS_NONE:
+		case REF_STATUS_UPTODATE:
+		case REF_STATUS_OK:
+			break;
+		default:
+			return -1;
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/sequencer.c b/sequencer.c
index bf078f2..f7be7d8 100644
--- a/sequencer.c
+++ b/sequencer.c
@@ -17,7 +17,92 @@
 
 #define GIT_REFLOG_ACTION "GIT_REFLOG_ACTION"
 
-void remove_sequencer_state(void)
+const char sign_off_header[] = "Signed-off-by: ";
+static const char cherry_picked_prefix[] = "(cherry picked from commit ";
+
+static int is_rfc2822_line(const char *buf, int len)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+		int ch = buf[i];
+		if (ch == ':')
+			return 1;
+		if (!isalnum(ch) && ch != '-')
+			break;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int is_cherry_picked_from_line(const char *buf, int len)
+{
+	/*
+	 * We only care that it looks roughly like (cherry picked from ...)
+	 */
+	return len > strlen(cherry_picked_prefix) + 1 &&
+		!prefixcmp(buf, cherry_picked_prefix) && buf[len - 1] == ')';
+}
+
+/*
+ * Returns 0 for non-conforming footer
+ * Returns 1 for conforming footer
+ * Returns 2 when sob exists within conforming footer
+ * Returns 3 when sob exists within conforming footer as last entry
+ */
+static int has_conforming_footer(struct strbuf *sb, struct strbuf *sob,
+	int ignore_footer)
+{
+	char prev;
+	int i, k;
+	int len = sb->len - ignore_footer;
+	const char *buf = sb->buf;
+	int found_sob = 0;
+
+	/* footer must end with newline */
+	if (!len || buf[len - 1] != '\n')
+		return 0;
+
+	prev = '\0';
+	for (i = len - 1; i > 0; i--) {
+		char ch = buf[i];
+		if (prev == '\n' && ch == '\n') /* paragraph break */
+			break;
+		prev = ch;
+	}
+
+	/* require at least one blank line */
+	if (prev != '\n' || buf[i] != '\n')
+		return 0;
+
+	/* advance to start of last paragraph */
+	while (i < len - 1 && buf[i] == '\n')
+		i++;
+
+	for (; i < len; i = k) {
+		int found_rfc2822;
+
+		for (k = i; k < len && buf[k] != '\n'; k++)
+			; /* do nothing */
+		k++;
+
+		found_rfc2822 = is_rfc2822_line(buf + i, k - i - 1);
+		if (found_rfc2822 && sob &&
+		    !strncmp(buf + i, sob->buf, sob->len))
+			found_sob = k;
+
+		if (!(found_rfc2822 ||
+		      is_cherry_picked_from_line(buf + i, k - i - 1)))
+			return 0;
+	}
+	if (found_sob == i)
+		return 3;
+	if (found_sob)
+		return 2;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static void remove_sequencer_state(void)
 {
 	struct strbuf seq_dir = STRBUF_INIT;
 
@@ -58,7 +143,7 @@
 
 	out->reencoded_message = NULL;
 	out->message = commit->buffer;
-	if (strcmp(encoding, git_commit_encoding))
+	if (same_encoding(encoding, git_commit_encoding))
 		out->reencoded_message = reencode_string(commit->buffer,
 					git_commit_encoding, encoding);
 	if (out->reencoded_message)
@@ -131,7 +216,7 @@
 	if (msg) {
 		fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", msg);
 		/*
-		 * A conflict has occured but the porcelain
+		 * A conflict has occurred but the porcelain
 		 * (typically rebase --interactive) wants to take care
 		 * of the commit itself so remove CHERRY_PICK_HEAD
 		 */
@@ -184,14 +269,15 @@
 	return -1;
 }
 
-static int fast_forward_to(const unsigned char *to, const unsigned char *from)
+static int fast_forward_to(const unsigned char *to, const unsigned char *from,
+			   int unborn)
 {
 	struct ref_lock *ref_lock;
 
 	read_cache();
-	if (checkout_fast_forward(from, to))
+	if (checkout_fast_forward(from, to, 1))
 		exit(1); /* the callee should have complained already */
-	ref_lock = lock_any_ref_for_update("HEAD", from, 0);
+	ref_lock = lock_any_ref_for_update("HEAD", unborn ? null_sha1 : from, 0);
 	return write_ref_sha1(ref_lock, to, "cherry-pick");
 }
 
@@ -233,6 +319,9 @@
 		die(_("%s: Unable to write new index file"), action_name(opts));
 	rollback_lock_file(&index_lock);
 
+	if (opts->signoff)
+		append_signoff(msgbuf, 0, 0);
+
 	if (!clean) {
 		int i;
 		strbuf_addstr(msgbuf, "\nConflicts:\n");
@@ -311,6 +400,9 @@
 	if (allow_empty)
 		argv_array_push(&array, "--allow-empty");
 
+	if (opts->allow_empty_message)
+		argv_array_push(&array, "--allow-empty-message");
+
 	rc = run_command_v_opt(array.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD);
 	argv_array_clear(&array);
 	return rc;
@@ -382,7 +474,7 @@
 	struct commit_message msg = { NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL };
 	char *defmsg = NULL;
 	struct strbuf msgbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	int res;
+	int res, unborn = 0, allow;
 
 	if (opts->no_commit) {
 		/*
@@ -394,9 +486,10 @@
 		if (write_cache_as_tree(head, 0, NULL))
 			die (_("Your index file is unmerged."));
 	} else {
-		if (get_sha1("HEAD", head))
-			return error(_("You do not have a valid HEAD"));
-		if (index_differs_from("HEAD", 0))
+		unborn = get_sha1("HEAD", head);
+		if (unborn)
+			hashcpy(head, EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN);
+		if (index_differs_from(unborn ? EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_HEX : "HEAD", 0))
 			return error_dirty_index(opts);
 	}
 	discard_cache();
@@ -427,8 +520,10 @@
 	else
 		parent = commit->parents->item;
 
-	if (opts->allow_ff && parent && !hashcmp(parent->object.sha1, head))
-		return fast_forward_to(commit->object.sha1, head);
+	if (opts->allow_ff &&
+	    ((parent && !hashcmp(parent->object.sha1, head)) ||
+	     (!parent && unborn)))
+	     return fast_forward_to(commit->object.sha1, head, unborn);
 
 	if (parent && parse_commit(parent) < 0)
 		/* TRANSLATORS: The first %s will be "revert" or
@@ -484,7 +579,9 @@
 		}
 
 		if (opts->record_origin) {
-			strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, "(cherry picked from commit ");
+			if (!has_conforming_footer(&msgbuf, NULL, 0))
+				strbuf_addch(&msgbuf, '\n');
+			strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, cherry_picked_prefix);
 			strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
 			strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, ")\n");
 		}
@@ -527,14 +624,18 @@
 		      msg.subject);
 		print_advice(res == 1, opts);
 		rerere(opts->allow_rerere_auto);
-	} else {
-		int allow = allow_empty(opts, commit);
-		if (allow < 0)
-			return allow;
-		if (!opts->no_commit)
-			res = run_git_commit(defmsg, opts, allow);
+		goto leave;
 	}
 
+	allow = allow_empty(opts, commit);
+	if (allow < 0) {
+		res = allow;
+		goto leave;
+	}
+	if (!opts->no_commit)
+		res = run_git_commit(defmsg, opts, allow);
+
+leave:
 	free_message(&msg);
 	free(defmsg);
 
@@ -543,7 +644,11 @@
 
 static void prepare_revs(struct replay_opts *opts)
 {
-	if (opts->action != REPLAY_REVERT)
+	/*
+	 * picking (but not reverting) ranges (but not individual revisions)
+	 * should be done in reverse
+	 */
+	if (opts->action == REPLAY_PICK && !opts->revs->no_walk)
 		opts->revs->reverse ^= 1;
 
 	if (prepare_revision_walk(opts->revs))
@@ -946,6 +1051,7 @@
 {
 	struct commit_list *todo_list = NULL;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	int i;
 
 	if (opts->subcommand == REPLAY_NONE)
 		assert(opts->revs);
@@ -966,6 +1072,23 @@
 	if (opts->subcommand == REPLAY_CONTINUE)
 		return sequencer_continue(opts);
 
+	for (i = 0; i < opts->revs->pending.nr; i++) {
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		const char *name = opts->revs->pending.objects[i].name;
+
+		/* This happens when using --stdin. */
+		if (!strlen(name))
+			continue;
+
+		if (!get_sha1(name, sha1)) {
+			if (!lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1, 1)) {
+				enum object_type type = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
+				die(_("%s: can't cherry-pick a %s"), name, typename(type));
+			}
+		} else
+			die(_("%s: bad revision"), name);
+	}
+
 	/*
 	 * If we were called as "git cherry-pick <commit>", just
 	 * cherry-pick/revert it, set CHERRY_PICK_HEAD /
@@ -1004,3 +1127,68 @@
 	save_opts(opts);
 	return pick_commits(todo_list, opts);
 }
+
+void append_signoff(struct strbuf *msgbuf, int ignore_footer, unsigned flag)
+{
+	unsigned no_dup_sob = flag & APPEND_SIGNOFF_DEDUP;
+	struct strbuf sob = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int has_footer;
+
+	strbuf_addstr(&sob, sign_off_header);
+	strbuf_addstr(&sob, fmt_name(getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_NAME"),
+				getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL")));
+	strbuf_addch(&sob, '\n');
+
+	/*
+	 * If the whole message buffer is equal to the sob, pretend that we
+	 * found a conforming footer with a matching sob
+	 */
+	if (msgbuf->len - ignore_footer == sob.len &&
+	    !strncmp(msgbuf->buf, sob.buf, sob.len))
+		has_footer = 3;
+	else
+		has_footer = has_conforming_footer(msgbuf, &sob, ignore_footer);
+
+	if (!has_footer) {
+		const char *append_newlines = NULL;
+		size_t len = msgbuf->len - ignore_footer;
+
+		if (!len) {
+			/*
+			 * The buffer is completely empty.  Leave foom for
+			 * the title and body to be filled in by the user.
+			 */
+			append_newlines = "\n\n";
+		} else if (msgbuf->buf[len - 1] != '\n') {
+			/*
+			 * Incomplete line.  Complete the line and add a
+			 * blank one so that there is an empty line between
+			 * the message body and the sob.
+			 */
+			append_newlines = "\n\n";
+		} else if (len == 1) {
+			/*
+			 * Buffer contains a single newline.  Add another
+			 * so that we leave room for the title and body.
+			 */
+			append_newlines = "\n";
+		} else if (msgbuf->buf[len - 2] != '\n') {
+			/*
+			 * Buffer ends with a single newline.  Add another
+			 * so that there is an empty line between the message
+			 * body and the sob.
+			 */
+			append_newlines = "\n";
+		} /* else, the buffer already ends with two newlines. */
+
+		if (append_newlines)
+			strbuf_splice(msgbuf, msgbuf->len - ignore_footer, 0,
+				append_newlines, strlen(append_newlines));
+	}
+
+	if (has_footer != 3 && (!no_dup_sob || has_footer != 2))
+		strbuf_splice(msgbuf, msgbuf->len - ignore_footer, 0,
+				sob.buf, sob.len);
+
+	strbuf_release(&sob);
+}
diff --git a/sequencer.h b/sequencer.h
index aa5f17c..1fc22dc 100644
--- a/sequencer.h
+++ b/sequencer.h
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
 #define SEQ_TODO_FILE	"sequencer/todo"
 #define SEQ_OPTS_FILE	"sequencer/opts"
 
+#define APPEND_SIGNOFF_DEDUP (1u << 0)
+
 enum replay_action {
 	REPLAY_REVERT,
 	REPLAY_PICK
@@ -30,6 +32,7 @@
 	int allow_ff;
 	int allow_rerere_auto;
 	int allow_empty;
+	int allow_empty_message;
 	int keep_redundant_commits;
 
 	int mainline;
@@ -43,9 +46,10 @@
 	struct rev_info *revs;
 };
 
-/* Removes SEQ_DIR. */
-extern void remove_sequencer_state(void);
-
 int sequencer_pick_revisions(struct replay_opts *opts);
 
+extern const char sign_off_header[];
+
+void append_signoff(struct strbuf *msgbuf, int ignore_footer, unsigned flag);
+
 #endif
diff --git a/setup.c b/setup.c
index 731851a..94c1e61 100644
--- a/setup.c
+++ b/setup.c
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "dir.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
 
 static int inside_git_dir = -1;
 static int inside_work_tree = -1;
 
-char *prefix_path(const char *prefix, int len, const char *path)
+static char *prefix_path_gently(const char *prefix, int len, const char *path)
 {
 	const char *orig = path;
 	char *sanitized;
@@ -31,7 +32,8 @@
 		if (strncmp(sanitized, work_tree, len) ||
 		    (len > root_len && sanitized[len] != '\0' && sanitized[len] != '/')) {
 		error_out:
-			die("'%s' is outside repository", orig);
+			free(sanitized);
+			return NULL;
 		}
 		if (sanitized[len] == '/')
 			len++;
@@ -40,12 +42,38 @@
 	return sanitized;
 }
 
+char *prefix_path(const char *prefix, int len, const char *path)
+{
+	char *r = prefix_path_gently(prefix, len, path);
+	if (!r)
+		die("'%s' is outside repository", path);
+	return r;
+}
+
+int path_inside_repo(const char *prefix, const char *path)
+{
+	int len = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
+	char *r = prefix_path_gently(prefix, len, path);
+	if (r) {
+		free(r);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
 int check_filename(const char *prefix, const char *arg)
 {
 	const char *name;
 	struct stat st;
 
-	name = prefix ? prefix_filename(prefix, strlen(prefix), arg) : arg;
+	if (!prefixcmp(arg, ":/")) {
+		if (arg[2] == '\0') /* ":/" is root dir, always exists */
+			return 1;
+		name = arg + 2;
+	} else if (prefix)
+		name = prefix_filename(prefix, strlen(prefix), arg);
+	else
+		name = arg;
 	if (!lstat(name, &st))
 		return 1; /* file exists */
 	if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
@@ -53,24 +81,27 @@
 	die_errno("failed to stat '%s'", arg);
 }
 
-static void NORETURN die_verify_filename(const char *prefix, const char *arg)
+static void NORETURN die_verify_filename(const char *prefix,
+					 const char *arg,
+					 int diagnose_misspelt_rev)
 {
-	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	unsigned mode;
-
+	if (!diagnose_misspelt_rev)
+		die("%s: no such path in the working tree.\n"
+		    "Use 'git <command> -- <path>...' to specify paths that do not exist locally.",
+		    arg);
 	/*
 	 * Saying "'(icase)foo' does not exist in the index" when the
 	 * user gave us ":(icase)foo" is just stupid.  A magic pathspec
 	 * begins with a colon and is followed by a non-alnum; do not
-	 * let get_sha1_with_mode_1(only_to_die=1) to even trigger.
+	 * let maybe_die_on_misspelt_object_name() even trigger.
 	 */
 	if (!(arg[0] == ':' && !isalnum(arg[1])))
-		/* try a detailed diagnostic ... */
-		get_sha1_with_mode_1(arg, sha1, &mode, 1, prefix);
+		maybe_die_on_misspelt_object_name(arg, prefix);
 
 	/* ... or fall back the most general message. */
 	die("ambiguous argument '%s': unknown revision or path not in the working tree.\n"
-	    "Use '--' to separate paths from revisions", arg);
+	    "Use '--' to separate paths from revisions, like this:\n"
+	    "'git <command> [<revision>...] -- [<file>...]'", arg);
 
 }
 
@@ -80,14 +111,29 @@
  * as true, because even if such a filename were to exist, we want
  * it to be preceded by the "--" marker (or we want the user to
  * use a format like "./-filename")
+ *
+ * The "diagnose_misspelt_rev" is used to provide a user-friendly
+ * diagnosis when dying upon finding that "name" is not a pathname.
+ * If set to 1, the diagnosis will try to diagnose "name" as an
+ * invalid object name (e.g. HEAD:foo). If set to 0, the diagnosis
+ * will only complain about an inexisting file.
+ *
+ * This function is typically called to check that a "file or rev"
+ * argument is unambiguous. In this case, the caller will want
+ * diagnose_misspelt_rev == 1 when verifying the first non-rev
+ * argument (which could have been a revision), and
+ * diagnose_misspelt_rev == 0 for the next ones (because we already
+ * saw a filename, there's not ambiguity anymore).
  */
-void verify_filename(const char *prefix, const char *arg)
+void verify_filename(const char *prefix,
+		     const char *arg,
+		     int diagnose_misspelt_rev)
 {
 	if (*arg == '-')
 		die("bad flag '%s' used after filename", arg);
 	if (check_filename(prefix, arg))
 		return;
-	die_verify_filename(prefix, arg);
+	die_verify_filename(prefix, arg, diagnose_misspelt_rev);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -104,7 +150,8 @@
 	if (!check_filename(prefix, arg))
 		return;
 	die("ambiguous argument '%s': both revision and filename\n"
-	    "Use '--' to separate filenames from revisions", arg);
+	    "Use '--' to separate paths from revisions, like this:\n"
+	    "'git <command> [<revision>...] -- [<file>...]'", arg);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -160,10 +207,11 @@
 		     *copyfrom && *copyfrom != ')';
 		     copyfrom = nextat) {
 			size_t len = strcspn(copyfrom, ",)");
-			if (copyfrom[len] == ')')
-				nextat = copyfrom + len;
-			else
+			if (copyfrom[len] == ',')
 				nextat = copyfrom + len + 1;
+			else
+				/* handle ')' and '\0' */
+				nextat = copyfrom + len;
 			if (!len)
 				continue;
 			for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(pathspec_magic); i++)
@@ -176,8 +224,9 @@
 				die("Invalid pathspec magic '%.*s' in '%s'",
 				    (int) len, copyfrom, elt);
 		}
-		if (*copyfrom == ')')
-			copyfrom++;
+		if (*copyfrom != ')')
+			die("Missing ')' at the end of pathspec magic in '%s'", elt);
+		copyfrom++;
 	} else {
 		/* shorthand */
 		for (copyfrom = elt + 1;
@@ -206,6 +255,25 @@
 		return prefix_path(prefix, prefixlen, copyfrom);
 }
 
+/*
+ * N.B. get_pathspec() is deprecated in favor of the "struct pathspec"
+ * based interface - see pathspec_magic above.
+ *
+ * Arguments:
+ *  - prefix - a path relative to the root of the working tree
+ *  - pathspec - a list of paths underneath the prefix path
+ *
+ * Iterates over pathspec, prepending each path with prefix,
+ * and return the resulting list.
+ *
+ * If pathspec is empty, return a singleton list containing prefix.
+ *
+ * If pathspec and prefix are both empty, return an empty list.
+ *
+ * This is typically used by built-in commands such as add.c, in order
+ * to normalize argv arguments provided to the built-in into a list of
+ * paths to process, all relative to the root of the working tree.
+ */
 const char **get_pathspec(const char *prefix, const char **pathspec)
 {
 	const char *entry = *pathspec;
@@ -457,6 +525,12 @@
 			set_git_work_tree(core_worktree);
 		}
 	}
+	else if (!git_env_bool(GIT_IMPLICIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT, 1)) {
+		/* #16d */
+		set_git_dir(gitdirenv);
+		free(gitfile);
+		return NULL;
+	}
 	else /* #2, #10 */
 		set_git_work_tree(".");
 
@@ -535,6 +609,8 @@
 	if (check_repository_format_gently(".", nongit_ok))
 		return NULL;
 
+	setenv(GIT_IMPLICIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT, "0", 1);
+
 	/* --work-tree is set without --git-dir; use discovered one */
 	if (getenv(GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT) || git_work_tree_cfg) {
 		const char *gitdir;
@@ -582,16 +658,48 @@
 }
 
 /*
+ * A "string_list_each_func_t" function that canonicalizes an entry
+ * from GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES using real_path_if_valid(), or
+ * discards it if unusable.  The presence of an empty entry in
+ * GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES turns off canonicalization for all
+ * subsequent entries.
+ */
+static int canonicalize_ceiling_entry(struct string_list_item *item,
+				      void *cb_data)
+{
+	int *empty_entry_found = cb_data;
+	char *ceil = item->string;
+
+	if (!*ceil) {
+		*empty_entry_found = 1;
+		return 0;
+	} else if (!is_absolute_path(ceil)) {
+		return 0;
+	} else if (*empty_entry_found) {
+		/* Keep entry but do not canonicalize it */
+		return 1;
+	} else {
+		const char *real_path = real_path_if_valid(ceil);
+		if (!real_path)
+			return 0;
+		free(item->string);
+		item->string = xstrdup(real_path);
+		return 1;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
  * We cannot decide in this function whether we are in the work tree or
  * not, since the config can only be read _after_ this function was called.
  */
 static const char *setup_git_directory_gently_1(int *nongit_ok)
 {
 	const char *env_ceiling_dirs = getenv(CEILING_DIRECTORIES_ENVIRONMENT);
+	struct string_list ceiling_dirs = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 	static char cwd[PATH_MAX+1];
 	const char *gitdirenv, *ret;
 	char *gitfile;
-	int len, offset, offset_parent, ceil_offset;
+	int len, offset, offset_parent, ceil_offset = -1;
 	dev_t current_device = 0;
 	int one_filesystem = 1;
 
@@ -616,7 +724,16 @@
 	if (gitdirenv)
 		return setup_explicit_git_dir(gitdirenv, cwd, len, nongit_ok);
 
-	ceil_offset = longest_ancestor_length(cwd, env_ceiling_dirs);
+	if (env_ceiling_dirs) {
+		int empty_entry_found = 0;
+
+		string_list_split(&ceiling_dirs, env_ceiling_dirs, PATH_SEP, -1);
+		filter_string_list(&ceiling_dirs, 0,
+				   canonicalize_ceiling_entry, &empty_entry_found);
+		ceil_offset = longest_ancestor_length(cwd, &ceiling_dirs);
+		string_list_clear(&ceiling_dirs, 0);
+	}
+
 	if (ceil_offset < 0 && has_dos_drive_prefix(cwd))
 		ceil_offset = 1;
 
@@ -687,9 +804,9 @@
 
 	prefix = setup_git_directory_gently_1(nongit_ok);
 	if (prefix)
-		setenv("GIT_PREFIX", prefix, 1);
+		setenv(GIT_PREFIX_ENVIRONMENT, prefix, 1);
 	else
-		setenv("GIT_PREFIX", "", 1);
+		setenv(GIT_PREFIX_ENVIRONMENT, "", 1);
 
 	if (startup_info) {
 		startup_info->have_repository = !nongit_ok || !*nongit_ok;
diff --git a/sha1-array.c b/sha1-array.c
index b2f47f9..6f4a224 100644
--- a/sha1-array.c
+++ b/sha1-array.c
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 	return hashcmp(a, b);
 }
 
-void sha1_array_sort(struct sha1_array *array)
+static void sha1_array_sort(struct sha1_array *array)
 {
 	qsort(array->sha1, array->nr, sizeof(*array->sha1), void_hashcmp);
 	array->sorted = 1;
diff --git a/sha1-array.h b/sha1-array.h
index 4499b5d..72bb33b 100644
--- a/sha1-array.h
+++ b/sha1-array.h
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
 #define SHA1_ARRAY_INIT { NULL, 0, 0, 0 }
 
 void sha1_array_append(struct sha1_array *array, const unsigned char *sha1);
-void sha1_array_sort(struct sha1_array *array);
 int sha1_array_lookup(struct sha1_array *array, const unsigned char *sha1);
 void sha1_array_clear(struct sha1_array *array);
 
diff --git a/sha1_file.c b/sha1_file.c
index 4ccaf7a..b114cc9 100644
--- a/sha1_file.c
+++ b/sha1_file.c
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
  * creation etc.
  */
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
 #include "delta.h"
 #include "pack.h"
 #include "blob.h"
@@ -20,6 +21,7 @@
 #include "sha1-lookup.h"
 #include "bulk-checkin.h"
 #include "streaming.h"
+#include "dir.h"
 
 #ifndef O_NOATIME
 #if defined(__linux__) && (defined(__i386__) || defined(__PPC__))
@@ -122,8 +124,13 @@
 			}
 		}
 		else if (mkdir(path, 0777)) {
-			*pos = '/';
-			return -1;
+			if (errno == EEXIST &&
+			    !stat(path, &st) && S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
+				; /* somebody created it since we checked */
+			} else {
+				*pos = '/';
+				return -1;
+			}
 		}
 		else if (adjust_shared_perm(path)) {
 			*pos = '/';
@@ -246,7 +253,7 @@
  * SHA1, an extra slash for the first level indirection, and the
  * terminating NUL.
  */
-static int link_alt_odb_entry(const char * entry, int len, const char * relative_base, int depth)
+static int link_alt_odb_entry(const char *entry, const char *relative_base, int depth)
 {
 	const char *objdir = get_object_directory();
 	struct alternate_object_database *ent;
@@ -258,7 +265,7 @@
 		strbuf_addstr(&pathbuf, real_path(relative_base));
 		strbuf_addch(&pathbuf, '/');
 	}
-	strbuf_add(&pathbuf, entry, len);
+	strbuf_addstr(&pathbuf, entry);
 
 	normalize_path_copy(pathbuf.buf, pathbuf.buf);
 
@@ -298,7 +305,7 @@
 			return -1;
 		}
 	}
-	if (!memcmp(ent->base, objdir, pfxlen)) {
+	if (!strcmp(ent->base, objdir)) {
 		free(ent);
 		return -1;
 	}
@@ -316,10 +323,12 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void link_alt_odb_entries(const char *alt, const char *ep, int sep,
+static void link_alt_odb_entries(const char *alt, int len, int sep,
 				 const char *relative_base, int depth)
 {
-	const char *cp, *last;
+	struct string_list entries = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	char *alt_copy;
+	int i;
 
 	if (depth > 5) {
 		error("%s: ignoring alternate object stores, nesting too deep.",
@@ -327,30 +336,21 @@
 		return;
 	}
 
-	last = alt;
-	while (last < ep) {
-		cp = last;
-		if (cp < ep && *cp == '#') {
-			while (cp < ep && *cp != sep)
-				cp++;
-			last = cp + 1;
+	alt_copy = xmemdupz(alt, len);
+	string_list_split_in_place(&entries, alt_copy, sep, -1);
+	for (i = 0; i < entries.nr; i++) {
+		const char *entry = entries.items[i].string;
+		if (entry[0] == '\0' || entry[0] == '#')
 			continue;
+		if (!is_absolute_path(entry) && depth) {
+			error("%s: ignoring relative alternate object store %s",
+					relative_base, entry);
+		} else {
+			link_alt_odb_entry(entry, relative_base, depth);
 		}
-		while (cp < ep && *cp != sep)
-			cp++;
-		if (last != cp) {
-			if (!is_absolute_path(last) && depth) {
-				error("%s: ignoring relative alternate object store %s",
-						relative_base, last);
-			} else {
-				link_alt_odb_entry(last, cp - last,
-						relative_base, depth);
-			}
-		}
-		while (cp < ep && *cp == sep)
-			cp++;
-		last = cp;
 	}
+	string_list_clear(&entries, 0);
+	free(alt_copy);
 }
 
 void read_info_alternates(const char * relative_base, int depth)
@@ -377,7 +377,7 @@
 	map = xmmap(NULL, mapsz, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
 	close(fd);
 
-	link_alt_odb_entries(map, map + mapsz, '\n', relative_base, depth);
+	link_alt_odb_entries(map, mapsz, '\n', relative_base, depth);
 
 	munmap(map, mapsz);
 }
@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@
 	if (commit_lock_file(lock))
 		die("could not close alternates file");
 	if (alt_odb_tail)
-		link_alt_odb_entries(alt, alt + strlen(alt), '\n', NULL, 0);
+		link_alt_odb_entries(alt, strlen(alt), '\n', NULL, 0);
 }
 
 void foreach_alt_odb(alt_odb_fn fn, void *cb)
@@ -415,7 +415,7 @@
 	if (!alt) alt = "";
 
 	alt_odb_tail = &alt_odb_list;
-	link_alt_odb_entries(alt, alt + strlen(alt), PATH_SEP, NULL, 0);
+	link_alt_odb_entries(alt, strlen(alt), PATH_SEP, NULL, 0);
 
 	read_info_alternates(get_object_directory(), 0);
 }
@@ -731,6 +731,24 @@
 	}
 }
 
+static unsigned int get_max_fd_limit(void)
+{
+#ifdef RLIMIT_NOFILE
+	struct rlimit lim;
+
+	if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &lim))
+		die_errno("cannot get RLIMIT_NOFILE");
+
+	return lim.rlim_cur;
+#elif defined(_SC_OPEN_MAX)
+	return sysconf(_SC_OPEN_MAX);
+#elif defined(OPEN_MAX)
+	return OPEN_MAX;
+#else
+	return 1; /* see the caller ;-) */
+#endif
+}
+
 /*
  * Do not call this directly as this leaks p->pack_fd on error return;
  * call open_packed_git() instead.
@@ -747,13 +765,7 @@
 		return error("packfile %s index unavailable", p->pack_name);
 
 	if (!pack_max_fds) {
-		struct rlimit lim;
-		unsigned int max_fds;
-
-		if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &lim))
-			die_errno("cannot get RLIMIT_NOFILE");
-
-		max_fds = lim.rlim_cur;
+		unsigned int max_fds = get_max_fd_limit();
 
 		/* Save 3 for stdin/stdout/stderr, 22 for work */
 		if (25 < max_fds)
@@ -994,6 +1006,63 @@
 	packed_git = pack;
 }
 
+void (*report_garbage)(const char *desc, const char *path);
+
+static void report_helper(const struct string_list *list,
+			  int seen_bits, int first, int last)
+{
+	const char *msg;
+	switch (seen_bits) {
+	case 0:
+		msg = "no corresponding .idx nor .pack";
+		break;
+	case 1:
+		msg = "no corresponding .idx";
+		break;
+	case 2:
+		msg = "no corresponding .pack";
+		break;
+	default:
+		return;
+	}
+	for (; first < last; first++)
+		report_garbage(msg, list->items[first].string);
+}
+
+static void report_pack_garbage(struct string_list *list)
+{
+	int i, baselen = -1, first = 0, seen_bits = 0;
+
+	if (!report_garbage)
+		return;
+
+	sort_string_list(list);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < list->nr; i++) {
+		const char *path = list->items[i].string;
+		if (baselen != -1 &&
+		    strncmp(path, list->items[first].string, baselen)) {
+			report_helper(list, seen_bits, first, i);
+			baselen = -1;
+			seen_bits = 0;
+		}
+		if (baselen == -1) {
+			const char *dot = strrchr(path, '.');
+			if (!dot) {
+				report_garbage("garbage found", path);
+				continue;
+			}
+			baselen = dot - path + 1;
+			first = i;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp(path + baselen, "pack"))
+			seen_bits |= 1;
+		else if (!strcmp(path + baselen, "idx"))
+			seen_bits |= 2;
+	}
+	report_helper(list, seen_bits, first, list->nr);
+}
+
 static void prepare_packed_git_one(char *objdir, int local)
 {
 	/* Ensure that this buffer is large enough so that we can
@@ -1003,6 +1072,7 @@
 	int len;
 	DIR *dir;
 	struct dirent *de;
+	struct string_list garbage = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 
 	sprintf(path, "%s/pack", objdir);
 	len = strlen(path);
@@ -1018,29 +1088,49 @@
 		int namelen = strlen(de->d_name);
 		struct packed_git *p;
 
-		if (!has_extension(de->d_name, ".idx"))
+		if (len + namelen + 1 > sizeof(path)) {
+			if (report_garbage) {
+				struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+				strbuf_addf(&sb, "%.*s/%s", len - 1, path, de->d_name);
+				report_garbage("path too long", sb.buf);
+				strbuf_release(&sb);
+			}
 			continue;
-
-		if (len + namelen + 1 > sizeof(path))
-			continue;
-
-		/* Don't reopen a pack we already have. */
-		strcpy(path + len, de->d_name);
-		for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next) {
-			if (!memcmp(path, p->pack_name, len + namelen - 4))
-				break;
 		}
-		if (p)
+
+		if (is_dot_or_dotdot(de->d_name))
 			continue;
-		/* See if it really is a valid .idx file with corresponding
-		 * .pack file that we can map.
-		 */
-		p = add_packed_git(path, len + namelen, local);
-		if (!p)
+
+		strcpy(path + len, de->d_name);
+
+		if (has_extension(de->d_name, ".idx")) {
+			/* Don't reopen a pack we already have. */
+			for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next) {
+				if (!memcmp(path, p->pack_name, len + namelen - 4))
+					break;
+			}
+			if (p == NULL &&
+			    /*
+			     * See if it really is a valid .idx file with
+			     * corresponding .pack file that we can map.
+			     */
+			    (p = add_packed_git(path, len + namelen, local)) != NULL)
+				install_packed_git(p);
+		}
+
+		if (!report_garbage)
 			continue;
-		install_packed_git(p);
+
+		if (has_extension(de->d_name, ".idx") ||
+		    has_extension(de->d_name, ".pack") ||
+		    has_extension(de->d_name, ".keep"))
+			string_list_append(&garbage, path);
+		else
+			report_garbage("garbage found", path);
 	}
 	closedir(dir);
+	report_pack_garbage(&garbage);
+	string_list_clear(&garbage, 0);
 }
 
 static int sort_pack(const void *a_, const void *b_)
@@ -1181,6 +1271,10 @@
 		char buf[1024 * 16];
 		ssize_t readlen = read_istream(st, buf, sizeof(buf));
 
+		if (readlen < 0) {
+			close_istream(st);
+			return -1;
+		}
 		if (!readlen)
 			break;
 		git_SHA1_Update(&c, buf, readlen);
@@ -1554,50 +1648,6 @@
 	return base_offset;
 }
 
-/* forward declaration for a mutually recursive function */
-static int packed_object_info(struct packed_git *p, off_t offset,
-			      unsigned long *sizep, int *rtype);
-
-static int packed_delta_info(struct packed_git *p,
-			     struct pack_window **w_curs,
-			     off_t curpos,
-			     enum object_type type,
-			     off_t obj_offset,
-			     unsigned long *sizep)
-{
-	off_t base_offset;
-
-	base_offset = get_delta_base(p, w_curs, &curpos, type, obj_offset);
-	if (!base_offset)
-		return OBJ_BAD;
-	type = packed_object_info(p, base_offset, NULL, NULL);
-	if (type <= OBJ_NONE) {
-		struct revindex_entry *revidx;
-		const unsigned char *base_sha1;
-		revidx = find_pack_revindex(p, base_offset);
-		if (!revidx)
-			return OBJ_BAD;
-		base_sha1 = nth_packed_object_sha1(p, revidx->nr);
-		mark_bad_packed_object(p, base_sha1);
-		type = sha1_object_info(base_sha1, NULL);
-		if (type <= OBJ_NONE)
-			return OBJ_BAD;
-	}
-
-	/* We choose to only get the type of the base object and
-	 * ignore potentially corrupt pack file that expects the delta
-	 * based on a base with a wrong size.  This saves tons of
-	 * inflate() calls.
-	 */
-	if (sizep) {
-		*sizep = get_size_from_delta(p, w_curs, curpos);
-		if (*sizep == 0)
-			type = OBJ_BAD;
-	}
-
-	return type;
-}
-
 int unpack_object_header(struct packed_git *p,
 			 struct pack_window **w_curs,
 			 off_t *curpos,
@@ -1624,6 +1674,25 @@
 	return type;
 }
 
+static int retry_bad_packed_offset(struct packed_git *p, off_t obj_offset)
+{
+	int type;
+	struct revindex_entry *revidx;
+	const unsigned char *sha1;
+	revidx = find_pack_revindex(p, obj_offset);
+	if (!revidx)
+		return OBJ_BAD;
+	sha1 = nth_packed_object_sha1(p, revidx->nr);
+	mark_bad_packed_object(p, sha1);
+	type = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
+	if (type <= OBJ_NONE)
+		return OBJ_BAD;
+	return type;
+}
+
+
+#define POI_STACK_PREALLOC 64
+
 static int packed_object_info(struct packed_git *p, off_t obj_offset,
 			      unsigned long *sizep, int *rtype)
 {
@@ -1631,31 +1700,89 @@
 	unsigned long size;
 	off_t curpos = obj_offset;
 	enum object_type type;
+	off_t small_poi_stack[POI_STACK_PREALLOC];
+	off_t *poi_stack = small_poi_stack;
+	int poi_stack_nr = 0, poi_stack_alloc = POI_STACK_PREALLOC;
 
 	type = unpack_object_header(p, &w_curs, &curpos, &size);
+
 	if (rtype)
 		*rtype = type; /* representation type */
 
+	if (sizep) {
+		if (type == OBJ_OFS_DELTA || type == OBJ_REF_DELTA) {
+			off_t tmp_pos = curpos;
+			off_t base_offset = get_delta_base(p, &w_curs, &tmp_pos,
+							   type, obj_offset);
+			if (!base_offset) {
+				type = OBJ_BAD;
+				goto out;
+			}
+			*sizep = get_size_from_delta(p, &w_curs, tmp_pos);
+			if (*sizep == 0) {
+				type = OBJ_BAD;
+				goto out;
+			}
+		} else {
+			*sizep = size;
+		}
+	}
+
+	while (type == OBJ_OFS_DELTA || type == OBJ_REF_DELTA) {
+		off_t base_offset;
+		/* Push the object we're going to leave behind */
+		if (poi_stack_nr >= poi_stack_alloc && poi_stack == small_poi_stack) {
+			poi_stack_alloc = alloc_nr(poi_stack_nr);
+			poi_stack = xmalloc(sizeof(off_t)*poi_stack_alloc);
+			memcpy(poi_stack, small_poi_stack, sizeof(off_t)*poi_stack_nr);
+		} else {
+			ALLOC_GROW(poi_stack, poi_stack_nr+1, poi_stack_alloc);
+		}
+		poi_stack[poi_stack_nr++] = obj_offset;
+		/* If parsing the base offset fails, just unwind */
+		base_offset = get_delta_base(p, &w_curs, &curpos, type, obj_offset);
+		if (!base_offset)
+			goto unwind;
+		curpos = obj_offset = base_offset;
+		type = unpack_object_header(p, &w_curs, &curpos, &size);
+		if (type <= OBJ_NONE) {
+			/* If getting the base itself fails, we first
+			 * retry the base, otherwise unwind */
+			type = retry_bad_packed_offset(p, base_offset);
+			if (type > OBJ_NONE)
+				goto out;
+			goto unwind;
+		}
+	}
+
 	switch (type) {
-	case OBJ_OFS_DELTA:
-	case OBJ_REF_DELTA:
-		type = packed_delta_info(p, &w_curs, curpos,
-					 type, obj_offset, sizep);
-		break;
+	case OBJ_BAD:
 	case OBJ_COMMIT:
 	case OBJ_TREE:
 	case OBJ_BLOB:
 	case OBJ_TAG:
-		if (sizep)
-			*sizep = size;
 		break;
 	default:
 		error("unknown object type %i at offset %"PRIuMAX" in %s",
 		      type, (uintmax_t)obj_offset, p->pack_name);
 		type = OBJ_BAD;
 	}
+
+out:
+	if (poi_stack != small_poi_stack)
+		free(poi_stack);
 	unuse_pack(&w_curs);
 	return type;
+
+unwind:
+	while (poi_stack_nr) {
+		obj_offset = poi_stack[--poi_stack_nr];
+		type = retry_bad_packed_offset(p, obj_offset);
+		if (type > OBJ_NONE)
+			goto out;
+	}
+	type = OBJ_BAD;
+	goto out;
 }
 
 static void *unpack_compressed_entry(struct packed_git *p,
@@ -1717,32 +1844,51 @@
 	return hash % MAX_DELTA_CACHE;
 }
 
-static int in_delta_base_cache(struct packed_git *p, off_t base_offset)
+static struct delta_base_cache_entry *
+get_delta_base_cache_entry(struct packed_git *p, off_t base_offset)
 {
 	unsigned long hash = pack_entry_hash(p, base_offset);
-	struct delta_base_cache_entry *ent = delta_base_cache + hash;
+	return delta_base_cache + hash;
+}
+
+static int eq_delta_base_cache_entry(struct delta_base_cache_entry *ent,
+				     struct packed_git *p, off_t base_offset)
+{
 	return (ent->data && ent->p == p && ent->base_offset == base_offset);
 }
 
+static int in_delta_base_cache(struct packed_git *p, off_t base_offset)
+{
+	struct delta_base_cache_entry *ent;
+	ent = get_delta_base_cache_entry(p, base_offset);
+	return eq_delta_base_cache_entry(ent, p, base_offset);
+}
+
+static void clear_delta_base_cache_entry(struct delta_base_cache_entry *ent)
+{
+	ent->data = NULL;
+	ent->lru.next->prev = ent->lru.prev;
+	ent->lru.prev->next = ent->lru.next;
+	delta_base_cached -= ent->size;
+}
+
 static void *cache_or_unpack_entry(struct packed_git *p, off_t base_offset,
 	unsigned long *base_size, enum object_type *type, int keep_cache)
 {
+	struct delta_base_cache_entry *ent;
 	void *ret;
-	unsigned long hash = pack_entry_hash(p, base_offset);
-	struct delta_base_cache_entry *ent = delta_base_cache + hash;
 
-	ret = ent->data;
-	if (!ret || ent->p != p || ent->base_offset != base_offset)
+	ent = get_delta_base_cache_entry(p, base_offset);
+
+	if (!eq_delta_base_cache_entry(ent, p, base_offset))
 		return unpack_entry(p, base_offset, type, base_size);
 
-	if (!keep_cache) {
-		ent->data = NULL;
-		ent->lru.next->prev = ent->lru.prev;
-		ent->lru.prev->next = ent->lru.next;
-		delta_base_cached -= ent->size;
-	} else {
+	ret = ent->data;
+
+	if (!keep_cache)
+		clear_delta_base_cache_entry(ent);
+	else
 		ret = xmemdupz(ent->data, ent->size);
-	}
 	*type = ent->type;
 	*base_size = ent->size;
 	return ret;
@@ -1806,68 +1952,6 @@
 static void *read_object(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type *type,
 			 unsigned long *size);
 
-static void *unpack_delta_entry(struct packed_git *p,
-				struct pack_window **w_curs,
-				off_t curpos,
-				unsigned long delta_size,
-				off_t obj_offset,
-				enum object_type *type,
-				unsigned long *sizep)
-{
-	void *delta_data, *result, *base;
-	unsigned long base_size;
-	off_t base_offset;
-
-	base_offset = get_delta_base(p, w_curs, &curpos, *type, obj_offset);
-	if (!base_offset) {
-		error("failed to validate delta base reference "
-		      "at offset %"PRIuMAX" from %s",
-		      (uintmax_t)curpos, p->pack_name);
-		return NULL;
-	}
-	unuse_pack(w_curs);
-	base = cache_or_unpack_entry(p, base_offset, &base_size, type, 0);
-	if (!base) {
-		/*
-		 * We're probably in deep shit, but let's try to fetch
-		 * the required base anyway from another pack or loose.
-		 * This is costly but should happen only in the presence
-		 * of a corrupted pack, and is better than failing outright.
-		 */
-		struct revindex_entry *revidx;
-		const unsigned char *base_sha1;
-		revidx = find_pack_revindex(p, base_offset);
-		if (!revidx)
-			return NULL;
-		base_sha1 = nth_packed_object_sha1(p, revidx->nr);
-		error("failed to read delta base object %s"
-		      " at offset %"PRIuMAX" from %s",
-		      sha1_to_hex(base_sha1), (uintmax_t)base_offset,
-		      p->pack_name);
-		mark_bad_packed_object(p, base_sha1);
-		base = read_object(base_sha1, type, &base_size);
-		if (!base)
-			return NULL;
-	}
-
-	delta_data = unpack_compressed_entry(p, w_curs, curpos, delta_size);
-	if (!delta_data) {
-		error("failed to unpack compressed delta "
-		      "at offset %"PRIuMAX" from %s",
-		      (uintmax_t)curpos, p->pack_name);
-		free(base);
-		return NULL;
-	}
-	result = patch_delta(base, base_size,
-			     delta_data, delta_size,
-			     sizep);
-	if (!result)
-		die("failed to apply delta");
-	free(delta_data);
-	add_delta_base_cache(p, base_offset, base, base_size, *type);
-	return result;
-}
-
 static void write_pack_access_log(struct packed_git *p, off_t obj_offset)
 {
 	static FILE *log_file;
@@ -1888,48 +1972,178 @@
 
 int do_check_packed_object_crc;
 
+#define UNPACK_ENTRY_STACK_PREALLOC 64
+struct unpack_entry_stack_ent {
+	off_t obj_offset;
+	off_t curpos;
+	unsigned long size;
+};
+
 void *unpack_entry(struct packed_git *p, off_t obj_offset,
-		   enum object_type *type, unsigned long *sizep)
+		   enum object_type *final_type, unsigned long *final_size)
 {
 	struct pack_window *w_curs = NULL;
 	off_t curpos = obj_offset;
-	void *data;
+	void *data = NULL;
+	unsigned long size;
+	enum object_type type;
+	struct unpack_entry_stack_ent small_delta_stack[UNPACK_ENTRY_STACK_PREALLOC];
+	struct unpack_entry_stack_ent *delta_stack = small_delta_stack;
+	int delta_stack_nr = 0, delta_stack_alloc = UNPACK_ENTRY_STACK_PREALLOC;
+	int base_from_cache = 0;
 
 	if (log_pack_access)
 		write_pack_access_log(p, obj_offset);
 
-	if (do_check_packed_object_crc && p->index_version > 1) {
-		struct revindex_entry *revidx = find_pack_revindex(p, obj_offset);
-		unsigned long len = revidx[1].offset - obj_offset;
-		if (check_pack_crc(p, &w_curs, obj_offset, len, revidx->nr)) {
-			const unsigned char *sha1 =
-				nth_packed_object_sha1(p, revidx->nr);
-			error("bad packed object CRC for %s",
-			      sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-			mark_bad_packed_object(p, sha1);
-			unuse_pack(&w_curs);
-			return NULL;
+	/* PHASE 1: drill down to the innermost base object */
+	for (;;) {
+		off_t base_offset;
+		int i;
+		struct delta_base_cache_entry *ent;
+
+		if (do_check_packed_object_crc && p->index_version > 1) {
+			struct revindex_entry *revidx = find_pack_revindex(p, obj_offset);
+			unsigned long len = revidx[1].offset - obj_offset;
+			if (check_pack_crc(p, &w_curs, obj_offset, len, revidx->nr)) {
+				const unsigned char *sha1 =
+					nth_packed_object_sha1(p, revidx->nr);
+				error("bad packed object CRC for %s",
+				      sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+				mark_bad_packed_object(p, sha1);
+				unuse_pack(&w_curs);
+				return NULL;
+			}
 		}
+
+		ent = get_delta_base_cache_entry(p, curpos);
+		if (eq_delta_base_cache_entry(ent, p, curpos)) {
+			type = ent->type;
+			data = ent->data;
+			size = ent->size;
+			clear_delta_base_cache_entry(ent);
+			base_from_cache = 1;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		type = unpack_object_header(p, &w_curs, &curpos, &size);
+		if (type != OBJ_OFS_DELTA && type != OBJ_REF_DELTA)
+			break;
+
+		base_offset = get_delta_base(p, &w_curs, &curpos, type, obj_offset);
+		if (!base_offset) {
+			error("failed to validate delta base reference "
+			      "at offset %"PRIuMAX" from %s",
+			      (uintmax_t)curpos, p->pack_name);
+			/* bail to phase 2, in hopes of recovery */
+			data = NULL;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		/* push object, proceed to base */
+		if (delta_stack_nr >= delta_stack_alloc
+		    && delta_stack == small_delta_stack) {
+			delta_stack_alloc = alloc_nr(delta_stack_nr);
+			delta_stack = xmalloc(sizeof(*delta_stack)*delta_stack_alloc);
+			memcpy(delta_stack, small_delta_stack,
+			       sizeof(*delta_stack)*delta_stack_nr);
+		} else {
+			ALLOC_GROW(delta_stack, delta_stack_nr+1, delta_stack_alloc);
+		}
+		i = delta_stack_nr++;
+		delta_stack[i].obj_offset = obj_offset;
+		delta_stack[i].curpos = curpos;
+		delta_stack[i].size = size;
+
+		curpos = obj_offset = base_offset;
 	}
 
-	*type = unpack_object_header(p, &w_curs, &curpos, sizep);
-	switch (*type) {
+	/* PHASE 2: handle the base */
+	switch (type) {
 	case OBJ_OFS_DELTA:
 	case OBJ_REF_DELTA:
-		data = unpack_delta_entry(p, &w_curs, curpos, *sizep,
-					  obj_offset, type, sizep);
+		if (data)
+			die("BUG in unpack_entry: left loop at a valid delta");
 		break;
 	case OBJ_COMMIT:
 	case OBJ_TREE:
 	case OBJ_BLOB:
 	case OBJ_TAG:
-		data = unpack_compressed_entry(p, &w_curs, curpos, *sizep);
+		if (!base_from_cache)
+			data = unpack_compressed_entry(p, &w_curs, curpos, size);
 		break;
 	default:
 		data = NULL;
 		error("unknown object type %i at offset %"PRIuMAX" in %s",
-		      *type, (uintmax_t)obj_offset, p->pack_name);
+		      type, (uintmax_t)obj_offset, p->pack_name);
 	}
+
+	/* PHASE 3: apply deltas in order */
+
+	/* invariants:
+	 *   'data' holds the base data, or NULL if there was corruption
+	 */
+	while (delta_stack_nr) {
+		void *delta_data;
+		void *base = data;
+		unsigned long delta_size, base_size = size;
+		int i;
+
+		data = NULL;
+
+		if (base)
+			add_delta_base_cache(p, obj_offset, base, base_size, type);
+
+		if (!base) {
+			/*
+			 * We're probably in deep shit, but let's try to fetch
+			 * the required base anyway from another pack or loose.
+			 * This is costly but should happen only in the presence
+			 * of a corrupted pack, and is better than failing outright.
+			 */
+			struct revindex_entry *revidx;
+			const unsigned char *base_sha1;
+			revidx = find_pack_revindex(p, obj_offset);
+			if (revidx) {
+				base_sha1 = nth_packed_object_sha1(p, revidx->nr);
+				error("failed to read delta base object %s"
+				      " at offset %"PRIuMAX" from %s",
+				      sha1_to_hex(base_sha1), (uintmax_t)obj_offset,
+				      p->pack_name);
+				mark_bad_packed_object(p, base_sha1);
+				base = read_object(base_sha1, &type, &base_size);
+			}
+		}
+
+		i = --delta_stack_nr;
+		obj_offset = delta_stack[i].obj_offset;
+		curpos = delta_stack[i].curpos;
+		delta_size = delta_stack[i].size;
+
+		if (!base)
+			continue;
+
+		delta_data = unpack_compressed_entry(p, &w_curs, curpos, delta_size);
+
+		if (!delta_data) {
+			error("failed to unpack compressed delta "
+			      "at offset %"PRIuMAX" from %s",
+			      (uintmax_t)curpos, p->pack_name);
+			data = NULL;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		data = patch_delta(base, base_size,
+				   delta_data, delta_size,
+				   &size);
+		if (!data)
+			die("failed to apply delta");
+
+		free(delta_data);
+	}
+
+	*final_type = type;
+	*final_size = size;
+
 	unuse_pack(&w_curs);
 	return data;
 }
diff --git a/sha1_name.c b/sha1_name.c
index c633113..b3a90e6 100644
--- a/sha1_name.c
+++ b/sha1_name.c
@@ -9,14 +9,82 @@
 
 static int get_sha1_oneline(const char *, unsigned char *, struct commit_list *);
 
-static int find_short_object_filename(int len, const char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
+typedef int (*disambiguate_hint_fn)(const unsigned char *, void *);
+
+struct disambiguate_state {
+	disambiguate_hint_fn fn;
+	void *cb_data;
+	unsigned char candidate[20];
+	unsigned candidate_exists:1;
+	unsigned candidate_checked:1;
+	unsigned candidate_ok:1;
+	unsigned disambiguate_fn_used:1;
+	unsigned ambiguous:1;
+	unsigned always_call_fn:1;
+};
+
+static void update_candidates(struct disambiguate_state *ds, const unsigned char *current)
+{
+	if (ds->always_call_fn) {
+		ds->ambiguous = ds->fn(current, ds->cb_data) ? 1 : 0;
+		return;
+	}
+	if (!ds->candidate_exists) {
+		/* this is the first candidate */
+		hashcpy(ds->candidate, current);
+		ds->candidate_exists = 1;
+		return;
+	} else if (!hashcmp(ds->candidate, current)) {
+		/* the same as what we already have seen */
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (!ds->fn) {
+		/* cannot disambiguate between ds->candidate and current */
+		ds->ambiguous = 1;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (!ds->candidate_checked) {
+		ds->candidate_ok = ds->fn(ds->candidate, ds->cb_data);
+		ds->disambiguate_fn_used = 1;
+		ds->candidate_checked = 1;
+	}
+
+	if (!ds->candidate_ok) {
+		/* discard the candidate; we know it does not satisify fn */
+		hashcpy(ds->candidate, current);
+		ds->candidate_checked = 0;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/* if we reach this point, we know ds->candidate satisfies fn */
+	if (ds->fn(current, ds->cb_data)) {
+		/*
+		 * if both current and candidate satisfy fn, we cannot
+		 * disambiguate.
+		 */
+		ds->candidate_ok = 0;
+		ds->ambiguous = 1;
+	}
+
+	/* otherwise, current can be discarded and candidate is still good */
+}
+
+static void find_short_object_filename(int len, const char *hex_pfx, struct disambiguate_state *ds)
 {
 	struct alternate_object_database *alt;
 	char hex[40];
-	int found = 0;
 	static struct alternate_object_database *fakeent;
 
 	if (!fakeent) {
+		/*
+		 * Create a "fake" alternate object database that
+		 * points to our own object database, to make it
+		 * easier to get a temporary working space in
+		 * alt->name/alt->base while iterating over the
+		 * object databases including our own.
+		 */
 		const char *objdir = get_object_directory();
 		int objdir_len = strlen(objdir);
 		int entlen = objdir_len + 43;
@@ -27,33 +95,28 @@
 	}
 	fakeent->next = alt_odb_list;
 
-	sprintf(hex, "%.2s", name);
-	for (alt = fakeent; alt && found < 2; alt = alt->next) {
+	sprintf(hex, "%.2s", hex_pfx);
+	for (alt = fakeent; alt && !ds->ambiguous; alt = alt->next) {
 		struct dirent *de;
 		DIR *dir;
-		sprintf(alt->name, "%.2s/", name);
+		sprintf(alt->name, "%.2s/", hex_pfx);
 		dir = opendir(alt->base);
 		if (!dir)
 			continue;
-		while ((de = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
+
+		while (!ds->ambiguous && (de = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
+			unsigned char sha1[20];
+
 			if (strlen(de->d_name) != 38)
 				continue;
-			if (memcmp(de->d_name, name + 2, len - 2))
+			if (memcmp(de->d_name, hex_pfx + 2, len - 2))
 				continue;
-			if (!found) {
-				memcpy(hex + 2, de->d_name, 38);
-				found++;
-			}
-			else if (memcmp(hex + 2, de->d_name, 38)) {
-				found = 2;
-				break;
-			}
+			memcpy(hex + 2, de->d_name, 38);
+			if (!get_sha1_hex(hex, sha1))
+				update_candidates(ds, sha1);
 		}
 		closedir(dir);
 	}
-	if (found == 1)
-		return get_sha1_hex(hex, sha1) == 0;
-	return found;
 }
 
 static int match_sha(unsigned len, const unsigned char *a, const unsigned char *b)
@@ -71,103 +134,157 @@
 	return 1;
 }
 
-static int find_short_packed_object(int len, const unsigned char *match, unsigned char *sha1)
+static void unique_in_pack(int len,
+			  const unsigned char *bin_pfx,
+			   struct packed_git *p,
+			   struct disambiguate_state *ds)
+{
+	uint32_t num, last, i, first = 0;
+	const unsigned char *current = NULL;
+
+	open_pack_index(p);
+	num = p->num_objects;
+	last = num;
+	while (first < last) {
+		uint32_t mid = (first + last) / 2;
+		const unsigned char *current;
+		int cmp;
+
+		current = nth_packed_object_sha1(p, mid);
+		cmp = hashcmp(bin_pfx, current);
+		if (!cmp) {
+			first = mid;
+			break;
+		}
+		if (cmp > 0) {
+			first = mid+1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		last = mid;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * At this point, "first" is the location of the lowest object
+	 * with an object name that could match "bin_pfx".  See if we have
+	 * 0, 1 or more objects that actually match(es).
+	 */
+	for (i = first; i < num && !ds->ambiguous; i++) {
+		current = nth_packed_object_sha1(p, i);
+		if (!match_sha(len, bin_pfx, current))
+			break;
+		update_candidates(ds, current);
+	}
+}
+
+static void find_short_packed_object(int len, const unsigned char *bin_pfx,
+				     struct disambiguate_state *ds)
 {
 	struct packed_git *p;
-	const unsigned char *found_sha1 = NULL;
-	int found = 0;
 
 	prepare_packed_git();
-	for (p = packed_git; p && found < 2; p = p->next) {
-		uint32_t num, last;
-		uint32_t first = 0;
-		open_pack_index(p);
-		num = p->num_objects;
-		last = num;
-		while (first < last) {
-			uint32_t mid = (first + last) / 2;
-			const unsigned char *now;
-			int cmp;
-
-			now = nth_packed_object_sha1(p, mid);
-			cmp = hashcmp(match, now);
-			if (!cmp) {
-				first = mid;
-				break;
-			}
-			if (cmp > 0) {
-				first = mid+1;
-				continue;
-			}
-			last = mid;
-		}
-		if (first < num) {
-			const unsigned char *now, *next;
-		       now = nth_packed_object_sha1(p, first);
-			if (match_sha(len, match, now)) {
-				next = nth_packed_object_sha1(p, first+1);
-			       if (!next|| !match_sha(len, match, next)) {
-					/* unique within this pack */
-					if (!found) {
-						found_sha1 = now;
-						found++;
-					}
-					else if (hashcmp(found_sha1, now)) {
-						found = 2;
-						break;
-					}
-				}
-				else {
-					/* not even unique within this pack */
-					found = 2;
-					break;
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	if (found == 1)
-		hashcpy(sha1, found_sha1);
-	return found;
+	for (p = packed_git; p && !ds->ambiguous; p = p->next)
+		unique_in_pack(len, bin_pfx, p, ds);
 }
 
 #define SHORT_NAME_NOT_FOUND (-1)
 #define SHORT_NAME_AMBIGUOUS (-2)
 
-static int find_unique_short_object(int len, char *canonical,
-				    unsigned char *res, unsigned char *sha1)
+static int finish_object_disambiguation(struct disambiguate_state *ds,
+					unsigned char *sha1)
 {
-	int has_unpacked, has_packed;
-	unsigned char unpacked_sha1[20], packed_sha1[20];
+	if (ds->ambiguous)
+		return SHORT_NAME_AMBIGUOUS;
 
-	prepare_alt_odb();
-	has_unpacked = find_short_object_filename(len, canonical, unpacked_sha1);
-	has_packed = find_short_packed_object(len, res, packed_sha1);
-	if (!has_unpacked && !has_packed)
+	if (!ds->candidate_exists)
 		return SHORT_NAME_NOT_FOUND;
-	if (1 < has_unpacked || 1 < has_packed)
+
+	if (!ds->candidate_checked)
+		/*
+		 * If this is the only candidate, there is no point
+		 * calling the disambiguation hint callback.
+		 *
+		 * On the other hand, if the current candidate
+		 * replaced an earlier candidate that did _not_ pass
+		 * the disambiguation hint callback, then we do have
+		 * more than one objects that match the short name
+		 * given, so we should make sure this one matches;
+		 * otherwise, if we discovered this one and the one
+		 * that we previously discarded in the reverse order,
+		 * we would end up showing different results in the
+		 * same repository!
+		 */
+		ds->candidate_ok = (!ds->disambiguate_fn_used ||
+				    ds->fn(ds->candidate, ds->cb_data));
+
+	if (!ds->candidate_ok)
 		return SHORT_NAME_AMBIGUOUS;
-	if (has_unpacked != has_packed) {
-		hashcpy(sha1, (has_packed ? packed_sha1 : unpacked_sha1));
-		return 0;
-	}
-	/* Both have unique ones -- do they match? */
-	if (hashcmp(packed_sha1, unpacked_sha1))
-		return SHORT_NAME_AMBIGUOUS;
-	hashcpy(sha1, packed_sha1);
+
+	hashcpy(sha1, ds->candidate);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int get_short_sha1(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1,
-			  int quietly)
+static int disambiguate_commit_only(const unsigned char *sha1, void *cb_data_unused)
 {
-	int i, status;
-	char canonical[40];
-	unsigned char res[20];
+	int kind = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
+	return kind == OBJ_COMMIT;
+}
 
-	if (len < MINIMUM_ABBREV || len > 40)
-		return -1;
-	hashclr(res);
-	memset(canonical, 'x', 40);
+static int disambiguate_committish_only(const unsigned char *sha1, void *cb_data_unused)
+{
+	struct object *obj;
+	int kind;
+
+	kind = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
+	if (kind == OBJ_COMMIT)
+		return 1;
+	if (kind != OBJ_TAG)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* We need to do this the hard way... */
+	obj = deref_tag(lookup_object(sha1), NULL, 0);
+	if (obj && obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT)
+		return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int disambiguate_tree_only(const unsigned char *sha1, void *cb_data_unused)
+{
+	int kind = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
+	return kind == OBJ_TREE;
+}
+
+static int disambiguate_treeish_only(const unsigned char *sha1, void *cb_data_unused)
+{
+	struct object *obj;
+	int kind;
+
+	kind = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
+	if (kind == OBJ_TREE || kind == OBJ_COMMIT)
+		return 1;
+	if (kind != OBJ_TAG)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* We need to do this the hard way... */
+	obj = deref_tag(lookup_object(sha1), NULL, 0);
+	if (obj && (obj->type == OBJ_TREE || obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT))
+		return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int disambiguate_blob_only(const unsigned char *sha1, void *cb_data_unused)
+{
+	int kind = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
+	return kind == OBJ_BLOB;
+}
+
+static int prepare_prefixes(const char *name, int len,
+			    unsigned char *bin_pfx,
+			    char *hex_pfx)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	hashclr(bin_pfx);
+	memset(hex_pfx, 'x', 40);
 	for (i = 0; i < len ;i++) {
 		unsigned char c = name[i];
 		unsigned char val;
@@ -181,18 +298,76 @@
 		}
 		else
 			return -1;
-		canonical[i] = c;
+		hex_pfx[i] = c;
 		if (!(i & 1))
 			val <<= 4;
-		res[i >> 1] |= val;
+		bin_pfx[i >> 1] |= val;
 	}
+	return 0;
+}
 
-	status = find_unique_short_object(i, canonical, res, sha1);
+static int get_short_sha1(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1,
+			  unsigned flags)
+{
+	int status;
+	char hex_pfx[40];
+	unsigned char bin_pfx[20];
+	struct disambiguate_state ds;
+	int quietly = !!(flags & GET_SHA1_QUIETLY);
+
+	if (len < MINIMUM_ABBREV || len > 40)
+		return -1;
+	if (prepare_prefixes(name, len, bin_pfx, hex_pfx) < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	prepare_alt_odb();
+
+	memset(&ds, 0, sizeof(ds));
+	if (flags & GET_SHA1_COMMIT)
+		ds.fn = disambiguate_commit_only;
+	else if (flags & GET_SHA1_COMMITTISH)
+		ds.fn = disambiguate_committish_only;
+	else if (flags & GET_SHA1_TREE)
+		ds.fn = disambiguate_tree_only;
+	else if (flags & GET_SHA1_TREEISH)
+		ds.fn = disambiguate_treeish_only;
+	else if (flags & GET_SHA1_BLOB)
+		ds.fn = disambiguate_blob_only;
+
+	find_short_object_filename(len, hex_pfx, &ds);
+	find_short_packed_object(len, bin_pfx, &ds);
+	status = finish_object_disambiguation(&ds, sha1);
+
 	if (!quietly && (status == SHORT_NAME_AMBIGUOUS))
-		return error("short SHA1 %.*s is ambiguous.", len, canonical);
+		return error("short SHA1 %.*s is ambiguous.", len, hex_pfx);
 	return status;
 }
 
+
+int for_each_abbrev(const char *prefix, each_abbrev_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+{
+	char hex_pfx[40];
+	unsigned char bin_pfx[20];
+	struct disambiguate_state ds;
+	int len = strlen(prefix);
+
+	if (len < MINIMUM_ABBREV || len > 40)
+		return -1;
+	if (prepare_prefixes(prefix, len, bin_pfx, hex_pfx) < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	prepare_alt_odb();
+
+	memset(&ds, 0, sizeof(ds));
+	ds.always_call_fn = 1;
+	ds.cb_data = cb_data;
+	ds.fn = fn;
+
+	find_short_object_filename(len, hex_pfx, &ds);
+	find_short_packed_object(len, bin_pfx, &ds);
+	return ds.ambiguous;
+}
+
 const char *find_unique_abbrev(const unsigned char *sha1, int len)
 {
 	int status, exists;
@@ -204,7 +379,7 @@
 		return hex;
 	while (len < 40) {
 		unsigned char sha1_ret[20];
-		status = get_short_sha1(hex, len, sha1_ret, 1);
+		status = get_short_sha1(hex, len, sha1_ret, GET_SHA1_QUIETLY);
 		if (exists
 		    ? !status
 		    : status == SHORT_NAME_NOT_FOUND) {
@@ -255,7 +430,7 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int get_sha1_1(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1);
+static int get_sha1_1(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1, unsigned lookup_flags);
 
 static int get_sha1_basic(const char *str, int len, unsigned char *sha1)
 {
@@ -292,7 +467,7 @@
 		ret = interpret_branch_name(str+at, &buf);
 		if (ret > 0) {
 			/* substitute this branch name and restart */
-			return get_sha1_1(buf.buf, buf.len, sha1);
+			return get_sha1_1(buf.buf, buf.len, sha1, 0);
 		} else if (ret == 0) {
 			return -1;
 		}
@@ -342,12 +517,21 @@
 		}
 		if (read_ref_at(real_ref, at_time, nth, sha1, NULL,
 				&co_time, &co_tz, &co_cnt)) {
+			if (!len) {
+				if (!prefixcmp(real_ref, "refs/heads/")) {
+					str = real_ref + 11;
+					len = strlen(real_ref + 11);
+				} else {
+					/* detached HEAD */
+					str = "HEAD";
+					len = 4;
+				}
+			}
 			if (at_time)
 				warning("Log for '%.*s' only goes "
 					"back to %s.", len, str,
 					show_date(co_time, co_tz, DATE_RFC2822));
 			else {
-				free(real_ref);
 				die("Log for '%.*s' only has %d entries.",
 				    len, str, co_cnt);
 			}
@@ -362,7 +546,7 @@
 		      unsigned char *result, int idx)
 {
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	int ret = get_sha1_1(name, len, sha1);
+	int ret = get_sha1_1(name, len, sha1, GET_SHA1_COMMITTISH);
 	struct commit *commit;
 	struct commit_list *p;
 
@@ -395,7 +579,7 @@
 	struct commit *commit;
 	int ret;
 
-	ret = get_sha1_1(name, len, sha1);
+	ret = get_sha1_1(name, len, sha1, GET_SHA1_COMMITTISH);
 	if (ret)
 		return ret;
 	commit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
@@ -419,7 +603,7 @@
 	while (1) {
 		if (!o || (!o->parsed && !parse_object(o->sha1)))
 			return NULL;
-		if (o->type == expected_type)
+		if (expected_type == OBJ_ANY || o->type == expected_type)
 			return o;
 		if (o->type == OBJ_TAG)
 			o = ((struct tag*) o)->tagged;
@@ -441,6 +625,7 @@
 	unsigned char outer[20];
 	const char *sp;
 	unsigned int expected_type = 0;
+	unsigned lookup_flags = 0;
 	struct object *o;
 
 	/*
@@ -469,6 +654,8 @@
 		expected_type = OBJ_TREE;
 	else if (!strncmp(blob_type, sp, 4) && sp[4] == '}')
 		expected_type = OBJ_BLOB;
+	else if (!prefixcmp(sp, "object}"))
+		expected_type = OBJ_ANY;
 	else if (sp[0] == '}')
 		expected_type = OBJ_NONE;
 	else if (sp[0] == '/')
@@ -476,7 +663,12 @@
 	else
 		return -1;
 
-	if (get_sha1_1(name, sp - name - 2, outer))
+	if (expected_type == OBJ_COMMIT)
+		lookup_flags = GET_SHA1_COMMITTISH;
+	else if (expected_type == OBJ_TREE)
+		lookup_flags = GET_SHA1_TREEISH;
+
+	if (get_sha1_1(name, sp - name - 2, outer, lookup_flags))
 		return -1;
 
 	o = parse_object(outer);
@@ -525,6 +717,7 @@
 static int get_describe_name(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	const char *cp;
+	unsigned flags = GET_SHA1_QUIETLY | GET_SHA1_COMMIT;
 
 	for (cp = name + len - 1; name + 2 <= cp; cp--) {
 		char ch = *cp;
@@ -535,14 +728,14 @@
 			if (ch == 'g' && cp[-1] == '-') {
 				cp++;
 				len -= cp - name;
-				return get_short_sha1(cp, len, sha1, 1);
+				return get_short_sha1(cp, len, sha1, flags);
 			}
 		}
 	}
 	return -1;
 }
 
-static int get_sha1_1(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1)
+static int get_sha1_1(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1, unsigned lookup_flags)
 {
 	int ret, has_suffix;
 	const char *cp;
@@ -587,7 +780,7 @@
 	if (!ret)
 		return 0;
 
-	return get_short_sha1(name, len, sha1, 0);
+	return get_short_sha1(name, len, sha1, lookup_flags);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -676,8 +869,8 @@
 }
 
 struct grab_nth_branch_switch_cbdata {
-	long cnt, alloc;
-	struct strbuf *buf;
+	int remaining;
+	struct strbuf buf;
 };
 
 static int grab_nth_branch_switch(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1,
@@ -687,7 +880,6 @@
 	struct grab_nth_branch_switch_cbdata *cb = cb_data;
 	const char *match = NULL, *target = NULL;
 	size_t len;
-	int nth;
 
 	if (!prefixcmp(message, "checkout: moving from ")) {
 		match = message + strlen("checkout: moving from ");
@@ -696,11 +888,12 @@
 
 	if (!match || !target)
 		return 0;
-
-	len = target - match;
-	nth = cb->cnt++ % cb->alloc;
-	strbuf_reset(&cb->buf[nth]);
-	strbuf_add(&cb->buf[nth], match, len);
+	if (--(cb->remaining) == 0) {
+		len = target - match;
+		strbuf_reset(&cb->buf);
+		strbuf_add(&cb->buf, match, len);
+		return 1; /* we are done */
+	}
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -711,7 +904,7 @@
 static int interpret_nth_prior_checkout(const char *name, struct strbuf *buf)
 {
 	long nth;
-	int i, retval;
+	int retval;
 	struct grab_nth_branch_switch_cbdata cb;
 	const char *brace;
 	char *num_end;
@@ -721,34 +914,22 @@
 	brace = strchr(name, '}');
 	if (!brace)
 		return -1;
-	nth = strtol(name+3, &num_end, 10);
+	nth = strtol(name + 3, &num_end, 10);
 	if (num_end != brace)
 		return -1;
 	if (nth <= 0)
 		return -1;
-	cb.alloc = nth;
-	cb.buf = xmalloc(nth * sizeof(struct strbuf));
-	for (i = 0; i < nth; i++)
-		strbuf_init(&cb.buf[i], 20);
-	cb.cnt = 0;
+	cb.remaining = nth;
+	strbuf_init(&cb.buf, 20);
+
 	retval = 0;
-	for_each_recent_reflog_ent("HEAD", grab_nth_branch_switch, 40960, &cb);
-	if (cb.cnt < nth) {
-		cb.cnt = 0;
-		for_each_reflog_ent("HEAD", grab_nth_branch_switch, &cb);
+	if (0 < for_each_reflog_ent_reverse("HEAD", grab_nth_branch_switch, &cb)) {
+		strbuf_reset(buf);
+		strbuf_add(buf, cb.buf.buf, cb.buf.len);
+		retval = brace - name + 1;
 	}
-	if (cb.cnt < nth)
-		goto release_return;
-	i = cb.cnt % nth;
-	strbuf_reset(buf);
-	strbuf_add(buf, cb.buf[i].buf, cb.buf[i].len);
-	retval = brace-name+1;
 
-release_return:
-	for (i = 0; i < nth; i++)
-		strbuf_release(&cb.buf[i]);
-	free(cb.buf);
-
+	strbuf_release(&cb.buf);
 	return retval;
 }
 
@@ -769,7 +950,7 @@
 		struct strbuf sb;
 		strbuf_init(&sb, dots - name);
 		strbuf_add(&sb, name, dots - name);
-		st = get_sha1(sb.buf, sha1_tmp);
+		st = get_sha1_committish(sb.buf, sha1_tmp);
 		strbuf_release(&sb);
 	}
 	if (st)
@@ -778,7 +959,7 @@
 	if (!one)
 		return -1;
 
-	if (get_sha1(dots[3] ? (dots + 3) : "HEAD", sha1_tmp))
+	if (get_sha1_committish(dots[3] ? (dots + 3) : "HEAD", sha1_tmp))
 		return -1;
 	two = lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1_tmp, 0);
 	if (!two)
@@ -861,14 +1042,15 @@
 	 * points to something different than a branch.
 	 */
 	if (!upstream)
-		return error(_("HEAD does not point to a branch"));
+		die(_("HEAD does not point to a branch"));
 	if (!upstream->merge || !upstream->merge[0]->dst) {
 		if (!ref_exists(upstream->refname))
-			return error(_("No such branch: '%s'"), cp);
-		if (!upstream->merge)
-			return error(_("No upstream configured for branch '%s'"),
-				     upstream->name);
-		return error(
+			die(_("No such branch: '%s'"), cp);
+		if (!upstream->merge) {
+			die(_("No upstream configured for branch '%s'"),
+				upstream->name);
+		}
+		die(
 			_("Upstream branch '%s' not stored as a remote-tracking branch"),
 			upstream->merge[0]->src);
 	}
@@ -883,9 +1065,13 @@
 int strbuf_branchname(struct strbuf *sb, const char *name)
 {
 	int len = strlen(name);
-	if (interpret_branch_name(name, sb) == len)
+	int used = interpret_branch_name(name, sb);
+
+	if (used == len)
 		return 0;
-	strbuf_add(sb, name, len);
+	if (used < 0)
+		used = 0;
+	strbuf_add(sb, name + used, len - used);
 	return len;
 }
 
@@ -905,14 +1091,60 @@
 int get_sha1(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	struct object_context unused;
-	return get_sha1_with_context(name, sha1, &unused);
+	return get_sha1_with_context(name, 0, sha1, &unused);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Many callers know that the user meant to name a committish by
+ * syntactical positions where the object name appears.  Calling this
+ * function allows the machinery to disambiguate shorter-than-unique
+ * abbreviated object names between committish and others.
+ *
+ * Note that this does NOT error out when the named object is not a
+ * committish. It is merely to give a hint to the disambiguation
+ * machinery.
+ */
+int get_sha1_committish(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct object_context unused;
+	return get_sha1_with_context(name, GET_SHA1_COMMITTISH,
+				     sha1, &unused);
+}
+
+int get_sha1_treeish(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct object_context unused;
+	return get_sha1_with_context(name, GET_SHA1_TREEISH,
+				     sha1, &unused);
+}
+
+int get_sha1_commit(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct object_context unused;
+	return get_sha1_with_context(name, GET_SHA1_COMMIT,
+				     sha1, &unused);
+}
+
+int get_sha1_tree(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct object_context unused;
+	return get_sha1_with_context(name, GET_SHA1_TREE,
+				     sha1, &unused);
+}
+
+int get_sha1_blob(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct object_context unused;
+	return get_sha1_with_context(name, GET_SHA1_BLOB,
+				     sha1, &unused);
 }
 
 /* Must be called only when object_name:filename doesn't exist. */
 static void diagnose_invalid_sha1_path(const char *prefix,
 				       const char *filename,
 				       const unsigned char *tree_sha1,
-				       const char *object_name)
+				       const char *object_name,
+				       int object_name_len)
 {
 	struct stat st;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
@@ -922,8 +1154,8 @@
 		prefix = "";
 
 	if (!lstat(filename, &st))
-		die("Path '%s' exists on disk, but not in '%s'.",
-		    filename, object_name);
+		die("Path '%s' exists on disk, but not in '%.*s'.",
+		    filename, object_name_len, object_name);
 	if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR) {
 		char *fullname = xmalloc(strlen(filename)
 					     + strlen(prefix) + 1);
@@ -933,16 +1165,16 @@
 		if (!get_tree_entry(tree_sha1, fullname,
 				    sha1, &mode)) {
 			die("Path '%s' exists, but not '%s'.\n"
-			    "Did you mean '%s:%s' aka '%s:./%s'?",
+			    "Did you mean '%.*s:%s' aka '%.*s:./%s'?",
 			    fullname,
 			    filename,
-			    object_name,
+			    object_name_len, object_name,
 			    fullname,
-			    object_name,
+			    object_name_len, object_name,
 			    filename);
 		}
-		die("Path '%s' does not exist in '%s'",
-		    filename, object_name);
+		die("Path '%s' does not exist in '%.*s'",
+		    filename, object_name_len, object_name);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1004,16 +1236,6 @@
 }
 
 
-int get_sha1_with_mode_1(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1, unsigned *mode,
-			 int only_to_die, const char *prefix)
-{
-	struct object_context oc;
-	int ret;
-	ret = get_sha1_with_context_1(name, sha1, &oc, only_to_die, prefix);
-	*mode = oc.mode;
-	return ret;
-}
-
 static char *resolve_relative_path(const char *rel)
 {
 	if (prefixcmp(rel, "./") && prefixcmp(rel, "../"))
@@ -1031,20 +1253,24 @@
 			   rel);
 }
 
-int get_sha1_with_context_1(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1,
-			    struct object_context *oc,
-			    int only_to_die, const char *prefix)
+static int get_sha1_with_context_1(const char *name,
+				   unsigned flags,
+				   const char *prefix,
+				   unsigned char *sha1,
+				   struct object_context *oc)
 {
 	int ret, bracket_depth;
 	int namelen = strlen(name);
 	const char *cp;
+	int only_to_die = flags & GET_SHA1_ONLY_TO_DIE;
 
 	memset(oc, 0, sizeof(*oc));
 	oc->mode = S_IFINVALID;
-	ret = get_sha1_1(name, namelen, sha1);
+	ret = get_sha1_1(name, namelen, sha1, flags);
 	if (!ret)
 		return ret;
-	/* sha1:path --> object name of path in ent sha1
+	/*
+	 * sha1:path --> object name of path in ent sha1
 	 * :path -> object name of absolute path in index
 	 * :./path -> object name of path relative to cwd in index
 	 * :[0-3]:path -> object name of path in index at stage
@@ -1113,13 +1339,8 @@
 	}
 	if (*cp == ':') {
 		unsigned char tree_sha1[20];
-		char *object_name = NULL;
-		if (only_to_die) {
-			object_name = xmalloc(cp-name+1);
-			strncpy(object_name, name, cp-name);
-			object_name[cp-name] = '\0';
-		}
-		if (!get_sha1_1(name, cp-name, tree_sha1)) {
+		int len = cp - name;
+		if (!get_sha1_1(name, len, tree_sha1, GET_SHA1_TREEISH)) {
 			const char *filename = cp+1;
 			char *new_filename = NULL;
 
@@ -1127,10 +1348,10 @@
 			if (new_filename)
 				filename = new_filename;
 			ret = get_tree_entry(tree_sha1, filename, sha1, &oc->mode);
-			if (only_to_die) {
+			if (ret && only_to_die) {
 				diagnose_invalid_sha1_path(prefix, filename,
-							   tree_sha1, object_name);
-				free(object_name);
+							   tree_sha1,
+							   name, len);
 			}
 			hashcpy(oc->tree, tree_sha1);
 			strncpy(oc->path, filename,
@@ -1141,8 +1362,27 @@
 			return ret;
 		} else {
 			if (only_to_die)
-				die("Invalid object name '%s'.", object_name);
+				die("Invalid object name '%.*s'.", len, name);
 		}
 	}
 	return ret;
 }
+
+/*
+ * Call this function when you know "name" given by the end user must
+ * name an object but it doesn't; the function _may_ die with a better
+ * diagnostic message than "no such object 'name'", e.g. "Path 'doc' does not
+ * exist in 'HEAD'" when given "HEAD:doc", or it may return in which case
+ * you have a chance to diagnose the error further.
+ */
+void maybe_die_on_misspelt_object_name(const char *name, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct object_context oc;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	get_sha1_with_context_1(name, GET_SHA1_ONLY_TO_DIE, prefix, sha1, &oc);
+}
+
+int get_sha1_with_context(const char *str, unsigned flags, unsigned char *sha1, struct object_context *orc)
+{
+	return get_sha1_with_context_1(str, flags, NULL, sha1, orc);
+}
diff --git a/shallow.c b/shallow.c
index a0363de..cbe2526 100644
--- a/shallow.c
+++ b/shallow.c
@@ -3,6 +3,16 @@
 #include "tag.h"
 
 static int is_shallow = -1;
+static struct stat shallow_stat;
+static char *alternate_shallow_file;
+
+void set_alternate_shallow_file(const char *path)
+{
+	if (is_shallow != -1)
+		die("BUG: is_repository_shallow must not be called before set_alternate_shallow_file");
+	free(alternate_shallow_file);
+	alternate_shallow_file = path ? xstrdup(path) : NULL;
+}
 
 int register_shallow(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
@@ -21,12 +31,21 @@
 {
 	FILE *fp;
 	char buf[1024];
+	const char *path = alternate_shallow_file;
 
 	if (is_shallow >= 0)
 		return is_shallow;
 
-	fp = fopen(git_path("shallow"), "r");
-	if (!fp) {
+	if (!path)
+		path = git_path("shallow");
+	/*
+	 * fetch-pack sets '--shallow-file ""' as an indicator that no
+	 * shallow file should be used. We could just open it and it
+	 * will likely fail. But let's do an explicit check instead.
+	 */
+	if (!*path ||
+	    stat(path, &shallow_stat) ||
+	    (fp = fopen(path, "r")) == NULL) {
 		is_shallow = 0;
 		return is_shallow;
 	}
@@ -72,8 +91,14 @@
 		}
 		if (parse_commit(commit))
 			die("invalid commit");
-		commit->object.flags |= not_shallow_flag;
 		cur_depth++;
+		if (cur_depth >= depth) {
+			commit_list_insert(commit, &result);
+			commit->object.flags |= shallow_flag;
+			commit = NULL;
+			continue;
+		}
+		commit->object.flags |= not_shallow_flag;
 		for (p = commit->parents, commit = NULL; p; p = p->next) {
 			if (!p->item->util) {
 				int *pointer = xmalloc(sizeof(int));
@@ -102,3 +127,22 @@
 
 	return result;
 }
+
+void check_shallow_file_for_update(void)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+
+	if (!is_shallow)
+		return;
+	else if (is_shallow == -1)
+		die("BUG: shallow must be initialized by now");
+
+	if (stat(git_path("shallow"), &st))
+		die("shallow file was removed during fetch");
+	else if (st.st_mtime != shallow_stat.st_mtime
+#ifdef USE_NSEC
+		 || ST_MTIME_NSEC(st) != ST_MTIME_NSEC(shallow_stat)
+#endif
+		   )
+		die("shallow file was changed during fetch");
+}
diff --git a/shell.c b/shell.c
index 84b237f..1429870 100644
--- a/shell.c
+++ b/shell.c
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
 #define COMMAND_DIR "git-shell-commands"
 #define HELP_COMMAND COMMAND_DIR "/help"
+#define NOLOGIN_COMMAND COMMAND_DIR "/no-interactive-login"
 
 static int do_generic_cmd(const char *me, char *arg)
 {
@@ -65,6 +66,18 @@
 {
 	int done = 0;
 	static const char *help_argv[] = { HELP_COMMAND, NULL };
+
+	if (!access(NOLOGIN_COMMAND, F_OK)) {
+		/* Interactive login disabled. */
+		const char *argv[] = { NOLOGIN_COMMAND, NULL };
+		int status;
+
+		status = run_command_v_opt(argv, 0);
+		if (status < 0)
+			exit(127);
+		exit(status);
+	}
+
 	/* Print help if enabled */
 	run_command_v_opt(help_argv, RUN_SILENT_EXEC_FAILURE);
 
diff --git a/sideband.c b/sideband.c
index d5ffa1c..d1125f5 100644
--- a/sideband.c
+++ b/sideband.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#include "cache.h"
 #include "pkt-line.h"
 #include "sideband.h"
 
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@
 
 	while (1) {
 		int band, len;
-		len = packet_read_line(in_stream, buf + pf, LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
+		len = packet_read(in_stream, NULL, NULL, buf + pf, LARGE_PACKET_MAX, 0);
 		if (len == 0)
 			break;
 		if (len < 1) {
@@ -108,7 +109,7 @@
 			} while (len);
 			continue;
 		case 1:
-			safe_write(out, buf + pf+1, len);
+			write_or_die(out, buf + pf+1, len);
 			continue;
 		default:
 			fprintf(stderr, "%s: protocol error: bad band #%d\n",
@@ -138,12 +139,12 @@
 		if (0 <= band) {
 			sprintf(hdr, "%04x", n + 5);
 			hdr[4] = band;
-			safe_write(fd, hdr, 5);
+			write_or_die(fd, hdr, 5);
 		} else {
 			sprintf(hdr, "%04x", n + 4);
-			safe_write(fd, hdr, 4);
+			write_or_die(fd, hdr, 4);
 		}
-		safe_write(fd, p, n);
+		write_or_die(fd, p, n);
 		p += n;
 		sz -= n;
 	}
diff --git a/sideband.h b/sideband.h
index d72db35..e46bed0 100644
--- a/sideband.h
+++ b/sideband.h
@@ -4,9 +4,6 @@
 #define SIDEBAND_PROTOCOL_ERROR -2
 #define SIDEBAND_REMOTE_ERROR -1
 
-#define DEFAULT_PACKET_MAX 1000
-#define LARGE_PACKET_MAX 65520
-
 int recv_sideband(const char *me, int in_stream, int out);
 ssize_t send_sideband(int fd, int band, const char *data, ssize_t sz, int packet_max);
 
diff --git a/strbuf.c b/strbuf.c
index ec88266..1170d01 100644
--- a/strbuf.c
+++ b/strbuf.c
@@ -44,7 +44,9 @@
 
 char *strbuf_detach(struct strbuf *sb, size_t *sz)
 {
-	char *res = sb->alloc ? sb->buf : NULL;
+	char *res;
+	strbuf_grow(sb, 0);
+	res = sb->buf;
 	if (sz)
 		*sz = sb->len;
 	strbuf_init(sb, 0);
@@ -104,35 +106,30 @@
 	sb->buf[sb->len] = '\0';
 }
 
-struct strbuf **strbuf_split_buf(const char *str, size_t slen, int delim, int max)
+struct strbuf **strbuf_split_buf(const char *str, size_t slen,
+				 int terminator, int max)
 {
-	int alloc = 2, pos = 0;
-	const char *n, *p;
-	struct strbuf **ret;
+	struct strbuf **ret = NULL;
+	size_t nr = 0, alloc = 0;
 	struct strbuf *t;
 
-	ret = xcalloc(alloc, sizeof(struct strbuf *));
-	p = n = str;
-	while (n < str + slen) {
-		int len;
-		if (max <= 0 || pos + 1 < max)
-			n = memchr(n, delim, slen - (n - str));
-		else
-			n = NULL;
-		if (pos + 1 >= alloc) {
-			alloc = alloc * 2;
-			ret = xrealloc(ret, sizeof(struct strbuf *) * alloc);
+	while (slen) {
+		int len = slen;
+		if (max <= 0 || nr + 1 < max) {
+			const char *end = memchr(str, terminator, slen);
+			if (end)
+				len = end - str + 1;
 		}
-		if (!n)
-			n = str + slen - 1;
-		len = n - p + 1;
 		t = xmalloc(sizeof(struct strbuf));
 		strbuf_init(t, len);
-		strbuf_add(t, p, len);
-		ret[pos] = t;
-		ret[++pos] = NULL;
-		p = ++n;
+		strbuf_add(t, str, len);
+		ALLOC_GROW(ret, nr + 2, alloc);
+		ret[nr++] = t;
+		str += len;
+		slen -= len;
 	}
+	ALLOC_GROW(ret, nr + 1, alloc); /* In case string was empty */
+	ret[nr] = NULL;
 	return ret;
 }
 
@@ -207,6 +204,54 @@
 	va_end(ap);
 }
 
+static void add_lines(struct strbuf *out,
+			const char *prefix1,
+			const char *prefix2,
+			const char *buf, size_t size)
+{
+	while (size) {
+		const char *prefix;
+		const char *next = memchr(buf, '\n', size);
+		next = next ? (next + 1) : (buf + size);
+
+		prefix = (prefix2 && buf[0] == '\n') ? prefix2 : prefix1;
+		strbuf_addstr(out, prefix);
+		strbuf_add(out, buf, next - buf);
+		size -= next - buf;
+		buf = next;
+	}
+	strbuf_complete_line(out);
+}
+
+void strbuf_add_commented_lines(struct strbuf *out, const char *buf, size_t size)
+{
+	static char prefix1[3];
+	static char prefix2[2];
+
+	if (prefix1[0] != comment_line_char) {
+		sprintf(prefix1, "%c ", comment_line_char);
+		sprintf(prefix2, "%c", comment_line_char);
+	}
+	add_lines(out, prefix1, prefix2, buf, size);
+}
+
+void strbuf_commented_addf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list params;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int incomplete_line = sb->len && sb->buf[sb->len - 1] != '\n';
+
+	va_start(params, fmt);
+	strbuf_vaddf(&buf, fmt, params);
+	va_end(params);
+
+	strbuf_add_commented_lines(sb, buf.buf, buf.len);
+	if (incomplete_line)
+		sb->buf[--sb->len] = '\0';
+
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+}
+
 void strbuf_vaddf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *fmt, va_list ap)
 {
 	int len;
@@ -417,15 +462,33 @@
 void strbuf_add_lines(struct strbuf *out, const char *prefix,
 		      const char *buf, size_t size)
 {
-	while (size) {
-		const char *next = memchr(buf, '\n', size);
-		next = next ? (next + 1) : (buf + size);
-		strbuf_addstr(out, prefix);
-		strbuf_add(out, buf, next - buf);
-		size -= next - buf;
-		buf = next;
+	add_lines(out, prefix, NULL, buf, size);
+}
+
+void strbuf_addstr_xml_quoted(struct strbuf *buf, const char *s)
+{
+	while (*s) {
+		size_t len = strcspn(s, "\"<>&");
+		strbuf_add(buf, s, len);
+		s += len;
+		switch (*s) {
+		case '"':
+			strbuf_addstr(buf, "&quot;");
+			break;
+		case '<':
+			strbuf_addstr(buf, "&lt;");
+			break;
+		case '>':
+			strbuf_addstr(buf, "&gt;");
+			break;
+		case '&':
+			strbuf_addstr(buf, "&amp;");
+			break;
+		case 0:
+			return;
+		}
+		s++;
 	}
-	strbuf_complete_line(out);
 }
 
 static int is_rfc3986_reserved(char ch)
@@ -445,8 +508,8 @@
 		ch == '-' || ch == '_' || ch == '.' || ch == '~';
 }
 
-void strbuf_add_urlencode(struct strbuf *sb, const char *s, size_t len,
-			  int reserved)
+static void strbuf_add_urlencode(struct strbuf *sb, const char *s, size_t len,
+				 int reserved)
 {
 	strbuf_grow(sb, len);
 	while (len--) {
@@ -465,13 +528,23 @@
 	strbuf_add_urlencode(sb, s, strlen(s), reserved);
 }
 
-void strbuf_addf_ln(struct strbuf *sb, const char *fmt, ...)
+void strbuf_humanise_bytes(struct strbuf *buf, off_t bytes)
 {
-	va_list ap;
-	va_start(ap, fmt);
-	strbuf_vaddf(sb, fmt, ap);
-	va_end(ap);
-	strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
+	if (bytes > 1 << 30) {
+		strbuf_addf(buf, "%u.%2.2u GiB",
+			    (int)(bytes >> 30),
+			    (int)(bytes & ((1 << 30) - 1)) / 10737419);
+	} else if (bytes > 1 << 20) {
+		int x = bytes + 5243;  /* for rounding */
+		strbuf_addf(buf, "%u.%2.2u MiB",
+			    x >> 20, ((x & ((1 << 20) - 1)) * 100) >> 20);
+	} else if (bytes > 1 << 10) {
+		int x = bytes + 5;  /* for rounding */
+		strbuf_addf(buf, "%u.%2.2u KiB",
+			    x >> 10, ((x & ((1 << 10) - 1)) * 100) >> 10);
+	} else {
+		strbuf_addf(buf, "%u bytes", (int)bytes);
+	}
 }
 
 int printf_ln(const char *fmt, ...)
diff --git a/strbuf.h b/strbuf.h
index b888d40..73e80ce 100644
--- a/strbuf.h
+++ b/strbuf.h
@@ -44,22 +44,56 @@
 extern void strbuf_ltrim(struct strbuf *);
 extern int strbuf_cmp(const struct strbuf *, const struct strbuf *);
 
+/*
+ * Split str (of length slen) at the specified terminator character.
+ * Return a null-terminated array of pointers to strbuf objects
+ * holding the substrings.  The substrings include the terminator,
+ * except for the last substring, which might be unterminated if the
+ * original string did not end with a terminator.  If max is positive,
+ * then split the string into at most max substrings (with the last
+ * substring containing everything following the (max-1)th terminator
+ * character).
+ *
+ * For lighter-weight alternatives, see string_list_split() and
+ * string_list_split_in_place().
+ */
 extern struct strbuf **strbuf_split_buf(const char *, size_t,
-					int delim, int max);
+					int terminator, int max);
+
+/*
+ * Split a NUL-terminated string at the specified terminator
+ * character.  See strbuf_split_buf() for more information.
+ */
 static inline struct strbuf **strbuf_split_str(const char *str,
-					       int delim, int max)
+					       int terminator, int max)
 {
-	return strbuf_split_buf(str, strlen(str), delim, max);
+	return strbuf_split_buf(str, strlen(str), terminator, max);
 }
+
+/*
+ * Split a strbuf at the specified terminator character.  See
+ * strbuf_split_buf() for more information.
+ */
 static inline struct strbuf **strbuf_split_max(const struct strbuf *sb,
-						int delim, int max)
+						int terminator, int max)
 {
-	return strbuf_split_buf(sb->buf, sb->len, delim, max);
+	return strbuf_split_buf(sb->buf, sb->len, terminator, max);
 }
-static inline struct strbuf **strbuf_split(const struct strbuf *sb, int delim)
+
+/*
+ * Split a strbuf at the specified terminator character.  See
+ * strbuf_split_buf() for more information.
+ */
+static inline struct strbuf **strbuf_split(const struct strbuf *sb,
+					   int terminator)
 {
-	return strbuf_split_max(sb, delim, 0);
+	return strbuf_split_max(sb, terminator, 0);
 }
+
+/*
+ * Free a NULL-terminated list of strbufs (for example, the return
+ * values of the strbuf_split*() functions).
+ */
 extern void strbuf_list_free(struct strbuf **);
 
 /*----- add data in your buffer -----*/
@@ -76,6 +110,8 @@
 extern void strbuf_splice(struct strbuf *, size_t pos, size_t len,
                           const void *, size_t);
 
+extern void strbuf_add_commented_lines(struct strbuf *out, const char *buf, size_t size);
+
 extern void strbuf_add(struct strbuf *, const void *, size_t);
 static inline void strbuf_addstr(struct strbuf *sb, const char *s) {
 	strbuf_add(sb, s, strlen(s));
@@ -97,13 +133,19 @@
 
 __attribute__((format (printf,2,3)))
 extern void strbuf_addf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *fmt, ...);
+__attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)))
+extern void strbuf_commented_addf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *fmt, ...);
 __attribute__((format (printf,2,0)))
 extern void strbuf_vaddf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *fmt, va_list ap);
-__attribute__((format (printf,2,3)))
-extern void strbuf_addf_ln(struct strbuf *sb, const char *fmt, ...);
 
 extern void strbuf_add_lines(struct strbuf *sb, const char *prefix, const char *buf, size_t size);
 
+/*
+ * Append s to sb, with the characters '<', '>', '&' and '"' converted
+ * into XML entities.
+ */
+extern void strbuf_addstr_xml_quoted(struct strbuf *sb, const char *s);
+
 static inline void strbuf_complete_line(struct strbuf *sb)
 {
 	if (sb->len && sb->buf[sb->len - 1] != '\n')
@@ -126,10 +168,9 @@
 extern int strbuf_branchname(struct strbuf *sb, const char *name);
 extern int strbuf_check_branch_ref(struct strbuf *sb, const char *name);
 
-extern void strbuf_add_urlencode(struct strbuf *, const char *, size_t,
-				 int reserved);
 extern void strbuf_addstr_urlencode(struct strbuf *, const char *,
 				    int reserved);
+extern void strbuf_humanise_bytes(struct strbuf *buf, off_t bytes);
 
 __attribute__((format (printf,1,2)))
 extern int printf_ln(const char *fmt, ...);
diff --git a/streaming.c b/streaming.c
index 4d978e5..cabcd9d 100644
--- a/streaming.c
+++ b/streaming.c
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@
 		if (!fs->input_finished) {
 			fs->i_end = read_istream(fs->upstream, fs->ibuf, FILTER_BUFFER);
 			if (fs->i_end < 0)
-				break;
+				return -1;
 			if (fs->i_end)
 				continue;
 		}
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@
 			st->z_state = z_done;
 			break;
 		}
-		if (status != Z_OK && status != Z_BUF_ERROR) {
+		if (status != Z_OK && (status != Z_BUF_ERROR || total_read < sz)) {
 			git_inflate_end(&st->z);
 			st->z_state = z_error;
 			return -1;
@@ -514,6 +514,8 @@
 		ssize_t wrote, holeto;
 		ssize_t readlen = read_istream(st, buf, sizeof(buf));
 
+		if (readlen < 0)
+			goto close_and_exit;
 		if (!readlen)
 			break;
 		if (can_seek && sizeof(buf) == readlen) {
diff --git a/string-list.c b/string-list.c
index d9810ab..aabb25e 100644
--- a/string-list.c
+++ b/string-list.c
@@ -7,10 +7,11 @@
 		int *exact_match)
 {
 	int left = -1, right = list->nr;
+	compare_strings_fn cmp = list->cmp ? list->cmp : strcmp;
 
 	while (left + 1 < right) {
 		int middle = (left + right) / 2;
-		int compare = strcmp(string, list->items[middle].string);
+		int compare = cmp(string, list->items[middle].string);
 		if (compare < 0)
 			right = middle;
 		else if (compare > 0)
@@ -92,6 +93,24 @@
 	return list->items + i;
 }
 
+void string_list_remove_duplicates(struct string_list *list, int free_util)
+{
+	if (list->nr > 1) {
+		int src, dst;
+		compare_strings_fn cmp = list->cmp ? list->cmp : strcmp;
+		for (src = dst = 1; src < list->nr; src++) {
+			if (!cmp(list->items[dst - 1].string, list->items[src].string)) {
+				if (list->strdup_strings)
+					free(list->items[src].string);
+				if (free_util)
+					free(list->items[src].util);
+			} else
+				list->items[dst++] = list->items[src];
+		}
+		list->nr = dst;
+	}
+}
+
 int for_each_string_list(struct string_list *list,
 			 string_list_each_func_t fn, void *cb_data)
 {
@@ -102,6 +121,32 @@
 	return ret;
 }
 
+void filter_string_list(struct string_list *list, int free_util,
+			string_list_each_func_t want, void *cb_data)
+{
+	int src, dst = 0;
+	for (src = 0; src < list->nr; src++) {
+		if (want(&list->items[src], cb_data)) {
+			list->items[dst++] = list->items[src];
+		} else {
+			if (list->strdup_strings)
+				free(list->items[src].string);
+			if (free_util)
+				free(list->items[src].util);
+		}
+	}
+	list->nr = dst;
+}
+
+static int item_is_not_empty(struct string_list_item *item, void *unused)
+{
+	return *item->string != '\0';
+}
+
+void string_list_remove_empty_items(struct string_list *list, int free_util) {
+	filter_string_list(list, free_util, item_is_not_empty, NULL);
+}
+
 void string_list_clear(struct string_list *list, int free_util)
 {
 	if (list->items) {
@@ -148,24 +193,39 @@
 		printf("%s:%p\n", p->items[i].string, p->items[i].util);
 }
 
-struct string_list_item *string_list_append(struct string_list *list, const char *string)
+struct string_list_item *string_list_append_nodup(struct string_list *list,
+						  char *string)
 {
+	struct string_list_item *retval;
 	ALLOC_GROW(list->items, list->nr + 1, list->alloc);
-	list->items[list->nr].string =
-		list->strdup_strings ? xstrdup(string) : (char *)string;
-	list->items[list->nr].util = NULL;
-	return list->items + list->nr++;
+	retval = &list->items[list->nr++];
+	retval->string = string;
+	retval->util = NULL;
+	return retval;
 }
 
+struct string_list_item *string_list_append(struct string_list *list,
+					    const char *string)
+{
+	return string_list_append_nodup(
+			list,
+			list->strdup_strings ? xstrdup(string) : (char *)string);
+}
+
+/* Yuck */
+static compare_strings_fn compare_for_qsort;
+
+/* Only call this from inside sort_string_list! */
 static int cmp_items(const void *a, const void *b)
 {
 	const struct string_list_item *one = a;
 	const struct string_list_item *two = b;
-	return strcmp(one->string, two->string);
+	return compare_for_qsort(one->string, two->string);
 }
 
 void sort_string_list(struct string_list *list)
 {
+	compare_for_qsort = list->cmp ? list->cmp : strcmp;
 	qsort(list->items, list->nr, sizeof(*list->items), cmp_items);
 }
 
@@ -173,8 +233,10 @@
 						     const char *string)
 {
 	int i;
+	compare_strings_fn cmp = list->cmp ? list->cmp : strcmp;
+
 	for (i = 0; i < list->nr; i++)
-		if (!strcmp(string, list->items[i].string))
+		if (!cmp(string, list->items[i].string))
 			return list->items + i;
 	return NULL;
 }
@@ -194,3 +256,56 @@
 	list->items[i] = list->items[list->nr-1];
 	list->nr--;
 }
+
+int string_list_split(struct string_list *list, const char *string,
+		      int delim, int maxsplit)
+{
+	int count = 0;
+	const char *p = string, *end;
+
+	if (!list->strdup_strings)
+		die("internal error in string_list_split(): "
+		    "list->strdup_strings must be set");
+	for (;;) {
+		count++;
+		if (maxsplit >= 0 && count > maxsplit) {
+			string_list_append(list, p);
+			return count;
+		}
+		end = strchr(p, delim);
+		if (end) {
+			string_list_append_nodup(list, xmemdupz(p, end - p));
+			p = end + 1;
+		} else {
+			string_list_append(list, p);
+			return count;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+int string_list_split_in_place(struct string_list *list, char *string,
+			       int delim, int maxsplit)
+{
+	int count = 0;
+	char *p = string, *end;
+
+	if (list->strdup_strings)
+		die("internal error in string_list_split_in_place(): "
+		    "list->strdup_strings must not be set");
+	for (;;) {
+		count++;
+		if (maxsplit >= 0 && count > maxsplit) {
+			string_list_append(list, p);
+			return count;
+		}
+		end = strchr(p, delim);
+		if (end) {
+			*end = '\0';
+			string_list_append(list, p);
+			p = end + 1;
+		} else {
+			string_list_append(list, p);
+			return count;
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/string-list.h b/string-list.h
index 0684cb7..de6769c 100644
--- a/string-list.h
+++ b/string-list.h
@@ -5,10 +5,14 @@
 	char *string;
 	void *util;
 };
+
+typedef int (*compare_strings_fn)(const char *, const char *);
+
 struct string_list {
 	struct string_list_item *items;
 	unsigned int nr, alloc;
 	unsigned int strdup_strings:1;
+	compare_strings_fn cmp; /* NULL uses strcmp() */
 };
 
 #define STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP { NULL, 0, 0, 0 }
@@ -29,6 +33,22 @@
 #define for_each_string_list_item(item,list) \
 	for (item = (list)->items; item < (list)->items + (list)->nr; ++item)
 
+/*
+ * Apply want to each item in list, retaining only the ones for which
+ * the function returns true.  If free_util is true, call free() on
+ * the util members of any items that have to be deleted.  Preserve
+ * the order of the items that are retained.
+ */
+void filter_string_list(struct string_list *list, int free_util,
+			string_list_each_func_t want, void *cb_data);
+
+/*
+ * Remove any empty strings from the list.  If free_util is true, call
+ * free() on the util members of any items that have to be deleted.
+ * Preserve the order of the items that are retained.
+ */
+void string_list_remove_empty_items(struct string_list *list, int free_util);
+
 /* Use these functions only on sorted lists: */
 int string_list_has_string(const struct string_list *list, const char *string);
 int string_list_find_insert_index(const struct string_list *list, const char *string,
@@ -38,11 +58,64 @@
 						     int insert_at, const char *string);
 struct string_list_item *string_list_lookup(struct string_list *list, const char *string);
 
+/*
+ * Remove all but the first of consecutive entries with the same
+ * string value.  If free_util is true, call free() on the util
+ * members of any items that have to be deleted.
+ */
+void string_list_remove_duplicates(struct string_list *sorted_list, int free_util);
+
+
 /* Use these functions only on unsorted lists: */
+
+/*
+ * Add string to the end of list.  If list->strdup_string is set, then
+ * string is copied; otherwise the new string_list_entry refers to the
+ * input string.
+ */
 struct string_list_item *string_list_append(struct string_list *list, const char *string);
+
+/*
+ * Like string_list_append(), except string is never copied.  When
+ * list->strdup_strings is set, this function can be used to hand
+ * ownership of a malloc()ed string to list without making an extra
+ * copy.
+ */
+struct string_list_item *string_list_append_nodup(struct string_list *list, char *string);
+
 void sort_string_list(struct string_list *list);
 int unsorted_string_list_has_string(struct string_list *list, const char *string);
 struct string_list_item *unsorted_string_list_lookup(struct string_list *list,
 						     const char *string);
+
 void unsorted_string_list_delete_item(struct string_list *list, int i, int free_util);
+
+/*
+ * Split string into substrings on character delim and append the
+ * substrings to list.  The input string is not modified.
+ * list->strdup_strings must be set, as new memory needs to be
+ * allocated to hold the substrings.  If maxsplit is non-negative,
+ * then split at most maxsplit times.  Return the number of substrings
+ * appended to list.
+ *
+ * Examples:
+ *   string_list_split(l, "foo:bar:baz", ':', -1) -> ["foo", "bar", "baz"]
+ *   string_list_split(l, "foo:bar:baz", ':', 0) -> ["foo:bar:baz"]
+ *   string_list_split(l, "foo:bar:baz", ':', 1) -> ["foo", "bar:baz"]
+ *   string_list_split(l, "foo:bar:", ':', -1) -> ["foo", "bar", ""]
+ *   string_list_split(l, "", ':', -1) -> [""]
+ *   string_list_split(l, ":", ':', -1) -> ["", ""]
+ */
+int string_list_split(struct string_list *list, const char *string,
+		      int delim, int maxsplit);
+
+/*
+ * Like string_list_split(), except that string is split in-place: the
+ * delimiter characters in string are overwritten with NULs, and the
+ * new string_list_items point into string (which therefore must not
+ * be modified or freed while the string_list is in use).
+ * list->strdup_strings must *not* be set.
+ */
+int string_list_split_in_place(struct string_list *list, char *string,
+			       int delim, int maxsplit);
 #endif /* STRING_LIST_H */
diff --git a/submodule.c b/submodule.c
index 959d349..1821a5b 100644
--- a/submodule.c
+++ b/submodule.c
@@ -126,45 +126,44 @@
 
 int parse_submodule_config_option(const char *var, const char *value)
 {
-	int len;
 	struct string_list_item *config;
-	struct strbuf submodname = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *name, *key;
+	int namelen;
 
-	var += 10;		/* Skip "submodule." */
+	if (parse_config_key(var, "submodule", &name, &namelen, &key) < 0 || !name)
+		return 0;
 
-	len = strlen(var);
-	if ((len > 5) && !strcmp(var + len - 5, ".path")) {
-		strbuf_add(&submodname, var, len - 5);
+	if (!strcmp(key, "path")) {
 		config = unsorted_string_list_lookup(&config_name_for_path, value);
 		if (config)
 			free(config->util);
 		else
 			config = string_list_append(&config_name_for_path, xstrdup(value));
-		config->util = strbuf_detach(&submodname, NULL);
-		strbuf_release(&submodname);
-	} else if ((len > 23) && !strcmp(var + len - 23, ".fetchrecursesubmodules")) {
-		strbuf_add(&submodname, var, len - 23);
-		config = unsorted_string_list_lookup(&config_fetch_recurse_submodules_for_name, submodname.buf);
+		config->util = xmemdupz(name, namelen);
+	} else if (!strcmp(key, "fetchrecursesubmodules")) {
+		char *name_cstr = xmemdupz(name, namelen);
+		config = unsorted_string_list_lookup(&config_fetch_recurse_submodules_for_name, name_cstr);
 		if (!config)
-			config = string_list_append(&config_fetch_recurse_submodules_for_name,
-						    strbuf_detach(&submodname, NULL));
+			config = string_list_append(&config_fetch_recurse_submodules_for_name, name_cstr);
+		else
+			free(name_cstr);
 		config->util = (void *)(intptr_t)parse_fetch_recurse_submodules_arg(var, value);
-		strbuf_release(&submodname);
-	} else if ((len > 7) && !strcmp(var + len - 7, ".ignore")) {
+	} else if (!strcmp(key, "ignore")) {
+		char *name_cstr;
+
 		if (strcmp(value, "untracked") && strcmp(value, "dirty") &&
 		    strcmp(value, "all") && strcmp(value, "none")) {
 			warning("Invalid parameter \"%s\" for config option \"submodule.%s.ignore\"", value, var);
 			return 0;
 		}
 
-		strbuf_add(&submodname, var, len - 7);
-		config = unsorted_string_list_lookup(&config_ignore_for_name, submodname.buf);
-		if (config)
+		name_cstr = xmemdupz(name, namelen);
+		config = unsorted_string_list_lookup(&config_ignore_for_name, name_cstr);
+		if (config) {
 			free(config->util);
-		else
-			config = string_list_append(&config_ignore_for_name,
-						    strbuf_detach(&submodname, NULL));
-		strbuf_release(&submodname);
+			free(name_cstr);
+		} else
+			config = string_list_append(&config_ignore_for_name, name_cstr);
 		config->util = xstrdup(value);
 		return 0;
 	}
@@ -217,6 +216,7 @@
 }
 
 static void print_submodule_summary(struct rev_info *rev, FILE *f,
+		const char *line_prefix,
 		const char *del, const char *add, const char *reset)
 {
 	static const char format[] = "  %m %s";
@@ -227,6 +227,7 @@
 		struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
 		ctx.date_mode = rev->date_mode;
 		strbuf_setlen(&sb, 0);
+		strbuf_addstr(&sb, line_prefix);
 		if (commit->object.flags & SYMMETRIC_LEFT) {
 			if (del)
 				strbuf_addstr(&sb, del);
@@ -257,12 +258,13 @@
 }
 
 void show_submodule_summary(FILE *f, const char *path,
+		const char *line_prefix,
 		unsigned char one[20], unsigned char two[20],
-		unsigned dirty_submodule,
+		unsigned dirty_submodule, const char *meta,
 		const char *del, const char *add, const char *reset)
 {
 	struct rev_info rev;
-	struct commit *left = left, *right = right;
+	struct commit *left = NULL, *right = NULL;
 	const char *message = NULL;
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int fast_forward = 0, fast_backward = 0;
@@ -276,38 +278,39 @@
 	else if (!(left = lookup_commit_reference(one)) ||
 		 !(right = lookup_commit_reference(two)))
 		message = "(commits not present)";
-
-	if (!message &&
-	    prepare_submodule_summary(&rev, path, left, right,
-					&fast_forward, &fast_backward))
+	else if (prepare_submodule_summary(&rev, path, left, right,
+					   &fast_forward, &fast_backward))
 		message = "(revision walker failed)";
 
 	if (dirty_submodule & DIRTY_SUBMODULE_UNTRACKED)
-		fprintf(f, "Submodule %s contains untracked content\n", path);
+		fprintf(f, "%sSubmodule %s contains untracked content\n",
+			line_prefix, path);
 	if (dirty_submodule & DIRTY_SUBMODULE_MODIFIED)
-		fprintf(f, "Submodule %s contains modified content\n", path);
+		fprintf(f, "%sSubmodule %s contains modified content\n",
+			line_prefix, path);
 
 	if (!hashcmp(one, two)) {
 		strbuf_release(&sb);
 		return;
 	}
 
-	strbuf_addf(&sb, "Submodule %s %s..", path,
+	strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s%sSubmodule %s %s..", line_prefix, meta, path,
 			find_unique_abbrev(one, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
 	if (!fast_backward && !fast_forward)
 		strbuf_addch(&sb, '.');
 	strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s", find_unique_abbrev(two, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
 	if (message)
-		strbuf_addf(&sb, " %s\n", message);
+		strbuf_addf(&sb, " %s%s\n", message, reset);
 	else
-		strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s:\n", fast_backward ? " (rewind)" : "");
+		strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s:%s\n", fast_backward ? " (rewind)" : "", reset);
 	fwrite(sb.buf, sb.len, 1, f);
 
-	if (!message) {
-		print_submodule_summary(&rev, f, del, add, reset);
+	if (!message) /* only NULL if we succeeded in setting up the walk */
+		print_submodule_summary(&rev, f, line_prefix, del, add, reset);
+	if (left)
 		clear_commit_marks(left, ~0);
+	if (right)
 		clear_commit_marks(right, ~0);
-	}
 
 	strbuf_release(&sb);
 }
@@ -574,8 +577,7 @@
 			DIFF_OPT_SET(&diff_opts, RECURSIVE);
 			diff_opts.output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_CALLBACK;
 			diff_opts.format_callback = submodule_collect_changed_cb;
-			if (diff_setup_done(&diff_opts) < 0)
-				die("diff_setup_done failed");
+			diff_setup_done(&diff_opts);
 			diff_tree_sha1(parent->item->object.sha1, commit->object.sha1, "", &diff_opts);
 			diffcore_std(&diff_opts);
 			diff_flush(&diff_opts);
@@ -589,33 +591,28 @@
 	initialized_fetch_ref_tips = 0;
 }
 
-int fetch_populated_submodules(int num_options, const char **options,
+int fetch_populated_submodules(const struct argv_array *options,
 			       const char *prefix, int command_line_option,
 			       int quiet)
 {
-	int i, result = 0, argc = 0, default_argc;
+	int i, result = 0;
 	struct child_process cp;
-	const char **argv;
+	struct argv_array argv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
 	struct string_list_item *name_for_path;
 	const char *work_tree = get_git_work_tree();
 	if (!work_tree)
 		goto out;
 
-	if (!the_index.initialized)
-		if (read_cache() < 0)
-			die("index file corrupt");
+	if (read_cache() < 0)
+		die("index file corrupt");
 
-	/* 6: "fetch" (options) --recurse-submodules-default default "--submodule-prefix" prefix NULL */
-	argv = xcalloc(num_options + 6, sizeof(const char *));
-	argv[argc++] = "fetch";
-	for (i = 0; i < num_options; i++)
-		argv[argc++] = options[i];
-	argv[argc++] = "--recurse-submodules-default";
-	default_argc = argc++;
-	argv[argc++] = "--submodule-prefix";
+	argv_array_push(&argv, "fetch");
+	for (i = 0; i < options->argc; i++)
+		argv_array_push(&argv, options->argv[i]);
+	argv_array_push(&argv, "--recurse-submodules-default");
+	/* default value, "--submodule-prefix" and its value are added later */
 
 	memset(&cp, 0, sizeof(cp));
-	cp.argv = argv;
 	cp.env = local_repo_env;
 	cp.git_cmd = 1;
 	cp.no_stdin = 1;
@@ -675,16 +672,21 @@
 			if (!quiet)
 				printf("Fetching submodule %s%s\n", prefix, ce->name);
 			cp.dir = submodule_path.buf;
-			argv[default_argc] = default_argv;
-			argv[argc] = submodule_prefix.buf;
+			argv_array_push(&argv, default_argv);
+			argv_array_push(&argv, "--submodule-prefix");
+			argv_array_push(&argv, submodule_prefix.buf);
+			cp.argv = argv.argv;
 			if (run_command(&cp))
 				result = 1;
+			argv_array_pop(&argv);
+			argv_array_pop(&argv);
+			argv_array_pop(&argv);
 		}
 		strbuf_release(&submodule_path);
 		strbuf_release(&submodule_git_dir);
 		strbuf_release(&submodule_prefix);
 	}
-	free(argv);
+	argv_array_clear(&argv);
 out:
 	string_list_clear(&changed_submodule_paths, 1);
 	return result;
@@ -759,6 +761,86 @@
 	return dirty_submodule;
 }
 
+int submodule_uses_gitfile(const char *path)
+{
+	struct child_process cp;
+	const char *argv[] = {
+		"submodule",
+		"foreach",
+		"--quiet",
+		"--recursive",
+		"test -f .git",
+		NULL,
+	};
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *git_dir;
+
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s/.git", path);
+	git_dir = read_gitfile(buf.buf);
+	if (!git_dir) {
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+
+	/* Now test that all nested submodules use a gitfile too */
+	memset(&cp, 0, sizeof(cp));
+	cp.argv = argv;
+	cp.env = local_repo_env;
+	cp.git_cmd = 1;
+	cp.no_stdin = 1;
+	cp.no_stderr = 1;
+	cp.no_stdout = 1;
+	cp.dir = path;
+	if (run_command(&cp))
+		return 0;
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+int ok_to_remove_submodule(const char *path)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+	ssize_t len;
+	struct child_process cp;
+	const char *argv[] = {
+		"status",
+		"--porcelain",
+		"-u",
+		"--ignore-submodules=none",
+		NULL,
+	};
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int ok_to_remove = 1;
+
+	if ((lstat(path, &st) < 0) || is_empty_dir(path))
+		return 1;
+
+	if (!submodule_uses_gitfile(path))
+		return 0;
+
+	memset(&cp, 0, sizeof(cp));
+	cp.argv = argv;
+	cp.env = local_repo_env;
+	cp.git_cmd = 1;
+	cp.no_stdin = 1;
+	cp.out = -1;
+	cp.dir = path;
+	if (start_command(&cp))
+		die("Could not run 'git status --porcelain -uall --ignore-submodules=none' in submodule %s", path);
+
+	len = strbuf_read(&buf, cp.out, 1024);
+	if (len > 2)
+		ok_to_remove = 0;
+	close(cp.out);
+
+	if (finish_command(&cp))
+		die("'git status --porcelain -uall --ignore-submodules=none' failed in submodule %s", path);
+
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	return ok_to_remove;
+}
+
 static int find_first_merges(struct object_array *result, const char *path,
 		struct commit *a, struct commit *b)
 {
@@ -789,7 +871,7 @@
 		die("revision walk setup failed");
 	while ((commit = get_revision(&revs)) != NULL) {
 		struct object *o = &(commit->object);
-		if (in_merge_bases(b, &commit, 1))
+		if (in_merge_bases(b, commit))
 			add_object_array(o, NULL, &merges);
 	}
 	reset_revision_walk();
@@ -804,7 +886,7 @@
 		contains_another = 0;
 		for (j = 0; j < merges.nr; j++) {
 			struct commit *m2 = (struct commit *) merges.objects[j].item;
-			if (i != j && in_merge_bases(m2, &m1, 1)) {
+			if (i != j && in_merge_bases(m2, m1)) {
 				contains_another = 1;
 				break;
 			}
@@ -866,18 +948,18 @@
 	}
 
 	/* check whether both changes are forward */
-	if (!in_merge_bases(commit_base, &commit_a, 1) ||
-	    !in_merge_bases(commit_base, &commit_b, 1)) {
+	if (!in_merge_bases(commit_base, commit_a) ||
+	    !in_merge_bases(commit_base, commit_b)) {
 		MERGE_WARNING(path, "commits don't follow merge-base");
 		return 0;
 	}
 
 	/* Case #1: a is contained in b or vice versa */
-	if (in_merge_bases(commit_a, &commit_b, 1)) {
+	if (in_merge_bases(commit_a, commit_b)) {
 		hashcpy(result, b);
 		return 1;
 	}
-	if (in_merge_bases(commit_b, &commit_a, 1)) {
+	if (in_merge_bases(commit_b, commit_a)) {
 		hashcpy(result, a);
 		return 1;
 	}
diff --git a/submodule.h b/submodule.h
index e105b0e..c7ffc7c 100644
--- a/submodule.h
+++ b/submodule.h
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #define SUBMODULE_H
 
 struct diff_options;
+struct argv_array;
 
 enum {
 	RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON_DEMAND = -1,
@@ -18,15 +19,18 @@
 void handle_ignore_submodules_arg(struct diff_options *diffopt, const char *);
 int parse_fetch_recurse_submodules_arg(const char *opt, const char *arg);
 void show_submodule_summary(FILE *f, const char *path,
+		const char *line_prefix,
 		unsigned char one[20], unsigned char two[20],
-		unsigned dirty_submodule,
+		unsigned dirty_submodule, const char *meta,
 		const char *del, const char *add, const char *reset);
 void set_config_fetch_recurse_submodules(int value);
 void check_for_new_submodule_commits(unsigned char new_sha1[20]);
-int fetch_populated_submodules(int num_options, const char **options,
+int fetch_populated_submodules(const struct argv_array *options,
 			       const char *prefix, int command_line_option,
 			       int quiet);
 unsigned is_submodule_modified(const char *path, int ignore_untracked);
+int submodule_uses_gitfile(const char *path);
+int ok_to_remove_submodule(const char *path);
 int merge_submodule(unsigned char result[20], const char *path, const unsigned char base[20],
 		    const unsigned char a[20], const unsigned char b[20], int search);
 int find_unpushed_submodules(unsigned char new_sha1[20], const char *remotes_name,
diff --git a/symlinks.c b/symlinks.c
index 2900367..c2b41a8 100644
--- a/symlinks.c
+++ b/symlinks.c
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 
+static int threaded_check_leading_path(struct cache_def *cache, const char *name, int len);
+static int threaded_has_dirs_only_path(struct cache_def *cache, const char *name, int len, int prefix_len);
+
 /*
  * Returns the length (on a path component basis) of the longest
  * common prefix match of 'name_a' and 'name_b'.
@@ -231,7 +234,7 @@
  * Return path length if leading path exists and is neither a
  * directory nor a symlink.
  */
-int threaded_check_leading_path(struct cache_def *cache, const char *name, int len)
+static int threaded_check_leading_path(struct cache_def *cache, const char *name, int len)
 {
 	int flags;
 	int match_len = lstat_cache_matchlen(cache, name, len, &flags,
@@ -263,7 +266,7 @@
  * 'prefix_len', thus we then allow for symlinks in the prefix part as
  * long as those points to real existing directories.
  */
-int threaded_has_dirs_only_path(struct cache_def *cache, const char *name, int len, int prefix_len)
+static int threaded_has_dirs_only_path(struct cache_def *cache, const char *name, int len, int prefix_len)
 {
 	return lstat_cache(cache, name, len,
 			   FL_DIR|FL_FULLPATH, prefix_len) &
diff --git a/t/Git-SVN/00compile.t b/t/Git-SVN/00compile.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c92fee4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/Git-SVN/00compile.t
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env perl
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+use Test::More tests => 7;
+
+require_ok 'Git::SVN';
+require_ok 'Git::SVN::Utils';
+require_ok 'Git::SVN::Ra';
+require_ok 'Git::SVN::Log';
+require_ok 'Git::SVN::Migration';
+require_ok 'Git::IndexInfo';
+require_ok 'Git::SVN::GlobSpec';
diff --git a/t/Git-SVN/Utils/add_path_to_url.t b/t/Git-SVN/Utils/add_path_to_url.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bfbd878
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/Git-SVN/Utils/add_path_to_url.t
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env perl
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+use Test::More 'no_plan';
+
+use Git::SVN::Utils qw(
+	add_path_to_url
+);
+
+# A reference cannot be a hash key, so we use an array.
+my @tests = (
+	["http://x.com", "bar"]			=> 'http://x.com/bar',
+	["http://x.com", ""]			=> 'http://x.com',
+	["http://x.com/foo/", undef]		=> 'http://x.com/foo/',
+	["http://x.com/foo/", "/bar/baz/"]	=> 'http://x.com/foo/bar/baz/',
+	["http://x.com", 'per%cent']		=> 'http://x.com/per%25cent',
+);
+
+while(@tests) {
+	my($have, $want) = splice @tests, 0, 2;
+
+	my $args = join ", ", map { qq['$_'] } map { defined($_) ? $_ : 'undef' } @$have;
+	my $name = "add_path_to_url($args) eq $want";
+	is add_path_to_url(@$have), $want, $name;
+}
diff --git a/t/Git-SVN/Utils/can_compress.t b/t/Git-SVN/Utils/can_compress.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d7b49b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/Git-SVN/Utils/can_compress.t
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+use Test::More 'no_plan';
+
+use Git::SVN::Utils qw(can_compress);
+
+# !! is the "convert this to boolean" operator.
+is !!can_compress(), !!eval { require Compress::Zlib };
diff --git a/t/Git-SVN/Utils/canonicalize_url.t b/t/Git-SVN/Utils/canonicalize_url.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..05795ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/Git-SVN/Utils/canonicalize_url.t
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env perl
+
+# Test our own home rolled URL canonicalizer.  Test the private one
+# directly because we can't predict what the SVN API is doing to do.
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+use Test::More 'no_plan';
+
+use Git::SVN::Utils;
+my $canonicalize_url = \&Git::SVN::Utils::_canonicalize_url_ourselves;
+
+my %tests = (
+	"http://x.com"			=> "http://x.com",
+	"http://x.com/"			=> "http://x.com",
+	"http://x.com/foo/bar"		=> "http://x.com/foo/bar",
+	"http://x.com//foo//bar//"	=> "http://x.com/foo/bar",
+	"http://x.com/  /%/"		=> "http://x.com/%20%20/%25",
+);
+
+for my $arg (keys %tests) {
+	my $want = $tests{$arg};
+
+	is $canonicalize_url->($arg), $want, "canonicalize_url('$arg') => $want";
+}
diff --git a/t/Git-SVN/Utils/collapse_dotdot.t b/t/Git-SVN/Utils/collapse_dotdot.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1da1cce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/Git-SVN/Utils/collapse_dotdot.t
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env perl
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+use Test::More 'no_plan';
+
+use Git::SVN::Utils;
+my $collapse_dotdot = \&Git::SVN::Utils::_collapse_dotdot;
+
+my %tests = (
+	"foo/bar/baz"			=> "foo/bar/baz",
+	".."				=> "..",
+	"foo/.."			=> "",
+	"/foo/bar/../../baz"		=> "/baz",
+	"deeply/.././deeply/nested"	=> "./deeply/nested",
+);
+
+for my $arg (keys %tests) {
+	my $want = $tests{$arg};
+
+	is $collapse_dotdot->($arg), $want, "_collapse_dotdot('$arg') => $want";
+}
diff --git a/t/Git-SVN/Utils/fatal.t b/t/Git-SVN/Utils/fatal.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49e1438
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/Git-SVN/Utils/fatal.t
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+use Test::More 'no_plan';
+
+BEGIN {
+	# Override exit at BEGIN time before Git::SVN::Utils is loaded
+	# so it will see our local exit later.
+	*CORE::GLOBAL::exit = sub(;$) {
+	return @_ ? CORE::exit($_[0]) : CORE::exit();
+	};
+}
+
+use Git::SVN::Utils qw(fatal);
+
+# fatal()
+{
+	# Capture the exit code and prevent exit.
+	my $exit_status;
+	no warnings 'redefine';
+	local *CORE::GLOBAL::exit = sub { $exit_status = $_[0] || 0 };
+
+	# Trap fatal's message to STDERR
+	my $stderr;
+	close STDERR;
+	ok open STDERR, ">", \$stderr;
+
+	fatal "Some", "Stuff", "Happened";
+
+	is $stderr, "Some Stuff Happened\n";
+	is $exit_status, 1;
+}
diff --git a/t/Git-SVN/Utils/join_paths.t b/t/Git-SVN/Utils/join_paths.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d4488e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/Git-SVN/Utils/join_paths.t
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env perl
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+use Test::More 'no_plan';
+
+use Git::SVN::Utils qw(
+	join_paths
+);
+
+# A reference cannot be a hash key, so we use an array.
+my @tests = (
+	[]					=> '',
+	["/x.com", "bar"]			=> '/x.com/bar',
+	["x.com", ""]				=> 'x.com',
+	["/x.com/foo/", undef, "bar"]		=> '/x.com/foo/bar',
+	["x.com/foo/", "/bar/baz/"]		=> 'x.com/foo/bar/baz/',
+	["foo", "bar"]				=> 'foo/bar',
+	["/foo/bar", "baz", "/biff"]		=> '/foo/bar/baz/biff',
+	["", undef, "."]			=> '.',
+	[]					=> '',
+
+);
+
+while(@tests) {
+	my($have, $want) = splice @tests, 0, 2;
+
+	my $args = join ", ", map { qq['$_'] } map { defined($_) ? $_ : 'undef' } @$have;
+	my $name = "join_paths($args) eq '$want'";
+	is join_paths(@$have), $want, $name;
+}
diff --git a/t/Makefile b/t/Makefile
index 88e289f..44ca7d3 100644
--- a/t/Makefile
+++ b/t/Makefile
@@ -6,16 +6,18 @@
 -include ../config.mak.autogen
 -include ../config.mak
 
-#GIT_TEST_OPTS=--verbose --debug
+#GIT_TEST_OPTS = --verbose --debug
 SHELL_PATH ?= $(SHELL)
 PERL_PATH ?= /usr/bin/perl
 TAR ?= $(TAR)
 RM ?= rm -f
 PROVE ?= prove
 DEFAULT_TEST_TARGET ?= test
+TEST_LINT ?= test-lint-duplicates test-lint-executable
 
 # Shell quote;
 SHELL_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(SHELL_PATH))
+PERL_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(PERL_PATH))
 
 T = $(sort $(wildcard t[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]-*.sh))
 TSVN = $(sort $(wildcard t91[0-9][0-9]-*.sh))
@@ -43,7 +45,7 @@
 clean: clean-except-prove-cache
 	$(RM) .prove
 
-test-lint: test-lint-duplicates test-lint-executable
+test-lint: test-lint-duplicates test-lint-executable test-lint-shell-syntax
 
 test-lint-duplicates:
 	@dups=`echo $(T) | tr ' ' '\n' | sed 's/-.*//' | sort | uniq -d` && \
@@ -55,6 +57,9 @@
 		test -z "$$bad" || { \
 		echo >&2 "non-executable tests:" $$bad; exit 1; }
 
+test-lint-shell-syntax:
+	@'$(PERL_PATH_SQ)' check-non-portable-shell.pl $(T)
+
 aggregate-results-and-cleanup: $(T)
 	$(MAKE) aggregate-results
 	$(MAKE) clean
@@ -78,42 +83,4 @@
 perf:
 	$(MAKE) -C perf/ all
 
-# Smoke testing targets
--include ../GIT-VERSION-FILE
-uname_S := $(shell sh -c 'uname -s 2>/dev/null || echo unknown')
-uname_M := $(shell sh -c 'uname -m 2>/dev/null || echo unknown')
-
-test-results:
-	mkdir -p test-results
-
-test-results/git-smoke.tar.gz: test-results
-	$(PERL_PATH) ./harness \
-		--archive="test-results/git-smoke.tar.gz" \
-		$(T)
-
-smoke: test-results/git-smoke.tar.gz
-
-SMOKE_UPLOAD_FLAGS =
-ifdef SMOKE_USERNAME
-	SMOKE_UPLOAD_FLAGS += -F username="$(SMOKE_USERNAME)" -F password="$(SMOKE_PASSWORD)"
-endif
-ifdef SMOKE_COMMENT
-	SMOKE_UPLOAD_FLAGS += -F comments="$(SMOKE_COMMENT)"
-endif
-ifdef SMOKE_TAGS
-	SMOKE_UPLOAD_FLAGS += -F tags="$(SMOKE_TAGS)"
-endif
-
-smoke_report: smoke
-	curl \
-		-H "Expect: " \
-		-F project=Git \
-		-F architecture="$(uname_M)" \
-		-F platform="$(uname_S)" \
-		-F revision="$(GIT_VERSION)" \
-		-F report_file=@test-results/git-smoke.tar.gz \
-		$(SMOKE_UPLOAD_FLAGS) \
-		http://smoke.git.nix.is/app/projects/process_add_report/1 \
-	| grep -v ^Redirecting
-
 .PHONY: pre-clean $(T) aggregate-results clean valgrind perf
diff --git a/t/README b/t/README
index 3534f43..35b3c5c 100644
--- a/t/README
+++ b/t/README
@@ -86,23 +86,35 @@
 
 --immediate::
 	This causes the test to immediately exit upon the first
-	failed test.
+	failed test. Cleanup commands requested with
+	test_when_finished are not executed if the test failed,
+	in order to keep the state for inspection by the tester
+	to diagnose the bug.
 
 --long-tests::
 	This causes additional long-running tests to be run (where
 	available), for more exhaustive testing.
 
---valgrind::
-	Execute all Git binaries with valgrind and exit with status
-	126 on errors (just like regular tests, this will only stop
-	the test script when running under -i).  Valgrind errors
-	go to stderr, so you might want to pass the -v option, too.
+--valgrind=<tool>::
+	Execute all Git binaries under valgrind tool <tool> and exit
+	with status 126 on errors (just like regular tests, this will
+	only stop the test script when running under -i).
 
 	Since it makes no sense to run the tests with --valgrind and
 	not see any output, this option implies --verbose.  For
 	convenience, it also implies --tee.
 
-	Note that valgrind is run with the option --leak-check=no,
+	<tool> defaults to 'memcheck', just like valgrind itself.
+	Other particularly useful choices include 'helgrind' and
+	'drd', but you may use any tool recognized by your valgrind
+	installation.
+
+	As a special case, <tool> can be 'memcheck-fast', which uses
+	memcheck but disables --track-origins.  Use this if you are
+	running tests in bulk, to see if there are _any_ memory
+	issues.
+
+	Note that memcheck is run with the option --leak-check=no,
 	as the git process is short-lived and some errors are not
 	interesting. In order to run a single command under the same
 	conditions manually, you should set GIT_VALGRIND to point to
@@ -307,6 +319,28 @@
    Use test_done instead if you need to stop the tests early (see
    "Skipping tests" below).
 
+ - use '! git cmd' when you want to make sure the git command exits
+   with failure in a controlled way by calling "die()".  Instead,
+   use 'test_must_fail git cmd'.  This will signal a failure if git
+   dies in an unexpected way (e.g. segfault).
+
+   On the other hand, don't use test_must_fail for running regular
+   platform commands; just use '! cmd'.
+
+ - use perl without spelling it as "$PERL_PATH". This is to help our
+   friends on Windows where the platform Perl often adds CR before
+   the end of line, and they bundle Git with a version of Perl that
+   does not do so, whose path is specified with $PERL_PATH.
+
+ - use sh without spelling it as "$SHELL_PATH", when the script can
+   be misinterpreted by broken platform shell (e.g. Solaris).
+
+ - chdir around in tests.  It is not sufficient to chdir to
+   somewhere and then chdir back to the original location later in
+   the test, as any intermediate step can fail and abort the test,
+   causing the next test to start in an unexpected directory.  Do so
+   inside a subshell if necessary.
+
  - Break the TAP output
 
    The raw output from your test may be interpreted by a TAP harness. TAP
@@ -342,9 +376,9 @@
 of the test_* functions (see the "Test harness library" section
 below), e.g.:
 
-    test_expect_success PERL 'I need Perl' "
-        '$PERL_PATH' -e 'hlagh() if unf_unf()'
-    "
+    test_expect_success PERL 'I need Perl' '
+        "$PERL_PATH" -e "hlagh() if unf_unf()"
+    '
 
 The advantage of skipping tests like this is that platforms that don't
 have the PERL and other optional dependencies get an indication of how
@@ -591,6 +625,11 @@
    The process retains the same pid across exec(2). See fb9a2bea for
    details.
 
+ - PIPE
+
+   The filesystem we're on supports creation of FIFOs (named pipes)
+   via mkfifo(1).
+
  - SYMLINKS
 
    The filesystem we're on supports symbolic links. E.g. a FAT
@@ -606,6 +645,15 @@
    Git was compiled with USE_LIBPCRE=YesPlease. Wrap any tests
    that use git-grep --perl-regexp or git-grep -P in these.
 
+ - CASE_INSENSITIVE_FS
+
+   Test is run on a case insensitive file system.
+
+ - UTF8_NFD_TO_NFC
+
+   Test is run on a filesystem which converts decomposed utf-8 (nfd)
+   to precomposed utf-8 (nfc).
+
 Tips for Writing Tests
 ----------------------
 
diff --git a/t/check-non-portable-shell.pl b/t/check-non-portable-shell.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8b5a71d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/check-non-portable-shell.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+# Test t0000..t9999.sh for non portable shell scripts
+# This script can be called with one or more filenames as parameters
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+my $exit_code=0;
+
+sub err {
+	my $msg = shift;
+	print "$ARGV:$.: error: $msg: $_\n";
+	$exit_code = 1;
+}
+
+while (<>) {
+	chomp;
+	/^\s*sed\s+-i/ and err 'sed -i is not portable';
+	/^\s*echo\s+-n/ and err 'echo -n is not portable (please use printf)';
+	/^\s*declare\s+/ and err 'arrays/declare not portable';
+	/^\s*[^#]\s*which\s/ and err 'which is not portable (please use type)';
+	/test\s+[^=]*==/ and err '"test a == b" is not portable (please use =)';
+	# this resets our $. for each file
+	close ARGV if eof;
+}
+exit $exit_code;
diff --git a/t/lib-bash.sh b/t/lib-bash.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..11397f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/lib-bash.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Ensures that tests are run under Bash; primarily intended for running tests
+# of the completion script.
+
+if test -n "$BASH" && test -z "$POSIXLY_CORRECT"; then
+	# we are in full-on bash mode
+	true
+elif type bash >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+	# execute in full-on bash mode
+	unset POSIXLY_CORRECT
+	exec bash "$0" "$@"
+else
+	echo '1..0 #SKIP skipping bash completion tests; bash not available'
+	exit 0
+fi
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
diff --git a/t/lib-credential.sh b/t/lib-credential.sh
index 4a37cd7..3c43ff1 100755
--- a/t/lib-credential.sh
+++ b/t/lib-credential.sh
@@ -4,10 +4,24 @@
 # stdout and stderr should be provided on stdin,
 # separated by "--".
 check() {
+	credential_opts=
+	credential_cmd=$1
+	shift
+	for arg in "$@"; do
+		credential_opts="$credential_opts -c credential.helper='$arg'"
+	done
 	read_chunk >stdin &&
 	read_chunk >expect-stdout &&
 	read_chunk >expect-stderr &&
-	test-credential "$@" <stdin >stdout 2>stderr &&
+	if ! eval "git $credential_opts credential $credential_cmd <stdin >stdout 2>stderr"; then
+		echo "git credential failed with code $?" &&
+		cat stderr &&
+		false
+	fi &&
+	if test_have_prereq MINGW
+	then
+		dos2unix -q stderr
+	fi &&
 	test_cmp expect-stdout stdout &&
 	test_cmp expect-stderr stderr
 }
@@ -41,7 +55,7 @@
 		echo protocol=$2
 		echo host=$3
 		echo username=$4
-	) | test-credential reject $1
+	) | git -c credential.helper=$1 credential reject
 }
 
 helper_test() {
@@ -52,6 +66,8 @@
 		protocol=https
 		host=example.com
 		--
+		protocol=https
+		host=example.com
 		username=askpass-username
 		password=askpass-password
 		--
@@ -74,6 +90,8 @@
 		protocol=https
 		host=example.com
 		--
+		protocol=https
+		host=example.com
 		username=store-user
 		password=store-pass
 		--
@@ -85,6 +103,8 @@
 		protocol=http
 		host=example.com
 		--
+		protocol=http
+		host=example.com
 		username=askpass-username
 		password=askpass-password
 		--
@@ -98,6 +118,8 @@
 		protocol=https
 		host=other.tld
 		--
+		protocol=https
+		host=other.tld
 		username=askpass-username
 		password=askpass-password
 		--
@@ -112,6 +134,8 @@
 		host=example.com
 		username=other
 		--
+		protocol=https
+		host=example.com
 		username=other
 		password=askpass-password
 		--
@@ -133,6 +157,9 @@
 		host=path.tld
 		path=bar.git
 		--
+		protocol=http
+		host=path.tld
+		path=bar.git
 		username=askpass-username
 		password=askpass-password
 		--
@@ -150,6 +177,8 @@
 		protocol=https
 		host=example.com
 		--
+		protocol=https
+		host=example.com
 		username=askpass-username
 		password=askpass-password
 		--
@@ -176,6 +205,8 @@
 		host=example.com
 		username=user1
 		--
+		protocol=https
+		host=example.com
 		username=user1
 		password=pass1
 		EOF
@@ -184,6 +215,8 @@
 		host=example.com
 		username=user2
 		--
+		protocol=https
+		host=example.com
 		username=user2
 		password=pass2
 		EOF
@@ -200,6 +233,8 @@
 		host=example.com
 		username=user1
 		--
+		protocol=https
+		host=example.com
 		username=user1
 		password=askpass-password
 		--
@@ -213,6 +248,8 @@
 		host=example.com
 		username=user2
 		--
+		protocol=https
+		host=example.com
 		username=user2
 		password=pass2
 		EOF
@@ -234,6 +271,8 @@
 		protocol=https
 		host=timeout.tld
 		--
+		protocol=https
+		host=timeout.tld
 		username=askpass-username
 		password=askpass-password
 		--
diff --git a/t/lib-gettext.sh b/t/lib-gettext.sh
index 0f76f6c..ae8883a 100644
--- a/t/lib-gettext.sh
+++ b/t/lib-gettext.sh
@@ -14,12 +14,14 @@
 if test_have_prereq GETTEXT && ! test_have_prereq GETTEXT_POISON
 then
 	# is_IS.UTF-8 on Solaris and FreeBSD, is_IS.utf8 on Debian
-	is_IS_locale=$(locale -a | sed -n '/^is_IS\.[uU][tT][fF]-*8$/{
+	is_IS_locale=$(locale -a 2>/dev/null |
+		sed -n '/^is_IS\.[uU][tT][fF]-*8$/{
 		p
 		q
 	}')
 	# is_IS.ISO8859-1 on Solaris and FreeBSD, is_IS.iso88591 on Debian
-	is_IS_iso_locale=$(locale -a | sed -n '/^is_IS\.[iI][sS][oO]8859-*1$/{
+	is_IS_iso_locale=$(locale -a 2>/dev/null |
+		sed -n '/^is_IS\.[iI][sS][oO]8859-*1$/{
 		p
 		q
 	}')
diff --git a/t/lib-git-p4.sh b/t/lib-git-p4.sh
index 121e380..2098b9b 100644
--- a/t/lib-git-p4.sh
+++ b/t/lib-git-p4.sh
@@ -2,9 +2,14 @@
 # Library code for git p4 tests
 #
 
+# p4 tests never use the top-level repo; always build/clone into
+# a subdirectory called "$git"
+TEST_NO_CREATE_REPO=NoThanks
+
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-if ! test_have_prereq PYTHON; then
+if ! test_have_prereq PYTHON
+then
 	skip_all='skipping git p4 tests; python not available'
 	test_done
 fi
@@ -13,6 +18,24 @@
 	test_done
 }
 
+# On cygwin, the NT version of Perforce can be used.  When giving
+# it paths, either on the command-line or in client specifications,
+# be sure to use the native windows form.
+#
+# Older versions of perforce were available compiled natively for
+# cygwin.  Those do not accept native windows paths, so make sure
+# not to convert for them.
+native_path() {
+	path="$1" &&
+	if test_have_prereq CYGWIN && ! p4 -V | grep -q CYGWIN
+	then
+		path=$(cygpath --windows "$path")
+	else
+		path=$(test-path-utils real_path "$path")
+	fi &&
+	echo "$path"
+}
+
 # Try to pick a unique port: guess a large number, then hope
 # no more than one of each test is running.
 #
@@ -22,9 +45,10 @@
 git_p4_test_start=9800
 P4DPORT=$((10669 + ($testid - $git_p4_test_start)))
 
-export P4PORT=localhost:$P4DPORT
-export P4CLIENT=client
-export P4EDITOR=:
+P4PORT=localhost:$P4DPORT
+P4CLIENT=client
+P4EDITOR=:
+export P4PORT P4CLIENT P4EDITOR
 
 db="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/db"
 cli="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/cli"
@@ -33,26 +57,48 @@
 
 start_p4d() {
 	mkdir -p "$db" "$cli" "$git" &&
+	rm -f "$pidfile" &&
 	(
-		p4d -q -r "$db" -p $P4DPORT &
-		echo $! >"$pidfile"
+		cd "$db" &&
+		{
+			p4d -q -p $P4DPORT &
+			echo $! >"$pidfile"
+		}
 	) &&
-	for i in 1 2 3 4 5 ; do
-		p4 info >/dev/null 2>&1 && break || true &&
-		echo waiting for p4d to start &&
+
+	# This gives p4d a long time to start up, as it can be
+	# quite slow depending on the machine.  Set this environment
+	# variable to something smaller to fail faster in, say,
+	# an automated test setup.  If the p4d process dies, that
+	# will be caught with the "kill -0" check below.
+	i=${P4D_START_PATIENCE:-300}
+	pid=$(cat "$pidfile")
+	ready=
+	while test $i -gt 0
+	do
+		# succeed when p4 client commands start to work
+		if p4 info >/dev/null 2>&1
+		then
+			ready=true
+			break
+		fi
+		# fail if p4d died
+		kill -0 $pid 2>/dev/null || break
+		echo waiting for p4d to start
 		sleep 1
-	done &&
-	# complain if it never started
-	p4 info >/dev/null &&
-	(
-		cd "$cli" &&
-		p4 client -i <<-EOF
-		Client: client
-		Description: client
-		Root: $cli
-		View: //depot/... //client/...
-		EOF
-	)
+		i=$(( $i - 1 ))
+	done
+
+	if test -z "$ready"
+	then
+		# p4d failed to start
+		return 1
+	fi
+
+	# build a client
+	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
+
+	return 0
 }
 
 kill_p4d() {
@@ -69,5 +115,49 @@
 }
 
 cleanup_git() {
-	rm -rf "$git"
+	rm -rf "$git" &&
+	mkdir "$git"
+}
+
+marshal_dump() {
+	what=$1 &&
+	line=${2:-1} &&
+	cat >"$TRASH_DIRECTORY/marshal-dump.py" <<-EOF &&
+	import marshal
+	import sys
+	for i in range($line):
+	    d = marshal.load(sys.stdin)
+	print d['$what']
+	EOF
+	"$PYTHON_PATH" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/marshal-dump.py"
+}
+
+#
+# Construct a client with this list of View lines
+#
+client_view() {
+	(
+		cat <<-EOF &&
+		Client: $P4CLIENT
+		Description: $P4CLIENT
+		Root: $cli
+		AltRoots: $(native_path "$cli")
+		LineEnd: unix
+		View:
+		EOF
+		printf "\t%s\n" "$@"
+	) | p4 client -i
+}
+
+is_cli_file_writeable() {
+	# cygwin version of p4 does not set read-only attr,
+	# will be marked 444 but -w is true
+	file="$1" &&
+	if test_have_prereq CYGWIN && p4 -V | grep -q CYGWIN
+	then
+		stat=$(stat --format=%a "$file") &&
+		test $stat = 644
+	else
+		test -w "$file"
+	fi
 }
diff --git a/t/lib-git-svn.sh b/t/lib-git-svn.sh
index 199f22c..c5e55b1 100644
--- a/t/lib-git-svn.sh
+++ b/t/lib-git-svn.sh
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@
 convert_to_rev_db () {
 	"$PERL_PATH" -w -- - "$@" <<\EOF
 use strict;
-@ARGV == 2 or die "Usage: convert_to_rev_db <input> <output>";
+@ARGV == 2 or die "usage: convert_to_rev_db <input> <output>";
 open my $wr, '+>', $ARGV[1] or die "$!: couldn't open: $ARGV[1]";
 open my $rd, '<', $ARGV[0] or die "$!: couldn't open: $ARGV[0]";
 my $size = (stat($rd))[7];
diff --git a/t/lib-gpg/pubring.gpg b/t/lib-gpg/pubring.gpg
index 83855fa..1a3c2d4 100644
--- a/t/lib-gpg/pubring.gpg
+++ b/t/lib-gpg/pubring.gpg
Binary files differ
diff --git a/t/lib-gpg/random_seed b/t/lib-gpg/random_seed
index 8fed133..95d249f 100644
--- a/t/lib-gpg/random_seed
+++ b/t/lib-gpg/random_seed
Binary files differ
diff --git a/t/lib-gpg/secring.gpg b/t/lib-gpg/secring.gpg
index d831cd9..82dca8f 100644
--- a/t/lib-gpg/secring.gpg
+++ b/t/lib-gpg/secring.gpg
Binary files differ
diff --git a/t/lib-gpg/trustdb.gpg b/t/lib-gpg/trustdb.gpg
index abace96..4879ae9 100644
--- a/t/lib-gpg/trustdb.gpg
+++ b/t/lib-gpg/trustdb.gpg
Binary files differ
diff --git a/t/lib-httpd.sh b/t/lib-httpd.sh
index 094d490..895b925 100644
--- a/t/lib-httpd.sh
+++ b/t/lib-httpd.sh
@@ -43,6 +43,10 @@
 HTTPD_ROOT_PATH="$PWD"/httpd
 HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH=$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH/www
 
+# hack to suppress apache PassEnv warnings
+GIT_VALGRIND=$GIT_VALGRIND; export GIT_VALGRIND
+GIT_VALGRIND_OPTIONS=$GIT_VALGRIND_OPTIONS; export GIT_VALGRIND_OPTIONS
+
 if ! test -x "$LIB_HTTPD_PATH"
 then
 	skip_all="skipping test, no web server found at '$LIB_HTTPD_PATH'"
@@ -76,6 +80,7 @@
 prepare_httpd() {
 	mkdir -p "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"
 	cp "$TEST_PATH"/passwd "$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH"
+	cp "$TEST_PATH"/broken-smart-http.sh "$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH"
 
 	ln -s "$LIB_HTTPD_MODULE_PATH" "$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH/modules"
 
@@ -163,3 +168,42 @@
 		test_i18ngrep "Updates were rejected because" output
 	'
 }
+
+setup_askpass_helper() {
+	test_expect_success 'setup askpass helper' '
+		write_script "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/askpass" <<-\EOF &&
+		echo >>"$TRASH_DIRECTORY/askpass-query" "askpass: $*" &&
+		cat "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/askpass-response"
+		EOF
+		GIT_ASKPASS="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/askpass" &&
+		export GIT_ASKPASS &&
+		export TRASH_DIRECTORY
+	'
+}
+
+set_askpass() {
+	>"$TRASH_DIRECTORY/askpass-query" &&
+	echo "$*" >"$TRASH_DIRECTORY/askpass-response"
+}
+
+expect_askpass() {
+	dest=$HTTPD_DEST
+	{
+		case "$1" in
+		none)
+			;;
+		pass)
+			echo "askpass: Password for 'http://$2@$dest': "
+			;;
+		both)
+			echo "askpass: Username for 'http://$dest': "
+			echo "askpass: Password for 'http://$2@$dest': "
+			;;
+		*)
+			false
+			;;
+		esac
+	} >"$TRASH_DIRECTORY/askpass-expect" &&
+	test_cmp "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/askpass-expect" \
+		 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/askpass-query"
+}
diff --git a/t/lib-httpd/apache.conf b/t/lib-httpd/apache.conf
index de3762e..b5bce45 100644
--- a/t/lib-httpd/apache.conf
+++ b/t/lib-httpd/apache.conf
@@ -40,30 +40,43 @@
 <IfModule !mod_authz_user.c>
 	LoadModule authz_user_module modules/mod_authz_user.so
 </IfModule>
+<IfModule !mod_authz_host.c>
+	LoadModule authz_host_module modules/mod_authz_host.so
+</IfModule>
 </IfVersion>
 
-Alias /dumb/ www/
-Alias /auth/ www/auth/
+PassEnv GIT_VALGRIND
+PassEnv GIT_VALGRIND_OPTIONS
 
-<Location /smart/>
+Alias /dumb/ www/
+Alias /auth/dumb/ www/auth/dumb/
+
+<LocationMatch /smart/>
 	SetEnv GIT_EXEC_PATH ${GIT_EXEC_PATH}
 	SetEnv GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL
-</Location>
-<Location /smart_noexport/>
+</LocationMatch>
+<LocationMatch /smart_noexport/>
 	SetEnv GIT_EXEC_PATH ${GIT_EXEC_PATH}
-</Location>
-<Location /smart_custom_env/>
+</LocationMatch>
+<LocationMatch /smart_custom_env/>
 	SetEnv GIT_EXEC_PATH ${GIT_EXEC_PATH}
 	SetEnv GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL
 	SetEnv GIT_COMMITTER_NAME "Custom User"
 	SetEnv GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL custom@example.com
-</Location>
-ScriptAlias /smart/ ${GIT_EXEC_PATH}/git-http-backend/
-ScriptAlias /smart_noexport/ ${GIT_EXEC_PATH}/git-http-backend/
-ScriptAlias /smart_custom_env/ ${GIT_EXEC_PATH}/git-http-backend/
+</LocationMatch>
+<LocationMatch /smart_namespace/>
+	SetEnv GIT_EXEC_PATH ${GIT_EXEC_PATH}
+	SetEnv GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL
+	SetEnv GIT_NAMESPACE ns
+</LocationMatch>
+ScriptAliasMatch /smart_*[^/]*/(.*) ${GIT_EXEC_PATH}/git-http-backend/$1
+ScriptAlias /broken_smart/ broken-smart-http.sh/
 <Directory ${GIT_EXEC_PATH}>
-	Options None
+	Options FollowSymlinks
 </Directory>
+<Files broken-smart-http.sh>
+	Options ExecCGI
+</Files>
 <Files ${GIT_EXEC_PATH}/git-http-backend>
 	Options ExecCGI
 </Files>
@@ -91,6 +104,35 @@
 	Require valid-user
 </Location>
 
+<LocationMatch "^/auth-push/.*/git-receive-pack$">
+	AuthType Basic
+	AuthName "git-auth"
+	AuthUserFile passwd
+	Require valid-user
+</LocationMatch>
+
+<LocationMatch "^/auth-fetch/.*/git-upload-pack$">
+	AuthType Basic
+	AuthName "git-auth"
+	AuthUserFile passwd
+	Require valid-user
+</LocationMatch>
+
+RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} service=git-receive-pack [OR]
+RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} /git-receive-pack$
+RewriteRule ^/half-auth-complete/ - [E=AUTHREQUIRED:yes]
+
+<Location /half-auth-complete/>
+  Order Deny,Allow
+  Deny from env=AUTHREQUIRED
+
+  AuthType Basic
+  AuthName "Git Access"
+  AuthUserFile passwd
+  Require valid-user
+  Satisfy Any
+</Location>
+
 <IfDefine DAV>
 	LoadModule dav_module modules/mod_dav.so
 	LoadModule dav_fs_module modules/mod_dav_fs.so
diff --git a/t/lib-httpd/broken-smart-http.sh b/t/lib-httpd/broken-smart-http.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f7ebfff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/lib-httpd/broken-smart-http.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+printf "Content-Type: text/%s\n" "html"
+echo
+printf "%s\n" "001e# service=git-upload-pack"
+printf "%s"   "0000"
+printf "%s%c%s%s\n" \
+	"00a58681d9f286a48b08f37b3a095330da16689e3693 HEAD" \
+	0 \
+	" include-tag multi_ack_detailed multi_ack ofs-delta" \
+	" side-band side-band-64k thin-pack no-progress shallow no-done "
+printf "%s"   "0000"
diff --git a/t/lib-rebase.sh b/t/lib-rebase.sh
index 6ccf797..8098a88 100644
--- a/t/lib-rebase.sh
+++ b/t/lib-rebase.sh
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
 #       ("squash", "fixup", "edit", or "reword") and the SHA1 taken
 #       from the specified line.
 #
+#   "exec_cmd_with_args" -- add an "exec cmd with args" line.
+#
 #   "#" -- Add a comment line.
 #
 #   ">" -- Add a blank line.
diff --git a/t/perf/.gitignore b/t/perf/.gitignore
index 50f5cc1..982eb8e 100644
--- a/t/perf/.gitignore
+++ b/t/perf/.gitignore
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
-build/
-test-results/
+/build/
+/test-results/
+/trash directory*/
diff --git a/t/perf/README b/t/perf/README
index b2dbad4..c552f56 100644
--- a/t/perf/README
+++ b/t/perf/README
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
 
     GIT_PERF_REPEAT_COUNT
 	Number of times a test should be repeated for best-of-N
-	measurements.  Defaults to 5.
+	measurements.  Defaults to 3.
 
     GIT_PERF_MAKE_OPTS
 	Options to use when automatically building a git tree for
diff --git a/t/perf/perf-lib.sh b/t/perf/perf-lib.sh
index 5580c22..a816fbc 100644
--- a/t/perf/perf-lib.sh
+++ b/t/perf/perf-lib.sh
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
 fi
 
 TEST_NO_CREATE_REPO=t
+TEST_NO_MALLOC_CHECK=t
 
 . ../test-lib.sh
 
@@ -163,7 +164,7 @@
 		else
 			echo "perf $test_count - $1:"
 		fi
-		for i in $(seq 1 $GIT_PERF_REPEAT_COUNT); do
+		for i in $(test_seq 1 $GIT_PERF_REPEAT_COUNT); do
 			say >&3 "running: $2"
 			if test_run_perf_ "$2"
 			then
diff --git a/t/t0000-basic.sh b/t/t0000-basic.sh
index ccb5435..cefe33d 100755
--- a/t/t0000-basic.sh
+++ b/t/t0000-basic.sh
@@ -18,16 +18,6 @@
 modification *should* take notice and update the test vectors here.
 '
 
-################################################################
-# It appears that people try to run tests without building...
-
-../git >/dev/null
-if test $? != 1
-then
-	echo >&2 'You do not seem to have built git yet.'
-	exit 1
-fi
-
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 ################################################################
@@ -55,39 +45,176 @@
 	false
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'pretend we have fixed a known breakage (run in sub test-lib)' "
-	mkdir passing-todo &&
-	(cd passing-todo &&
-	cat >passing-todo.sh <<-EOF &&
-	#!$SHELL_PATH
+run_sub_test_lib_test () {
+	name="$1" descr="$2" # stdin is the body of the test code
+	mkdir "$name" &&
+	(
+		cd "$name" &&
+		cat >"$name.sh" <<-EOF &&
+		#!$SHELL_PATH
 
-	test_description='A passing TODO test
+		test_description='$descr (run in sub test-lib)
 
-	This is run in a sub test-lib so that we do not get incorrect
-	passing metrics
-	'
+		This is run in a sub test-lib so that we do not get incorrect
+		passing metrics
+		'
 
-	# Point to the t/test-lib.sh, which isn't in ../ as usual
-	TEST_DIRECTORY=\"$TEST_DIRECTORY\"
-	. \"\$TEST_DIRECTORY\"/test-lib.sh
+		# Point to the t/test-lib.sh, which isn't in ../ as usual
+		. "\$TEST_DIRECTORY"/test-lib.sh
+		EOF
+		cat >>"$name.sh" &&
+		chmod +x "$name.sh" &&
+		export TEST_DIRECTORY &&
+		./"$name.sh" >out 2>err
+	)
+}
 
-	test_expect_failure 'pretend we have fixed a known breakage' '
-		:
-	'
+check_sub_test_lib_test () {
+	name="$1" # stdin is the expected output from the test
+	(
+		cd "$name" &&
+		! test -s err &&
+		sed -e 's/^> //' -e 's/Z$//' >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect out
+	)
+}
 
+test_expect_success 'pretend we have a fully passing test suite' "
+	run_sub_test_lib_test full-pass '3 passing tests' <<-\\EOF &&
+	for i in 1 2 3
+	do
+		test_expect_success \"passing test #\$i\" 'true'
+	done
 	test_done
 	EOF
-	chmod +x passing-todo.sh &&
-	./passing-todo.sh >out 2>err &&
-	! test -s err &&
-	sed -e 's/^> //' >expect <<-\\EOF &&
-	> ok 1 - pretend we have fixed a known breakage # TODO known breakage
-	> # fixed 1 known breakage(s)
-	> # passed all 1 test(s)
+	check_sub_test_lib_test full-pass <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 - passing test #1
+	> ok 2 - passing test #2
+	> ok 3 - passing test #3
+	> # passed all 3 test(s)
+	> 1..3
+	EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'pretend we have a partially passing test suite' "
+	test_must_fail run_sub_test_lib_test \
+		partial-pass '2/3 tests passing' <<-\\EOF &&
+	test_expect_success 'passing test #1' 'true'
+	test_expect_success 'failing test #2' 'false'
+	test_expect_success 'passing test #3' 'true'
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test partial-pass <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 - passing test #1
+	> not ok 2 - failing test #2
+	#	false
+	> ok 3 - passing test #3
+	> # failed 1 among 3 test(s)
+	> 1..3
+	EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'pretend we have a known breakage' "
+	run_sub_test_lib_test failing-todo 'A failing TODO test' <<-\\EOF &&
+	test_expect_success 'passing test' 'true'
+	test_expect_failure 'pretend we have a known breakage' 'false'
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test failing-todo <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 - passing test
+	> not ok 2 - pretend we have a known breakage # TODO known breakage
+	> # still have 1 known breakage(s)
+	> # passed all remaining 1 test(s)
+	> 1..2
+	EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'pretend we have fixed a known breakage' "
+	run_sub_test_lib_test passing-todo 'A passing TODO test' <<-\\EOF &&
+	test_expect_failure 'pretend we have fixed a known breakage' 'true'
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test passing-todo <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 - pretend we have fixed a known breakage # TODO known breakage vanished
+	> # 1 known breakage(s) vanished; please update test(s)
 	> 1..1
 	EOF
-	test_cmp expect out)
 "
+
+test_expect_success 'pretend we have fixed one of two known breakages (run in sub test-lib)' "
+	run_sub_test_lib_test partially-passing-todos \
+		'2 TODO tests, one passing' <<-\\EOF &&
+	test_expect_failure 'pretend we have a known breakage' 'false'
+	test_expect_success 'pretend we have a passing test' 'true'
+	test_expect_failure 'pretend we have fixed another known breakage' 'true'
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test partially-passing-todos <<-\\EOF
+	> not ok 1 - pretend we have a known breakage # TODO known breakage
+	> ok 2 - pretend we have a passing test
+	> ok 3 - pretend we have fixed another known breakage # TODO known breakage vanished
+	> # 1 known breakage(s) vanished; please update test(s)
+	> # still have 1 known breakage(s)
+	> # passed all remaining 1 test(s)
+	> 1..3
+	EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'pretend we have a pass, fail, and known breakage' "
+	test_must_fail run_sub_test_lib_test \
+		mixed-results1 'mixed results #1' <<-\\EOF &&
+	test_expect_success 'passing test' 'true'
+	test_expect_success 'failing test' 'false'
+	test_expect_failure 'pretend we have a known breakage' 'false'
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test mixed-results1 <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 - passing test
+	> not ok 2 - failing test
+	> #	false
+	> not ok 3 - pretend we have a known breakage # TODO known breakage
+	> # still have 1 known breakage(s)
+	> # failed 1 among remaining 2 test(s)
+	> 1..3
+	EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'pretend we have a mix of all possible results' "
+	test_must_fail run_sub_test_lib_test \
+		mixed-results2 'mixed results #2' <<-\\EOF &&
+	test_expect_success 'passing test' 'true'
+	test_expect_success 'passing test' 'true'
+	test_expect_success 'passing test' 'true'
+	test_expect_success 'passing test' 'true'
+	test_expect_success 'failing test' 'false'
+	test_expect_success 'failing test' 'false'
+	test_expect_success 'failing test' 'false'
+	test_expect_failure 'pretend we have a known breakage' 'false'
+	test_expect_failure 'pretend we have a known breakage' 'false'
+	test_expect_failure 'pretend we have fixed a known breakage' 'true'
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test mixed-results2 <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 - passing test
+	> ok 2 - passing test
+	> ok 3 - passing test
+	> ok 4 - passing test
+	> not ok 5 - failing test
+	> #	false
+	> not ok 6 - failing test
+	> #	false
+	> not ok 7 - failing test
+	> #	false
+	> not ok 8 - pretend we have a known breakage # TODO known breakage
+	> not ok 9 - pretend we have a known breakage # TODO known breakage
+	> ok 10 - pretend we have fixed a known breakage # TODO known breakage vanished
+	> # 1 known breakage(s) vanished; please update test(s)
+	> # still have 2 known breakage(s)
+	> # failed 3 among remaining 7 test(s)
+	> 1..10
+	EOF
+"
+
 test_set_prereq HAVEIT
 haveit=no
 test_expect_success HAVEIT 'test runs if prerequisite is satisfied' '
@@ -125,6 +252,38 @@
 	exit 1
 fi
 
+test_lazy_prereq LAZY_TRUE true
+havetrue=no
+test_expect_success LAZY_TRUE 'test runs if lazy prereq is satisfied' '
+	havetrue=yes
+'
+donthavetrue=yes
+test_expect_success !LAZY_TRUE 'missing lazy prereqs skip tests' '
+	donthavetrue=no
+'
+
+if test "$havetrue$donthavetrue" != yesyes
+then
+	say 'bug in test framework: lazy prerequisites do not work'
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+test_lazy_prereq LAZY_FALSE false
+nothavefalse=no
+test_expect_success !LAZY_FALSE 'negative lazy prereqs checked' '
+	nothavefalse=yes
+'
+havefalse=yes
+test_expect_success LAZY_FALSE 'missing negative lazy prereqs will skip' '
+	havefalse=no
+'
+
+if test "$nothavefalse$havefalse" != yesyes
+then
+	say 'bug in test framework: negative lazy prerequisites do not work'
+	exit 1
+fi
+
 clean=no
 test_expect_success 'tests clean up after themselves' '
 	test_when_finished clean=yes
@@ -137,19 +296,8 @@
 fi
 
 test_expect_success 'tests clean up even on failures' "
-	mkdir failing-cleanup &&
-	(
-	cd failing-cleanup &&
-
-	cat >failing-cleanup.sh <<-EOF &&
-	#!$SHELL_PATH
-
-	test_description='Failing tests with cleanup commands'
-
-	# Point to the t/test-lib.sh, which isn't in ../ as usual
-	TEST_DIRECTORY=\"$TEST_DIRECTORY\"
-	. \"\$TEST_DIRECTORY\"/test-lib.sh
-
+	test_must_fail run_sub_test_lib_test \
+		failing-cleanup 'Failing tests with cleanup commands' <<-\\EOF &&
 	test_expect_success 'tests clean up even after a failure' '
 		touch clean-after-failure &&
 		test_when_finished rm clean-after-failure &&
@@ -159,29 +307,21 @@
 		test_when_finished \"(exit 2)\"
 	'
 	test_done
-
 	EOF
-
-	chmod +x failing-cleanup.sh &&
-	test_must_fail ./failing-cleanup.sh >out 2>err &&
-	! test -s err &&
-	! test -f \"trash directory.failing-cleanup/clean-after-failure\" &&
-	sed -e 's/Z$//' -e 's/^> //' >expect <<-\\EOF &&
-	> not ok - 1 tests clean up even after a failure
+	check_sub_test_lib_test failing-cleanup <<-\\EOF
+	> not ok 1 - tests clean up even after a failure
 	> #	Z
 	> #	touch clean-after-failure &&
 	> #	test_when_finished rm clean-after-failure &&
 	> #	(exit 1)
 	> #	Z
-	> not ok - 2 failure to clean up causes the test to fail
+	> not ok 2 - failure to clean up causes the test to fail
 	> #	Z
 	> #	test_when_finished \"(exit 2)\"
 	> #	Z
 	> # failed 2 among 2 test(s)
 	> 1..2
 	EOF
-	test_cmp expect out
-	)
 "
 
 ################################################################
@@ -450,24 +590,6 @@
 	test $numpath0 = 1
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'real path works as expected' '
-	mkdir first &&
-	ln -s ../.git first/.git &&
-	mkdir second &&
-	ln -s ../first second/other &&
-	mkdir third &&
-	dir="$(cd .git; pwd -P)" &&
-	dir2=third/../second/other/.git &&
-	test "$dir" = "$(test-path-utils real_path $dir2)" &&
-	file="$dir"/index &&
-	test "$file" = "$(test-path-utils real_path $dir2/index)" &&
-	basename=blub &&
-	test "$dir/$basename" = "$(cd .git && test-path-utils real_path "$basename")" &&
-	ln -s ../first/file .git/syml &&
-	sym="$(cd first; pwd -P)"/file &&
-	test "$sym" = "$(test-path-utils real_path "$dir2/syml")"
-'
-
 test_expect_success 'very long name in the index handled sanely' '
 
 	a=a && # 1
diff --git a/t/t0003-attributes.sh b/t/t0003-attributes.sh
index 51f3045..0b98b6f 100755
--- a/t/t0003-attributes.sh
+++ b/t/t0003-attributes.sh
@@ -123,16 +123,6 @@
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'check whether FS is case-insensitive' '
-	mkdir junk &&
-	echo good >junk/CamelCase &&
-	echo bad >junk/camelcase &&
-	if test "$(cat junk/CamelCase)" != good
-	then
-		test_set_prereq CASE_INSENSITIVE_FS
-	fi
-'
-
 test_expect_success CASE_INSENSITIVE_FS 'additional case insensitivity tests' '
 	test_must_fail attr_check a/B/D/g "a/b/d/*" "-c core.ignorecase=0" &&
 	test_must_fail attr_check A/B/D/NO "a/b/d/*" "-c core.ignorecase=0" &&
@@ -206,6 +196,54 @@
 	attr_check subdir/a/i unspecified
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'negative patterns' '
+	echo "!f test=bar" >.gitattributes &&
+	git check-attr test -- '"'"'!f'"'"' 2>errors &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Negative patterns are ignored" errors
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'patterns starting with exclamation' '
+	echo "\!f test=foo" >.gitattributes &&
+	attr_check "!f" foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"**" test' '
+	echo "**/f foo=bar" >.gitattributes &&
+	cat <<\EOF >expect &&
+f: foo: bar
+a/f: foo: bar
+a/b/f: foo: bar
+a/b/c/f: foo: bar
+EOF
+	git check-attr foo -- "f" >actual 2>err &&
+	git check-attr foo -- "a/f" >>actual 2>>err &&
+	git check-attr foo -- "a/b/f" >>actual 2>>err &&
+	git check-attr foo -- "a/b/c/f" >>actual 2>>err &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_line_count = 0 err
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"**" with no slashes test' '
+	echo "a**f foo=bar" >.gitattributes &&
+	git check-attr foo -- "f" >actual &&
+	cat <<\EOF >expect &&
+f: foo: unspecified
+af: foo: bar
+axf: foo: bar
+a/f: foo: unspecified
+a/b/f: foo: unspecified
+a/b/c/f: foo: unspecified
+EOF
+	git check-attr foo -- "f" >actual 2>err &&
+	git check-attr foo -- "af" >>actual 2>err &&
+	git check-attr foo -- "axf" >>actual 2>err &&
+	git check-attr foo -- "a/f" >>actual 2>>err &&
+	git check-attr foo -- "a/b/f" >>actual 2>>err &&
+	git check-attr foo -- "a/b/c/f" >>actual 2>>err &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_line_count = 0 err
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'setup bare' '
 	git clone --bare . bare.git &&
 	cd bare.git
diff --git a/t/t0006-date.sh b/t/t0006-date.sh
index 1d29810..e53cf6d 100755
--- a/t/t0006-date.sh
+++ b/t/t0006-date.sh
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 	echo "$t -> $2" >expect
 	test_expect_${3:-success} "relative date ($2)" "
 	test-date show $t >actual &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
 	"
 }
 
diff --git a/t/t0007-git-var.sh b/t/t0007-git-var.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..5868a87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0007-git-var.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='basic sanity checks for git var'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'get GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT' '
+	test_tick &&
+	echo "$GIT_AUTHOR_NAME <$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL> $GIT_AUTHOR_DATE" >expect &&
+	git var GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'get GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT' '
+	test_tick &&
+	echo "$GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE" >expect &&
+	git var GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success !AUTOIDENT 'requested identites are strict' '
+	(
+		sane_unset GIT_COMMITTER_NAME &&
+		sane_unset GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL &&
+		test_must_fail git var GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT
+	)
+'
+
+# For git var -l, we check only a representative variable;
+# testing the whole output would make our test too brittle with
+# respect to unrelated changes in the test suite's environment.
+test_expect_success 'git var -l lists variables' '
+	git var -l >actual &&
+	echo "$GIT_AUTHOR_NAME <$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL> $GIT_AUTHOR_DATE" >expect &&
+	sed -n s/GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT=//p <actual >actual.author &&
+	test_cmp expect actual.author
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git var -l lists config' '
+	git var -l >actual &&
+	echo false >expect &&
+	sed -n s/core\\.bare=//p <actual >actual.bare &&
+	test_cmp expect actual.bare
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'listing and asking for variables are exclusive' '
+	test_must_fail git var -l GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t0008-ignores.sh b/t/t0008-ignores.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..9c1bde1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0008-ignores.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,652 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description=check-ignore
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+init_vars () {
+	global_excludes="$(pwd)/global-excludes"
+}
+
+enable_global_excludes () {
+	init_vars &&
+	git config core.excludesfile "$global_excludes"
+}
+
+expect_in () {
+	dest="$HOME/expected-$1" text="$2"
+	if test -z "$text"
+	then
+		>"$dest" # avoid newline
+	else
+		echo "$text" >"$dest"
+	fi
+}
+
+expect () {
+	expect_in stdout "$1"
+}
+
+expect_from_stdin () {
+	cat >"$HOME/expected-stdout"
+}
+
+test_stderr () {
+	expected="$1"
+	expect_in stderr "$1" &&
+	test_cmp "$HOME/expected-stderr" "$HOME/stderr"
+}
+
+stderr_contains () {
+	regexp="$1"
+	if grep "$regexp" "$HOME/stderr"
+	then
+		return 0
+	else
+		echo "didn't find /$regexp/ in $HOME/stderr"
+		cat "$HOME/stderr"
+		return 1
+	fi
+}
+
+stderr_empty_on_success () {
+	expect_code="$1"
+	if test $expect_code = 0
+	then
+		test_stderr ""
+	else
+		# If we expect failure then stderr might or might not be empty
+		# due to --quiet - the caller can check its contents
+		return 0
+	fi
+}
+
+test_check_ignore () {
+	args="$1" expect_code="${2:-0}" global_args="$3"
+
+	init_vars &&
+	rm -f "$HOME/stdout" "$HOME/stderr" "$HOME/cmd" &&
+	echo git $global_args check-ignore $quiet_opt $verbose_opt $args \
+		>"$HOME/cmd" &&
+	test_expect_code "$expect_code" \
+		git $global_args check-ignore $quiet_opt $verbose_opt $args \
+		>"$HOME/stdout" 2>"$HOME/stderr" &&
+	test_cmp "$HOME/expected-stdout" "$HOME/stdout" &&
+	stderr_empty_on_success "$expect_code"
+}
+
+# Runs the same code with 3 different levels of output verbosity,
+# expecting success each time.  Takes advantage of the fact that
+# check-ignore --verbose output is the same as normal output except
+# for the extra first column.
+#
+# Arguments:
+#   - (optional) prereqs for this test, e.g. 'SYMLINKS'
+#   - test name
+#   - output to expect from -v / --verbose mode
+#   - code to run (should invoke test_check_ignore)
+test_expect_success_multi () {
+	prereq=
+	if test $# -eq 4
+	then
+		prereq=$1
+		shift
+	fi
+	testname="$1" expect_verbose="$2" code="$3"
+
+	expect=$( echo "$expect_verbose" | sed -e 's/.*	//' )
+
+	test_expect_success $prereq "$testname" '
+		expect "$expect" &&
+		eval "$code"
+	'
+
+	for quiet_opt in '-q' '--quiet'
+	do
+		test_expect_success $prereq "$testname${quiet_opt:+ with $quiet_opt}" "
+			expect '' &&
+			$code
+		"
+	done
+	quiet_opt=
+
+	for verbose_opt in '-v' '--verbose'
+	do
+		test_expect_success $prereq "$testname${verbose_opt:+ with $verbose_opt}" "
+			expect '$expect_verbose' &&
+			$code
+		"
+	done
+	verbose_opt=
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	init_vars &&
+	mkdir -p a/b/ignored-dir a/submodule b &&
+	if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
+	then
+		ln -s b a/symlink
+	fi &&
+	(
+		cd a/submodule &&
+		git init &&
+		echo a >a &&
+		git add a &&
+		git commit -m"commit in submodule"
+	) &&
+	git add a/submodule &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >.gitignore &&
+		one
+		ignored-*
+		top-level-dir/
+	EOF
+	for dir in . a
+	do
+		: >$dir/not-ignored &&
+		: >$dir/ignored-and-untracked &&
+		: >$dir/ignored-but-in-index
+	done &&
+	git add -f ignored-but-in-index a/ignored-but-in-index &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >a/.gitignore &&
+		two*
+		*three
+	EOF
+	cat <<-\EOF >a/b/.gitignore &&
+		four
+		five
+		# this comment should affect the line numbers
+		six
+		ignored-dir/
+		# and so should this blank line:
+
+		!on*
+		!two
+	EOF
+	echo "seven" >a/b/ignored-dir/.gitignore &&
+	test -n "$HOME" &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >"$global_excludes" &&
+		globalone
+		!globaltwo
+		globalthree
+	EOF
+	cat <<-\EOF >>.git/info/exclude
+		per-repo
+	EOF
+'
+
+############################################################################
+#
+# test invalid inputs
+
+test_expect_success_multi '. corner-case' '' '
+	test_check_ignore . 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi 'empty command line' '' '
+	test_check_ignore "" 128 &&
+	stderr_contains "fatal: no path specified"
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi '--stdin with empty STDIN' '' '
+	test_check_ignore "--stdin" 1 </dev/null &&
+	if test -n "$quiet_opt"; then
+		test_stderr ""
+	else
+		test_stderr "no pathspec given."
+	fi
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-q with multiple args' '
+	expect "" &&
+	test_check_ignore "-q one two" 128 &&
+	stderr_contains "fatal: --quiet is only valid with a single pathname"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--quiet with multiple args' '
+	expect "" &&
+	test_check_ignore "--quiet one two" 128 &&
+	stderr_contains "fatal: --quiet is only valid with a single pathname"
+'
+
+for verbose_opt in '-v' '--verbose'
+do
+	for quiet_opt in '-q' '--quiet'
+	do
+		test_expect_success "$quiet_opt $verbose_opt" "
+			expect '' &&
+			test_check_ignore '$quiet_opt $verbose_opt foo' 128 &&
+			stderr_contains 'fatal: cannot have both --quiet and --verbose'
+		"
+	done
+done
+
+test_expect_success '--quiet with multiple args' '
+	expect "" &&
+	test_check_ignore "--quiet one two" 128 &&
+	stderr_contains "fatal: --quiet is only valid with a single pathname"
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi 'erroneous use of --' '' '
+	test_check_ignore "--" 128 &&
+	stderr_contains "fatal: no path specified"
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi '--stdin with superfluous arg' '' '
+	test_check_ignore "--stdin foo" 128 &&
+	stderr_contains "fatal: cannot specify pathnames with --stdin"
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi '--stdin -z with superfluous arg' '' '
+	test_check_ignore "--stdin -z foo" 128 &&
+	stderr_contains "fatal: cannot specify pathnames with --stdin"
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi '-z without --stdin' '' '
+	test_check_ignore "-z" 128 &&
+	stderr_contains "fatal: -z only makes sense with --stdin"
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi '-z without --stdin and superfluous arg' '' '
+	test_check_ignore "-z foo" 128 &&
+	stderr_contains "fatal: -z only makes sense with --stdin"
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi 'needs work tree' '' '
+	(
+		cd .git &&
+		test_check_ignore "foo" 128
+	) &&
+	stderr_contains "fatal: This operation must be run in a work tree"
+'
+
+############################################################################
+#
+# test standard ignores
+
+# First make sure that the presence of a file in the working tree
+# does not impact results, but that the presence of a file in the
+# index does.
+
+for subdir in '' 'a/'
+do
+	if test -z "$subdir"
+	then
+		where="at top-level"
+	else
+		where="in subdir $subdir"
+	fi
+
+	test_expect_success_multi "non-existent file $where not ignored" '' "
+		test_check_ignore '${subdir}non-existent' 1
+	"
+
+	test_expect_success_multi "non-existent file $where ignored" \
+		".gitignore:1:one	${subdir}one" "
+		test_check_ignore '${subdir}one'
+	"
+
+	test_expect_success_multi "existing untracked file $where not ignored" '' "
+		test_check_ignore '${subdir}not-ignored' 1
+	"
+
+	test_expect_success_multi "existing tracked file $where not ignored" '' "
+		test_check_ignore '${subdir}ignored-but-in-index' 1
+	"
+
+	test_expect_success_multi "existing untracked file $where ignored" \
+		".gitignore:2:ignored-*	${subdir}ignored-and-untracked" "
+		test_check_ignore '${subdir}ignored-and-untracked'
+	"
+done
+
+# Having established the above, from now on we mostly test against
+# files which do not exist in the working tree or index.
+
+test_expect_success 'sub-directory local ignore' '
+	expect "a/3-three" &&
+	test_check_ignore "a/3-three a/three-not-this-one"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'sub-directory local ignore with --verbose'  '
+	expect "a/.gitignore:2:*three	a/3-three" &&
+	test_check_ignore "--verbose a/3-three a/three-not-this-one"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'local ignore inside a sub-directory' '
+	expect "3-three" &&
+	(
+		cd a &&
+		test_check_ignore "3-three three-not-this-one"
+	)
+'
+test_expect_success 'local ignore inside a sub-directory with --verbose' '
+	expect "a/.gitignore:2:*three	3-three" &&
+	(
+		cd a &&
+		test_check_ignore "--verbose 3-three three-not-this-one"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi 'nested include' \
+	'a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	a/b/one' '
+	test_check_ignore "a/b/one"
+'
+
+############################################################################
+#
+# test ignored sub-directories
+
+test_expect_success_multi 'ignored sub-directory' \
+	'a/b/.gitignore:5:ignored-dir/	a/b/ignored-dir' '
+	test_check_ignore "a/b/ignored-dir"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'multiple files inside ignored sub-directory' '
+	expect_from_stdin <<-\EOF &&
+		a/b/ignored-dir/foo
+		a/b/ignored-dir/twoooo
+		a/b/ignored-dir/seven
+	EOF
+	test_check_ignore "a/b/ignored-dir/foo a/b/ignored-dir/twoooo a/b/ignored-dir/seven"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'multiple files inside ignored sub-directory with -v' '
+	expect_from_stdin <<-\EOF &&
+		a/b/.gitignore:5:ignored-dir/	a/b/ignored-dir/foo
+		a/b/.gitignore:5:ignored-dir/	a/b/ignored-dir/twoooo
+		a/b/.gitignore:5:ignored-dir/	a/b/ignored-dir/seven
+	EOF
+	test_check_ignore "-v a/b/ignored-dir/foo a/b/ignored-dir/twoooo a/b/ignored-dir/seven"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cd to ignored sub-directory' '
+	expect_from_stdin <<-\EOF &&
+		foo
+		twoooo
+		../one
+		seven
+		../../one
+	EOF
+	(
+		cd a/b/ignored-dir &&
+		test_check_ignore "foo twoooo ../one seven ../../one"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cd to ignored sub-directory with -v' '
+	expect_from_stdin <<-\EOF &&
+		a/b/.gitignore:5:ignored-dir/	foo
+		a/b/.gitignore:5:ignored-dir/	twoooo
+		a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	../one
+		a/b/.gitignore:5:ignored-dir/	seven
+		.gitignore:1:one	../../one
+	EOF
+	(
+		cd a/b/ignored-dir &&
+		test_check_ignore "-v foo twoooo ../one seven ../../one"
+	)
+'
+
+############################################################################
+#
+# test handling of symlinks
+
+test_expect_success_multi SYMLINKS 'symlink' '' '
+	test_check_ignore "a/symlink" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi SYMLINKS 'beyond a symlink' '' '
+	test_check_ignore "a/symlink/foo" 128 &&
+	test_stderr "fatal: '\''a/symlink/foo'\'' is beyond a symbolic link"
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi SYMLINKS 'beyond a symlink from subdirectory' '' '
+	(
+		cd a &&
+		test_check_ignore "symlink/foo" 128
+	) &&
+	test_stderr "fatal: '\''symlink/foo'\'' is beyond a symbolic link"
+'
+
+############################################################################
+#
+# test handling of submodules
+
+test_expect_success_multi 'submodule' '' '
+	test_check_ignore "a/submodule/one" 128 &&
+	test_stderr "fatal: Path '\''a/submodule/one'\'' is in submodule '\''a/submodule'\''"
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi 'submodule from subdirectory' '' '
+	(
+		cd a &&
+		test_check_ignore "submodule/one" 128
+	) &&
+	test_stderr "fatal: Path '\''a/submodule/one'\'' is in submodule '\''a/submodule'\''"
+'
+
+############################################################################
+#
+# test handling of global ignore files
+
+test_expect_success 'global ignore not yet enabled' '
+	expect_from_stdin <<-\EOF &&
+		.git/info/exclude:7:per-repo	per-repo
+		a/.gitignore:2:*three	a/globalthree
+		.git/info/exclude:7:per-repo	a/per-repo
+	EOF
+	test_check_ignore "-v globalone per-repo a/globalthree a/per-repo not-ignored a/globaltwo"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'global ignore' '
+	enable_global_excludes &&
+	expect_from_stdin <<-\EOF &&
+		globalone
+		per-repo
+		globalthree
+		a/globalthree
+		a/per-repo
+		globaltwo
+	EOF
+	test_check_ignore "globalone per-repo globalthree a/globalthree a/per-repo not-ignored globaltwo"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'global ignore with -v' '
+	enable_global_excludes &&
+	expect_from_stdin <<-EOF &&
+		$global_excludes:1:globalone	globalone
+		.git/info/exclude:7:per-repo	per-repo
+		$global_excludes:3:globalthree	globalthree
+		a/.gitignore:2:*three	a/globalthree
+		.git/info/exclude:7:per-repo	a/per-repo
+		$global_excludes:2:!globaltwo	globaltwo
+	EOF
+	test_check_ignore "-v globalone per-repo globalthree a/globalthree a/per-repo not-ignored globaltwo"
+'
+
+############################################################################
+#
+# test --stdin
+
+cat <<-\EOF >stdin
+	one
+	not-ignored
+	a/one
+	a/not-ignored
+	a/b/on
+	a/b/one
+	a/b/one one
+	"a/b/one two"
+	"a/b/one\"three"
+	a/b/not-ignored
+	a/b/two
+	a/b/twooo
+	globaltwo
+	a/globaltwo
+	a/b/globaltwo
+	b/globaltwo
+EOF
+cat <<-\EOF >expected-default
+	one
+	a/one
+	a/b/on
+	a/b/one
+	a/b/one one
+	a/b/one two
+	"a/b/one\"three"
+	a/b/two
+	a/b/twooo
+	globaltwo
+	a/globaltwo
+	a/b/globaltwo
+	b/globaltwo
+EOF
+cat <<-EOF >expected-verbose
+	.gitignore:1:one	one
+	.gitignore:1:one	a/one
+	a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	a/b/on
+	a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	a/b/one
+	a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	a/b/one one
+	a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	a/b/one two
+	a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	"a/b/one\"three"
+	a/b/.gitignore:9:!two	a/b/two
+	a/.gitignore:1:two*	a/b/twooo
+	$global_excludes:2:!globaltwo	globaltwo
+	$global_excludes:2:!globaltwo	a/globaltwo
+	$global_excludes:2:!globaltwo	a/b/globaltwo
+	$global_excludes:2:!globaltwo	b/globaltwo
+EOF
+
+sed -e 's/^"//' -e 's/\\//' -e 's/"$//' stdin | \
+	tr "\n" "\0" >stdin0
+sed -e 's/^"//' -e 's/\\//' -e 's/"$//' expected-default | \
+	tr "\n" "\0" >expected-default0
+sed -e 's/	"/	/' -e 's/\\//' -e 's/"$//' expected-verbose | \
+	tr ":\t\n" "\0" >expected-verbose0
+
+test_expect_success '--stdin' '
+	expect_from_stdin <expected-default &&
+	test_check_ignore "--stdin" <stdin
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--stdin -q' '
+	expect "" &&
+	test_check_ignore "-q --stdin" <stdin
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--stdin -v' '
+	expect_from_stdin <expected-verbose &&
+	test_check_ignore "-v --stdin" <stdin
+'
+
+for opts in '--stdin -z' '-z --stdin'
+do
+	test_expect_success "$opts" "
+		expect_from_stdin <expected-default0 &&
+		test_check_ignore '$opts' <stdin0
+	"
+
+	test_expect_success "$opts -q" "
+		expect "" &&
+		test_check_ignore '-q $opts' <stdin0
+	"
+
+	test_expect_success "$opts -v" "
+		expect_from_stdin <expected-verbose0 &&
+		test_check_ignore '-v $opts' <stdin0
+	"
+done
+
+cat <<-\EOF >stdin
+	../one
+	../not-ignored
+	one
+	not-ignored
+	b/on
+	b/one
+	b/one one
+	"b/one two"
+	"b/one\"three"
+	b/two
+	b/not-ignored
+	b/twooo
+	../globaltwo
+	globaltwo
+	b/globaltwo
+	../b/globaltwo
+EOF
+cat <<-\EOF >expected-default
+	../one
+	one
+	b/on
+	b/one
+	b/one one
+	b/one two
+	"b/one\"three"
+	b/two
+	b/twooo
+	../globaltwo
+	globaltwo
+	b/globaltwo
+	../b/globaltwo
+EOF
+cat <<-EOF >expected-verbose
+	.gitignore:1:one	../one
+	.gitignore:1:one	one
+	a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	b/on
+	a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	b/one
+	a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	b/one one
+	a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	b/one two
+	a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	"b/one\"three"
+	a/b/.gitignore:9:!two	b/two
+	a/.gitignore:1:two*	b/twooo
+	$global_excludes:2:!globaltwo	../globaltwo
+	$global_excludes:2:!globaltwo	globaltwo
+	$global_excludes:2:!globaltwo	b/globaltwo
+	$global_excludes:2:!globaltwo	../b/globaltwo
+EOF
+
+sed -e 's/^"//' -e 's/\\//' -e 's/"$//' stdin | \
+	tr "\n" "\0" >stdin0
+sed -e 's/^"//' -e 's/\\//' -e 's/"$//' expected-default | \
+	tr "\n" "\0" >expected-default0
+sed -e 's/	"/	/' -e 's/\\//' -e 's/"$//' expected-verbose | \
+	tr ":\t\n" "\0" >expected-verbose0
+
+test_expect_success '--stdin from subdirectory' '
+	expect_from_stdin <expected-default &&
+	(
+		cd a &&
+		test_check_ignore "--stdin" <../stdin
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--stdin from subdirectory with -v' '
+	expect_from_stdin <expected-verbose &&
+	(
+		cd a &&
+		test_check_ignore "--stdin -v" <../stdin
+	)
+'
+
+for opts in '--stdin -z' '-z --stdin'
+do
+	test_expect_success "$opts from subdirectory" '
+		expect_from_stdin <expected-default0 &&
+		(
+			cd a &&
+			test_check_ignore "'"$opts"'" <../stdin0
+		)
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "$opts from subdirectory with -v" '
+		expect_from_stdin <expected-verbose0 &&
+		(
+			cd a &&
+			test_check_ignore "'"$opts"' -v" <../stdin0
+		)
+	'
+done
+
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t0024-crlf-archive.sh b/t/t0024-crlf-archive.sh
index ec6c1b3..4e9fa3c 100755
--- a/t/t0024-crlf-archive.sh
+++ b/t/t0024-crlf-archive.sh
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 test_description='respect crlf in git archive'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
-UNZIP=${UNZIP:-unzip}
 
 test_expect_success setup '
 
@@ -26,18 +25,11 @@
 
 '
 
-"$UNZIP" -v >/dev/null 2>&1
-if [ $? -eq 127 ]; then
-	say "Skipping ZIP test, because unzip was not found"
-else
-	test_set_prereq UNZIP
-fi
-
 test_expect_success UNZIP 'zip archive' '
 
 	git archive --format=zip HEAD >test.zip &&
 
-	( mkdir unzipped && cd unzipped && unzip ../test.zip ) &&
+	( mkdir unzipped && cd unzipped && "$GIT_UNZIP" ../test.zip ) &&
 
 	test_cmp sample unzipped/sample
 
diff --git a/t/t0030-stripspace.sh b/t/t0030-stripspace.sh
index ccb0a3c..a8e84d8 100755
--- a/t/t0030-stripspace.sh
+++ b/t/t0030-stripspace.sh
@@ -397,4 +397,39 @@
 	test -z "$(echo "# comment" | git stripspace -s)"
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'strip comments with changed comment char' '
+	test ! -z "$(echo "; comment" | git -c core.commentchar=";" stripspace)" &&
+	test -z "$(echo "; comment" | git -c core.commentchar=";" stripspace -s)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-c with single line' '
+	printf "# foo\n" >expect &&
+	printf "foo" | git stripspace -c >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-c with single line followed by empty line' '
+	printf "# foo\n#\n" >expect &&
+	printf "foo\n\n" | git stripspace -c >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-c with newline only' '
+	printf "#\n" >expect &&
+	printf "\n" | git stripspace -c >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--comment-lines with single line' '
+	printf "# foo\n" >expect &&
+	printf "foo" | git stripspace -c >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-c with changed comment char' '
+	printf "; foo\n" >expect &&
+	printf "foo" | git -c core.commentchar=";" stripspace -c >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0040-parse-options.sh b/t/t0040-parse-options.sh
index e3f354a..244a43c 100755
--- a/t/t0040-parse-options.sh
+++ b/t/t0040-parse-options.sh
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'test help' '
 	test_must_fail test-parse-options -h > output 2> output.err &&
 	test ! -s output.err &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
 
 mv expect expect.err
@@ -79,6 +79,17 @@
 	test_cmp expect output
 }
 
+check_i18n() {
+	what="$1" &&
+	shift &&
+	expect="$1" &&
+	shift &&
+	sed "s/^$what .*/$what $expect/" <expect.template >expect &&
+	test-parse-options $* >output 2>output.err &&
+	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect output
+}
+
 check_unknown() {
 	case "$1" in
 	--*)
@@ -92,6 +103,19 @@
 	test_cmp expect output.err
 }
 
+check_unknown_i18n() {
+	case "$1" in
+	--*)
+		echo error: unknown option \`${1#--}\' >expect ;;
+	-*)
+		echo error: unknown switch \`${1#-}\' >expect ;;
+	esac &&
+	cat expect.err >>expect &&
+	test_must_fail test-parse-options $* >output 2>output.err &&
+	test ! -s output &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect output.err
+}
+
 test_expect_success 'OPT_BOOL() #1' 'check boolean: 1 --yes'
 test_expect_success 'OPT_BOOL() #2' 'check boolean: 1 --no-doubt'
 test_expect_success 'OPT_BOOL() #3' 'check boolean: 1 -D'
@@ -104,8 +128,8 @@
 test_expect_success 'OPT_BOOL() negation #1' 'check boolean: 0 -D --no-yes'
 test_expect_success 'OPT_BOOL() negation #2' 'check boolean: 0 -D --no-no-doubt'
 
-test_expect_success 'OPT_BOOL() no negation #1' 'check_unknown --fear'
-test_expect_success 'OPT_BOOL() no negation #2' 'check_unknown --no-no-fear'
+test_expect_success 'OPT_BOOL() no negation #1' 'check_unknown_i18n --fear'
+test_expect_success 'OPT_BOOL() no negation #2' 'check_unknown_i18n --no-no-fear'
 
 test_expect_success 'OPT_BOOL() positivation' 'check boolean: 0 -D --doubt'
 
@@ -310,8 +334,8 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'OPT_CALLBACK() and callback errors work' '
 	test_must_fail test-parse-options --no-length > output 2> output.err &&
-	test_cmp expect output &&
-	test_cmp expect.err output.err
+	test_i18ncmp expect output &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect.err output.err
 '
 
 cat > expect <<EOF
diff --git a/t/t0050-filesystem.sh b/t/t0050-filesystem.sh
index 1542cf6..05d78d2 100755
--- a/t/t0050-filesystem.sh
+++ b/t/t0050-filesystem.sh
@@ -7,78 +7,51 @@
 auml=$(printf '\303\244')
 aumlcdiar=$(printf '\141\314\210')
 
-case_insensitive=
-unibad=
-no_symlinks=
-test_expect_success 'see what we expect' '
-
-	test_case=test_expect_success &&
-	test_unicode=test_expect_success &&
-	mkdir junk &&
-	echo good >junk/CamelCase &&
-	echo bad >junk/camelcase &&
-	if test "$(cat junk/CamelCase)" != good
-	then
-		test_case=test_expect_failure &&
-		case_insensitive=t
-	fi &&
-	rm -fr junk &&
-	mkdir junk &&
-	>junk/"$auml" &&
-	case "$(cd junk && echo *)" in
-	"$aumlcdiar")
-		test_unicode=test_expect_failure &&
-		unibad=t
-		;;
-	*)	;;
-	esac &&
-	rm -fr junk &&
-	{
-		ln -s x y 2> /dev/null &&
-		test -h y 2> /dev/null ||
-		no_symlinks=1 &&
-		rm -f y
-	}
-'
-
-test "$case_insensitive" &&
+if test_have_prereq CASE_INSENSITIVE_FS
+then
 	say "will test on a case insensitive filesystem"
-test "$unibad" &&
+	test_case=test_expect_failure
+else
+	test_case=test_expect_success
+fi
+
+if test_have_prereq UTF8_NFD_TO_NFC
+then
 	say "will test on a unicode corrupting filesystem"
-test "$no_symlinks" &&
+	test_unicode=test_expect_failure
+else
+	test_unicode=test_expect_success
+fi
+
+test_have_prereq SYMLINKS ||
 	say "will test on a filesystem lacking symbolic links"
 
-if test "$case_insensitive"
+if test_have_prereq CASE_INSENSITIVE_FS
 then
 test_expect_success "detection of case insensitive filesystem during repo init" '
-
 	test $(git config --bool core.ignorecase) = true
 '
 else
 test_expect_success "detection of case insensitive filesystem during repo init" '
-
 	test_must_fail git config --bool core.ignorecase >/dev/null ||
 	test $(git config --bool core.ignorecase) = false
 '
 fi
 
-if test "$no_symlinks"
+if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
 then
 test_expect_success "detection of filesystem w/o symlink support during repo init" '
-
-	v=$(git config --bool core.symlinks) &&
-	test "$v" = false
+	test_must_fail git config --bool core.symlinks ||
+	test "$(git config --bool core.symlinks)" = true
 '
 else
 test_expect_success "detection of filesystem w/o symlink support during repo init" '
-
-	test_must_fail git config --bool core.symlinks ||
-	test "$(git config --bool core.symlinks)" = true
+	v=$(git config --bool core.symlinks) &&
+	test "$v" = false
 '
 fi
 
 test_expect_success "setup case tests" '
-
 	git config core.ignorecase true &&
 	touch camelcase &&
 	git add camelcase &&
@@ -89,29 +62,23 @@
 	git mv tmp CamelCase &&
 	git commit -m "rename" &&
 	git checkout -f master
-
 '
 
 $test_case 'rename (case change)' '
-
 	git mv camelcase CamelCase &&
 	git commit -m "rename"
-
 '
 
-$test_case 'merge (case change)' '
-
+test_expect_success 'merge (case change)' '
 	rm -f CamelCase &&
 	rm -f camelcase &&
 	git reset --hard initial &&
 	git merge topic
-
 '
 
 
 
-test_expect_failure 'add (with different case)' '
-
+test_expect_failure CASE_INSENSITIVE_FS 'add (with different case)' '
 	git reset --hard initial &&
 	rm camelcase &&
 	echo 1 >CamelCase &&
@@ -119,37 +86,30 @@
 	camel=$(git ls-files | grep -i camelcase) &&
 	test $(echo "$camel" | wc -l) = 1 &&
 	test "z$(git cat-file blob :$camel)" = z1
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success "setup unicode normalization tests" '
-
-  test_create_repo unicode &&
-  cd unicode &&
-  touch "$aumlcdiar" &&
-  git add "$aumlcdiar" &&
-  git commit -m initial &&
-  git tag initial &&
-  git checkout -b topic &&
-  git mv $aumlcdiar tmp &&
-  git mv tmp "$auml" &&
-  git commit -m rename &&
-  git checkout -f master
-
+	test_create_repo unicode &&
+	cd unicode &&
+	touch "$aumlcdiar" &&
+	git add "$aumlcdiar" &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	git tag initial &&
+	git checkout -b topic &&
+	git mv $aumlcdiar tmp &&
+	git mv tmp "$auml" &&
+	git commit -m rename &&
+	git checkout -f master
 '
 
 $test_unicode 'rename (silent unicode normalization)' '
-
- git mv "$aumlcdiar" "$auml" &&
- git commit -m rename
-
+	git mv "$aumlcdiar" "$auml" &&
+	git commit -m rename
 '
 
 $test_unicode 'merge (silent unicode normalization)' '
-
- git reset --hard initial &&
- git merge topic
-
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	git merge topic
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0060-path-utils.sh b/t/t0060-path-utils.sh
index 53cf1f8..09a42a4 100755
--- a/t/t0060-path-utils.sh
+++ b/t/t0060-path-utils.sh
@@ -93,50 +93,94 @@
 norm_path /d1/.../d2 /d1/.../d2 POSIX
 norm_path /d1/..././../d2 /d1/d2 POSIX
 
-ancestor / "" -1
 ancestor / / -1
-ancestor /foo "" -1
-ancestor /foo : -1
-ancestor /foo ::. -1
-ancestor /foo ::..:: -1
 ancestor /foo / 0
 ancestor /foo /fo -1
 ancestor /foo /foo -1
-ancestor /foo /foo/ -1
 ancestor /foo /bar -1
-ancestor /foo /bar/ -1
 ancestor /foo /foo/bar -1
-ancestor /foo /foo:/bar/ -1
-ancestor /foo /foo/:/bar/ -1
-ancestor /foo /foo::/bar/ -1
-ancestor /foo /:/foo:/bar/ 0
-ancestor /foo /foo:/:/bar/ 0
-ancestor /foo /:/bar/:/foo 0
-ancestor /foo/bar "" -1
+ancestor /foo /foo:/bar -1
+ancestor /foo /:/foo:/bar 0
+ancestor /foo /foo:/:/bar 0
+ancestor /foo /:/bar:/foo 0
 ancestor /foo/bar / 0
 ancestor /foo/bar /fo -1
-ancestor /foo/bar foo -1
 ancestor /foo/bar /foo 4
-ancestor /foo/bar /foo/ 4
 ancestor /foo/bar /foo/ba -1
 ancestor /foo/bar /:/fo 0
 ancestor /foo/bar /foo:/foo/ba 4
 ancestor /foo/bar /bar -1
-ancestor /foo/bar /bar/ -1
-ancestor /foo/bar /fo: -1
-ancestor /foo/bar :/fo -1
-ancestor /foo/bar /foo:/bar/ 4
-ancestor /foo/bar /:/foo:/bar/ 4
-ancestor /foo/bar /foo:/:/bar/ 4
-ancestor /foo/bar /:/bar/:/fo 0
-ancestor /foo/bar /:/bar/ 0
-ancestor /foo/bar .:/foo/. 4
-ancestor /foo/bar .:/foo/.:.: 4
-ancestor /foo/bar /foo/./:.:/bar 4
-ancestor /foo/bar .:/bar -1
+ancestor /foo/bar /fo -1
+ancestor /foo/bar /foo:/bar 4
+ancestor /foo/bar /:/foo:/bar 4
+ancestor /foo/bar /foo:/:/bar 4
+ancestor /foo/bar /:/bar:/fo 0
+ancestor /foo/bar /:/bar 0
+ancestor /foo/bar /foo 4
+ancestor /foo/bar /foo:/bar 4
+ancestor /foo/bar /bar -1
 
 test_expect_success 'strip_path_suffix' '
 	test c:/msysgit = $(test-path-utils strip_path_suffix \
 		c:/msysgit/libexec//git-core libexec/git-core)
 '
+
+test_expect_success 'absolute path rejects the empty string' '
+	test_must_fail test-path-utils absolute_path ""
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'real path rejects the empty string' '
+	test_must_fail test-path-utils real_path ""
+'
+
+test_expect_success POSIX 'real path works on absolute paths 1' '
+	nopath="hopefully-absent-path" &&
+	test "/" = "$(test-path-utils real_path "/")" &&
+	test "/$nopath" = "$(test-path-utils real_path "/$nopath")"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'real path works on absolute paths 2' '
+	nopath="hopefully-absent-path" &&
+	# Find an existing top-level directory for the remaining tests:
+	d=$(pwd -P | sed -e "s|^\([^/]*/[^/]*\)/.*|\1|") &&
+	test "$d" = "$(test-path-utils real_path "$d")" &&
+	test "$d/$nopath" = "$(test-path-utils real_path "$d/$nopath")"
+'
+
+test_expect_success POSIX 'real path removes extra leading slashes' '
+	nopath="hopefully-absent-path" &&
+	test "/" = "$(test-path-utils real_path "///")" &&
+	test "/$nopath" = "$(test-path-utils real_path "///$nopath")" &&
+	# Find an existing top-level directory for the remaining tests:
+	d=$(pwd -P | sed -e "s|^\([^/]*/[^/]*\)/.*|\1|") &&
+	test "$d" = "$(test-path-utils real_path "//$d")" &&
+	test "$d/$nopath" = "$(test-path-utils real_path "//$d/$nopath")"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'real path removes other extra slashes' '
+	nopath="hopefully-absent-path" &&
+	# Find an existing top-level directory for the remaining tests:
+	d=$(pwd -P | sed -e "s|^\([^/]*/[^/]*\)/.*|\1|") &&
+	test "$d" = "$(test-path-utils real_path "$d///")" &&
+	test "$d/$nopath" = "$(test-path-utils real_path "$d///$nopath")"
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'real path works on symlinks' '
+	mkdir first &&
+	ln -s ../.git first/.git &&
+	mkdir second &&
+	ln -s ../first second/other &&
+	mkdir third &&
+	dir="$(cd .git; pwd -P)" &&
+	dir2=third/../second/other/.git &&
+	test "$dir" = "$(test-path-utils real_path $dir2)" &&
+	file="$dir"/index &&
+	test "$file" = "$(test-path-utils real_path $dir2/index)" &&
+	basename=blub &&
+	test "$dir/$basename" = "$(cd .git && test-path-utils real_path "$basename")" &&
+	ln -s ../first/file .git/syml &&
+	sym="$(cd first; pwd -P)"/file &&
+	test "$sym" = "$(test-path-utils real_path "$dir2/syml")"
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0063-string-list.sh b/t/t0063-string-list.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..dbfc05e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0063-string-list.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Michael Haggerty
+#
+
+test_description='Test string list functionality'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_split () {
+	cat >expected &&
+	test_expect_success "split $1 at $2, max $3" "
+		test-string-list split '$1' '$2' '$3' >actual &&
+		test_cmp expected actual &&
+		test-string-list split_in_place '$1' '$2' '$3' >actual &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	"
+}
+
+test_split "foo:bar:baz" ":" "-1" <<EOF
+3
+[0]: "foo"
+[1]: "bar"
+[2]: "baz"
+EOF
+
+test_split "foo:bar:baz" ":" "0" <<EOF
+1
+[0]: "foo:bar:baz"
+EOF
+
+test_split "foo:bar:baz" ":" "1" <<EOF
+2
+[0]: "foo"
+[1]: "bar:baz"
+EOF
+
+test_split "foo:bar:baz" ":" "2" <<EOF
+3
+[0]: "foo"
+[1]: "bar"
+[2]: "baz"
+EOF
+
+test_split "foo:bar:" ":" "-1" <<EOF
+3
+[0]: "foo"
+[1]: "bar"
+[2]: ""
+EOF
+
+test_split "" ":" "-1" <<EOF
+1
+[0]: ""
+EOF
+
+test_split ":" ":" "-1" <<EOF
+2
+[0]: ""
+[1]: ""
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success "test filter_string_list" '
+	test "x-" = "x$(test-string-list filter - y)" &&
+	test "x-" = "x$(test-string-list filter no y)" &&
+	test yes = "$(test-string-list filter yes y)" &&
+	test yes = "$(test-string-list filter no:yes y)" &&
+	test yes = "$(test-string-list filter yes:no y)" &&
+	test y1:y2 = "$(test-string-list filter y1:y2 y)" &&
+	test y2:y1 = "$(test-string-list filter y2:y1 y)" &&
+	test "x-" = "x$(test-string-list filter x1:x2 y)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success "test remove_duplicates" '
+	test "x-" = "x$(test-string-list remove_duplicates -)" &&
+	test "x" = "x$(test-string-list remove_duplicates "")" &&
+	test a = "$(test-string-list remove_duplicates a)" &&
+	test a = "$(test-string-list remove_duplicates a:a)" &&
+	test a = "$(test-string-list remove_duplicates a:a:a:a:a)" &&
+	test a:b = "$(test-string-list remove_duplicates a:b)" &&
+	test a:b = "$(test-string-list remove_duplicates a:a:b)" &&
+	test a:b = "$(test-string-list remove_duplicates a:b:b)" &&
+	test a:b:c = "$(test-string-list remove_duplicates a:b:c)" &&
+	test a:b:c = "$(test-string-list remove_duplicates a:a:b:c)" &&
+	test a:b:c = "$(test-string-list remove_duplicates a:b:b:c)" &&
+	test a:b:c = "$(test-string-list remove_duplicates a:b:c:c)" &&
+	test a:b:c = "$(test-string-list remove_duplicates a:a:b:b:c:c)" &&
+	test a:b:c = "$(test-string-list remove_duplicates a:a:a:b:b:b:c:c:c)"
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t0070-fundamental.sh b/t/t0070-fundamental.sh
index 9bee8bf..986b2a8 100755
--- a/t/t0070-fundamental.sh
+++ b/t/t0070-fundamental.sh
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 	grep "doesnotexist/test" err
 '
 
-test_expect_success POSIXPERM 'mktemp to unwritable directory prints filename' '
+test_expect_success POSIXPERM,SANITY 'mktemp to unwritable directory prints filename' '
 	mkdir cannotwrite &&
 	chmod -w cannotwrite &&
 	test_when_finished "chmod +w cannotwrite" &&
@@ -25,4 +25,9 @@
 	grep "cannotwrite/test" err
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'check for a bug in the regex routines' '
+	# if this test fails, re-build git with NO_REGEX=1
+	test-regex
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0100-previous.sh b/t/t0100-previous.sh
index 315b9b3..e0a6940 100755
--- a/t/t0100-previous.sh
+++ b/t/t0100-previous.sh
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 	test_commit B &&
 	git checkout A &&
 	test_commit C &&
+	test_commit D &&
 	git branch -f master B &&
 	git branch -f other &&
 	git checkout other &&
@@ -35,14 +36,24 @@
 	git cat-file commit HEAD | grep "Merge branch '\''other'\''"
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'merge @{-1} when there is not enough switches yet' '
+test_expect_success 'merge @{-1}~1' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	git reset --hard B &&
+	git checkout other &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git merge @{-1}~1 &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD >actual &&
+	grep "Merge branch '\''other'\''" actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge @{-100} before checking out that many branches yet' '
 	git reflog expire --expire=now &&
 	git checkout -f master &&
 	git reset --hard B &&
 	git branch -f other C &&
 	git checkout other &&
 	git checkout master &&
-	test_must_fail git merge @{-12}
+	test_must_fail git merge @{-100}
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0201-gettext-fallbacks.sh b/t/t0201-gettext-fallbacks.sh
index 52b1c27..5d80a98 100755
--- a/t/t0201-gettext-fallbacks.sh
+++ b/t/t0201-gettext-fallbacks.sh
@@ -51,16 +51,16 @@
 test_expect_success 'eval_gettext: our eval_gettext() fallback can interpolate variables with spaces' '
     cmdline="git am" &&
     export cmdline;
-    printf "When you have resolved this problem run git am --resolved." >expect &&
-    eval_gettext "When you have resolved this problem run \$cmdline --resolved." >actual
+    printf "When you have resolved this problem, run git am --resolved." >expect &&
+    eval_gettext "When you have resolved this problem, run \$cmdline --resolved." >actual
     test_i18ncmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'eval_gettext: our eval_gettext() fallback can interpolate variables with spaces and quotes' '
     cmdline="git am" &&
     export cmdline;
-    printf "When you have resolved this problem run \"git am --resolved\"." >expect &&
-    eval_gettext "When you have resolved this problem run \"\$cmdline --resolved\"." >actual
+    printf "When you have resolved this problem, run \"git am --resolved\"." >expect &&
+    eval_gettext "When you have resolved this problem, run \"\$cmdline --resolved\"." >actual
     test_i18ncmp expect actual
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t0300-credentials.sh b/t/t0300-credentials.sh
index 20e28e3..538ea5f 100755
--- a/t/t0300-credentials.sh
+++ b/t/t0300-credentials.sh
@@ -82,6 +82,9 @@
 	host=example.com
 	path=foo.git
 	--
+	protocol=ftp
+	host=example.com
+	path=foo.git
 	username=one
 	password=two
 	--
@@ -213,6 +216,8 @@
 	host=example.com
 	path=repo.git
 	--
+	protocol=https
+	host=example.com
 	username=foo
 	password=bar
 	--
@@ -225,6 +230,8 @@
 	protocol=https
 	host=bar
 	--
+	protocol=https
+	host=bar
 	username=askpass-username
 	password=askpass-password
 	--
@@ -239,6 +246,8 @@
 	protocol=https
 	host=example.com
 	--
+	protocol=https
+	host=example.com
 	username=foo
 	password=askpass-password
 	--
@@ -252,6 +261,8 @@
 	host=example.com
 	path=foo.git
 	--
+	protocol=https
+	host=example.com
 	username=foo
 	password=bar
 	--
@@ -265,6 +276,9 @@
 	host=example.com
 	path=foo.git
 	--
+	protocol=https
+	host=example.com
+	path=foo.git
 	username=foo
 	password=bar
 	--
diff --git a/t/t1006-cat-file.sh b/t/t1006-cat-file.sh
index d8b7f2f..9cc5c6b 100755
--- a/t/t1006-cat-file.sh
+++ b/t/t1006-cat-file.sh
@@ -116,9 +116,9 @@
 
 run_tests 'tree' $tree_sha1 $tree_size "" "$tree_pretty_content"
 
-commit_message="Intial commit"
+commit_message="Initial commit"
 commit_sha1=$(echo_without_newline "$commit_message" | git commit-tree $tree_sha1)
-commit_size=176
+commit_size=177
 commit_content="tree $tree_sha1
 author $GIT_AUTHOR_NAME <$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL> 0000000000 +0000
 committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> 0000000000 +0000
@@ -135,14 +135,11 @@
 tag_content="$tag_header_without_timestamp 0000000000 +0000
 
 $tag_description"
-tag_pretty_content="$tag_header_without_timestamp Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 +0000
-
-$tag_description"
 
 tag_sha1=$(echo_without_newline "$tag_content" | git mktag)
 tag_size=$(strlen "$tag_content")
 
-run_tests 'tag' $tag_sha1 $tag_size "$tag_content" "$tag_pretty_content" 1
+run_tests 'tag' $tag_sha1 $tag_size "$tag_content" "$tag_content" 1
 
 test_expect_success \
     "Reach a blob from a tag pointing to it" \
diff --git a/t/t1010-mktree.sh b/t/t1010-mktree.sh
index b946f87..df573c4 100755
--- a/t/t1010-mktree.sh
+++ b/t/t1010-mktree.sh
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'ls-tree output in wrong order given to mktree (1)' '
-	perl -e "print reverse <>" <top |
+	"$PERL_PATH" -e "print reverse <>" <top |
 	git mktree >actual &&
 	test_cmp tree actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'ls-tree output in wrong order given to mktree (2)' '
-	perl -e "print reverse <>" <top.withsub |
+	"$PERL_PATH" -e "print reverse <>" <top.withsub |
 	git mktree >actual &&
 	test_cmp tree.withsub actual
 '
diff --git a/t/t1011-read-tree-sparse-checkout.sh b/t/t1011-read-tree-sparse-checkout.sh
index 5c0053a..0c74bee 100755
--- a/t/t1011-read-tree-sparse-checkout.sh
+++ b/t/t1011-read-tree-sparse-checkout.sh
@@ -250,4 +250,28 @@
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'checkout without --ignore-skip-worktree-bits' '
+	echo "*" >.git/info/sparse-checkout &&
+	git checkout -f top &&
+	test_path_is_file init.t &&
+	echo sub >.git/info/sparse-checkout &&
+	git checkout &&
+	echo modified >> sub/added &&
+	git checkout . &&
+	test_path_is_missing init.t &&
+	git diff --exit-code HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout with --ignore-skip-worktree-bits' '
+	echo "*" >.git/info/sparse-checkout &&
+	git checkout -f top &&
+	test_path_is_file init.t &&
+	echo sub >.git/info/sparse-checkout &&
+	git checkout &&
+	echo modified >> sub/added &&
+	git checkout --ignore-skip-worktree-bits . &&
+	test_path_is_file init.t &&
+	git diff --exit-code HEAD
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1020-subdirectory.sh b/t/t1020-subdirectory.sh
index e23ac0e..1e2945e 100755
--- a/t/t1020-subdirectory.sh
+++ b/t/t1020-subdirectory.sh
@@ -111,19 +111,19 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'alias expansion' '
 	(
-		git config alias.ss status &&
+		git config alias.test-status-alias status &&
 		cd dir &&
 		git status &&
-		git ss
+		git test-status-alias
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success NOT_MINGW '!alias expansion' '
 	pwd >expect &&
 	(
-		git config alias.test !pwd &&
+		git config alias.test-alias-directory !pwd &&
 		cd dir &&
-		git test >../actual
+		git test-alias-directory >../actual
 	) &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
@@ -131,9 +131,9 @@
 test_expect_success 'GIT_PREFIX for !alias' '
 	printf "dir/" >expect &&
 	(
-		git config alias.test "!sh -c \"printf \$GIT_PREFIX\"" &&
+		git config alias.test-alias-directory "!sh -c \"printf \$GIT_PREFIX\"" &&
 		cd dir &&
-		git test >../actual
+		git test-alias-directory >../actual
 	) &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
diff --git a/t/t1050-large.sh b/t/t1050-large.sh
index 55ed955..fd10528 100755
--- a/t/t1050-large.sh
+++ b/t/t1050-large.sh
@@ -130,10 +130,27 @@
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'index-pack' '
+	git clone file://"`pwd`"/.git foo &&
+	GIT_DIR=non-existent git index-pack --strict --verify foo/.git/objects/pack/*.pack
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'repack' '
 	git repack -ad
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'pack-objects with large loose object' '
+	SHA1=`git hash-object huge` &&
+	test_create_repo loose &&
+	echo $SHA1 | git pack-objects --stdout |
+		GIT_ALLOC_LIMIT=0 GIT_DIR=loose/.git git unpack-objects &&
+	echo $SHA1 | GIT_DIR=loose/.git git pack-objects pack &&
+	test_create_repo packed &&
+	mv pack-* packed/.git/objects/pack &&
+	GIT_DIR=packed/.git git cat-file blob $SHA1 >actual &&
+	cmp huge actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'tar achiving' '
 	git archive --format=tar HEAD >/dev/null
 '
diff --git a/t/t1060-object-corruption.sh b/t/t1060-object-corruption.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3f87051
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1060-object-corruption.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='see how we handle various forms of corruption'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# convert "1234abcd" to ".git/objects/12/34abcd"
+obj_to_file() {
+	echo "$(git rev-parse --git-dir)/objects/$(git rev-parse "$1" | sed 's,..,&/,')"
+}
+
+# Convert byte at offset "$2" of object "$1" into '\0'
+corrupt_byte() {
+	obj_file=$(obj_to_file "$1") &&
+	chmod +w "$obj_file" &&
+	printf '\0' | dd of="$obj_file" bs=1 seek="$2" conv=notrunc
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup corrupt repo' '
+	git init bit-error &&
+	(
+		cd bit-error &&
+		test_commit content &&
+		corrupt_byte HEAD:content.t 10
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup repo with missing object' '
+	git init missing &&
+	(
+		cd missing &&
+		test_commit content &&
+		rm -f "$(obj_to_file HEAD:content.t)"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup repo with misnamed object' '
+	git init misnamed &&
+	(
+		cd misnamed &&
+		test_commit content &&
+		good=$(obj_to_file HEAD:content.t) &&
+		blob=$(echo corrupt | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
+		bad=$(obj_to_file $blob) &&
+		rm -f "$good" &&
+		mv "$bad" "$good"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'streaming a corrupt blob fails' '
+	(
+		cd bit-error &&
+		test_must_fail git cat-file blob HEAD:content.t
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'read-tree -u detects bit-errors in blobs' '
+	(
+		cd bit-error &&
+		rm -f content.t &&
+		test_must_fail git read-tree --reset -u HEAD
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'read-tree -u detects missing objects' '
+	(
+		cd missing &&
+		rm -f content.t &&
+		test_must_fail git read-tree --reset -u HEAD
+	)
+'
+
+# We use --bare to make sure that the transport detects it, not the checkout
+# phase.
+test_expect_success 'clone --no-local --bare detects corruption' '
+	test_must_fail git clone --no-local --bare bit-error corrupt-transport
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone --no-local --bare detects missing object' '
+	test_must_fail git clone --no-local --bare missing missing-transport
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone --no-local --bare detects misnamed object' '
+	test_must_fail git clone --no-local --bare misnamed misnamed-transport
+'
+
+# We do not expect --local to detect corruption at the transport layer,
+# so we are really checking the checkout() code path.
+test_expect_success 'clone --local detects corruption' '
+	test_must_fail git clone --local bit-error corrupt-checkout
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'error detected during checkout leaves repo intact' '
+	test_path_is_dir corrupt-checkout/.git
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone --local detects missing objects' '
+	test_must_fail git clone --local missing missing-checkout
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'clone --local detects misnamed objects' '
+	test_must_fail git clone --local misnamed misnamed-checkout
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1100-commit-tree-options.sh b/t/t1100-commit-tree-options.sh
index c4414ff..f8457f9 100755
--- a/t/t1100-commit-tree-options.sh
+++ b/t/t1100-commit-tree-options.sh
@@ -7,6 +7,9 @@
 
 This test checks that git commit-tree can create a specific commit
 object by defining all environment variables that it understands.
+
+Also make sure that command line parser understands the normal
+"flags first and then non flag arguments" command line.
 '
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
@@ -42,4 +45,19 @@
     'compare commit' \
     'test_cmp expected commit'
 
+
+test_expect_success 'flags and then non flags' '
+	test_tick &&
+	echo comment text |
+	git commit-tree $(cat treeid) >commitid &&
+	echo comment text |
+	git commit-tree $(cat treeid) -p $(cat commitid) >childid-1 &&
+	echo comment text |
+	git commit-tree -p $(cat commitid) $(cat treeid) >childid-2 &&
+	test_cmp childid-1 childid-2 &&
+	git commit-tree $(cat treeid) -m foo >childid-3 &&
+	git commit-tree -m foo $(cat treeid) >childid-4 &&
+	test_cmp childid-3 childid-4
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1300-repo-config.sh b/t/t1300-repo-config.sh
index a477453..c4a7d84 100755
--- a/t/t1300-repo-config.sh
+++ b/t/t1300-repo-config.sh
@@ -55,11 +55,13 @@
 	test_cmp expect .git/config
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'replace with non-match' \
-	'git config core.penguin kingpin !blue'
+test_expect_success 'replace with non-match' '
+	git config core.penguin kingpin !blue
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'replace with non-match (actually matching)' \
-	'git config core.penguin "very blue" !kingpin'
+test_expect_success 'replace with non-match (actually matching)' '
+	git config core.penguin "very blue" !kingpin
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 [core]
@@ -108,8 +110,9 @@
 lines
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success 'unset with cont. lines' \
-	'git config --unset beta.baz'
+test_expect_success 'unset with cont. lines' '
+	git config --unset beta.baz
+'
 
 cat > expect <<\EOF
 [alpha]
@@ -133,8 +136,9 @@
 
 cp .git/config .git/config2
 
-test_expect_success 'multiple unset' \
-	'git config --unset-all beta.haha'
+test_expect_success 'multiple unset' '
+	git config --unset-all beta.haha
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 [beta] ; silly comment # another comment
@@ -145,7 +149,9 @@
 [nextSection] noNewline = ouch
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success 'multiple unset is correct' 'test_cmp expect .git/config'
+test_expect_success 'multiple unset is correct' '
+	test_cmp expect .git/config
+'
 
 cp .git/config2 .git/config
 
@@ -156,8 +162,9 @@
 
 rm .git/config2
 
-test_expect_success '--replace-all' \
-	'git config --replace-all beta.haha gamma'
+test_expect_success '--replace-all' '
+	git config --replace-all beta.haha gamma
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 [beta] ; silly comment # another comment
@@ -169,7 +176,9 @@
 [nextSection] noNewline = ouch
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success 'all replaced' 'test_cmp expect .git/config'
+test_expect_success 'all replaced' '
+	test_cmp expect .git/config
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 [beta] ; silly comment # another comment
@@ -200,7 +209,11 @@
 	test_cmp expect .git/config
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'get value' 'test alpha = $(git config beta.haha)'
+test_expect_success 'get value' '
+	echo alpha >expect &&
+	git config beta.haha >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 [beta] ; silly comment # another comment
@@ -231,18 +244,30 @@
 	test_cmp expect .git/config
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'non-match' \
-	'git config --get nextsection.nonewline !for'
-
-test_expect_success 'non-match value' \
-	'test wow = $(git config --get nextsection.nonewline !for)'
-
-test_expect_success 'ambiguous get' '
-	test_must_fail git config --get nextsection.nonewline
+test_expect_success 'non-match' '
+	git config --get nextsection.nonewline !for
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'get multivar' \
-	'git config --get-all nextsection.nonewline'
+test_expect_success 'non-match value' '
+	echo wow >expect &&
+	git config --get nextsection.nonewline !for >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'multi-valued get returns final one' '
+	echo "wow2 for me" >expect &&
+	git config --get nextsection.nonewline >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'multi-valued get-all returns all' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	wow
+	wow2 for me
+	EOF
+	git config --get-all nextsection.nonewline >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 [beta] ; silly comment # another comment
@@ -259,10 +284,6 @@
 	test_cmp expect .git/config
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'ambiguous value' '
-	test_must_fail git config nextsection.nonewline
-'
-
 test_expect_success 'ambiguous unset' '
 	test_must_fail git config --unset nextsection.nonewline
 '
@@ -290,8 +311,9 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'correct key' 'git config 123456.a123 987'
 
-test_expect_success 'hierarchical section' \
-	'git config Version.1.2.3eX.Alpha beta'
+test_expect_success 'hierarchical section' '
+	git config Version.1.2.3eX.Alpha beta
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 [beta] ; silly comment # another comment
@@ -307,7 +329,9 @@
 	Alpha = beta
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success 'hierarchical section value' 'test_cmp expect .git/config'
+test_expect_success 'hierarchical section value' '
+	test_cmp expect .git/config
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 beta.noindent=sillyValue
@@ -316,9 +340,10 @@
 version.1.2.3eX.alpha=beta
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success 'working --list' \
-	'git config --list > output && cmp output expect'
-
+test_expect_success 'working --list' '
+	git config --list > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
 cat > expect << EOF
 EOF
 
@@ -332,8 +357,10 @@
 nextsection.nonewline wow2 for me
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success '--get-regexp' \
-	'git config --get-regexp in > output && cmp output expect'
+test_expect_success '--get-regexp' '
+	git config --get-regexp in >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 wow2 for me
@@ -353,45 +380,52 @@
 	variable =
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success 'get variable with no value' \
-	'git config --get novalue.variable ^$'
+test_expect_success 'get variable with no value' '
+	git config --get novalue.variable ^$
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'get variable with empty value' \
-	'git config --get emptyvalue.variable ^$'
+test_expect_success 'get variable with empty value' '
+	git config --get emptyvalue.variable ^$
+'
 
 echo novalue.variable > expect
 
-test_expect_success 'get-regexp variable with no value' \
-	'git config --get-regexp novalue > output &&
-	 cmp output expect'
+test_expect_success 'get-regexp variable with no value' '
+	git config --get-regexp novalue > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
 
 echo 'novalue.variable true' > expect
 
-test_expect_success 'get-regexp --bool variable with no value' \
-	'git config --bool --get-regexp novalue > output &&
-	 cmp output expect'
+test_expect_success 'get-regexp --bool variable with no value' '
+	git config --bool --get-regexp novalue > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
 
 echo 'emptyvalue.variable ' > expect
 
-test_expect_success 'get-regexp variable with empty value' \
-	'git config --get-regexp emptyvalue > output &&
-	 cmp output expect'
+test_expect_success 'get-regexp variable with empty value' '
+	git config --get-regexp emptyvalue > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
 
 echo true > expect
 
-test_expect_success 'get bool variable with no value' \
-	'git config --bool novalue.variable > output &&
-	 cmp output expect'
+test_expect_success 'get bool variable with no value' '
+	git config --bool novalue.variable > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
 
 echo false > expect
 
-test_expect_success 'get bool variable with empty value' \
-	'git config --bool emptyvalue.variable > output &&
-	 cmp output expect'
+test_expect_success 'get bool variable with empty value' '
+	git config --bool emptyvalue.variable > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'no arguments, but no crash' '
 	test_must_fail git config >output 2>&1 &&
-	grep usage output
+	test_i18ngrep usage output
 '
 
 cat > .git/config << EOF
@@ -427,8 +461,9 @@
 	test_cmp expect .git/config
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'alternative GIT_CONFIG (non-existing file should fail)' \
-	'test_must_fail git config --file non-existing-config -l'
+test_expect_success 'alternative GIT_CONFIG (non-existing file should fail)' '
+	test_must_fail git config --file non-existing-config -l
+'
 
 cat > other-config << EOF
 [ein]
@@ -444,8 +479,10 @@
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'alternative GIT_CONFIG (--file)' \
-	'git config --file other-config -l > output && cmp output expect'
+test_expect_success 'alternative GIT_CONFIG (--file)' '
+	git config --file other-config -l > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'refer config from subdirectory' '
 	mkdir x &&
@@ -489,8 +526,9 @@
 weird
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success "rename section" \
-	"git config --rename-section branch.eins branch.zwei"
+test_expect_success 'rename section' '
+	git config --rename-section branch.eins branch.zwei
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 # Hallo
@@ -503,17 +541,22 @@
 weird
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success "rename succeeded" "test_cmp expect .git/config"
+test_expect_success 'rename succeeded' '
+	test_cmp expect .git/config
+'
 
-test_expect_success "rename non-existing section" '
+test_expect_success 'rename non-existing section' '
 	test_must_fail git config --rename-section \
 		branch."world domination" branch.drei
 '
 
-test_expect_success "rename succeeded" "test_cmp expect .git/config"
+test_expect_success 'rename succeeded' '
+	test_cmp expect .git/config
+'
 
-test_expect_success "rename another section" \
-	'git config --rename-section branch."1 234 blabl/a" branch.drei'
+test_expect_success 'rename another section' '
+	git config --rename-section branch."1 234 blabl/a" branch.drei
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 # Hallo
@@ -526,14 +569,17 @@
 weird
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success "rename succeeded" "test_cmp expect .git/config"
+test_expect_success 'rename succeeded' '
+	test_cmp expect .git/config
+'
 
 cat >> .git/config << EOF
 [branch "vier"] z = 1
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success "rename a section with a var on the same line" \
-	'git config --rename-section branch.vier branch.zwei'
+test_expect_success 'rename a section with a var on the same line' '
+	git config --rename-section branch.vier branch.zwei
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 # Hallo
@@ -548,7 +594,9 @@
 	z = 1
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success "rename succeeded" "test_cmp expect .git/config"
+test_expect_success 'rename succeeded' '
+	test_cmp expect .git/config
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'renaming empty section name is rejected' '
 	test_must_fail git config --rename-section branch.zwei ""
@@ -562,7 +610,9 @@
   [branch "zwei"] a = 1 [branch "vier"]
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success "remove section" "git config --remove-section branch.zwei"
+test_expect_success 'remove section' '
+	git config --remove-section branch.zwei
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 # Hallo
@@ -571,8 +621,9 @@
 weird
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success "section was removed properly" \
-	"test_cmp expect .git/config"
+test_expect_success 'section was removed properly' '
+	test_cmp expect .git/config
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 [gitcvs]
@@ -583,7 +634,6 @@
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'section ending' '
-
 	rm -f .git/config &&
 	git config gitcvs.enabled true &&
 	git config gitcvs.ext.dbname %Ggitcvs1.%a.%m.sqlite &&
@@ -593,30 +643,25 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success numbers '
-
 	git config kilo.gram 1k &&
 	git config mega.ton 1m &&
-	k=$(git config --int --get kilo.gram) &&
-	test z1024 = "z$k" &&
-	m=$(git config --int --get mega.ton) &&
-	test z1048576 = "z$m"
+	echo 1024 >expect &&
+	echo 1048576 >>expect &&
+	git config --int --get kilo.gram >actual &&
+	git config --int --get mega.ton >>actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-cat > expect <<EOF
-fatal: bad config value for 'aninvalid.unit' in .git/config
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success 'invalid unit' '
-
 	git config aninvalid.unit "1auto" &&
-	s=$(git config aninvalid.unit) &&
-	test "z1auto" = "z$s" &&
-	if git config --int --get aninvalid.unit 2>actual
-	then
-		echo config should have failed
-		false
-	fi &&
-	cmp actual expect
+	echo 1auto >expect &&
+	git config aninvalid.unit >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	cat > expect <<-\EOF
+	fatal: bad config value for '\''aninvalid.unit'\'' in .git/config
+	EOF
+	test_must_fail git config --int --get aninvalid.unit 2>actual &&
+	test_cmp actual expect
 '
 
 cat > expect << EOF
@@ -646,7 +691,7 @@
 	    git config --bool --get bool.true$i >>result
 	    git config --bool --get bool.false$i >>result
         done &&
-	cmp expect result'
+	test_cmp expect result'
 
 test_expect_success 'invalid bool (--get)' '
 
@@ -680,7 +725,7 @@
 	git config --bool bool.false2 "" &&
 	git config --bool bool.false3 nO &&
 	git config --bool bool.false4 FALSE &&
-	cmp expect .git/config'
+	test_cmp expect .git/config'
 
 cat > expect <<\EOF
 [int]
@@ -695,39 +740,37 @@
 	git config --int int.val1 01 &&
 	git config --int int.val2 -1 &&
 	git config --int int.val3 5m &&
-	cmp expect .git/config'
+	test_cmp expect .git/config
+'
 
-cat >expect <<\EOF
-[bool]
-	true1 = true
+test_expect_success 'get --bool-or-int' '
+	cat >.git/config <<-\EOF &&
+	[bool]
+	true1
 	true2 = true
-	false1 = false
-	false2 = false
-[int]
+	false = false
+	[int]
 	int1 = 0
 	int2 = 1
 	int3 = -1
-EOF
-
-test_expect_success 'get --bool-or-int' '
-	rm -f .git/config &&
-	(
-		echo "[bool]"
-		echo true1
-		echo true2 = true
-		echo false = false
-		echo "[int]"
-		echo int1 = 0
-		echo int2 = 1
-		echo int3 = -1
-	) >>.git/config &&
-	test $(git config --bool-or-int bool.true1) = true &&
-	test $(git config --bool-or-int bool.true2) = true &&
-	test $(git config --bool-or-int bool.false) = false &&
-	test $(git config --bool-or-int int.int1) = 0 &&
-	test $(git config --bool-or-int int.int2) = 1 &&
-	test $(git config --bool-or-int int.int3) = -1
-
+	EOF
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	true
+	true
+	false
+	0
+	1
+	-1
+	EOF
+	{
+		git config --bool-or-int bool.true1 &&
+		git config --bool-or-int bool.true2 &&
+		git config --bool-or-int bool.false &&
+		git config --bool-or-int int.int1 &&
+		git config --bool-or-int int.int2 &&
+		git config --bool-or-int int.int3
+	} >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 cat >expect <<\EOF
@@ -803,6 +846,11 @@
 	test_cmp expect result
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'get --path barfs on boolean variable' '
+	echo "[path]bool" >.git/config &&
+	test_must_fail git config --get --path path.bool
+'
+
 cat > expect << EOF
 [quote]
 	leading = " test"
@@ -844,7 +892,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'value continued on next line' '
 	git config --list > result &&
-	cmp result expect
+	test_cmp result expect
 '
 
 cat > .git/config <<\EOF
@@ -880,11 +928,12 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'inner whitespace kept verbatim' '
 	git config section.val "foo 	  bar" &&
-	test "z$(git config section.val)" = "zfoo 	  bar"
+	echo "foo 	  bar" >expect &&
+	git config section.val >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'symlinked configuration' '
-
 	ln -s notyet myconfig &&
 	GIT_CONFIG=myconfig git config test.frotz nitfol &&
 	test -h myconfig &&
@@ -893,9 +942,15 @@
 	GIT_CONFIG=myconfig git config test.xyzzy rezrov &&
 	test -h myconfig &&
 	test -f notyet &&
-	test "z$(GIT_CONFIG=notyet git config test.frotz)" = znitfol &&
-	test "z$(GIT_CONFIG=notyet git config test.xyzzy)" = zrezrov
-
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	nitfol
+	rezrov
+	EOF
+	{
+		GIT_CONFIG=notyet git config test.frotz &&
+		GIT_CONFIG=notyet git config test.xyzzy
+	} >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'nonexistent configuration' '
@@ -927,12 +982,20 @@
 	git commit -m 'initial commit' &&
 	git config branch.master.mergeoptions 'echo \"' &&
 	test_must_fail git merge master
-	"
+"
 
 test_expect_success 'git -c "key=value" support' '
-	test "z$(git -c core.name=value config core.name)" = zvalue &&
-	test "z$(git -c foo.CamelCase=value config foo.camelcase)" = zvalue &&
-	test "z$(git -c foo.flag config --bool foo.flag)" = ztrue &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	value
+	value
+	true
+	EOF
+	{
+		git -c core.name=value config core.name &&
+		git -c foo.CamelCase=value config foo.camelcase &&
+		git -c foo.flag config --bool foo.flag
+	} >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
 	test_must_fail git -c name=value config core.name
 '
 
@@ -1024,4 +1087,39 @@
 	grep " line 3 " error
 '
 
+# good section hygiene
+test_expect_failure 'unsetting the last key in a section removes header' '
+	cat >.git/config <<-\EOF &&
+	# some generic comment on the configuration file itself
+	# a comment specific to this "section" section.
+	[section]
+	# some intervening lines
+	# that should also be dropped
+
+	key = value
+	# please be careful when you update the above variable
+	EOF
+
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	# some generic comment on the configuration file itself
+	EOF
+
+	git config --unset section.key &&
+	test_cmp expect .git/config
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'adding a key into an empty section reuses header' '
+	cat >.git/config <<-\EOF &&
+	[section]
+	EOF
+
+	q_to_tab >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	[section]
+	Qkey = value
+	EOF
+
+	git config section.key value
+	test_cmp expect .git/config
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1304-default-acl.sh b/t/t1304-default-acl.sh
index 2b962cf..79045ab 100755
--- a/t/t1304-default-acl.sh
+++ b/t/t1304-default-acl.sh
@@ -14,16 +14,15 @@
 # We need an arbitrary other user give permission to using ACLs. root
 # is a good candidate: exists on all unices, and it has permission
 # anyway, so we don't create a security hole running the testsuite.
-
-setfacl_out="$(setfacl -m u:root:rwx . 2>&1)"
-setfacl_ret=$?
-
-if test $setfacl_ret != 0
-then
-	say "Unable to use setfacl (output: '$setfacl_out'; return code: '$setfacl_ret')"
-else
-	test_set_prereq SETFACL
-fi
+test_expect_success 'checking for a working acl setup' '
+	if setfacl -m d:m:rwx -m u:root:rwx . &&
+	   getfacl . | grep user:root:rwx &&
+	   touch should-have-readable-acl &&
+	   getfacl should-have-readable-acl | egrep "mask::?rw-"
+	then
+		test_set_prereq SETFACL
+	fi
+'
 
 if test -z "$LOGNAME"
 then
diff --git a/t/t1306-xdg-files.sh b/t/t1306-xdg-files.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8b14ab1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1306-xdg-files.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Valentin Duperray, Lucien Kong, Franck Jonas,
+#		     Thomas Nguy, Khoi Nguyen
+#		     Grenoble INP Ensimag
+#
+
+test_description='Compatibility with $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/ files'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'read config: xdg file exists and ~/.gitconfig doesn'\''t' '
+	mkdir -p .config/git &&
+	echo "[alias]" >.config/git/config &&
+	echo "	myalias = !echo in_config" >>.config/git/config &&
+	echo in_config >expected &&
+	git myalias >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'read config: xdg file exists and ~/.gitconfig exists' '
+	>.gitconfig &&
+	echo "[alias]" >.gitconfig &&
+	echo "	myalias = !echo in_gitconfig" >>.gitconfig &&
+	echo in_gitconfig >expected &&
+	git myalias >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'read with --get: xdg file exists and ~/.gitconfig doesn'\''t' '
+	rm .gitconfig &&
+	echo "[user]" >.config/git/config &&
+	echo "	name = read_config" >>.config/git/config &&
+	echo read_config >expected &&
+	git config --get user.name >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"$XDG_CONFIG_HOME overrides $HOME/.config/git' '
+	mkdir -p "$HOME"/xdg/git &&
+	echo "[user]name = in_xdg" >"$HOME"/xdg/git/config &&
+	echo in_xdg >expected &&
+	XDG_CONFIG_HOME="$HOME"/xdg git config --get-all user.name >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'read with --get: xdg file exists and ~/.gitconfig exists' '
+	>.gitconfig &&
+	echo "[user]" >.gitconfig &&
+	echo "	name = read_gitconfig" >>.gitconfig &&
+	echo read_gitconfig >expected &&
+	git config --get user.name >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'read with --list: xdg file exists and ~/.gitconfig doesn'\''t' '
+	rm .gitconfig &&
+	echo user.name=read_config >expected &&
+	git config --global --list >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'read with --list: xdg file exists and ~/.gitconfig exists' '
+	>.gitconfig &&
+	echo "[user]" >.gitconfig &&
+	echo "	name = read_gitconfig" >>.gitconfig &&
+	echo user.name=read_gitconfig >expected &&
+	git config --global --list >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'Setup' '
+	git init git &&
+	cd git &&
+	echo foo >to_be_excluded
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'Exclusion of a file in the XDG ignore file' '
+	mkdir -p "$HOME"/.config/git/ &&
+	echo to_be_excluded >"$HOME"/.config/git/ignore &&
+	test_must_fail git add to_be_excluded
+'
+
+test_expect_success '$XDG_CONFIG_HOME overrides $HOME/.config/git/ignore' '
+	mkdir -p "$HOME"/xdg/git &&
+	echo content >excluded_by_xdg_only &&
+	echo excluded_by_xdg_only >"$HOME"/xdg/git/ignore &&
+	test_when_finished "git read-tree --empty" &&
+	(XDG_CONFIG_HOME="$HOME/xdg" &&
+	 export XDG_CONFIG_HOME &&
+	 git add to_be_excluded &&
+	 test_must_fail git add excluded_by_xdg_only
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Exclusion in both XDG and local ignore files' '
+	echo to_be_excluded >.gitignore &&
+	test_must_fail git add to_be_excluded
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'Exclusion in a non-XDG global ignore file' '
+	rm .gitignore &&
+	echo >"$HOME"/.config/git/ignore &&
+	echo to_be_excluded >"$HOME"/my_gitignore &&
+	git config core.excludesfile "$HOME"/my_gitignore &&
+	test_must_fail git add to_be_excluded
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Checking XDG ignore file when HOME is unset' '
+	>expected &&
+	(sane_unset HOME &&
+	 git config --unset core.excludesfile &&
+	 git ls-files --exclude-standard --ignored >actual) &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Checking attributes in the XDG attributes file' '
+	echo foo >f &&
+	git check-attr -a f >actual &&
+	test_line_count -eq 0 actual &&
+	echo "f attr_f" >"$HOME"/.config/git/attributes &&
+	echo "f: attr_f: set" >expected &&
+	git check-attr -a f >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Checking XDG attributes when HOME is unset' '
+	>expected &&
+	(sane_unset HOME &&
+	 git check-attr -a f >actual) &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '$XDG_CONFIG_HOME overrides $HOME/.config/git/attributes' '
+	mkdir -p "$HOME"/xdg/git &&
+	echo "f attr_f=xdg" >"$HOME"/xdg/git/attributes &&
+	echo "f: attr_f: xdg" >expected &&
+	XDG_CONFIG_HOME="$HOME/xdg" git check-attr -a f >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Checking attributes in both XDG and local attributes files' '
+	echo "f -attr_f" >.gitattributes &&
+	echo "f: attr_f: unset" >expected &&
+	git check-attr -a f >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'Checking attributes in a non-XDG global attributes file' '
+	test_might_fail rm .gitattributes &&
+	echo "f attr_f=test" >"$HOME"/my_gitattributes &&
+	git config core.attributesfile "$HOME"/my_gitattributes &&
+	echo "f: attr_f: test" >expected &&
+	git check-attr -a f >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'write: xdg file exists and ~/.gitconfig doesn'\''t' '
+	mkdir -p "$HOME"/.config/git &&
+	>"$HOME"/.config/git/config &&
+	test_might_fail rm "$HOME"/.gitconfig &&
+	git config --global user.name "write_config" &&
+	echo "[user]" >expected &&
+	echo "	name = write_config" >>expected &&
+	test_cmp expected "$HOME"/.config/git/config
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'write: xdg file exists and ~/.gitconfig exists' '
+	>"$HOME"/.gitconfig &&
+	git config --global user.name "write_gitconfig" &&
+	echo "[user]" >expected &&
+	echo "	name = write_gitconfig" >>expected &&
+	test_cmp expected "$HOME"/.gitconfig
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'write: ~/.config/git/ exists and config file doesn'\''t' '
+	test_might_fail rm "$HOME"/.gitconfig &&
+	test_might_fail rm "$HOME"/.config/git/config &&
+	git config --global user.name "write_gitconfig" &&
+	echo "[user]" >expected &&
+	echo "	name = write_gitconfig" >>expected &&
+	test_cmp expected "$HOME"/.gitconfig
+'
+
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1400-update-ref.sh b/t/t1400-update-ref.sh
index 4fd83a6..e415ee0 100755
--- a/t/t1400-update-ref.sh
+++ b/t/t1400-update-ref.sh
@@ -74,6 +74,24 @@
 '
 rm -f .git/$m
 
+test_expect_success \
+	"create $m (by HEAD)" \
+	"git update-ref HEAD $A &&
+	 test $A"' = $(cat .git/'"$m"')'
+test_expect_success \
+	"pack refs" \
+	"git pack-refs --all"
+test_expect_success \
+	"move $m (by HEAD)" \
+	"git update-ref HEAD $B $A &&
+	 test $B"' = $(cat .git/'"$m"')'
+test_expect_success "delete $m (by HEAD) should remove both packed and loose $m" '
+	git update-ref -d HEAD $B &&
+	! grep "$m" .git/packed-refs &&
+	! test -f .git/$m
+'
+rm -f .git/$m
+
 cp -f .git/HEAD .git/HEAD.orig
 test_expect_success "delete symref without dereference" '
 	git update-ref --no-deref -d HEAD &&
diff --git a/t/t1401-symbolic-ref.sh b/t/t1401-symbolic-ref.sh
index 2c96551..36378b0 100755
--- a/t/t1401-symbolic-ref.sh
+++ b/t/t1401-symbolic-ref.sh
@@ -33,4 +33,34 @@
 '
 reset_to_sane
 
+test_expect_success 'symbolic-ref deletes HEAD' '
+	git symbolic-ref -d HEAD &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/foo &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/HEAD
+'
+reset_to_sane
+
+test_expect_success 'symbolic-ref deletes dangling HEAD' '
+	git symbolic-ref HEAD refs/heads/missing &&
+	git symbolic-ref -d HEAD &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/missing &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/HEAD
+'
+reset_to_sane
+
+test_expect_success 'symbolic-ref fails to delete missing FOO' '
+	echo "fatal: Cannot delete FOO, not a symbolic ref" >expect &&
+	test_must_fail git symbolic-ref -d FOO >actual 2>&1 &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+reset_to_sane
+
+test_expect_success 'symbolic-ref fails to delete real ref' '
+	echo "fatal: Cannot delete refs/heads/foo, not a symbolic ref" >expect &&
+	test_must_fail git symbolic-ref -d refs/heads/foo >actual 2>&1 &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/foo &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+reset_to_sane
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1402-check-ref-format.sh b/t/t1402-check-ref-format.sh
index 1ae4d87..1a5a5f3 100755
--- a/t/t1402-check-ref-format.sh
+++ b/t/t1402-check-ref-format.sh
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@
 		prereq=$1
 		shift
 	esac
-	test_expect_success $prereq "ref name '$1' is valid${2:+ with options $2}" "
+	desc="ref name '$1' is valid${2:+ with options $2}"
+	test_expect_success $prereq "$desc" "
 		git check-ref-format $2 '$1'
 	"
 }
@@ -22,7 +23,8 @@
 		prereq=$1
 		shift
 	esac
-	test_expect_success $prereq "ref name '$1' is invalid${2:+ with options $2}" "
+	desc="ref name '$1' is invalid${2:+ with options $2}"
+	test_expect_success $prereq "$desc" "
 		test_must_fail git check-ref-format $2 '$1'
 	"
 }
diff --git a/t/t1450-fsck.sh b/t/t1450-fsck.sh
index 5b79c51..d730734 100755
--- a/t/t1450-fsck.sh
+++ b/t/t1450-fsck.sh
@@ -177,9 +177,7 @@
 	test_when_finished "remove_object $tag" &&
 	echo $tag >.git/refs/tags/wrong &&
 	test_when_finished "git update-ref -d refs/tags/wrong" &&
-	test_must_fail git fsck --tags 2>out &&
-	cat out &&
-	grep "error in tag.*broken links" out
+	test_must_fail git fsck --tags
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'cleaned up' '
@@ -213,4 +211,61 @@
 	grep -q "error: sha1 mismatch 63ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff" out
 '
 
+_bz='\0'
+_bz5="$_bz$_bz$_bz$_bz$_bz"
+_bz20="$_bz5$_bz5$_bz5$_bz5"
+
+test_expect_success 'fsck notices blob entry pointing to null sha1' '
+	(git init null-blob &&
+	 cd null-blob &&
+	 sha=$(printf "100644 file$_bz$_bz20" |
+	       git hash-object -w --stdin -t tree) &&
+	  git fsck 2>out &&
+	  cat out &&
+	  grep "warning.*null sha1" out
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fsck notices submodule entry pointing to null sha1' '
+	(git init null-commit &&
+	 cd null-commit &&
+	 sha=$(printf "160000 submodule$_bz$_bz20" |
+	       git hash-object -w --stdin -t tree) &&
+	  git fsck 2>out &&
+	  cat out &&
+	  grep "warning.*null sha1" out
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fsck notices "." and ".." in trees' '
+	(
+		git init dots &&
+		cd dots &&
+		blob=$(echo foo | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
+		tab=$(printf "\\t") &&
+		git mktree <<-EOF &&
+		100644 blob $blob$tab.
+		100644 blob $blob$tab..
+		EOF
+		git fsck 2>out &&
+		cat out &&
+		grep "warning.*\\." out
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fsck notices ".git" in trees' '
+	(
+		git init dotgit &&
+		cd dotgit &&
+		blob=$(echo foo | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
+		tab=$(printf "\\t") &&
+		git mktree <<-EOF &&
+		100644 blob $blob$tab.git
+		EOF
+		git fsck 2>out &&
+		cat out &&
+		grep "warning.*\\.git" out
+	)
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1502-rev-parse-parseopt.sh b/t/t1502-rev-parse-parseopt.sh
index 1efd7f7..13c88c9 100755
--- a/t/t1502-rev-parse-parseopt.sh
+++ b/t/t1502-rev-parse-parseopt.sh
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'test --parseopt help output' '
 	test_expect_code 129 git rev-parse --parseopt -- -h > output < optionspec &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
 
 cat > expect <<EOF
diff --git a/t/t1504-ceiling-dirs.sh b/t/t1504-ceiling-dirs.sh
index cce87a5..3d51615 100755
--- a/t/t1504-ceiling-dirs.sh
+++ b/t/t1504-ceiling-dirs.sh
@@ -44,6 +44,10 @@
 GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT/sub/"
 test_prefix ceil_at_sub_slash ""
 
+if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
+then
+	ln -s sub top
+fi
 
 mkdir -p sub/dir || exit 1
 cd sub/dir || exit 1
@@ -68,6 +72,19 @@
 GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT/sub/"
 test_fail subdir_ceil_at_sub_slash
 
+if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
+then
+	GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT/top"
+	test_fail subdir_ceil_at_top
+	GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT/top/"
+	test_fail subdir_ceil_at_top_slash
+
+	GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES=":$TRASH_ROOT/top"
+	test_prefix subdir_ceil_at_top_no_resolve "sub/dir/"
+	GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES=":$TRASH_ROOT/top/"
+	test_prefix subdir_ceil_at_top_slash_no_resolve "sub/dir/"
+fi
+
 GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT/sub/dir"
 test_prefix subdir_ceil_at_subdir "sub/dir/"
 
diff --git a/t/t1505-rev-parse-last.sh b/t/t1505-rev-parse-last.sh
index d709ecf..4969edb 100755
--- a/t/t1505-rev-parse-last.sh
+++ b/t/t1505-rev-parse-last.sh
@@ -32,32 +32,24 @@
 #
 # and 'side' should be the last branch
 
-test_rev_equivalent () {
-
-	git rev-parse "$1" > expect &&
-	git rev-parse "$2" > output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
-
-}
-
 test_expect_success '@{-1} works' '
-	test_rev_equivalent side @{-1}
+	test_cmp_rev side @{-1}
 '
 
 test_expect_success '@{-1}~2 works' '
-	test_rev_equivalent side~2 @{-1}~2
+	test_cmp_rev side~2 @{-1}~2
 '
 
 test_expect_success '@{-1}^2 works' '
-	test_rev_equivalent side^2 @{-1}^2
+	test_cmp_rev side^2 @{-1}^2
 '
 
 test_expect_success '@{-1}@{1} works' '
-	test_rev_equivalent side@{1} @{-1}@{1}
+	test_cmp_rev side@{1} @{-1}@{1}
 '
 
 test_expect_success '@{-2} works' '
-	test_rev_equivalent master @{-2}
+	test_cmp_rev master @{-2}
 '
 
 test_expect_success '@{-3} fails' '
diff --git a/t/t1506-rev-parse-diagnosis.sh b/t/t1506-rev-parse-diagnosis.sh
index 0843a1c..f950c10 100755
--- a/t/t1506-rev-parse-diagnosis.sh
+++ b/t/t1506-rev-parse-diagnosis.sh
@@ -171,4 +171,29 @@
 	grep "BUG: startup_info struct is not initialized." error
 '
 
+test_expect_success '<commit>:file correctly diagnosed after a pathname' '
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse file.txt HEAD:file.txt 1>actual 2>error &&
+	test_i18ngrep ! "exists on disk" error &&
+	test_i18ngrep "no such path in the working tree" error &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	file.txt
+	HEAD:file.txt
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'dotdot is not an empty set' '
+	( H=$(git rev-parse HEAD) && echo $H && echo ^$H ) >expect &&
+
+	git rev-parse HEAD.. >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git rev-parse ..HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	echo .. >expect &&
+	git rev-parse .. >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1507-rev-parse-upstream.sh b/t/t1507-rev-parse-upstream.sh
index d6e5761..2a19e79 100755
--- a/t/t1507-rev-parse-upstream.sh
+++ b/t/t1507-rev-parse-upstream.sh
@@ -54,6 +54,10 @@
 	test refs/remotes/origin/side = "$(full_name my-side@{u})"
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'refs/heads/my-side@{upstream} does not resolve to my-side{upstream}' '
+	test_must_fail full_name refs/heads/my-side@{upstream}
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'my-side@{u} resolves to correct commit' '
 	git checkout side &&
 	test_commit 5 &&
@@ -125,8 +129,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'branch@{u} error message when no upstream' '
 	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
-	error: No upstream configured for branch ${sq}non-tracking${sq}
-	fatal: Needed a single revision
+	fatal: No upstream configured for branch ${sq}non-tracking${sq}
 	EOF
 	error_message non-tracking@{u} 2>actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect actual
@@ -134,8 +137,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success '@{u} error message when no upstream' '
 	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
-	error: No upstream configured for branch ${sq}master${sq}
-	fatal: Needed a single revision
+	fatal: No upstream configured for branch ${sq}master${sq}
 	EOF
 	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify @{u} 2>actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect actual
@@ -143,8 +145,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'branch@{u} error message with misspelt branch' '
 	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
-	error: No such branch: ${sq}no-such-branch${sq}
-	fatal: Needed a single revision
+	fatal: No such branch: ${sq}no-such-branch${sq}
 	EOF
 	error_message no-such-branch@{u} 2>actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect actual
@@ -152,8 +153,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success '@{u} error message when not on a branch' '
 	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
-	error: HEAD does not point to a branch
-	fatal: Needed a single revision
+	fatal: HEAD does not point to a branch
 	EOF
 	git checkout HEAD^0 &&
 	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify @{u} 2>actual &&
@@ -162,8 +162,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'branch@{u} error message if upstream branch not fetched' '
 	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
-	error: Upstream branch ${sq}refs/heads/side${sq} not stored as a remote-tracking branch
-	fatal: Needed a single revision
+	fatal: Upstream branch ${sq}refs/heads/side${sq} not stored as a remote-tracking branch
 	EOF
 	error_message bad-upstream@{u} 2>actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect actual
diff --git a/t/t1509/prepare-chroot.sh b/t/t1509/prepare-chroot.sh
index c5334a8..6269117 100755
--- a/t/t1509/prepare-chroot.sh
+++ b/t/t1509/prepare-chroot.sh
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 R="$1"
 
-[ -n "$R" ] || die "Usage: prepare-chroot.sh <root>"
+[ -n "$R" ] || die "usage: prepare-chroot.sh <root>"
 [ -x git ] || die "This script needs to be executed at git source code's top directory"
 [ -x /bin/busybox ] || die "You need busybox"
 
diff --git a/t/t1510-repo-setup.sh b/t/t1510-repo-setup.sh
index 80aedfc..cf2ee78 100755
--- a/t/t1510-repo-setup.sh
+++ b/t/t1510-repo-setup.sh
@@ -517,6 +517,25 @@
 		"$here/16c/.git" "(null)" "$here/16c/sub" "(null)"
 '
 
+test_expect_success '#16d: bareness preserved across alias' '
+	setup_repo 16d unset "" unset &&
+	(
+		cd 16d/.git &&
+		test_must_fail git status &&
+		git config alias.st status &&
+		test_must_fail git st
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#16e: bareness preserved by --bare' '
+	setup_repo 16e unset "" unset &&
+	(
+		cd 16e/.git &&
+		test_must_fail git status &&
+		test_must_fail git --bare status
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success '#17: GIT_WORK_TREE without explicit GIT_DIR is accepted (bare case)' '
 	# Just like #16.
 	setup_repo 17a unset "" true &&
diff --git a/t/t1512-rev-parse-disambiguation.sh b/t/t1512-rev-parse-disambiguation.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6b3d797
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1512-rev-parse-disambiguation.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='object name disambiguation
+
+Create blobs, trees, commits and a tag that all share the same
+prefix, and make sure "git rev-parse" can take advantage of
+type information to disambiguate short object names that are
+not necessarily unique.
+
+The final history used in the test has five commits, with the bottom
+one tagged as v1.0.0.  They all have one regular file each.
+
+  +-------------------------------------------+
+  |                                           |
+  |           .-------b3wettvi---- ad2uee     |
+  |          /                   /            |
+  |  a2onsxbvj---czy8f73t--ioiley5o           |
+  |                                           |
+  +-------------------------------------------+
+
+'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'blob and tree' '
+	test_tick &&
+	(
+		for i in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
+		do
+			echo $i
+		done
+		echo
+		echo b1rwzyc3
+	) >a0blgqsjc &&
+
+	# create one blob 0000000000b36
+	git add a0blgqsjc &&
+
+	# create one tree 0000000000cdc
+	git write-tree
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'warn ambiguity when no candidate matches type hint' '
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify 000000000^{commit} 2>actual &&
+	grep "short SHA1 000000000 is ambiguous" actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'disambiguate tree-ish' '
+	# feed tree-ish in an unambiguous way
+	git rev-parse --verify 0000000000cdc:a0blgqsjc &&
+
+	# ambiguous at the object name level, but there is only one
+	# such tree-ish (the other is a blob)
+	git rev-parse --verify 000000000:a0blgqsjc
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'disambiguate blob' '
+	sed -e "s/|$//" >patch <<-EOF &&
+	diff --git a/frotz b/frotz
+	index 000000000..ffffff 100644
+	--- a/frotz
+	+++ b/frotz
+	@@ -10,3 +10,4 @@
+	 9
+	 |
+	 b1rwzyc3
+	+irwry
+	EOF
+	(
+		GIT_INDEX_FILE=frotz &&
+		export GIT_INDEX_FILE &&
+		git apply --build-fake-ancestor frotz patch &&
+		git cat-file blob :frotz >actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp a0blgqsjc actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'disambiguate tree' '
+	commit=$(echo "d7xm" | git commit-tree 000000000) &&
+	test $(git rev-parse $commit^{tree}) = $(git rev-parse 0000000000cdc)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'first commit' '
+	# create one commit 0000000000e4f
+	git commit -m a2onsxbvj
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'disambiguate commit-ish' '
+	# feed commit-ish in an unambiguous way
+	git rev-parse --verify 0000000000e4f^{commit} &&
+
+	# ambiguous at the object name level, but there is only one
+	# such commit (the others are tree and blob)
+	git rev-parse --verify 000000000^{commit} &&
+
+	# likewise
+	git rev-parse --verify 000000000^0
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'disambiguate commit' '
+	commit=$(echo "hoaxj" | git commit-tree 0000000000cdc -p 000000000) &&
+	test $(git rev-parse $commit^) = $(git rev-parse 0000000000e4f)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log name1..name2 takes only commit-ishes on both ends' '
+	git log 000000000..000000000 &&
+	git log ..000000000 &&
+	git log 000000000.. &&
+	git log 000000000...000000000 &&
+	git log ...000000000 &&
+	git log 000000000...
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-parse name1..name2 takes only commit-ishes on both ends' '
+	git rev-parse 000000000..000000000 &&
+	git rev-parse ..000000000 &&
+	git rev-parse 000000000..
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git log takes only commit-ish' '
+	git log 000000000
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git reset takes only commit-ish' '
+	git reset 000000000
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'first tag' '
+	# create one tag 0000000000f8f
+	git tag -a -m j7cp83um v1.0.0
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'two semi-ambiguous commit-ish' '
+	# Once the parser becomes ultra-smart, it could notice that
+	# 110282 before ^{commit} name many different objects, but
+	# that only two (HEAD and v1.0.0 tag) can be peeled to commit,
+	# and that peeling them down to commit yield the same commit
+	# without ambiguity.
+	git rev-parse --verify 110282^{commit} &&
+
+	# likewise
+	git log 000000000..000000000 &&
+	git log ..000000000 &&
+	git log 000000000.. &&
+	git log 000000000...000000000 &&
+	git log ...000000000 &&
+	git log 000000000...
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'three semi-ambiguous tree-ish' '
+	# Likewise for tree-ish.  HEAD, v1.0.0 and HEAD^{tree} share
+	# the prefix but peeling them to tree yields the same thing
+	git rev-parse --verify 000000000^{tree}
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'parse describe name' '
+	# feed an unambiguous describe name
+	git rev-parse --verify v1.0.0-0-g0000000000e4f &&
+
+	# ambiguous at the object name level, but there is only one
+	# such commit (others are blob, tree and tag)
+	git rev-parse --verify v1.0.0-0-g000000000
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'more history' '
+	# commit 0000000000043
+	git mv a0blgqsjc d12cr3h8t &&
+	echo h62xsjeu >>d12cr3h8t &&
+	git add d12cr3h8t &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m czy8f73t &&
+
+	# commit 00000000008ec
+	git mv d12cr3h8t j000jmpzn &&
+	echo j08bekfvt >>j000jmpzn &&
+	git add j000jmpzn &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m ioiley5o &&
+
+	# commit 0000000005b0
+	git checkout v1.0.0^0 &&
+	git mv a0blgqsjc f5518nwu &&
+
+	for i in h62xsjeu j08bekfvt kg7xflhm
+	do
+		echo $i
+	done >>f5518nwu &&
+	git add f5518nwu &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m b3wettvi &&
+	side=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+
+	# commit 000000000066
+	git checkout master &&
+
+	# If you use recursive, merge will fail and you will need to
+	# clean up a0blgqsjc as well.  If you use resolve, merge will
+	# succeed.
+	test_might_fail git merge --no-commit -s recursive $side &&
+	git rm -f f5518nwu j000jmpzn &&
+
+	test_might_fail git rm -f a0blgqsjc &&
+	(
+		git cat-file blob $side:f5518nwu
+		echo j3l0i9s6
+	) >ab2gs879 &&
+	git add ab2gs879 &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m ad2uee
+
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'parse describe name taking advantage of generation' '
+	# ambiguous at the object name level, but there is only one
+	# such commit at generation 0
+	git rev-parse --verify v1.0.0-0-g000000000 &&
+
+	# likewise for generation 2 and 4
+	git rev-parse --verify v1.0.0-2-g000000000 &&
+	git rev-parse --verify v1.0.0-4-g000000000
+'
+
+# Note: because rev-parse does not even try to disambiguate based on
+# the generation number, this test currently succeeds for a wrong
+# reason.  When it learns to use the generation number, the previous
+# test should succeed, and also this test should fail because the
+# describe name used in the test with generation number can name two
+# commits.  Make sure that such a future enhancement does not randomly
+# pick one.
+test_expect_success 'parse describe name not ignoring ambiguity' '
+	# ambiguous at the object name level, and there are two such
+	# commits at generation 1
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify v1.0.0-1-g000000000
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ambiguous commit-ish' '
+	# Now there are many commits that begin with the
+	# common prefix, none of these should pick one at
+	# random.  They all should result in ambiguity errors.
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify 110282^{commit} &&
+
+	# likewise
+	test_must_fail git log 000000000..000000000 &&
+	test_must_fail git log ..000000000 &&
+	test_must_fail git log 000000000.. &&
+	test_must_fail git log 000000000...000000000 &&
+	test_must_fail git log ...000000000 &&
+	test_must_fail git log 000000000...
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-parse --disambiguate' '
+	# The test creates 16 objects that share the prefix and two
+	# commits created by commit-tree in earlier tests share a
+	# different prefix.
+	git rev-parse --disambiguate=000000000 >actual &&
+	test $(wc -l <actual) = 16 &&
+	test "$(sed -e "s/^\(.........\).*/\1/" actual | sort -u)" = 000000000
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t2003-checkout-cache-mkdir.sh b/t/t2003-checkout-cache-mkdir.sh
index 02a4fc5..ff163cf 100755
--- a/t/t2003-checkout-cache-mkdir.sh
+++ b/t/t2003-checkout-cache-mkdir.sh
@@ -12,85 +12,108 @@
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'setup' \
-    'mkdir path1 &&
-    echo frotz >path0 &&
-    echo rezrov >path1/file1 &&
-    git update-index --add path0 path1/file1'
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	mkdir path1 &&
+	echo frotz >path0 &&
+	echo rezrov >path1/file1 &&
+	git update-index --add path0 path1/file1
+'
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-    'have symlink in place where dir is expected.' \
-    'rm -fr path0 path1 &&
-     mkdir path2 &&
-     ln -s path2 path1 &&
-     git checkout-index -f -a &&
-     test ! -h path1 && test -d path1 &&
-     test -f path1/file1 && test ! -f path2/file1'
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'have symlink in place where dir is expected.' '
+	rm -fr path0 path1 &&
+	mkdir path2 &&
+	ln -s path2 path1 &&
+	git checkout-index -f -a &&
+	test ! -h path1 && test -d path1 &&
+	test -f path1/file1 && test ! -f path2/file1
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'use --prefix=path2/' \
-    'rm -fr path0 path1 path2 &&
-     mkdir path2 &&
-     git checkout-index --prefix=path2/ -f -a &&
-     test -f path2/path0 &&
-     test -f path2/path1/file1 &&
-     test ! -f path0 &&
-     test ! -f path1/file1'
+test_expect_success 'use --prefix=path2/' '
+	rm -fr path0 path1 path2 &&
+	mkdir path2 &&
+	git checkout-index --prefix=path2/ -f -a &&
+	test -f path2/path0 &&
+	test -f path2/path1/file1 &&
+	test ! -f path0 &&
+	test ! -f path1/file1
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'use --prefix=tmp-' \
-    'rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
-     git checkout-index --prefix=tmp- -f -a &&
-     test -f tmp-path0 &&
-     test -f tmp-path1/file1 &&
-     test ! -f path0 &&
-     test ! -f path1/file1'
+test_expect_success 'use --prefix=tmp-' '
+	rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
+	git checkout-index --prefix=tmp- -f -a &&
+	test -f tmp-path0 &&
+	test -f tmp-path1/file1 &&
+	test ! -f path0 &&
+	test ! -f path1/file1
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'use --prefix=tmp- but with a conflicting file and dir' \
-    'rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
-     echo nitfol >tmp-path1 &&
-     mkdir tmp-path0 &&
-     git checkout-index --prefix=tmp- -f -a &&
-     test -f tmp-path0 &&
-     test -f tmp-path1/file1 &&
-     test ! -f path0 &&
-     test ! -f path1/file1'
+test_expect_success 'use --prefix=tmp- but with a conflicting file and dir' '
+	rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
+	echo nitfol >tmp-path1 &&
+	mkdir tmp-path0 &&
+	git checkout-index --prefix=tmp- -f -a &&
+	test -f tmp-path0 &&
+	test -f tmp-path1/file1 &&
+	test ! -f path0 &&
+	test ! -f path1/file1
+'
 
-# Linus fix #1
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-    'use --prefix=tmp/orary/ where tmp is a symlink' \
-    'rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
-     mkdir tmp1 tmp1/orary &&
-     ln -s tmp1 tmp &&
-     git checkout-index --prefix=tmp/orary/ -f -a &&
-     test -d tmp1/orary &&
-     test -f tmp1/orary/path0 &&
-     test -f tmp1/orary/path1/file1 &&
-     test -h tmp'
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'use --prefix=tmp/orary/ where tmp is a symlink' '
+	rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
+	mkdir tmp1 tmp1/orary &&
+	ln -s tmp1 tmp &&
+	git checkout-index --prefix=tmp/orary/ -f -a &&
+	test -d tmp1/orary &&
+	test -f tmp1/orary/path0 &&
+	test -f tmp1/orary/path1/file1 &&
+	test -h tmp
+'
 
-# Linus fix #2
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-    'use --prefix=tmp/orary- where tmp is a symlink' \
-    'rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
-     mkdir tmp1 &&
-     ln -s tmp1 tmp &&
-     git checkout-index --prefix=tmp/orary- -f -a &&
-     test -f tmp1/orary-path0 &&
-     test -f tmp1/orary-path1/file1 &&
-     test -h tmp'
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'use --prefix=tmp/orary- where tmp is a symlink' '
+	rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
+	mkdir tmp1 &&
+	ln -s tmp1 tmp &&
+	git checkout-index --prefix=tmp/orary- -f -a &&
+	test -f tmp1/orary-path0 &&
+	test -f tmp1/orary-path1/file1 &&
+	test -h tmp
+'
 
-# Linus fix #3
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-    'use --prefix=tmp- where tmp-path1 is a symlink' \
-    'rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
-     mkdir tmp1 &&
-     ln -s tmp1 tmp-path1 &&
-     git checkout-index --prefix=tmp- -f -a &&
-     test -f tmp-path0 &&
-     test ! -h tmp-path1 &&
-     test -d tmp-path1 &&
-     test -f tmp-path1/file1'
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'use --prefix=tmp- where tmp-path1 is a symlink' '
+	rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
+	mkdir tmp1 &&
+	ln -s tmp1 tmp-path1 &&
+	git checkout-index --prefix=tmp- -f -a &&
+	test -f tmp-path0 &&
+	test ! -h tmp-path1 &&
+	test -d tmp-path1 &&
+	test -f tmp-path1/file1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply filter from working tree .gitattributes with --prefix' '
+	rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
+	mkdir path1 &&
+	mkdir tmp &&
+	git config filter.replace-all.smudge "sed -e s/./,/g" &&
+	git config filter.replace-all.clean cat &&
+	git config filter.replace-all.required true &&
+	echo "file1 filter=replace-all" >path1/.gitattributes &&
+	git checkout-index --prefix=tmp/ -f -a &&
+	echo frotz >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected tmp/path0 &&
+	echo ,,,,,, >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected tmp/path1/file1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply CRLF filter from working tree .gitattributes with --prefix' '
+	rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
+	mkdir path1 &&
+	mkdir tmp &&
+	echo "file1 eol=crlf" >path1/.gitattributes &&
+	git checkout-index --prefix=tmp/ -f -a &&
+	echo rezrovQ >expected &&
+	tr \\015 Q <tmp/path1/file1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t2006-checkout-index-basic.sh b/t/t2006-checkout-index-basic.sh
index b855983..57cbdfe 100755
--- a/t/t2006-checkout-index-basic.sh
+++ b/t/t2006-checkout-index-basic.sh
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'checkout-index --gobbledegook' '
 	test_expect_code 129 git checkout-index --gobbledegook 2>err &&
-	grep "[Uu]sage" err
+	test_i18ngrep "[Uu]sage" err
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'checkout-index -h in broken repository' '
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 		>.git/index &&
 		test_expect_code 129 git checkout-index -h >usage 2>&1
 	) &&
-	grep "[Uu]sage" broken/usage
+	test_i18ngrep "[Uu]sage" broken/usage
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t2013-checkout-submodule.sh b/t/t2013-checkout-submodule.sh
index 70edbb3..06b18f8 100755
--- a/t/t2013-checkout-submodule.sh
+++ b/t/t2013-checkout-submodule.sh
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 	git update-index --refresh &&
 	git diff-files --quiet &&
 	git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD &&
-	test_must_fail git reset HEAD^ submodule &&
+	git reset HEAD^ submodule &&
 	test_must_fail git diff-files --quiet &&
 	git reset submodule &&
 	git diff-files --quiet
diff --git a/t/t2017-checkout-orphan.sh b/t/t2017-checkout-orphan.sh
index 0e3b858..655f278 100755
--- a/t/t2017-checkout-orphan.sh
+++ b/t/t2017-checkout-orphan.sh
@@ -116,4 +116,10 @@
 	git reset --hard
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'cannot --detach on an unborn branch' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	git checkout --orphan new &&
+	test_must_fail git checkout --detach
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t2020-checkout-detach.sh b/t/t2020-checkout-detach.sh
index 8100537..5d68729 100755
--- a/t/t2020-checkout-detach.sh
+++ b/t/t2020-checkout-detach.sh
@@ -151,6 +151,7 @@
 
 cat >expect <<'EOF'
 Your branch is behind 'master' by 1 commit, and can be fast-forwarded.
+  (use "git pull" to update your local branch)
 EOF
 test_expect_success 'tracking count is accurate after orphan check' '
 	reset &&
diff --git a/t/t2022-checkout-paths.sh b/t/t2022-checkout-paths.sh
index 56090d2..8e3545d 100755
--- a/t/t2022-checkout-paths.sh
+++ b/t/t2022-checkout-paths.sh
@@ -39,4 +39,26 @@
 	test_cmp expect.next2 dir/next2
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'do not touch unmerged entries matching $path but not in $tree' '
+	git checkout next &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+
+	cat dir/common >expect.common &&
+	EMPTY_SHA1=$(git hash-object -w --stdin </dev/null) &&
+	git rm dir/next0 &&
+	cat >expect.next0 <<-EOF &&
+	100644 $EMPTY_SHA1 1	dir/next0
+	100644 $EMPTY_SHA1 2	dir/next0
+	EOF
+	git update-index --index-info <expect.next0 &&
+
+	git checkout master dir &&
+
+	test_cmp expect.common dir/common &&
+	test_path_is_file dir/master &&
+	git diff --exit-code master dir/master &&
+	git ls-files -s dir/next0 >actual.next0 &&
+	test_cmp expect.next0 actual.next0
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t2024-checkout-dwim.sh b/t/t2024-checkout-dwim.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..dee55e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t2024-checkout-dwim.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='checkout <branch>
+
+Ensures that checkout on an unborn branch does what the user expects'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# Is the current branch "refs/heads/$1"?
+test_branch () {
+	printf "%s\n" "refs/heads/$1" >expect.HEAD &&
+	git symbolic-ref HEAD >actual.HEAD &&
+	test_cmp expect.HEAD actual.HEAD
+}
+
+# Is branch "refs/heads/$1" set to pull from "$2/$3"?
+test_branch_upstream () {
+	printf "%s\n" "$2" "refs/heads/$3" >expect.upstream &&
+	{
+		git config "branch.$1.remote" &&
+		git config "branch.$1.merge"
+	} >actual.upstream &&
+	test_cmp expect.upstream actual.upstream
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	test_commit my_master &&
+	git init repo_a &&
+	(
+		cd repo_a &&
+		test_commit a_master &&
+		git checkout -b foo &&
+		test_commit a_foo &&
+		git checkout -b bar &&
+		test_commit a_bar
+	) &&
+	git init repo_b &&
+	(
+		cd repo_b &&
+		test_commit b_master &&
+		git checkout -b foo &&
+		test_commit b_foo &&
+		git checkout -b baz &&
+		test_commit b_baz
+	) &&
+	git remote add repo_a repo_a &&
+	git remote add repo_b repo_b &&
+	git config remote.repo_b.fetch \
+		"+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/other_b/*" &&
+	git fetch --all
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout of non-existing branch fails' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D xyzzy &&
+
+	test_must_fail git checkout xyzzy &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/xyzzy &&
+	test_branch master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout of branch from multiple remotes fails #1' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D foo &&
+
+	test_must_fail git checkout foo &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/foo &&
+	test_branch master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout of branch from a single remote succeeds #1' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D bar &&
+
+	git checkout bar &&
+	test_branch bar &&
+	test_cmp_rev remotes/repo_a/bar HEAD &&
+	test_branch_upstream bar repo_a bar
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout of branch from a single remote succeeds #2' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D baz &&
+
+	git checkout baz &&
+	test_branch baz &&
+	test_cmp_rev remotes/other_b/baz HEAD &&
+	test_branch_upstream baz repo_b baz
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--no-guess suppresses branch auto-vivification' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D bar &&
+
+	test_must_fail git checkout --no-guess bar &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/bar &&
+	test_branch master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup more remotes with unconventional refspecs' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	git init repo_c &&
+	(
+		cd repo_c &&
+		test_commit c_master &&
+		git checkout -b bar &&
+		test_commit c_bar
+		git checkout -b spam &&
+		test_commit c_spam
+	) &&
+	git init repo_d &&
+	(
+		cd repo_d &&
+		test_commit d_master &&
+		git checkout -b baz &&
+		test_commit f_baz
+		git checkout -b eggs &&
+		test_commit c_eggs
+	) &&
+	git remote add repo_c repo_c &&
+	git config remote.repo_c.fetch \
+		"+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/extra_dir/repo_c/extra_dir/*" &&
+	git remote add repo_d repo_d &&
+	git config remote.repo_d.fetch \
+		"+refs/heads/*:refs/repo_d/*" &&
+	git fetch --all
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout of branch from multiple remotes fails #2' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D bar &&
+
+	test_must_fail git checkout bar &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/bar &&
+	test_branch master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout of branch from multiple remotes fails #3' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D baz &&
+
+	test_must_fail git checkout baz &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/baz &&
+	test_branch master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout of branch from a single remote succeeds #3' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D spam &&
+
+	git checkout spam &&
+	test_branch spam &&
+	test_cmp_rev refs/remotes/extra_dir/repo_c/extra_dir/spam HEAD &&
+	test_branch_upstream spam repo_c spam
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout of branch from a single remote succeeds #4' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D eggs &&
+
+	git checkout eggs &&
+	test_branch eggs &&
+	test_cmp_rev refs/repo_d/eggs HEAD &&
+	test_branch_upstream eggs repo_d eggs
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t2030-unresolve-info.sh b/t/t2030-unresolve-info.sh
index f262065..309199b 100755
--- a/t/t2030-unresolve-info.sh
+++ b/t/t2030-unresolve-info.sh
@@ -44,14 +44,21 @@
 
 test_expect_success setup '
 	mkdir fi &&
+	printf "a\0a" >binary &&
+	git add binary &&
 	test_commit initial fi/le first &&
 	git branch side &&
 	git branch another &&
+	printf "a\0b" >binary &&
+	git add binary &&
 	test_commit second fi/le second &&
 	git checkout side &&
 	test_commit third fi/le third &&
+	git branch add-add &&
 	git checkout another &&
 	test_commit fourth fi/le fourth &&
+	git checkout add-add &&
+	test_commit fifth add-differently &&
 	git checkout master
 '
 
@@ -167,4 +174,22 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rerere forget (binary)' '
+	git checkout -f side &&
+	printf "a\0c" >binary &&
+	git commit -a -m binary &&
+	test_must_fail git merge second &&
+	git rerere forget binary
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rerere forget (add-add conflict)' '
+	git checkout -f master &&
+	echo master >add-differently &&
+	git add add-differently &&
+	git commit -m "add differently" &&
+	test_must_fail git merge fifth &&
+	git rerere forget add-differently 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "no remembered" actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t2107-update-index-basic.sh b/t/t2107-update-index-basic.sh
index 809fafe..a6405d3 100755
--- a/t/t2107-update-index-basic.sh
+++ b/t/t2107-update-index-basic.sh
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'update-index --nonsense dumps usage' '
 	test_expect_code 129 git update-index --nonsense 2>err &&
-	grep "[Uu]sage: git update-index" err
+	test_i18ngrep "[Uu]sage: git update-index" err
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'update-index -h with corrupt index' '
@@ -26,7 +26,26 @@
 		>.git/index &&
 		test_expect_code 129 git update-index -h >usage 2>&1
 	) &&
-	grep "[Uu]sage: git update-index" broken/usage
+	test_i18ngrep "[Uu]sage: git update-index" broken/usage
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--cacheinfo does not accept blob null sha1' '
+	echo content >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git rev-parse :file >expect &&
+	test_must_fail git update-index --cacheinfo 100644 $_z40 file &&
+	git rev-parse :file >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--cacheinfo does not accept gitlink null sha1' '
+	git init submodule &&
+	(cd submodule && test_commit foo) &&
+	git add submodule &&
+	git rev-parse :submodule >expect &&
+	test_must_fail git update-index --cacheinfo 160000 $_z40 submodule &&
+	git rev-parse :submodule >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t2200-add-update.sh b/t/t2200-add-update.sh
index 4cdebda..b2bd419 100755
--- a/t/t2200-add-update.sh
+++ b/t/t2200-add-update.sh
@@ -80,6 +80,22 @@
 
 '
 
+# Note that this is scheduled to change in Git 2.0, when
+# "git add -u" will become full-tree by default.
+test_expect_success 'non-limited update in subdir leaves root alone' '
+	(
+		cd dir1 &&
+		echo even more >>sub2 &&
+		git add -u
+	) &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	check
+	top
+	EOF
+	git diff-files --name-only >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'replace a file with a symlink' '
 
 	rm foo &&
@@ -150,9 +166,9 @@
 	echo 2 >path3 &&
 	echo 2 >path5 &&
 
-	# Explicit resolving by adding removed paths should fail
-	test_must_fail git add path4 &&
-	test_must_fail git add path6 &&
+	# Fail to explicitly resolve removed paths with "git add"
+	test_must_fail git add --no-all path4 &&
+	test_must_fail git add --no-all path6 &&
 
 	# "add -u" should notice removals no matter what stages
 	# the index entries are in.
diff --git a/t/t2203-add-intent.sh b/t/t2203-add-intent.sh
index ec35409..2a4a749 100755
--- a/t/t2203-add-intent.sh
+++ b/t/t2203-add-intent.sh
@@ -62,5 +62,25 @@
 	git commit -a -m all
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'cache-tree invalidates i-t-a paths' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	mkdir dir &&
+	: >dir/foo &&
+	git add dir/foo &&
+	git commit -m foo &&
+
+	: >dir/bar &&
+	git add -N dir/bar &&
+	git diff --cached --name-only >actual &&
+	echo dir/bar >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git write-tree >/dev/null &&
+
+	git diff --cached --name-only >actual &&
+	echo dir/bar >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
 
diff --git a/t/t3001-ls-files-others-exclude.sh b/t/t3001-ls-files-others-exclude.sh
index c8fe978..f0421c0 100755
--- a/t/t3001-ls-files-others-exclude.sh
+++ b/t/t3001-ls-files-others-exclude.sh
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@
      test_cmp expect output'
 
 test_expect_success 'restore gitignore' '
-	git checkout $allignores &&
+	git checkout --ignore-skip-worktree-bits $allignores &&
 	rm .git/index
 '
 
@@ -175,6 +175,24 @@
 	grep "^a.1" output
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'excluded directory overrides content patterns' '
+
+	git ls-files --others --exclude="one" --exclude="!one/a.1" >output &&
+	if grep "^one/a.1" output
+	then
+		false
+	fi
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'negated directory doesn'\''t affect content patterns' '
+
+	git ls-files --others --exclude="!one" --exclude="one/a.1" >output &&
+	if grep "^one/a.1" output
+	then
+		false
+	fi
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'subdirectory ignore (setup)' '
 	mkdir -p top/l1/l2 &&
 	(
@@ -214,4 +232,77 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'show/hide empty ignored directory (setup)' '
+	rm top/l1/l2/l1 &&
+	rm top/l1/.gitignore
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'show empty ignored directory with --directory' '
+	(
+		cd top &&
+		git ls-files -o -i --exclude l1 --directory
+	) >actual &&
+	echo l1/ >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'hide empty ignored directory with --no-empty-directory' '
+	(
+		cd top &&
+		git ls-files -o -i --exclude l1 --directory --no-empty-directory
+	) >actual &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'show/hide empty ignored sub-directory (setup)' '
+	> top/l1/tracked &&
+	(
+		cd top &&
+		git add -f l1/tracked
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'show empty ignored sub-directory with --directory' '
+	(
+		cd top &&
+		git ls-files -o -i --exclude l1 --directory
+	) >actual &&
+	echo l1/l2/ >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'hide empty ignored sub-directory with --no-empty-directory' '
+	(
+		cd top &&
+		git ls-files -o -i --exclude l1 --directory --no-empty-directory
+	) >actual &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pattern matches prefix completely' '
+	: >expect &&
+	git ls-files -i -o --exclude "/three/a.3[abc]" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ls-files with "**" patterns' '
+	cat <<\EOF >expect &&
+a.1
+one/a.1
+one/two/a.1
+three/a.1
+EOF
+	git ls-files -o -i --exclude "**/a.1" >actual
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'ls-files with "**" patterns and no slashes' '
+	: >expect &&
+	git ls-files -o -i --exclude "one**a.1" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3004-ls-files-basic.sh b/t/t3004-ls-files-basic.sh
index 490e052..8d9bc3c 100755
--- a/t/t3004-ls-files-basic.sh
+++ b/t/t3004-ls-files-basic.sh
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'ls-files with nonsense option' '
 	test_expect_code 129 git ls-files --nonsense 2>actual &&
-	grep "[Uu]sage: git ls-files" actual
+	test_i18ngrep "[Uu]sage: git ls-files" actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'ls-files -h in corrupt repository' '
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 		>.git/index &&
 		test_expect_code 129 git ls-files -h >usage 2>&1
 	) &&
-	grep "[Uu]sage: git ls-files " broken/usage
+	test_i18ngrep "[Uu]sage: git ls-files " broken/usage
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3006-ls-files-long.sh b/t/t3006-ls-files-long.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..202ad65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3006-ls-files-long.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='overly long paths'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	p=filefilefilefilefilefilefilefile &&
+	p=$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p &&
+	p=$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p &&
+
+	path_a=${p}_a &&
+	path_z=${p}_z &&
+
+	blob_a=$(echo frotz | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
+	blob_z=$(echo nitfol | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
+
+	pat="100644 %s 0\t%s\n"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'overly-long path by itself is not a problem' '
+	printf "$pat" "$blob_a" "$path_a" |
+	git update-index --add --index-info &&
+	echo "$path_a" >expect &&
+	git ls-files >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'overly-long path does not replace another by mistake' '
+	printf "$pat" "$blob_a" "$path_a" "$blob_z" "$path_z" |
+	git update-index --add --index-info &&
+	(
+		echo "$path_a"
+		echo "$path_z"
+	) >expect &&
+	git ls-files >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3070-wildmatch.sh b/t/t3070-wildmatch.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..38446a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3070-wildmatch.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='wildmatch tests'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+match() {
+    if [ $1 = 1 ]; then
+	test_expect_success "wildmatch:     match '$3' '$4'" "
+	    test-wildmatch wildmatch '$3' '$4'
+	"
+    else
+	test_expect_success "wildmatch:  no match '$3' '$4'" "
+	    ! test-wildmatch wildmatch '$3' '$4'
+	"
+    fi
+    if [ $2 = 1 ]; then
+	test_expect_success "fnmatch:       match '$3' '$4'" "
+	    test-wildmatch fnmatch '$3' '$4'
+	"
+    elif [ $2 = 0 ]; then
+	test_expect_success "fnmatch:    no match '$3' '$4'" "
+	    ! test-wildmatch fnmatch '$3' '$4'
+	"
+#    else
+#	test_expect_success BROKEN_FNMATCH "fnmatch:       '$3' '$4'" "
+#	    ! test-wildmatch fnmatch '$3' '$4'
+#	"
+    fi
+}
+
+imatch() {
+    if [ $1 = 1 ]; then
+	test_expect_success "iwildmatch:    match '$2' '$3'" "
+	    test-wildmatch iwildmatch '$2' '$3'
+	"
+    else
+	test_expect_success "iwildmatch: no match '$2' '$3'" "
+	    ! test-wildmatch iwildmatch '$2' '$3'
+	"
+    fi
+}
+
+pathmatch() {
+    if [ $1 = 1 ]; then
+	test_expect_success "pathmatch:     match '$2' '$3'" "
+	    test-wildmatch pathmatch '$2' '$3'
+	"
+    else
+	test_expect_success "pathmatch:  no match '$2' '$3'" "
+	    ! test-wildmatch pathmatch '$2' '$3'
+	"
+    fi
+}
+
+# Basic wildmat features
+match 1 1 foo foo
+match 0 0 foo bar
+match 1 1 '' ""
+match 1 1 foo '???'
+match 0 0 foo '??'
+match 1 1 foo '*'
+match 1 1 foo 'f*'
+match 0 0 foo '*f'
+match 1 1 foo '*foo*'
+match 1 1 foobar '*ob*a*r*'
+match 1 1 aaaaaaabababab '*ab'
+match 1 1 'foo*' 'foo\*'
+match 0 0 foobar 'foo\*bar'
+match 1 1 'f\oo' 'f\\oo'
+match 1 1 ball '*[al]?'
+match 0 0 ten '[ten]'
+match 0 1 ten '**[!te]'
+match 0 0 ten '**[!ten]'
+match 1 1 ten 't[a-g]n'
+match 0 0 ten 't[!a-g]n'
+match 1 1 ton 't[!a-g]n'
+match 1 1 ton 't[^a-g]n'
+match 1 x 'a]b' 'a[]]b'
+match 1 x a-b 'a[]-]b'
+match 1 x 'a]b' 'a[]-]b'
+match 0 x aab 'a[]-]b'
+match 1 x aab 'a[]a-]b'
+match 1 1 ']' ']'
+
+# Extended slash-matching features
+match 0 0 'foo/baz/bar' 'foo*bar'
+match 0 0 'foo/baz/bar' 'foo**bar'
+match 0 1 'foobazbar' 'foo**bar'
+match 1 1 'foo/baz/bar' 'foo/**/bar'
+match 1 0 'foo/baz/bar' 'foo/**/**/bar'
+match 1 0 'foo/b/a/z/bar' 'foo/**/bar'
+match 1 0 'foo/b/a/z/bar' 'foo/**/**/bar'
+match 1 0 'foo/bar' 'foo/**/bar'
+match 1 0 'foo/bar' 'foo/**/**/bar'
+match 0 0 'foo/bar' 'foo?bar'
+match 0 0 'foo/bar' 'foo[/]bar'
+match 0 0 'foo/bar' 'f[^eiu][^eiu][^eiu][^eiu][^eiu]r'
+match 1 1 'foo-bar' 'f[^eiu][^eiu][^eiu][^eiu][^eiu]r'
+match 1 0 'foo' '**/foo'
+match 1 x 'XXX/foo' '**/foo'
+match 1 0 'bar/baz/foo' '**/foo'
+match 0 0 'bar/baz/foo' '*/foo'
+match 0 0 'foo/bar/baz' '**/bar*'
+match 1 0 'deep/foo/bar/baz' '**/bar/*'
+match 0 0 'deep/foo/bar/baz/' '**/bar/*'
+match 1 0 'deep/foo/bar/baz/' '**/bar/**'
+match 0 0 'deep/foo/bar' '**/bar/*'
+match 1 0 'deep/foo/bar/' '**/bar/**'
+match 0 0 'foo/bar/baz' '**/bar**'
+match 1 0 'foo/bar/baz/x' '*/bar/**'
+match 0 0 'deep/foo/bar/baz/x' '*/bar/**'
+match 1 0 'deep/foo/bar/baz/x' '**/bar/*/*'
+
+# Various additional tests
+match 0 0 'acrt' 'a[c-c]st'
+match 1 1 'acrt' 'a[c-c]rt'
+match 0 0 ']' '[!]-]'
+match 1 x 'a' '[!]-]'
+match 0 0 '' '\'
+match 0 x '\' '\'
+match 0 x 'XXX/\' '*/\'
+match 1 x 'XXX/\' '*/\\'
+match 1 1 'foo' 'foo'
+match 1 1 '@foo' '@foo'
+match 0 0 'foo' '@foo'
+match 1 1 '[ab]' '\[ab]'
+match 1 1 '[ab]' '[[]ab]'
+match 1 x '[ab]' '[[:]ab]'
+match 0 x '[ab]' '[[::]ab]'
+match 1 x '[ab]' '[[:digit]ab]'
+match 1 x '[ab]' '[\[:]ab]'
+match 1 1 '?a?b' '\??\?b'
+match 1 1 'abc' '\a\b\c'
+match 0 0 'foo' ''
+match 1 0 'foo/bar/baz/to' '**/t[o]'
+
+# Character class tests
+match 1 x 'a1B' '[[:alpha:]][[:digit:]][[:upper:]]'
+match 0 x 'a' '[[:digit:][:upper:][:space:]]'
+match 1 x 'A' '[[:digit:][:upper:][:space:]]'
+match 1 x '1' '[[:digit:][:upper:][:space:]]'
+match 0 x '1' '[[:digit:][:upper:][:spaci:]]'
+match 1 x ' ' '[[:digit:][:upper:][:space:]]'
+match 0 x '.' '[[:digit:][:upper:][:space:]]'
+match 1 x '.' '[[:digit:][:punct:][:space:]]'
+match 1 x '5' '[[:xdigit:]]'
+match 1 x 'f' '[[:xdigit:]]'
+match 1 x 'D' '[[:xdigit:]]'
+match 1 x '_' '[[:alnum:][:alpha:][:blank:][:cntrl:][:digit:][:graph:][:lower:][:print:][:punct:][:space:][:upper:][:xdigit:]]'
+match 1 x '_' '[[:alnum:][:alpha:][:blank:][:cntrl:][:digit:][:graph:][:lower:][:print:][:punct:][:space:][:upper:][:xdigit:]]'
+match 1 x '.' '[^[:alnum:][:alpha:][:blank:][:cntrl:][:digit:][:lower:][:space:][:upper:][:xdigit:]]'
+match 1 x '5' '[a-c[:digit:]x-z]'
+match 1 x 'b' '[a-c[:digit:]x-z]'
+match 1 x 'y' '[a-c[:digit:]x-z]'
+match 0 x 'q' '[a-c[:digit:]x-z]'
+
+# Additional tests, including some malformed wildmats
+match 1 x ']' '[\\-^]'
+match 0 0 '[' '[\\-^]'
+match 1 x '-' '[\-_]'
+match 1 x ']' '[\]]'
+match 0 0 '\]' '[\]]'
+match 0 0 '\' '[\]]'
+match 0 0 'ab' 'a[]b'
+match 0 x 'a[]b' 'a[]b'
+match 0 x 'ab[' 'ab['
+match 0 0 'ab' '[!'
+match 0 0 'ab' '[-'
+match 1 1 '-' '[-]'
+match 0 0 '-' '[a-'
+match 0 0 '-' '[!a-'
+match 1 x '-' '[--A]'
+match 1 x '5' '[--A]'
+match 1 1 ' ' '[ --]'
+match 1 1 '$' '[ --]'
+match 1 1 '-' '[ --]'
+match 0 0 '0' '[ --]'
+match 1 x '-' '[---]'
+match 1 x '-' '[------]'
+match 0 0 'j' '[a-e-n]'
+match 1 x '-' '[a-e-n]'
+match 1 x 'a' '[!------]'
+match 0 0 '[' '[]-a]'
+match 1 x '^' '[]-a]'
+match 0 0 '^' '[!]-a]'
+match 1 x '[' '[!]-a]'
+match 1 1 '^' '[a^bc]'
+match 1 x '-b]' '[a-]b]'
+match 0 0 '\' '[\]'
+match 1 1 '\' '[\\]'
+match 0 0 '\' '[!\\]'
+match 1 1 'G' '[A-\\]'
+match 0 0 'aaabbb' 'b*a'
+match 0 0 'aabcaa' '*ba*'
+match 1 1 ',' '[,]'
+match 1 1 ',' '[\\,]'
+match 1 1 '\' '[\\,]'
+match 1 1 '-' '[,-.]'
+match 0 0 '+' '[,-.]'
+match 0 0 '-.]' '[,-.]'
+match 1 1 '2' '[\1-\3]'
+match 1 1 '3' '[\1-\3]'
+match 0 0 '4' '[\1-\3]'
+match 1 1 '\' '[[-\]]'
+match 1 1 '[' '[[-\]]'
+match 1 1 ']' '[[-\]]'
+match 0 0 '-' '[[-\]]'
+
+# Test recursion and the abort code (use "wildtest -i" to see iteration counts)
+match 1 1 '-adobe-courier-bold-o-normal--12-120-75-75-m-70-iso8859-1' '-*-*-*-*-*-*-12-*-*-*-m-*-*-*'
+match 0 0 '-adobe-courier-bold-o-normal--12-120-75-75-X-70-iso8859-1' '-*-*-*-*-*-*-12-*-*-*-m-*-*-*'
+match 0 0 '-adobe-courier-bold-o-normal--12-120-75-75-/-70-iso8859-1' '-*-*-*-*-*-*-12-*-*-*-m-*-*-*'
+match 1 1 'XXX/adobe/courier/bold/o/normal//12/120/75/75/m/70/iso8859/1' 'XXX/*/*/*/*/*/*/12/*/*/*/m/*/*/*'
+match 0 0 'XXX/adobe/courier/bold/o/normal//12/120/75/75/X/70/iso8859/1' 'XXX/*/*/*/*/*/*/12/*/*/*/m/*/*/*'
+match 1 0 'abcd/abcdefg/abcdefghijk/abcdefghijklmnop.txt' '**/*a*b*g*n*t'
+match 0 0 'abcd/abcdefg/abcdefghijk/abcdefghijklmnop.txtz' '**/*a*b*g*n*t'
+match 0 x foo '*/*/*'
+match 0 x foo/bar '*/*/*'
+match 1 x foo/bba/arr '*/*/*'
+match 0 x foo/bb/aa/rr '*/*/*'
+match 1 x foo/bb/aa/rr '**/**/**'
+match 1 x abcXdefXghi '*X*i'
+match 0 x ab/cXd/efXg/hi '*X*i'
+match 1 x ab/cXd/efXg/hi '*/*X*/*/*i'
+match 1 x ab/cXd/efXg/hi '**/*X*/**/*i'
+
+pathmatch 1 foo foo
+pathmatch 0 foo fo
+pathmatch 1 foo/bar foo/bar
+pathmatch 1 foo/bar 'foo/*'
+pathmatch 1 foo/bba/arr 'foo/*'
+pathmatch 1 foo/bba/arr 'foo/**'
+pathmatch 1 foo/bba/arr 'foo*'
+pathmatch 1 foo/bba/arr 'foo**'
+pathmatch 1 foo/bba/arr 'foo/*arr'
+pathmatch 1 foo/bba/arr 'foo/**arr'
+pathmatch 0 foo/bba/arr 'foo/*z'
+pathmatch 0 foo/bba/arr 'foo/**z'
+pathmatch 1 foo/bar 'foo?bar'
+pathmatch 1 foo/bar 'foo[/]bar'
+pathmatch 0 foo '*/*/*'
+pathmatch 0 foo/bar '*/*/*'
+pathmatch 1 foo/bba/arr '*/*/*'
+pathmatch 1 foo/bb/aa/rr '*/*/*'
+pathmatch 1 abcXdefXghi '*X*i'
+pathmatch 1 ab/cXd/efXg/hi '*/*X*/*/*i'
+pathmatch 1 ab/cXd/efXg/hi '*Xg*i'
+
+# Case-sensitivy features
+match 0 x 'a' '[A-Z]'
+match 1 x 'A' '[A-Z]'
+match 0 x 'A' '[a-z]'
+match 1 x 'a' '[a-z]'
+match 0 x 'a' '[[:upper:]]'
+match 1 x 'A' '[[:upper:]]'
+match 0 x 'A' '[[:lower:]]'
+match 1 x 'a' '[[:lower:]]'
+match 0 x 'A' '[B-Za]'
+match 1 x 'a' '[B-Za]'
+match 0 x 'A' '[B-a]'
+match 1 x 'a' '[B-a]'
+match 0 x 'z' '[Z-y]'
+match 1 x 'Z' '[Z-y]'
+
+imatch 1 'a' '[A-Z]'
+imatch 1 'A' '[A-Z]'
+imatch 1 'A' '[a-z]'
+imatch 1 'a' '[a-z]'
+imatch 1 'a' '[[:upper:]]'
+imatch 1 'A' '[[:upper:]]'
+imatch 1 'A' '[[:lower:]]'
+imatch 1 'a' '[[:lower:]]'
+imatch 1 'A' '[B-Za]'
+imatch 1 'a' '[B-Za]'
+imatch 1 'A' '[B-a]'
+imatch 1 'a' '[B-a]'
+imatch 1 'z' '[Z-y]'
+imatch 1 'Z' '[Z-y]'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3200-branch.sh b/t/t3200-branch.sh
index a17f8b2..44ec6a4 100755
--- a/t/t3200-branch.sh
+++ b/t/t3200-branch.sh
@@ -7,20 +7,18 @@
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'prepare a trivial repository' \
-    'echo Hello > A &&
-     git update-index --add A &&
-     git commit -m "Initial commit." &&
-     echo World >> A &&
-     git update-index --add A &&
-     git commit -m "Second commit." &&
-     HEAD=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)'
+test_expect_success 'prepare a trivial repository' '
+	echo Hello >A &&
+	git update-index --add A &&
+	git commit -m "Initial commit." &&
+	echo World >>A &&
+	git update-index --add A &&
+	git commit -m "Second commit." &&
+	HEAD=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch --help should not have created a bogus branch' '
-     test_might_fail git branch --help </dev/null >/dev/null 2>/dev/null &&
-     test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/--help
+test_expect_success 'git branch --help should not have created a bogus branch' '
+	test_might_fail git branch --help </dev/null >/dev/null 2>/dev/null &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/--help
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'branch -h in broken repository' '
@@ -31,66 +29,70 @@
 		>.git/refs/heads/master &&
 		test_expect_code 129 git branch -h >usage 2>&1
 	) &&
-	grep "[Uu]sage" broken/usage
+	test_i18ngrep "[Uu]sage" broken/usage
 '
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch abc should create a branch' \
-    'git branch abc && test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/abc'
+test_expect_success 'git branch abc should create a branch' '
+	git branch abc && test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/abc
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch a/b/c should create a branch' \
-    'git branch a/b/c && test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/a/b/c'
+test_expect_success 'git branch a/b/c should create a branch' '
+	git branch a/b/c && test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/a/b/c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch HEAD should fail' '
+	test_must_fail git branch HEAD
+'
 
 cat >expect <<EOF
 $_z40 $HEAD $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> 1117150200 +0000	branch: Created from master
 EOF
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch -l d/e/f should create a branch and a log' \
-	'GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2005-05-26 23:30" \
-     git branch -l d/e/f &&
-	 test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/d/e/f &&
-	 test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/d/e/f &&
-	 test_cmp expect .git/logs/refs/heads/d/e/f'
+test_expect_success 'git branch -l d/e/f should create a branch and a log' '
+	GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2005-05-26 23:30" \
+	git branch -l d/e/f &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/d/e/f &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/d/e/f &&
+	test_cmp expect .git/logs/refs/heads/d/e/f
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch -d d/e/f should delete a branch and a log' \
-	'git branch -d d/e/f &&
-	 test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/d/e/f &&
-	 test_path_is_missing .git/logs/refs/heads/d/e/f'
+test_expect_success 'git branch -d d/e/f should delete a branch and a log' '
+	git branch -d d/e/f &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/d/e/f &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/logs/refs/heads/d/e/f
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch j/k should work after branch j has been deleted' \
-       'git branch j &&
-        git branch -d j &&
-        git branch j/k'
+test_expect_success 'git branch j/k should work after branch j has been deleted' '
+	git branch j &&
+	git branch -d j &&
+	git branch j/k
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch l should work after branch l/m has been deleted' \
-       'git branch l/m &&
-        git branch -d l/m &&
-        git branch l'
+test_expect_success 'git branch l should work after branch l/m has been deleted' '
+	git branch l/m &&
+	git branch -d l/m &&
+	git branch l
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch -m dumps usage' \
-       'test_expect_code 129 git branch -m 2>err &&
-	grep "[Uu]sage: git branch" err'
+test_expect_success 'git branch -m dumps usage' '
+	test_expect_code 128 git branch -m 2>err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "branch name required" err
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch -m m m/m should work' \
-       'git branch -l m &&
-        git branch -m m m/m &&
-	test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/m/m'
+test_expect_success 'git branch -m m m/m should work' '
+	git branch -l m &&
+	git branch -m m m/m &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/m/m
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch -m n/n n should work' \
-       'git branch -l n/n &&
+test_expect_success 'git branch -m n/n n should work' '
+	git branch -l n/n &&
 	git branch -m n/n n &&
-	test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/n'
+	test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/n
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'git branch -m o/o o should fail when o/p exists' '
 	git branch o/o &&
-        git branch o/p &&
+	git branch o/p &&
 	test_must_fail git branch -m o/o o
 '
 
@@ -248,22 +250,41 @@
 
 git config branch.s/s.dummy Hello
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch -m s/s s should work when s/t is deleted' \
-       'git branch -l s/s &&
+test_expect_success 'git branch -m s/s s should work when s/t is deleted' '
+	git branch -l s/s &&
 	test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/s/s &&
-        git branch -l s/t &&
+	git branch -l s/t &&
 	test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/s/t &&
-        git branch -d s/t &&
-        git branch -m s/s s &&
-	test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/s'
-
-test_expect_success 'config information was renamed, too' \
-	"test $(git config branch.s.dummy) = Hello &&
-	 test_must_fail git config branch.s/s/dummy"
-
-test_expect_success 'renaming a symref is not allowed' \
+	git branch -d s/t &&
+	git branch -m s/s s &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/s
 '
+
+test_expect_success 'config information was renamed, too' '
+	test $(git config branch.s.dummy) = Hello &&
+	test_must_fail git config branch.s/s/dummy
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'deleting a symref' '
+	git branch target &&
+	git symbolic-ref refs/heads/symref refs/heads/target &&
+	echo "Deleted branch symref (was refs/heads/target)." >expect &&
+	git branch -d symref >actual &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/target &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/symref &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'deleting a dangling symref' '
+	git symbolic-ref refs/heads/dangling-symref nowhere &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/dangling-symref &&
+	echo "Deleted branch dangling-symref (was nowhere)." >expect &&
+	git branch -d dangling-symref >actual &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/dangling-symref &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'renaming a symref is not allowed' '
 	git symbolic-ref refs/heads/master2 refs/heads/master &&
 	test_must_fail git branch -m master2 master3 &&
 	git symbolic-ref refs/heads/master2 &&
@@ -271,115 +292,230 @@
 	test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/master3
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-    'git branch -m u v should fail when the reflog for u is a symlink' '
-     git branch -l u &&
-     mv .git/logs/refs/heads/u real-u &&
-     ln -s real-u .git/logs/refs/heads/u &&
-     test_must_fail git branch -m u v
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'git branch -m u v should fail when the reflog for u is a symlink' '
+	git branch -l u &&
+	mv .git/logs/refs/heads/u real-u &&
+	ln -s real-u .git/logs/refs/heads/u &&
+	test_must_fail git branch -m u v
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'test tracking setup via --track' \
-    'git config remote.local.url . &&
-     git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
-     (git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
-     git branch --track my1 local/master &&
-     test $(git config branch.my1.remote) = local &&
-     test $(git config branch.my1.merge) = refs/heads/master'
+test_expect_success 'test tracking setup via --track' '
+	git config remote.local.url . &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
+	(git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
+	git branch --track my1 local/master &&
+	test $(git config branch.my1.remote) = local &&
+	test $(git config branch.my1.merge) = refs/heads/master
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'test tracking setup (non-wildcard, matching)' \
-    'git config remote.local.url . &&
-     git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/local/master &&
-     (git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
-     git branch --track my4 local/master &&
-     test $(git config branch.my4.remote) = local &&
-     test $(git config branch.my4.merge) = refs/heads/master'
+test_expect_success 'test tracking setup (non-wildcard, matching)' '
+	git config remote.local.url . &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/local/master &&
+	(git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
+	git branch --track my4 local/master &&
+	test $(git config branch.my4.remote) = local &&
+	test $(git config branch.my4.merge) = refs/heads/master
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'test tracking setup (non-wildcard, not matching)' \
-    'git config remote.local.url . &&
-     git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/s:refs/remotes/local/s &&
-     (git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
-     git branch --track my5 local/master &&
-     ! test "$(git config branch.my5.remote)" = local &&
-     ! test "$(git config branch.my5.merge)" = refs/heads/master'
+test_expect_success 'tracking setup fails on non-matching refspec' '
+	git config remote.local.url . &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/s:refs/remotes/local/s &&
+	(git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
+	test_must_fail git branch --track my5 local/master &&
+	test_must_fail git config branch.my5.remote &&
+	test_must_fail git config branch.my5.merge
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'test tracking setup via config' \
-    'git config branch.autosetupmerge true &&
-     git config remote.local.url . &&
-     git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
-     (git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
-     git branch my3 local/master &&
-     test $(git config branch.my3.remote) = local &&
-     test $(git config branch.my3.merge) = refs/heads/master'
+test_expect_success 'test tracking setup via config' '
+	git config branch.autosetupmerge true &&
+	git config remote.local.url . &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
+	(git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
+	git branch my3 local/master &&
+	test $(git config branch.my3.remote) = local &&
+	test $(git config branch.my3.merge) = refs/heads/master
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'test overriding tracking setup via --no-track' \
-    'git config branch.autosetupmerge true &&
-     git config remote.local.url . &&
-     git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
-     (git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
-     git branch --no-track my2 local/master &&
-     git config branch.autosetupmerge false &&
-     ! test "$(git config branch.my2.remote)" = local &&
-     ! test "$(git config branch.my2.merge)" = refs/heads/master'
+test_expect_success 'test overriding tracking setup via --no-track' '
+	git config branch.autosetupmerge true &&
+	git config remote.local.url . &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
+	(git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
+	git branch --no-track my2 local/master &&
+	git config branch.autosetupmerge false &&
+	! test "$(git config branch.my2.remote)" = local &&
+	! test "$(git config branch.my2.merge)" = refs/heads/master
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'no tracking without .fetch entries' \
-    'git config branch.autosetupmerge true &&
-     git branch my6 s &&
-     git config branch.automsetupmerge false &&
-     test -z "$(git config branch.my6.remote)" &&
-     test -z "$(git config branch.my6.merge)"'
+test_expect_success 'no tracking without .fetch entries' '
+	git config branch.autosetupmerge true &&
+	git branch my6 s &&
+	git config branch.automsetupmerge false &&
+	test -z "$(git config branch.my6.remote)" &&
+	test -z "$(git config branch.my6.merge)"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'test tracking setup via --track but deeper' \
-    'git config remote.local.url . &&
-     git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
-     (git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/o/o || git fetch local) &&
-     git branch --track my7 local/o/o &&
-     test "$(git config branch.my7.remote)" = local &&
-     test "$(git config branch.my7.merge)" = refs/heads/o/o'
+test_expect_success 'test tracking setup via --track but deeper' '
+	git config remote.local.url . &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
+	(git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/o/o || git fetch local) &&
+	git branch --track my7 local/o/o &&
+	test "$(git config branch.my7.remote)" = local &&
+	test "$(git config branch.my7.merge)" = refs/heads/o/o
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'test deleting branch deletes branch config' \
-    'git branch -d my7 &&
-     test -z "$(git config branch.my7.remote)" &&
-     test -z "$(git config branch.my7.merge)"'
+test_expect_success 'test deleting branch deletes branch config' '
+	git branch -d my7 &&
+	test -z "$(git config branch.my7.remote)" &&
+	test -z "$(git config branch.my7.merge)"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'test deleting branch without config' \
-    'git branch my7 s &&
-     sha1=$(git rev-parse my7 | cut -c 1-7) &&
-     echo "Deleted branch my7 (was $sha1)." >expect &&
-     git branch -d my7 >actual 2>&1 &&
-     test_i18ncmp expect actual'
+test_expect_success 'test deleting branch without config' '
+	git branch my7 s &&
+	sha1=$(git rev-parse my7 | cut -c 1-7) &&
+	echo "Deleted branch my7 (was $sha1)." >expect &&
+	git branch -d my7 >actual 2>&1 &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'test --track without .fetch entries' \
-    'git branch --track my8 &&
-     test "$(git config branch.my8.remote)" &&
-     test "$(git config branch.my8.merge)"'
+test_expect_success 'test --track without .fetch entries' '
+	git branch --track my8 &&
+	test "$(git config branch.my8.remote)" &&
+	test "$(git config branch.my8.merge)"
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'branch from non-branch HEAD w/autosetupmerge=always' \
-    'git config branch.autosetupmerge always &&
-     git branch my9 HEAD^ &&
-     git config branch.autosetupmerge false'
+test_expect_success 'branch from non-branch HEAD w/autosetupmerge=always' '
+	git config branch.autosetupmerge always &&
+	git branch my9 HEAD^ &&
+	git config branch.autosetupmerge false
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'branch from non-branch HEAD w/--track causes failure' \
-    'test_must_fail git branch --track my10 HEAD^'
+test_expect_success 'branch from non-branch HEAD w/--track causes failure' '
+	test_must_fail git branch --track my10 HEAD^
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'branch from tag w/--track causes failure' \
-    'git tag foobar &&
-     test_must_fail git branch --track my11 foobar'
+test_expect_success 'branch from tag w/--track causes failure' '
+	git tag foobar &&
+	test_must_fail git branch --track my11 foobar
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--set-upstream-to fails on multiple branches' '
+	test_must_fail git branch --set-upstream-to master a b c
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--set-upstream-to fails on detached HEAD' '
+	git checkout HEAD^{} &&
+	test_must_fail git branch --set-upstream-to master &&
+	git checkout -
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--set-upstream-to fails on a missing dst branch' '
+	test_must_fail git branch --set-upstream-to master does-not-exist
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--set-upstream-to fails on a missing src branch' '
+	test_must_fail git branch --set-upstream-to does-not-exist master
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--set-upstream-to fails on a non-ref' '
+	test_must_fail git branch --set-upstream-to HEAD^{}
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'use --set-upstream-to modify HEAD' '
+	test_config branch.master.remote foo &&
+	test_config branch.master.merge foo &&
+	git branch my12
+	git branch --set-upstream-to my12 &&
+	test "$(git config branch.master.remote)" = "." &&
+	test "$(git config branch.master.merge)" = "refs/heads/my12"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'use --set-upstream-to modify a particular branch' '
+	git branch my13
+	git branch --set-upstream-to master my13 &&
+	test "$(git config branch.my13.remote)" = "." &&
+	test "$(git config branch.my13.merge)" = "refs/heads/master"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--unset-upstream should fail if given a non-existent branch' '
+	test_must_fail git branch --unset-upstream i-dont-exist
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test --unset-upstream on HEAD' '
+	git branch my14
+	test_config branch.master.remote foo &&
+	test_config branch.master.merge foo &&
+	git branch --set-upstream-to my14 &&
+	git branch --unset-upstream &&
+	test_must_fail git config branch.master.remote &&
+	test_must_fail git config branch.master.merge &&
+	# fail for a branch without upstream set
+	test_must_fail git branch --unset-upstream
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--unset-upstream should fail on multiple branches' '
+	test_must_fail git branch --unset-upstream a b c
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--unset-upstream should fail on detached HEAD' '
+	git checkout HEAD^{} &&
+	test_must_fail git branch --unset-upstream &&
+	git checkout -
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test --unset-upstream on a particular branch' '
+	git branch my15
+	git branch --set-upstream-to master my14 &&
+	git branch --unset-upstream my14 &&
+	test_must_fail git config branch.my14.remote &&
+	test_must_fail git config branch.my14.merge
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--set-upstream shows message when creating a new branch that exists as remote-tracking' '
+	git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/master HEAD &&
+	git branch --set-upstream origin/master 2>actual &&
+	test_when_finished git update-ref -d refs/remotes/origin/master &&
+	test_when_finished git branch -d origin/master &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using --track or --set-upstream-to
+
+If you wanted to make '"'master'"' track '"'origin/master'"', do this:
+
+    git branch -d origin/master
+    git branch --set-upstream-to origin/master
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--set-upstream with two args only shows the deprecation message' '
+	git branch --set-upstream master my13 2>actual &&
+	test_when_finished git branch --unset-upstream master &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using --track or --set-upstream-to
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--set-upstream with one arg only shows the deprecation message if the branch existed' '
+	git branch --set-upstream my13 2>actual &&
+	test_when_finished git branch --unset-upstream my13 &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using --track or --set-upstream-to
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
 
 # Keep this test last, as it changes the current branch
 cat >expect <<EOF
 $_z40 $HEAD $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> 1117150200 +0000	branch: Created from master
 EOF
-test_expect_success \
-    'git checkout -b g/h/i -l should create a branch and a log' \
-	'GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2005-05-26 23:30" \
-     git checkout -b g/h/i -l master &&
-	 test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/g/h/i &&
-	 test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/g/h/i &&
-	 test_cmp expect .git/logs/refs/heads/g/h/i'
+test_expect_success 'git checkout -b g/h/i -l should create a branch and a log' '
+	GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2005-05-26 23:30" \
+	git checkout -b g/h/i -l master &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/g/h/i &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/g/h/i &&
+	test_cmp expect .git/logs/refs/heads/g/h/i
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'checkout -b makes reflog by default' '
 	git checkout master &&
@@ -650,7 +786,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'detect misconfigured autosetuprebase (no value)' '
 	git config --unset branch.autosetuprebase &&
-	echo "[branch] autosetuprebase" >> .git/config &&
+	echo "[branch] autosetuprebase" >>.git/config &&
 	test_must_fail git branch &&
 	git config --unset branch.autosetuprebase
 '
diff --git a/t/t3201-branch-contains.sh b/t/t3201-branch-contains.sh
index f86f4bc..141b061 100755
--- a/t/t3201-branch-contains.sh
+++ b/t/t3201-branch-contains.sh
@@ -55,6 +55,16 @@
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'branch --contains with pattern implies --list' '
+
+	git branch --contains=master master >actual &&
+	{
+		echo "  master"
+	} >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'side: branch --merged' '
 
 	git branch --merged >actual &&
@@ -66,6 +76,16 @@
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'branch --merged with pattern implies --list' '
+
+	git branch --merged=side master >actual &&
+	{
+		echo "  master"
+	} >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'side: branch --no-merged' '
 
 	git branch --no-merged >actual &&
@@ -95,4 +115,19 @@
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'branch --no-merged with pattern implies --list' '
+
+	git branch --no-merged=master master >actual &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'implicit --list conflicts with modification options' '
+
+	test_must_fail git branch --contains=master -d &&
+	test_must_fail git branch --contains=master -m foo
+
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3203-branch-output.sh b/t/t3203-branch-output.sh
index 76fe7e0..ba4f98e 100755
--- a/t/t3203-branch-output.sh
+++ b/t/t3203-branch-output.sh
@@ -94,13 +94,13 @@
 	test_must_fail git branch -v branch*
 '
 
-cat >expect <<'EOF'
-* (no branch)
+test_expect_success 'git branch shows detached HEAD properly' '
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+* (detached from $(git rev-parse --short HEAD^0))
   branch-one
   branch-two
   master
 EOF
-test_expect_success 'git branch shows detached HEAD properly' '
 	git checkout HEAD^0 &&
 	git branch >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect actual
diff --git a/t/t3211-peel-ref.sh b/t/t3211-peel-ref.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..d4d7792
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3211-peel-ref.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='tests for the peel_ref optimization of packed-refs'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'create annotated tag in refs/tags' '
+	test_commit base &&
+	git tag -m annotated foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create annotated tag outside of refs/tags' '
+	git update-ref refs/outside/foo refs/tags/foo
+'
+
+# This matches show-ref's output
+print_ref() {
+	echo "$(git rev-parse "$1") $1"
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'set up expected show-ref output' '
+	{
+		print_ref "refs/heads/master" &&
+		print_ref "refs/outside/foo" &&
+		print_ref "refs/outside/foo^{}" &&
+		print_ref "refs/tags/base" &&
+		print_ref "refs/tags/foo" &&
+		print_ref "refs/tags/foo^{}"
+	} >expect
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'refs are peeled outside of refs/tags (loose)' '
+	git show-ref -d >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'refs are peeled outside of refs/tags (packed)' '
+	git pack-refs --all &&
+	git show-ref -d >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create old-style pack-refs without fully-peeled' '
+	# Git no longer writes without fully-peeled, so we just write our own
+	# from scratch; we could also munge the existing file to remove the
+	# fully-peeled bits, but that seems even more prone to failure,
+	# especially if the format ever changes again. At least this way we
+	# know we are emulating exactly what an older git would have written.
+	{
+		echo "# pack-refs with: peeled " &&
+		print_ref "refs/heads/master" &&
+		print_ref "refs/outside/foo" &&
+		print_ref "refs/tags/base" &&
+		print_ref "refs/tags/foo" &&
+		echo "^$(git rev-parse "refs/tags/foo^{}")"
+	} >tmp &&
+	mv tmp .git/packed-refs
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'refs are peeled outside of refs/tags (old packed)' '
+	git show-ref -d >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3300-funny-names.sh b/t/t3300-funny-names.sh
index c53c9f6..7480d6e 100755
--- a/t/t3300-funny-names.sh
+++ b/t/t3300-funny-names.sh
@@ -11,6 +11,16 @@
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
+HT='	'
+
+echo 2>/dev/null > "Name with an${HT}HT"
+if ! test -f "Name with an${HT}HT"
+then
+	# since FAT/NTFS does not allow tabs in filenames, skip this test
+	skip_all='Your filesystem does not allow tabs in filenames'
+	test_done
+fi
+
 p0='no-funny'
 p1='tabs	," (dq) and spaces'
 p2='just space'
@@ -23,21 +33,9 @@
 	EOF
 
 	{ cat "$p0" >"$p1" || :; } &&
-	{ echo "Foo Bar Baz" >"$p2" || :; } &&
-
-	if test -f "$p1" && cmp "$p0" "$p1"
-	then
-		test_set_prereq TABS_IN_FILENAMES
-	fi
+	{ echo "Foo Bar Baz" >"$p2" || :; }
 '
 
-if ! test_have_prereq TABS_IN_FILENAMES
-then
-	# since FAT/NTFS does not allow tabs in filenames, skip this test
-	skip_all='Your filesystem does not allow tabs in filenames'
-	test_done
-fi
-
 test_expect_success 'setup: populate index and tree' '
 	git update-index --add "$p0" "$p2" &&
 	t0=$(git write-tree)
@@ -71,7 +69,7 @@
 	tabs	," (dq) and spaces
 	EOF
 	git ls-files -z >ls-files.z &&
-	perl -pe "y/\000/\012/" <ls-files.z >current &&
+	"$PERL_PATH" -pe "y/\000/\012/" <ls-files.z >current &&
 	test_cmp expected current
 '
 
@@ -108,7 +106,7 @@
 	tabs	," (dq) and spaces
 	EOF
 	git diff-index -z --name-status $t0 >diff-index.z &&
-	perl -pe "y/\000/\012/" <diff-index.z >current &&
+	"$PERL_PATH" -pe "y/\000/\012/" <diff-index.z >current &&
 	test_cmp expected current
 '
 
@@ -118,7 +116,7 @@
 	tabs	," (dq) and spaces
 	EOF
 	git diff-tree -z --name-status $t0 $t1 >diff-tree.z &&
-	perl -pe y/\\000/\\012/ <diff-tree.z >current &&
+	"$PERL_PATH" -pe y/\\000/\\012/ <diff-tree.z >current &&
 	test_cmp expected current
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t3400-rebase.sh b/t/t3400-rebase.sh
index 7788ae0..b58fa1a 100755
--- a/t/t3400-rebase.sh
+++ b/t/t3400-rebase.sh
@@ -68,24 +68,24 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase against master twice' '
 	git rebase master >out &&
-	grep "Current branch my-topic-branch is up to date" out
+	test_i18ngrep "Current branch my-topic-branch is up to date" out
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase against master twice with --force' '
 	git rebase --force-rebase master >out &&
-	grep "Current branch my-topic-branch is up to date, rebase forced" out
+	test_i18ngrep "Current branch my-topic-branch is up to date, rebase forced" out
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase against master twice from another branch' '
 	git checkout my-topic-branch^ &&
 	git rebase master my-topic-branch >out &&
-	grep "Current branch my-topic-branch is up to date" out
+	test_i18ngrep "Current branch my-topic-branch is up to date" out
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase fast-forward to master' '
 	git checkout my-topic-branch^ &&
 	git rebase my-topic-branch >out &&
-	grep "Fast-forwarded HEAD to my-topic-branch" out
+	test_i18ngrep "Fast-forwarded HEAD to my-topic-branch" out
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'the rebase operation should not have destroyed author information' '
@@ -101,7 +101,14 @@
 	test $(git rev-parse HEAD@{1}) != $(git rev-parse my-topic-branch@{1})
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rebase from ambiguous branch name' '
+	git checkout -b topic side &&
+	git rebase master
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'rebase after merge master' '
+	git checkout --detach refs/tags/topic &&
+	git branch -D topic &&
 	git reset --hard topic &&
 	git merge master &&
 	git rebase master &&
@@ -138,8 +145,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase is not broken by diff.renames' '
-	git config diff.renames copies &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset diff.renames" &&
+	test_config diff.renames copies &&
 	git checkout filemove &&
 	GIT_TRACE=1 git rebase force-3way
 '
diff --git a/t/t3401-rebase-partial.sh b/t/t3401-rebase-partial.sh
index 7ba1797..58f4823 100755
--- a/t/t3401-rebase-partial.sh
+++ b/t/t3401-rebase-partial.sh
@@ -42,4 +42,28 @@
 	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-merge
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rebase ignores empty commit' '
+	git reset --hard A &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m empty &&
+	test_commit D &&
+	git rebase C &&
+	test "$(git log --format=%s C..)" = "D"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase --keep-empty' '
+	git reset --hard D &&
+	git rebase --keep-empty C &&
+	test "$(git log --format=%s C..)" = "D
+empty"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase --keep-empty keeps empty even if already in upstream' '
+	git reset --hard A &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m also-empty &&
+	git rebase --keep-empty D &&
+	test "$(git log --format=%s A..)" = "also-empty
+D
+empty"
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh b/t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh
index 025c1c6..a58406d 100755
--- a/t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh
+++ b/t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh
@@ -29,12 +29,6 @@
 
 . "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-rebase.sh
 
-test_cmp_rev () {
-	git rev-parse --verify "$1" >expect.rev &&
-	git rev-parse --verify "$2" >actual.rev &&
-	test_cmp expect.rev actual.rev
-}
-
 set_fake_editor
 
 # WARNING: Modifications to the initial repository can change the SHA ID used
@@ -118,6 +112,17 @@
 	git rebase --continue
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i with exec of inexistent command' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	(
+	FAKE_LINES="exec_this-command-does-not-exist 1" &&
+	export FAKE_LINES &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase -i HEAD^ >actual 2>&1
+	) &&
+	! grep "Maybe git-rebase is broken" actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'no changes are a nop' '
 	git checkout branch2 &&
 	git rebase -i F &&
@@ -755,4 +760,191 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare for rebase -i --exec' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	git checkout -b execute &&
+	test_commit one_exec main.txt one_exec &&
+	test_commit two_exec main.txt two_exec &&
+	test_commit three_exec main.txt three_exec
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'running "git rebase -i --exec git show HEAD"' '
+	git rebase -i --exec "git show HEAD" HEAD~2 >actual &&
+	(
+		FAKE_LINES="1 exec_git_show_HEAD 2 exec_git_show_HEAD" &&
+		export FAKE_LINES &&
+		git rebase -i HEAD~2 >expect
+	) &&
+	sed -e "1,9d" expect >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'running "git rebase --exec git show HEAD -i"' '
+	git reset --hard execute &&
+	git rebase --exec "git show HEAD" -i HEAD~2 >actual &&
+	(
+		FAKE_LINES="1 exec_git_show_HEAD 2 exec_git_show_HEAD" &&
+		export FAKE_LINES &&
+		git rebase -i HEAD~2 >expect
+	) &&
+	sed -e "1,9d" expect >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'running "git rebase -ix git show HEAD"' '
+	git reset --hard execute &&
+	git rebase -ix "git show HEAD" HEAD~2 >actual &&
+	(
+		FAKE_LINES="1 exec_git_show_HEAD 2 exec_git_show_HEAD" &&
+		export FAKE_LINES &&
+		git rebase -i HEAD~2 >expect
+	) &&
+	sed -e "1,9d" expect >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -ix with several <CMD>' '
+	git reset --hard execute &&
+	git rebase -ix "git show HEAD; pwd" HEAD~2 >actual &&
+	(
+		FAKE_LINES="1 exec_git_show_HEAD;_pwd 2 exec_git_show_HEAD;_pwd" &&
+		export FAKE_LINES &&
+		git rebase -i HEAD~2 >expect
+	) &&
+	sed -e "1,9d" expect >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -ix with several instances of --exec' '
+	git reset --hard execute &&
+	git rebase -i --exec "git show HEAD" --exec "pwd" HEAD~2 >actual &&
+	(
+		FAKE_LINES="1 exec_git_show_HEAD exec_pwd 2
+				exec_git_show_HEAD exec_pwd" &&
+		export FAKE_LINES &&
+		git rebase -i HEAD~2 >expect
+	) &&
+	sed -e "1,11d" expect >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -ix with --autosquash' '
+	git reset --hard execute &&
+	git checkout -b autosquash &&
+	echo second >second.txt &&
+	git add second.txt &&
+	git commit -m "fixup! two_exec" &&
+	echo bis >bis.txt &&
+	git add bis.txt &&
+	git commit -m "fixup! two_exec" &&
+	(
+		git checkout -b autosquash_actual &&
+		git rebase -i --exec "git show HEAD" --autosquash HEAD~4 >actual
+	) &&
+	git checkout autosquash &&
+	(
+		git checkout -b autosquash_expected &&
+		FAKE_LINES="1 fixup 3 fixup 4 exec_git_show_HEAD 2 exec_git_show_HEAD" &&
+		export FAKE_LINES &&
+		git rebase -i HEAD~4 >expect
+	) &&
+	sed -e "1,13d" expect >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase --exec without -i shows error message' '
+	git reset --hard execute &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase --exec "git show HEAD" HEAD~2 2>actual &&
+	echo "The --exec option must be used with the --interactive option" >expected &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i --exec without <CMD>' '
+	git reset --hard execute &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase -i --exec 2>tmp &&
+	sed -e "1d" tmp >actual &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase -h >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	git checkout master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i --root re-order and drop commits' '
+	git checkout E &&
+	FAKE_LINES="3 1 2 5" git rebase -i --root &&
+	test E = $(git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -ne \$p) &&
+	test B = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | sed -ne \$p) &&
+	test A = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^^ | sed -ne \$p) &&
+	test C = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^^^ | sed -ne \$p) &&
+	test 0 = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^^^ | grep -c ^parent\ )
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i --root retain root commit author and message' '
+	git checkout A &&
+	echo B >file7 &&
+	git add file7 &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="Twerp Snog" git commit -m "different author" &&
+	FAKE_LINES="2" git rebase -i --root &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD | grep -q "^author Twerp Snog" &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD | grep -q "^different author$"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i --root temporary sentinel commit' '
+	git checkout B &&
+	(
+		FAKE_LINES="2" &&
+		export FAKE_LINES &&
+		test_must_fail git rebase -i --root
+	) &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD | grep "^tree 4b825dc642cb" &&
+	git rebase --abort
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i --root fixup root commit' '
+	git checkout B &&
+	FAKE_LINES="1 fixup 2" git rebase -i --root &&
+	test A = $(git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -ne \$p) &&
+	test B = $(git show HEAD:file1) &&
+	test 0 = $(git cat-file commit HEAD | grep -c ^parent\ )
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase --edit-todo does not works on non-interactive rebase' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout conflict-branch &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase --onto HEAD~2 HEAD~ &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase --edit-todo &&
+	git rebase --abort
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase --edit-todo can be used to modify todo' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout no-conflict-branch^0 &&
+	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 2 3" git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
+	FAKE_LINES="2 1" git rebase --edit-todo &&
+	git rebase --continue
+	test M = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | sed -ne \$p) &&
+	test L = $(git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -ne \$p)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i respects core.commentchar' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout E^0 &&
+	test_config core.commentchar "\\" &&
+	write_script remove-all-but-first.sh <<-\EOF &&
+	sed -e "2,\$s/^/\\\\/" "$1" >"$1.tmp" &&
+	mv "$1.tmp" "$1"
+	EOF
+	test_set_editor "$(pwd)/remove-all-but-first.sh" &&
+	git rebase -i B &&
+	test B = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | sed -ne \$p)
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3405-rebase-malformed.sh b/t/t3405-rebase-malformed.sh
index e5ad67c..19eddad 100755
--- a/t/t3405-rebase-malformed.sh
+++ b/t/t3405-rebase-malformed.sh
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
-test_description='rebase should not insist on git message convention'
+test_description='rebase should handle arbitrary git message'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
@@ -12,6 +12,11 @@
 to oneline summary format.
 EOF
 
+cat >G <<\EOF
+commit log message containing a diff
+EOF
+
+
 test_expect_success setup '
 
 	>file1 &&
@@ -19,8 +24,9 @@
 	git add file1 file2 &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m "Initial commit" &&
+	git branch diff-in-message
 
-	git checkout -b side &&
+	git checkout -b multi-line-subject &&
 	cat F >file2 &&
 	git add file2 &&
 	test_tick &&
@@ -28,6 +34,17 @@
 
 	git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -e "1,/^\$/d" >F0 &&
 
+	git checkout diff-in-message &&
+	echo "commit log message containing a diff" >G &&
+	echo "" >>G
+	cat G >file2 &&
+	git add file2 &&
+	git diff --cached >>G &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -F G &&
+
+	git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -e "1,/^\$/d" >G0 &&
+
 	git checkout master &&
 
 	echo One >file1 &&
@@ -36,13 +53,20 @@
 	git commit -m "Second commit"
 '
 
-test_expect_success rebase '
+test_expect_success 'rebase commit with multi-line subject' '
 
-	git rebase master side &&
+	git rebase master multi-line-subject &&
 	git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -e "1,/^\$/d" >F1 &&
 
 	test_cmp F0 F1 &&
 	test_cmp F F0
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rebase commit with diff in message' '
+	git rebase master diff-in-message &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -e "1,/^$/d" >G1 &&
+	test_cmp G0 G1 &&
+	test_cmp G G0
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3406-rebase-message.sh b/t/t3406-rebase-message.sh
index 6898377..e6a9a0d 100755
--- a/t/t3406-rebase-message.sh
+++ b/t/t3406-rebase-message.sh
@@ -62,9 +62,16 @@
         ! grep "^ fileX |  *1 +$" diffstat.txt
 '
 
+# Output to stderr:
+#
+#     "Does not point to a valid commit: invalid-ref"
+#
+# NEEDSWORK: This "grep" is fine in real non-C locales, but
+# GETTEXT_POISON poisons the refname along with the enclosing
+# error message.
 test_expect_success 'rebase --onto outputs the invalid ref' '
 	test_must_fail git rebase --onto invalid-ref HEAD HEAD 2>err &&
-	grep "invalid-ref" err
+	test_i18ngrep "invalid-ref" err
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3412-rebase-root.sh b/t/t3412-rebase-root.sh
index 086c91c..0b52105 100755
--- a/t/t3412-rebase-root.sh
+++ b/t/t3412-rebase-root.sh
@@ -22,8 +22,9 @@
 	test_commit 4 B
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'rebase --root expects --onto' '
-	test_must_fail git rebase --root
+test_expect_success 'rebase --root fails with too many args' '
+	git checkout -B fail other &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase --onto master --root fail fail
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'setup pre-rebase hook' '
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase --root --onto <newbase>' '
-	git checkout -b work &&
+	git checkout -b work other &&
 	git rebase --root --onto master &&
 	git log --pretty=tformat:"%s" > rebased &&
 	test_cmp expect rebased
diff --git a/t/t3501-revert-cherry-pick.sh b/t/t3501-revert-cherry-pick.sh
index 595d2ff..6f489e2 100755
--- a/t/t3501-revert-cherry-pick.sh
+++ b/t/t3501-revert-cherry-pick.sh
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
 	git diff --exit-code HEAD &&
 	test_must_fail git cherry-pick --nonsense 2>msg &&
 	git diff --exit-code HEAD "$pos" &&
-	grep '[Uu]sage:' msg
+	test_i18ngrep '[Uu]sage:' msg
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'revert --nonsense' '
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
 	git diff --exit-code HEAD &&
 	test_must_fail git revert --nonsense 2>msg &&
 	git diff --exit-code HEAD "$pos" &&
-	grep '[Uu]sage:' msg
+	test_i18ngrep '[Uu]sage:' msg
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'cherry-pick after renaming branch' '
@@ -100,4 +100,13 @@
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'chery-pick on unborn branch' '
+	git checkout --orphan unborn &&
+	git rm --cached -r . &&
+	rm -rf * &&
+	git cherry-pick initial &&
+	git diff --quiet initial &&
+	! test_cmp_rev initial HEAD
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3505-cherry-pick-empty.sh b/t/t3505-cherry-pick-empty.sh
index 5a1340c..a0c6e30 100755
--- a/t/t3505-cherry-pick-empty.sh
+++ b/t/t3505-cherry-pick-empty.sh
@@ -53,6 +53,11 @@
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick a commit with an empty message with --allow-empty-message' '
+	git checkout -f master &&
+	git cherry-pick --allow-empty-message empty-branch
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'cherry pick an empty non-ff commit without --allow-empty' '
 	git checkout master &&
 	echo fourth >>file2 &&
diff --git a/t/t3506-cherry-pick-ff.sh b/t/t3506-cherry-pick-ff.sh
index 51ca391..373aad6 100755
--- a/t/t3506-cherry-pick-ff.sh
+++ b/t/t3506-cherry-pick-ff.sh
@@ -105,4 +105,12 @@
 	test "$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)" = "1df192cd8bc58a2b275d842cede4d221ad9000d1"
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'chery-pick --ff on unborn branch' '
+	git checkout --orphan unborn &&
+	git rm --cached -r . &&
+	rm -rf * &&
+	git cherry-pick --ff first &&
+	test_cmp_rev first HEAD
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3507-cherry-pick-conflict.sh b/t/t3507-cherry-pick-conflict.sh
index 0c81b3c..223b984 100755
--- a/t/t3507-cherry-pick-conflict.sh
+++ b/t/t3507-cherry-pick-conflict.sh
@@ -11,12 +11,6 @@
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-test_cmp_rev () {
-	git rev-parse --verify "$1" >expect.rev &&
-	git rev-parse --verify "$2" >actual.rev &&
-	test_cmp expect.rev actual.rev
-}
-
 pristine_detach () {
 	git checkout -f "$1^0" &&
 	git read-tree -u --reset HEAD &&
@@ -30,6 +24,7 @@
 	test_commit initial foo a &&
 	test_commit base foo b &&
 	test_commit picked foo c &&
+	test_commit --signoff picked-signed foo d &&
 	git config advice.detachedhead false
 
 '
@@ -340,4 +335,35 @@
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'failed cherry-pick does not forget -s' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	test_must_fail git cherry-pick -s picked &&
+	test_i18ngrep -e "Signed-off-by" .git/MERGE_MSG
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit after failed cherry-pick does not add duplicated -s' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	test_must_fail git cherry-pick -s picked-signed &&
+	git commit -a -s &&
+	test $(git show -s |grep -c "Signed-off-by") = 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit after failed cherry-pick adds -s at the right place' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	test_must_fail git cherry-pick picked &&
+	git commit -a -s &&
+	pwd &&
+	cat <<EOF > expected &&
+picked
+
+Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+
+Conflicts:
+	foo
+EOF
+
+	git show -s --pretty=format:%B > actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3508-cherry-pick-many-commits.sh b/t/t3508-cherry-pick-many-commits.sh
index 75f7ff4..19c99d7 100755
--- a/t/t3508-cherry-pick-many-commits.sh
+++ b/t/t3508-cherry-pick-many-commits.sh
@@ -5,15 +5,11 @@
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 check_head_differs_from() {
-	head=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
-	arg=$(git rev-parse --verify "$1") &&
-	test "$head" != "$arg"
+	! test_cmp_rev HEAD "$1"
 }
 
 check_head_equals() {
-	head=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
-	arg=$(git rev-parse --verify "$1") &&
-	test "$head" = "$arg"
+	test_cmp_rev HEAD "$1"
 }
 
 test_expect_success setup '
@@ -44,6 +40,27 @@
 	check_head_differs_from fourth
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick three one two works' '
+	git checkout -f first &&
+	test_commit one &&
+	test_commit two &&
+	test_commit three &&
+	git checkout -f master &&
+	git reset --hard first &&
+	git cherry-pick three one two &&
+	git diff --quiet three &&
+	git diff --quiet HEAD three &&
+	test "$(git log --reverse --format=%s first..)" = "three
+one
+two"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick three one two: fails' '
+	git checkout -f master &&
+	git reset --hard first &&
+	test_must_fail git cherry-pick three one two:
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'output to keep user entertained during multi-pick' '
 	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
 	[master OBJID] second
diff --git a/t/t3510-cherry-pick-sequence.sh b/t/t3510-cherry-pick-sequence.sh
index f4e6450..7b7a89d 100755
--- a/t/t3510-cherry-pick-sequence.sh
+++ b/t/t3510-cherry-pick-sequence.sh
@@ -24,12 +24,6 @@
 	git clean -d -f -f -q -x
 }
 
-test_cmp_rev () {
-	git rev-parse --verify "$1" >expect.rev &&
-	git rev-parse --verify "$2" >actual.rev &&
-	test_cmp expect.rev actual.rev
-}
-
 test_expect_success setup '
 	git config advice.detachedhead false &&
 	echo unrelated >unrelated &&
@@ -410,7 +404,7 @@
 	grep "cherry picked from.*$picked" msg
 '
 
-test_expect_success '--signoff is not automatically propagated to resolved conflict' '
+test_expect_failure '--signoff is automatically propagated to resolved conflict' '
 	pristine_detach initial &&
 	test_expect_code 1 git cherry-pick --signoff base..anotherpick &&
 	echo "c" >foo &&
@@ -428,7 +422,7 @@
 	grep "Signed-off-by:" anotherpick_msg
 '
 
-test_expect_success '--signoff dropped for implicit commit of resolution, multi-pick case' '
+test_expect_failure '--signoff dropped for implicit commit of resolution, multi-pick case' '
 	pristine_detach initial &&
 	test_must_fail git cherry-pick -s picked anotherpick &&
 	echo c >foo &&
@@ -441,7 +435,7 @@
 	! grep Signed-off-by: msg
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'sign-off needs to be reaffirmed after conflict resolution, single-pick case' '
+test_expect_failure 'sign-off needs to be reaffirmed after conflict resolution, single-pick case' '
 	pristine_detach initial &&
 	test_must_fail git cherry-pick -s picked &&
 	echo c >foo &&
diff --git a/t/t3511-cherry-pick-x.sh b/t/t3511-cherry-pick-x.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f977279
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3511-cherry-pick-x.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Test cherry-pick -x and -s'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+pristine_detach () {
+	git cherry-pick --quit &&
+	git checkout -f "$1^0" &&
+	git read-tree -u --reset HEAD &&
+	git clean -d -f -f -q -x
+}
+
+mesg_one_line='base: commit message'
+
+mesg_no_footer="$mesg_one_line
+
+OneWordBodyThatsNotA-S-o-B"
+
+mesg_with_footer="$mesg_no_footer
+
+Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+Signed-off-by: A.U. Thor <author@example.com>
+Signed-off-by: B.U. Thor <buthor@example.com>"
+
+mesg_broken_footer="$mesg_no_footer
+
+The signed-off-by string should begin with the words Signed-off-by followed
+by a colon and space, and then the signers name and email address. e.g.
+Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>"
+
+mesg_with_footer_sob="$mesg_with_footer
+Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>"
+
+mesg_with_cherry_footer="$mesg_with_footer_sob
+(cherry picked from commit da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709)
+Tested-by: C.U. Thor <cuthor@example.com>"
+
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	git config advice.detachedhead false &&
+	echo unrelated >unrelated &&
+	git add unrelated &&
+	test_commit initial foo a &&
+	test_commit "$mesg_one_line" foo b mesg-one-line &&
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	test_commit "$mesg_no_footer" foo b mesg-no-footer &&
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	test_commit "$mesg_broken_footer" foo b mesg-broken-footer &&
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	test_commit "$mesg_with_footer" foo b mesg-with-footer &&
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	test_commit "$mesg_with_footer_sob" foo b mesg-with-footer-sob &&
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	test_commit "$mesg_with_cherry_footer" foo b mesg-with-cherry-footer &&
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	test_commit conflicting unrelated
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -x inserts blank line after one line subject' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	sha1=`git rev-parse mesg-one-line^0` &&
+	git cherry-pick -x mesg-one-line &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_one_line
+
+		(cherry picked from commit $sha1)
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -s inserts blank line after one line subject' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	git cherry-pick -s mesg-one-line &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_one_line
+
+		Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -s inserts blank line after non-conforming footer' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	git cherry-pick -s mesg-broken-footer &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_broken_footer
+
+		Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -x inserts blank line when conforming footer not found' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	sha1=`git rev-parse mesg-no-footer^0` &&
+	git cherry-pick -x mesg-no-footer &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_no_footer
+
+		(cherry picked from commit $sha1)
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -s inserts blank line when conforming footer not found' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	git cherry-pick -s mesg-no-footer &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_no_footer
+
+		Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -x -s inserts blank line when conforming footer not found' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	sha1=`git rev-parse mesg-no-footer^0` &&
+	git cherry-pick -x -s mesg-no-footer &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_no_footer
+
+		(cherry picked from commit $sha1)
+		Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -s adds sob when last sob doesnt match committer' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	git cherry-pick -s mesg-with-footer &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_with_footer
+		Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -x -s adds sob when last sob doesnt match committer' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	sha1=`git rev-parse mesg-with-footer^0` &&
+	git cherry-pick -x -s mesg-with-footer &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_with_footer
+		(cherry picked from commit $sha1)
+		Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -s refrains from adding duplicate trailing sob' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	git cherry-pick -s mesg-with-footer-sob &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_with_footer_sob
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -x -s adds sob even when trailing sob exists for committer' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	sha1=`git rev-parse mesg-with-footer-sob^0` &&
+	git cherry-pick -x -s mesg-with-footer-sob &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_with_footer_sob
+		(cherry picked from commit $sha1)
+		Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -x treats "(cherry picked from..." line as part of footer' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	sha1=`git rev-parse mesg-with-cherry-footer^0` &&
+	git cherry-pick -x mesg-with-cherry-footer &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_with_cherry_footer
+		(cherry picked from commit $sha1)
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -s treats "(cherry picked from..." line as part of footer' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	git cherry-pick -s mesg-with-cherry-footer &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_with_cherry_footer
+		Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -x -s treats "(cherry picked from..." line as part of footer' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	sha1=`git rev-parse mesg-with-cherry-footer^0` &&
+	git cherry-pick -x -s mesg-with-cherry-footer &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_with_cherry_footer
+		(cherry picked from commit $sha1)
+		Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3600-rm.sh b/t/t3600-rm.sh
index 9fd28bcf..0c44e9f 100755
--- a/t/t3600-rm.sh
+++ b/t/t3600-rm.sh
@@ -262,4 +262,429 @@
 	! test -d dir
 '
 
+cat >expect <<EOF
+D  submod
+EOF
+
+cat >expect.modified <<EOF
+ M submod
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'rm removes empty submodules from work tree' '
+	mkdir submod &&
+	git update-index --add --cacheinfo 160000 $(git rev-parse HEAD) submod &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.url ./. &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.path submod &&
+	git submodule init &&
+	git add .gitmodules &&
+	git commit -m "add submodule" &&
+	git rm submod &&
+	test ! -e submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm removes removed submodule from index' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	rm -rf submod &&
+	git rm submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm removes work tree of unmodified submodules' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git rm submod &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm removes a submodule with a trailing /' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git rm submod/ &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm fails when given a file with a trailing /' '
+	test_must_fail git rm empty/
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm succeeds when given a directory with a trailing /' '
+	git rm -r frotz/
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of a populated submodule with different HEAD fails unless forced' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	(cd submod &&
+		git checkout HEAD^
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git rm submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -f submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.modified actual &&
+	git rm -f submod &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of a populated submodule with modifications fails unless forced' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	(cd submod &&
+		echo X >empty
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git rm submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -f submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.modified actual &&
+	git rm -f submod &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of a populated submodule with untracked files fails unless forced' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	(cd submod &&
+		echo X >untracked
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git rm submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -f submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.modified actual &&
+	git rm -f submod &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup submodule conflict' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git checkout -b branch1 &&
+	echo 1 >nitfol &&
+	git add nitfol &&
+	git commit -m "added nitfol 1" &&
+	git checkout -b branch2 master &&
+	echo 2 >nitfol &&
+	git add nitfol &&
+	git commit -m "added nitfol 2" &&
+	git checkout -b conflict1 master &&
+	(cd submod &&
+		git fetch &&
+		git checkout branch1
+	) &&
+	git add submod &&
+	git commit -m "submod 1" &&
+	git checkout -b conflict2 master &&
+	(cd submod &&
+		git checkout branch2
+	) &&
+	git add submod &&
+	git commit -m "submod 2"
+'
+
+cat >expect.conflict <<EOF
+UU submod
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'rm removes work tree of unmodified conflicted submodule' '
+	git checkout conflict1 &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	test_must_fail git merge conflict2 &&
+	git rm submod &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of a conflicted populated submodule with different HEAD fails unless forced' '
+	git checkout conflict1 &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	(cd submod &&
+		git checkout HEAD^
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git merge conflict2 &&
+	test_must_fail git rm submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -f submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.conflict actual &&
+	git rm -f submod &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of a conflicted populated submodule with modifications fails unless forced' '
+	git checkout conflict1 &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	(cd submod &&
+		echo X >empty
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git merge conflict2 &&
+	test_must_fail git rm submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -f submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.conflict actual &&
+	git rm -f submod &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of a conflicted populated submodule with untracked files fails unless forced' '
+	git checkout conflict1 &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	(cd submod &&
+		echo X >untracked
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git merge conflict2 &&
+	test_must_fail git rm submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -f submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.conflict actual &&
+	git rm -f submod &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of a conflicted populated submodule with a .git directory fails even when forced' '
+	git checkout conflict1 &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	(cd submod &&
+		rm .git &&
+		cp -R ../.git/modules/sub .git &&
+		GIT_WORK_TREE=. git config --unset core.worktree
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git merge conflict2 &&
+	test_must_fail git rm submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -d submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.conflict actual &&
+	test_must_fail git rm -f submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -d submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.conflict actual &&
+	git merge --abort &&
+	rm -rf submod
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of a conflicted unpopulated submodule succeeds' '
+	git checkout conflict1 &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	test_must_fail git merge conflict2 &&
+	git rm submod &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of a populated submodule with a .git directory fails even when forced' '
+	git checkout -f master &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	(cd submod &&
+		rm .git &&
+		cp -R ../.git/modules/sub .git &&
+		GIT_WORK_TREE=. git config --unset core.worktree
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git rm submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -d submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	! test -s actual &&
+	test_must_fail git rm -f submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -d submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	! test -s actual &&
+	rm -rf submod
+'
+
+cat >expect.deepmodified <<EOF
+ M submod/subsubmod
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'setup subsubmodule' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	(cd submod &&
+		git update-index --add --cacheinfo 160000 $(git rev-parse HEAD) subsubmod &&
+		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.url ../. &&
+		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.path subsubmod &&
+		git submodule init &&
+		git add .gitmodules &&
+		git commit -m "add subsubmodule" &&
+		git submodule update subsubmod
+	) &&
+	git commit -a -m "added deep submodule"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm recursively removes work tree of unmodified submodules' '
+	git rm submod &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of a populated nested submodule with different nested HEAD fails unless forced' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update --recursive &&
+	(cd submod/subsubmod &&
+		git checkout HEAD^
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git rm submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -f submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.modified actual &&
+	git rm -f submod &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of a populated nested submodule with nested modifications fails unless forced' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update --recursive &&
+	(cd submod/subsubmod &&
+		echo X >empty
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git rm submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -f submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.modified actual &&
+	git rm -f submod &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of a populated nested submodule with nested untracked files fails unless forced' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update --recursive &&
+	(cd submod/subsubmod &&
+		echo X >untracked
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git rm submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -f submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.modified actual &&
+	git rm -f submod &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of a populated nested submodule with a nested .git directory fails even when forced' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update --recursive &&
+	(cd submod/subsubmod &&
+		rm .git &&
+		cp -R ../../.git/modules/sub/modules/sub .git &&
+		GIT_WORK_TREE=. git config --unset core.worktree
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git rm submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -d submod/subsubmod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	! test -s actual &&
+	test_must_fail git rm -f submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -d submod/subsubmod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	! test -s actual &&
+	rm -rf submod
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of d/f when d has become a non-directory' '
+	rm -rf d &&
+	mkdir d &&
+	>d/f &&
+	git add d &&
+	rm -rf d &&
+	>d &&
+	git rm d/f &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify :d/f &&
+	test_path_is_file d
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'rm of d/f when d has become a dangling symlink' '
+	rm -rf d &&
+	mkdir d &&
+	>d/f &&
+	git add d &&
+	rm -rf d &&
+	ln -s nonexistent d &&
+	git rm d/f &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify :d/f &&
+	test -h d &&
+	test_path_is_missing d
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of file when it has become a directory' '
+	rm -rf d &&
+	>d &&
+	git add d &&
+	rm -f d &&
+	mkdir d &&
+	>d/f &&
+	test_must_fail git rm d &&
+	git rev-parse --verify :d &&
+	test_path_is_file d/f
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'rm across a symlinked leading path (no index)' '
+	rm -rf d e &&
+	mkdir e &&
+	echo content >e/f &&
+	ln -s e d &&
+	git add -A e d &&
+	git commit -m "symlink d to e, e/f exists" &&
+	test_must_fail git rm d/f &&
+	git rev-parse --verify :d &&
+	git rev-parse --verify :e/f &&
+	test -h d &&
+	test_path_is_file e/f
+'
+
+test_expect_failure SYMLINKS 'rm across a symlinked leading path (w/ index)' '
+	rm -rf d e &&
+	mkdir d &&
+	echo content >d/f &&
+	git add -A e d &&
+	git commit -m "d/f exists" &&
+	mv d e &&
+	ln -s e d &&
+	test_must_fail git rm d/f &&
+	git rev-parse --verify :d/f &&
+	test -h d &&
+	test_path_is_file e/f
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3701-add-interactive.sh b/t/t3701-add-interactive.sh
index 098a6ae..9fab25c 100755
--- a/t/t3701-add-interactive.sh
+++ b/t/t3701-add-interactive.sh
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@
 	# times to get out.
 	#
 	# 2. Correct version applies the (not)edited version, and asks
-	#    about the next hunk, against wich we say q and program
+	#    about the next hunk, against which we say q and program
 	#    exits.
 	for a in s e     q n q q
 	do
diff --git a/t/t3902-quoted.sh b/t/t3902-quoted.sh
index 534ee08..892f567 100755
--- a/t/t3902-quoted.sh
+++ b/t/t3902-quoted.sh
@@ -16,9 +16,8 @@
 if ! test -f "Name and an${HT}HT"
 then
 	# FAT/NTFS does not allow tabs in filenames
-	say 'Your filesystem does not allow tabs in filenames'
-else
-	test_set_prereq TABS_IN_FILENAMES
+	skip_all='Your filesystem does not allow tabs in filenames'
+	test_done
 fi
 
 for_each_name () {
@@ -31,7 +30,7 @@
 	done
 }
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'setup' '
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
 
 	mkdir "$FN" &&
 	for_each_name "echo initial >\"\$name\"" &&
@@ -45,7 +44,7 @@
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'setup expected files' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expected files' '
 cat >expect.quoted <<\EOF &&
 Name
 "Name and a\nLF"
@@ -75,74 +74,74 @@
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'check fully quoted output from ls-files' '
+test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from ls-files' '
 
 	git ls-files >current && test_cmp expect.quoted current
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'check fully quoted output from diff-files' '
+test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from diff-files' '
 
 	git diff --name-only >current &&
 	test_cmp expect.quoted current
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'check fully quoted output from diff-index' '
+test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from diff-index' '
 
 	git diff --name-only HEAD >current &&
 	test_cmp expect.quoted current
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'check fully quoted output from diff-tree' '
+test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from diff-tree' '
 
 	git diff --name-only HEAD^ HEAD >current &&
 	test_cmp expect.quoted current
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'check fully quoted output from ls-tree' '
+test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from ls-tree' '
 
 	git ls-tree --name-only -r HEAD >current &&
 	test_cmp expect.quoted current
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'setting core.quotepath' '
+test_expect_success 'setting core.quotepath' '
 
 	git config --bool core.quotepath false
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'check fully quoted output from ls-files' '
+test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from ls-files' '
 
 	git ls-files >current && test_cmp expect.raw current
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'check fully quoted output from diff-files' '
+test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from diff-files' '
 
 	git diff --name-only >current &&
 	test_cmp expect.raw current
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'check fully quoted output from diff-index' '
+test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from diff-index' '
 
 	git diff --name-only HEAD >current &&
 	test_cmp expect.raw current
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'check fully quoted output from diff-tree' '
+test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from diff-tree' '
 
 	git diff --name-only HEAD^ HEAD >current &&
 	test_cmp expect.raw current
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'check fully quoted output from ls-tree' '
+test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from ls-tree' '
 
 	git ls-tree --name-only -r HEAD >current &&
 	test_cmp expect.raw current
diff --git a/t/t3903-stash.sh b/t/t3903-stash.sh
index cd04263..5dfbda7 100755
--- a/t/t3903-stash.sh
+++ b/t/t3903-stash.sh
@@ -610,7 +610,7 @@
 		git stash apply
 	) |
 	sed -e 1,2d >actual && # drop "Saved..." and "HEAD is now..."
-	test_cmp expect actual
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
 '
 
 cat > expect << EOF
diff --git a/t/t3910-mac-os-precompose.sh b/t/t3910-mac-os-precompose.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..5fe57c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3910-mac-os-precompose.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Torsten Bögershausen
+#
+
+test_description='utf-8 decomposed (nfd) converted to precomposed (nfc)'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+if ! test_have_prereq UTF8_NFD_TO_NFC
+then
+	skip_all="filesystem does not corrupt utf-8"
+	test_done
+fi
+
+# create utf-8 variables
+Adiarnfc=`printf '\303\204'`
+Adiarnfd=`printf 'A\314\210'`
+
+Odiarnfc=`printf '\303\226'`
+Odiarnfd=`printf 'O\314\210'`
+AEligatu=`printf '\303\206'`
+Invalidu=`printf '\303\377'`
+
+
+#Create a string with 255 bytes (decomposed)
+Alongd=$Adiarnfd$Adiarnfd$Adiarnfd$Adiarnfd$Adiarnfd$Adiarnfd$Adiarnfd #21 Byte
+Alongd=$Alongd$Alongd$Alongd                                           #63 Byte
+Alongd=$Alongd$Alongd$Alongd$Alongd$Adiarnfd                           #255 Byte
+
+#Create a string with 254 bytes (precomposed)
+Alongc=$AEligatu$AEligatu$AEligatu$AEligatu$AEligatu #10 Byte
+Alongc=$Alongc$Alongc$Alongc$Alongc$Alongc           #50 Byte
+Alongc=$Alongc$Alongc$Alongc$Alongc$Alongc           #250 Byte
+Alongc=$Alongc$AEligatu$AEligatu                     #254 Byte
+
+test_expect_success "detect if nfd needed" '
+	precomposeunicode=`git config core.precomposeunicode` &&
+	test "$precomposeunicode" = false &&
+	git config core.precomposeunicode true
+'
+test_expect_success "setup" '
+	>x &&
+	git add x &&
+	git commit -m "1st commit" &&
+	git rm x &&
+	git commit -m "rm x"
+'
+test_expect_success "setup case mac" '
+	git checkout -b mac_os
+'
+# This will test nfd2nfc in readdir()
+test_expect_success "add file Adiarnfc" '
+	echo f.Adiarnfc >f.$Adiarnfc &&
+	git add f.$Adiarnfc &&
+	git commit -m "add f.$Adiarnfc"
+'
+# This will test nfd2nfc in git stage()
+test_expect_success "stage file d.Adiarnfd/f.Adiarnfd" '
+	mkdir d.$Adiarnfd &&
+	echo d.$Adiarnfd/f.$Adiarnfd >d.$Adiarnfd/f.$Adiarnfd &&
+	git stage d.$Adiarnfd/f.$Adiarnfd &&
+	git commit -m "add d.$Adiarnfd/f.$Adiarnfd"
+'
+test_expect_success "add link Adiarnfc" '
+	ln -s d.$Adiarnfd/f.$Adiarnfd l.$Adiarnfc &&
+	git add l.$Adiarnfc &&
+	git commit -m "add l.Adiarnfc"
+'
+# This will test git log
+test_expect_success "git log f.Adiar" '
+	git log f.$Adiarnfc > f.Adiarnfc.log &&
+	git log f.$Adiarnfd > f.Adiarnfd.log &&
+	test -s f.Adiarnfc.log &&
+	test -s f.Adiarnfd.log &&
+	test_cmp f.Adiarnfc.log f.Adiarnfd.log &&
+	rm f.Adiarnfc.log f.Adiarnfd.log
+'
+# This will test git ls-files
+test_expect_success "git lsfiles f.Adiar" '
+	git ls-files f.$Adiarnfc > f.Adiarnfc.log &&
+	git ls-files f.$Adiarnfd > f.Adiarnfd.log &&
+	test -s f.Adiarnfc.log &&
+	test -s f.Adiarnfd.log &&
+	test_cmp f.Adiarnfc.log f.Adiarnfd.log &&
+	rm f.Adiarnfc.log f.Adiarnfd.log
+'
+# This will test git mv
+test_expect_success "git mv" '
+	git mv f.$Adiarnfd f.$Odiarnfc &&
+	git mv d.$Adiarnfd d.$Odiarnfc &&
+	git mv l.$Adiarnfd l.$Odiarnfc &&
+	git commit -m "mv Adiarnfd Odiarnfc"
+'
+# Files can be checked out as nfc
+# And the link has been corrected from nfd to nfc
+test_expect_success "git checkout nfc" '
+	rm f.$Odiarnfc &&
+	git checkout f.$Odiarnfc
+'
+# Make it possible to checkout files with their NFD names
+test_expect_success "git checkout file nfd" '
+	rm -f f.* &&
+	git checkout f.$Odiarnfd
+'
+# Make it possible to checkout links with their NFD names
+test_expect_success "git checkout link nfd" '
+	rm l.* &&
+	git checkout l.$Odiarnfd
+'
+test_expect_success "setup case mac2" '
+	git checkout master &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout -b mac_os_2
+'
+# This will test nfd2nfc in git commit
+test_expect_success "commit file d2.Adiarnfd/f.Adiarnfd" '
+	mkdir d2.$Adiarnfd &&
+	echo d2.$Adiarnfd/f.$Adiarnfd >d2.$Adiarnfd/f.$Adiarnfd &&
+	git add d2.$Adiarnfd/f.$Adiarnfd &&
+	git commit -m "add d2.$Adiarnfd/f.$Adiarnfd" -- d2.$Adiarnfd/f.$Adiarnfd
+'
+test_expect_success "setup for long decomposed filename" '
+	git checkout master &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout -b mac_os_long_nfd_fn
+'
+test_expect_success "Add long decomposed filename" '
+	echo longd >$Alongd &&
+	git add * &&
+	git commit -m "Long filename"
+'
+test_expect_success "setup for long precomposed filename" '
+	git checkout master &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout -b mac_os_long_nfc_fn
+'
+test_expect_success "Add long precomposed filename" '
+	echo longc >$Alongc &&
+	git add * &&
+	git commit -m "Long filename"
+'
+# Test if the global core.precomposeunicode stops autosensing
+# Must be the last test case
+test_expect_success "respect git config --global core.precomposeunicode" '
+	git config --global core.precomposeunicode true &&
+	rm -rf .git &&
+	git init &&
+	precomposeunicode=`git config core.precomposeunicode` &&
+	test "$precomposeunicode" = "true"
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4001-diff-rename.sh b/t/t4001-diff-rename.sh
index 844277c..2f327b7 100755
--- a/t/t4001-diff-rename.sh
+++ b/t/t4001-diff-rename.sh
@@ -102,4 +102,58 @@
 	grep warning actual.err
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rename pretty print with nothing in common' '
+	mkdir -p a/b/ &&
+	: >a/b/c &&
+	git add a/b/c &&
+	git commit -m "create a/b/c" &&
+	mkdir -p c/b/ &&
+	git mv a/b/c c/b/a &&
+	git commit -m "a/b/c -> c/b/a" &&
+	git diff -M --summary HEAD^ HEAD >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep " a/b/c => c/b/a " output &&
+	git diff -M --stat HEAD^ HEAD >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep " a/b/c => c/b/a " output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rename pretty print with common prefix' '
+	mkdir -p c/d &&
+	git mv c/b/a c/d/e &&
+	git commit -m "c/b/a -> c/d/e" &&
+	git diff -M --summary HEAD^ HEAD >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep " c/{b/a => d/e} " output &&
+	git diff -M --stat HEAD^ HEAD >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep " c/{b/a => d/e} " output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rename pretty print with common suffix' '
+	mkdir d &&
+	git mv c/d/e d/e &&
+	git commit -m "c/d/e -> d/e" &&
+	git diff -M --summary HEAD^ HEAD >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep " {c/d => d}/e " output &&
+	git diff -M --stat HEAD^ HEAD >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep " {c/d => d}/e " output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rename pretty print with common prefix and suffix' '
+	mkdir d/f &&
+	git mv d/e d/f/e &&
+	git commit -m "d/e -> d/f/e" &&
+	git diff -M --summary HEAD^ HEAD >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep " d/{ => f}/e " output &&
+	git diff -M --stat HEAD^ HEAD >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep " d/{ => f}/e " output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rename pretty print common prefix and suffix overlap' '
+	mkdir d/f/f &&
+	git mv d/f/e d/f/f/e &&
+	git commit -m "d/f/e d/f/f/e" &&
+	git diff -M --summary HEAD^ HEAD >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep " d/f/{ => f}/e " output &&
+	git diff -M --stat HEAD^ HEAD >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep " d/f/{ => f}/e " output
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4006-diff-mode.sh b/t/t4006-diff-mode.sh
index 7a3e1f9..0591149 100755
--- a/t/t4006-diff-mode.sh
+++ b/t/t4006-diff-mode.sh
@@ -32,28 +32,28 @@
 	git commit -m binbin
 '
 
-test_expect_success '--stat output after text chmod' '
-	test_chmod -x rezrov &&
-	echo " 0 files changed" >expect &&
-	git diff HEAD --stat >actual &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
-'
-
-test_expect_success '--shortstat output after text chmod' '
-	git diff HEAD --shortstat >actual &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
-'
-
-test_expect_success '--stat output after binary chmod' '
-	test_chmod +x binbin &&
-	echo " 0 files changed" >expect &&
-	git diff HEAD --stat >actual &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
-'
-
-test_expect_success '--shortstat output after binary chmod' '
-	git diff HEAD --shortstat >actual &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
-'
+# test_expect_success '--stat output after text chmod' '
+# 	test_chmod -x rezrov &&
+# 	echo " 0 files changed" >expect &&
+# 	git diff HEAD --stat >actual &&
+#	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+# '
+#
+# test_expect_success '--shortstat output after text chmod' '
+# 	git diff HEAD --shortstat >actual &&
+# 	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+# '
+#
+# test_expect_success '--stat output after binary chmod' '
+# 	test_chmod +x binbin &&
+# 	echo " 0 files changed" >expect &&
+# 	git diff HEAD --stat >actual &&
+# 	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+# '
+#
+# test_expect_success '--shortstat output after binary chmod' '
+# 	git diff HEAD --shortstat >actual &&
+# 	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+# '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4012-diff-binary.sh b/t/t4012-diff-binary.sh
index 6cebb39..1215ae5 100755
--- a/t/t4012-diff-binary.sh
+++ b/t/t4012-diff-binary.sh
@@ -15,13 +15,14 @@
 -	-	d
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success 'prepare repository' \
-	'echo AIT >a && echo BIT >b && echo CIT >c && echo DIT >d &&
-	 git update-index --add a b c d &&
-	 echo git >a &&
-	 cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/test-binary-1.png >b &&
-	 echo git >c &&
-	 cat b b >d'
+test_expect_success 'prepare repository' '
+	echo AIT >a && echo BIT >b && echo CIT >c && echo DIT >d &&
+	git update-index --add a b c d &&
+	echo git >a &&
+	cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/test-binary-1.png >b &&
+	echo git >c &&
+	cat b b >d
+'
 
 cat > expected <<\EOF
  a |    2 +-
@@ -30,16 +31,16 @@
  d |  Bin
  4 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
 EOF
-test_expect_success '"apply --stat" output for binary file change' '
+test_expect_success 'apply --stat output for binary file change' '
 	git diff >diff &&
 	git apply --stat --summary <diff >current &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected current
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'diff --shortstat output for binary file change' '
-	echo " 4 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)" >expected &&
+	tail -n 1 expected >expect &&
 	git diff --shortstat >current &&
-	test_i18ncmp expected current
+	test_i18ncmp expect current
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'diff --shortstat output for binary file change only' '
@@ -62,49 +63,42 @@
 
 # apply needs to be able to skip the binary material correctly
 # in order to report the line number of a corrupt patch.
-test_expect_success 'apply detecting corrupt patch correctly' \
-	'git diff | sed -e 's/-CIT/xCIT/' >broken &&
-	 if git apply --stat --summary broken 2>detected
-	 then
-		echo unhappy - should have detected an error
-		(exit 1)
-	 else
-		echo happy
-	 fi &&
-	 detected=`cat detected` &&
-	 detected=`expr "$detected" : "fatal.*at line \\([0-9]*\\)\$"` &&
-	 detected=`sed -ne "${detected}p" broken` &&
-	 test "$detected" = xCIT'
+test_expect_success C_LOCALE_OUTPUT 'apply detecting corrupt patch correctly' '
+	git diff >output &&
+	sed -e "s/-CIT/xCIT/" <output >broken &&
+	test_must_fail git apply --stat --summary broken 2>detected &&
+	detected=`cat detected` &&
+	detected=`expr "$detected" : "fatal.*at line \\([0-9]*\\)\$"` &&
+	detected=`sed -ne "${detected}p" broken` &&
+	test "$detected" = xCIT
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'apply detecting corrupt patch correctly' \
-	'git diff --binary | sed -e 's/-CIT/xCIT/' >broken &&
-	 if git apply --stat --summary broken 2>detected
-	 then
-		echo unhappy - should have detected an error
-		(exit 1)
-	 else
-		echo happy
-	 fi &&
-	 detected=`cat detected` &&
-	 detected=`expr "$detected" : "fatal.*at line \\([0-9]*\\)\$"` &&
-	 detected=`sed -ne "${detected}p" broken` &&
-	 test "$detected" = xCIT'
+test_expect_success C_LOCALE_OUTPUT 'apply detecting corrupt patch correctly' '
+	git diff --binary | sed -e "s/-CIT/xCIT/" >broken &&
+	test_must_fail git apply --stat --summary broken 2>detected &&
+	detected=`cat detected` &&
+	detected=`expr "$detected" : "fatal.*at line \\([0-9]*\\)\$"` &&
+	detected=`sed -ne "${detected}p" broken` &&
+	test "$detected" = xCIT
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'initial commit' 'git commit -a -m initial'
 
 # Try removal (b), modification (d), and creation (e).
-test_expect_success 'diff-index with --binary' \
-	'echo AIT >a && mv b e && echo CIT >c && cat e >d &&
-	 git update-index --add --remove a b c d e &&
-	 tree0=`git write-tree` &&
-	 git diff --cached --binary >current &&
-	 git apply --stat --summary current'
+test_expect_success 'diff-index with --binary' '
+	echo AIT >a && mv b e && echo CIT >c && cat e >d &&
+	git update-index --add --remove a b c d e &&
+	tree0=`git write-tree` &&
+	git diff --cached --binary >current &&
+	git apply --stat --summary current
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'apply binary patch' \
-	'git reset --hard &&
-	 git apply --binary --index <current &&
-	 tree1=`git write-tree` &&
-	 test "$tree1" = "$tree0"'
+test_expect_success 'apply binary patch' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git apply --binary --index <current &&
+	tree1=`git write-tree` &&
+	test "$tree1" = "$tree0"
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'diff --no-index with binary creation' '
 	echo Q | q_to_nul >binary &&
@@ -125,7 +119,7 @@
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'diff --stat with binary files and big change count' '
-	echo X | dd of=binfile bs=1k seek=1 &&
+	printf "\01\00%1024d" 1 >binfile &&
 	git add binfile &&
 	i=0 &&
 	while test $i -lt 10000; do
diff --git a/t/t4014-format-patch.sh b/t/t4014-format-patch.sh
index b473b6d..58d4180 100755
--- a/t/t4014-format-patch.sh
+++ b/t/t4014-format-patch.sh
@@ -110,73 +110,107 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'extra headers' '
 
-	git config format.headers "To: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>
+	git config format.headers "To: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>
 " &&
-	git config --add format.headers "Cc: S. E. Cipient <scipient@example.com>
+	git config --add format.headers "Cc: S E Cipient <scipient@example.com>
 " &&
 	git format-patch --stdout master..side > patch2 &&
 	sed -e "/^\$/q" patch2 > hdrs2 &&
-	grep "^To: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>\$" hdrs2 &&
-	grep "^Cc: S. E. Cipient <scipient@example.com>\$" hdrs2
+	grep "^To: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>\$" hdrs2 &&
+	grep "^Cc: S E Cipient <scipient@example.com>\$" hdrs2
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'extra headers without newlines' '
 
-	git config --replace-all format.headers "To: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
-	git config --add format.headers "Cc: S. E. Cipient <scipient@example.com>" &&
+	git config --replace-all format.headers "To: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
+	git config --add format.headers "Cc: S E Cipient <scipient@example.com>" &&
 	git format-patch --stdout master..side >patch3 &&
 	sed -e "/^\$/q" patch3 > hdrs3 &&
-	grep "^To: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>\$" hdrs3 &&
-	grep "^Cc: S. E. Cipient <scipient@example.com>\$" hdrs3
+	grep "^To: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>\$" hdrs3 &&
+	grep "^Cc: S E Cipient <scipient@example.com>\$" hdrs3
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'extra headers with multiple To:s' '
 
-	git config --replace-all format.headers "To: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
-	git config --add format.headers "To: S. E. Cipient <scipient@example.com>" &&
+	git config --replace-all format.headers "To: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
+	git config --add format.headers "To: S E Cipient <scipient@example.com>" &&
 	git format-patch --stdout master..side > patch4 &&
 	sed -e "/^\$/q" patch4 > hdrs4 &&
-	grep "^To: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>,\$" hdrs4 &&
-	grep "^ *S. E. Cipient <scipient@example.com>\$" hdrs4
+	grep "^To: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>,\$" hdrs4 &&
+	grep "^ *S E Cipient <scipient@example.com>\$" hdrs4
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'additional command line cc' '
+test_expect_success 'additional command line cc (ascii)' '
 
-	git config --replace-all format.headers "Cc: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
+	git config --replace-all format.headers "Cc: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
+	git format-patch --cc="S E Cipient <scipient@example.com>" --stdout master..side | sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch5 &&
+	grep "^Cc: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>,\$" patch5 &&
+	grep "^ *S E Cipient <scipient@example.com>\$" patch5
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'additional command line cc (rfc822)' '
+
+	git config --replace-all format.headers "Cc: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
 	git format-patch --cc="S. E. Cipient <scipient@example.com>" --stdout master..side | sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch5 &&
-	grep "^Cc: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>,\$" patch5 &&
-	grep "^ *S. E. Cipient <scipient@example.com>\$" patch5
+	grep "^Cc: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>,\$" patch5 &&
+	grep "^ *\"S. E. Cipient\" <scipient@example.com>\$" patch5
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'command line headers' '
 
 	git config --unset-all format.headers &&
-	git format-patch --add-header="Cc: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" --stdout master..side | sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch6 &&
-	grep "^Cc: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch6
+	git format-patch --add-header="Cc: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" --stdout master..side | sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch6 &&
+	grep "^Cc: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch6
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'configuration headers and command line headers' '
 
-	git config --replace-all format.headers "Cc: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
-	git format-patch --add-header="Cc: S. E. Cipient <scipient@example.com>" --stdout master..side | sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch7 &&
-	grep "^Cc: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>,\$" patch7 &&
-	grep "^ *S. E. Cipient <scipient@example.com>\$" patch7
+	git config --replace-all format.headers "Cc: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
+	git format-patch --add-header="Cc: S E Cipient <scipient@example.com>" --stdout master..side | sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch7 &&
+	grep "^Cc: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>,\$" patch7 &&
+	grep "^ *S E Cipient <scipient@example.com>\$" patch7
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'command line To: header' '
+test_expect_success 'command line To: header (ascii)' '
 
 	git config --unset-all format.headers &&
-	git format-patch --to="R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" --stdout master..side | sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch8 &&
-	grep "^To: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch8
+	git format-patch --to="R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" --stdout master..side | sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch8 &&
+	grep "^To: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch8
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'configuration To: header' '
+test_expect_failure 'command line To: header (rfc822)' '
+
+	git format-patch --to="R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" --stdout master..side | sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch8 &&
+	grep "^To: \"R. E. Cipient\" <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch8
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'command line To: header (rfc2047)' '
+
+	git format-patch --to="R Ä Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" --stdout master..side | sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch8 &&
+	grep "^To: =?UTF-8?q?R=20=C3=84=20Cipient?= <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch8
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'configuration To: header (ascii)' '
+
+	git config format.to "R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
+	git format-patch --stdout master..side | sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch9 &&
+	grep "^To: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch9
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'configuration To: header (rfc822)' '
 
 	git config format.to "R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
 	git format-patch --stdout master..side | sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch9 &&
-	grep "^To: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch9
+	grep "^To: \"R. E. Cipient\" <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch9
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'configuration To: header (rfc2047)' '
+
+	git config format.to "R Ä Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
+	git format-patch --stdout master..side | sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch9 &&
+	grep "^To: =?UTF-8?q?R=20=C3=84=20Cipient?= <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch9
 '
 
 # check_patch <patch>: Verify that <patch> looks like a half-sane
@@ -190,11 +224,11 @@
 test_expect_success '--no-to overrides config.to' '
 
 	git config --replace-all format.to \
-		"R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
+		"R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
 	git format-patch --no-to --stdout master..side |
 	sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch10 &&
 	check_patch patch10 &&
-	! grep "^To: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch10
+	! grep "^To: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch10
 '
 
 test_expect_success '--no-to and --to replaces config.to' '
@@ -212,21 +246,21 @@
 test_expect_success '--no-cc overrides config.cc' '
 
 	git config --replace-all format.cc \
-		"C. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
+		"C E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
 	git format-patch --no-cc --stdout master..side |
 	sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch12 &&
 	check_patch patch12 &&
-	! grep "^Cc: C. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch12
+	! grep "^Cc: C E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch12
 '
 
 test_expect_success '--no-add-header overrides config.headers' '
 
 	git config --replace-all format.headers \
-		"Header1: B. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
+		"Header1: B E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
 	git format-patch --no-add-header --stdout master..side |
 	sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch13 &&
 	check_patch patch13 &&
-	! grep "^Header1: B. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch13
+	! grep "^Header1: B E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch13
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'multiple files' '
@@ -237,13 +271,29 @@
 	ls patches/0001-Side-changes-1.patch patches/0002-Side-changes-2.patch patches/0003-Side-changes-3-with-n-backslash-n-in-it.patch
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'reroll count' '
+	rm -fr patches &&
+	git format-patch -o patches --cover-letter --reroll-count 4 master..side >list &&
+	! grep -v "^patches/v4-000[0-3]-" list &&
+	sed -n -e "/^Subject: /p" $(cat list) >subjects &&
+	! grep -v "^Subject: \[PATCH v4 [0-3]/3\] " subjects
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reroll count (-v)' '
+	rm -fr patches &&
+	git format-patch -o patches --cover-letter -v4 master..side >list &&
+	! grep -v "^patches/v4-000[0-3]-" list &&
+	sed -n -e "/^Subject: /p" $(cat list) >subjects &&
+	! grep -v "^Subject: \[PATCH v4 [0-3]/3\] " subjects
+'
+
 check_threading () {
 	expect="$1" &&
 	shift &&
 	(git format-patch --stdout "$@"; echo $? > status.out) |
 	# Prints everything between the Message-ID and In-Reply-To,
 	# and replaces all Message-ID-lookalikes by a sequence number
-	perl -ne '
+	"$PERL_PATH" -ne '
 		if (/^(message-id|references|in-reply-to)/i) {
 			$printing = 1;
 		} elsif (/^\S/) {
@@ -616,8 +666,19 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'format-patch --signoff' '
-	git format-patch -1 --signoff --stdout |
-	grep "^Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>"
+	git format-patch -1 --signoff --stdout >out &&
+	grep "^Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>" out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'format-patch --notes --signoff' '
+	git notes --ref test add -m "test message" HEAD &&
+	git format-patch -1 --signoff --stdout --notes=test >out &&
+	# Three dashes must come after S-o-b
+	! sed "/^Signed-off-by: /q" out | grep "test message" &&
+	sed "1,/^Signed-off-by: /d" out | grep "test message" &&
+	# Notes message must come after three dashes
+	! sed "/^---$/q" out | grep "test message" &&
+	sed "1,/^---$/d" out | grep "test message"
 '
 
 echo "fatal: --name-only does not make sense" > expect.name-only
@@ -681,21 +742,21 @@
 	test 2 = $(grep "my sig" output | wc -l)
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'format.signature="" supresses signatures' '
+test_expect_success 'format.signature="" suppresses signatures' '
 	git config format.signature "" &&
 	git format-patch --stdout -1 >output &&
 	check_patch output &&
 	! grep "^-- \$" output
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'format-patch --no-signature supresses signatures' '
+test_expect_success 'format-patch --no-signature suppresses signatures' '
 	git config --unset-all format.signature &&
 	git format-patch --stdout --no-signature -1 >output &&
 	check_patch output &&
 	! grep "^-- \$" output
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'format-patch --signature="" supresses signatures' '
+test_expect_success 'format-patch --signature="" suppresses signatures' '
 	git format-patch --stdout --signature="" -1 >output &&
 	check_patch output &&
 	! grep "^-- \$" output
@@ -752,16 +813,14 @@
 M512=$M64$M64$M64$M64$M64$M64$M64$M64
 cat >expect <<'EOF'
 Subject: [PATCH] foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo
- bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar
- foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo
- bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar
- foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo
- bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar
- foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo
- bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar
- foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar
+ bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar
+ foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo
+ bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar
+ foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo
+ bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar
+ foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar
 EOF
-test_expect_success 'format-patch wraps extremely long headers (ascii)' '
+test_expect_success 'format-patch wraps extremely long subject (ascii)' '
 	echo content >>file &&
 	git add file &&
 	git commit -m "$M512" &&
@@ -774,30 +833,32 @@
 M64=$M8$M8$M8$M8$M8$M8$M8$M8
 M512=$M64$M64$M64$M64$M64$M64$M64$M64
 cat >expect <<'EOF'
-Subject: [PATCH] =?UTF-8?q?f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar?=
+Subject: [PATCH] =?UTF-8?q?f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?bar?=
 EOF
-test_expect_success 'format-patch wraps extremely long headers (rfc2047)' '
+test_expect_success 'format-patch wraps extremely long subject (rfc2047)' '
 	rm -rf patches/ &&
 	echo content >>file &&
 	git add file &&
@@ -807,52 +868,80 @@
 	test_cmp expect subject
 '
 
-M8="foo_bar_"
-M64=$M8$M8$M8$M8$M8$M8$M8$M8
-cat >expect <<EOF
-From: $M64
- <foobar@foo.bar>
-EOF
-test_expect_success 'format-patch wraps non-quotable headers' '
-	rm -rf patches/ &&
-	echo content >>file &&
-	git add file &&
-	git commit -mfoo --author "$M64 <foobar@foo.bar>" &&
-	git format-patch --stdout -1 >patch &&
-	sed -n "/^From: /p; /^ /p; /^$/q" <patch >from &&
-	test_cmp expect from
-'
-
 check_author() {
 	echo content >>file &&
 	git add file &&
 	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=$1 git commit -m author-check &&
 	git format-patch --stdout -1 >patch &&
-	grep ^From: patch >actual &&
+	sed -n "/^From: /p; /^ /p; /^$/q" <patch >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 }
 
 cat >expect <<'EOF'
 From: "Foo B. Bar" <author@example.com>
 EOF
-test_expect_success 'format-patch quotes dot in headers' '
+test_expect_success 'format-patch quotes dot in from-headers' '
 	check_author "Foo B. Bar"
 '
 
 cat >expect <<'EOF'
 From: "Foo \"The Baz\" Bar" <author@example.com>
 EOF
-test_expect_success 'format-patch quotes double-quote in headers' '
+test_expect_success 'format-patch quotes double-quote in from-headers' '
 	check_author "Foo \"The Baz\" Bar"
 '
 
 cat >expect <<'EOF'
-From: =?UTF-8?q?"F=C3=B6o=20B.=20Bar"?= <author@example.com>
+From: =?UTF-8?q?F=C3=B6o=20Bar?= <author@example.com>
 EOF
-test_expect_success 'rfc2047-encoded headers also double-quote 822 specials' '
+test_expect_success 'format-patch uses rfc2047-encoded from-headers when necessary' '
+	check_author "Föo Bar"
+'
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+From: =?UTF-8?q?F=C3=B6o=20B=2E=20Bar?= <author@example.com>
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'rfc2047-encoded from-headers leave no rfc822 specials' '
 	check_author "Föo B. Bar"
 '
 
+cat >expect <<EOF
+From: foo_bar_foo_bar_foo_bar_foo_bar_foo_bar_foo_bar_foo_bar_foo_bar_
+ <author@example.com>
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'format-patch wraps moderately long from-header (ascii)' '
+	check_author "foo_bar_foo_bar_foo_bar_foo_bar_foo_bar_foo_bar_foo_bar_foo_bar_"
+'
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+From: Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar
+ Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo
+ Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar <author@example.com>
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'format-patch wraps extremely long from-header (ascii)' '
+	check_author "Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar"
+'
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+From: "Foo.Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar
+ Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo
+ Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar" <author@example.com>
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'format-patch wraps extremely long from-header (rfc822)' '
+	check_author "Foo.Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar"
+'
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+From: =?UTF-8?q?Fo=C3=B6=20Bar=20Foo=20Bar=20Foo=20Bar=20Foo=20Bar=20Foo?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=20Bar=20Foo=20Bar=20Foo=20Bar=20Foo=20Bar=20Foo=20Bar=20Foo=20?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?Bar=20Foo=20Bar=20Foo=20Bar=20Foo=20Bar=20Foo=20Bar=20Foo=20Bar?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=20Foo=20Bar=20Foo=20Bar=20Foo=20Bar=20Foo=20Bar=20Foo=20Bar=20?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?Foo=20Bar=20Foo=20Bar?= <author@example.com>
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'format-patch wraps extremely long from-header (rfc2047)' '
+	check_author "Foö Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar"
+'
+
 cat >expect <<'EOF'
 Subject: header with . in it
 EOF
@@ -883,6 +972,268 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+append_signoff()
+{
+	C=$(git commit-tree HEAD^^{tree} -p HEAD) &&
+	git format-patch --stdout --signoff $C^..$C >append_signoff.patch &&
+	sed -n -e "1,/^---$/p" append_signoff.patch |
+		egrep -n "^Subject|Sign|^$"
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: commit with no body' '
+	append_signoff </dev/null >actual &&
+	cat <<\EOF | sed "s/EOL$//" >expected &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] EOL
+8:
+9:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: commit with only subject' '
+	echo subject | append_signoff >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+9:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: commit with only subject that does not end with NL' '
+	printf subject | append_signoff >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+9:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: no existing signoffs' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+body
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+10:
+11:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: no existing signoffs and no trailing NL' '
+	printf "subject\n\nbody" | append_signoff >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+10:
+11:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: some random signoff' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+body
+
+Signed-off-by: my@house
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+10:
+11:Signed-off-by: my@house
+12:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: misc conforming footer elements' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+body
+
+Signed-off-by: my@house
+(cherry picked from commit da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709)
+Tested-by: Some One <someone@example.com>
+Bug: 1234
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+10:
+11:Signed-off-by: my@house
+15:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: some random signoff-alike' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+body
+Fooled-by-me: my@house
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+11:
+12:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: not really a signoff' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+I want to mention about Signed-off-by: here.
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+9:I want to mention about Signed-off-by: here.
+10:
+11:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: not really a signoff (2)' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+My unfortunate
+Signed-off-by: example happens to be wrapped here.
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+10:Signed-off-by: example happens to be wrapped here.
+11:
+12:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: valid S-o-b paragraph in the middle' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+Signed-off-by: my@house
+Signed-off-by: your@house
+
+A lot of houses.
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+9:Signed-off-by: my@house
+10:Signed-off-by: your@house
+11:
+13:
+14:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: the same signoff at the end' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+body
+
+Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+10:
+11:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: the same signoff at the end, no trailing NL' '
+	printf "subject\n\nSigned-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>" |
+		append_signoff >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+9:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: the same signoff NOT at the end' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+body
+
+Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+Signed-off-by: my@house
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+10:
+11:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+12:Signed-off-by: my@house
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: detect garbage in non-conforming footer' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+body
+
+Tested-by: my@house
+Some Trash
+Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+10:
+13:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+14:
+15:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: footer begins with non-signoff without @ sign' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+body
+
+Reviewed-id: Noone
+Tested-by: my@house
+Change-id: Ideadbeef
+Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+Bug: 1234
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+10:
+14:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'format patch ignores color.ui' '
 	test_unconfig color.ui &&
 	git format-patch --stdout -1 >expect &&
@@ -891,4 +1242,79 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'cover letter using branch description (1)' '
+	git checkout rebuild-1 &&
+	test_config branch.rebuild-1.description hello &&
+	git format-patch --stdout --cover-letter master >actual &&
+	grep hello actual >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cover letter using branch description (2)' '
+	git checkout rebuild-1 &&
+	test_config branch.rebuild-1.description hello &&
+	git format-patch --stdout --cover-letter rebuild-1~2..rebuild-1 >actual &&
+	grep hello actual >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cover letter using branch description (3)' '
+	git checkout rebuild-1 &&
+	test_config branch.rebuild-1.description hello &&
+	git format-patch --stdout --cover-letter ^master rebuild-1 >actual &&
+	grep hello actual >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cover letter using branch description (4)' '
+	git checkout rebuild-1 &&
+	test_config branch.rebuild-1.description hello &&
+	git format-patch --stdout --cover-letter master.. >actual &&
+	grep hello actual >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cover letter using branch description (5)' '
+	git checkout rebuild-1 &&
+	test_config branch.rebuild-1.description hello &&
+	git format-patch --stdout --cover-letter -2 HEAD >actual &&
+	grep hello actual >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cover letter using branch description (6)' '
+	git checkout rebuild-1 &&
+	test_config branch.rebuild-1.description hello &&
+	git format-patch --stdout --cover-letter -2 >actual &&
+	grep hello actual >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cover letter with nothing' '
+	git format-patch --stdout --cover-letter >actual &&
+	test_line_count = 0 actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cover letter auto' '
+	mkdir -p tmp &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf tmp;
+		git config --unset format.coverletter" &&
+
+	git config format.coverletter auto &&
+	git format-patch -o tmp -1 >list &&
+	test_line_count = 1 list &&
+	git format-patch -o tmp -2 >list &&
+	test_line_count = 3 list
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cover letter auto user override' '
+	mkdir -p tmp &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf tmp;
+		git config --unset format.coverletter" &&
+
+	git config format.coverletter auto &&
+	git format-patch -o tmp --cover-letter -1 >list &&
+	test_line_count = 2 list &&
+	git format-patch -o tmp --cover-letter -2 >list &&
+	test_line_count = 3 list &&
+	git format-patch -o tmp --no-cover-letter -1 >list &&
+	test_line_count = 1 list &&
+	git format-patch -o tmp --no-cover-letter -2 >list &&
+	test_line_count = 2 list
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4016-diff-quote.sh b/t/t4016-diff-quote.sh
index 97b8177..cd543ec 100755
--- a/t/t4016-diff-quote.sh
+++ b/t/t4016-diff-quote.sh
@@ -13,14 +13,12 @@
 P2='pathname with SP'
 P3='pathname
 with LF'
-if : 2>/dev/null >"$P1" && test -f "$P1" && rm -f "$P1"
-then
-	test_set_prereq TABS_IN_FILENAMES
-else
-	say 'Your filesystem does not allow tabs in filenames'
-fi
+echo 2>/dev/null >"$P1" && test -f "$P1" && rm -f "$P1" || {
+	skip_all='Your filesystem does not allow tabs in filenames'
+	test_done
+}
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES setup '
+test_expect_success setup '
 	echo P0.0 >"$P0.0" &&
 	echo P0.1 >"$P0.1" &&
 	echo P0.2 >"$P0.2" &&
@@ -40,7 +38,7 @@
 	:
 '
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'setup expected files' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expected files' '
 cat >expect <<\EOF
  rename pathname.1 => "Rpathname\twith HT.0" (100%)
  rename pathname.3 => "Rpathname\nwith LF.0" (100%)
@@ -52,12 +50,12 @@
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'git diff --summary -M HEAD' '
+test_expect_success 'git diff --summary -M HEAD' '
 	git diff --summary -M HEAD >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'git diff --numstat -M HEAD' '
+test_expect_success 'git diff --numstat -M HEAD' '
 	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
 	0	0	pathname.1 => "Rpathname\twith HT.0"
 	0	0	pathname.3 => "Rpathname\nwith LF.0"
@@ -71,7 +69,7 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'git diff --stat -M HEAD' '
+test_expect_success 'git diff --stat -M HEAD' '
 	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
 	 pathname.1 => "Rpathname\twith HT.0"            | 0
 	 pathname.3 => "Rpathname\nwith LF.0"            | 0
diff --git a/t/t4018-diff-funcname.sh b/t/t4018-diff-funcname.sh
index 4bd2a1c..38a092a 100755
--- a/t/t4018-diff-funcname.sh
+++ b/t/t4018-diff-funcname.sh
@@ -93,11 +93,6 @@
 	s/song;/song();/
 ' <Beer.perl >Beer-correct.perl
 
-test_config () {
-	git config "$1" "$2" &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset $1"
-}
-
 test_expect_funcname () {
 	lang=${2-java}
 	test_expect_code 1 git diff --no-index -U1 \
@@ -105,7 +100,7 @@
 	grep "^@@.*@@ $1" diff
 }
 
-for p in bibtex cpp csharp fortran html java matlab objc pascal perl php python ruby tex
+for p in ada bibtex cpp csharp fortran html java matlab objc pascal perl php python ruby tex
 do
 	test_expect_success "builtin $p pattern compiles" '
 		echo "*.java diff=$p" >.gitattributes &&
diff --git a/t/t4020-diff-external.sh b/t/t4020-diff-external.sh
index 083f62d..2e7d73f 100755
--- a/t/t4020-diff-external.sh
+++ b/t/t4020-diff-external.sh
@@ -48,7 +48,53 @@
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'typechange diff' '
+	rm -f file &&
+	ln -s elif file &&
+	GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF=echo git diff  | {
+		read path oldfile oldhex oldmode newfile newhex newmode &&
+		test "z$path" = zfile &&
+		test "z$oldmode" = z100644 &&
+		test "z$newhex" = "z$_z40" &&
+		test "z$newmode" = z120000 &&
+		oh=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD:file) &&
+		test "z$oh" = "z$oldhex"
+	} &&
+	GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF=echo git diff --no-ext-diff >actual &&
+	git diff >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff.external' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	echo third >file &&
+	test_config diff.external echo &&
+	git diff | {
+		read path oldfile oldhex oldmode newfile newhex newmode &&
+		test "z$path" = zfile &&
+		test "z$oldmode" = z100644 &&
+		test "z$newhex" = "z$_z40" &&
+		test "z$newmode" = z100644 &&
+		oh=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD:file) &&
+		test "z$oh" = "z$oldhex"
+	}
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff.external should apply only to diff' '
+	test_config diff.external echo &&
+	git log -p -1 HEAD |
+	grep "^diff --git a/file b/file"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff.external and --no-ext-diff' '
+	test_config diff.external echo &&
+	git diff --no-ext-diff |
+	grep "^diff --git a/file b/file"
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'diff attribute' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	echo third >file &&
 
 	git config diff.parrot.command echo &&
 
@@ -113,12 +159,25 @@
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF trumps diff.external' '
+	>.gitattributes &&
+	test_config diff.external "echo ext-global" &&
+	GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF="echo ext-env" git diff | grep ext-env
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'attributes trump GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF and diff.external' '
+	test_config diff.foo.command "echo ext-attribute" &&
+	test_config diff.external "echo ext-global" &&
+	echo "file diff=foo" >.gitattributes &&
+	GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF="echo ext-env" git diff | grep ext-attribute
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'no diff with -diff' '
 	echo >.gitattributes "file -diff" &&
 	git diff | grep Binary
 '
 
-echo NULZbetweenZwords | perl -pe 'y/Z/\000/' > file
+echo NULZbetweenZwords | "$PERL_PATH" -pe 'y/Z/\000/' > file
 
 test_expect_success 'force diff with "diff"' '
 	echo >.gitattributes "file diff" &&
diff --git a/t/t4022-diff-rewrite.sh b/t/t4022-diff-rewrite.sh
index c00a94b..2d030a4 100755
--- a/t/t4022-diff-rewrite.sh
+++ b/t/t4022-diff-rewrite.sh
@@ -66,5 +66,35 @@
 	grep -v "Linus Torvalds" actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'prepare a file that ends with an incomplete line' '
+	test_seq 1 99 >seq &&
+	printf 100 >>seq &&
+	git add seq &&
+	git commit seq -m seq
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rewrite the middle 90% of sequence file and terminate with newline' '
+	test_seq 1 5 >seq &&
+	test_seq 9331 9420 >>seq &&
+	test_seq 96 100 >>seq
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'confirm that sequence file is considered a rewrite' '
+	git diff -B seq >res &&
+	grep "dissimilarity index" res
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no newline at eof is on its own line without -B' '
+	git diff seq >res &&
+	grep "^\\\\ " res &&
+	! grep "^..*\\\\ " res
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no newline at eof is on its own line with -B' '
+	git diff -B seq >res &&
+	grep "^\\\\ " res &&
+	! grep "^..*\\\\ " res
+'
+
 test_done
 
diff --git a/t/t4029-diff-trailing-space.sh b/t/t4029-diff-trailing-space.sh
index 3ccc237..36e2f07 100755
--- a/t/t4029-diff-trailing-space.sh
+++ b/t/t4029-diff-trailing-space.sh
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
      git config --bool diff.suppressBlankEmpty true &&
      git diff f > actual &&
      test_cmp exp actual &&
-     perl -i.bak -p -e "s/^\$/ /" exp &&
+     "$PERL_PATH" -i.bak -p -e "s/^\$/ /" exp &&
      git config --bool diff.suppressBlankEmpty false &&
      git diff f > actual &&
      test_cmp exp actual &&
diff --git a/t/t4030-diff-textconv.sh b/t/t4030-diff-textconv.sh
index d4ab4f2..53ec330 100755
--- a/t/t4030-diff-textconv.sh
+++ b/t/t4030-diff-textconv.sh
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 
 cat >hexdump <<'EOF'
 #!/bin/sh
-perl -e '$/ = undef; $_ = <>; s/./ord($&)/ge; print $_' < "$1"
+"$PERL_PATH" -e '$/ = undef; $_ = <>; s/./ord($&)/ge; print $_' < "$1"
 EOF
 chmod +x hexdump
 
@@ -84,6 +84,30 @@
 	git reset --soft HEAD@{1}
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'grep-diff (-G) operates on textconv data (add)' '
+	echo one >expect &&
+	git log --root --format=%s -G0 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'grep-diff (-G) operates on textconv data (modification)' '
+	echo two >expect &&
+	git log --root --format=%s -G1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pickaxe (-S) operates on textconv data (add)' '
+	echo one >expect &&
+	git log --root --format=%s -S0 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pickaxe (-S) operates on textconv data (modification)' '
+	echo two >expect &&
+	git log --root --format=%s -S1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 cat >expect.stat <<'EOF'
  file | Bin 2 -> 4 bytes
  1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
diff --git a/t/t4031-diff-rewrite-binary.sh b/t/t4031-diff-rewrite-binary.sh
index c8296fa..eacc669 100755
--- a/t/t4031-diff-rewrite-binary.sh
+++ b/t/t4031-diff-rewrite-binary.sh
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
 {
 	echo "#!$SHELL_PATH"
 	cat <<'EOF'
-perl -e '$/ = undef; $_ = <>; s/./ord($&)/ge; print $_' < "$1"
+"$PERL_PATH" -e '$/ = undef; $_ = <>; s/./ord($&)/ge; print $_' < "$1"
 EOF
 } >dump
 chmod +x dump
diff --git a/t/t4034-diff-words.sh b/t/t4034-diff-words.sh
index 30d42cb..f2f55fc 100755
--- a/t/t4034-diff-words.sh
+++ b/t/t4034-diff-words.sh
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'setup: remove diff driver regex' '
-	test_might_fail git config --unset diff.testdriver.wordRegex
+	test_unconfig diff.testdriver.wordRegex
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'use configured regex' '
@@ -298,6 +298,7 @@
 	test_unconfig diff.wordregex
 '
 
+test_language_driver ada
 test_language_driver bibtex
 test_language_driver cpp
 test_language_driver csharp
@@ -334,8 +335,7 @@
 
 	c
 	EOF
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset diff.suppress-blank-empty" &&
-	git config diff.suppress-blank-empty true &&
+	test_config diff.suppress-blank-empty true &&
 	word_diff --word-diff=plain
 '
 
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'wordRegex for the first file does not apply to the second' '
 	echo "*.tex diff=tex" >.gitattributes &&
-	git config diff.tex.wordRegex "[a-z]+|." &&
+	test_config diff.tex.wordRegex "[a-z]+|." &&
 	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
 		diff --git a/a.tex b/a.tex
 		--- a/a.tex
diff --git a/t/t4034/ada/expect b/t/t4034/ada/expect
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..be2376e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4034/ada/expect
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+<BOLD>diff --git a/pre b/post<RESET>
+<BOLD>index d96fdd1..df21bb0 100644<RESET>
+<BOLD>--- a/pre<RESET>
+<BOLD>+++ b/post<RESET>
+<CYAN>@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@<RESET>
+Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line("Hello World<RED>!<RESET><GREEN>?<RESET>");
+1 1e<RED>-<RESET>10 16#FE12#E2 3.141_592 '<RED>x<RESET><GREEN>y<RESET>'
+<RED>a<RESET><GREEN>x<RESET>+<RED>b a<RESET><GREEN>y x<RESET>-<RED>b<RESET>
+<RED>a<RESET><GREEN>y<RESET>
+<GREEN>x<RESET>*<RED>b a<RESET><GREEN>y x<RESET>/<RED>b<RESET>
+<RED>a<RESET><GREEN>y<RESET>
+<GREEN>x<RESET>**<RED>b<RESET>
+<RED>a<RESET><GREEN>y<RESET>
+<GREEN>x<RESET>(<RED>b<RESET><GREEN>y<RESET>)
+<RED>a<RESET><GREEN>x<RESET>:=<RED>b<RESET>
+<RED>a<RESET><GREEN>y<RESET>
+<GREEN>x<RESET>=<RED>b a<RESET><GREEN>y x<RESET>/= <RED>b<RESET>
+<RED>a<RESET><GREEN>y<RESET>
+<GREEN>x<RESET><<RED>b a<RESET><GREEN>y x<RESET><=<RED>b a<RESET><GREEN>y x<RESET>><RED>b a<RESET><GREEN>y x<RESET>>=<RED>b<RESET>
+<RED>a<RESET><GREEN>y<RESET>
+<GREEN>x<RESET>,<RED>b<RESET>
+<RED>a<RESET><GREEN>y<RESET>
+<GREEN>x<RESET>=><RED>b<RESET>
+<RED>a<RESET><GREEN>y<RESET>
+<GREEN>x<RESET>..<RED>b<RESET>
+<RED>a<RESET><GREEN>y<RESET>
+<GREEN>x<RESET><><RED>b<RESET><GREEN>y<RESET>
diff --git a/t/t4034/ada/post b/t/t4034/ada/post
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..df21bb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4034/ada/post
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line("Hello World?");
+1 1e10 16#FE12#E2 3.141_592 'y'
+x+y x-y
+x*y x/y
+x**y
+x(y)
+x:=y
+x=y x/= y
+x<y x<=y x>y x>=y
+x,y
+x=>y
+x..y
+x<>y
diff --git a/t/t4034/ada/pre b/t/t4034/ada/pre
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d96fdd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4034/ada/pre
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line("Hello World!");
+1 1e-10 16#FE12#E2 3.141_592 'x'
+a+b a-b
+a*b a/b
+a**b
+a(b)
+a:=b
+a=b a/= b
+a<b a<=b a>b a>=b
+a,b
+a=>b
+a..b
+a<>b
diff --git a/t/t4035-diff-quiet.sh b/t/t4035-diff-quiet.sh
index cdb9202..231412d 100755
--- a/t/t4035-diff-quiet.sh
+++ b/t/t4035-diff-quiet.sh
@@ -10,7 +10,22 @@
 	git commit -m first &&
 	echo 2 >b &&
 	git add . &&
-	git commit -a -m second
+	git commit -a -m second &&
+	mkdir -p test-outside/repo && (
+		cd test-outside/repo &&
+		git init &&
+		echo "1 1" >a &&
+		git add . &&
+		git commit -m 1
+	) &&
+	mkdir -p test-outside/non/git && (
+		cd test-outside/non/git &&
+		echo "1 1" >a &&
+		echo "1 1" >matching-file &&
+		echo "1 1 " >trailing-space &&
+		echo "1   1" >extra-space &&
+		echo "2" >never-match
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git diff-tree HEAD^ HEAD' '
@@ -77,4 +92,60 @@
 	}
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git diff, one file outside repo' '
+	(
+		cd test-outside/repo &&
+		test_expect_code 0 git diff --quiet a ../non/git/matching-file &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git diff --quiet a ../non/git/extra-space
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff, both files outside repo' '
+	(
+		GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/test-outside" &&
+		export GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES &&
+		cd test-outside/non/git &&
+		test_expect_code 0 git diff --quiet a matching-file &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git diff --quiet a extra-space
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff --ignore-space-at-eol, one file outside repo' '
+	(
+		cd test-outside/repo &&
+		test_expect_code 0 git diff --quiet --ignore-space-at-eol a ../non/git/trailing-space &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git diff --quiet --ignore-space-at-eol a ../non/git/extra-space
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff --ignore-space-at-eol, both files outside repo' '
+	(
+		GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/test-outside" &&
+		export GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES &&
+		cd test-outside/non/git &&
+		test_expect_code 0 git diff --quiet --ignore-space-at-eol a trailing-space &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git diff --quiet --ignore-space-at-eol a extra-space
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff --ignore-all-space, one file outside repo' '
+	(
+		cd test-outside/repo &&
+		test_expect_code 0 git diff --quiet --ignore-all-space a ../non/git/trailing-space &&
+		test_expect_code 0 git diff --quiet --ignore-all-space a ../non/git/extra-space &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git diff --quiet --ignore-all-space a ../non/git/never-match
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff --ignore-all-space, both files outside repo' '
+	(
+		GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/test-outside" &&
+		export GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES &&
+		cd test-outside/non/git &&
+		test_expect_code 0 git diff --quiet --ignore-all-space a trailing-space &&
+		test_expect_code 0 git diff --quiet --ignore-all-space a extra-space &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git diff --quiet --ignore-all-space a never-match
+	)
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4038-diff-combined.sh b/t/t4038-diff-combined.sh
index 40277c7..1019d7b 100755
--- a/t/t4038-diff-combined.sh
+++ b/t/t4038-diff-combined.sh
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 test_description='combined diff'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/diff-lib.sh
 
 setup_helper () {
 	one=$1 branch=$2 side=$3 &&
@@ -89,4 +90,315 @@
 	grep "diff --cc file" out
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'setup for --cc --raw' '
+	blob=$(echo file | git hash-object --stdin -w) &&
+	base_tree=$(echo "100644 blob $blob	file" | git mktree) &&
+	trees= &&
+	for i in `test_seq 1 40`
+	do
+		blob=$(echo file$i | git hash-object --stdin -w) &&
+		trees="$trees$(echo "100644 blob $blob	file" | git mktree)$LF"
+	done
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check --cc --raw with four trees' '
+	four_trees=$(echo "$trees" | sed -e 4q) &&
+	git diff --cc --raw $four_trees $base_tree >out &&
+	# Check for four leading colons in the output:
+	grep "^::::[^:]" out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check --cc --raw with forty trees' '
+	git diff --cc --raw $trees $base_tree >out &&
+	# Check for forty leading colons in the output:
+	grep "^::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::[^:]" out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup combined ignore spaces' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	>test &&
+	git add test &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >test &&
+	always coalesce
+	eol space coalesce Q
+	space  change coalesce
+	all spa ces coalesce
+	eol spaces Q
+	space  change
+	all spa ces
+	EOF
+	git commit -m "test space change" -a &&
+
+	git checkout -b side HEAD^ &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >test &&
+	always coalesce
+	eol space coalesce
+	space change coalesce
+	all spaces coalesce
+	eol spaces
+	space change
+	all spaces
+	EOF
+	git commit -m "test other space changes" -a &&
+
+	test_must_fail git merge master &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >test &&
+	eol spaces Q
+	space  change
+	all spa ces
+	EOF
+	git commit -m merged -a
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check combined output (no ignore space)' '
+	git show >actual.tmp &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@@/d" < actual.tmp >actual &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	--always coalesce
+	- eol space coalesce
+	- space change coalesce
+	- all spaces coalesce
+	- eol spaces
+	- space change
+	- all spaces
+	 -eol space coalesce Q
+	 -space  change coalesce
+	 -all spa ces coalesce
+	+ eol spaces Q
+	+ space  change
+	+ all spa ces
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check combined output (ignore space at eol)' '
+	git show --ignore-space-at-eol >actual.tmp &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@@/d" < actual.tmp >actual &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	--always coalesce
+	--eol space coalesce
+	- space change coalesce
+	- all spaces coalesce
+	 -space  change coalesce
+	 -all spa ces coalesce
+	  eol spaces Q
+	- space change
+	- all spaces
+	+ space  change
+	+ all spa ces
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check combined output (ignore space change)' '
+	git show -b >actual.tmp &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@@/d" < actual.tmp >actual &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	--always coalesce
+	--eol space coalesce
+	--space change coalesce
+	- all spaces coalesce
+	 -all spa ces coalesce
+	  eol spaces Q
+	  space  change
+	- all spaces
+	+ all spa ces
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check combined output (ignore all spaces)' '
+	git show -w >actual.tmp &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@@/d" < actual.tmp >actual &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	--always coalesce
+	--eol space coalesce
+	--space change coalesce
+	--all spaces coalesce
+	  eol spaces Q
+	  space  change
+	  all spa ces
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'combine diff coalesce simple' '
+	>test &&
+	git add test &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	test_seq 4 >test &&
+	git commit -a -m empty1 &&
+	git branch side1 &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	test_seq 5 >test &&
+	git commit -a -m empty2 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge side1 &&
+	>test &&
+	git commit -a -m merge &&
+	git show >actual.tmp &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@@/d" < actual.tmp >actual &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	--1
+	--2
+	--3
+	--4
+	- 5
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'combine diff coalesce tricky' '
+	>test &&
+	git add test &&
+	git commit -m initial --allow-empty &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >test &&
+	3
+	1
+	2
+	3
+	4
+	EOF
+	git commit -a -m empty1 &&
+	git branch -f side1 &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >test &&
+	1
+	3
+	5
+	4
+	EOF
+	git commit -a -m empty2 &&
+	git branch -f side2 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge side1 &&
+	>test &&
+	git commit -a -m merge &&
+	git show >actual.tmp &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@@/d" < actual.tmp >actual &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	 -3
+	--1
+	 -2
+	--3
+	- 5
+	--4
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual &&
+	git checkout -f side1 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge side2 &&
+	>test &&
+	git commit -a -m merge &&
+	git show >actual.tmp &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@@/d" < actual.tmp >actual &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	- 3
+	--1
+	- 2
+	--3
+	 -5
+	--4
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'combine diff coalesce three parents' '
+	>test &&
+	git add test &&
+	git commit -m initial --allow-empty &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >test &&
+	3
+	1
+	2
+	3
+	4
+	EOF
+	git commit -a -m empty1 &&
+	git checkout -B side1 &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >test &&
+	1
+	3
+	7
+	5
+	4
+	EOF
+	git commit -a -m empty2 &&
+	git branch -f side2 &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >test &&
+	3
+	1
+	6
+	5
+	4
+	EOF
+	git commit -a -m empty3 &&
+	>test &&
+	git add test &&
+	TREE=$(git write-tree) &&
+	COMMIT=$(git commit-tree -p HEAD -p side1 -p side2 -m merge $TREE) &&
+	git show $COMMIT >actual.tmp &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@@/d" < actual.tmp >actual &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	-- 3
+	---1
+	-  6
+	 - 2
+	 --3
+	  -7
+	- -5
+	---4
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual
+'
+
+# Test for a bug reported at
+# http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/224410
+# where a delete lines were missing from combined diff output when they
+# occurred exactly before the context lines of a later change.
+test_expect_success 'combine diff missing delete bug' '
+	git commit -m initial --allow-empty &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >test &&
+	1
+	2
+	3
+	4
+	EOF
+	git add test &&
+	git commit -a -m side1 &&
+	git checkout -B side1 &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >test &&
+	0
+	1
+	2
+	3
+	4modified
+	EOF
+	git add test &&
+	git commit -m side2 &&
+	git branch -f side2 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge --no-commit side1 &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >test &&
+	1
+	2
+	3
+	4modified
+	EOF
+	git add test &&
+	git commit -a -m merge &&
+	git diff-tree -c -p HEAD >actual.tmp &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@@/d" < actual.tmp >actual &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	- 0
+	  1
+	  2
+	  3
+	 -4
+	 +4modified
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4041-diff-submodule-option.sh b/t/t4041-diff-submodule-option.sh
index 6c01d0c..32d4a60 100755
--- a/t/t4041-diff-submodule-option.sh
+++ b/t/t4041-diff-submodule-option.sh
@@ -11,18 +11,18 @@
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 add_file () {
-	sm=$1
-	shift
-	owd=$(pwd)
-	cd "$sm"
-	for name; do
-		echo "$name" > "$name" &&
-		git add "$name" &&
-		test_tick &&
-		git commit -m "Add $name"
-	done >/dev/null
-	git rev-parse --verify HEAD | cut -c1-7
-	cd "$owd"
+	(
+		cd "$1" &&
+		shift &&
+		for name
+		do
+			echo "$name" >"$name" &&
+			git add "$name" &&
+			test_tick &&
+			git commit -m "Add $name" || exit
+		done >/dev/null &&
+		git rev-parse --short --verify HEAD
+	)
 }
 commit_file () {
 	test_tick &&
@@ -33,92 +33,133 @@
 add_file . foo >/dev/null
 
 head1=$(add_file sm1 foo1 foo2)
+fullhead1=$(cd sm1; git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
 
-test_expect_success 'added submodule' "
+test_expect_success 'added submodule' '
 	git add sm1 &&
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 0000000...$head1 (new submodule)
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 0000000...$head1 (new submodule)
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'added submodule, set diff.submodule' '
+	git config diff.submodule log &&
+	git add sm1 &&
+	git diff --cached >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	Submodule sm1 0000000...$head1 (new submodule)
+	EOF
+	git config --unset diff.submodule &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--submodule=short overrides diff.submodule' '
+	test_config diff.submodule log &&
+	git add sm1 &&
+	git diff --submodule=short --cached >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
+	new file mode 160000
+	index 0000000..$head1
+	--- /dev/null
+	+++ b/sm1
+	@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+	+Subproject commit $fullhead1
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff.submodule does not affect plumbing' '
+	test_config diff.submodule log &&
+	git diff-index -p HEAD >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
+	new file mode 160000
+	index 0000000..$head1
+	--- /dev/null
+	+++ b/sm1
+	@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+	+Subproject commit $fullhead1
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
 
 commit_file sm1 &&
 head2=$(add_file sm1 foo3)
 
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule(forward)' "
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule(forward)' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head1..$head2:
-  > Add foo3
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head1..$head2:
+	  > Add foo3
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule(forward)' "
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule(forward)' '
 	git diff --submodule=log >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head1..$head2:
-  > Add foo3
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head1..$head2:
+	  > Add foo3
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule(forward) --submodule' "
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule(forward) --submodule' '
 	git diff --submodule >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head1..$head2:
-  > Add foo3
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head1..$head2:
+	  > Add foo3
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-fullhead1=$(cd sm1; git rev-list --max-count=1 $head1)
-fullhead2=$(cd sm1; git rev-list --max-count=1 $head2)
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule(forward) --submodule=short' "
+fullhead2=$(cd sm1; git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule(forward) --submodule=short' '
 	git diff --submodule=short >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
-index $head1..$head2 160000
---- a/sm1
-+++ b/sm1
-@@ -1 +1 @@
--Subproject commit $fullhead1
-+Subproject commit $fullhead2
-EOF
+	diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
+	index $head1..$head2 160000
+	--- a/sm1
+	+++ b/sm1
+	@@ -1 +1 @@
+	-Subproject commit $fullhead1
+	+Subproject commit $fullhead2
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
 commit_file sm1 &&
 head3=$(
 	cd sm1 &&
 	git reset --hard HEAD~2 >/dev/null &&
-	git rev-parse --verify HEAD | cut -c1-7
+	git rev-parse --short --verify HEAD
 )
 
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule(backward)' "
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule(backward)' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head2..$head3 (rewind):
-  < Add foo3
-  < Add foo2
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head2..$head3 (rewind):
+	  < Add foo3
+	  < Add foo2
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-head4=$(add_file sm1 foo4 foo5) &&
-head4_full=$(GIT_DIR=sm1/.git git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule(backward and forward)' "
+head4=$(add_file sm1 foo4 foo5)
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule(backward and forward)' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head2...$head4:
-  > Add foo5
-  > Add foo4
-  < Add foo3
-  < Add foo2
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head2...$head4:
+	  > Add foo5
+	  > Add foo4
+	  < Add foo3
+	  < Add foo2
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
 commit_file sm1 &&
 mv sm1 sm1-bak &&
@@ -128,319 +169,319 @@
 rm -f sm1 &&
 mv sm1-bak sm1
 
-test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(submodule->blob), --cached' "
+test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(submodule->blob), --cached' '
 	git diff --submodule=log --cached >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 41fbea9...0000000 (submodule deleted)
-diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
-new file mode 100644
-index 0000000..9da5fb8
---- /dev/null
-+++ b/sm1
-@@ -0,0 +1 @@
-+sm1
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head4...0000000 (submodule deleted)
+	diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
+	new file mode 100644
+	index 0000000..$head5
+	--- /dev/null
+	+++ b/sm1
+	@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+	+sm1
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(submodule->blob)' "
+test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(submodule->blob)' '
 	git diff --submodule=log >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
-deleted file mode 100644
-index 9da5fb8..0000000
---- a/sm1
-+++ /dev/null
-@@ -1 +0,0 @@
--sm1
-Submodule sm1 0000000...$head4 (new submodule)
-EOF
+	diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
+	deleted file mode 100644
+	index $head5..0000000
+	--- a/sm1
+	+++ /dev/null
+	@@ -1 +0,0 @@
+	-sm1
+	Submodule sm1 0000000...$head4 (new submodule)
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
 rm -rf sm1 &&
 git checkout-index sm1
-test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(submodule->blob)' "
+test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(submodule->blob)' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head4...0000000 (submodule deleted)
-diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
-new file mode 100644
-index 0000000..$head5
---- /dev/null
-+++ b/sm1
-@@ -0,0 +1 @@
-+sm1
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head4...0000000 (submodule deleted)
+	diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
+	new file mode 100644
+	index 0000000..$head5
+	--- /dev/null
+	+++ b/sm1
+	@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+	+sm1
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
 rm -f sm1 &&
 test_create_repo sm1 &&
 head6=$(add_file sm1 foo6 foo7)
-fullhead6=$(cd sm1; git rev-list --max-count=1 $head6)
-test_expect_success 'nonexistent commit' "
+fullhead6=$(cd sm1; git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
+test_expect_success 'nonexistent commit' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head4...$head6 (commits not present)
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head4...$head6 (commits not present)
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
 commit_file
-test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(blob->submodule)' "
+test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(blob->submodule)' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
-deleted file mode 100644
-index $head5..0000000
---- a/sm1
-+++ /dev/null
-@@ -1 +0,0 @@
--sm1
-Submodule sm1 0000000...$head6 (new submodule)
-EOF
+	diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
+	deleted file mode 100644
+	index $head5..0000000
+	--- a/sm1
+	+++ /dev/null
+	@@ -1 +0,0 @@
+	-sm1
+	Submodule sm1 0000000...$head6 (new submodule)
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
 commit_file sm1 &&
-test_expect_success 'submodule is up to date' "
+test_expect_success 'submodule is up to date' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-EOF
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked content' "
+test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked content' '
 	echo new > sm1/new-file &&
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 contains untracked content
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 contains untracked content
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked content (untracked ignored)' "
+test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked content (untracked ignored)' '
 	git diff-index -p --ignore-submodules=untracked --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	! test -s actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked content (dirty ignored)' "
+test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked content (dirty ignored)' '
 	git diff-index -p --ignore-submodules=dirty --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	! test -s actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked content (all ignored)' "
+test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked content (all ignored)' '
 	git diff-index -p --ignore-submodules=all --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	! test -s actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked and modifed content' "
+test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked and modifed content' '
 	echo new > sm1/foo6 &&
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 contains untracked content
-Submodule sm1 contains modified content
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 contains untracked content
+	Submodule sm1 contains modified content
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked and modifed content (untracked ignored)' "
+test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked and modifed content (untracked ignored)' '
 	echo new > sm1/foo6 &&
 	git diff-index -p --ignore-submodules=untracked --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 contains modified content
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 contains modified content
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked and modifed content (dirty ignored)' "
+test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked and modifed content (dirty ignored)' '
 	echo new > sm1/foo6 &&
 	git diff-index -p --ignore-submodules=dirty --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	! test -s actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked and modifed content (all ignored)' "
+test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked and modifed content (all ignored)' '
 	echo new > sm1/foo6 &&
 	git diff-index -p --ignore-submodules --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	! test -s actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'submodule contains modifed content' "
+test_expect_success 'submodule contains modifed content' '
 	rm -f sm1/new-file &&
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 contains modified content
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 contains modified content
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
 (cd sm1; git commit -mchange foo6 >/dev/null) &&
-head8=$(cd sm1; git rev-parse --verify HEAD | cut -c1-7) &&
-test_expect_success 'submodule is modified' "
+head8=$(cd sm1; git rev-parse --short --verify HEAD) &&
+test_expect_success 'submodule is modified' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
-  > change
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
+	  > change
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked content' "
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked content' '
 	echo new > sm1/new-file &&
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 contains untracked content
-Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
-  > change
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 contains untracked content
+	Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
+	  > change
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked content (untracked ignored)' "
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked content (untracked ignored)' '
 	git diff-index -p --ignore-submodules=untracked --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
-  > change
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
+	  > change
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked content (dirty ignored)' "
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked content (dirty ignored)' '
 	git diff-index -p --ignore-submodules=dirty --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
-  > change
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
+	  > change
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked content (all ignored)' "
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked content (all ignored)' '
 	git diff-index -p --ignore-submodules=all --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	! test -s actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked and modifed content' "
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked and modifed content' '
 	echo modification >> sm1/foo6 &&
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 contains untracked content
-Submodule sm1 contains modified content
-Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
-  > change
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 contains untracked content
+	Submodule sm1 contains modified content
+	Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
+	  > change
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked and modifed content (untracked ignored)' "
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked and modifed content (untracked ignored)' '
 	echo modification >> sm1/foo6 &&
 	git diff-index -p --ignore-submodules=untracked --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 contains modified content
-Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
-  > change
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 contains modified content
+	Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
+	  > change
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked and modifed content (dirty ignored)' "
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked and modifed content (dirty ignored)' '
 	echo modification >> sm1/foo6 &&
 	git diff-index -p --ignore-submodules=dirty --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
-  > change
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
+	  > change
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked and modifed content (all ignored)' "
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked and modifed content (all ignored)' '
 	echo modification >> sm1/foo6 &&
 	git diff-index -p --ignore-submodules --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	! test -s actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains modifed content' "
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains modifed content' '
 	rm -f sm1/new-file &&
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 contains modified content
-Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
-  > change
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 contains modified content
+	Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
+	  > change
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
 rm -rf sm1
-test_expect_success 'deleted submodule' "
+test_expect_success 'deleted submodule' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head6...0000000 (submodule deleted)
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head6...0000000 (submodule deleted)
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
 test_create_repo sm2 &&
 head7=$(add_file sm2 foo8 foo9) &&
 git add sm2
 
-test_expect_success 'multiple submodules' "
+test_expect_success 'multiple submodules' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head6...0000000 (submodule deleted)
-Submodule sm2 0000000...$head7 (new submodule)
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head6...0000000 (submodule deleted)
+	Submodule sm2 0000000...$head7 (new submodule)
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'path filter' "
+test_expect_success 'path filter' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD sm2 >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm2 0000000...$head7 (new submodule)
-EOF
+	Submodule sm2 0000000...$head7 (new submodule)
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
 commit_file sm2
-test_expect_success 'given commit' "
+test_expect_success 'given commit' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD^ >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head6...0000000 (submodule deleted)
-Submodule sm2 0000000...$head7 (new submodule)
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head6...0000000 (submodule deleted)
+	Submodule sm2 0000000...$head7 (new submodule)
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'given commit --submodule' "
+test_expect_success 'given commit --submodule' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule HEAD^ >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head6...0000000 (submodule deleted)
-Submodule sm2 0000000...$head7 (new submodule)
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head6...0000000 (submodule deleted)
+	Submodule sm2 0000000...$head7 (new submodule)
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-fullhead7=$(cd sm2; git rev-list --max-count=1 $head7)
+fullhead7=$(cd sm2; git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
 
-test_expect_success 'given commit --submodule=short' "
+test_expect_success 'given commit --submodule=short' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=short HEAD^ >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
-deleted file mode 160000
-index $head6..0000000
---- a/sm1
-+++ /dev/null
-@@ -1 +0,0 @@
--Subproject commit $fullhead6
-diff --git a/sm2 b/sm2
-new file mode 160000
-index 0000000..$head7
---- /dev/null
-+++ b/sm2
-@@ -0,0 +1 @@
-+Subproject commit $fullhead7
-EOF
+	diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
+	deleted file mode 160000
+	index $head6..0000000
+	--- a/sm1
+	+++ /dev/null
+	@@ -1 +0,0 @@
+	-Subproject commit $fullhead6
+	diff --git a/sm2 b/sm2
+	new file mode 160000
+	index 0000000..$head7
+	--- /dev/null
+	+++ b/sm2
+	@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+	+Subproject commit $fullhead7
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'setup .git file for sm2' '
 	(cd sm2 &&
@@ -452,9 +493,9 @@
 test_expect_success 'diff --submodule with .git file' '
 	git diff --submodule HEAD^ >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head6...0000000 (submodule deleted)
-Submodule sm2 0000000...$head7 (new submodule)
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head6...0000000 (submodule deleted)
+	Submodule sm2 0000000...$head7 (new submodule)
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t4042-diff-textconv-caching.sh b/t/t4042-diff-textconv-caching.sh
index 91f8198..04a44d5 100755
--- a/t/t4042-diff-textconv-caching.sh
+++ b/t/t4042-diff-textconv-caching.sh
@@ -106,4 +106,12 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+# The point here is to test that we can log the notes cache and still use it to
+# produce a diff later (older versions of git would segfault on this). It's
+# much more likely to come up in the real world with "log --all -p", but using
+# --no-walk lets us reliably reproduce the order of traversal.
+test_expect_success 'log notes cache and still use cache for -p' '
+	git log --no-walk -p refs/notes/textconv/magic HEAD
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4049-diff-stat-count.sh b/t/t4049-diff-stat-count.sh
index b41eb61..5b594e8 100755
--- a/t/t4049-diff-stat-count.sh
+++ b/t/t4049-diff-stat-count.sh
@@ -4,19 +4,62 @@
 test_description='diff --stat-count'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-test_expect_success setup '
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
 	>a &&
 	>b &&
 	>c &&
 	>d &&
 	git add a b c d &&
-	chmod +x c d &&
+	git commit -m initial
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mode-only change show as a 0-line change' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	test_chmod +x b d &&
+	echo a >a &&
+	echo c >c &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF
+	 a | 1 +
+	 b | 0
+	 ...
+	 4 files changed, 2 insertions(+)
+	EOF
+	git diff --stat --stat-count=2 HEAD >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'binary changes do not count in lines' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	echo a >a &&
+	echo c >c &&
+	cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/test-binary-1.png >d &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF
+	 a | 1 +
+	 c | 1 +
+	 ...
+	 3 files changed, 2 insertions(+)
+	EOF
+	git diff --stat --stat-count=2 >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'exclude unmerged entries from total file count' '
+	git reset --hard &&
 	echo a >a &&
 	echo b >b &&
+	git ls-files -s a >x &&
+	git rm -f d &&
+	for stage in 1 2 3
+	do
+		sed -e "s/ 0	a/ $stage	d/" x
+	done |
+	git update-index --index-info &&
+	echo d >d &&
 	cat >expect <<-\EOF
 	 a | 1 +
 	 b | 1 +
-	 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+)
+	 ...
+	 3 files changed, 3 insertions(+)
 	EOF
 	git diff --stat --stat-count=2 >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect actual
diff --git a/t/t4053-diff-no-index.sh b/t/t4053-diff-no-index.sh
index 4dc8c67..979e983 100755
--- a/t/t4053-diff-no-index.sh
+++ b/t/t4053-diff-no-index.sh
@@ -8,7 +8,12 @@
 	mkdir a &&
 	mkdir b &&
 	echo 1 >a/1 &&
-	echo 2 >a/2
+	echo 2 >a/2 &&
+	git init repo &&
+	echo 1 >repo/a &&
+	mkdir -p non/git &&
+	echo 1 >non/git/a &&
+	echo 1 >non/git/b
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git diff --no-index directories' '
@@ -16,4 +21,12 @@
 	test $? = 1 && test_line_count = 14 cnt
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git diff --no-index relative path outside repo' '
+	(
+		cd repo &&
+		test_expect_code 0 git diff --no-index a ../non/git/a &&
+		test_expect_code 0 git diff --no-index ../non/git/a ../non/git/b
+	)
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4054-diff-bogus-tree.sh b/t/t4054-diff-bogus-tree.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0843c87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4054-diff-bogus-tree.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test diff with a bogus tree containing the null sha1'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+empty_tree=4b825dc642cb6eb9a060e54bf8d69288fbee4904
+
+test_expect_success 'create bogus tree' '
+	bogus_tree=$(
+		printf "100644 fooQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ" |
+		q_to_nul |
+		git hash-object -w --stdin -t tree
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create tree with matching file' '
+	echo bar >foo &&
+	git add foo &&
+	good_tree=$(git write-tree)
+	blob=$(git rev-parse :foo)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'raw diff shows null sha1 (addition)' '
+	echo ":000000 100644 $_z40 $_z40 A	foo" >expect &&
+	git diff-tree $empty_tree $bogus_tree >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'raw diff shows null sha1 (removal)' '
+	echo ":100644 000000 $_z40 $_z40 D	foo" >expect &&
+	git diff-tree $bogus_tree $empty_tree >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'raw diff shows null sha1 (modification)' '
+	echo ":100644 100644 $blob $_z40 M	foo" >expect &&
+	git diff-tree $good_tree $bogus_tree >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'raw diff shows null sha1 (other direction)' '
+	echo ":100644 100644 $_z40 $blob M	foo" >expect &&
+	git diff-tree $bogus_tree $good_tree >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'raw diff shows null sha1 (reverse)' '
+	echo ":100644 100644 $_z40 $blob M	foo" >expect &&
+	git diff-tree -R $good_tree $bogus_tree >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'raw diff shows null sha1 (index)' '
+	echo ":100644 100644 $_z40 $blob M	foo" >expect &&
+	git diff-index $bogus_tree >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'patch fails due to bogus sha1 (addition)' '
+	test_must_fail git diff-tree -p $empty_tree $bogus_tree
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'patch fails due to bogus sha1 (removal)' '
+	test_must_fail git diff-tree -p $bogus_tree $empty_tree
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'patch fails due to bogus sha1 (modification)' '
+	test_must_fail git diff-tree -p $good_tree $bogus_tree
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'patch fails due to bogus sha1 (other direction)' '
+	test_must_fail git diff-tree -p $bogus_tree $good_tree
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'patch fails due to bogus sha1 (reverse)' '
+	test_must_fail git diff-tree -R -p $good_tree $bogus_tree
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'patch fails due to bogus sha1 (index)' '
+	test_must_fail git diff-index -p $bogus_tree
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4055-diff-context.sh b/t/t4055-diff-context.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..97172b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4055-diff-context.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Mozilla Foundation
+#
+
+test_description='diff.context configuration'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	cat >template <<-\EOF &&
+	firstline
+	b
+	c
+	d
+	e
+	f
+	preline
+	TARGET
+	postline
+	i
+	j
+	k
+	l
+	m
+	n
+	EOF
+	sed "/TARGET/d" >x <template &&
+	git update-index --add x &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+
+	sed "s/TARGET/ADDED/" >x <template &&
+	git update-index --add x &&
+	git commit -m next &&
+
+	sed "s/TARGET/MODIFIED/" >x <template
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'the default number of context lines is 3' '
+	git diff >output &&
+	! grep "^ d" output &&
+	grep "^ e" output &&
+	grep "^ j" output &&
+	! grep "^ k" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff.context honored by "log"' '
+	git log -1 -p >output &&
+	! grep firstline output &&
+	git config diff.context 8 &&
+	git log -1 -p >output &&
+	grep "^ firstline" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'The -U option overrides diff.context' '
+	git config diff.context 8 &&
+	git log -U4 -1 >output &&
+	! grep "^ firstline" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff.context honored by "diff"' '
+	git config diff.context 8 &&
+	git diff >output &&
+	grep "^ firstline" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'plumbing not affected' '
+	git config diff.context 8 &&
+	git diff-files -p >output &&
+	! grep "^ firstline" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'non-integer config parsing' '
+	git config diff.context no &&
+	test_must_fail git diff 2>output &&
+	test_i18ngrep "bad config value" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'negative integer config parsing' '
+	git config diff.context -1 &&
+	test_must_fail git diff 2>output &&
+	test_i18ngrep "bad config file" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-U0 is valid, so is diff.context=0' '
+	git config diff.context 0 &&
+	git diff >output &&
+	grep "^-ADDED" output &&
+	grep "^+MODIFIED" output
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4103-apply-binary.sh b/t/t4103-apply-binary.sh
index dbbf56c..b1b906b 100755
--- a/t/t4103-apply-binary.sh
+++ b/t/t4103-apply-binary.sh
@@ -8,30 +8,28 @@
 '
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-# setup
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	cat >file1 <<-\EOF &&
+	A quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
+	A tiny little penguin runs around in circles.
+	There is a flag with Linux written on it.
+	A slow black-and-white panda just sits there,
+	munching on his bamboo.
+	EOF
+	cat file1 >file2 &&
+	cat file1 >file4 &&
 
-cat >file1 <<EOF
-A quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
-A tiny little penguin runs around in circles.
-There is a flag with Linux written on it.
-A slow black-and-white panda just sits there,
-munching on his bamboo.
-EOF
-cat file1 >file2
-cat file1 >file4
-
-test_expect_success 'setup' "
 	git update-index --add --remove file1 file2 file4 &&
-	git commit -m 'Initial Version' 2>/dev/null &&
+	git commit -m "Initial Version" 2>/dev/null &&
 
 	git checkout -b binary &&
-	perl -pe 'y/x/\000/' <file1 >file3 &&
+	"$PERL_PATH" -pe "y/x/\000/" <file1 >file3 &&
 	cat file3 >file4 &&
 	git add file2 &&
-	perl -pe 'y/\000/v/' <file3 >file1 &&
+	"$PERL_PATH" -pe "y/\000/v/" <file3 >file1 &&
 	rm -f file2 &&
 	git update-index --add --remove file1 file2 file3 file4 &&
-	git commit -m 'Second Version' &&
+	git commit -m "Second Version" &&
 
 	git diff-tree -p master binary >B.diff &&
 	git diff-tree -p -C master binary >C.diff &&
@@ -42,17 +40,25 @@
 	git diff-tree -p --full-index master binary >B-index.diff &&
 	git diff-tree -p -C --full-index master binary >C-index.diff &&
 
+	git diff-tree -p --binary --no-prefix master binary -- file3 >B0.diff &&
+
 	git init other-repo &&
-	(cd other-repo &&
-	 git fetch .. master &&
-	 git reset --hard FETCH_HEAD
+	(
+		cd other-repo &&
+		git fetch .. master &&
+		git reset --hard FETCH_HEAD
 	)
-"
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'stat binary diff -- should not fail.' \
 	'git checkout master &&
 	 git apply --stat --summary B.diff'
 
+test_expect_success 'stat binary -p0 diff -- should not fail.' '
+	 git checkout master &&
+	 git apply --stat -p0 B0.diff
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'stat binary diff (copy) -- should not fail.' \
 	'git checkout master &&
 	 git apply --stat --summary C.diff'
@@ -143,4 +149,10 @@
 	 git apply --allow-binary-replacement --index CF.diff &&
 	 test -z "$(git diff --name-status binary)"'
 
+test_expect_success 'apply binary -p0 diff' '
+	do_reset &&
+	git apply -p0 --index B0.diff &&
+	test -z "$(git diff --name-status binary -- file3)"
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4108-apply-threeway.sh b/t/t4108-apply-threeway.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..fa5d4ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4108-apply-threeway.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git apply --3way'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+create_file () {
+	for i
+	do
+		echo "$i"
+	done
+}
+
+sanitize_conflicted_diff () {
+	sed -e '
+		/^index /d
+		s/^\(+[<>][<>][<>][<>]*\) .*/\1/
+	'
+}
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	test_tick &&
+	create_file >one 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 &&
+	cat one >two &&
+	git add one two &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+
+	git branch side &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	create_file >one 1 two 3 4 5 six 7 &&
+	create_file >two 1 two 3 4 5 6 7 &&
+	git commit -a -m master &&
+
+	git checkout side &&
+	create_file >one 1 2 3 4 five 6 7 &&
+	create_file >two 1 2 3 4 five 6 7 &&
+	git commit -a -m side &&
+
+	git checkout master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply without --3way' '
+	git diff side^ side >P.diff &&
+
+	# should fail to apply
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout master^0 &&
+	test_must_fail git apply --index P.diff &&
+	# should leave things intact
+	git diff-files --exit-code &&
+	git diff-index --exit-code --cached HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply with --3way' '
+	# Merging side should be similar to applying this patch
+	git diff ...side >P.diff &&
+
+	# The corresponding conflicted merge
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout master^0 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge --no-commit side &&
+	git ls-files -s >expect.ls &&
+	git diff HEAD | sanitize_conflicted_diff >expect.diff &&
+
+	# should fail to apply
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout master^0 &&
+	test_must_fail git apply --index --3way P.diff &&
+	git ls-files -s >actual.ls &&
+	git diff HEAD | sanitize_conflicted_diff >actual.diff &&
+
+	# The result should resemble the corresponding merge
+	test_cmp expect.ls actual.ls &&
+	test_cmp expect.diff actual.diff
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply with --3way with rerere enabled' '
+	git config rerere.enabled true &&
+
+	# Merging side should be similar to applying this patch
+	git diff ...side >P.diff &&
+
+	# The corresponding conflicted merge
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout master^0 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge --no-commit side &&
+
+	# Manually resolve and record the resolution
+	create_file 1 two 3 4 five six 7 >one &&
+	git rerere &&
+	cat one >expect &&
+
+	# should fail to apply
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout master^0 &&
+	test_must_fail git apply --index --3way P.diff &&
+
+	# but rerere should have replayed the recorded resolution
+	test_cmp expect one
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply -3 with add/add conflict setup' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+
+	git checkout -b adder &&
+	create_file 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 >three &&
+	create_file 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 >four &&
+	git add three four &&
+	git commit -m "add three and four" &&
+
+	git checkout -b another adder^ &&
+	create_file 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 >three &&
+	create_file 1 2 3 four 5 6 7 >four &&
+	git add three four &&
+	git commit -m "add three and four" &&
+
+	# Merging another should be similar to applying this patch
+	git diff adder...another >P.diff &&
+
+	git checkout adder^0 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge --no-commit another &&
+	git ls-files -s >expect.ls &&
+	git diff HEAD | sanitize_conflicted_diff >expect.diff
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply -3 with add/add conflict' '
+	# should fail to apply ...
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout adder^0 &&
+	test_must_fail git apply --index --3way P.diff &&
+	# ... and leave conflicts in the index and in the working tree
+	git ls-files -s >actual.ls &&
+	git diff HEAD | sanitize_conflicted_diff >actual.diff &&
+
+	# The result should resemble the corresponding merge
+	test_cmp expect.ls actual.ls &&
+	test_cmp expect.diff actual.diff
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply -3 with add/add conflict (dirty working tree)' '
+	# should fail to apply ...
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout adder^0 &&
+	echo >>four &&
+	cat four >four.save &&
+	cat three >three.save &&
+	git ls-files -s >expect.ls &&
+	test_must_fail git apply --index --3way P.diff &&
+	# ... and should not touch anything
+	git ls-files -s >actual.ls &&
+	test_cmp expect.ls actual.ls &&
+	test_cmp four.save four &&
+	test_cmp three.save three
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4116-apply-reverse.sh b/t/t4116-apply-reverse.sh
index 2298ece..fca8153 100755
--- a/t/t4116-apply-reverse.sh
+++ b/t/t4116-apply-reverse.sh
@@ -12,14 +12,14 @@
 test_expect_success setup '
 
 	for i in a b c d e f g h i j k l m n; do echo $i; done >file1 &&
-	perl -pe "y/ijk/\\000\\001\\002/" <file1 >file2 &&
+	"$PERL_PATH" -pe "y/ijk/\\000\\001\\002/" <file1 >file2 &&
 
 	git add file1 file2 &&
 	git commit -m initial &&
 	git tag initial &&
 
 	for i in a b c g h i J K L m o n p q; do echo $i; done >file1 &&
-	perl -pe "y/mon/\\000\\001\\002/" <file1 >file2 &&
+	"$PERL_PATH" -pe "y/mon/\\000\\001\\002/" <file1 >file2 &&
 
 	git commit -a -m second &&
 	git tag second &&
diff --git a/t/t4117-apply-reject.sh b/t/t4117-apply-reject.sh
index e9ccd16..8e15ecb 100755
--- a/t/t4117-apply-reject.sh
+++ b/t/t4117-apply-reject.sh
@@ -46,6 +46,14 @@
 	cat file1 >saved.file1
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'apply --reject is incompatible with --3way' '
+	test_when_finished "cat saved.file1 >file1" &&
+	git diff >patch.0 &&
+	git checkout file1 &&
+	test_must_fail git apply --reject --3way patch.0 &&
+	git diff --exit-code
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'apply without --reject should fail' '
 
 	if git apply patch.1
diff --git a/t/t4120-apply-popt.sh b/t/t4120-apply-popt.sh
index a33d510..c5fecdf 100755
--- a/t/t4120-apply-popt.sh
+++ b/t/t4120-apply-popt.sh
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'apply with too large -p' '
 	cp file1.saved file1 &&
 	test_must_fail git apply --stat -p3 patch.file 2>err &&
-	grep "removing 3 leading" err
+	test_i18ngrep "removing 3 leading" err
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'apply (-p2) traditional diff with funny filenames' '
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'apply with too large -p and fancy filename' '
 	cp file1.saved file1 &&
 	test_must_fail git apply --stat -p3 patch.escaped 2>err &&
-	grep "removing 3 leading" err
+	test_i18ngrep "removing 3 leading" err
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'apply (-p2) diff, mode change only' '
diff --git a/t/t4124-apply-ws-rule.sh b/t/t4124-apply-ws-rule.sh
index 6f6ee88..5d0c598 100755
--- a/t/t4124-apply-ws-rule.sh
+++ b/t/t4124-apply-ws-rule.sh
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
 	# find touched lines
 	$DIFF file target | sed -n -e "s/^> //p" >fixed
 
-	# the changed lines are all expeced to change
+	# the changed lines are all expected to change
 	fixed_cnt=$(wc -l <fixed)
 	case "$1" in
 	'') expect_cnt=$fixed_cnt ;;
@@ -486,4 +486,30 @@
 	test_cmp one expect
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'whitespace=fix to expand' '
+	qz_to_tab_space >preimage <<-\EOF &&
+	QQa
+	QQb
+	QQc
+	ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZd
+	QQe
+	QQf
+	QQg
+	EOF
+	qz_to_tab_space >patch <<-\EOF &&
+	diff --git a/preimage b/preimage
+	--- a/preimage
+	+++ b/preimage
+	@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
+	 QQa
+	 QQb
+	 QQc
+	-QQd
+	 QQe
+	 QQf
+	 QQg
+	EOF
+	git -c core.whitespace=tab-in-indent apply --whitespace=fix patch
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4133-apply-filenames.sh b/t/t4133-apply-filenames.sh
index 94da990..2ecb421 100755
--- a/t/t4133-apply-filenames.sh
+++ b/t/t4133-apply-filenames.sh
@@ -30,9 +30,9 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'apply diff with inconsistent filenames in headers' '
 	test_must_fail git apply bad1.patch 2>err &&
-	grep "inconsistent new filename" err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "inconsistent new filename" err &&
 	test_must_fail git apply bad2.patch 2>err &&
-	grep "inconsistent old filename" err
+	test_i18ngrep "inconsistent old filename" err
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4150-am.sh b/t/t4150-am.sh
index cdafd7e..12f6b02 100755
--- a/t/t4150-am.sh
+++ b/t/t4150-am.sh
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 	vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum.
 
 	EOF
-	q_to_tab <<-\EOF >>msg &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<-\EOF >>msg &&
 	QDuis autem vel eum iriure dolor in hendrerit in vulputate velit
 	Qesse molestie consequat, vel illum dolore eu feugiat nulla facilisis
 	Qat vero eros et accumsan et iusto odio dignissim qui blandit
diff --git a/t/t4200-rerere.sh b/t/t4200-rerere.sh
index 36255d6..7f6666f 100755
--- a/t/t4200-rerere.sh
+++ b/t/t4200-rerere.sh
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@
 	test_might_fail git config --unset rerere.enabled &&
 	test_must_fail git merge first &&
 
-	sha1=$(perl -pe "s/	.*//" .git/MERGE_RR) &&
+	sha1=$("$PERL_PATH" -pe "s/	.*//" .git/MERGE_RR) &&
 	rr=.git/rr-cache/$sha1 &&
 	grep "^=======\$" $rr/preimage &&
 	! test -f $rr/postimage &&
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@
 	git reset --hard &&
 	test_must_fail git merge first &&
 
-	sha1=$(perl -pe "s/	.*//" .git/MERGE_RR) &&
+	sha1=$("$PERL_PATH" -pe "s/	.*//" .git/MERGE_RR) &&
 	rr=.git/rr-cache/$sha1 &&
 	grep ^=======$ $rr/preimage
 '
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@
 	git config rerere.enabled true &&
 	git reset --hard &&
 	test_must_fail git merge first &&
-	sha1=$(perl -pe "s/	.*//" .git/MERGE_RR) &&
+	sha1=$("$PERL_PATH" -pe "s/	.*//" .git/MERGE_RR) &&
 	rr=.git/rr-cache/$sha1
 '
 
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'rerere clear' '
 	rm $rr/postimage &&
-	echo "$sha1	a1" | perl -pe "y/\012/\000/" >.git/MERGE_RR &&
+	echo "$sha1	a1" | "$PERL_PATH" -pe "y/\012/\000/" >.git/MERGE_RR &&
 	git rerere clear &&
 	! test -d $rr
 '
@@ -382,13 +382,13 @@
 	git update-index --index-info <failedmerge &&
 	cp file3.conflict file3 &&
 	test_must_fail git rerere --no-no-rerere-autoupdate 2>err &&
-	grep [Uu]sage err &&
+	test_i18ngrep [Uu]sage err &&
 	test_must_fail git update-index --refresh
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rerere -h' '
 	test_must_fail git rerere -h >help &&
-	grep [Uu]sage help
+	test_i18ngrep [Uu]sage help
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4201-shortlog.sh b/t/t4201-shortlog.sh
index 6872ba1..5493500 100755
--- a/t/t4201-shortlog.sh
+++ b/t/t4201-shortlog.sh
@@ -120,6 +120,30 @@
 	test_cmp expect out
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'shortlog should add newline when input line matches wraplen' '
+	cat >expect <<\EOF &&
+A U Thor (2):
+      bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb: bbbbbbbb bbb bbbb bbbbbbb bb bbbb bbb bbbbb bbbbbb
+      aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa: aaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaa aaaaaaaa aa aaaa aa aaa
+
+EOF
+	git shortlog -w >out <<\EOF &&
+commit 0000000000000000000000000000000000000001
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:14:13 2005 -0700
+
+    aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa: aaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaa aaaaaaaa aa aaaa aa aaa
+
+commit 0000000000000000000000000000000000000002
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:14:13 2005 -0700
+
+    bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb: bbbbbbbb bbb bbbb bbbbbbb bb bbbb bbb bbbbb bbbbbb
+
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect out
+'
+
 iconvfromutf8toiso88591() {
 	printf "%s" "$*" | iconv -f UTF-8 -t ISO8859-1
 }
diff --git a/t/t4202-log.sh b/t/t4202-log.sh
index 71be59d..cb03d28 100755
--- a/t/t4202-log.sh
+++ b/t/t4202-log.sh
@@ -72,9 +72,9 @@
   commit.
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success 'format %w(12,1,2)' '
+test_expect_success 'format %w(11,1,2)' '
 
-	git log -2 --format="%w(12,1,2)This is the %s commit." > actual &&
+	git log -2 --format="%w(11,1,2)This is the %s commit." > actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
@@ -178,11 +178,21 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git log --no-walk=sorted <commits> sorts by commit time' '
+	git log --no-walk=sorted --oneline 5d31159 804a787 394ef78 > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 cat > expect << EOF
 5d31159 fourth
 804a787 sixth
 394ef78 fifth
 EOF
+test_expect_success 'git log --no-walk=unsorted <commits> leaves list of commits as given' '
+	git log --no-walk=unsorted --oneline 5d31159 804a787 394ef78 > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'git show <commits> leaves list of commits as given' '
 	git show --oneline -s 5d31159 804a787 394ef78 > actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
@@ -220,6 +230,12 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'log -F -E --grep=<ere> uses ere' '
+	echo second >expect &&
+	git log -1 --pretty="tformat:%s" -F -E --grep=s.c.nd >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 cat > expect <<EOF
 * Second
 * sixth
@@ -264,6 +280,16 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'log --raw --graph -m with merge' '
+	git log --raw --graph --oneline -m master | head -n 500 >actual &&
+	grep "initial" actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff-tree --graph' '
+	git diff-tree --graph master^ | head -n 500 >actual &&
+	grep "one" actual
+'
+
 cat > expect <<\EOF
 *   commit master
 |\  Merge: A B
@@ -393,8 +419,6 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'log.decorate configuration' '
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all log.decorate &&
-
 	git log --oneline >expect.none &&
 	git log --oneline --decorate >expect.short &&
 	git log --oneline --decorate=full >expect.full &&
@@ -403,8 +427,7 @@
 	git log --oneline >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.short actual &&
 
-	git config --unset-all log.decorate &&
-	git config log.decorate true &&
+	test_config log.decorate true &&
 	git log --oneline >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.short actual &&
 	git log --oneline --decorate=full >actual &&
@@ -412,8 +435,7 @@
 	git log --oneline --decorate=no >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.none actual &&
 
-	git config --unset-all log.decorate &&
-	git config log.decorate no &&
+	test_config log.decorate no &&
 	git log --oneline >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.none actual &&
 	git log --oneline --decorate >actual &&
@@ -421,8 +443,7 @@
 	git log --oneline --decorate=full >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.full actual &&
 
-	git config --unset-all log.decorate &&
-	git config log.decorate 1 &&
+	test_config log.decorate 1 &&
 	git log --oneline >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.short actual &&
 	git log --oneline --decorate=full >actual &&
@@ -430,8 +451,7 @@
 	git log --oneline --decorate=no >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.none actual &&
 
-	git config --unset-all log.decorate &&
-	git config log.decorate short &&
+	test_config log.decorate short &&
 	git log --oneline >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.short actual &&
 	git log --oneline --no-decorate >actual &&
@@ -439,8 +459,7 @@
 	git log --oneline --decorate=full >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.full actual &&
 
-	git config --unset-all log.decorate &&
-	git config log.decorate full &&
+	test_config log.decorate full &&
 	git log --oneline >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.full actual &&
 	git log --oneline --no-decorate >actual &&
@@ -448,16 +467,15 @@
 	git log --oneline --decorate >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.short actual
 
-	git config --unset-all log.decorate &&
+	test_unconfig log.decorate &&
 	git log --pretty=raw >expect.raw &&
-	git config log.decorate full &&
+	test_config log.decorate full &&
 	git log --pretty=raw >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.raw actual
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'reflog is expected format' '
-	test_might_fail git config --remove-section log &&
 	git log -g --abbrev-commit --pretty=oneline >expect &&
 	git reflog >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
@@ -470,10 +488,6 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'log.abbrevCommit configuration' '
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset log.abbrevCommit" &&
-
-	test_might_fail git config --unset log.abbrevCommit &&
-
 	git log --abbrev-commit >expect.log.abbrev &&
 	git log --no-abbrev-commit >expect.log.full &&
 	git log --pretty=raw >expect.log.raw &&
@@ -482,7 +496,7 @@
 	git whatchanged --abbrev-commit >expect.whatchanged.abbrev &&
 	git whatchanged --no-abbrev-commit >expect.whatchanged.full &&
 
-	git config log.abbrevCommit true &&
+	test_config log.abbrevCommit true &&
 
 	git log >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.log.abbrev actual &&
@@ -516,6 +530,20 @@
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git log -c --follow' '
+	test_create_repo follow-c &&
+	(
+		cd follow-c &&
+		test_commit initial file original &&
+		git rm file &&
+		test_commit rename file2 original &&
+		git reset --hard initial &&
+		test_commit modify file foo &&
+		git merge -m merge rename &&
+		git log -c --follow file2
+	)
+'
+
 cat >expect <<\EOF
 *   commit COMMIT_OBJECT_NAME
 |\  Merge: MERGE_PARENTS
@@ -803,7 +831,14 @@
 test_expect_success 'log --graph with diff and stats' '
 	git log --graph --pretty=short --stat -p >actual &&
 	sanitize_output >actual.sanitized <actual &&
-	test_cmp expect actual.sanitized
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual.sanitized
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'dotdot is a parent directory' '
+	mkdir -p a/b &&
+	( echo sixth && echo fifth ) >expect &&
+	( cd a/b && git log --format=%s .. ) >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4203-mailmap.sh b/t/t4203-mailmap.sh
index 1f182f6..842b754 100755
--- a/t/t4203-mailmap.sh
+++ b/t/t4203-mailmap.sh
@@ -149,6 +149,104 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'setup mailmap blob tests' '
+	git checkout -b map &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
+	cat >just-bugs <<-\EOF &&
+	Blob Guy <bugs@company.xx>
+	EOF
+	cat >both <<-\EOF &&
+	Blob Guy <author@example.com>
+	Blob Guy <bugs@company.xx>
+	EOF
+	git add just-bugs both &&
+	git commit -m "my mailmaps" &&
+	echo "Repo Guy <author@example.com>" >.mailmap &&
+	echo "Internal Guy <author@example.com>" >internal.map
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mailmap.blob set' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	Blob Guy (1):
+	      second
+
+	Repo Guy (1):
+	      initial
+
+	EOF
+	git -c mailmap.blob=map:just-bugs shortlog HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mailmap.blob overrides .mailmap' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	Blob Guy (2):
+	      initial
+	      second
+
+	EOF
+	git -c mailmap.blob=map:both shortlog HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mailmap.file overrides mailmap.blob' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	Blob Guy (1):
+	      second
+
+	Internal Guy (1):
+	      initial
+
+	EOF
+	git \
+	  -c mailmap.blob=map:both \
+	  -c mailmap.file=internal.map \
+	  shortlog HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mailmap.blob can be missing' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	Repo Guy (1):
+	      initial
+
+	nick1 (1):
+	      second
+
+	EOF
+	git -c mailmap.blob=map:nonexistent shortlog HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mailmap.blob defaults to off in non-bare repo' '
+	git init non-bare &&
+	(
+		cd non-bare &&
+		test_commit one .mailmap "Fake Name <author@example.com>" &&
+		echo "     1	Fake Name" >expect &&
+		git shortlog -ns HEAD >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual &&
+		rm .mailmap &&
+		echo "     1	A U Thor" >expect &&
+		git shortlog -ns HEAD >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mailmap.blob defaults to HEAD:.mailmap in bare repo' '
+	git clone --bare non-bare bare &&
+	(
+		cd bare &&
+		echo "     1	Fake Name" >expect &&
+		git shortlog -ns HEAD >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup after mailmap.blob tests' '
+	rm -f .mailmap
+'
+
 # Extended mailmap configurations should give us the following output for shortlog
 cat >expect <<\EOF
 A U Thor <author@example.com> (1):
@@ -239,6 +337,62 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+Author: CTO <cto@company.xx>
+Author: Santa Claus <santa.claus@northpole.xx>
+Author: Santa Claus <santa.claus@northpole.xx>
+Author: Other Author <other@author.xx>
+Author: Other Author <other@author.xx>
+Author: Some Dude <some@dude.xx>
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'Log output with --use-mailmap' '
+	git log --use-mailmap | grep Author >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+Author: CTO <cto@company.xx>
+Author: Santa Claus <santa.claus@northpole.xx>
+Author: Santa Claus <santa.claus@northpole.xx>
+Author: Other Author <other@author.xx>
+Author: Other Author <other@author.xx>
+Author: Some Dude <some@dude.xx>
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'Log output with log.mailmap' '
+	git -c log.mailmap=True log | grep Author >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+Author: Santa Claus <santa.claus@northpole.xx>
+Author: Santa Claus <santa.claus@northpole.xx>
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'Grep author with --use-mailmap' '
+	git log --use-mailmap --author Santa | grep Author >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+Author: Santa Claus <santa.claus@northpole.xx>
+Author: Santa Claus <santa.claus@northpole.xx>
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'Grep author with log.mailmap' '
+	git -c log.mailmap=True log --author Santa | grep Author >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+>expect
+
+test_expect_success 'Only grep replaced author with --use-mailmap' '
+	git log --use-mailmap --author "<cto@coompany.xx>" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 # git blame
 cat >expect <<\EOF
 ^OBJI (A U Thor     DATE 1) one
diff --git a/t/t4205-log-pretty-formats.sh b/t/t4205-log-pretty-formats.sh
index 4afd778..26fbfde 100755
--- a/t/t4205-log-pretty-formats.sh
+++ b/t/t4205-log-pretty-formats.sh
@@ -85,17 +85,192 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'NUL separation with --stat' '
 	stat0_part=$(git diff --stat HEAD^ HEAD) &&
-	stat1_part=$(git diff --stat --root HEAD^) &&
+	stat1_part=$(git diff-tree --no-commit-id --stat --root HEAD^) &&
 	printf "add bar\n$stat0_part\n\0initial\n$stat1_part\n" >expected &&
 	git log -z --stat --pretty="format:%s" >actual &&
-	test_cmp expected actual
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
 
 test_expect_failure 'NUL termination with --stat' '
 	stat0_part=$(git diff --stat HEAD^ HEAD) &&
-	stat1_part=$(git diff --stat --root HEAD^) &&
+	stat1_part=$(git diff-tree --no-commit-id --stat --root HEAD^) &&
 	printf "add bar\n$stat0_part\n\0initial\n$stat1_part\n\0" >expected &&
 	git log -z --stat --pretty="tformat:%s" >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup more commits' '
+	test_commit "message one" one one message-one &&
+	test_commit "message two" two two message-two
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'left alignment formatting' '
+	git log --pretty="format:%<(40)%s" >actual &&
+	# complete the incomplete line at the end
+	echo >>actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<\EOF >expected &&
+message two                            Z
+message one                            Z
+add bar                                Z
+initial                                Z
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'left alignment formatting at the nth column' '
+	git log --pretty="format:%h %<|(40)%s" >actual &&
+	# complete the incomplete line at the end
+	echo >>actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<\EOF >expected &&
+fa33ab1 message two                    Z
+7cd6c63 message one                    Z
+1711bf9 add bar                        Z
+af20c06 initial                        Z
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'left alignment formatting with no padding' '
+	git log --pretty="format:%<(1)%s" >actual &&
+	# complete the incomplete line at the end
+	echo >>actual &&
+	cat <<\EOF >expected &&
+message two
+message one
+add bar
+initial
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'left alignment formatting with trunc' '
+	git log --pretty="format:%<(10,trunc)%s" >actual &&
+	# complete the incomplete line at the end
+	echo >>actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<\EOF >expected &&
+message ..
+message ..
+add bar  Z
+initial  Z
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'left alignment formatting with ltrunc' '
+	git log --pretty="format:%<(10,ltrunc)%s" >actual &&
+	# complete the incomplete line at the end
+	echo >>actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<\EOF >expected &&
+..sage two
+..sage one
+add bar  Z
+initial  Z
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'left alignment formatting with mtrunc' '
+	git log --pretty="format:%<(10,mtrunc)%s" >actual &&
+	# complete the incomplete line at the end
+	echo >>actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<\EOF >expected &&
+mess.. two
+mess.. one
+add bar  Z
+initial  Z
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'right alignment formatting' '
+	git log --pretty="format:%>(40)%s" >actual &&
+	# complete the incomplete line at the end
+	echo >>actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<\EOF >expected &&
+Z                            message two
+Z                            message one
+Z                                add bar
+Z                                initial
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'right alignment formatting at the nth column' '
+	git log --pretty="format:%h %>|(40)%s" >actual &&
+	# complete the incomplete line at the end
+	echo >>actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<\EOF >expected &&
+fa33ab1                      message two
+7cd6c63                      message one
+1711bf9                          add bar
+af20c06                          initial
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'right alignment formatting with no padding' '
+	git log --pretty="format:%>(1)%s" >actual &&
+	# complete the incomplete line at the end
+	echo >>actual &&
+	cat <<\EOF >expected &&
+message two
+message one
+add bar
+initial
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'center alignment formatting' '
+	git log --pretty="format:%><(40)%s" >actual &&
+	# complete the incomplete line at the end
+	echo >>actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<\EOF >expected &&
+Z             message two              Z
+Z             message one              Z
+Z               add bar                Z
+Z               initial                Z
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'center alignment formatting at the nth column' '
+	git log --pretty="format:%h %><|(40)%s" >actual &&
+	# complete the incomplete line at the end
+	echo >>actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<\EOF >expected &&
+fa33ab1           message two          Z
+7cd6c63           message one          Z
+1711bf9             add bar            Z
+af20c06             initial            Z
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'center alignment formatting with no padding' '
+	git log --pretty="format:%><(1)%s" >actual &&
+	# complete the incomplete line at the end
+	echo >>actual &&
+	cat <<\EOF >expected &&
+message two
+message one
+add bar
+initial
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'left/right alignment formatting with stealing' '
+	git commit --amend -m short --author "long long long <long@me.com>" &&
+	git log --pretty="format:%<(10,trunc)%s%>>(10,ltrunc)% an" >actual &&
+	# complete the incomplete line at the end
+	echo >>actual &&
+	cat <<\EOF >expected &&
+short long  long long
+message ..   A U Thor
+add bar      A U Thor
+initial      A U Thor
+EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t4207-log-decoration-colors.sh b/t/t4207-log-decoration-colors.sh
index bbde31b..925f577 100755
--- a/t/t4207-log-decoration-colors.sh
+++ b/t/t4207-log-decoration-colors.sh
@@ -44,15 +44,15 @@
 '
 
 cat >expected <<EOF
-${c_commit}COMMIT_ID (${c_HEAD}HEAD${c_reset}${c_commit},\
+${c_commit}COMMIT_ID${c_reset}${c_commit} (${c_HEAD}HEAD${c_reset}${c_commit},\
  ${c_tag}tag: v1.0${c_reset}${c_commit},\
  ${c_tag}tag: B${c_reset}${c_commit},\
  ${c_branch}master${c_reset}${c_commit})${c_reset} B
-${c_commit}COMMIT_ID (${c_tag}tag: A1${c_reset}${c_commit},\
+${c_commit}COMMIT_ID${c_reset}${c_commit} (${c_tag}tag: A1${c_reset}${c_commit},\
  ${c_remoteBranch}other/master${c_reset}${c_commit})${c_reset} A1
-${c_commit}COMMIT_ID (${c_stash}refs/stash${c_reset}${c_commit})${c_reset}\
+${c_commit}COMMIT_ID${c_reset}${c_commit} (${c_stash}refs/stash${c_reset}${c_commit})${c_reset}\
  On master: Changes to A.t
-${c_commit}COMMIT_ID (${c_tag}tag: A${c_reset}${c_commit})${c_reset} A
+${c_commit}COMMIT_ID${c_reset}${c_commit} (${c_tag}tag: A${c_reset}${c_commit})${c_reset} A
 EOF
 
 # We want log to show all, but the second parent to refs/stash is irrelevant
diff --git a/t/t4208-log-magic-pathspec.sh b/t/t4208-log-magic-pathspec.sh
index 2c482b6..72300b5 100755
--- a/t/t4208-log-magic-pathspec.sh
+++ b/t/t4208-log-magic-pathspec.sh
@@ -11,11 +11,24 @@
 	mkdir sub
 '
 
-test_expect_success '"git log :/" should be ambiguous' '
-	test_must_fail git log :/ 2>error &&
+test_expect_success '"git log :/" should not be ambiguous' '
+	git log :/
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git log :/a" should be ambiguous (applied both rev and worktree)' '
+	: >a &&
+	test_must_fail git log :/a 2>error &&
 	grep ambiguous error
 '
 
+test_expect_success '"git log :/a -- " should not be ambiguous' '
+	git log :/a --
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git log -- :/a" should not be ambiguous' '
+	git log -- :/a
+'
+
 test_expect_success '"git log :" should be ambiguous' '
 	test_must_fail git log : 2>error &&
 	grep ambiguous error
diff --git a/t/t4209-log-pickaxe.sh b/t/t4209-log-pickaxe.sh
index eed7273..38fb80f 100755
--- a/t/t4209-log-pickaxe.sh
+++ b/t/t4209-log-pickaxe.sh
@@ -80,6 +80,20 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'log -G --textconv (missing textconv tool)' '
+	echo "* diff=test" >.gitattributes &&
+	test_must_fail git -c diff.test.textconv=missing log -Gfoo &&
+	rm .gitattributes
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log -G --no-textconv (missing textconv tool)' '
+	echo "* diff=test" >.gitattributes &&
+	git -c diff.test.textconv=missing log -Gfoo --no-textconv >actual &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	rm .gitattributes
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'log -S (nomatch)' '
 	git log -Spicked --format=%H >actual &&
 	>expect &&
@@ -116,4 +130,18 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'log -S --textconv (missing textconv tool)' '
+	echo "* diff=test" >.gitattributes &&
+	test_must_fail git -c diff.test.textconv=missing log -Sfoo &&
+	rm .gitattributes
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log -S --no-textconv (missing textconv tool)' '
+	echo "* diff=test" >.gitattributes &&
+	git -c diff.test.textconv=missing log -Sfoo --no-textconv >actual &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	rm .gitattributes
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4210-log-i18n.sh b/t/t4210-log-i18n.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..52a7472
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4210-log-i18n.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test log with i18n features'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# two forms of é
+utf8_e=$(printf '\303\251')
+latin1_e=$(printf '\351')
+
+test_expect_success 'create commits in different encodings' '
+	test_tick &&
+	cat >msg <<-EOF &&
+	utf8
+
+	t${utf8_e}st
+	EOF
+	git add msg &&
+	git -c i18n.commitencoding=utf8 commit -F msg &&
+	cat >msg <<-EOF &&
+	latin1
+
+	t${latin1_e}st
+	EOF
+	git add msg &&
+	git -c i18n.commitencoding=ISO-8859-1 commit -F msg
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log --grep searches in log output encoding (utf8)' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	latin1
+	utf8
+	EOF
+	git log --encoding=utf8 --format=%s --grep=$utf8_e >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log --grep searches in log output encoding (latin1)' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	latin1
+	utf8
+	EOF
+	git log --encoding=ISO-8859-1 --format=%s --grep=$latin1_e >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log --grep does not find non-reencoded values (utf8)' '
+	>expect &&
+	git log --encoding=utf8 --format=%s --grep=$latin1_e >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log --grep does not find non-reencoded values (latin1)' '
+	>expect &&
+	git log --encoding=ISO-8859-1 --format=%s --grep=$utf8_e >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4212-log-corrupt.sh b/t/t4212-log-corrupt.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ec5099b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4212-log-corrupt.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git log with invalid commit headers'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	test_commit foo &&
+
+	git cat-file commit HEAD |
+	sed "/^author /s/>/>-<>/" >broken_email.commit &&
+	git hash-object -w -t commit broken_email.commit >broken_email.hash &&
+	git update-ref refs/heads/broken_email $(cat broken_email.hash)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git log with broken author email' '
+	{
+		echo commit $(cat broken_email.hash)
+		echo "Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>"
+		echo "Date:   Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 +0000"
+		echo
+		echo "    foo"
+	} >expect.out &&
+	: >expect.err &&
+
+	git log broken_email >actual.out 2>actual.err &&
+
+	test_cmp expect.out actual.out &&
+	test_cmp expect.err actual.err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git log --format with broken author email' '
+	echo "A U Thor+author@example.com+" >expect.out &&
+	: >expect.err &&
+
+	git log --format="%an+%ae+%ad" broken_email >actual.out 2>actual.err &&
+
+	test_cmp expect.out actual.out &&
+	test_cmp expect.err actual.err
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4253-am-keep-cr-dos.sh b/t/t4253-am-keep-cr-dos.sh
index 735e55d..553fe3e 100755
--- a/t/t4253-am-keep-cr-dos.sh
+++ b/t/t4253-am-keep-cr-dos.sh
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
 	git diff --exit-code master
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'am with dos files config am.keepcr overriden by --no-keep-cr' '
+test_expect_success 'am with dos files config am.keepcr overridden by --no-keep-cr' '
 	git config am.keepcr 1 &&
 	git checkout -b dosfiles-conf-keepcr-override initial &&
 	git format-patch -k initial..master &&
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@
 	git diff --exit-code master
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'am with unix files config am.keepcr overriden by --no-keep-cr' '
+test_expect_success 'am with unix files config am.keepcr overridden by --no-keep-cr' '
 	git config am.keepcr 1 &&
 	git checkout -b unixfiles-conf-keepcr-override initial &&
 	cp -f file1 file &&
diff --git a/t/t4300-merge-tree.sh b/t/t4300-merge-tree.sh
index 46c3fe7..9015e47 100755
--- a/t/t4300-merge-tree.sh
+++ b/t/t4300-merge-tree.sh
@@ -26,8 +26,6 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'file add !A, B' '
 	cat >expected <<\EXPECTED &&
-added in local
-  our    100644 43d5a8ed6ef6c00ff775008633f95787d088285d ONE
 EXPECTED
 
 	git reset --hard initial &&
@@ -38,9 +36,6 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'file add A, B (same)' '
 	cat >expected <<\EXPECTED &&
-added in both
-  our    100644 43d5a8ed6ef6c00ff775008633f95787d088285d ONE
-  their  100644 43d5a8ed6ef6c00ff775008633f95787d088285d ONE
 EXPECTED
 
 	git reset --hard initial &&
@@ -181,9 +176,6 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'file remove A, !B' '
 	cat >expected <<\EXPECTED &&
-removed in local
-  base   100644 43d5a8ed6ef6c00ff775008633f95787d088285d ONE
-  their  100644 43d5a8ed6ef6c00ff775008633f95787d088285d ONE
 EXPECTED
 
 	git reset --hard initial &&
@@ -213,6 +205,19 @@
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'file remove A, B (same)' '
+	cat >expected <<\EXPECTED &&
+EXPECTED
+
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	test_commit "rm-a-b-base" "ONE" "AAA" &&
+	git rm ONE &&
+	git commit -m "rm-a-b" &&
+	git tag "rm-a-b" &&
+	git merge-tree rm-a-b-base rm-a-b rm-a-b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'file change A, remove B' '
 	cat >expected <<\EXPECTED &&
 removed in remote
@@ -254,4 +259,97 @@
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'tree add A, B (same)' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	EOF
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	mkdir sub &&
+	test_commit "add sub/file" "sub/file" "file" add-tree-A &&
+	git merge-tree initial add-tree-A add-tree-A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tree add A, B (different)' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	added in both
+	  our    100644 43d5a8ed6ef6c00ff775008633f95787d088285d sub/file
+	  their  100644 ba629238ca89489f2b350e196ca445e09d8bb834 sub/file
+	@@ -1 +1,5 @@
+	+<<<<<<< .our
+	 AAA
+	+=======
+	+BBB
+	+>>>>>>> .their
+	EOF
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	mkdir sub &&
+	test_commit "add sub/file" "sub/file" "AAA" add-tree-a-b-A &&
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	mkdir sub &&
+	test_commit "add sub/file" "sub/file" "BBB" add-tree-a-b-B &&
+	git merge-tree initial add-tree-a-b-A add-tree-a-b-B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tree unchanged A, removed B' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	removed in remote
+	  base   100644 43d5a8ed6ef6c00ff775008633f95787d088285d sub/file
+	  our    100644 43d5a8ed6ef6c00ff775008633f95787d088285d sub/file
+	@@ -1 +0,0 @@
+	-AAA
+	EOF
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	mkdir sub &&
+	test_commit "add sub/file" "sub/file" "AAA" tree-remove-b-initial &&
+	git rm sub/file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "remove sub/file" &&
+	git tag tree-remove-b-B &&
+	git merge-tree tree-remove-b-initial tree-remove-b-initial tree-remove-b-B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'turn file to tree' '
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	rm initial-file &&
+	mkdir initial-file &&
+	test_commit "turn-file-to-tree" "initial-file/ONE" "CCC" &&
+	git merge-tree initial initial turn-file-to-tree >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	added in remote
+	  their  100644 43aa4fdec31eb92e1fdc2f0ce6ea9ddb7c32bcf7 initial-file/ONE
+	@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+	+CCC
+	removed in remote
+	  base   100644 e79c5e8f964493290a409888d5413a737e8e5dd5 initial-file
+	  our    100644 e79c5e8f964493290a409888d5413a737e8e5dd5 initial-file
+	@@ -1 +0,0 @@
+	-initial
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'turn tree to file' '
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	mkdir dir &&
+	test_commit "add-tree" "dir/path" "AAA" &&
+	test_commit "add-another-tree" "dir/another" "BBB" &&
+	rm -fr dir &&
+	test_commit "make-file" "dir" "CCC" &&
+	git merge-tree add-tree add-another-tree make-file >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	removed in remote
+	  base   100644 43d5a8ed6ef6c00ff775008633f95787d088285d dir/path
+	  our    100644 43d5a8ed6ef6c00ff775008633f95787d088285d dir/path
+	@@ -1 +0,0 @@
+	-AAA
+	added in remote
+	  their  100644 43aa4fdec31eb92e1fdc2f0ce6ea9ddb7c32bcf7 dir
+	@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+	+CCC
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5000-tar-tree.sh b/t/t5000-tar-tree.sh
index ecf00ed..3fbd366 100755
--- a/t/t5000-tar-tree.sh
+++ b/t/t5000-tar-tree.sh
@@ -25,32 +25,11 @@
 '
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
-UNZIP=${UNZIP:-unzip}
 GZIP=${GZIP:-gzip}
 GUNZIP=${GUNZIP:-gzip -d}
 
 SUBSTFORMAT=%H%n
 
-check_zip() {
-	zipfile=$1.zip
-	listfile=$1.lst
-	dir=$1
-	dir_with_prefix=$dir/$2
-
-	test_expect_success UNZIP " extract ZIP archive" "
-		(mkdir $dir && cd $dir && $UNZIP ../$zipfile)
-	"
-
-	test_expect_success UNZIP " validate filenames" "
-		(cd ${dir_with_prefix}a && find .) | sort >$listfile &&
-		test_cmp a.lst $listfile
-	"
-
-	test_expect_success UNZIP " validate file contents" "
-		diff -r a ${dir_with_prefix}a
-	"
-}
-
 test_expect_success \
     'populate workdir' \
     'mkdir a b c &&
@@ -201,62 +180,12 @@
       test_cmp a/substfile2 g/prefix/a/substfile2
 '
 
-$UNZIP -v >/dev/null 2>&1
-if [ $? -eq 127 ]; then
-	say "Skipping ZIP tests, because unzip was not found"
-else
-	test_set_prereq UNZIP
-fi
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'git archive --format=zip' \
-    'git archive --format=zip HEAD >d.zip'
-
-check_zip d
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'git archive --format=zip in a bare repo' \
-    '(cd bare.git && git archive --format=zip HEAD) >d1.zip'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'git archive --format=zip vs. the same in a bare repo' \
-    'test_cmp d.zip d1.zip'
-
-test_expect_success 'git archive --format=zip with --output' \
-    'git archive --format=zip --output=d2.zip HEAD &&
-    test_cmp d.zip d2.zip'
-
-test_expect_success 'git archive with --output, inferring format' '
-	git archive --output=d3.zip HEAD &&
-	test_cmp d.zip d3.zip
-'
-
 test_expect_success 'git archive with --output, override inferred format' '
 	git archive --format=tar --output=d4.zip HEAD &&
 	test_cmp b.tar d4.zip
 '
 
 test_expect_success \
-    'git archive --format=zip with prefix' \
-    'git archive --format=zip --prefix=prefix/ HEAD >e.zip'
-
-check_zip e prefix/
-
-test_expect_success 'git archive -0 --format=zip on large files' '
-	test_config core.bigfilethreshold 1 &&
-	git archive -0 --format=zip HEAD >large.zip
-'
-
-check_zip large
-
-test_expect_success 'git archive --format=zip on large files' '
-	test_config core.bigfilethreshold 1 &&
-	git archive --format=zip HEAD >large-compressed.zip
-'
-
-check_zip large-compressed
-
-test_expect_success \
     'git archive --list outside of a git repo' \
     'GIT_DIR=some/non-existing/directory git archive --list'
 
@@ -283,7 +212,8 @@
 test_expect_success 'setup tar filters' '
 	git config tar.tar.foo.command "tr ab ba" &&
 	git config tar.bar.command "tr ab ba" &&
-	git config tar.bar.remote true
+	git config tar.bar.remote true &&
+	git config tar.invalid baz
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'archive --list mentions user filter' '
diff --git a/t/t5002-archive-attr-pattern.sh b/t/t5002-archive-attr-pattern.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6667d15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5002-archive-attr-pattern.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git archive attribute pattern tests'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_exists() {
+	test_expect_success " $1 exists" "test -e $1"
+}
+
+test_expect_missing() {
+	test_expect_success " $1 does not exist" "test ! -e $1"
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	echo ignored >ignored &&
+	echo ignored export-ignore >>.git/info/attributes &&
+	git add ignored &&
+
+	mkdir not-ignored-dir &&
+	echo ignored-in-tree >not-ignored-dir/ignored &&
+	echo not-ignored-in-tree >not-ignored-dir/ignored-only-if-dir &&
+	git add not-ignored-dir &&
+
+	mkdir ignored-only-if-dir &&
+	echo ignored by ignored dir >ignored-only-if-dir/ignored-by-ignored-dir &&
+	echo ignored-only-if-dir/ export-ignore >>.git/info/attributes &&
+	git add ignored-only-if-dir &&
+
+	mkdir -p ignored-without-slash &&
+	echo "ignored without slash" >ignored-without-slash/foo &&
+	git add ignored-without-slash/foo &&
+	echo "ignored-without-slash export-ignore" >>.git/info/attributes &&
+
+	mkdir -p wildcard-without-slash &&
+	echo "ignored without slash" >wildcard-without-slash/foo &&
+	git add wildcard-without-slash/foo &&
+	echo "wild*-without-slash export-ignore" >>.git/info/attributes &&
+
+	mkdir -p deep/and/slashless &&
+	echo "ignored without slash" >deep/and/slashless/foo &&
+	git add deep/and/slashless/foo &&
+	echo "deep/and/slashless export-ignore" >>.git/info/attributes &&
+
+	mkdir -p deep/with/wildcard &&
+	echo "ignored without slash" >deep/with/wildcard/foo &&
+	git add deep/with/wildcard/foo &&
+	echo "deep/*t*/wildcard export-ignore" >>.git/info/attributes &&
+
+	mkdir -p one-level-lower/two-levels-lower/ignored-only-if-dir &&
+	echo ignored by ignored dir >one-level-lower/two-levels-lower/ignored-only-if-dir/ignored-by-ignored-dir &&
+	git add one-level-lower &&
+
+	git commit -m. &&
+
+	git clone --bare . bare &&
+	cp .git/info/attributes bare/info/attributes
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git archive' '
+	git archive HEAD >archive.tar &&
+	(mkdir archive && cd archive && "$TAR" xf -) <archive.tar
+'
+
+test_expect_missing	archive/ignored
+test_expect_missing	archive/not-ignored-dir/ignored
+test_expect_exists	archive/not-ignored-dir/ignored-only-if-dir
+test_expect_exists	archive/not-ignored-dir/
+test_expect_missing	archive/ignored-only-if-dir/
+test_expect_missing	archive/ignored-ony-if-dir/ignored-by-ignored-dir
+test_expect_missing	archive/ignored-without-slash/ &&
+test_expect_missing	archive/ignored-without-slash/foo &&
+test_expect_missing	archive/wildcard-without-slash/
+test_expect_missing	archive/wildcard-without-slash/foo &&
+test_expect_missing	archive/deep/and/slashless/ &&
+test_expect_missing	archive/deep/and/slashless/foo &&
+test_expect_missing	archive/deep/with/wildcard/ &&
+test_expect_missing	archive/deep/with/wildcard/foo &&
+test_expect_exists	archive/one-level-lower/
+test_expect_missing	archive/one-level-lower/two-levels-lower/ignored-only-if-dir/
+test_expect_missing	archive/one-level-lower/two-levels-lower/ignored-ony-if-dir/ignored-by-ignored-dir
+
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5003-archive-zip.sh b/t/t5003-archive-zip.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4e7b05d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5003-archive-zip.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git archive --format=zip test'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+SUBSTFORMAT=%H%n
+
+test_lazy_prereq UNZIP_SYMLINKS '
+	(
+		mkdir unzip-symlinks &&
+		cd unzip-symlinks &&
+		"$GIT_UNZIP" "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5003/infozip-symlinks.zip &&
+		test -h symlink
+	)
+'
+
+check_zip() {
+	zipfile=$1.zip
+	listfile=$1.lst
+	dir=$1
+	dir_with_prefix=$dir/$2
+
+	test_expect_success UNZIP " extract ZIP archive" '
+		(mkdir $dir && cd $dir && "$GIT_UNZIP" ../$zipfile)
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success UNZIP " validate filenames" "
+		(cd ${dir_with_prefix}a && find .) | sort >$listfile &&
+		test_cmp a.lst $listfile
+	"
+
+	test_expect_success UNZIP " validate file contents" "
+		diff -r a ${dir_with_prefix}a
+	"
+}
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'populate workdir' \
+    'mkdir a b c &&
+     echo simple textfile >a/a &&
+     mkdir a/bin &&
+     cp /bin/sh a/bin &&
+     printf "A\$Format:%s\$O" "$SUBSTFORMAT" >a/substfile1 &&
+     printf "A not substituted O" >a/substfile2 &&
+     (p=long_path_to_a_file && cd a &&
+      for depth in 1 2 3 4 5; do mkdir $p && cd $p; done &&
+      echo text >file_with_long_path)
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS,UNZIP_SYMLINKS 'add symlink' '
+	ln -s a a/symlink_to_a
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare file list' '
+	(cd a && find .) | sort >a.lst
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'add ignored file' \
+    'echo ignore me >a/ignored &&
+     echo ignored export-ignore >.git/info/attributes'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'add files to repository' \
+    'find a -type f | xargs git update-index --add &&
+     find a -type l | xargs git update-index --add &&
+     treeid=`git write-tree` &&
+     echo $treeid >treeid &&
+     git update-ref HEAD $(TZ=GMT GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2005-05-27 22:00:00" \
+     git commit-tree $treeid </dev/null)'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup export-subst' '
+	echo "substfile?" export-subst >>.git/info/attributes &&
+	git log --max-count=1 "--pretty=format:A${SUBSTFORMAT}O" HEAD \
+		>a/substfile1
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'create bare clone' \
+    'git clone --bare . bare.git &&
+     cp .git/info/attributes bare.git/info/attributes'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'remove ignored file' \
+    'rm a/ignored'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git archive --format=zip' \
+    'git archive --format=zip HEAD >d.zip'
+
+check_zip d
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git archive --format=zip in a bare repo' \
+    '(cd bare.git && git archive --format=zip HEAD) >d1.zip'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git archive --format=zip vs. the same in a bare repo' \
+    'test_cmp d.zip d1.zip'
+
+test_expect_success 'git archive --format=zip with --output' \
+    'git archive --format=zip --output=d2.zip HEAD &&
+    test_cmp d.zip d2.zip'
+
+test_expect_success 'git archive with --output, inferring format' '
+	git archive --output=d3.zip HEAD &&
+	test_cmp d.zip d3.zip
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git archive --format=zip with prefix' \
+    'git archive --format=zip --prefix=prefix/ HEAD >e.zip'
+
+check_zip e prefix/
+
+test_expect_success 'git archive -0 --format=zip on large files' '
+	test_config core.bigfilethreshold 1 &&
+	git archive -0 --format=zip HEAD >large.zip
+'
+
+check_zip large
+
+test_expect_success 'git archive --format=zip on large files' '
+	test_config core.bigfilethreshold 1 &&
+	git archive --format=zip HEAD >large-compressed.zip
+'
+
+check_zip large-compressed
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5003/infozip-symlinks.zip b/t/t5003/infozip-symlinks.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..065728c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5003/infozip-symlinks.zip
Binary files differ
diff --git a/t/t5004-archive-corner-cases.sh b/t/t5004-archive-corner-cases.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..67f3b54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5004-archive-corner-cases.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test corner cases of git-archive'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'create commit with empty tree' '
+	git commit --allow-empty -m foo
+'
+
+# Make a dir and clean it up afterwards
+make_dir() {
+	mkdir "$1" &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf '$1'"
+}
+
+# Check that the dir given in "$1" contains exactly the
+# set of paths given as arguments.
+check_dir() {
+	dir=$1; shift
+	{
+		echo "$dir" &&
+		for i in "$@"; do
+			echo "$dir/$i"
+		done
+	} | sort >expect &&
+	find "$dir" ! -name pax_global_header -print | sort >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+}
+
+
+# bsdtar/libarchive versions before 3.1.3 consider a tar file with a
+# global pax header that is not followed by a file record as corrupt.
+if "$TAR" tf "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5004/empty-with-pax-header.tar >/dev/null 2>&1
+then
+	test_set_prereq HEADER_ONLY_TAR_OK
+fi
+
+test_expect_success HEADER_ONLY_TAR_OK 'tar archive of commit with empty tree' '
+	git archive --format=tar HEAD >empty-with-pax-header.tar &&
+	make_dir extract &&
+	"$TAR" xf empty-with-pax-header.tar -C extract &&
+	check_dir extract
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tar archive of empty tree is empty' '
+	git archive --format=tar HEAD: >empty.tar &&
+	perl -e "print \"\\0\" x 10240" >10knuls.tar &&
+	test_cmp 10knuls.tar empty.tar
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tar archive of empty tree with prefix' '
+	git archive --format=tar --prefix=foo/ HEAD >prefix.tar &&
+	make_dir extract &&
+	"$TAR" xf prefix.tar -C extract &&
+	check_dir extract foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success UNZIP 'zip archive of empty tree is empty' '
+	# Detect the exit code produced when our particular flavor of unzip
+	# sees an empty archive. Infozip will generate a warning and exit with
+	# code 1. But in the name of sanity, we do not expect other unzip
+	# implementations to do the same thing (it would be perfectly
+	# reasonable to exit 0, for example).
+	#
+	# This makes our test less rigorous on some platforms (unzip may not
+	# handle the empty repo at all, making our later check of its exit code
+	# a no-op). But we cannot do anything reasonable except skip the test
+	# on such platforms anyway, and this is the moral equivalent.
+	"$GIT_UNZIP" "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5004/empty.zip
+	expect_code=$?
+
+	git archive --format=zip HEAD >empty.zip &&
+	make_dir extract &&
+	(
+		cd extract &&
+		test_expect_code $expect_code "$GIT_UNZIP" ../empty.zip
+	) &&
+	check_dir extract
+'
+
+test_expect_success UNZIP 'zip archive of empty tree with prefix' '
+	# We do not have to play exit-code tricks here, because our
+	# result should not be empty; it has a directory in it.
+	git archive --format=zip --prefix=foo/ HEAD >prefix.zip &&
+	make_dir extract &&
+	(
+		cd extract &&
+		"$GIT_UNZIP" ../prefix.zip
+	) &&
+	check_dir extract foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'archive complains about pathspec on empty tree' '
+	test_must_fail git archive --format=tar HEAD -- foo >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create a commit with an empty subtree' '
+	empty_tree=$(git hash-object -t tree /dev/null) &&
+	root_tree=$(printf "040000 tree $empty_tree\tsub\n" | git mktree)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'archive empty subtree with no pathspec' '
+	git archive --format=tar $root_tree >subtree-all.tar &&
+	make_dir extract &&
+	"$TAR" xf subtree-all.tar -C extract &&
+	check_dir extract sub
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'archive empty subtree by direct pathspec' '
+	git archive --format=tar $root_tree -- sub >subtree-path.tar &&
+	make_dir extract &&
+	"$TAR" xf subtree-path.tar -C extract &&
+	check_dir extract sub
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5004/empty-with-pax-header.tar b/t/t5004/empty-with-pax-header.tar
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..da9e39e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5004/empty-with-pax-header.tar
Binary files differ
diff --git a/t/t5004/empty.zip b/t/t5004/empty.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a76bb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5004/empty.zip
Binary files differ
diff --git a/t/t5100-mailinfo.sh b/t/t5100-mailinfo.sh
index 81904d9..3e64a7a 100755
--- a/t/t5100-mailinfo.sh
+++ b/t/t5100-mailinfo.sh
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 	'git mailsplit -o. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5100/sample.mbox >last &&
 	last=`cat last` &&
 	echo total is $last &&
-	test `cat last` = 16'
+	test `cat last` = 17'
 
 check_mailinfo () {
 	mail=$1 opt=$2
diff --git a/t/t5100/info0017 b/t/t5100/info0017
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d2bc89f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/info0017
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Author: A U Thor
+Email: a.u.thor@example.com
+Subject: A E I O U
+Date: Mon, 17 Sep 2012 14:23:44 -0700
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/msg0017 b/t/t5100/msg0017
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ee0900
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/msg0017
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+New content here
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/patch0017 b/t/t5100/patch0017
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..35cf84c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/patch0017
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+diff --git a/foo b/foo
+index e69de29..d95f3ad 100644
+--- a/foo
++++ b/foo
+@@ -0,0 +1 @@
++New content
diff --git a/t/t5100/sample.mbox b/t/t5100/sample.mbox
index 34a09a0..8b2ae06 100644
--- a/t/t5100/sample.mbox
+++ b/t/t5100/sample.mbox
@@ -683,3 +683,19 @@
 @@ -0,0 +1 @@
 +content
 
+From nobody Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: A U Thor <a.u.thor@example.com>
+Subject: A E I O U
+Date: Mon, 17 Sep 2012 14:23:44 -0700
+MIME-Version: 1.0
+Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-2022-jp"
+Content-type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"
+
+New content here
+
+diff --git a/foo b/foo
+index e69de29..d95f3ad 100644
+--- a/foo
++++ b/foo
+@@ -0,0 +1 @@
++New content
diff --git a/t/t5300-pack-object.sh b/t/t5300-pack-object.sh
index d9d856b..a07c871 100755
--- a/t/t5300-pack-object.sh
+++ b/t/t5300-pack-object.sh
@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@
 test_expect_success \
     'setup' \
     'rm -f .git/index* &&
-     perl -e "print \"a\" x 4096;" > a &&
-     perl -e "print \"b\" x 4096;" > b &&
-     perl -e "print \"c\" x 4096;" > c &&
+     "$PERL_PATH" -e "print \"a\" x 4096;" > a &&
+     "$PERL_PATH" -e "print \"b\" x 4096;" > b &&
+     "$PERL_PATH" -e "print \"c\" x 4096;" > c &&
      test-genrandom "seed a" 2097152 > a_big &&
      test-genrandom "seed b" 2097152 > b_big &&
      git update-index --add a a_big b b_big c &&
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@
 cd "$TRASH"
 
 test_expect_success 'compare delta flavors' '
-	perl -e '\''
+	"$PERL_PATH" -e '\''
 		defined($_ = -s $_) or die for @ARGV;
 		exit 1 if $ARGV[0] <= $ARGV[1];
 	'\'' test-2-$packname_2.pack test-3-$packname_3.pack
@@ -416,6 +416,11 @@
 test_expect_success \
     'make sure index-pack detects the SHA1 collision' \
     'test_must_fail git index-pack -o bad.idx test-3.pack 2>msg &&
-     grep "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND" msg'
+     test_i18ngrep "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND" msg'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'make sure index-pack detects the SHA1 collision (large blobs)' \
+    'test_must_fail git -c core.bigfilethreshold=1 index-pack -o bad.idx test-3.pack 2>msg &&
+     test_i18ngrep "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND" msg'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5303-pack-corruption-resilience.sh b/t/t5303-pack-corruption-resilience.sh
index 5f6cd4f..5b1250f 100755
--- a/t/t5303-pack-corruption-resilience.sh
+++ b/t/t5303-pack-corruption-resilience.sh
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@
     'create_new_pack &&
      git prune-packed &&
      chmod +w ${pack}.pack &&
-     perl -i.bak -pe "s/ base /abcdef/" ${pack}.pack &&
+     "$PERL_PATH" -i.bak -pe "s/ base /abcdef/" ${pack}.pack &&
      test_must_fail git cat-file blob $blob_1 > /dev/null &&
      test_must_fail git cat-file blob $blob_2 > /dev/null &&
      test_must_fail git cat-file blob $blob_3 > /dev/null'
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@
     'create_new_pack &&
      git prune-packed &&
      chmod +w ${pack}.pack &&
-     perl -i.bak -pe "s/ delta1 /abcdefgh/" ${pack}.pack &&
+     "$PERL_PATH" -i.bak -pe "s/ delta1 /abcdefgh/" ${pack}.pack &&
      git cat-file blob $blob_1 > /dev/null &&
      test_must_fail git cat-file blob $blob_2 > /dev/null &&
      test_must_fail git cat-file blob $blob_3 > /dev/null'
diff --git a/t/t5304-prune.sh b/t/t5304-prune.sh
index d645328..e4bb3a1 100755
--- a/t/t5304-prune.sh
+++ b/t/t5304-prune.sh
@@ -195,4 +195,30 @@
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'garbage report in count-objects -v' '
+	: >.git/objects/pack/foo &&
+	: >.git/objects/pack/foo.bar &&
+	: >.git/objects/pack/foo.keep &&
+	: >.git/objects/pack/foo.pack &&
+	: >.git/objects/pack/fake.bar &&
+	: >.git/objects/pack/fake.keep &&
+	: >.git/objects/pack/fake.pack &&
+	: >.git/objects/pack/fake.idx &&
+	: >.git/objects/pack/fake2.keep &&
+	: >.git/objects/pack/fake3.idx &&
+	git count-objects -v 2>stderr &&
+	grep "index file .git/objects/pack/fake.idx is too small" stderr &&
+	grep "^warning:" stderr | sort >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+warning: garbage found: .git/objects/pack/fake.bar
+warning: garbage found: .git/objects/pack/foo
+warning: garbage found: .git/objects/pack/foo.bar
+warning: no corresponding .idx nor .pack: .git/objects/pack/fake2.keep
+warning: no corresponding .idx: .git/objects/pack/foo.keep
+warning: no corresponding .idx: .git/objects/pack/foo.pack
+warning: no corresponding .pack: .git/objects/pack/fake3.idx
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5400-send-pack.sh b/t/t5400-send-pack.sh
index 0eace37..129fc88 100755
--- a/t/t5400-send-pack.sh
+++ b/t/t5400-send-pack.sh
@@ -145,6 +145,40 @@
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'receive-pack runs auto-gc in remote repo' '
+	rm -rf parent child &&
+	git init parent &&
+	(
+	    # Setup a repo with 2 packs
+	    cd parent &&
+	    echo "Some text" >file.txt &&
+	    git add . &&
+	    git commit -m "Initial commit" &&
+	    git repack -adl &&
+	    echo "Some more text" >>file.txt &&
+	    git commit -a -m "Second commit" &&
+	    git repack
+	) &&
+	cp -R parent child &&
+	(
+	    # Set the child to auto-pack if more than one pack exists
+	    cd child &&
+	    git config gc.autopacklimit 1 &&
+	    git branch test_auto_gc &&
+	    # And create a file that follows the temporary object naming
+	    # convention for the auto-gc to remove
+	    : >.git/objects/tmp_test_object &&
+	    test-chmtime =-1209601 .git/objects/tmp_test_object
+	) &&
+	(
+	    cd parent &&
+	    echo "Even more text" >>file.txt &&
+	    git commit -a -m "Third commit" &&
+	    git send-pack ../child HEAD:refs/heads/test_auto_gc
+	) &&
+	test ! -e child/.git/objects/tmp_test_object
+'
+
 rewound_push_setup() {
 	rm -rf parent child &&
 	mkdir parent &&
diff --git a/t/t5404-tracking-branches.sh b/t/t5404-tracking-branches.sh
index c240035..2b8c0ba 100755
--- a/t/t5404-tracking-branches.sh
+++ b/t/t5404-tracking-branches.sh
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'mixed-success push returns error' '
-	test_must_fail git push
+	test_must_fail git push origin :
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'check tracking branches updated correctly after push' '
diff --git a/t/t5500-fetch-pack.sh b/t/t5500-fetch-pack.sh
index 1d1ca98..fd2598e 100755
--- a/t/t5500-fetch-pack.sh
+++ b/t/t5500-fetch-pack.sh
@@ -125,16 +125,37 @@
 	test_cmp expected count.singlebranch
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'single given branch clone' '
+	git clone --single-branch --branch A "file://$(pwd)/." branch-a &&
+	test_must_fail git --git-dir=branch-a/.git rev-parse origin/B
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone shallow depth 1' '
+	git clone --no-single-branch --depth 1 "file://$(pwd)/." shallow0 &&
+	test "`git --git-dir=shallow0/.git rev-list --count HEAD`" = 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone shallow depth 1 with fsck' '
+	git config --global fetch.fsckobjects true &&
+	git clone --no-single-branch --depth 1 "file://$(pwd)/." shallow0fsck &&
+	test "`git --git-dir=shallow0fsck/.git rev-list --count HEAD`" = 1 &&
+	git config --global --unset fetch.fsckobjects
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'clone shallow' '
 	git clone --no-single-branch --depth 2 "file://$(pwd)/." shallow
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'clone shallow depth count' '
+	test "`git --git-dir=shallow/.git rev-list --count HEAD`" = 2
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'clone shallow object count' '
 	(
 		cd shallow &&
 		git count-objects -v
 	) > count.shallow &&
-	grep "^in-pack: 18" count.shallow
+	grep "^in-pack: 12" count.shallow
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'clone shallow object count (part 2)' '
@@ -251,12 +272,36 @@
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'clone shallow depth count' '
+	test "`git --git-dir=shallow/.git rev-list --count HEAD`" = 11
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'clone shallow object count' '
 	(
 		cd shallow &&
 		git count-objects -v
 	) > count.shallow &&
-	grep "^count: 52" count.shallow
+	grep "^count: 55" count.shallow
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch --no-shallow on full repo' '
+	test_must_fail git fetch --noshallow
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch --depth --no-shallow' '
+	(
+		cd shallow &&
+		test_must_fail git fetch --depth=1 --noshallow
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'turn shallow to complete repository' '
+	(
+		cd shallow &&
+		git fetch --unshallow &&
+		! test -f .git/shallow &&
+		git fsck --full
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'clone shallow without --no-single-branch' '
@@ -268,7 +313,7 @@
 		cd shallow2 &&
 		git count-objects -v
 	) > count.shallow2 &&
-	grep "^in-pack: 6" count.shallow2
+	grep "^in-pack: 3" count.shallow2
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'clone shallow with --branch' '
@@ -276,7 +321,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'clone shallow object count' '
-	echo "in-pack: 12" > count3.expected &&
+	echo "in-pack: 3" > count3.expected &&
 	GIT_DIR=shallow3/.git git count-objects -v |
 		grep "^in-pack" > count3.actual &&
 	test_cmp count3.expected count3.actual
@@ -305,7 +350,7 @@
 	GIT_DIR=shallow6/.git git tag -l >taglist.actual &&
 	test_cmp taglist.expected taglist.actual &&
 
-	echo "in-pack: 7" > count6.expected &&
+	echo "in-pack: 4" > count6.expected &&
 	GIT_DIR=shallow6/.git git count-objects -v |
 		grep "^in-pack" > count6.actual &&
 	test_cmp count6.expected count6.actual
@@ -320,12 +365,35 @@
 	GIT_DIR=shallow7/.git git tag -l >taglist.actual &&
 	test_cmp taglist.expected taglist.actual &&
 
-	echo "in-pack: 7" > count7.expected &&
+	echo "in-pack: 4" > count7.expected &&
 	GIT_DIR=shallow7/.git git count-objects -v |
 		grep "^in-pack" > count7.actual &&
 	test_cmp count7.expected count7.actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'clone shallow with packed refs' '
+	git pack-refs --all &&
+	git clone --depth 1 --branch A "file://$(pwd)/." shallow8 &&
+	echo "in-pack: 4" > count8.expected &&
+	GIT_DIR=shallow8/.git git count-objects -v |
+		grep "^in-pack" > count8.actual &&
+	test_cmp count8.expected count8.actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch in shallow repo unreachable shallow objects' '
+	(
+		git clone --bare --branch B --single-branch "file://$(pwd)/." no-reflog &&
+		git clone --depth 1 "file://$(pwd)/no-reflog" shallow9 &&
+		cd no-reflog &&
+		git tag -d TAGB1 TAGB2 &&
+		git update-ref refs/heads/B B~~ &&
+		git gc --prune=now &&
+		cd ../shallow9 &&
+		git fetch origin &&
+		git fsck --no-dangling
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'setup tests for the --stdin parameter' '
 	for head in C D E F
 	do
@@ -386,10 +454,55 @@
 test_expect_success 'test duplicate refs from stdin' '
 	(
 	cd client &&
-	test_must_fail git fetch-pack --stdin --no-progress .. <../input.dup
+	git fetch-pack --stdin --no-progress .. <../input.dup
 	) >output &&
 	cut -d " " -f 2 <output | sort >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'set up tests of missing reference' '
+	cat >expect-error <<-\EOF
+	error: no such remote ref refs/heads/xyzzy
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test lonely missing ref' '
+	(
+		cd client &&
+		test_must_fail git fetch-pack --no-progress .. refs/heads/xyzzy
+	) >/dev/null 2>error-m &&
+	test_cmp expect-error error-m
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test missing ref after existing' '
+	(
+		cd client &&
+		test_must_fail git fetch-pack --no-progress .. refs/heads/A refs/heads/xyzzy
+	) >/dev/null 2>error-em &&
+	test_cmp expect-error error-em
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test missing ref before existing' '
+	(
+		cd client &&
+		test_must_fail git fetch-pack --no-progress .. refs/heads/xyzzy refs/heads/A
+	) >/dev/null 2>error-me &&
+	test_cmp expect-error error-me
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test --all, --depth, and explicit head' '
+	(
+		cd client &&
+		git fetch-pack --no-progress --all --depth=1 .. refs/heads/A
+	) >out-adh 2>error-adh
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test --all, --depth, and explicit tag' '
+	git tag OLDTAG refs/heads/B~5 &&
+	(
+		cd client &&
+		git fetch-pack --no-progress --all --depth=1 .. refs/tags/OLDTAG
+	) >out-adt 2>error-adt
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5503-tagfollow.sh b/t/t5503-tagfollow.sh
index 60de2d6..f30c038 100755
--- a/t/t5503-tagfollow.sh
+++ b/t/t5503-tagfollow.sh
@@ -4,10 +4,6 @@
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-if ! test_have_prereq NOT_MINGW; then
-	say "GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK not supported - skipping tests"
-fi
-
 # End state of the repository:
 #
 #         T - tag1          S - tag2
@@ -17,7 +13,7 @@
 #     \   C - origin/cat    \
 #      origin/master         master
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW setup '
+test_expect_success setup '
 	test_tick &&
 	echo ichi >file &&
 	git add file &&
@@ -39,28 +35,35 @@
 '
 
 U=UPLOAD_LOG
+UPATH="$(pwd)/$U"
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'setup expect' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expect' '
 cat - <<EOF >expect
-#S
 want $A
-#E
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'fetch A (new commit : 1 connection)' '
+get_needs () {
+	test -s "$1" &&
+	perl -alne '
+		next unless $F[1] eq "upload-pack<";
+		last if $F[2] eq "0000";
+		print $F[2], " ", $F[3];
+	' "$1"
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch A (new commit : 1 connection)' '
 	rm -f $U &&
 	(
 		cd cloned &&
-		GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK=3 git fetch 3>../$U &&
+		GIT_TRACE_PACKET=$UPATH git fetch &&
 		test $A = $(git rev-parse --verify origin/master)
 	) &&
-	test -s $U &&
-	cut -d" " -f1,2 $U >actual &&
+	get_needs $U >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW "create tag T on A, create C on branch cat" '
+test_expect_success "create tag T on A, create C on branch cat" '
 	git tag -a -m tag1 tag1 $A &&
 	T=$(git rev-parse --verify tag1) &&
 
@@ -72,30 +75,27 @@
 	git checkout master
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'setup expect' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expect' '
 cat - <<EOF >expect
-#S
 want $C
 want $T
-#E
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'fetch C, T (new branch, tag : 1 connection)' '
+test_expect_success 'fetch C, T (new branch, tag : 1 connection)' '
 	rm -f $U &&
 	(
 		cd cloned &&
-		GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK=3 git fetch 3>../$U &&
+		GIT_TRACE_PACKET=$UPATH git fetch &&
 		test $C = $(git rev-parse --verify origin/cat) &&
 		test $T = $(git rev-parse --verify tag1) &&
 		test $A = $(git rev-parse --verify tag1^0)
 	) &&
-	test -s $U &&
-	cut -d" " -f1,2 $U >actual &&
+	get_needs $U >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW "create commits O, B, tag S on B" '
+test_expect_success "create commits O, B, tag S on B" '
 	test_tick &&
 	echo O >file &&
 	git add file &&
@@ -111,39 +111,34 @@
 	S=$(git rev-parse --verify tag2)
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'setup expect' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expect' '
 cat - <<EOF >expect
-#S
 want $B
 want $S
-#E
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'fetch B, S (commit and tag : 1 connection)' '
+test_expect_success 'fetch B, S (commit and tag : 1 connection)' '
 	rm -f $U &&
 	(
 		cd cloned &&
-		GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK=3 git fetch 3>../$U &&
+		GIT_TRACE_PACKET=$UPATH git fetch &&
 		test $B = $(git rev-parse --verify origin/master) &&
 		test $B = $(git rev-parse --verify tag2^0) &&
 		test $S = $(git rev-parse --verify tag2)
 	) &&
-	test -s $U &&
-	cut -d" " -f1,2 $U >actual &&
+	get_needs $U >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'setup expect' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expect' '
 cat - <<EOF >expect
-#S
 want $B
 want $S
-#E
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'new clone fetch master and tags' '
+test_expect_success 'new clone fetch master and tags' '
 	git branch -D cat
 	rm -f $U
 	(
@@ -151,15 +146,14 @@
 		cd clone2 &&
 		git init &&
 		git remote add origin .. &&
-		GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK=3 git fetch 3>../$U &&
+		GIT_TRACE_PACKET=$UPATH git fetch &&
 		test $B = $(git rev-parse --verify origin/master) &&
 		test $S = $(git rev-parse --verify tag2) &&
 		test $B = $(git rev-parse --verify tag2^0) &&
 		test $T = $(git rev-parse --verify tag1) &&
 		test $A = $(git rev-parse --verify tag1^0)
 	) &&
-	test -s $U &&
-	cut -d" " -f1,2 $U >actual &&
+	get_needs $U >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t5504-fetch-receive-strict.sh b/t/t5504-fetch-receive-strict.sh
index 35ec294..69ee13c 100755
--- a/t/t5504-fetch-receive-strict.sh
+++ b/t/t5504-fetch-receive-strict.sh
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@
 
 cat >exp <<EOF
 To dst
-!	refs/heads/master:refs/heads/test	[remote rejected] (n/a (unpacker error))
+!	refs/heads/master:refs/heads/test	[remote rejected] (unpacker error)
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'push with receive.fsckobjects' '
diff --git a/t/t5505-remote.sh b/t/t5505-remote.sh
index e8af615..dd10ff0 100755
--- a/t/t5505-remote.sh
+++ b/t/t5505-remote.sh
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'remote information for the origin' '
+test_expect_success C_LOCALE_OUTPUT 'remote information for the origin' '
 (
 	cd test &&
 	tokens_match origin "$(git remote)" &&
@@ -66,8 +66,6 @@
 	cd test &&
 	git remote add -f second ../two &&
 	tokens_match "origin second" "$(git remote)" &&
-	check_remote_track origin master side &&
-	check_remote_track second master side another &&
 	check_tracking_branch second master side another &&
 	git for-each-ref "--format=%(refname)" refs/remotes |
 	sed -e "/^refs\/remotes\/origin\//d" \
@@ -77,6 +75,14 @@
 )
 '
 
+test_expect_success C_LOCALE_OUTPUT 'check remote tracking' '
+(
+	cd test &&
+	check_remote_track origin master side &&
+	check_remote_track second master side another
+)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'remote forces tracking branches' '
 (
 	cd test &&
@@ -95,7 +101,7 @@
 )
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'remove remote' '
+test_expect_success C_LOCALE_OUTPUT 'remove remote' '
 (
 	cd test &&
 	tokens_match origin "$(git remote)" &&
@@ -125,14 +131,14 @@
 	} &&
 	git tag footag &&
 	git config --add remote.oops.fetch "+refs/*:refs/*" &&
-	git remote rm oops 2>actual1 &&
+	git remote remove oops 2>actual1 &&
 	git branch foobranch &&
 	git config --add remote.oops.fetch "+refs/*:refs/*" &&
 	git remote rm oops 2>actual2 &&
 	git branch -d foobranch &&
 	git tag -d footag &&
-	test_cmp expect1 actual1 &&
-	test_cmp expect2 actual2
+	test_i18ncmp expect1 actual1 &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect2 actual2
 )
 '
 
@@ -192,7 +198,7 @@
 	 git config --add remote.two.push refs/heads/master:refs/heads/another &&
 	 git remote show origin two > output &&
 	 git branch -d rebase octopus &&
-	 test_cmp expect output)
+	 test_i18ncmp expect output)
 '
 
 cat > test/expect << EOF
@@ -217,7 +223,7 @@
 	 cd test &&
 	 git remote show -n origin > output &&
 	 mv ../one.unreachable ../one &&
-	 test_cmp expect output)
+	 test_i18ncmp expect output)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prune' '
@@ -255,7 +261,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'set-head --auto fails w/multiple HEADs' '
 	(cd test &&
 	 test_must_fail git remote set-head --auto two >output 2>&1 &&
-	test_cmp expect output)
+	test_i18ncmp expect output)
 '
 
 cat >test/expect <<EOF
@@ -285,7 +291,7 @@
 	 test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side &&
 	(cd ../one &&
 	 git branch -m side side2) &&
-	 test_cmp expect output)
+	 test_i18ncmp expect output)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'add --mirror && prune' '
@@ -339,7 +345,7 @@
 	) &&
 	(cd mirror-fetch/child &&
 	 git branch -m renamed renamed2 &&
-	 git push parent
+	 git push parent :
 	) &&
 	(cd mirror-fetch/parent &&
 	 git rev-parse --verify renamed &&
@@ -672,7 +678,7 @@
 	git clone one five &&
 	origin_url=$(pwd)/one &&
 	(cd five &&
-	 git remote rm origin &&
+	 git remote remove origin &&
 	 mkdir -p .git/remotes &&
 	 cat ../remotes_origin > .git/remotes/origin &&
 	 git remote rename origin origin &&
@@ -705,7 +711,7 @@
 		cd seven &&
 		git remote prune origin
 	) >err 2>&1 &&
-	grep "has become dangling" err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "has become dangling" err &&
 
 	: And the dangling symref will not cause other annoying errors &&
 	(
@@ -997,4 +1003,26 @@
 	cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'extra args: setup' '
+	# add a dummy origin so that this does not trigger failure
+	git remote add origin .
+'
+
+test_extra_arg () {
+	test_expect_success "extra args: $*" "
+		test_must_fail git remote $* bogus_extra_arg 2>actual &&
+		grep '^usage:' actual
+	"
+}
+
+test_extra_arg add nick url
+test_extra_arg rename origin newname
+test_extra_arg remove origin
+test_extra_arg set-head origin master
+# set-branches takes any number of args
+test_extra_arg set-url origin newurl oldurl
+# show takes any number of args
+# prune takes any number of args
+# update takes any number of args
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5512-ls-remote.sh b/t/t5512-ls-remote.sh
index 6764d51..321c3e5 100755
--- a/t/t5512-ls-remote.sh
+++ b/t/t5512-ls-remote.sh
@@ -87,17 +87,15 @@
 test_expect_success 'confuses pattern as remote when no remote specified' '
 	cat >exp <<-\EOF &&
 	fatal: '\''refs*master'\'' does not appear to be a git repository
-	fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly
+	fatal: Could not read from remote repository.
+
+	Please make sure you have the correct access rights
+	and the repository exists.
 	EOF
 	#
-	# Do not expect "git ls-remote <pattern>" to work; ls-remote, correctly,
-	# confuses <pattern> for <remote>. Although ugly, this behaviour is akin
-	# to the confusion of refspecs for remotes by git-fetch and git-push,
-	# eg:
-	#
-	#   $ git fetch branch
-	#
-
+	# Do not expect "git ls-remote <pattern>" to work; ls-remote needs
+	# <remote> if you want to feed <pattern>, just like you cannot say
+	# fetch <branch>.
 	# We could just as easily have used "master"; the "*" emphasizes its
 	# role as a pattern.
 	test_must_fail git ls-remote refs*master >actual 2>&1 &&
@@ -128,4 +126,16 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+for configsection in transfer uploadpack
+do
+	test_expect_success "Hide some refs with $configsection.hiderefs" '
+		test_config $configsection.hiderefs refs/tags &&
+		git ls-remote . >actual &&
+		test_unconfig $configsection.hiderefs &&
+		git ls-remote . |
+		sed -e "/	refs\/tags\//d" >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	'
+done
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5514-fetch-multiple.sh b/t/t5514-fetch-multiple.sh
index 227dd56..0f81409 100755
--- a/t/t5514-fetch-multiple.sh
+++ b/t/t5514-fetch-multiple.sh
@@ -151,4 +151,34 @@
 	 test_cmp ../expect output)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git fetch --all --no-tags' '
+	>expect &&
+	git clone one test5 &&
+	git clone test5 test6 &&
+	(cd test5 && git tag test-tag) &&
+	(
+		cd test6 &&
+		git fetch --all --no-tags &&
+		git tag >output
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect test6/output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git fetch --all --tags' '
+	echo test-tag >expect &&
+	git clone one test7 &&
+	git clone test7 test8 &&
+	(
+		cd test7 &&
+		test_commit test-tag &&
+		git reset --hard HEAD^
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd test8 &&
+		git fetch --all --tags &&
+		git tag >output
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect test8/output
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5516-fetch-push.sh b/t/t5516-fetch-push.sh
index b5417cc..4691d51 100755
--- a/t/t5516-fetch-push.sh
+++ b/t/t5516-fetch-push.sh
@@ -1,16 +1,28 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
-test_description='fetching and pushing, with or without wildcard'
+test_description='Basic fetch/push functionality.
+
+This test checks the following functionality:
+
+* command-line syntax
+* refspecs
+* fast-forward detection, and overriding it
+* configuration
+* hooks
+* --porcelain output format
+* hiderefs
+'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 D=`pwd`
 
 mk_empty () {
-	rm -fr testrepo &&
-	mkdir testrepo &&
+	repo_name="$1"
+	rm -fr "$repo_name" &&
+	mkdir "$repo_name" &&
 	(
-		cd testrepo &&
+		cd "$repo_name" &&
 		git init &&
 		git config receive.denyCurrentBranch warn &&
 		mv .git/hooks .git/hooks-disabled
@@ -18,32 +30,33 @@
 }
 
 mk_test () {
-	mk_empty &&
+	repo_name="$1"
+	shift
+
+	mk_empty "$repo_name" &&
 	(
 		for ref in "$@"
 		do
-			git push testrepo $the_first_commit:refs/$ref || {
-				echo "Oops, push refs/$ref failure"
-				exit 1
-			}
+			git push "$repo_name" $the_first_commit:refs/$ref ||
+			exit
 		done &&
-		cd testrepo &&
+		cd "$repo_name" &&
 		for ref in "$@"
 		do
-			r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/$ref) &&
-			test "z$r" = "z$the_first_commit" || {
-				echo "Oops, refs/$ref is wrong"
-				exit 1
-			}
+			echo "$the_first_commit" >expect &&
+			git show-ref -s --verify refs/$ref >actual &&
+			test_cmp expect actual ||
+			exit
 		done &&
 		git fsck --full
 	)
 }
 
 mk_test_with_hooks() {
+	repo_name=$1
 	mk_test "$@" &&
 	(
-		cd testrepo &&
+		cd "$repo_name" &&
 		mkdir .git/hooks &&
 		cd .git/hooks &&
 
@@ -75,22 +88,23 @@
 }
 
 mk_child() {
-	rm -rf "$1" &&
-	git clone testrepo "$1"
+	rm -rf "$2" &&
+	git clone "$1" "$2"
 }
 
 check_push_result () {
+	repo_name="$1"
+	shift
+
 	(
-		cd testrepo &&
-		it="$1" &&
-		shift
+		cd "$repo_name" &&
+		echo "$1" >expect &&
+		shift &&
 		for ref in "$@"
 		do
-			r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/$ref) &&
-			test "z$r" = "z$it" || {
-				echo "Oops, refs/$ref is wrong"
-				exit 1
-			}
+			git show-ref -s --verify refs/$ref >actual &&
+			test_cmp expect actual ||
+			exit
 		done &&
 		git fsck --full
 	)
@@ -113,35 +127,33 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'fetch without wildcard' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
 		git fetch .. refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master &&
 
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/remotes/origin/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'fetch with wildcard' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
 		git config remote.up.url .. &&
 		git config remote.up.fetch "refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*" &&
 		git fetch up &&
 
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/remotes/origin/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'fetch with insteadOf' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	(
 		TRASH=$(pwd)/ &&
 		cd testrepo &&
@@ -150,15 +162,14 @@
 		git config remote.up.fetch "refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*" &&
 		git fetch up &&
 
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/remotes/origin/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'fetch with pushInsteadOf (should not rewrite)' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	(
 		TRASH=$(pwd)/ &&
 		cd testrepo &&
@@ -167,321 +178,310 @@
 		git config remote.up.fetch "refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*" &&
 		git fetch up &&
 
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/remotes/origin/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push without wildcard' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 
 	git push testrepo refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/remotes/origin/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with wildcard' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 
 	git push testrepo "refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*" &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/remotes/origin/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with insteadOf' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	TRASH="$(pwd)/" &&
-	git config "url.$TRASH.insteadOf" trash/ &&
+	test_config "url.$TRASH.insteadOf" trash/ &&
 	git push trash/testrepo refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/remotes/origin/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with pushInsteadOf' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	TRASH="$(pwd)/" &&
-	git config "url.$TRASH.pushInsteadOf" trash/ &&
+	test_config "url.$TRASH.pushInsteadOf" trash/ &&
 	git push trash/testrepo refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/remotes/origin/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with pushInsteadOf and explicit pushurl (pushInsteadOf should not rewrite)' '
-	mk_empty &&
-	TRASH="$(pwd)/" &&
-	git config "url.trash2/.pushInsteadOf" trash/ &&
-	git config remote.r.url trash/wrong &&
-	git config remote.r.pushurl "$TRASH/testrepo" &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
+	test_config "url.trash2/.pushInsteadOf" testrepo/ &&
+	test_config "url.trash3/.pusnInsteadOf" trash/wrong &&
+	test_config remote.r.url trash/wrong &&
+	test_config remote.r.pushurl "testrepo/" &&
 	git push r refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/remotes/origin/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with matching heads' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
-	git push testrepo &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	git push testrepo : &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with matching heads on the command line' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	git push testrepo : &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'failed (non-fast-forward) push with matching heads' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	git push testrepo : &&
 	git commit --amend -massaged &&
 	test_must_fail git push testrepo &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master &&
 	git reset --hard $the_commit
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push --force with matching heads' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	git push testrepo : &&
 	git commit --amend -massaged &&
-	git push --force testrepo &&
-	! check_push_result $the_commit heads/master &&
+	git push --force testrepo : &&
+	! check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master &&
 	git reset --hard $the_commit
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with matching heads and forced update' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	git push testrepo : &&
 	git commit --amend -massaged &&
 	git push testrepo +: &&
-	! check_push_result $the_commit heads/master &&
+	! check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master &&
 	git reset --hard $the_commit
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with no ambiguity (1)' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	git push testrepo master:master &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with no ambiguity (2)' '
 
-	mk_test remotes/origin/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo remotes/origin/master &&
 	git push testrepo master:origin/master &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit remotes/origin/master
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit remotes/origin/master
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with colon-less refspec, no ambiguity' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master heads/t/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master heads/t/master &&
 	git branch -f t/master master &&
 	git push testrepo master &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master &&
-	check_push_result $the_first_commit heads/t/master
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit heads/t/master
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with weak ambiguity (1)' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master remotes/origin/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master remotes/origin/master &&
 	git push testrepo master:master &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master &&
-	check_push_result $the_first_commit remotes/origin/master
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit remotes/origin/master
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with weak ambiguity (2)' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master remotes/origin/master remotes/another/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master remotes/origin/master remotes/another/master &&
 	git push testrepo master:master &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master &&
-	check_push_result $the_first_commit remotes/origin/master remotes/another/master
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit remotes/origin/master remotes/another/master
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with ambiguity' '
 
-	mk_test heads/frotz tags/frotz &&
-	if git push testrepo master:frotz
-	then
-		echo "Oops, should have failed"
-		false
-	else
-		check_push_result $the_first_commit heads/frotz tags/frotz
-	fi
+	mk_test testrepo heads/frotz tags/frotz &&
+	test_must_fail git push testrepo master:frotz &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit heads/frotz tags/frotz
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with colon-less refspec (1)' '
 
-	mk_test heads/frotz tags/frotz &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/frotz tags/frotz &&
 	git branch -f frotz master &&
 	git push testrepo frotz &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/frotz &&
-	check_push_result $the_first_commit tags/frotz
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/frotz &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit tags/frotz
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with colon-less refspec (2)' '
 
-	mk_test heads/frotz tags/frotz &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/frotz tags/frotz &&
 	if git show-ref --verify -q refs/heads/frotz
 	then
 		git branch -D frotz
 	fi &&
 	git tag -f frotz &&
-	git push testrepo frotz &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit tags/frotz &&
-	check_push_result $the_first_commit heads/frotz
+	git push -f testrepo frotz &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit tags/frotz &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit heads/frotz
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with colon-less refspec (3)' '
 
-	mk_test &&
+	mk_test testrepo &&
 	if git show-ref --verify -q refs/tags/frotz
 	then
 		git tag -d frotz
 	fi &&
 	git branch -f frotz master &&
 	git push testrepo frotz &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/frotz &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/frotz &&
 	test 1 = $( cd testrepo && git show-ref | wc -l )
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with colon-less refspec (4)' '
 
-	mk_test &&
+	mk_test testrepo &&
 	if git show-ref --verify -q refs/heads/frotz
 	then
 		git branch -D frotz
 	fi &&
 	git tag -f frotz &&
 	git push testrepo frotz &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit tags/frotz &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit tags/frotz &&
 	test 1 = $( cd testrepo && git show-ref | wc -l )
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push head with non-existent, incomplete dest' '
 
-	mk_test &&
+	mk_test testrepo &&
 	git push testrepo master:branch &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/branch
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/branch
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push tag with non-existent, incomplete dest' '
 
-	mk_test &&
+	mk_test testrepo &&
 	git tag -f v1.0 &&
 	git push testrepo v1.0:tag &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit tags/tag
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit tags/tag
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push sha1 with non-existent, incomplete dest' '
 
-	mk_test &&
+	mk_test testrepo &&
 	test_must_fail git push testrepo `git rev-parse master`:foo
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push ref expression with non-existent, incomplete dest' '
 
-	mk_test &&
+	mk_test testrepo &&
 	test_must_fail git push testrepo master^:branch
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with HEAD' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	git push testrepo HEAD &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with HEAD nonexisting at remote' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	git checkout -b local master &&
 	git push testrepo HEAD &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/local
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/local
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with +HEAD' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	git branch -D local &&
 	git checkout -b local &&
 	git push testrepo master local &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/local &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/local &&
 
 	# Without force rewinding should fail
 	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
 	test_must_fail git push testrepo HEAD &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/local &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/local &&
 
 	# With force rewinding should succeed
 	git push testrepo +HEAD &&
-	check_push_result $the_first_commit heads/local
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit heads/local
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push HEAD with non-existent, incomplete dest' '
 
-	mk_test &&
+	mk_test testrepo &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	git push testrepo HEAD:branch &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/branch
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/branch
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with config remote.*.push = HEAD' '
 
-	mk_test heads/local &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/local &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	git branch -f local $the_commit &&
 	(
@@ -489,46 +489,68 @@
 		git checkout local &&
 		git reset --hard $the_first_commit
 	) &&
-	git config remote.there.url testrepo &&
-	git config remote.there.push HEAD &&
-	git config branch.master.remote there &&
+	test_config remote.there.url testrepo &&
+	test_config remote.there.push HEAD &&
+	test_config branch.master.remote there &&
 	git push &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master &&
-	check_push_result $the_first_commit heads/local
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit heads/local
 '
 
-# clean up the cruft left with the previous one
-git config --remove-section remote.there
-git config --remove-section branch.master
+test_expect_success 'push with remote.pushdefault' '
+	mk_test up_repo heads/master &&
+	mk_test down_repo heads/master &&
+	test_config remote.up.url up_repo &&
+	test_config remote.down.url down_repo &&
+	test_config branch.master.remote up &&
+	test_config remote.pushdefault down &&
+	test_config push.default matching &&
+	git push &&
+	check_push_result up_repo $the_first_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result down_repo $the_commit heads/master
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'push with config remote.*.pushurl' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	git checkout master &&
-	git config remote.there.url test2repo &&
-	git config remote.there.pushurl testrepo &&
-	git push there &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master
+	test_config remote.there.url test2repo &&
+	test_config remote.there.pushurl testrepo &&
+	git push there : &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master
 '
 
-# clean up the cruft left with the previous one
-git config --remove-section remote.there
+test_expect_success 'push with config branch.*.pushremote' '
+	mk_test up_repo heads/master &&
+	mk_test side_repo heads/master &&
+	mk_test down_repo heads/master &&
+	test_config remote.up.url up_repo &&
+	test_config remote.pushdefault side_repo &&
+	test_config remote.down.url down_repo &&
+	test_config branch.master.remote up &&
+	test_config branch.master.pushremote down &&
+	test_config push.default matching &&
+	git push &&
+	check_push_result up_repo $the_first_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result side_repo $the_first_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result down_repo $the_commit heads/master
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'push with dry-run' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
 		old_commit=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master)
 	) &&
-	git push --dry-run testrepo &&
-	check_push_result $old_commit heads/master
+	git push --dry-run testrepo : &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $old_commit heads/master
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push updates local refs' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
-	mk_child child &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	mk_child testrepo child &&
 	(
 		cd child &&
 		git pull .. master &&
@@ -541,9 +563,9 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'push updates up-to-date local refs' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
-	mk_child child1 &&
-	mk_child child2 &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	mk_child testrepo child1 &&
+	mk_child testrepo child2 &&
 	(cd child1 && git pull .. master && git push) &&
 	(
 		cd child2 &&
@@ -557,8 +579,8 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'push preserves up-to-date packed refs' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
-	mk_child child &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	mk_child testrepo child &&
 	(
 		cd child &&
 		git push &&
@@ -569,8 +591,8 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'push does not update local refs on failure' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
-	mk_child child &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	mk_child testrepo child &&
 	mkdir testrepo/.git/hooks &&
 	echo "#!/no/frobnication/today" >testrepo/.git/hooks/pre-receive &&
 	chmod +x testrepo/.git/hooks/pre-receive &&
@@ -586,7 +608,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'allow deleting an invalid remote ref' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	rm -f testrepo/.git/objects/??/* &&
 	git push testrepo :refs/heads/master &&
 	(cd testrepo && test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/master)
@@ -594,7 +616,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'pushing valid refs triggers post-receive and post-update hooks' '
-	mk_test_with_hooks heads/master heads/next &&
+	mk_test_with_hooks testrepo heads/master heads/next &&
 	orgmaster=$(cd testrepo && git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
 	newmaster=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
 	orgnext=$(cd testrepo && git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/next) &&
@@ -630,7 +652,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'deleting dangling ref triggers hooks with correct args' '
-	mk_test_with_hooks heads/master &&
+	mk_test_with_hooks testrepo heads/master &&
 	rm -f testrepo/.git/objects/??/* &&
 	git push testrepo :refs/heads/master &&
 	(
@@ -659,7 +681,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'deletion of a non-existent ref is not fed to post-receive and post-update hooks' '
-	mk_test_with_hooks heads/master &&
+	mk_test_with_hooks testrepo heads/master &&
 	orgmaster=$(cd testrepo && git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
 	newmaster=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
 	git push testrepo master :refs/heads/nonexistent &&
@@ -691,7 +713,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'deletion of a non-existent ref alone does trigger post-receive and post-update hooks' '
-	mk_test_with_hooks heads/master &&
+	mk_test_with_hooks testrepo heads/master &&
 	git push testrepo :refs/heads/nonexistent &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo/.git &&
@@ -711,7 +733,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'mixed ref updates, deletes, invalid deletes trigger hooks with correct input' '
-	mk_test_with_hooks heads/master heads/next heads/pu &&
+	mk_test_with_hooks testrepo heads/master heads/next heads/pu &&
 	orgmaster=$(cd testrepo && git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
 	newmaster=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
 	orgnext=$(cd testrepo && git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/next) &&
@@ -757,14 +779,14 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'allow deleting a ref using --delete' '
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	(cd testrepo && git config receive.denyDeleteCurrent warn) &&
 	git push testrepo --delete master &&
 	(cd testrepo && test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/master)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'allow deleting a tag using --delete' '
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	git tag -a -m dummy_message deltag heads/master &&
 	git push testrepo --tags &&
 	(cd testrepo && git rev-parse --verify -q refs/tags/deltag) &&
@@ -773,17 +795,17 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push --delete without args aborts' '
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	test_must_fail git push testrepo --delete
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push --delete refuses src:dest refspecs' '
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	test_must_fail git push testrepo --delete master:foo
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'warn on push to HEAD of non-bare repository' '
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
 		git checkout master &&
@@ -794,7 +816,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'deny push to HEAD of non-bare repository' '
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
 		git checkout master &&
@@ -804,7 +826,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'allow push to HEAD of bare repository (bare)' '
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
 		git checkout master &&
@@ -816,7 +838,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'allow push to HEAD of non-bare repository (config)' '
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
 		git checkout master &&
@@ -827,63 +849,63 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'fetch with branches' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	git branch second $the_first_commit &&
 	git checkout second &&
 	echo ".." > testrepo/.git/branches/branch1 &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
 		git fetch branch1 &&
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/branch1) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/heads | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/heads/branch1" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/heads >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	) &&
 	git checkout master
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'fetch with branches containing #' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	echo "..#second" > testrepo/.git/branches/branch2 &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
 		git fetch branch2 &&
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/branch2) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_first_commit" &&
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/heads | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_first_commit commit	refs/heads/branch2" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/heads >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	) &&
 	git checkout master
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with branches' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	git checkout second &&
 	echo "testrepo" > .git/branches/branch1 &&
 	git push branch1 &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_first_commit" &&
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/heads | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_first_commit commit	refs/heads/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/heads >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with branches containing #' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	echo "testrepo#branch3" > .git/branches/branch2 &&
 	git push branch2 &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/branch3) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_first_commit" &&
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/heads | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_first_commit commit	refs/heads/branch3" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/heads >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	) &&
 	git checkout master
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push into aliased refs (consistent)' '
-	mk_test heads/master &&
-	mk_child child1 &&
-	mk_child child2 &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	mk_child testrepo child1 &&
+	mk_child testrepo child2 &&
 	(
 		cd child1 &&
 		git branch foo &&
@@ -903,9 +925,9 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push into aliased refs (inconsistent)' '
-	mk_test heads/master &&
-	mk_child child1 &&
-	mk_child child2 &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	mk_child testrepo child1 &&
+	mk_child testrepo child2 &&
 	(
 		cd child1 &&
 		git branch foo &&
@@ -929,29 +951,50 @@
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'push requires --force to update lightweight tag' '
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	mk_child testrepo child1 &&
+	mk_child testrepo child2 &&
+	(
+		cd child1 &&
+		git tag Tag &&
+		git push ../child2 Tag &&
+		git push ../child2 Tag &&
+		>file1 &&
+		git add file1 &&
+		git commit -m "file1" &&
+		git tag -f Tag &&
+		test_must_fail git push ../child2 Tag &&
+		git push --force ../child2 Tag &&
+		git tag -f Tag &&
+		test_must_fail git push ../child2 Tag HEAD~ &&
+		git push --force ../child2 Tag
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'push --porcelain' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	echo >.git/foo  "To testrepo" &&
 	echo >>.git/foo "*	refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master	[new branch]"  &&
 	echo >>.git/foo "Done" &&
 	git push >.git/bar --porcelain  testrepo refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/remotes/origin/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	) &&
 	test_cmp .git/foo .git/bar
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push --porcelain bad url' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	test_must_fail git push >.git/bar --porcelain asdfasdfasd refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master &&
 	test_must_fail grep -q Done .git/bar
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push --porcelain rejected' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	git push testrepo refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master &&
 	(cd testrepo &&
 		git reset --hard origin/master^
@@ -965,7 +1008,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push --porcelain --dry-run rejected' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	git push testrepo refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master &&
 	(cd testrepo &&
 		git reset --hard origin/master
@@ -980,19 +1023,153 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push --prune' '
-	mk_test heads/master heads/second heads/foo heads/bar &&
-	git push --prune testrepo &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master &&
-	check_push_result $the_first_commit heads/second &&
-	! check_push_result $the_first_commit heads/foo heads/bar
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master heads/second heads/foo heads/bar &&
+	git push --prune testrepo : &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit heads/second &&
+	! check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit heads/foo heads/bar
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push --prune refspec' '
-	mk_test tmp/master tmp/second tmp/foo tmp/bar &&
+	mk_test testrepo tmp/master tmp/second tmp/foo tmp/bar &&
 	git push --prune testrepo "refs/heads/*:refs/tmp/*" &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit tmp/master &&
-	check_push_result $the_first_commit tmp/second &&
-	! check_push_result $the_first_commit tmp/foo tmp/bar
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit tmp/master &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit tmp/second &&
+	! check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit tmp/foo tmp/bar
+'
+
+for configsection in transfer receive
+do
+	test_expect_success "push to update a ref hidden by $configsection.hiderefs" '
+		mk_test testrepo heads/master hidden/one hidden/two hidden/three &&
+		(
+			cd testrepo &&
+			git config $configsection.hiderefs refs/hidden
+		) &&
+
+		# push to unhidden ref succeeds normally
+		git push testrepo master:refs/heads/master &&
+		check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master &&
+
+		# push to update a hidden ref should fail
+		test_must_fail git push testrepo master:refs/hidden/one &&
+		check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit hidden/one &&
+
+		# push to delete a hidden ref should fail
+		test_must_fail git push testrepo :refs/hidden/two &&
+		check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit hidden/two &&
+
+		# idempotent push to update a hidden ref should fail
+		test_must_fail git push testrepo $the_first_commit:refs/hidden/three &&
+		check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit hidden/three
+	'
+done
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch exact SHA1' '
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master hidden/one &&
+	git push testrepo master:refs/hidden/one &&
+	(
+		cd testrepo &&
+		git config transfer.hiderefs refs/hidden
+	) &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit hidden/one &&
+
+	mk_child testrepo child &&
+	(
+		cd child &&
+
+		# make sure $the_commit does not exist here
+		git repack -a -d &&
+		git prune &&
+		test_must_fail git cat-file -t $the_commit &&
+
+		# fetching the hidden object should fail by default
+		test_must_fail git fetch -v ../testrepo $the_commit:refs/heads/copy &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/copy &&
+
+		# the server side can allow it to succeed
+		(
+			cd ../testrepo &&
+			git config uploadpack.allowtipsha1inwant true
+		) &&
+
+		git fetch -v ../testrepo $the_commit:refs/heads/copy &&
+		result=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/copy) &&
+		test "$the_commit" = "$result"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch follows tags by default' '
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	rm -fr src dst &&
+	git init src &&
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		git pull ../testrepo master &&
+		git tag -m "annotated" tag &&
+		git for-each-ref >tmp1 &&
+		(
+			cat tmp1
+			sed -n "s|refs/heads/master$|refs/remotes/origin/master|p" tmp1
+		) |
+		sort -k 3 >../expect
+	) &&
+	git init dst &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		git remote add origin ../src &&
+		git config branch.master.remote origin &&
+		git config branch.master.merge refs/heads/master &&
+		git pull &&
+		git for-each-ref >../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push does not follow tags by default' '
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	rm -fr src dst &&
+	git init src &&
+	git init --bare dst &&
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		git pull ../testrepo master &&
+		git tag -m "annotated" tag &&
+		git checkout -b another &&
+		git commit --allow-empty -m "future commit" &&
+		git tag -m "future" future &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/heads/master >../expect &&
+		git push ../dst master
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		git for-each-ref >../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push --follow-tag only pushes relevant tags' '
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	rm -fr src dst &&
+	git init src &&
+	git init --bare dst &&
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		git pull ../testrepo master &&
+		git tag -m "annotated" tag &&
+		git checkout -b another &&
+		git commit --allow-empty -m "future commit" &&
+		git tag -m "future" future &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/heads/master refs/tags/tag >../expect
+		git push --follow-tag ../dst master
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		git for-each-ref >../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5517-push-mirror.sh b/t/t5517-push-mirror.sh
index e2ad260..12a5dfb 100755
--- a/t/t5517-push-mirror.sh
+++ b/t/t5517-push-mirror.sh
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@
 		git branch keep master &&
 		git push --mirror up &&
 		git branch -D keep &&
-		git push up
+		git push up :
 	) &&
 	(
 		cd mirror &&
diff --git a/t/t5519-push-alternates.sh b/t/t5519-push-alternates.sh
index c00c9b0..11fcd37 100755
--- a/t/t5519-push-alternates.sh
+++ b/t/t5519-push-alternates.sh
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
 		cd alice-work &&
 		echo more >file &&
 		git commit -a -m second &&
-		git push ../alice-pub
+		git push ../alice-pub :
 	)
 '
 
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
 		git pull ../alice-pub master &&
 		echo more bob >file &&
 		git commit -a -m third &&
-		git push ../bob-pub
+		git push ../bob-pub :
 	) &&
 
 	# Check that the second commit by Alice is not sent
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@
 		cd alice-work &&
 		echo more alice >file &&
 		git commit -a -m fourth &&
-		git push ../alice-pub
+		git push ../alice-pub :
 	)
 '
 
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@
 		cd bob-work &&
 		echo yet more bob >file &&
 		git commit -a -m fifth &&
-		git push ../bob-pub
+		git push ../bob-pub :
 	)
 '
 
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@
 		git commit -a -m sixth.2 &&
 		echo more and more alice >>file &&
 		git commit -a -m sixth.3 &&
-		git push ../alice-pub
+		git push ../alice-pub :
 	)
 '
 
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@
 		git hash-object -t commit -w commit &&
 		echo even more bob >file &&
 		git commit -a -m seventh &&
-		git push ../bob-pub
+		git push ../bob-pub :
 	)
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t5520-pull.sh b/t/t5520-pull.sh
index 35304b4..ed4d9c8 100755
--- a/t/t5520-pull.sh
+++ b/t/t5520-pull.sh
@@ -57,6 +57,35 @@
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'pulling into void does not overwrite staged files' '
+	git init cloned-staged-colliding &&
+	(
+		cd cloned-staged-colliding &&
+		echo "alternate content" >file &&
+		git add file &&
+		test_must_fail git pull .. master &&
+		echo "alternate content" >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect file &&
+		git cat-file blob :file >file.index &&
+		test_cmp expect file.index
+	)
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'pulling into void does not remove new staged files' '
+	git init cloned-staged-new &&
+	(
+		cd cloned-staged-new &&
+		echo "new tracked file" >newfile &&
+		git add newfile &&
+		git pull .. master &&
+		echo "new tracked file" >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect newfile &&
+		git cat-file blob :newfile >newfile.index &&
+		test_cmp expect newfile.index
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'test . as a remote' '
 
 	git branch copy master &&
@@ -96,8 +125,7 @@
 '
 test_expect_success 'pull.rebase' '
 	git reset --hard before-rebase &&
-	git config --bool pull.rebase true &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset pull.rebase" &&
+	test_config pull.rebase true &&
 	git pull . copy &&
 	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^) = $(git rev-parse copy) &&
 	test new = $(git show HEAD:file2)
@@ -105,8 +133,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'branch.to-rebase.rebase' '
 	git reset --hard before-rebase &&
-	git config --bool branch.to-rebase.rebase true &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset branch.to-rebase.rebase" &&
+	test_config branch.to-rebase.rebase true &&
 	git pull . copy &&
 	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^) = $(git rev-parse copy) &&
 	test new = $(git show HEAD:file2)
@@ -114,10 +141,8 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'branch.to-rebase.rebase should override pull.rebase' '
 	git reset --hard before-rebase &&
-	git config --bool pull.rebase true &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset pull.rebase" &&
-	git config --bool branch.to-rebase.rebase false &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset branch.to-rebase.rebase" &&
+	test_config pull.rebase true &&
+	test_config branch.to-rebase.rebase false &&
 	git pull . copy &&
 	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^) != $(git rev-parse copy) &&
 	test new = $(git show HEAD:file2)
@@ -171,9 +196,9 @@
 	git update-ref refs/remotes/me/copy copy^ &&
 	COPY=$(git rev-parse --verify me/copy) &&
 	git rebase --onto $COPY copy &&
-	git config branch.to-rebase.remote me &&
-	git config branch.to-rebase.merge refs/heads/copy &&
-	git config branch.to-rebase.rebase true &&
+	test_config branch.to-rebase.remote me &&
+	test_config branch.to-rebase.merge refs/heads/copy &&
+	test_config branch.to-rebase.rebase true &&
 	echo dirty >> file &&
 	git add file &&
 	test_must_fail git pull &&
diff --git a/t/t5521-pull-options.sh b/t/t5521-pull-options.sh
index 1b06691..aa31abe 100755
--- a/t/t5521-pull-options.sh
+++ b/t/t5521-pull-options.sh
@@ -19,6 +19,17 @@
 	test ! -s out)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git pull -q --rebase' '
+	mkdir clonedqrb &&
+	(cd clonedqrb && git init &&
+	git pull -q --rebase "../parent" >out 2>err &&
+	test ! -s err &&
+	test ! -s out &&
+	git pull -q --rebase "../parent" >out 2>err &&
+	test ! -s err &&
+	test ! -s out)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'git pull' '
 	mkdir cloned &&
 	(cd cloned && git init &&
@@ -27,6 +38,14 @@
 	test ! -s out)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git pull --rebase' '
+	mkdir clonedrb &&
+	(cd clonedrb && git init &&
+	git pull --rebase "../parent" >out 2>err &&
+	test -s err &&
+	test ! -s out)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'git pull -v' '
 	mkdir clonedv &&
 	(cd clonedv && git init &&
@@ -35,6 +54,14 @@
 	test ! -s out)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git pull -v --rebase' '
+	mkdir clonedvrb &&
+	(cd clonedvrb && git init &&
+	git pull -v --rebase "../parent" >out 2>err &&
+	test -s err &&
+	test ! -s out)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'git pull -v -q' '
 	mkdir clonedvq &&
 	(cd clonedvq && git init &&
diff --git a/t/t5530-upload-pack-error.sh b/t/t5530-upload-pack-error.sh
index 6b2a5f4..c983d36 100755
--- a/t/t5530-upload-pack-error.sh
+++ b/t/t5530-upload-pack-error.sh
@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@
 	printf "0032want %s\n00000009done\n0000" \
 		$(git rev-parse HEAD) >input &&
 	test_must_fail git upload-pack . <input >/dev/null 2>output.err &&
-	grep "unable to read" output.err &&
-	grep "pack-objects died" output.err
+	test_i18ngrep "unable to read" output.err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "pack-objects died" output.err
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'corrupt repo differently' '
diff --git a/t/t5531-deep-submodule-push.sh b/t/t5531-deep-submodule-push.sh
index 1947c28..8c16e04 100755
--- a/t/t5531-deep-submodule-push.sh
+++ b/t/t5531-deep-submodule-push.sh
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 		(
 			cd gar/bage &&
 			git init &&
+			git config push.default matching &&
 			>junk &&
 			git add junk &&
 			git commit -m "Initial junk"
diff --git a/t/t5532-fetch-proxy.sh b/t/t5532-fetch-proxy.sh
index 62f2460..5531bd1 100755
--- a/t/t5532-fetch-proxy.sh
+++ b/t/t5532-fetch-proxy.sh
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 cat >proxy <<'EOF'
 #!/bin/sh
 echo >&2 "proxying for $*"
-cmd=`perl -e '
+cmd=`"$PERL_PATH" -e '
 	read(STDIN, $buf, 4);
 	my $n = hex($buf) - 4;
 	read(STDIN, $buf, $n);
diff --git a/t/t5535-fetch-push-symref.sh b/t/t5535-fetch-push-symref.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8ed58d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5535-fetch-push-symref.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='avoiding conflicting update thru symref aliasing'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	test_commit one &&
+	git clone . src &&
+	git clone src dst1 &&
+	git clone src dst2 &&
+	test_commit two &&
+	( cd src && git pull )
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push' '
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		git push ../dst1 "refs/remotes/*:refs/remotes/*"
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote src "refs/remotes/*" >expect &&
+	git ls-remote dst1 "refs/remotes/*" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	( cd src && git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD ) >expect &&
+	( cd dst1 && git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD ) >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch' '
+	(
+		cd dst2 &&
+		git fetch ../src "refs/remotes/*:refs/remotes/*"
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote src "refs/remotes/*" >expect &&
+	git ls-remote dst2 "refs/remotes/*" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	( cd src && git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD ) >expect &&
+	( cd dst2 && git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD ) >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5540-http-push.sh b/t/t5540-http-push.sh
index 1eea647..01d0d95 100755
--- a/t/t5540-http-push.sh
+++ b/t/t5540-http-push.sh
@@ -46,15 +46,7 @@
 	       "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/auth/dumb/test_repo.git"
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'setup askpass helper' '
-	cat >askpass <<-\EOF &&
-	#!/bin/sh
-	echo user@host
-	EOF
-	chmod +x askpass &&
-	GIT_ASKPASS="$PWD/askpass" &&
-	export GIT_ASKPASS
-'
+setup_askpass_helper
 
 test_expect_success 'clone remote repository' '
 	cd "$ROOT_PATH" &&
@@ -117,7 +109,7 @@
 	# By reset, we force git to retrieve the packed object
 	(cd "$ROOT_PATH"/test_repo_clone_packed &&
 	 git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
-	 git remote rm origin &&
+	 git remote remove origin &&
 	 git reflog expire --expire=0 --all &&
 	 git prune &&
 	 git push -f -v $HTTPD_URL/dumb/test_repo_packed.git master)
@@ -162,6 +154,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'push to password-protected repository (user in URL)' '
 	test_commit pw-user &&
+	set_askpass user@host &&
 	git push "$HTTPD_URL_USER/auth/dumb/test_repo.git" HEAD &&
 	git rev-parse --verify HEAD >expect &&
 	git --git-dir="$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/auth/dumb/test_repo.git" \
@@ -169,9 +162,15 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_failure 'user was prompted only once for password' '
+	expect_askpass pass user@host
+'
+
 test_expect_failure 'push to password-protected repository (no user in URL)' '
 	test_commit pw-nouser &&
+	set_askpass user@host &&
 	git push "$HTTPD_URL/auth/dumb/test_repo.git" HEAD &&
+	expect_askpass both user@host
 	git rev-parse --verify HEAD >expect &&
 	git --git-dir="$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/auth/dumb/test_repo.git" \
 		rev-parse --verify HEAD >actual &&
diff --git a/t/t5541-http-push.sh b/t/t5541-http-push.sh
index 312e484..beb00be 100755
--- a/t/t5541-http-push.sh
+++ b/t/t5541-http-push.sh
@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@
 	mv test_repo.git "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"
 '
 
+setup_askpass_helper
+
 cat >exp <<EOF
 GET  /smart/test_repo.git/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1 200
 POST /smart/test_repo.git/git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1 200
@@ -64,7 +66,10 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'clone remote repository' '
 	rm -rf test_repo_clone &&
-	git clone $HTTPD_URL/smart/test_repo.git test_repo_clone
+	git clone $HTTPD_URL/smart/test_repo.git test_repo_clone &&
+	(
+		cd test_repo_clone && git config push.default matching
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push to remote repository (standard)' '
@@ -176,8 +181,7 @@
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_commit commit path3 &&
 	HEAD=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
-	git config http.postbuffer 4 &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset http.postbuffer" &&
+	test_config http.postbuffer 4 &&
 	git push -v -v origin $BRANCH 2>err &&
 	grep "POST git-receive-pack (chunked)" err &&
 	(cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/test_repo.git &&
@@ -266,5 +270,59 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'push over smart http with auth' '
+	cd "$ROOT_PATH/test_repo_clone" &&
+	echo push-auth-test >expect &&
+	test_commit push-auth-test &&
+	set_askpass user@host &&
+	git push "$HTTPD_URL"/auth/smart/test_repo.git &&
+	git --git-dir="$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/test_repo.git" \
+		log -1 --format=%s >actual &&
+	expect_askpass both user@host &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to auth-only-for-push repo' '
+	cd "$ROOT_PATH/test_repo_clone" &&
+	echo push-half-auth >expect &&
+	test_commit push-half-auth &&
+	set_askpass user@host &&
+	git push "$HTTPD_URL"/auth-push/smart/test_repo.git &&
+	git --git-dir="$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/test_repo.git" \
+		log -1 --format=%s >actual &&
+	expect_askpass both user@host &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create repo without http.receivepack set' '
+	cd "$ROOT_PATH" &&
+	git init half-auth &&
+	(
+		cd half-auth &&
+		test_commit one
+	) &&
+	git clone --bare half-auth "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/half-auth.git"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone via half-auth-complete does not need password' '
+	cd "$ROOT_PATH" &&
+	set_askpass wrong &&
+	git clone "$HTTPD_URL"/half-auth-complete/smart/half-auth.git \
+		half-auth-clone &&
+	expect_askpass none
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push into half-auth-complete requires password' '
+	cd "$ROOT_PATH/half-auth-clone" &&
+	echo two >expect &&
+	test_commit two &&
+	set_askpass user@host &&
+	git push "$HTTPD_URL/half-auth-complete/smart/half-auth.git" &&
+	git --git-dir="$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/half-auth.git" \
+		log -1 --format=%s >actual &&
+	expect_askpass both user@host &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 stop_httpd
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5550-http-fetch.sh b/t/t5550-http-fetch.sh
index b06f817..f7d0f14 100755
--- a/t/t5550-http-fetch.sh
+++ b/t/t5550-http-fetch.sh
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 start_httpd
 
 test_expect_success 'setup repository' '
+	git config push.default matching &&
 	echo content1 >file &&
 	git add file &&
 	git commit -m one
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'create http-accessible bare repository with loose objects' '
-	cp -a .git "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
+	cp -R .git "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
 	(cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
 	 git config core.bare true &&
 	 mkdir -p hooks &&
@@ -41,68 +42,34 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'create password-protected repository' '
-	mkdir "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/auth/" &&
+	mkdir -p "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/auth/dumb/" &&
 	cp -Rf "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" \
-	       "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/auth/repo.git"
+	       "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/auth/dumb/repo.git"
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'setup askpass helpers' '
-	cat >askpass <<-EOF &&
-	#!/bin/sh
-	echo >>"$PWD/askpass-query" "askpass: \$*" &&
-	cat "$PWD/askpass-response"
-	EOF
-	chmod +x askpass &&
-	GIT_ASKPASS="$PWD/askpass" &&
-	export GIT_ASKPASS
-'
-
-expect_askpass() {
-	dest=$HTTPD_DEST
-	{
-		case "$1" in
-		none)
-			;;
-		pass)
-			echo "askpass: Password for 'http://$2@$dest': "
-			;;
-		both)
-			echo "askpass: Username for 'http://$dest': "
-			echo "askpass: Password for 'http://$2@$dest': "
-			;;
-		*)
-			false
-			;;
-		esac
-	} >askpass-expect &&
-	test_cmp askpass-expect askpass-query
-}
+setup_askpass_helper
 
 test_expect_success 'cloning password-protected repository can fail' '
-	>askpass-query &&
-	echo wrong >askpass-response &&
-	test_must_fail git clone "$HTTPD_URL/auth/repo.git" clone-auth-fail &&
+	set_askpass wrong &&
+	test_must_fail git clone "$HTTPD_URL/auth/dumb/repo.git" clone-auth-fail &&
 	expect_askpass both wrong
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'http auth can use user/pass in URL' '
-	>askpass-query &&
-	echo wrong >askpass-response &&
-	git clone "$HTTPD_URL_USER_PASS/auth/repo.git" clone-auth-none &&
+	set_askpass wrong &&
+	git clone "$HTTPD_URL_USER_PASS/auth/dumb/repo.git" clone-auth-none &&
 	expect_askpass none
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'http auth can use just user in URL' '
-	>askpass-query &&
-	echo user@host >askpass-response &&
-	git clone "$HTTPD_URL_USER/auth/repo.git" clone-auth-pass &&
+	set_askpass user@host &&
+	git clone "$HTTPD_URL_USER/auth/dumb/repo.git" clone-auth-pass &&
 	expect_askpass pass user@host
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'http auth can request both user and pass' '
-	>askpass-query &&
-	echo user@host >askpass-response &&
-	git clone "$HTTPD_URL/auth/repo.git" clone-auth-both &&
+	set_askpass user@host &&
+	git clone "$HTTPD_URL/auth/dumb/repo.git" clone-auth-both &&
 	expect_askpass both user@host
 '
 
@@ -112,25 +79,22 @@
 		echo username=user@host
 		echo password=user@host
 	}; f" &&
-	>askpass-query &&
-	echo wrong >askpass-response &&
-	git clone "$HTTPD_URL/auth/repo.git" clone-auth-helper &&
+	set_askpass wrong &&
+	git clone "$HTTPD_URL/auth/dumb/repo.git" clone-auth-helper &&
 	expect_askpass none
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'http auth can get username from config' '
 	test_config_global "credential.$HTTPD_URL.username" user@host &&
-	>askpass-query &&
-	echo user@host >askpass-response &&
-	git clone "$HTTPD_URL/auth/repo.git" clone-auth-user &&
+	set_askpass user@host &&
+	git clone "$HTTPD_URL/auth/dumb/repo.git" clone-auth-user &&
 	expect_askpass pass user@host
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'configured username does not override URL' '
 	test_config_global "credential.$HTTPD_URL.username" wrong &&
-	>askpass-query &&
-	echo user@host >askpass-response &&
-	git clone "$HTTPD_URL_USER/auth/repo.git" clone-auth-user2 &&
+	set_askpass user@host &&
+	git clone "$HTTPD_URL_USER/auth/dumb/repo.git" clone-auth-user2 &&
 	expect_askpass pass user@host
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t5551-http-fetch.sh b/t/t5551-http-fetch.sh
index be6094b..55a866a 100755
--- a/t/t5551-http-fetch.sh
+++ b/t/t5551-http-fetch.sh
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 start_httpd
 
 test_expect_success 'setup repository' '
+	git config push.default matching &&
 	echo content >file &&
 	git add file &&
 	git commit -m one
@@ -27,16 +28,19 @@
 	git push public master:master
 '
 
+setup_askpass_helper
+
 cat >exp <<EOF
 > GET /smart/repo.git/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1
 > Accept: */*
+> Accept-Encoding: gzip
 > Pragma: no-cache
 < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 < Pragma: no-cache
 < Cache-Control: no-cache, max-age=0, must-revalidate
 < Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-advertisement
 > POST /smart/repo.git/git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1
-> Accept-Encoding: deflate, gzip
+> Accept-Encoding: gzip
 > Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-request
 > Accept: application/x-git-upload-pack-result
 > Content-Length: xxx
@@ -109,12 +113,86 @@
 	git clone $HTTPD_URL/smart-redir-temp/repo.git --quiet repo-t
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'clone from password-protected repository' '
+	echo two >expect &&
+	set_askpass user@host &&
+	git clone --bare "$HTTPD_URL/auth/smart/repo.git" smart-auth &&
+	expect_askpass both user@host &&
+	git --git-dir=smart-auth log -1 --format=%s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone from auth-only-for-push repository' '
+	echo two >expect &&
+	set_askpass wrong &&
+	git clone --bare "$HTTPD_URL/auth-push/smart/repo.git" smart-noauth &&
+	expect_askpass none &&
+	git --git-dir=smart-noauth log -1 --format=%s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone from auth-only-for-objects repository' '
+	echo two >expect &&
+	set_askpass user@host &&
+	git clone --bare "$HTTPD_URL/auth-fetch/smart/repo.git" half-auth &&
+	expect_askpass both user@host &&
+	git --git-dir=half-auth log -1 --format=%s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no-op half-auth fetch does not require a password' '
+	set_askpass wrong &&
+	git --git-dir=half-auth fetch &&
+	expect_askpass none
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'disable dumb http on server' '
+	git --git-dir="$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" \
+		config http.getanyfile false
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'GIT_SMART_HTTP can disable smart http' '
+	(GIT_SMART_HTTP=0 &&
+	 export GIT_SMART_HTTP &&
+	 cd clone &&
+	 test_must_fail git fetch)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'invalid Content-Type rejected' '
+	test_must_fail git clone $HTTPD_URL/broken_smart/repo.git 2>actual
+	grep "not valid:" actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create namespaced refs' '
+	test_commit namespaced &&
+	git push public HEAD:refs/namespaces/ns/refs/heads/master &&
+	git --git-dir="$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" \
+		symbolic-ref refs/namespaces/ns/HEAD refs/namespaces/ns/refs/heads/master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'smart clone respects namespace' '
+	git clone "$HTTPD_URL/smart_namespace/repo.git" ns-smart &&
+	echo namespaced >expect &&
+	git --git-dir=ns-smart/.git log -1 --format=%s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'dumb clone via http-backend respects namespace' '
+	git --git-dir="$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" \
+		config http.getanyfile true &&
+	GIT_SMART_HTTP=0 git clone \
+		"$HTTPD_URL/smart_namespace/repo.git" ns-dumb &&
+	echo namespaced >expect &&
+	git --git-dir=ns-dumb/.git log -1 --format=%s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test -n "$GIT_TEST_LONG" && test_set_prereq EXPENSIVE
 
 test_expect_success EXPENSIVE 'create 50,000 tags in the repo' '
 	(
 	cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
-	for i in `seq 50000`
+	for i in `test_seq 50000`
 	do
 		echo "commit refs/heads/too-many-refs"
 		echo "mark :$i"
@@ -130,14 +208,18 @@
 	done | git fast-import --export-marks=marks &&
 
 	# now assign tags to all the dangling commits we created above
-	tag=$(perl -e "print \"bla\" x 30") &&
-	sed -e "s/^:\(.\+\) \(.\+\)$/\2 refs\/tags\/$tag-\1/" <marks >>packed-refs
+	tag=$("$PERL_PATH" -e "print \"bla\" x 30") &&
+	sed -e "s|^:\([^ ]*\) \(.*\)$|\2 refs/tags/$tag-\1|" <marks >>packed-refs
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success EXPENSIVE 'clone the 50,000 tag repo to check OS command line overflow' '
 	git clone $HTTPD_URL/smart/repo.git too-many-refs 2>err &&
-	test_line_count = 0 err
+	test_line_count = 0 err &&
+	(
+		cd too-many-refs &&
+		test $(git for-each-ref refs/tags | wc -l) = 50000
+	)
 '
 
 stop_httpd
diff --git a/t/t5570-git-daemon.sh b/t/t5570-git-daemon.sh
index a3a4e47..f01edff 100755
--- a/t/t5570-git-daemon.sh
+++ b/t/t5570-git-daemon.sh
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 start_git_daemon
 
 test_expect_success 'setup repository' '
+	git config push.default matching &&
 	echo content >file &&
 	git add file &&
 	git commit -m one
diff --git a/t/t5571-pre-push-hook.sh b/t/t5571-pre-push-hook.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6f9916a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5571-pre-push-hook.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='check pre-push hooks'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# Setup hook that always succeeds
+HOOKDIR="$(git rev-parse --git-dir)/hooks"
+HOOK="$HOOKDIR/pre-push"
+mkdir -p "$HOOKDIR"
+write_script "$HOOK" <<EOF
+cat >/dev/null
+exit 0
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	git config push.default upstream &&
+	git init --bare repo1 &&
+	git remote add parent1 repo1 &&
+	test_commit one &&
+	git push parent1 HEAD:foreign
+'
+write_script "$HOOK" <<EOF
+cat >/dev/null
+exit 1
+EOF
+
+COMMIT1="$(git rev-parse HEAD)"
+export COMMIT1
+
+test_expect_success 'push with failing hook' '
+	test_commit two &&
+	test_must_fail git push parent1 HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--no-verify bypasses hook' '
+	git push --no-verify parent1 HEAD
+'
+
+COMMIT2="$(git rev-parse HEAD)"
+export COMMIT2
+
+write_script "$HOOK" <<'EOF'
+echo "$1" >actual
+echo "$2" >>actual
+cat >>actual
+EOF
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+parent1
+repo1
+refs/heads/master $COMMIT2 refs/heads/foreign $COMMIT1
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'push with hook' '
+	git push parent1 master:foreign &&
+	diff expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add a branch' '
+	git checkout -b other parent1/foreign &&
+	test_commit three
+'
+
+COMMIT3="$(git rev-parse HEAD)"
+export COMMIT3
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+parent1
+repo1
+refs/heads/other $COMMIT3 refs/heads/foreign $COMMIT2
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'push to default' '
+	git push &&
+	diff expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+parent1
+repo1
+refs/tags/one $COMMIT1 refs/tags/tag1 $_z40
+HEAD~ $COMMIT2 refs/heads/prev $_z40
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'push non-branches' '
+	git push parent1 one:tag1 HEAD~:refs/heads/prev &&
+	diff expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+parent1
+repo1
+(delete) $_z40 refs/heads/prev $COMMIT2
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'push delete' '
+	git push parent1 :prev &&
+	diff expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+repo1
+repo1
+HEAD $COMMIT3 refs/heads/other $_z40
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'push to URL' '
+	git push repo1 HEAD &&
+	diff expected actual
+'
+
+# Test that filling pipe buffers doesn't cause failure
+# Too slow to leave enabled for general use
+if false
+then
+	printf 'parent1\nrepo1\n' >expected
+	nr=1000
+	while test $nr -lt 2000
+	do
+		nr=$(( $nr + 1 ))
+		git branch b/$nr $COMMIT3
+		echo "refs/heads/b/$nr $COMMIT3 refs/heads/b/$nr $_z40" >>expected
+	done
+
+	test_expect_success 'push many refs' '
+		git push parent1 "refs/heads/b/*:refs/heads/b/*" &&
+		diff expected actual
+	'
+fi
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5600-clone-fail-cleanup.sh b/t/t5600-clone-fail-cleanup.sh
index ee06d28..4435693 100755
--- a/t/t5600-clone-fail-cleanup.sh
+++ b/t/t5600-clone-fail-cleanup.sh
@@ -37,6 +37,16 @@
 
 test_expect_success \
     'successful clone must leave the directory' \
-    'cd bar'
+    'test -d bar'
+
+test_expect_success 'failed clone --separate-git-dir should not leave any directories' '
+	mkdir foo/.git/objects.bak/ &&
+	mv foo/.git/objects/* foo/.git/objects.bak/ &&
+	test_must_fail git clone --separate-git-dir gitdir foo worktree &&
+	test_must_fail test -e gitdir &&
+	test_must_fail test -e worktree &&
+	mv foo/.git/objects.bak/* foo/.git/objects/ &&
+	rmdir foo/.git/objects.bak
+'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5700-clone-reference.sh b/t/t5700-clone-reference.sh
index c47d450..6537911 100755
--- a/t/t5700-clone-reference.sh
+++ b/t/t5700-clone-reference.sh
@@ -54,11 +54,14 @@
 
 rm -f "$U.D"
 
-test_expect_success 'cloning with reference (no -l -s)' \
-'GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK=3 git clone --reference B "file://$(pwd)/A" D 3>"$U.D"'
+test_expect_success 'cloning with reference (no -l -s)' '
+	GIT_TRACE_PACKET=$U.D git clone --reference B "file://$(pwd)/A" D
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'fetched no objects' \
-'! grep "^want" "$U.D"'
+test_expect_success 'fetched no objects' '
+	test -s "$U.D" &&
+	! grep " want" "$U.D"
+'
 
 cd "$base_dir"
 
@@ -173,12 +176,26 @@
 	(
 		cd K &&
 		git remote add J "file://$base_dir/J" &&
-		GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK=3 git fetch J 3>"$U.K"
+		GIT_TRACE_PACKET=$U.K git fetch J
 	) &&
 	master_object=$(cd A && git for-each-ref --format="%(objectname)" refs/heads/master) &&
-	! grep "^want $master_object" "$U.K" &&
+	test -s "$U.K" &&
+	! grep " want $master_object" "$U.K" &&
 	tag_object=$(cd A && git for-each-ref --format="%(objectname)" refs/tags/HEAD) &&
-	! grep "^want $tag_object" "$U.K"
+	! grep " want $tag_object" "$U.K"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone using repo with gitfile as a reference' '
+	git clone --separate-git-dir=L A M &&
+	git clone --reference=M A N &&
+	echo "$base_dir/L/objects" >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected "$base_dir/N/.git/objects/info/alternates"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone using repo pointed at by gitfile as reference' '
+	git clone --reference=M/.git A O &&
+	echo "$base_dir/L/objects" >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected "$base_dir/O/.git/objects/info/alternates"
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5701-clone-local.sh b/t/t5701-clone-local.sh
index c6feca4..7ff6e0e 100755
--- a/t/t5701-clone-local.sh
+++ b/t/t5701-clone-local.sh
@@ -124,4 +124,14 @@
 	test_must_fail git clone not-a-git-repo not-a-git-repo-clone
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'cloning file:// does not hardlink' '
+	git clone --bare file://"$(pwd)"/a non-local &&
+	! repo_is_hardlinked non-local
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cloning a local path with --no-local does not hardlink' '
+	git clone --bare --no-local a force-nonlocal &&
+	! repo_is_hardlinked force-nonlocal
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5704-bundle.sh b/t/t5704-bundle.sh
index 9e43731..a45c316 100755
--- a/t/t5704-bundle.sh
+++ b/t/t5704-bundle.sh
@@ -58,4 +58,14 @@
 	grep "^-[0-9a-f]\\{40\\} " boundary
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'prerequisites with an empty commit message' '
+	: >file1 &&
+	git add file1 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --allow-empty-message -m "" &&
+	test_commit file2 &&
+	git bundle create bundle HEAD^.. &&
+	git bundle verify bundle
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5709-clone-refspec.sh b/t/t5709-clone-refspec.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6f1ea98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5709-clone-refspec.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test refspec written by clone-command'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	# Make two branches, "master" and "side"
+	echo one >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m one &&
+	echo two >file &&
+	git commit -a -m two &&
+	git tag two &&
+	echo three >file &&
+	git commit -a -m three &&
+	git checkout -b side &&
+	echo four >file &&
+	git commit -a -m four &&
+	git checkout master &&
+
+	# default clone
+	git clone . dir_all &&
+
+	# default --single that follows HEAD=master
+	git clone --single-branch . dir_master &&
+
+	# default --single that follows HEAD=side
+	git checkout side &&
+	git clone --single-branch . dir_side &&
+
+	# explicit --single that follows side
+	git checkout master &&
+	git clone --single-branch --branch side . dir_side2 &&
+
+	# default --single with --mirror
+	git clone --single-branch --mirror . dir_mirror &&
+
+	# default --single with --branch and --mirror
+	git clone --single-branch --mirror --branch side . dir_mirror_side &&
+
+	# --single that does not know what branch to follow
+	git checkout two^ &&
+	git clone --single-branch . dir_detached &&
+
+	# explicit --single with tag
+	git clone --single-branch --branch two . dir_tag &&
+
+	# advance both "master" and "side" branches
+	git checkout side &&
+	echo five >file &&
+	git commit -a -m five &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	echo six >file &&
+	git commit -a -m six &&
+
+	# update tag
+	git tag -d two && git tag two
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'by default all branches will be kept updated' '
+	(
+		cd dir_all && git fetch &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin |
+		sed -e "/HEAD$/d" \
+		    -e "s|/remotes/origin/|/heads/|" >../actual
+	) &&
+	# follow both master and side
+	git for-each-ref refs/heads >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'by default no tags will be kept updated' '
+	(
+		cd dir_all && git fetch &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/tags >../actual
+	) &&
+	git for-each-ref refs/tags >expect &&
+	test_must_fail test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--single-branch while HEAD pointing at master' '
+	(
+		cd dir_master && git fetch &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin |
+		sed -e "/HEAD$/d" \
+		    -e "s|/remotes/origin/|/heads/|" >../actual
+	) &&
+	# only follow master
+	git for-each-ref refs/heads/master >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--single-branch while HEAD pointing at side' '
+	(
+		cd dir_side && git fetch &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin |
+		sed -e "/HEAD$/d" \
+		    -e "s|/remotes/origin/|/heads/|" >../actual
+	) &&
+	# only follow side
+	git for-each-ref refs/heads/side >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--single-branch with explicit --branch side' '
+	(
+		cd dir_side2 && git fetch &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin |
+		sed -e "/HEAD$/d" \
+		    -e "s|/remotes/origin/|/heads/|" >../actual
+	) &&
+	# only follow side
+	git for-each-ref refs/heads/side >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--single-branch with explicit --branch with tag fetches updated tag' '
+	(
+		cd dir_tag && git fetch &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/tags >../actual
+	) &&
+	git for-each-ref refs/tags >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--single-branch with --mirror' '
+	(
+		cd dir_mirror && git fetch &&
+		git for-each-ref refs > ../actual
+	) &&
+	git for-each-ref refs >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--single-branch with explicit --branch and --mirror' '
+	(
+		cd dir_mirror_side && git fetch &&
+		git for-each-ref refs > ../actual
+	) &&
+	git for-each-ref refs >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--single-branch with detached' '
+	(
+		cd dir_detached && git fetch &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin |
+		sed -e "/HEAD$/d" \
+		    -e "s|/remotes/origin/|/heads/|" >../actual
+	)
+	# nothing
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5710-info-alternate.sh b/t/t5710-info-alternate.sh
index aa04529..8956c21 100755
--- a/t/t5710-info-alternate.sh
+++ b/t/t5710-info-alternate.sh
@@ -58,13 +58,7 @@
 git clone -l -s D E &&
 git clone -l -s E F &&
 git clone -l -s F G &&
-git clone -l -s G H'
-
-test_expect_success 'invalidity of deepest repository' \
-'cd H && {
-	test_valid_repo
-	test $? -ne 0
-}'
+test_must_fail git clone --bare -l -s G H'
 
 cd "$base_dir"
 
diff --git a/t/t5800-remote-helpers.sh b/t/t5800-remote-testpy.sh
similarity index 74%
rename from t/t5800-remote-helpers.sh
rename to t/t5800-remote-testpy.sh
index 5702334..1e683d4 100755
--- a/t/t5800-remote-helpers.sh
+++ b/t/t5800-remote-testpy.sh
@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@
 # Copyright (c) 2010 Sverre Rabbelier
 #
 
-test_description='Test remote-helper import and export commands'
+test_description='Test python remote-helper framework'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 if ! test_have_prereq PYTHON ; then
-	skip_all='skipping git-remote-hg tests, python not available'
+	skip_all='skipping python remote-helper tests, python not available'
 	test_done
 fi
 
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 if sys.hexversion < 0x02040000:
     sys.exit(1)
 ' || {
-	skip_all='skipping git-remote-hg tests, python version < 2.4'
+	skip_all='skipping python remote-helper tests, python version < 2.4'
 	test_done
 }
 
@@ -38,12 +38,12 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'cloning from local repo' '
-	git clone "testgit::${PWD}/server" localclone &&
+	git clone "testpy::${PWD}/server" localclone &&
 	test_cmp public/file localclone/file
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'cloning from remote repo' '
-	git clone "testgit::file://${PWD}/server" clone &&
+	git clone "testpy::file://${PWD}/server" clone &&
 	test_cmp public/file clone/file
 '
 
@@ -73,11 +73,11 @@
 '
 
 # Generally, skip this test.  It demonstrates a now-fixed race in
-# git-remote-testgit, but is too slow to leave in for general use.
+# git-remote-testpy, but is too slow to leave in for general use.
 : test_expect_success 'racily pushing to local repo' '
 	test_when_finished "rm -rf server2 localclone2" &&
-	cp -a server server2 &&
-	git clone "testgit::${PWD}/server2" localclone2 &&
+	cp -R server server2 &&
+	git clone "testpy::${PWD}/server2" localclone2 &&
 	(cd localclone2 &&
 	echo content >>file &&
 	git commit -a -m three &&
@@ -145,4 +145,25 @@
 	compare_refs clone HEAD server refs/heads/new-refspec
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'proper failure checks for fetching' '
+	(GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_FAILURE=1 &&
+	export GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_FAILURE &&
+	cd localclone &&
+	test_must_fail git fetch 2>&1 | \
+		grep "Error while running fast-import"
+	)
+'
+
+# We sleep to give fast-export a chance to catch the SIGPIPE
+test_expect_failure 'proper failure checks for pushing' '
+	(GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_FAILURE=1 &&
+	export GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_FAILURE &&
+	GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_SLEEPY=1 &&
+	export GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_SLEEPY &&
+	cd localclone &&
+	test_must_fail git push --all 2>&1 | \
+		grep "Error while running fast-export"
+	)
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5801-remote-helpers.sh b/t/t5801-remote-helpers.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..dbb02e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5801-remote-helpers.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2010 Sverre Rabbelier
+#
+
+test_description='Test remote-helper import and export commands'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-gpg.sh
+
+if ! type "${BASH-bash}" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+	skip_all='skipping remote-testgit tests, bash not available'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+compare_refs() {
+	git --git-dir="$1/.git" rev-parse --verify $2 >expect &&
+	git --git-dir="$3/.git" rev-parse --verify $4 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup repository' '
+	git init server &&
+	(cd server &&
+	 echo content >file &&
+	 git add file &&
+	 git commit -m one)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cloning from local repo' '
+	git clone "testgit::${PWD}/server" local &&
+	test_cmp server/file local/file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create new commit on remote' '
+	(cd server &&
+	 echo content >>file &&
+	 git commit -a -m two)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pulling from local repo' '
+	(cd local && git pull) &&
+	test_cmp server/file local/file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pushing to local repo' '
+	(cd local &&
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m three &&
+	git push) &&
+	compare_refs local HEAD server HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch new branch' '
+	(cd server &&
+	 git reset --hard &&
+	 git checkout -b new &&
+	 echo content >>file &&
+	 git commit -a -m five
+	) &&
+	(cd local &&
+	 git fetch origin new
+	) &&
+	compare_refs server HEAD local FETCH_HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch multiple branches' '
+	(cd local &&
+	 git fetch
+	) &&
+	compare_refs server master local refs/remotes/origin/master &&
+	compare_refs server new local refs/remotes/origin/new
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push when remote has extra refs' '
+	(cd local &&
+	 git reset --hard origin/master &&
+	 echo content >>file &&
+	 git commit -a -m six &&
+	 git push
+	) &&
+	compare_refs local master server master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push new branch by name' '
+	(cd local &&
+	 git checkout -b new-name  &&
+	 echo content >>file &&
+	 git commit -a -m seven &&
+	 git push origin new-name
+	) &&
+	compare_refs local HEAD server refs/heads/new-name
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'push new branch with old:new refspec' '
+	(cd local &&
+	 git push origin new-name:new-refspec
+	) &&
+	compare_refs local HEAD server refs/heads/new-refspec
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cloning without refspec' '
+	GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_REFSPEC="" \
+	git clone "testgit::${PWD}/server" local2 &&
+	compare_refs local2 HEAD server HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pulling without refspecs' '
+	(cd local2 &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_REFSPEC="" git pull) &&
+	compare_refs local2 HEAD server HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'pushing without refspecs' '
+	test_when_finished "(cd local2 && git reset --hard origin)" &&
+	(cd local2 &&
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m ten &&
+	GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_REFSPEC="" git push) &&
+	compare_refs local2 HEAD server HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pulling with straight refspec' '
+	(cd local2 &&
+	GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_REFSPEC="*:*" git pull) &&
+	compare_refs local2 HEAD server HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'pushing with straight refspec' '
+	test_when_finished "(cd local2 && git reset --hard origin)" &&
+	(cd local2 &&
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m eleven &&
+	GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_REFSPEC="*:*" git push) &&
+	compare_refs local2 HEAD server HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pulling without marks' '
+	(cd local2 &&
+	GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_NO_MARKS=1 git pull) &&
+	compare_refs local2 HEAD server HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'pushing without marks' '
+	test_when_finished "(cd local2 && git reset --hard origin)" &&
+	(cd local2 &&
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m twelve &&
+	GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_NO_MARKS=1 git push) &&
+	compare_refs local2 HEAD server HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push all with existing object' '
+	(cd local &&
+	git branch dup2 master &&
+	git push origin --all
+	) &&
+	compare_refs local dup2 server dup2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push ref with existing object' '
+	(cd local &&
+	git branch dup master &&
+	git push origin dup
+	) &&
+	compare_refs local dup server dup
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'push signed tag' '
+	(cd local &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git tag -s -m signed-tag signed-tag &&
+	git push origin signed-tag
+	) &&
+	compare_refs local signed-tag^{} server signed-tag^{} &&
+	test_must_fail compare_refs local signed-tag server signed-tag
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'push signed tag with signed-tags capability' '
+	(cd local &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git tag -s -m signed-tag signed-tag-2 &&
+	GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_SIGNED_TAGS=1 git push origin signed-tag-2
+	) &&
+	compare_refs local signed-tag-2 server signed-tag-2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push messages' '
+	(cd local &&
+	git checkout -b new_branch master &&
+	echo new >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m new &&
+	git push origin new_branch &&
+	git fetch origin &&
+	echo new >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m new &&
+	git push origin new_branch 2> msg &&
+	! grep "\[new branch\]" msg
+	)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6006-rev-list-format.sh b/t/t6006-rev-list-format.sh
index f94f0c4..0393c9f 100755
--- a/t/t6006-rev-list-format.sh
+++ b/t/t6006-rev-list-format.sh
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 test_description='git rev-list --pretty=format test'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-terminal.sh
 
 test_tick
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
@@ -11,12 +12,24 @@
 '
 
 # usage: test_format name format_string <expected_output
-test_format() {
+test_format () {
 	cat >expect.$1
 	test_expect_success "format $1" "
-git rev-list --pretty=format:'$2' master >output.$1 &&
-test_cmp expect.$1 output.$1
-"
+		git rev-list --pretty=format:'$2' master >output.$1 &&
+		test_cmp expect.$1 output.$1
+	"
+}
+
+# Feed to --format to provide predictable colored sequences.
+AUTO_COLOR='%C(auto,red)foo%C(auto,reset)'
+has_color () {
+	printf '\033[31mfoo\033[m\n' >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect "$1"
+}
+
+has_no_color () {
+	echo foo >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect "$1"
 }
 
 test_format percent %%h <<'EOF'
@@ -124,12 +137,54 @@
 foo
 EOF
 
+test_expect_success '%C(auto) does not enable color by default' '
+	git log --format=$AUTO_COLOR -1 >actual &&
+	has_no_color actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '%C(auto) enables colors for color.diff' '
+	git -c color.diff=always log --format=$AUTO_COLOR -1 >actual &&
+	has_color actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '%C(auto) enables colors for color.ui' '
+	git -c color.ui=always log --format=$AUTO_COLOR -1 >actual &&
+	has_color actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '%C(auto) respects --color' '
+	git log --format=$AUTO_COLOR -1 --color >actual &&
+	has_color actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '%C(auto) respects --no-color' '
+	git -c color.ui=always log --format=$AUTO_COLOR -1 --no-color >actual &&
+	has_no_color actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success TTY '%C(auto) respects --color=auto (stdout is tty)' '
+	(
+		TERM=vt100 && export TERM &&
+		test_terminal \
+			git log --format=$AUTO_COLOR -1 --color=auto >actual &&
+		has_color actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '%C(auto) respects --color=auto (stdout not tty)' '
+	(
+		TERM=vt100 && export TERM &&
+		git log --format=$AUTO_COLOR -1 --color=auto >actual &&
+		has_no_color actual
+	)
+'
+
 cat >commit-msg <<'EOF'
 Test printing of complex bodies
 
 This commit message is much longer than the others,
 and it will be encoded in iso8859-1. We should therefore
-include an iso8859 character: ¡bueno!
+include an iso8859 character: ¡bueno!
 EOF
 test_expect_success 'setup complex body' '
 git config i18n.commitencoding iso8859-1 &&
@@ -137,14 +192,14 @@
 '
 
 test_format complex-encoding %e <<'EOF'
-commit f58db70b055c5718631e5c61528b28b12090cdea
+commit 1ed88da4a5b5ed8c449114ac131efc62178734c3
 iso8859-1
 commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
 commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
 EOF
 
 test_format complex-subject %s <<'EOF'
-commit f58db70b055c5718631e5c61528b28b12090cdea
+commit 1ed88da4a5b5ed8c449114ac131efc62178734c3
 Test printing of complex bodies
 commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
 changed foo
@@ -153,17 +208,17 @@
 EOF
 
 test_format complex-body %b <<'EOF'
-commit f58db70b055c5718631e5c61528b28b12090cdea
+commit 1ed88da4a5b5ed8c449114ac131efc62178734c3
 This commit message is much longer than the others,
 and it will be encoded in iso8859-1. We should therefore
-include an iso8859 character: ¡bueno!
+include an iso8859 character: ¡bueno!
 
 commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
 commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success '%x00 shows NUL' '
-	echo  >expect commit f58db70b055c5718631e5c61528b28b12090cdea &&
+	echo  >expect commit 1ed88da4a5b5ed8c449114ac131efc62178734c3 &&
 	echo >>expect fooQbar &&
 	git rev-list -1 --format=foo%x00bar HEAD >actual.nul &&
 	nul_to_q <actual.nul >actual &&
diff --git a/t/t6009-rev-list-parent.sh b/t/t6009-rev-list-parent.sh
index 3050740..66cda17 100755
--- a/t/t6009-rev-list-parent.sh
+++ b/t/t6009-rev-list-parent.sh
@@ -133,4 +133,17 @@
 	check_revlist "--min-parents=13" &&
 	check_revlist "--min-parents=4 --max-parents=11" tetrapus
 '
+
+test_expect_success 'ancestors with the same commit time' '
+
+	test_tick_keep=$test_tick &&
+	for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8; do
+		test_tick=$test_tick_keep
+		test_commit t$i
+	done &&
+	git rev-list t1^! --not t$i >result &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect result
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6011-rev-list-with-bad-commit.sh b/t/t6011-rev-list-with-bad-commit.sh
index e51eb41..bbb0581 100755
--- a/t/t6011-rev-list-with-bad-commit.sh
+++ b/t/t6011-rev-list-with-bad-commit.sh
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'corrupt second commit object' \
    '
-   perl -i.bak -pe "s/second commit/socond commit/" .git/objects/pack/*.pack &&
+   "$PERL_PATH" -i.bak -pe "s/second commit/socond commit/" .git/objects/pack/*.pack &&
    test_must_fail git fsck --full
    '
 
diff --git a/t/t6012-rev-list-simplify.sh b/t/t6012-rev-list-simplify.sh
index 839ad97..dd6dc84 100755
--- a/t/t6012-rev-list-simplify.sh
+++ b/t/t6012-rev-list-simplify.sh
@@ -56,19 +56,37 @@
 
 	echo "Final change" >file &&
 	test_tick && git commit -a -m "Final change" &&
-	note I
+	note I &&
+
+	git symbolic-ref HEAD refs/heads/unrelated &&
+	git rm -f "*" &&
+	echo "Unrelated branch" >side &&
+	git add side &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m "Side root" &&
+	note J &&
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_tick && git merge -m "Coolest" unrelated &&
+	note K &&
+
+	echo "Immaterial" >elif &&
+	git add elif &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m "Last" &&
+	note L
 '
 
 FMT='tformat:%P 	%H | %s'
 
-check_result () {
+check_outcome () {
+	outcome=$1
+	shift
 	for c in $1
 	do
 		echo "$c"
 	done >expect &&
 	shift &&
 	param="$*" &&
-	test_expect_success "log $param" '
+	test_expect_$outcome "log $param" '
 		git log --pretty="$FMT" --parents $param |
 		unnote >actual &&
 		sed -e "s/^.*	\([^ ]*\) .*/\1/" >check <actual &&
@@ -79,11 +97,15 @@
 	'
 }
 
-check_result 'I H G F E D C B A' --full-history
-check_result 'I H E C B A' --full-history -- file
-check_result 'I H E C B A' --full-history --topo-order -- file
-check_result 'I H E C B A' --full-history --date-order -- file
-check_result 'I E C B A' --simplify-merges -- file
+check_result () {
+	check_outcome success "$@"
+}
+
+check_result 'L K J I H G F E D C B A' --full-history
+check_result 'K I H E C B A' --full-history -- file
+check_result 'K I H E C B A' --full-history --topo-order -- file
+check_result 'K I H E C B A' --full-history --date-order -- file
+check_outcome failure 'I E C B A' --simplify-merges -- file
 check_result 'I B A' -- file
 check_result 'I B A' --topo-order -- file
 check_result 'H' --first-parent -- another-file
diff --git a/t/t6013-rev-list-reverse-parents.sh b/t/t6013-rev-list-reverse-parents.sh
index 59fc2f0..892a537 100755
--- a/t/t6013-rev-list-reverse-parents.sh
+++ b/t/t6013-rev-list-reverse-parents.sh
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success '--reverse --parents --full-history combines correctly' '
 	git rev-list --parents --full-history master -- foo |
-		perl -e "print reverse <>" > expected &&
+		"$PERL_PATH" -e "print reverse <>" > expected &&
 	git rev-list --reverse --parents --full-history master -- foo \
 		> actual &&
 	test_cmp actual expected
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success '--boundary does too' '
 	git rev-list --boundary --parents --full-history master ^root -- foo |
-		perl -e "print reverse <>" > expected &&
+		"$PERL_PATH" -e "print reverse <>" > expected &&
 	git rev-list --boundary --reverse --parents --full-history \
 		master ^root -- foo > actual &&
 	test_cmp actual expected
diff --git a/t/t6019-rev-list-ancestry-path.sh b/t/t6019-rev-list-ancestry-path.sh
index 39b4cb0..dd5b0e5 100755
--- a/t/t6019-rev-list-ancestry-path.sh
+++ b/t/t6019-rev-list-ancestry-path.sh
@@ -13,6 +13,9 @@
 #
 #  D..M -- M.t                 == M
 #  --ancestry-path D..M -- M.t == M
+#
+#  F...I                 == F G H I
+#  --ancestry-path F...I == F H I
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
@@ -63,13 +66,29 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'rev-list --ancestry-patch D..M -- M.t' '
+test_expect_success 'rev-list --ancestry-path D..M -- M.t' '
 	echo M >expect &&
 	git rev-list --ancestry-path --format=%s D..M -- M.t |
 	sed -e "/^commit /d" >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rev-list F...I' '
+	for c in F G H I; do echo $c; done >expect &&
+	git rev-list --format=%s F...I |
+	sed -e "/^commit /d" |
+	sort >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-list --ancestry-path F...I' '
+	for c in F H I; do echo $c; done >expect &&
+	git rev-list --ancestry-path --format=%s F...I |
+	sed -e "/^commit /d" |
+	sort >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 #   b---bc
 #  / \ /
 # a   X
diff --git a/t/t6022-merge-rename.sh b/t/t6022-merge-rename.sh
index 1104249..c680f78 100755
--- a/t/t6022-merge-rename.sh
+++ b/t/t6022-merge-rename.sh
@@ -242,10 +242,10 @@
 	rm -f A M N &&
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout change+rename &&
-	GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY=3 git merge change | grep "^Skipped B" &&
+	GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY=3 git merge change | test_i18ngrep "^Skipped B" &&
 	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
 	git checkout change &&
-	GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY=3 git merge change+rename | grep "^Skipped B"
+	GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY=3 git merge change+rename | test_i18ngrep "^Skipped B"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'setup for rename + d/f conflicts' '
@@ -303,9 +303,9 @@
 	git checkout -q renamed-file-has-no-conflicts^0 &&
 	test_must_fail git merge --strategy=recursive dir-in-way >output &&
 
-	grep "CONFLICT (modify/delete): dir/file-in-the-way" output &&
-	grep "Auto-merging dir" output &&
-	grep "Adding as dir~HEAD instead" output &&
+	test_i18ngrep "CONFLICT (modify/delete): dir/file-in-the-way" output &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Auto-merging dir" output &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Adding as dir~HEAD instead" output &&
 
 	test 3 -eq "$(git ls-files -u | wc -l)" &&
 	test 2 -eq "$(git ls-files -u dir/file-in-the-way | wc -l)" &&
@@ -325,9 +325,9 @@
 	test_must_fail git merge --strategy=recursive renamed-file-has-no-conflicts >output 2>errors &&
 
 	! grep "error: refusing to lose untracked file at" errors &&
-	grep "CONFLICT (modify/delete): dir/file-in-the-way" output &&
-	grep "Auto-merging dir" output &&
-	grep "Adding as dir~renamed-file-has-no-conflicts instead" output &&
+	test_i18ngrep "CONFLICT (modify/delete): dir/file-in-the-way" output &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Auto-merging dir" output &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Adding as dir~renamed-file-has-no-conflicts instead" output &&
 
 	test 3 -eq "$(git ls-files -u | wc -l)" &&
 	test 2 -eq "$(git ls-files -u dir/file-in-the-way | wc -l)" &&
diff --git a/t/t6030-bisect-porcelain.sh b/t/t6030-bisect-porcelain.sh
index 72e28ee..064f5ce 100755
--- a/t/t6030-bisect-porcelain.sh
+++ b/t/t6030-bisect-porcelain.sh
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@
 	cp .git/BISECT_START saved &&
 	test_must_fail git bisect start $HASH4 foo -- &&
 	git branch > branch.output &&
-	test_i18ngrep "* (no branch)" branch.output > /dev/null &&
+	test_i18ngrep "* (no branch, bisect started on other)" branch.output > /dev/null &&
 	test_cmp saved .git/BISECT_START
 '
 test_expect_success 'bisect start: no ".git/BISECT_START" if mistaken rev' '
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@
 # $HASH1 is good, $HASH4 is bad, we skip $HASH3
 # but $HASH2 is bad,
 # so we should find $HASH2 as the first bad commit
-test_expect_success 'bisect skip: successfull result' '
+test_expect_success 'bisect skip: successful result' '
 	git bisect reset &&
 	git bisect start $HASH4 $HASH1 &&
 	git bisect skip &&
@@ -676,9 +676,7 @@
 check_same()
 {
 	echo "Checking $1 is the same as $2" &&
-	git rev-parse "$1" > expected.same &&
-	git rev-parse "$2" > expected.actual &&
-	test_cmp expected.same expected.actual
+	test_cmp_rev "$1" "$2"
 }
 
 test_expect_success 'bisect: --no-checkout - start commit bad' '
@@ -743,4 +741,42 @@
 	git bisect reset
 "
 
+cat > expected.bisect-log <<EOF
+# bad: [32a594a3fdac2d57cf6d02987e30eec68511498c] Add <4: Ciao for now> into <hello>.
+# good: [7b7f204a749c3125d5224ed61ea2ae1187ad046f] Add <2: A new day for git> into <hello>.
+git bisect start '32a594a3fdac2d57cf6d02987e30eec68511498c' '7b7f204a749c3125d5224ed61ea2ae1187ad046f'
+# good: [3de952f2416b6084f557ec417709eac740c6818c] Add <3: Another new day for git> into <hello>.
+git bisect good 3de952f2416b6084f557ec417709eac740c6818c
+# first bad commit: [32a594a3fdac2d57cf6d02987e30eec68511498c] Add <4: Ciao for now> into <hello>.
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'bisect log: successfull result' '
+	git bisect reset &&
+	git bisect start $HASH4 $HASH2 &&
+	git bisect good &&
+	git bisect log >bisect-log.txt &&
+	test_cmp expected.bisect-log bisect-log.txt &&
+	git bisect reset
+'
+
+cat > expected.bisect-skip-log <<EOF
+# bad: [32a594a3fdac2d57cf6d02987e30eec68511498c] Add <4: Ciao for now> into <hello>.
+# good: [7b7f204a749c3125d5224ed61ea2ae1187ad046f] Add <2: A new day for git> into <hello>.
+git bisect start '32a594a3fdac2d57cf6d02987e30eec68511498c' '7b7f204a749c3125d5224ed61ea2ae1187ad046f'
+# skip: [3de952f2416b6084f557ec417709eac740c6818c] Add <3: Another new day for git> into <hello>.
+git bisect skip 3de952f2416b6084f557ec417709eac740c6818c
+# only skipped commits left to test
+# possible first bad commit: [32a594a3fdac2d57cf6d02987e30eec68511498c] Add <4: Ciao for now> into <hello>.
+# possible first bad commit: [3de952f2416b6084f557ec417709eac740c6818c] Add <3: Another new day for git> into <hello>.
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'bisect log: only skip commits left' '
+	git bisect reset &&
+	git bisect start $HASH4 $HASH2 &&
+	test_must_fail git bisect skip &&
+	git bisect log >bisect-skip-log.txt &&
+	test_cmp expected.bisect-skip-log bisect-skip-log.txt &&
+	git bisect reset
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6037-merge-ours-theirs.sh b/t/t6037-merge-ours-theirs.sh
index 2cf42c7..3889eca 100755
--- a/t/t6037-merge-ours-theirs.sh
+++ b/t/t6037-merge-ours-theirs.sh
@@ -53,7 +53,19 @@
 	! grep 1 file
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'pull with -X' '
+test_expect_success 'binary file with -Xours/-Xtheirs' '
+	echo file binary >.gitattributes &&
+
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git merge -s recursive -X theirs side &&
+	git diff --exit-code side HEAD -- file &&
+
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git merge -s recursive -X ours side &&
+	git diff --exit-code master HEAD -- file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull passes -X to underlying merge' '
 	git reset --hard master && git pull -s recursive -Xours . side &&
 	git reset --hard master && git pull -s recursive -X ours . side &&
 	git reset --hard master && git pull -s recursive -Xtheirs . side &&
diff --git a/t/t6042-merge-rename-corner-cases.sh b/t/t6042-merge-rename-corner-cases.sh
index 466fa38..411550d 100755
--- a/t/t6042-merge-rename-corner-cases.sh
+++ b/t/t6042-merge-rename-corner-cases.sh
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@
 	git checkout B^0 &&
 
 	test_must_fail git merge -s recursive C^0 >out &&
-	grep "CONFLICT (rename/rename)" out &&
+	test_i18ngrep "CONFLICT (rename/rename)" out &&
 
 	test 2 -eq $(git ls-files -s | wc -l) &&
 	test 2 -eq $(git ls-files -u | wc -l) &&
diff --git a/t/t6050-replace.sh b/t/t6050-replace.sh
index 5c87f28..decdc33 100755
--- a/t/t6050-replace.sh
+++ b/t/t6050-replace.sh
@@ -140,6 +140,17 @@
      test "$HASH2" = "$(git replace)"
 '
 
+test_expect_success '"git replace" resolves sha1' '
+     SHORTHASH2=$(git rev-parse --short=8 $HASH2) &&
+     git replace -d $SHORTHASH2 &&
+     git replace $SHORTHASH2 $R &&
+     git show $HASH2 | grep "O Thor" &&
+     test_must_fail git replace $HASH2 $R &&
+     git replace -f $HASH2 $R &&
+     test_must_fail git replace -f &&
+     test "$HASH2" = "$(git replace)"
+'
+
 # This creates a side branch where the bug in H2
 # does not appear because P2 is created by applying
 # H2 and squashing H5 into it.
diff --git a/t/t6130-pathspec-noglob.sh b/t/t6130-pathspec-noglob.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..39ef619
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6130-pathspec-noglob.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test globbing (and noglob) of pathspec limiting'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'create commits with glob characters' '
+	test_commit unrelated bar &&
+	test_commit vanilla foo &&
+	# insert file "f*" in the commit, but in a way that avoids
+	# the name "f*" in the worktree, because it is not allowed
+	# on Windows (the tests below do not depend on the presence
+	# of the file in the worktree)
+	git update-index --add --cacheinfo 100644 "$(git rev-parse HEAD:foo)" "f*" &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m star &&
+	test_commit bracket "f[o][o]"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'vanilla pathspec matches literally' '
+	echo vanilla >expect &&
+	git log --format=%s -- foo >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'star pathspec globs' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	bracket
+	star
+	vanilla
+	EOF
+	git log --format=%s -- "f*" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bracket pathspec globs and matches literal brackets' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	bracket
+	vanilla
+	EOF
+	git log --format=%s -- "f[o][o]" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no-glob option matches literally (vanilla)' '
+	echo vanilla >expect &&
+	git --literal-pathspecs log --format=%s -- foo >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no-glob option matches literally (star)' '
+	echo star >expect &&
+	git --literal-pathspecs log --format=%s -- "f*" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no-glob option matches literally (bracket)' '
+	echo bracket >expect &&
+	git --literal-pathspecs log --format=%s -- "f[o][o]" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no-glob environment variable works' '
+	echo star >expect &&
+	GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS=1 git log --format=%s -- "f*" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6200-fmt-merge-msg.sh b/t/t6200-fmt-merge-msg.sh
index 992c2a0..54b5744 100755
--- a/t/t6200-fmt-merge-msg.sh
+++ b/t/t6200-fmt-merge-msg.sh
@@ -112,8 +112,8 @@
 	  Common #1
 	EOF
 
-	git config merge.log true &&
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.summary &&
+	test_config merge.log true &&
+	test_unconfig merge.summary &&
 
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
@@ -121,8 +121,8 @@
 
 	git fmt-merge-msg <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual1 &&
 
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.log &&
-	git config merge.summary true &&
+	test_unconfig merge.log &&
+	test_config merge.summary true &&
 
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
@@ -134,11 +134,6 @@
 	test_cmp expected actual2
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'setup: clear [merge] configuration' '
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.log &&
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.summary
-'
-
 test_expect_success 'setup FETCH_HEAD' '
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
@@ -180,6 +175,24 @@
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success '--log=5 with custom comment character' '
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	Merge branch ${apos}left${apos}
+
+	x By Another Author (3) and A U Thor (2)
+	x Via Another Committer
+	* left:
+	  Left #5
+	  Left #4
+	  Left #3
+	  Common #2
+	  Common #1
+	EOF
+
+	git -c core.commentchar="x" fmt-merge-msg --log=5 <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'merge.log=0 disables shortlog' '
 	echo "Merge branch ${apos}left${apos}" >expected
 	git -c merge.log=0 fmt-merge-msg <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual &&
@@ -248,14 +261,14 @@
 	  Common #1
 	EOF
 
-	test_might_fail git config --unset merge.log &&
-	test_might_fail git config --unset merge.summary &&
+	test_unconfig merge.log &&
+	test_unconfig merge.summary &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	git fetch "$(pwd)" left &&
 	git fmt-merge-msg -m "Sync with left" <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual &&
 	git fmt-merge-msg --log -m "Sync with left" \
 					<.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual.log &&
-	git config merge.log true &&
+	test_config merge.log true &&
 	git fmt-merge-msg -m "Sync with left" \
 					<.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual.log-config &&
 	git fmt-merge-msg --no-log -m "Sync with left" \
@@ -290,29 +303,29 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'shortlog for two branches' '
-	git config merge.log true &&
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.summary &&
+	test_config merge.log true &&
+	test_unconfig merge.summary &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git fetch . left right &&
 	git fmt-merge-msg <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual1 &&
 
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.log &&
-	git config merge.summary true &&
+	test_unconfig merge.log &&
+	test_config merge.summary true &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git fetch . left right &&
 	git fmt-merge-msg <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual2 &&
 
-	git config merge.log yes &&
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.summary &&
+	test_config merge.log yes &&
+	test_unconfig merge.summary &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git fetch . left right &&
 	git fmt-merge-msg <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual3 &&
 
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.log &&
-	git config merge.summary yes &&
+	test_unconfig merge.log &&
+	test_config merge.summary yes &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git fetch . left right &&
@@ -325,8 +338,8 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'merge-msg -F' '
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.log &&
-	git config merge.summary yes &&
+	test_unconfig merge.log &&
+	test_config merge.summary yes &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git fetch . left right &&
@@ -335,8 +348,8 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'merge-msg -F in subdirectory' '
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.log &&
-	git config merge.summary yes &&
+	test_unconfig merge.log &&
+	test_config merge.summary yes &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git fetch . left right &&
@@ -350,8 +363,8 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'merge-msg with nothing to merge' '
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.log &&
-	git config merge.summary yes &&
+	test_unconfig merge.log &&
+	test_config merge.summary yes &&
 
 	>empty &&
 
@@ -376,8 +389,8 @@
 	  Common #1
 	EOF
 
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.log &&
-	git config merge.summary yes &&
+	test_unconfig merge.log &&
+	test_config merge.summary yes &&
 
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
@@ -406,8 +419,8 @@
 	  Common #1
 	EOF
 
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.log &&
-	git config merge.summary yes &&
+	test_unconfig merge.log &&
+	test_config merge.summary yes &&
 
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
@@ -436,8 +449,8 @@
 	  Common #1
 	EOF
 
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.log &&
-	git config merge.summary yes &&
+	test_unconfig merge.log &&
+	test_config merge.summary yes &&
 
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
@@ -464,6 +477,8 @@
 		echo "  ..."
 	} >expected &&
 
+	test_config merge.summary yes &&
+
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git fetch . long &&
@@ -472,4 +487,43 @@
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'merge-msg with "merging" an annotated tag' '
+	test_config merge.log true &&
+
+	git checkout master^0 &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m "One step ahead" &&
+	git tag -a -m "An annotated one" annote HEAD &&
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	git fetch . annote &&
+
+	git fmt-merge-msg <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual &&
+	{
+		cat <<-\EOF
+		Merge tag '\''annote'\''
+
+		An annotated one
+
+		* tag '\''annote'\'':
+		  One step ahead
+		EOF
+	} >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	annote=$(git rev-parse annote) &&
+	git merge --no-commit $annote &&
+	{
+		cat <<-EOF
+		Merge tag '\''$annote'\''
+
+		An annotated one
+
+		* tag '\''$annote'\'':
+		  One step ahead
+		EOF
+	} >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected .git/MERGE_MSG
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6300-for-each-ref.sh b/t/t6300-for-each-ref.sh
index 1721784..752f5cb 100755
--- a/t/t6300-for-each-ref.sh
+++ b/t/t6300-for-each-ref.sh
@@ -456,4 +456,14 @@
 body contents
 $sig"
 
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+408fe76d02a785a006c2e9c669b7be5589ede96d <committer@example.com> refs/tags/master
+90b5ebede4899eda64893bc2a4c8f1d6fb6dfc40 <committer@example.com> refs/tags/bogo
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'Verify sort with multiple keys' '
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(objectname) %(taggeremail) %(refname)" --sort=objectname --sort=taggeremail \
+		refs/tags/bogo refs/tags/master > actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6500-gc.sh b/t/t6500-gc.sh
index 82f3639..b1a6365 100755
--- a/t/t6500-gc.sh
+++ b/t/t6500-gc.sh
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'gc --gobbledegook' '
 	test_expect_code 129 git gc --nonsense 2>err &&
-	grep "[Uu]sage: git gc" err
+	test_i18ngrep "[Uu]sage: git gc" err
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'gc -h with invalid configuration' '
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 		echo "[gc] pruneexpire = CORRUPT" >>.git/config &&
 		test_expect_code 129 git gc -h >usage 2>&1
 	) &&
-	grep "[Uu]sage" broken/usage
+	test_i18ngrep "[Uu]sage" broken/usage
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7003-filter-branch.sh b/t/t7003-filter-branch.sh
index e022773..9496736 100755
--- a/t/t7003-filter-branch.sh
+++ b/t/t7003-filter-branch.sh
@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
 	test_commit A &&
-	test_commit B &&
+	GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="@0 +0000" GIT_AUTHOR_DATE="@0 +0000" &&
+	test_commit --notick B &&
 	git checkout -b branch B &&
 	test_commit D &&
 	mkdir dir &&
@@ -63,6 +64,20 @@
 	grep drepo "$TRASHDIR/backup-refs"
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'tree-filter works with -d' '
+	git init drepo-tree &&
+	(
+		cd drepo-tree &&
+		test_commit one &&
+		git filter-branch -d "$TRASHDIR/dfoo" \
+			--tree-filter "echo changed >one.t" &&
+		echo changed >expect &&
+		git cat-file blob HEAD:one.t >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual &&
+		test_cmp one.t actual
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'Fail if commit filter fails' '
 	test_must_fail git filter-branch -f --commit-filter "exit 1" HEAD
 '
@@ -166,10 +181,11 @@
 	test_tick &&
 	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="B V Uips" git commit -m bvuips &&
 	git branch preserved-author &&
-	git filter-branch -f --msg-filter "cat; \
+	(sane_unset GIT_AUTHOR_NAME &&
+	 git filter-branch -f --msg-filter "cat; \
 			test \$GIT_COMMIT != $(git rev-parse master) || \
 			echo Hallo" \
-		preserved-author &&
+		preserved-author) &&
 	test 1 = $(git rev-list --author="B V Uips" preserved-author | wc -l)
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t7004-tag.sh b/t/t7004-tag.sh
index 5189446..c8d6e9f 100755
--- a/t/t7004-tag.sh
+++ b/t/t7004-tag.sh
@@ -104,6 +104,18 @@
 	tag_exists myhead
 '
 
+test_expect_success '--force can create a tag with the name of one existing' '
+	tag_exists mytag &&
+	git tag --force mytag &&
+	tag_exists mytag'
+
+test_expect_success '--force is moot with a non-existing tag name' '
+	git tag newtag >expect &&
+	git tag --force forcetag >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+git tag -d newtag forcetag
+
 # deleting tags:
 
 test_expect_success 'trying to delete an unknown tag should fail' '
@@ -1066,12 +1078,12 @@
 '
 
 # usage with rfc1991 signatures
-echo "rfc1991" > gpghome/gpg.conf
 get_tag_header rfc1991-signed-tag $commit commit $time >expect
 echo "RFC1991 signed tag" >>expect
 echo '-----BEGIN PGP MESSAGE-----' >>expect
 test_expect_success GPG \
 	'creating a signed tag with rfc1991' '
+	echo "rfc1991" >gpghome/gpg.conf &&
 	git tag -s -m "RFC1991 signed tag" rfc1991-signed-tag $commit &&
 	get_tag_msg rfc1991-signed-tag >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
@@ -1085,6 +1097,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success GPG \
 	'reediting a signed tag body omits signature' '
+	echo "rfc1991" >gpghome/gpg.conf &&
 	echo "RFC1991 signed tag" >expect &&
 	GIT_EDITOR=./fakeeditor git tag -f -s rfc1991-signed-tag $commit &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
@@ -1092,11 +1105,13 @@
 
 test_expect_success GPG \
 	'verifying rfc1991 signature' '
+	echo "rfc1991" >gpghome/gpg.conf &&
 	git tag -v rfc1991-signed-tag
 '
 
 test_expect_success GPG \
 	'list tag with rfc1991 signature' '
+	echo "rfc1991" >gpghome/gpg.conf &&
 	echo "rfc1991-signed-tag RFC1991 signed tag" >expect &&
 	git tag -l -n1 rfc1991-signed-tag >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual &&
diff --git a/t/t7007-show.sh b/t/t7007-show.sh
index cce222f..e41fa00 100755
--- a/t/t7007-show.sh
+++ b/t/t7007-show.sh
@@ -17,4 +17,107 @@
 	test_must_fail git --no-pager show foo-tag
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'set up a bit of history' '
+	test_commit main1 &&
+	test_commit main2 &&
+	test_commit main3 &&
+	git tag -m "annotated tag" annotated &&
+	git checkout -b side HEAD^^ &&
+	test_commit side2 &&
+	test_commit side3
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'showing two commits' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	commit $(git rev-parse main2)
+	commit $(git rev-parse main3)
+	EOF
+	git show main2 main3 >actual &&
+	grep ^commit actual >actual.filtered &&
+	test_cmp expect actual.filtered
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'showing a range walks (linear)' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	commit $(git rev-parse main3)
+	commit $(git rev-parse main2)
+	EOF
+	git show main1..main3 >actual &&
+	grep ^commit actual >actual.filtered &&
+	test_cmp expect actual.filtered
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'showing a range walks (Y shape, ^ first)' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	commit $(git rev-parse main3)
+	commit $(git rev-parse main2)
+	EOF
+	git show ^side3 main3 >actual &&
+	grep ^commit actual >actual.filtered &&
+	test_cmp expect actual.filtered
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'showing a range walks (Y shape, ^ last)' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	commit $(git rev-parse main3)
+	commit $(git rev-parse main2)
+	EOF
+	git show main3 ^side3 >actual &&
+	grep ^commit actual >actual.filtered &&
+	test_cmp expect actual.filtered
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'showing with -N walks' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	commit $(git rev-parse main3)
+	commit $(git rev-parse main2)
+	EOF
+	git show -2 main3 >actual &&
+	grep ^commit actual >actual.filtered &&
+	test_cmp expect actual.filtered
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'showing annotated tag' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	tag annotated
+	commit $(git rev-parse annotated^{commit})
+	EOF
+	git show annotated >actual &&
+	grep -E "^(commit|tag)" actual >actual.filtered &&
+	test_cmp expect actual.filtered
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'showing annotated tag plus commit' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	tag annotated
+	commit $(git rev-parse annotated^{commit})
+	commit $(git rev-parse side3)
+	EOF
+	git show annotated side3 >actual &&
+	grep -E "^(commit|tag)" actual >actual.filtered &&
+	test_cmp expect actual.filtered
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'showing range' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	commit $(git rev-parse main3)
+	commit $(git rev-parse main2)
+	EOF
+	git show ^side3 annotated >actual &&
+	grep -E "^(commit|tag)" actual >actual.filtered &&
+	test_cmp expect actual.filtered
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-s suppresses diff' '
+	echo main3 >expect &&
+	git show -s --format=%s main3 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--quiet suppresses diff' '
+	echo main3 >expect &&
+	git show --quiet --format=%s main3 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7008-grep-binary.sh b/t/t7008-grep-binary.sh
index fd6410f..26f8319 100755
--- a/t/t7008-grep-binary.sh
+++ b/t/t7008-grep-binary.sh
@@ -111,6 +111,28 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'grep --cached respects binary diff attribute' '
+	git grep --cached text t >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'grep --cached respects binary diff attribute (2)' '
+	git add .gitattributes &&
+	rm .gitattributes &&
+	git grep --cached text t >actual &&
+	test_when_finished "git rm --cached .gitattributes" &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout .gitattributes" &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'grep revision respects binary diff attribute' '
+	git commit -m new &&
+	echo "Binary file HEAD:t matches" >expect &&
+	git grep text HEAD -- t >actual &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset HEAD^" &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'grep respects not-binary diff attribute' '
 	echo binQary | q_to_nul >b &&
 	git add b &&
diff --git a/t/t7011-skip-worktree-reading.sh b/t/t7011-skip-worktree-reading.sh
index 8f3b54d..88d60c1 100755
--- a/t/t7011-skip-worktree-reading.sh
+++ b/t/t7011-skip-worktree-reading.sh
@@ -91,12 +91,12 @@
 	test_cmp expected 1
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'ls-files --delete' '
+test_expect_success 'ls-files --deleted' '
 	setup_absent &&
 	test -z "$(git ls-files -d)"
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'ls-files --delete' '
+test_expect_success 'ls-files --deleted' '
 	setup_dirty &&
 	test -z "$(git ls-files -d)"
 '
diff --git a/t/t7060-wtstatus.sh b/t/t7060-wtstatus.sh
index b8cb490..52ef06b 100755
--- a/t/t7060-wtstatus.sh
+++ b/t/t7060-wtstatus.sh
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 test_expect_success setup '
+	git config --global advice.statusuoption false &&
 	test_commit A &&
 	test_commit B oneside added &&
 	git checkout A^0 &&
@@ -30,6 +31,9 @@
 
 cat >expect <<EOF
 # On branch side
+# You have unmerged paths.
+#   (fix conflicts and run "git commit")
+#
 # Unmerged paths:
 #   (use "git add/rm <file>..." as appropriate to mark resolution)
 #
@@ -118,4 +122,97 @@
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+
+test_expect_success 'status when conflicts with add and rm advice (deleted by them)' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_commit init main.txt init &&
+	git checkout -b second_branch &&
+	git rm main.txt &&
+	git commit -m "main.txt deleted on second_branch" &&
+	test_commit second conflict.txt second &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_commit on_second main.txt on_second &&
+	test_commit master conflict.txt master &&
+	test_must_fail git merge second_branch &&
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	# On branch master
+	# You have unmerged paths.
+	#   (fix conflicts and run "git commit")
+	#
+	# Unmerged paths:
+	#   (use "git add/rm <file>..." as appropriate to mark resolution)
+	#
+	#	both added:         conflict.txt
+	#	deleted by them:    main.txt
+	#
+	no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+	EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare for conflicts' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout -b conflict &&
+	test_commit one main.txt one &&
+	git branch conflict_second &&
+	git mv main.txt sub_master.txt &&
+	git commit -m "main.txt renamed in sub_master.txt" &&
+	git checkout conflict_second &&
+	git mv main.txt sub_second.txt &&
+	git commit -m "main.txt renamed in sub_second.txt"
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status when conflicts with add and rm advice (both deleted)' '
+	test_must_fail git merge conflict &&
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	# On branch conflict_second
+	# You have unmerged paths.
+	#   (fix conflicts and run "git commit")
+	#
+	# Unmerged paths:
+	#   (use "git add/rm <file>..." as appropriate to mark resolution)
+	#
+	#	both deleted:       main.txt
+	#	added by them:      sub_master.txt
+	#	added by us:        sub_second.txt
+	#
+	no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+	EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status when conflicts with only rm advice (both deleted)' '
+	git reset --hard conflict_second &&
+	test_must_fail git merge conflict &&
+	git add sub_master.txt &&
+	git add sub_second.txt &&
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	# On branch conflict_second
+	# You have unmerged paths.
+	#   (fix conflicts and run "git commit")
+	#
+	# Changes to be committed:
+	#
+	#	new file:   sub_master.txt
+	#
+	# Unmerged paths:
+	#   (use "git rm <file>..." to mark resolution)
+	#
+	#	both deleted:       main.txt
+	#
+	# Untracked files not listed (use -u option to show untracked files)
+	EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout master
+'
+
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7061-wtstatus-ignore.sh b/t/t7061-wtstatus-ignore.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..460789b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7061-wtstatus-ignore.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git-status ignored files'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+?? untracked/
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status untracked directory with --ignored' '
+	echo "ignored" >.gitignore &&
+	mkdir untracked &&
+	: >untracked/ignored &&
+	: >untracked/uncommitted &&
+	git status --porcelain --ignored >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+?? untracked/uncommitted
+!! untracked/ignored
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status untracked directory with --ignored -u' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -u >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? untracked/uncommitted
+!! untracked/ignored
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status prefixed untracked directory with --ignored' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored untracked/ >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? untracked/uncommitted
+!! untracked/ignored
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status prefixed untracked sub-directory with --ignored -u' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -u untracked/ >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+!! ignored/
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored directory with --ignore' '
+	rm -rf untracked &&
+	mkdir ignored &&
+	: >ignored/uncommitted &&
+	git status --porcelain --ignored >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+!! ignored/uncommitted
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored directory with --ignore -u' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -u >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status empty untracked directory with --ignore' '
+	rm -rf ignored &&
+	mkdir untracked-ignored &&
+	mkdir untracked-ignored/test &&
+	git status --porcelain --ignored >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status empty untracked directory with --ignore -u' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -u >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+!! untracked-ignored/
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status untracked directory with ignored files with --ignore' '
+	: >untracked-ignored/ignored &&
+	: >untracked-ignored/test/ignored &&
+	git status --porcelain --ignored >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+!! untracked-ignored/ignored
+!! untracked-ignored/test/ignored
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status untracked directory with ignored files with --ignore -u' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -u >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored tracked directory with --ignore' '
+	rm -rf untracked-ignored &&
+	mkdir tracked &&
+	: >tracked/committed &&
+	git add tracked/committed &&
+	git commit -m. &&
+	echo "tracked" >.gitignore &&
+	git status --porcelain --ignored >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored tracked directory with --ignore -u' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -u >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored tracked directory and ignored file with --ignore' '
+	echo "committed" >>.gitignore &&
+	git status --porcelain --ignored >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored tracked directory and ignored file with --ignore -u' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -u >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+!! tracked/uncommitted
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored tracked directory and uncommitted file with --ignore' '
+	echo "tracked" >.gitignore &&
+	: >tracked/uncommitted &&
+	git status --porcelain --ignored >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+!! tracked/uncommitted
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored tracked directory and uncommitted file with --ignore -u' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -u >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+!! tracked/ignored/
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored tracked directory with uncommitted file in untracked subdir with --ignore' '
+	rm -rf tracked/uncommitted &&
+	mkdir tracked/ignored &&
+	: >tracked/ignored/uncommitted &&
+	git status --porcelain --ignored >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+!! tracked/ignored/uncommitted
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored tracked directory with uncommitted file in untracked subdir with --ignore -u' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -u >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+!! tracked/ignored/uncommitted
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored tracked directory with uncommitted file in tracked subdir with --ignore' '
+	: >tracked/ignored/committed &&
+	git add -f tracked/ignored/committed &&
+	git commit -m. &&
+	git status --porcelain --ignored >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+!! tracked/ignored/uncommitted
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored tracked directory with uncommitted file in tracked subdir with --ignore -u' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -u >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7062-wtstatus-ignorecase.sh b/t/t7062-wtstatus-ignorecase.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..73709db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7062-wtstatus-ignorecase.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git-status with core.ignorecase=true'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'status with hash collisions' '
+	# note: "V/", "V/XQANY/" and "WURZAUP/" produce the same hash code
+	# in name-hash.c::hash_name
+	mkdir V &&
+	mkdir V/XQANY &&
+	mkdir WURZAUP &&
+	touch V/XQANY/test &&
+	git config core.ignorecase true &&
+	git add . &&
+	# test is successful if git status completes (no endless loop)
+	git status
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7102-reset.sh b/t/t7102-reset.sh
index b096dc8..df82ec9 100755
--- a/t/t7102-reset.sh
+++ b/t/t7102-reset.sh
@@ -28,7 +28,8 @@
 
 	echo "1st line 2nd file" >secondfile &&
 	echo "2nd line 2nd file" >>secondfile &&
-	git commit -a -m "modify 2nd file"
+	git commit -a -m "modify 2nd file" &&
+	head5=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
 '
 # git log --pretty=oneline # to see those SHA1 involved
 
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@
 	test_must_fail git reset --mixed aaaaaa &&
 	test_must_fail git reset --soft aaaaaa &&
 	test_must_fail git reset --hard aaaaaa &&
-	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+	check_changes $head5
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'reset --soft with unmerged index should fail' '
@@ -74,7 +75,7 @@
 	test_must_fail git reset --hard -- first &&
 	test_must_fail git reset --soft HEAD^ -- first &&
 	test_must_fail git reset --hard HEAD^ -- first &&
-	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+	check_changes $head5
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'giving unrecognized options should fail' '
@@ -86,7 +87,7 @@
 	test_must_fail git reset --soft -o &&
 	test_must_fail git reset --hard --other &&
 	test_must_fail git reset --hard -o &&
-	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+	check_changes $head5
 '
 
 test_expect_success \
@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@
 
 	git checkout master &&
 	git branch -D branch1 branch2 &&
-	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+	check_changes $head5
 '
 
 test_expect_success \
@@ -133,27 +134,27 @@
 
 	git checkout master &&
 	git branch -D branch3 branch4 &&
-	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+	check_changes $head5
 '
 
 test_expect_success \
 	'resetting to HEAD with no changes should succeed and do nothing' '
 	git reset --hard &&
-		check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+		check_changes $head5 &&
 	git reset --hard HEAD &&
-		check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+		check_changes $head5 &&
 	git reset --soft &&
-		check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+		check_changes $head5 &&
 	git reset --soft HEAD &&
-		check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+		check_changes $head5 &&
 	git reset --mixed &&
-		check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+		check_changes $head5 &&
 	git reset --mixed HEAD &&
-		check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+		check_changes $head5 &&
 	git reset &&
-		check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+		check_changes $head5 &&
 	git reset HEAD &&
-		check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+		check_changes $head5
 '
 
 >.diff_expect
@@ -176,7 +177,7 @@
 	git reset --soft HEAD^ &&
 	check_changes d1a4bc3abce4829628ae2dcb0d60ef3d1a78b1c4 &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse ORIG_HEAD)" = \
-			3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+			$head5
 '
 
 >.diff_expect
@@ -193,7 +194,7 @@
 	git commit -a -C ORIG_HEAD &&
 	check_changes 3d3b7be011a58ca0c179ae45d94e6c83c0b0cd0d &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse ORIG_HEAD)" = \
-			3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+			$head5
 '
 
 >.diff_expect
@@ -303,7 +304,7 @@
 	echo "1st line 2nd file" >secondfile &&
 	echo "2nd line 2nd file" >>secondfile &&
 	git commit -a -m "modify 2nd file" &&
-	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+	check_changes $head5
 '
 
 >.diff_expect
@@ -341,15 +342,15 @@
 test_expect_success \
 	'--hard reset to ORIG_HEAD should clear a fast-forward merge' '
 	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
-	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+	check_changes $head5 &&
 
 	git pull . branch1 &&
 	git reset --hard ORIG_HEAD &&
-	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+	check_changes $head5 &&
 
 	git checkout master &&
 	git branch -D branch1 branch2 &&
-	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+	check_changes $head5
 '
 
 cat > expect << EOF
@@ -388,7 +389,8 @@
 	echo 4 > file4 &&
 	echo 5 > file1 &&
 	git add file1 file3 file4 &&
-	test_must_fail git reset HEAD -- file1 file2 file3 &&
+	git reset HEAD -- file1 file2 file3 &&
+	test_must_fail git diff --quiet &&
 	git diff > output &&
 	test_cmp output expect &&
 	git diff --cached > output &&
@@ -402,7 +404,8 @@
 	>sub/file2 &&
 	git update-index --add sub/file1 sub/file2 &&
 	T=$(git write-tree) &&
-	test_must_fail git reset HEAD sub/file2 &&
+	git reset HEAD sub/file2 &&
+	test_must_fail git diff --quiet &&
 	U=$(git write-tree) &&
 	echo "$T" &&
 	echo "$U" &&
@@ -440,7 +443,8 @@
 		echo "100644 $F3 3	file2"
 	} | git update-index --index-info &&
 	git ls-files -u &&
-	test_must_fail git reset HEAD file2 &&
+	git reset HEAD file2 &&
+	test_must_fail git diff --quiet &&
 	git diff-index --exit-code --cached HEAD
 '
 
@@ -449,7 +453,8 @@
 	git reset --hard &&
 	>secondfile &&
 	git add secondfile &&
-	test_must_fail git reset secondfile &&
+	git reset secondfile &&
+	test_must_fail git diff --quiet -- secondfile &&
 	test -z "$(git diff --cached --name-only)" &&
 	test -f secondfile &&
 	test ! -s secondfile
@@ -474,7 +479,8 @@
 	>secondfile &&
 	git add secondfile &&
 	rm -f secondfile &&
-	test_must_fail git reset HEAD secondfile &&
+	git reset HEAD secondfile &&
+	test_must_fail git diff --quiet &&
 	test -z "$(git diff --cached --name-only)" &&
 	test ! -f secondfile
 
@@ -486,9 +492,18 @@
 	>secondfile &&
 	git add secondfile &&
 	rm -f secondfile &&
-	test_must_fail git reset -- secondfile &&
+	git reset -- secondfile &&
+	test_must_fail git diff --quiet &&
 	test -z "$(git diff --cached --name-only)" &&
 	test ! -f secondfile
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'reset with paths accepts tree' '
+	# for simpler tests, drop last commit containing added files
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	git reset HEAD^^{tree} -- . &&
+	git diff --cached HEAD^ --exit-code &&
+	git diff HEAD --exit-code
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7106-reset-unborn-branch.sh b/t/t7106-reset-unborn-branch.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8062cf5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7106-reset-unborn-branch.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git reset should work on unborn branch'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	echo a >a &&
+	echo b >b
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset' '
+	git add a b &&
+	git reset &&
+	test "$(git ls-files)" = ""
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset HEAD' '
+	rm .git/index &&
+	git add a b &&
+	test_must_fail git reset HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset $file' '
+	rm .git/index &&
+	git add a b &&
+	git reset a &&
+	test "$(git ls-files)" = "b"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset -p' '
+	rm .git/index &&
+	git add a &&
+	echo y | git reset -p &&
+	test "$(git ls-files)" = ""
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset --soft is a no-op' '
+	rm .git/index &&
+	git add a &&
+	git reset --soft
+	test "$(git ls-files)" = "a"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset --hard' '
+	rm .git/index &&
+	git add a &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	test "$(git ls-files)" = "" &&
+	test_path_is_missing a
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7201-co.sh b/t/t7201-co.sh
index be9672e..0c9ec0a 100755
--- a/t/t7201-co.sh
+++ b/t/t7201-co.sh
@@ -431,6 +431,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success \
     'checkout with --track fakes a sensible -b <name>' '
+    git config remote.origin.fetch "+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*" &&
     git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/koala/bear renamer &&
 
     git checkout --track origin/koala/bear &&
diff --git a/t/t7300-clean.sh b/t/t7300-clean.sh
index ccfb54d..710be90 100755
--- a/t/t7300-clean.sh
+++ b/t/t7300-clean.sh
@@ -298,6 +298,23 @@
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git clean -d -x with ignored tracked directory' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	git clean -d -x -e src &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test -f src/part3.c &&
+	test ! -d docs &&
+	test ! -f obj.o &&
+	test ! -d build
+
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'git clean -X' '
 
 	mkdir -p build docs &&
@@ -332,6 +349,23 @@
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git clean -d -X with ignored tracked directory' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	git clean -d -X -e src &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test -f a.out &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test ! -f obj.o &&
+	test ! -d build
+
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'clean.requireForce defaults to true' '
 
 	git config --unset clean.requireForce &&
diff --git a/t/t7400-submodule-basic.sh b/t/t7400-submodule-basic.sh
index 81827e6..7e23421 100755
--- a/t/t7400-submodule-basic.sh
+++ b/t/t7400-submodule-basic.sh
@@ -133,6 +133,7 @@
 	(
 		cd addtest &&
 		git submodule add -b initial "$submodurl" submod-branch &&
+		test "initial" = "$(git config -f .gitmodules submodule.submod-branch.branch)" &&
 		git submodule init
 	) &&
 
@@ -258,6 +259,27 @@
 	test_cmp expect url
 '
 
+test_failure_with_unknown_submodule () {
+	test_must_fail git submodule $1 no-such-submodule 2>output.err &&
+	grep "^error: .*no-such-submodule" output.err
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'init should fail with unknown submodule' '
+	test_failure_with_unknown_submodule init
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update should fail with unknown submodule' '
+	test_failure_with_unknown_submodule update
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status should fail with unknown submodule' '
+	test_failure_with_unknown_submodule status
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'sync should fail with unknown submodule' '
+	test_failure_with_unknown_submodule sync
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'update should fail when path is used by a file' '
 	echo hello >expect &&
 
@@ -417,11 +439,8 @@
 	git checkout second
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'submodule <invalid-path> warns' '
-
-	git submodule no-such-submodule 2> output.err &&
-	grep "^error: .*no-such-submodule" output.err
-
+test_expect_success 'submodule <invalid-subcommand> fails' '
+	test_must_fail git submodule no-such-subcommand
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'add submodules without specifying an explicit path' '
@@ -483,21 +502,72 @@
 		git add sub &&
 		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.path sub &&
 		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.url ../subrepo &&
-		cp .git/config pristine-.git-config
+		cp .git/config pristine-.git-config &&
+		cp .gitmodules pristine-.gitmodules
 	)
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'relative path works with URL' '
+test_expect_success '../subrepo works with URL - ssh://hostname/repo' '
 	(
 		cd reltest &&
 		cp pristine-.git-config .git/config &&
+		cp pristine-.gitmodules .gitmodules &&
 		git config remote.origin.url ssh://hostname/repo &&
 		git submodule init &&
 		test "$(git config submodule.sub.url)" = ssh://hostname/subrepo
 	)
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'relative path works with user@host:path' '
+test_expect_success '../subrepo works with port-qualified URL - ssh://hostname:22/repo' '
+	(
+		cd reltest &&
+		cp pristine-.git-config .git/config &&
+		cp pristine-.gitmodules .gitmodules &&
+		git config remote.origin.url ssh://hostname:22/repo &&
+		git submodule init &&
+		test "$(git config submodule.sub.url)" = ssh://hostname:22/subrepo
+	)
+'
+
+# About the choice of the path in the next test:
+# - double-slash side-steps path mangling issues on Windows
+# - it is still an absolute local path
+# - there cannot be a server with a blank in its name just in case the
+#   path is used erroneously to access a //server/share style path
+test_expect_success '../subrepo path works with local path - //somewhere else/repo' '
+	(
+		cd reltest &&
+		cp pristine-.git-config .git/config &&
+		cp pristine-.gitmodules .gitmodules &&
+		git config remote.origin.url "//somewhere else/repo" &&
+		git submodule init &&
+		test "$(git config submodule.sub.url)" = "//somewhere else/subrepo"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '../subrepo works with file URL - file:///tmp/repo' '
+	(
+		cd reltest &&
+		cp pristine-.git-config .git/config &&
+		cp pristine-.gitmodules .gitmodules &&
+		git config remote.origin.url file:///tmp/repo &&
+		git submodule init &&
+		test "$(git config submodule.sub.url)" = file:///tmp/subrepo
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '../subrepo works with helper URL- helper:://hostname/repo' '
+	(
+		cd reltest &&
+		cp pristine-.git-config .git/config &&
+		cp pristine-.gitmodules .gitmodules &&
+		git config remote.origin.url helper:://hostname/repo &&
+		git submodule init &&
+		test "$(git config submodule.sub.url)" = helper:://hostname/subrepo
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '../subrepo works with scp-style URL - user@host:repo' '
 	(
 		cd reltest &&
 		cp pristine-.git-config .git/config &&
@@ -507,6 +577,98 @@
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success '../subrepo works with scp-style URL - user@host:path/to/repo' '
+	(
+		cd reltest &&
+		cp pristine-.git-config .git/config &&
+		cp pristine-.gitmodules .gitmodules &&
+		git config remote.origin.url user@host:path/to/repo &&
+		git submodule init &&
+		test "$(git config submodule.sub.url)" = user@host:path/to/subrepo
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '../subrepo works with relative local path - foo' '
+	(
+		cd reltest &&
+		cp pristine-.git-config .git/config &&
+		cp pristine-.gitmodules .gitmodules &&
+		git config remote.origin.url foo &&
+		# actual: fails with an error
+		git submodule init &&
+		test "$(git config submodule.sub.url)" = subrepo
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '../subrepo works with relative local path - foo/bar' '
+	(
+		cd reltest &&
+		cp pristine-.git-config .git/config &&
+		cp pristine-.gitmodules .gitmodules &&
+		git config remote.origin.url foo/bar &&
+		git submodule init &&
+		test "$(git config submodule.sub.url)" = foo/subrepo
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '../subrepo works with relative local path - ./foo' '
+	(
+		cd reltest &&
+		cp pristine-.git-config .git/config &&
+		cp pristine-.gitmodules .gitmodules &&
+		git config remote.origin.url ./foo &&
+		git submodule init &&
+		test "$(git config submodule.sub.url)" = subrepo
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '../subrepo works with relative local path - ./foo/bar' '
+	(
+		cd reltest &&
+		cp pristine-.git-config .git/config &&
+		cp pristine-.gitmodules .gitmodules &&
+		git config remote.origin.url ./foo/bar &&
+		git submodule init &&
+		test "$(git config submodule.sub.url)" = foo/subrepo
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '../subrepo works with relative local path - ../foo' '
+	(
+		cd reltest &&
+		cp pristine-.git-config .git/config &&
+		cp pristine-.gitmodules .gitmodules &&
+		git config remote.origin.url ../foo &&
+		git submodule init &&
+		test "$(git config submodule.sub.url)" = ../subrepo
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '../subrepo works with relative local path - ../foo/bar' '
+	(
+		cd reltest &&
+		cp pristine-.git-config .git/config &&
+		cp pristine-.gitmodules .gitmodules &&
+		git config remote.origin.url ../foo/bar &&
+		git submodule init &&
+		test "$(git config submodule.sub.url)" = ../foo/subrepo
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '../bar/a/b/c works with relative local path - ../foo/bar.git' '
+	(
+		cd reltest &&
+		cp pristine-.git-config .git/config &&
+		cp pristine-.gitmodules .gitmodules &&
+		mkdir -p a/b/c &&
+		(cd a/b/c; git init) &&
+		git config remote.origin.url ../foo/bar.git &&
+		git submodule add ../bar/a/b/c ./a/b/c &&
+		git submodule init &&
+		test "$(git config submodule.a/b/c.url)" = ../foo/bar/a/b/c
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'moving the superproject does not break submodules' '
 	(
 		cd addtest &&
@@ -520,4 +682,205 @@
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'submodule add --name allows to replace a submodule with another at the same path' '
+	(
+		cd addtest2 &&
+		(
+			cd repo &&
+			echo "$submodurl/repo" >expect &&
+			git config remote.origin.url >actual &&
+			test_cmp expect actual &&
+			echo "gitdir: ../.git/modules/repo" >expect &&
+			test_cmp expect .git
+		) &&
+		rm -rf repo &&
+		git rm repo &&
+		git submodule add -q --name repo_new "$submodurl/bare.git" repo >actual &&
+		test ! -s actual &&
+		echo "gitdir: ../.git/modules/submod" >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect submod/.git &&
+		(
+			cd repo &&
+			echo "$submodurl/bare.git" >expect &&
+			git config remote.origin.url >actual &&
+			test_cmp expect actual &&
+			echo "gitdir: ../.git/modules/repo_new" >expect &&
+			test_cmp expect .git
+		) &&
+		echo "repo" >expect &&
+		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.repo.path >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual &&
+		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.repo_new.path >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual&&
+		echo "$submodurl/repo" >expect &&
+		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.repo.url >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual &&
+		echo "$submodurl/bare.git" >expect &&
+		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.repo_new.url >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual &&
+		echo "$submodurl/repo" >expect &&
+		git config submodule.repo.url >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual &&
+		echo "$submodurl/bare.git" >expect &&
+		git config submodule.repo_new.url >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule add with an existing name fails unless forced' '
+	(
+		cd addtest2 &&
+		rm -rf repo &&
+		git rm repo &&
+		test_must_fail git submodule add -q --name repo_new "$submodurl/repo.git" repo &&
+		test ! -d repo &&
+		echo "repo" >expect &&
+		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.repo_new.path >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual&&
+		echo "$submodurl/bare.git" >expect &&
+		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.repo_new.url >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual &&
+		echo "$submodurl/bare.git" >expect &&
+		git config submodule.repo_new.url >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual &&
+		git submodule add -f -q --name repo_new "$submodurl/repo.git" repo &&
+		test -d repo &&
+		echo "repo" >expect &&
+		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.repo_new.path >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual&&
+		echo "$submodurl/repo.git" >expect &&
+		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.repo_new.url >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual &&
+		echo "$submodurl/repo.git" >expect &&
+		git config submodule.repo_new.url >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'set up a second submodule' '
+	git submodule add ./init2 example2 &&
+	git commit -m "submodule example2 added"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule deinit should remove the whole submodule section from .git/config' '
+	git config submodule.example.foo bar &&
+	git config submodule.example2.frotz nitfol &&
+	git submodule deinit init &&
+	test -z "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")" &&
+	test -n "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example2\.")" &&
+	test -f example2/.git &&
+	rmdir init
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule deinit . deinits all initialized submodules' '
+	git submodule update --init &&
+	git config submodule.example.foo bar &&
+	git config submodule.example2.frotz nitfol &&
+	test_must_fail git submodule deinit &&
+	git submodule deinit . >actual &&
+	test -z "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")" &&
+	test -z "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example2\.")" &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cleared directory .init" actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cleared directory .example2" actual &&
+	rmdir init example2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule deinit deinits a submodule when its work tree is missing or empty' '
+	git submodule update --init &&
+	rm -rf init example2/* example2/.git &&
+	git submodule deinit init example2 >actual &&
+	test -z "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")" &&
+	test -z "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example2\.")" &&
+	test_i18ngrep ! "Cleared directory .init" actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cleared directory .example2" actual &&
+	rmdir init
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule deinit fails when the submodule contains modifications unless forced' '
+	git submodule update --init &&
+	echo X >>init/s &&
+	test_must_fail git submodule deinit init &&
+	test -n "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")" &&
+	test -f example2/.git &&
+	git submodule deinit -f init >actual &&
+	test -z "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")" &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cleared directory .init" actual &&
+	rmdir init
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule deinit fails when the submodule contains untracked files unless forced' '
+	git submodule update --init &&
+	echo X >>init/untracked &&
+	test_must_fail git submodule deinit init &&
+	test -n "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")" &&
+	test -f example2/.git &&
+	git submodule deinit -f init >actual &&
+	test -z "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")" &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cleared directory .init" actual &&
+	rmdir init
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule deinit fails when the submodule HEAD does not match unless forced' '
+	git submodule update --init &&
+	(
+		cd init &&
+		git checkout HEAD^
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git submodule deinit init &&
+	test -n "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")" &&
+	test -f example2/.git &&
+	git submodule deinit -f init >actual &&
+	test -z "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")" &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cleared directory .init" actual &&
+	rmdir init
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule deinit is silent when used on an uninitialized submodule' '
+	git submodule update --init &&
+	git submodule deinit init >actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Submodule .example. (.*) unregistered for path .init" actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cleared directory .init" actual &&
+	git submodule deinit init >actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep ! "Submodule .example. (.*) unregistered for path .init" actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cleared directory .init" actual &&
+	git submodule deinit . >actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep ! "Submodule .example. (.*) unregistered for path .init" actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Submodule .example2. (.*) unregistered for path .example2" actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cleared directory .init" actual &&
+	git submodule deinit . >actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep ! "Submodule .example. (.*) unregistered for path .init" actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep ! "Submodule .example2. (.*) unregistered for path .example2" actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cleared directory .init" actual &&
+	rmdir init example2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule deinit fails when submodule has a .git directory even when forced' '
+	git submodule update --init &&
+	(
+		cd init &&
+		rm .git &&
+		cp -R ../.git/modules/example .git &&
+		GIT_WORK_TREE=. git config --unset core.worktree
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git submodule deinit init &&
+	test_must_fail git submodule deinit -f init &&
+	test -d init/.git &&
+	test -n "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule with UTF-8 name' '
+	svname=$(printf "\303\245 \303\244\303\266") &&
+	mkdir "$svname" &&
+	(
+		cd "$svname" &&
+		git init &&
+		>sub &&
+		git add sub &&
+		git commit -m "init sub"
+	) &&
+	test_config core.precomposeunicode true &&
+	git submodule add ./"$svname" &&
+	git submodule >&2 &&
+	test -n "$(git submodule | grep "$svname")"
+'
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7402-submodule-rebase.sh b/t/t7402-submodule-rebase.sh
index f919c8d..8e32f19 100755
--- a/t/t7402-submodule-rebase.sh
+++ b/t/t7402-submodule-rebase.sh
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 # Copyright (c) 2008 Johannes Schindelin
 #
 
-test_description='Test rebasing and stashing with dirty submodules'
+test_description='Test rebasing, stashing, etc. with submodules'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
@@ -20,7 +20,8 @@
 	echo second line >> file &&
 	(cd submodule && git pull) &&
 	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m file-and-submodule -a
+	git commit -m file-and-submodule -a &&
+	git branch added-submodule
 
 '
 
@@ -89,4 +90,29 @@
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rebasing submodule that should conflict' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout added-submodule &&
+	git add submodule &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m third &&
+	(
+		cd submodule &&
+		git commit --allow-empty -m extra
+	) &&
+	git add submodule &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m fourth &&
+
+	test_must_fail git rebase --onto HEAD^^ HEAD^ HEAD^0 &&
+	git ls-files -s submodule >actual &&
+	(
+		cd submodule &&
+		echo "160000 $(git rev-parse HEAD^) 1	submodule" &&
+		echo "160000 $(git rev-parse HEAD^^) 2	submodule" &&
+		echo "160000 $(git rev-parse HEAD) 3	submodule"
+	) >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7403-submodule-sync.sh b/t/t7403-submodule-sync.sh
index 3620215..94e26c4 100755
--- a/t/t7403-submodule-sync.sh
+++ b/t/t7403-submodule-sync.sh
@@ -17,16 +17,25 @@
 	git commit -m upstream &&
 	git clone . super &&
 	git clone super submodule &&
+	(cd submodule &&
+	 git submodule add ../submodule sub-submodule &&
+	 test_tick &&
+	 git commit -m "sub-submodule"
+	) &&
 	(cd super &&
 	 git submodule add ../submodule submodule &&
 	 test_tick &&
 	 git commit -m "submodule"
 	) &&
 	git clone super super-clone &&
-	(cd super-clone && git submodule update --init) &&
+	(cd super-clone && git submodule update --init --recursive) &&
 	git clone super empty-clone &&
 	(cd empty-clone && git submodule init) &&
-	git clone super top-only-clone
+	git clone super top-only-clone &&
+	git clone super relative-clone &&
+	(cd relative-clone && git submodule update --init --recursive) &&
+	git clone super recursive-clone &&
+	(cd recursive-clone && git submodule update --init --recursive)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'change submodule' '
@@ -44,6 +53,11 @@
 	 git pull
 	) &&
 	mv submodule moved-submodule &&
+	(cd moved-submodule &&
+	 git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub-submodule.url ../moved-submodule &&
+	 test_tick &&
+	 git commit -a -m moved-sub-submodule
+	) &&
 	(cd super &&
 	 git config -f .gitmodules submodule.submodule.url ../moved-submodule &&
 	 test_tick &&
@@ -59,6 +73,9 @@
 	test -d "$(cd super-clone/submodule &&
 	 git config remote.origin.url
 	)" &&
+	test ! -d "$(cd super-clone/submodule/sub-submodule &&
+	 git config remote.origin.url
+	)" &&
 	(cd super-clone/submodule &&
 	 git checkout master &&
 	 git pull
@@ -68,6 +85,25 @@
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success '"git submodule sync --recursive" should update all submodule URLs' '
+	(cd super-clone &&
+	 (cd submodule &&
+	  git pull --no-recurse-submodules
+	 ) &&
+	 git submodule sync --recursive
+	) &&
+	test -d "$(cd super-clone/submodule &&
+	 git config remote.origin.url
+	)" &&
+	test -d "$(cd super-clone/submodule/sub-submodule &&
+	 git config remote.origin.url
+	)" &&
+	(cd super-clone/submodule/sub-submodule &&
+	 git checkout master &&
+	 git pull
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success '"git submodule sync" should update known submodule URLs' '
 	(cd empty-clone &&
 	 git pull &&
@@ -86,4 +122,107 @@
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success '"git submodule sync" handles origin URL of the form foo' '
+	(cd relative-clone &&
+	 git remote set-url origin foo &&
+	 git submodule sync &&
+	(cd submodule &&
+	 #actual fails with: "cannot strip off url foo
+	 test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../submodule"
+	)
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git submodule sync" handles origin URL of the form foo/bar' '
+	(cd relative-clone &&
+	 git remote set-url origin foo/bar &&
+	 git submodule sync &&
+	(cd submodule &&
+	 #actual foo/submodule
+	 test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../foo/submodule"
+	)
+	(cd submodule/sub-submodule &&
+	 test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" != "../../foo/submodule"
+	)
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git submodule sync --recursive" propagates changes in origin' '
+	(cd recursive-clone &&
+	 git remote set-url origin foo/bar &&
+	 git submodule sync --recursive &&
+	(cd submodule &&
+	 #actual foo/submodule
+	 test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../foo/submodule"
+	)
+	(cd submodule/sub-submodule &&
+	 test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../../foo/submodule"
+	)
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git submodule sync" handles origin URL of the form ./foo' '
+	(cd relative-clone &&
+	 git remote set-url origin ./foo &&
+	 git submodule sync &&
+	(cd submodule &&
+	 #actual ./submodule
+	 test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../submodule"
+	)
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git submodule sync" handles origin URL of the form ./foo/bar' '
+	(cd relative-clone &&
+	 git remote set-url origin ./foo/bar &&
+	 git submodule sync &&
+	(cd submodule &&
+	 #actual ./foo/submodule
+	 test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../foo/submodule"
+	)
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git submodule sync" handles origin URL of the form ../foo' '
+	(cd relative-clone &&
+	 git remote set-url origin ../foo &&
+	 git submodule sync &&
+	(cd submodule &&
+	 #actual ../submodule
+	 test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../../submodule"
+	)
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git submodule sync" handles origin URL of the form ../foo/bar' '
+	(cd relative-clone &&
+	 git remote set-url origin ../foo/bar &&
+	 git submodule sync &&
+	(cd submodule &&
+	 #actual ../foo/submodule
+	 test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../../foo/submodule"
+	)
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git submodule sync" handles origin URL of the form ../foo/bar with deeply nested submodule' '
+	(cd relative-clone &&
+	 git remote set-url origin ../foo/bar &&
+	 mkdir -p a/b/c &&
+	 ( cd a/b/c &&
+	   git init &&
+	   :> .gitignore &&
+	   git add .gitignore &&
+	   test_tick &&
+	   git commit -m "initial commit" ) &&
+	 git submodule add ../bar/a/b/c ./a/b/c &&
+	 git submodule sync &&
+	(cd a/b/c &&
+	 #actual ../foo/bar/a/b/c
+	 test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../../../../foo/bar/a/b/c"
+	)
+	)
+'
+
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7406-submodule-update.sh b/t/t7406-submodule-update.sh
index dcb195b..a4ffea0 100755
--- a/t/t7406-submodule-update.sh
+++ b/t/t7406-submodule-update.sh
@@ -123,6 +123,49 @@
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'submodule update --force forcibly checks out submodules' '
+	(cd super &&
+	 (cd submodule &&
+	  rm -f file
+	 ) &&
+	 git submodule update --force submodule &&
+	 (cd submodule &&
+	  test "$(git status -s file)" = ""
+	 )
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule update --remote should fetch upstream changes' '
+	(cd submodule &&
+	 echo line4 >> file &&
+	 git add file &&
+	 test_tick &&
+	 git commit -m "upstream line4"
+	) &&
+	(cd super &&
+	 git submodule update --remote --force submodule &&
+	 cd submodule &&
+	 test "$(git log -1 --oneline)" = "$(GIT_DIR=../../submodule/.git git log -1 --oneline)"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'local config should override .gitmodules branch' '
+	(cd submodule &&
+	 git checkout -b test-branch &&
+	 echo line5 >> file &&
+	 git add file &&
+	 test_tick &&
+	 git commit -m "upstream line5" &&
+	 git checkout master
+	) &&
+	(cd super &&
+	 git config submodule.submodule.branch test-branch &&
+	 git submodule update --remote --force submodule &&
+	 cd submodule &&
+	 test "$(git log -1 --oneline)" = "$(GIT_DIR=../../submodule/.git git log -1 --oneline test-branch)"
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'submodule update --rebase staying on master' '
 	(cd super/submodule &&
 	  git checkout master
@@ -367,7 +410,7 @@
 	 git submodule init &&
 	 git commit -am "new_submodule" &&
 	 (cd submodule2 &&
-	  git rev-parse --max-count=1 HEAD > ../expect
+	  git rev-parse --verify HEAD >../expect
 	 ) &&
 	 (cd submodule &&
 	  test_commit "update_submodule" file
@@ -384,7 +427,7 @@
 	 git checkout HEAD^ &&
 	 test_must_fail git submodule update &&
 	 (cd submodule2 &&
-	  git rev-parse --max-count=1 HEAD > ../actual
+	  git rev-parse --verify HEAD >../actual
 	 ) &&
 	 test_cmp expect actual
 	)
@@ -413,7 +456,7 @@
 	  test_commit "update_submodule_again_again" file
 	 ) &&
 	 (cd submodule2 &&
-	  git rev-parse --max-count=1 HEAD > ../expect &&
+	  git rev-parse --verify HEAD >../expect &&
 	  test_commit "update_submodule2_again" file
 	 ) &&
 	 git add submodule &&
@@ -428,7 +471,7 @@
 	 ) &&
 	 test_must_fail git submodule update --recursive &&
 	 (cd submodule2 &&
-	  git rev-parse --max-count=1 HEAD > ../actual
+	  git rev-parse --verify HEAD >../actual
 	 ) &&
 	 test_cmp expect actual
 	)
@@ -460,12 +503,12 @@
 	 ) &&
 	 git checkout HEAD^ &&
 	 (cd submodule2 &&
-	  git rev-parse --max-count=1 HEAD > ../expect
+	  git rev-parse --verify HEAD >../expect
 	 ) &&
 	 git config submodule.submodule.update merge &&
 	 test_must_fail git submodule update &&
 	 (cd submodule2 &&
-	  git rev-parse --max-count=1 HEAD > ../actual
+	  git rev-parse --verify HEAD >../actual
 	 ) &&
 	 test_cmp expect actual
 	)
@@ -495,12 +538,12 @@
 	 ) &&
 	 git checkout HEAD^ &&
 	 (cd submodule2 &&
-	  git rev-parse --max-count=1 HEAD > ../expect
+	  git rev-parse --verify HEAD >../expect
 	 ) &&
 	 git config submodule.submodule.update rebase &&
 	 test_must_fail git submodule update &&
 	 (cd submodule2 &&
-	  git rev-parse --max-count=1 HEAD > ../actual
+	  git rev-parse --verify HEAD >../actual
 	 ) &&
 	 test_cmp expect actual
 	)
@@ -553,14 +596,14 @@
 	   git log > ../../../expected
 	  ) &&
 	  git commit -m "added subsubmodule" &&
-	  git push
+	  git push origin :
 	 ) &&
 	 (cd .git/modules/deeper/submodule/modules/subsubmodule &&
 	  git log > ../../../../../actual
 	 ) &&
 	 git add deeper/submodule &&
 	 git commit -m "update submodule" &&
-	 git push &&
+	 git push origin : &&
 	 test_cmp actual expected
 	)
 '
@@ -600,7 +643,8 @@
 	rm -rf super_update_r2 &&
 	git clone super_update_r super_update_r2 &&
 	(cd super_update_r2 &&
-	 git submodule update --init --recursive &&
+	 git submodule update --init --recursive >actual &&
+	 test_i18ngrep "Submodule path .submodule/subsubmodule.: checked out" actual &&
 	 (cd submodule/subsubmodule &&
 	  git log > ../../expected
 	 ) &&
@@ -615,14 +659,16 @@
 	(cd super &&
 	 git reset --hard master &&
 	 rm -rf deeper/ &&
-	 git submodule add ../submodule deeper/submodule
+	 git submodule add --force ../submodule deeper/submodule
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'submodule update properly revives a moved submodule' '
 	(cd super &&
+	 H=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD) &&
 	 git commit -am "pre move" &&
-	 git status >expect&&
+	 H2=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD) &&
+	 git status | sed "s/$H/XXX/" >expect &&
 	 H=$(cd submodule2; git rev-parse HEAD) &&
 	 git rm --cached submodule2 &&
 	 rm -rf submodule2 &&
@@ -631,9 +677,22 @@
 	 git config -f .gitmodules submodule.submodule2.path "moved/sub module"
 	 git commit -am "post move" &&
 	 git submodule update &&
-	 git status >actual &&
+	 git status | sed "s/$H2/XXX/" >actual &&
 	 test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'submodule update can handle symbolic links in pwd' '
+	mkdir -p linked/dir &&
+	ln -s linked/dir linkto &&
+	(
+		cd linkto &&
+		git clone "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"/super_update_r2 super &&
+		(
+			cd super &&
+			git submodule update --init --recursive
+		)
+	)
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7407-submodule-foreach.sh b/t/t7407-submodule-foreach.sh
index 9b69fe2..107b4b7 100755
--- a/t/t7407-submodule-foreach.sh
+++ b/t/t7407-submodule-foreach.sh
@@ -226,14 +226,14 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-sed -e "/nested1 /s/.*/+$nested1sha1 nested1 (file2~1)/;/sub[1-3]/d" < expect > expect2
+sed -e "/nested2 /s/.*/+$nested2sha1 nested1\/nested2 (file2~1)/;/sub[1-3]/d" < expect > expect2
 mv -f expect2 expect
 
 test_expect_success 'ensure "status --cached --recursive" preserves the --cached flag' '
 	(
 		cd clone3 &&
 		(
-			cd nested1 &&
+			cd nested1/nested2 &&
 			test_commit file2
 		) &&
 		git submodule status --cached --recursive -- nested1 > ../actual
diff --git a/t/t7409-submodule-detached-worktree.sh b/t/t7409-submodule-detached-worktree.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c207171
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7409-submodule-detached-worktree.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Daniel Graña
+#
+
+test_description='Test submodules on detached working tree
+
+This test verifies that "git submodule" initialization, update and addition works
+on detahced working trees
+'
+
+TEST_NO_CREATE_REPO=1
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule on detached working tree' '
+	git init --bare remote &&
+	test_create_repo bundle1 &&
+	(
+		cd bundle1 &&
+		test_commit "shoot" &&
+		git rev-parse --verify HEAD >../expect
+	) &&
+	mkdir home &&
+	(
+		cd home &&
+		GIT_WORK_TREE="$(pwd)" &&
+		GIT_DIR="$(pwd)/.dotfiles" &&
+		export GIT_WORK_TREE GIT_DIR &&
+		git clone --bare ../remote .dotfiles &&
+		git submodule add ../bundle1 .vim/bundle/sogood &&
+		test_commit "sogood" &&
+		(
+			unset GIT_WORK_TREE GIT_DIR &&
+			cd .vim/bundle/sogood &&
+			git rev-parse --verify HEAD >actual &&
+			test_cmp ../../../../expect actual
+		) &&
+		git push origin master
+	) &&
+	mkdir home2 &&
+	(
+		cd home2 &&
+		git clone --bare ../remote .dotfiles &&
+		GIT_WORK_TREE="$(pwd)" &&
+		GIT_DIR="$(pwd)/.dotfiles" &&
+		export GIT_WORK_TREE GIT_DIR &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git submodule update --init &&
+		(
+			unset GIT_WORK_TREE GIT_DIR &&
+			cd .vim/bundle/sogood &&
+			git rev-parse --verify HEAD >actual &&
+			test_cmp ../../../../expect actual
+		)
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule on detached working pointed by core.worktree' '
+	mkdir home3 &&
+	(
+		cd home3 &&
+		GIT_DIR="$(pwd)/.dotfiles" &&
+		export GIT_DIR &&
+		git clone --bare ../remote "$GIT_DIR" &&
+		git config core.bare false &&
+		git config core.worktree .. &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git submodule add ../bundle1 .vim/bundle/dupe &&
+		test_commit "dupe" &&
+		git push origin master
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd home &&
+		GIT_DIR="$(pwd)/.dotfiles" &&
+		export GIT_DIR &&
+		git config core.bare false &&
+		git config core.worktree .. &&
+		git pull &&
+		git submodule update --init &&
+		test -f .vim/bundle/dupe/shoot.t
+	)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7500-commit.sh b/t/t7500-commit.sh
index 1c908f4..bdc1f29 100755
--- a/t/t7500-commit.sh
+++ b/t/t7500-commit.sh
@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@
 	expect=commit_msg_is.expect
 	actual=commit_msg_is.actual
 
-	printf "%s" "$(git log --pretty=format:%s%b -1)" >$expect &&
-	printf "%s" "$1" >$actual &&
-	test_i18ncmp $expect $actual
+	printf "%s" "$(git log --pretty=format:%s%b -1)" >"$actual" &&
+	printf "%s" "$1" >"$expect" &&
+	test_i18ncmp "$expect" "$actual"
 }
 
 # A sanity check to see if commit is working at all.
@@ -36,8 +36,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'nonexistent template file in config should return error' '
-	git config commit.template "$PWD"/notexist &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset commit.template" &&
+	test_config commit.template "$PWD"/notexist &&
 	(
 		GIT_EDITOR="echo hello >\"\$1\"" &&
 		export GIT_EDITOR &&
@@ -93,14 +92,13 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'config-specified template should commit' '
 	echo "new template" > "$TEMPLATE" &&
-	git config commit.template "$TEMPLATE" &&
+	test_config commit.template "$TEMPLATE" &&
 	echo "more content" >> foo &&
 	git add foo &&
 	(
 		test_set_editor "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t7500/add-content &&
 		git commit
 	) &&
-	git config --unset commit.template &&
 	commit_msg_is "new templatecommit message"
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t7500/add-content-and-comment b/t/t7500/add-content-and-comment
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c4dccff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7500/add-content-and-comment
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+echo "commit message" >> "$1"
+echo "# comment" >> "$1"
+exit 0
+
diff --git a/t/t7501-commit.sh b/t/t7501-commit.sh
index b20ca0e..195e747 100755
--- a/t/t7501-commit.sh
+++ b/t/t7501-commit.sh
@@ -108,6 +108,16 @@
 	EDITOR=./editor git commit --amend
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'amend --only ignores staged contents' '
+	cp file file.expect &&
+	echo changed >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit --no-edit --amend --only &&
+	git cat-file blob HEAD:file >file.actual &&
+	test_cmp file.expect file.actual &&
+	git diff --exit-code
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'set up editor' '
 	cat >editor <<-\EOF &&
 	#!/bin/sh
@@ -138,6 +148,21 @@
 	test_cmp expect msg
 '
 
+test_expect_success '--amend --edit of empty message' '
+	cat >replace <<-\EOF &&
+	#!/bin/sh
+	echo "amended" >"$1"
+	EOF
+	chmod 755 replace &&
+	git commit --allow-empty --allow-empty-message -m "" &&
+	echo more bongo >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	EDITOR=./replace git commit --edit --amend &&
+	git diff-tree -s --format=%s HEAD >msg &&
+	./replace expect &&
+	test_cmp expect msg
+'
+
 test_expect_success '-m --edit' '
 	echo amended >expect &&
 	git commit --allow-empty -m buffer &&
@@ -487,4 +512,16 @@
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'commit a file whose name is a dash' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	for i in 1 2 3 4 5
+	do
+		echo $i
+	done >./- &&
+	git add ./- &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "add dash" >output </dev/null &&
+	test_i18ngrep " changed, 5 insertions" output
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7502-commit.sh b/t/t7502-commit.sh
index 181456a..6313da2 100755
--- a/t/t7502-commit.sh
+++ b/t/t7502-commit.sh
@@ -4,6 +4,15 @@
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
+commit_msg_is () {
+	expect=commit_msg_is.expect
+	actual=commit_msg_is.actual
+
+	printf "%s" "$(git log --pretty=format:%s%b -1)" >$actual &&
+	printf "%s" "$1" >$expect &&
+	test_i18ncmp $expect $actual
+}
+
 # Arguments: [<prefix] [<commit message>] [<commit options>]
 check_summary_oneline() {
 	test_tick &&
@@ -162,23 +171,30 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'verbose respects diff config' '
 
-	git config color.diff always &&
+	test_config color.diff always &&
 	git status -v >actual &&
-	grep "\[1mdiff --git" actual &&
-	git config --unset color.diff
+	grep "\[1mdiff --git" actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (verbatim,-t)' '
+mesg_with_comment_and_newlines='
+# text
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare file with comment line and trailing newlines'  '
+	printf "%s" "$mesg_with_comment_and_newlines" >expect
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (verbatim option,-t)' '
 
 	echo >>negative &&
-	{ echo;echo "# text";echo; } >expect &&
-	git commit --cleanup=verbatim -t expect -a &&
-	git cat-file -p HEAD |sed -e "1,/^\$/d" |head -n 3 >actual &&
+	git commit --cleanup=verbatim --no-status -t expect -a &&
+	git cat-file -p HEAD |sed -e "1,/^\$/d" >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (verbatim,-F)' '
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (verbatim option,-F)' '
 
 	echo >>negative &&
 	git commit --cleanup=verbatim -F expect -a &&
@@ -187,16 +203,16 @@
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (verbatim,-m)' '
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (verbatim option,-m)' '
 
 	echo >>negative &&
-	git commit --cleanup=verbatim -m "$(cat expect)" -a &&
+	git commit --cleanup=verbatim -m "$mesg_with_comment_and_newlines" -a &&
 	git cat-file -p HEAD |sed -e "1,/^\$/d">actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (whitespace,-F)' '
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (whitespace option,-F)' '
 
 	echo >>negative &&
 	{ echo;echo "# text";echo; } >text &&
@@ -207,7 +223,7 @@
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (strip,-F)' '
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (strip option,-F)' '
 
 	echo >>negative &&
 	{ echo;echo "# text";echo sample;echo; } >text &&
@@ -218,7 +234,7 @@
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (strip,-F,-e)' '
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (strip option,-F,-e)' '
 
 	echo >>negative &&
 	{ echo;echo sample;echo; } >text &&
@@ -231,48 +247,136 @@
 # Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting
 # with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit." >expect
 
-test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (strip,-F,-e): output' '
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (strip option,-F,-e): output' '
 	test_i18ncmp expect actual
 '
 
-echo "#
-# Author:    $GIT_AUTHOR_NAME <$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL>
-#" >> expect
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit message (fail on invalid cleanup mode option)' '
+	test_must_fail git commit --cleanup=non-existent
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'author different from committer' '
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit message (fail on invalid cleanup mode configuration)' '
+	test_must_fail git -c commit.cleanup=non-existent commit
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit message (no config and no option uses default)' '
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	(
+	  test_set_editor "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t7500/add-content-and-comment &&
+	  git commit --no-status
+	) &&
+	commit_msg_is "commit message"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit message (option overrides default)' '
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	(
+	  test_set_editor "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t7500/add-content-and-comment &&
+	  git commit --cleanup=whitespace --no-status
+	) &&
+	commit_msg_is "commit message # comment"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit message (config overrides default)' '
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	(
+	  test_set_editor "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t7500/add-content-and-comment &&
+	  git -c commit.cleanup=whitespace commit --no-status
+	) &&
+	commit_msg_is "commit message # comment"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit message (option overrides config)' '
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	(
+	  test_set_editor "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t7500/add-content-and-comment &&
+	  git -c commit.cleanup=whitespace commit --cleanup=default
+	) &&
+	commit_msg_is "commit message"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit message (default, -m)' '
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m "message #comment " &&
+	commit_msg_is "message #comment"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit message (whitespace option, -m)' '
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit --cleanup=whitespace --no-status -m "message #comment " &&
+	commit_msg_is "message #comment"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit message (whitespace config, -m)' '
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git -c commit.cleanup=whitespace commit --no-status -m "message #comment " &&
+	commit_msg_is "message #comment"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'message shows author when it is not equal to committer' '
 	echo >>negative &&
-	test_might_fail git commit -e -m "sample" &&
-	head -n 7 .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG >actual &&
-	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+	git commit -e -m "sample" -a &&
+	test_i18ngrep \
+	  "^# Author: *A U Thor <author@example.com>\$" \
+	  .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 '
 
-mv expect expect.tmp
-sed '$d' < expect.tmp > expect
-rm -f expect.tmp
-echo "# Committer:
-#" >> expect
-
-test_expect_success 'committer is automatic' '
+test_expect_success AUTOIDENT 'message shows committer when it is automatic' '
 
 	echo >>negative &&
 	(
 		sane_unset GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL &&
 		sane_unset GIT_COMMITTER_NAME &&
-		# must fail because there is no change
-		test_must_fail git commit -e -m "sample"
+		git commit -e -m "sample" -a
 	) &&
-	head -n 8 .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG |	\
-	sed "s/^# Committer: .*/# Committer:/" >actual
-	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+	# the ident is calculated from the system, so we cannot
+	# check the actual value, only that it is there
+	test_i18ngrep "^# Committer: " .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 '
 
-pwd=`pwd`
-cat >> .git/FAKE_EDITOR << EOF
-#! /bin/sh
-echo editor started > "$pwd/.git/result"
+write_script .git/FAKE_EDITOR <<EOF
+echo editor started > "$(pwd)/.git/result"
 exit 0
 EOF
-chmod +x .git/FAKE_EDITOR
+
+test_expect_success !AUTOIDENT 'do not fire editor when committer is bogus' '
+	>.git/result
+	>expect &&
+
+	echo >>negative &&
+	(
+		sane_unset GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL &&
+		sane_unset GIT_COMMITTER_NAME &&
+		GIT_EDITOR="\"$(pwd)/.git/FAKE_EDITOR\"" &&
+		export GIT_EDITOR &&
+		test_must_fail git commit -e -m sample -a
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect .git/result
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'do not fire editor if -m <msg> was given' '
+	echo tick >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	echo "editor not started" >.git/result &&
+	(GIT_EDITOR="\"$(pwd)/.git/FAKE_EDITOR\"" git commit -m tick) &&
+	test "$(cat .git/result)" = "editor not started"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'do not fire editor if -m "" was given' '
+	echo tock >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	echo "editor not started" >.git/result &&
+	(GIT_EDITOR="\"$(pwd)/.git/FAKE_EDITOR\"" \
+	 git commit -m "" --allow-empty-message) &&
+	test "$(cat .git/result)" = "editor not started"
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'do not fire editor in the presence of conflicts' '
 
@@ -293,16 +397,14 @@
 	test_must_fail git cherry-pick -n master &&
 	echo "editor not started" >.git/result &&
 	(
-		GIT_EDITOR="$(pwd)/.git/FAKE_EDITOR" &&
+		GIT_EDITOR="\"$(pwd)/.git/FAKE_EDITOR\"" &&
 		export GIT_EDITOR &&
 		test_must_fail git commit
 	) &&
 	test "$(cat .git/result)" = "editor not started"
 '
 
-pwd=`pwd`
-cat >.git/FAKE_EDITOR <<EOF
-#! $SHELL_PATH
+write_script .git/FAKE_EDITOR <<EOF
 # kill -TERM command added below.
 EOF
 
@@ -339,27 +441,28 @@
 
 '
 
-cat >.git/FAKE_EDITOR <<EOF
-#!$SHELL_PATH
-mv "\$1" "\$1.orig"
+test_expect_success 'commit -s places sob on third line after two empty lines' '
+	git commit -s --allow-empty --allow-empty-message &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+
+
+	Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+
+	EOF
+	sed -e "/^#/d" -e "s/^:.*//" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+write_script .git/FAKE_EDITOR <<\EOF
+mv "$1" "$1.orig"
 (
 	echo message
-	cat "\$1.orig"
-) >"\$1"
+	cat "$1.orig"
+) >"$1"
 EOF
 
 echo '## Custom template' >template
 
-clear_config () {
-	(
-		git config --unset-all "$1"
-		case $? in
-		0|5)	exit 0 ;;
-		*)	exit 1 ;;
-		esac
-	)
-}
-
 try_commit () {
 	git reset --hard &&
 	echo >>negative &&
@@ -375,67 +478,57 @@
 try_commit_status_combo () {
 
 	test_expect_success 'commit' '
-		clear_config commit.status &&
 		try_commit "" &&
 		test_i18ngrep "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 	'
 
 	test_expect_success 'commit' '
-		clear_config commit.status &&
 		try_commit "" &&
 		test_i18ngrep "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 	'
 
 	test_expect_success 'commit --status' '
-		clear_config commit.status &&
 		try_commit --status &&
 		test_i18ngrep "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 	'
 
 	test_expect_success 'commit --no-status' '
-		clear_config commit.status &&
 		try_commit --no-status &&
 		test_i18ngrep ! "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 	'
 
 	test_expect_success 'commit with commit.status = yes' '
-		clear_config commit.status &&
-		git config commit.status yes &&
+		test_config commit.status yes &&
 		try_commit "" &&
 		test_i18ngrep "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 	'
 
 	test_expect_success 'commit with commit.status = no' '
-		clear_config commit.status &&
-		git config commit.status no &&
+		test_config commit.status no &&
 		try_commit "" &&
 		test_i18ngrep ! "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 	'
 
 	test_expect_success 'commit --status with commit.status = yes' '
-		clear_config commit.status &&
-		git config commit.status yes &&
+		test_config commit.status yes &&
 		try_commit --status &&
 		test_i18ngrep "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 	'
 
 	test_expect_success 'commit --no-status with commit.status = yes' '
-		clear_config commit.status &&
-		git config commit.status yes &&
+		test_config commit.status yes &&
 		try_commit --no-status &&
 		test_i18ngrep ! "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 	'
 
 	test_expect_success 'commit --status with commit.status = no' '
-		clear_config commit.status &&
-		git config commit.status no &&
+		test_config commit.status no &&
 		try_commit --status &&
 		test_i18ngrep "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 	'
 
 	test_expect_success 'commit --no-status with commit.status = no' '
-		clear_config commit.status &&
-		git config commit.status no &&
+		test_config commit.status no &&
 		try_commit --no-status &&
 		test_i18ngrep ! "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 	'
@@ -448,4 +541,10 @@
 
 try_commit_status_combo
 
+test_expect_success 'commit --status with custom comment character' '
+	test_config core.commentchar ";" &&
+	try_commit --status &&
+	test_i18ngrep "^; Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7505-prepare-commit-msg-hook.sh b/t/t7505-prepare-commit-msg-hook.sh
index 5b4b694..3573751 100755
--- a/t/t7505-prepare-commit-msg-hook.sh
+++ b/t/t7505-prepare-commit-msg-hook.sh
@@ -167,5 +167,19 @@
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'with failing hook (merge)' '
+
+	git checkout -B other HEAD@{1} &&
+	echo "more" >> file &&
+	git add file &&
+	rm -f "$HOOK" &&
+	git commit -m other &&
+	write_script "$HOOK" <<-EOF
+	exit 1
+	EOF
+	git checkout - &&
+	test_must_fail git merge other
+
+'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7508-status.sh b/t/t7508-status.sh
index 28e1848..e2ffdac 100755
--- a/t/t7508-status.sh
+++ b/t/t7508-status.sh
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 test_expect_success 'status -h in broken repository' '
+	git config --global advice.statusuoption false &&
 	mkdir broken &&
 	test_when_finished "rm -fr broken" &&
 	(
@@ -80,7 +81,7 @@
 #	dir1/untracked dir2/untracked untracked
 #	dir2/modified  output
 EOF
-	test_cmp expect output
+	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
 
 cat >expect <<\EOF
@@ -130,8 +131,7 @@
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'status (advice.statusHints false)' '
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset advice.statusHints" &&
-	git config advice.statusHints false &&
+	test_config advice.statusHints false &&
 	git status >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 
@@ -331,8 +331,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'status (status.showUntrackedFiles no)' '
-	git config status.showuntrackedfiles no
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset status.showuntrackedfiles" &&
+	test_config status.showuntrackedfiles no &&
 	git status >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
@@ -347,12 +346,11 @@
 #
 # Untracked files not listed
 EOF
-git config advice.statusHints false
 test_expect_success 'status -uno (advice.statusHints false)' '
+	test_config advice.statusHints false &&
 	git status -uno >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
-git config --unset advice.statusHints
 
 cat >expect << EOF
  M dir1/modified
@@ -399,8 +397,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'status (status.showUntrackedFiles normal)' '
-	git config status.showuntrackedfiles normal
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset status.showuntrackedfiles" &&
+	test_config status.showuntrackedfiles normal
 	git status >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
@@ -458,8 +455,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'status (status.showUntrackedFiles all)' '
-	git config status.showuntrackedfiles all
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset status.showuntrackedfiles" &&
+	test_config status.showuntrackedfiles all
 	git status >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
@@ -484,10 +480,9 @@
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 test_expect_success 'status -s (status.showUntrackedFiles all)' '
-	git config status.showuntrackedfiles all
+	test_config status.showuntrackedfiles all &&
 	git status -s >output &&
 	rm -rf dir3 &&
-	git config --unset status.showuntrackedfiles &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
@@ -587,15 +582,13 @@
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'status with color.ui' '
-	git config color.ui always &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset color.ui" &&
+	test_config color.ui always &&
 	git status | test_decode_color >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'status with color.status' '
-	git config color.status always &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset color.status" &&
+	test_config color.status always &&
 	git status | test_decode_color >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
@@ -719,8 +712,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'status without relative paths' '
 
-	git config status.relativePaths false &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset status.relativePaths" &&
+	test_config status.relativePaths false &&
 	(cd dir1 && git status) >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 
@@ -739,8 +731,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'status -s without relative paths' '
 
-	git config status.relativePaths false &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset status.relativePaths" &&
+	test_config status.relativePaths false &&
 	(cd dir1 && git status -s) >output &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 
@@ -941,7 +932,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'status -z implies porcelain' '
 	git status --porcelain |
-	perl -pe "s/\012/\000/g" >expect &&
+	"$PERL_PATH" -pe "s/\012/\000/g" >expect &&
 	git status -z >output &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
@@ -1037,15 +1028,14 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success '.gitmodules ignore=untracked suppresses submodules with untracked content' '
-	git config diff.ignoreSubmodules dirty &&
+	test_config diff.ignoreSubmodules dirty &&
 	git status >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output &&
 	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.ignore untracked &&
 	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.path sm &&
 	git status >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output &&
-	git config -f .gitmodules  --remove-section submodule.subname &&
-	git config --unset diff.ignoreSubmodules
+	git config -f .gitmodules  --remove-section submodule.subname
 '
 
 test_expect_success '.git/config ignore=untracked suppresses submodules with untracked content' '
@@ -1065,15 +1055,14 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success '.gitmodules ignore=dirty suppresses submodules with untracked content' '
-	git config diff.ignoreSubmodules dirty &&
+	test_config diff.ignoreSubmodules dirty &&
 	git status >output &&
 	! test -s actual &&
 	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.ignore dirty &&
 	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.path sm &&
 	git status >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output &&
-	git config -f .gitmodules  --remove-section submodule.subname &&
-	git config --unset diff.ignoreSubmodules
+	git config -f .gitmodules  --remove-section submodule.subname
 '
 
 test_expect_success '.git/config ignore=dirty suppresses submodules with untracked content' '
@@ -1254,6 +1243,54 @@
 '
 
 cat > expect << EOF
+; On branch master
+; Changes to be committed:
+;   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+;
+;	modified:   sm
+;
+; Changes not staged for commit:
+;   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+;   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+;
+;	modified:   dir1/modified
+;	modified:   sm (new commits)
+;
+; Submodule changes to be committed:
+;
+; * sm $head...$new_head (1):
+;   > Add bar
+;
+; Submodules changed but not updated:
+;
+; * sm $new_head...$head2 (1):
+;   > 2nd commit
+;
+; Untracked files:
+;   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+;
+;	.gitmodules
+;	dir1/untracked
+;	dir2/modified
+;	dir2/untracked
+;	expect
+;	output
+;	untracked
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success "status (core.commentchar with submodule summary)" '
+	test_config core.commentchar ";" &&
+	git status >output &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect output
+'
+
+test_expect_success "status (core.commentchar with two chars with submodule summary)" '
+	test_config core.commentchar ";;" &&
+	git status >output &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect output
+'
+
+cat > expect << EOF
 # On branch master
 # Changes not staged for commit:
 #   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
diff --git a/t/t7512-status-help.sh b/t/t7512-status-help.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..bf08d4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7512-status-help.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,739 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Valentin Duperray, Lucien Kong, Franck Jonas,
+#		     Thomas Nguy, Khoi Nguyen
+#		     Grenoble INP Ensimag
+#
+
+test_description='git status advice'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-rebase.sh
+
+set_fake_editor
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare for conflicts' '
+	git config --global advice.statusuoption false &&
+	test_commit init main.txt init &&
+	git branch conflicts &&
+	test_commit on_master main.txt on_master &&
+	git checkout conflicts &&
+	test_commit on_conflicts main.txt on_conflicts
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status when conflicts unresolved' '
+	test_must_fail git merge master &&
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	# On branch conflicts
+	# You have unmerged paths.
+	#   (fix conflicts and run "git commit")
+	#
+	# Unmerged paths:
+	#   (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
+	#
+	#	both modified:      main.txt
+	#
+	no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+	EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status when conflicts resolved before commit' '
+	git reset --hard conflicts &&
+	test_must_fail git merge master &&
+	echo one >main.txt &&
+	git add main.txt &&
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	# On branch conflicts
+	# All conflicts fixed but you are still merging.
+	#   (use "git commit" to conclude merge)
+	#
+	# Changes to be committed:
+	#
+	#	modified:   main.txt
+	#
+	# Untracked files not listed (use -u option to show untracked files)
+	EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare for rebase conflicts' '
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git checkout -b rebase_conflicts &&
+	test_commit one_rebase main.txt one &&
+	test_commit two_rebase main.txt two &&
+	test_commit three_rebase main.txt three
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status when rebase in progress before resolving conflicts' '
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD^^) &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase HEAD^ --onto HEAD^^ &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	# HEAD detached at $ONTO
+	# You are currently rebasing branch '\''rebase_conflicts'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+	#   (fix conflicts and then run "git rebase --continue")
+	#   (use "git rebase --skip" to skip this patch)
+	#   (use "git rebase --abort" to check out the original branch)
+	#
+	# Unmerged paths:
+	#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+	#   (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
+	#
+	#	both modified:      main.txt
+	#
+	no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+	EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status when rebase in progress before rebase --continue' '
+	git reset --hard rebase_conflicts &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD^^) &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase HEAD^ --onto HEAD^^ &&
+	echo three >main.txt &&
+	git add main.txt &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	# HEAD detached at $ONTO
+	# You are currently rebasing branch '\''rebase_conflicts'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+	#   (all conflicts fixed: run "git rebase --continue")
+	#
+	# Changes to be committed:
+	#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+	#
+	#	modified:   main.txt
+	#
+	# Untracked files not listed (use -u option to show untracked files)
+	EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare for rebase_i_conflicts' '
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git checkout -b rebase_i_conflicts &&
+	test_commit one_unmerge main.txt one_unmerge &&
+	git branch rebase_i_conflicts_second &&
+	test_commit one_master main.txt one_master &&
+	git checkout rebase_i_conflicts_second &&
+	test_commit one_second main.txt one_second
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status during rebase -i when conflicts unresolved' '
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short rebase_i_conflicts) &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase -i rebase_i_conflicts &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	# HEAD detached at $ONTO
+	# You are currently rebasing branch '\''rebase_i_conflicts_second'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+	#   (fix conflicts and then run "git rebase --continue")
+	#   (use "git rebase --skip" to skip this patch)
+	#   (use "git rebase --abort" to check out the original branch)
+	#
+	# Unmerged paths:
+	#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+	#   (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
+	#
+	#	both modified:      main.txt
+	#
+	no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+	EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status during rebase -i after resolving conflicts' '
+	git reset --hard rebase_i_conflicts_second &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short rebase_i_conflicts) &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase -i rebase_i_conflicts &&
+	git add main.txt &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	# HEAD detached at $ONTO
+	# You are currently rebasing branch '\''rebase_i_conflicts_second'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+	#   (all conflicts fixed: run "git rebase --continue")
+	#
+	# Changes to be committed:
+	#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+	#
+	#	modified:   main.txt
+	#
+	# Untracked files not listed (use -u option to show untracked files)
+	EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status when rebasing -i in edit mode' '
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git checkout -b rebase_i_edit &&
+	test_commit one_rebase_i main.txt one &&
+	test_commit two_rebase_i main.txt two &&
+	test_commit three_rebase_i main.txt three &&
+	FAKE_LINES="1 edit 2" &&
+	export FAKE_LINES &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~2) &&
+	TGT=$(git rev-parse --short two_rebase_i) &&
+	git rebase -i HEAD~2 &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	# HEAD detached from $TGT
+	# You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '\''rebase_i_edit'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+	#   (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
+	#   (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
+	#
+	nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+	EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status when splitting a commit' '
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git checkout -b split_commit &&
+	test_commit one_split main.txt one &&
+	test_commit two_split main.txt two &&
+	test_commit three_split main.txt three &&
+	test_commit four_split main.txt four &&
+	FAKE_LINES="1 edit 2 3" &&
+	export FAKE_LINES &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
+	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
+	git reset HEAD^ &&
+	TGT=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD) &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	# HEAD detached at $TGT
+	# You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '\''split_commit'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+	#   (Once your working directory is clean, run "git rebase --continue")
+	#
+	# Changes not staged for commit:
+	#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+	#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+	#
+	#	modified:   main.txt
+	#
+	no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+	EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status after editing the last commit with --amend during a rebase -i' '
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git checkout -b amend_last &&
+	test_commit one_amend main.txt one &&
+	test_commit two_amend main.txt two &&
+	test_commit three_amend main.txt three &&
+	test_commit four_amend main.txt four &&
+	FAKE_LINES="1 2 edit 3" &&
+	export FAKE_LINES &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
+	TGT=$(git rev-parse --short three_amend) &&
+	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
+	git commit --amend -m "foo" &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	# HEAD detached from $TGT
+	# You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '\''amend_last'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+	#   (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
+	#   (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
+	#
+	nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+	EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare for several edits' '
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git checkout -b several_edits &&
+	test_commit one_edits main.txt one &&
+	test_commit two_edits main.txt two &&
+	test_commit three_edits main.txt three &&
+	test_commit four_edits main.txt four
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status: (continue first edit) second edit' '
+	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 edit 2 3" &&
+	export FAKE_LINES &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
+	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	# HEAD detached from $ONTO
+	# You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '\''several_edits'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+	#   (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
+	#   (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
+	#
+	nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+	EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status: (continue first edit) second edit and split' '
+	git reset --hard several_edits &&
+	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 edit 2 3" &&
+	export FAKE_LINES &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
+	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	git reset HEAD^ &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	# HEAD detached from $ONTO
+	# You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '\''several_edits'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+	#   (Once your working directory is clean, run "git rebase --continue")
+	#
+	# Changes not staged for commit:
+	#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+	#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+	#
+	#	modified:   main.txt
+	#
+	no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+	EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status: (continue first edit) second edit and amend' '
+	git reset --hard several_edits &&
+	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 edit 2 3" &&
+	export FAKE_LINES &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
+	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	git commit --amend -m "foo" &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	# HEAD detached from $ONTO
+	# You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '\''several_edits'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+	#   (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
+	#   (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
+	#
+	nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+	EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status: (amend first edit) second edit' '
+	git reset --hard several_edits &&
+	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 edit 2 3" &&
+	export FAKE_LINES &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
+	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
+	git commit --amend -m "a" &&
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	# HEAD detached from $ONTO
+	# You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '\''several_edits'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+	#   (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
+	#   (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
+	#
+	nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+	EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status: (amend first edit) second edit and split' '
+	git reset --hard several_edits &&
+	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 edit 2 3" &&
+	export FAKE_LINES &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
+	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
+	git commit --amend -m "b" &&
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	git reset HEAD^ &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	# HEAD detached from $ONTO
+	# You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '\''several_edits'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+	#   (Once your working directory is clean, run "git rebase --continue")
+	#
+	# Changes not staged for commit:
+	#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+	#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+	#
+	#	modified:   main.txt
+	#
+	no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+	EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status: (amend first edit) second edit and amend' '
+	git reset --hard several_edits &&
+	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 edit 2 3" &&
+	export FAKE_LINES &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
+	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
+	git commit --amend -m "c" &&
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	git commit --amend -m "d" &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	# HEAD detached from $ONTO
+	# You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '\''several_edits'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+	#   (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
+	#   (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
+	#
+	nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+	EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status: (split first edit) second edit' '
+	git reset --hard several_edits &&
+	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 edit 2 3" &&
+	export FAKE_LINES &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
+	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
+	git reset HEAD^ &&
+	git add main.txt &&
+	git commit -m "e" &&
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	# HEAD detached from $ONTO
+	# You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '\''several_edits'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+	#   (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
+	#   (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
+	#
+	nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+	EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status: (split first edit) second edit and split' '
+	git reset --hard several_edits &&
+	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 edit 2 3" &&
+	export FAKE_LINES &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
+	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
+	git reset HEAD^ &&
+	git add main.txt &&
+	git commit --amend -m "f" &&
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	git reset HEAD^ &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	# HEAD detached from $ONTO
+	# You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '\''several_edits'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+	#   (Once your working directory is clean, run "git rebase --continue")
+	#
+	# Changes not staged for commit:
+	#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+	#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+	#
+	#	modified:   main.txt
+	#
+	no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+	EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status: (split first edit) second edit and amend' '
+	git reset --hard several_edits &&
+	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 edit 2 3" &&
+	export FAKE_LINES &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
+	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
+	git reset HEAD^ &&
+	git add main.txt &&
+	git commit --amend -m "g" &&
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	git commit --amend -m "h" &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	# HEAD detached from $ONTO
+	# You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '\''several_edits'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+	#   (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
+	#   (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
+	#
+	nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+	EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare am_session' '
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git checkout -b am_session &&
+	test_commit one_am one.txt "one" &&
+	test_commit two_am two.txt "two" &&
+	test_commit three_am three.txt "three"
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status in an am session: file already exists' '
+	git checkout -b am_already_exists &&
+	test_when_finished "rm Maildir/* && git am --abort" &&
+	git format-patch -1 -oMaildir &&
+	test_must_fail git am Maildir/*.patch &&
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	# On branch am_already_exists
+	# You are in the middle of an am session.
+	#   (fix conflicts and then run "git am --resolved")
+	#   (use "git am --skip" to skip this patch)
+	#   (use "git am --abort" to restore the original branch)
+	#
+	nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+	EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status in an am session: file does not exist' '
+	git reset --hard am_session &&
+	git checkout -b am_not_exists &&
+	git rm three.txt &&
+	git commit -m "delete three.txt" &&
+	test_when_finished "rm Maildir/* && git am --abort" &&
+	git format-patch -1 -oMaildir &&
+	test_must_fail git am Maildir/*.patch &&
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	# On branch am_not_exists
+	# You are in the middle of an am session.
+	#   (fix conflicts and then run "git am --resolved")
+	#   (use "git am --skip" to skip this patch)
+	#   (use "git am --abort" to restore the original branch)
+	#
+	nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+	EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status in an am session: empty patch' '
+	git reset --hard am_session &&
+	git checkout -b am_empty &&
+	test_when_finished "rm Maildir/* && git am --abort" &&
+	git format-patch -3 -oMaildir &&
+	git rm one.txt two.txt three.txt &&
+	git commit -m "delete all am_empty" &&
+	echo error >Maildir/0002-two_am.patch &&
+	test_must_fail git am Maildir/*.patch &&
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	# On branch am_empty
+	# You are in the middle of an am session.
+	# The current patch is empty.
+	#   (use "git am --skip" to skip this patch)
+	#   (use "git am --abort" to restore the original branch)
+	#
+	nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+	EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status when bisecting' '
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git checkout -b bisect &&
+	test_commit one_bisect main.txt one &&
+	test_commit two_bisect main.txt two &&
+	test_commit three_bisect main.txt three &&
+	test_when_finished "git bisect reset" &&
+	git bisect start &&
+	git bisect bad &&
+	git bisect good one_bisect &&
+	TGT=$(git rev-parse --short two_bisect) &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	# HEAD detached at $TGT
+	# You are currently bisecting, started from branch '\''bisect'\''.
+	#   (use "git bisect reset" to get back to the original branch)
+	#
+	nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+	EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status when rebase conflicts with statushints disabled' '
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git checkout -b statushints_disabled &&
+	test_when_finished "git config --local advice.statushints true" &&
+	git config --local advice.statushints false &&
+	test_commit one_statushints main.txt one &&
+	test_commit two_statushints main.txt two &&
+	test_commit three_statushints main.txt three &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD^^) &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase HEAD^ --onto HEAD^^ &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	# HEAD detached at $ONTO
+	# You are currently rebasing branch '\''statushints_disabled'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+	#
+	# Unmerged paths:
+	#	both modified:      main.txt
+	#
+	no changes added to commit
+	EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare for cherry-pick conflicts' '
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git checkout -b cherry_branch &&
+	test_commit one_cherry main.txt one &&
+	test_commit two_cherries main.txt two &&
+	git checkout -b cherry_branch_second &&
+	test_commit second_cherry main.txt second &&
+	git checkout cherry_branch &&
+	test_commit three_cherries main.txt three
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status when cherry-picking before resolving conflicts' '
+	test_when_finished "git cherry-pick --abort" &&
+	test_must_fail git cherry-pick cherry_branch_second &&
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	# On branch cherry_branch
+	# You are currently cherry-picking.
+	#   (fix conflicts and run "git commit")
+	#
+	# Unmerged paths:
+	#   (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
+	#
+	#	both modified:      main.txt
+	#
+	no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+	EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status when cherry-picking after resolving conflicts' '
+	git reset --hard cherry_branch &&
+	test_when_finished "git cherry-pick --abort" &&
+	test_must_fail git cherry-pick cherry_branch_second &&
+	echo end >main.txt &&
+	git add main.txt &&
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	# On branch cherry_branch
+	# You are currently cherry-picking.
+	#   (all conflicts fixed: run "git commit")
+	#
+	# Changes to be committed:
+	#
+	#	modified:   main.txt
+	#
+	# Untracked files not listed (use -u option to show untracked files)
+	EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status showing detached from a tag' '
+	test_commit atag tagging &&
+	git checkout atag &&
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF
+	# HEAD detached at atag
+	nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+	EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status while reverting commit (conflicts)' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	echo before >to-revert.txt &&
+	test_commit before to-revert.txt &&
+	echo old >to-revert.txt &&
+	test_commit old to-revert.txt &&
+	echo new >to-revert.txt &&
+	test_commit new to-revert.txt &&
+	TO_REVERT=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD^) &&
+	test_must_fail git revert $TO_REVERT &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF
+	# On branch master
+	# You are currently reverting commit $TO_REVERT.
+	#   (fix conflicts and run "git revert --continue")
+	#   (use "git revert --abort" to cancel the revert operation)
+	#
+	# Unmerged paths:
+	#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+	#   (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
+	#
+	#	both modified:      to-revert.txt
+	#
+	no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+	EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status while reverting commit (conflicts resolved)' '
+	echo reverted >to-revert.txt &&
+	git add to-revert.txt &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF
+	# On branch master
+	# You are currently reverting commit $TO_REVERT.
+	#   (all conflicts fixed: run "git revert --continue")
+	#   (use "git revert --abort" to cancel the revert operation)
+	#
+	# Changes to be committed:
+	#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+	#
+	#	modified:   to-revert.txt
+	#
+	# Untracked files not listed (use -u option to show untracked files)
+	EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status after reverting commit' '
+	git revert --continue &&
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF
+	# On branch master
+	nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+	EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7600-merge.sh b/t/t7600-merge.sh
index 9e27bbf..2f70433 100755
--- a/t/t7600-merge.sh
+++ b/t/t7600-merge.sh
@@ -56,7 +56,8 @@
 		echo &&
 		git log --no-merges ^HEAD c2 c3
 	} >squash.1-5-9 &&
-	echo >msg.nolog &&
+	: >msg.nologff &&
+	echo >msg.nolognoff &&
 	{
 		echo "* tag 'c3':" &&
 		echo "  commit 3" &&
@@ -157,7 +158,7 @@
 		>.git/index &&
 		test_expect_code 129 git merge -h 2>usage
 	) &&
-	grep "[Uu]sage: git merge" broken/usage
+	test_i18ngrep "[Uu]sage: git merge" broken/usage
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'reject non-strategy with a git-merge-foo name' '
@@ -244,8 +245,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'merges with merge.ff=only' '
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
 	test_tick &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset merge.ff" &&
-	git config merge.ff only &&
+	test_config merge.ff "only" &&
 	test_must_fail git merge c2 &&
 	test_must_fail git merge c3 &&
 	test_must_fail git merge c2 c3 &&
@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 (no-commit in config)' '
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "--no-commit" &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "--no-commit" &&
 	git merge c2 &&
 	verify_merge file result.1-5 &&
 	verify_head $c1 &&
@@ -346,12 +346,11 @@
 test_debug 'git log --graph --decorate --oneline --all'
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 (log in config)' '
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "" &&
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
 	git merge --log c2 &&
 	git show -s --pretty=tformat:%s%n%b >expect &&
 
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions --log &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "--log" &&
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
 	git merge c2 &&
 	git show -s --pretty=tformat:%s%n%b >actual &&
@@ -360,17 +359,12 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 (log in config gets overridden)' '
-	test_when_finished "git config --remove-section branch.master" &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --remove-section merge" &&
-	test_might_fail git config --remove-section branch.master &&
-	test_might_fail git config --remove-section merge &&
-
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
 	git merge c2 &&
 	git show -s --pretty=tformat:%s%n%b >expect &&
 
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "--no-log" &&
-	git config merge.log true &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "--no-log" &&
+	test_config merge.log "true" &&
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
 	git merge c2 &&
 	git show -s --pretty=tformat:%s%n%b >actual &&
@@ -380,7 +374,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 (squash in config)' '
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "--squash" &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "--squash" &&
 	git merge c2 &&
 	verify_merge file result.1-5 &&
 	verify_head $c1 &&
@@ -392,7 +386,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'override config option -n with --summary' '
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "-n" &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "-n" &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git merge --summary c2 >diffstat.txt &&
 	verify_merge file result.1-5 msg.1-5 &&
@@ -406,7 +400,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'override config option -n with --stat' '
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "-n" &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "-n" &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git merge --stat c2 >diffstat.txt &&
 	verify_merge file result.1-5 msg.1-5 &&
@@ -422,7 +416,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'override config option --stat' '
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "--stat" &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "--stat" &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git merge -n c2 >diffstat.txt &&
 	verify_merge file result.1-5 msg.1-5 &&
@@ -438,7 +432,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 (override --no-commit)' '
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "--no-commit" &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "--no-commit" &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git merge --commit c2 &&
 	verify_merge file result.1-5 msg.1-5 &&
@@ -449,7 +443,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 (override --squash)' '
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "--squash" &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "--squash" &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git merge --no-squash c2 &&
 	verify_merge file result.1-5 msg.1-5 &&
@@ -460,7 +454,6 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c0 with c1 (no-ff)' '
 	git reset --hard c0 &&
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "" &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git merge --no-ff c1 &&
 	verify_merge file result.1 &&
@@ -471,10 +464,9 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c0 with c1 (merge.ff=false)' '
 	git reset --hard c0 &&
-	git config merge.ff false &&
+	test_config merge.ff "false" &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git merge c1 &&
-	git config --remove-section merge &&
 	verify_merge file result.1 &&
 	verify_parents $c0 $c1
 '
@@ -482,22 +474,19 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'combine branch.master.mergeoptions with merge.ff' '
 	git reset --hard c0 &&
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions --ff &&
-	git config merge.ff false &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "--ff" &&
+	test_config merge.ff "false" &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git merge c1 &&
-	git config --remove-section "branch.master" &&
-	git config --remove-section "merge" &&
 	verify_merge file result.1 &&
 	verify_parents "$c0"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'tolerate unknown values for merge.ff' '
 	git reset --hard c0 &&
-	git config merge.ff something-new &&
+	test_config merge.ff "something-new" &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git merge c1 2>message &&
-	git config --remove-section "merge" &&
 	verify_head "$c1" &&
 	test_cmp empty message
 '
@@ -515,7 +504,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c0 with c1 (ff overrides no-ff)' '
 	git reset --hard c0 &&
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "--no-ff" &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "--no-ff" &&
 	git merge --ff c1 &&
 	verify_merge file result.1 &&
 	verify_head $c1
@@ -525,14 +514,20 @@
 	git reset --hard c0 &&
 	git merge --no-log c2 &&
 	git show -s --pretty=format:%b HEAD >msg.act &&
-	test_cmp msg.nolog msg.act &&
+	test_cmp msg.nologff msg.act &&
+
+	git reset --hard c0 &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "--no-ff" &&
+	git merge --no-log c2 &&
+	git show -s --pretty=format:%b HEAD >msg.act &&
+	test_cmp msg.nolognoff msg.act &&
 
 	git merge --log c3 &&
 	git show -s --pretty=format:%b HEAD >msg.act &&
 	test_cmp msg.log msg.act &&
 
 	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
-	git config merge.log yes &&
+	test_config merge.log "yes" &&
 	git merge c3 &&
 	git show -s --pretty=format:%b HEAD >msg.act &&
 	test_cmp msg.log msg.act
@@ -542,7 +537,6 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c0, c2, c0, and c1' '
        git reset --hard c1 &&
-       git config branch.master.mergeoptions "" &&
        test_tick &&
        git merge c0 c2 c0 c1 &&
        verify_merge file result.1-5 &&
@@ -553,7 +547,6 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c0, c2, c0, and c1' '
        git reset --hard c1 &&
-       git config branch.master.mergeoptions "" &&
        test_tick &&
        git merge c0 c2 c0 c1 &&
        verify_merge file result.1-5 &&
@@ -564,7 +557,6 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c1 and c2' '
        git reset --hard c1 &&
-       git config branch.master.mergeoptions "" &&
        test_tick &&
        git merge c1 c2 &&
        verify_merge file result.1-5 &&
diff --git a/t/t7601-merge-pull-config.sh b/t/t7601-merge-pull-config.sh
index b44b293..25dac79 100755
--- a/t/t7601-merge-pull-config.sh
+++ b/t/t7601-merge-pull-config.sh
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@
 '
 
 # First do the merge with resolve and recursive then verify that
-# recusive is choosen.
+# recusive is chosen.
 
 test_expect_success 'merge picks up the best result' '
 	git config --unset-all pull.twohead &&
diff --git a/t/t7610-mergetool.sh b/t/t7610-mergetool.sh
index f5e16fc..d526b1d 100755
--- a/t/t7610-mergetool.sh
+++ b/t/t7610-mergetool.sh
@@ -55,6 +55,16 @@
     git rm file12 &&
     git commit -m "branch1 changes" &&
 
+    git checkout -b stash1 master &&
+    echo stash1 change file11 >file11 &&
+    git add file11 &&
+    git commit -m "stash1 changes" &&
+
+    git checkout -b stash2 master &&
+    echo stash2 change file11 >file11 &&
+    git add file11 &&
+    git commit -m "stash2 changes" &&
+
     git checkout master &&
     git submodule update -N &&
     echo master updated >file1 &&
@@ -193,13 +203,41 @@
     git reset --hard
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'conflicted stash sets up rerere'  '
+    git config rerere.enabled true &&
+    git checkout stash1 &&
+    echo "Conflicting stash content" >file11 &&
+    git stash &&
+
+    git checkout --detach stash2 &&
+    test_must_fail git stash apply &&
+
+    test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
+    conflicts="$(git rerere remaining)" &&
+    test "$conflicts" = "file11" &&
+    output="$(git mergetool --no-prompt)" &&
+    test "$output" != "No files need merging" &&
+
+    git commit -am "save the stash resolution" &&
+
+    git reset --hard stash2 &&
+    test_must_fail git stash apply &&
+
+    test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
+    conflicts="$(git rerere remaining)" &&
+    test -z "$conflicts" &&
+    output="$(git mergetool --no-prompt)" &&
+    test "$output" = "No files need merging"
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'mergetool takes partial path' '
+    git reset --hard
     git config rerere.enabled false &&
     git checkout -b test12 branch1 &&
     git submodule update -N &&
     test_must_fail git merge master &&
 
-    #shouldnt need these lines
+    #should not need these lines
     #( yes "d" | git mergetool file11 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
     #( yes "d" | git mergetool file12 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
     #( yes "l" | git mergetool submod >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
@@ -471,4 +509,17 @@
     git reset --hard master >/dev/null 2>&1
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'custom commands override built-ins' '
+    git checkout -b test14 branch1 &&
+    git config mergetool.defaults.cmd "cat \"\$REMOTE\" >\"\$MERGED\"" &&
+    git config mergetool.defaults.trustExitCode true &&
+    test_must_fail git merge master &&
+    git mergetool --no-prompt --tool defaults -- both &&
+    echo master both added >expected &&
+    test_cmp both expected &&
+    git config --unset mergetool.defaults.cmd &&
+    git config --unset mergetool.defaults.trustExitCode &&
+    git reset --hard master >/dev/null 2>&1
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7612-merge-verify-signatures.sh b/t/t7612-merge-verify-signatures.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..21a0bf8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7612-merge-verify-signatures.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='merge signature verification tests'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY/lib-gpg.sh"
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'create signed commits' '
+	echo 1 >file && git add file &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m initial &&
+	git tag initial &&
+
+	git checkout -b side-signed &&
+	echo 3 >elif && git add elif &&
+	test_tick && git commit -S -m "signed on side" &&
+	git checkout initial &&
+
+	git checkout -b side-unsigned &&
+	echo 3 >foo && git add foo &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m "unsigned on side" &&
+	git checkout initial &&
+
+	git checkout -b side-bad &&
+	echo 3 >bar && git add bar &&
+	test_tick && git commit -S -m "bad on side" &&
+	git cat-file commit side-bad >raw &&
+	sed -e "s/bad/forged bad/" raw >forged &&
+	git hash-object -w -t commit forged >forged.commit &&
+	git checkout initial &&
+
+	git checkout -b side-untrusted &&
+	echo 3 >baz && git add baz &&
+	test_tick && git commit -SB7227189 -m "untrusted on side"
+
+	git checkout master
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'merge unsigned commit with verification' '
+	test_must_fail git merge --ff-only --verify-signatures side-unsigned 2>mergeerror &&
+	test_i18ngrep "does not have a GPG signature" mergeerror
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'merge commit with bad signature with verification' '
+	test_must_fail git merge --ff-only --verify-signatures $(cat forged.commit) 2>mergeerror &&
+	test_i18ngrep "has a bad GPG signature" mergeerror
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'merge commit with untrusted signature with verification' '
+	test_must_fail git merge --ff-only --verify-signatures side-untrusted 2>mergeerror &&
+	test_i18ngrep "has an untrusted GPG signature" mergeerror
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'merge signed commit with verification' '
+	git merge --verbose --ff-only --verify-signatures side-signed >mergeoutput &&
+	test_i18ngrep "has a good GPG signature" mergeoutput
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'merge commit with bad signature without verification' '
+	git merge $(cat forged.commit)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7800-difftool.sh b/t/t7800-difftool.sh
index 9c3e997..2418528 100755
--- a/t/t7800-difftool.sh
+++ b/t/t7800-difftool.sh
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 #
-# Copyright (c) 2009, 2010 David Aguilar
+# Copyright (c) 2009, 2010, 2012, 2013 David Aguilar
 #
 
 test_description='git-difftool
@@ -10,47 +10,19 @@
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-remove_config_vars()
+difftool_test_setup ()
 {
-	# Unset all config variables used by git-difftool
-	git config --unset diff.tool
-	git config --unset diff.guitool
-	git config --unset difftool.test-tool.cmd
-	git config --unset difftool.prompt
-	git config --unset merge.tool
-	git config --unset mergetool.test-tool.cmd
-	git config --unset mergetool.prompt
-	return 0
+	test_config diff.tool test-tool &&
+	test_config difftool.test-tool.cmd 'cat "$LOCAL"' &&
+	test_config difftool.bogus-tool.cmd false
 }
 
-restore_test_defaults()
-{
-	# Restores the test defaults used by several tests
-	remove_config_vars
-	unset GIT_DIFF_TOOL
-	unset GIT_DIFFTOOL_PROMPT
-	unset GIT_DIFFTOOL_NO_PROMPT
-	git config diff.tool test-tool &&
-	git config difftool.test-tool.cmd 'cat $LOCAL'
-	git config difftool.bogus-tool.cmd false
-}
-
-prompt_given()
+prompt_given ()
 {
 	prompt="$1"
 	test "$prompt" = "Launch 'test-tool' [Y/n]: branch"
 }
 
-stdin_contains()
-{
-	grep >/dev/null "$1"
-}
-
-stdin_doesnot_contain()
-{
-	! stdin_contains "$1"
-}
-
 # Create a file on master and change it on branch
 test_expect_success PERL 'setup' '
 	echo master >file &&
@@ -65,238 +37,237 @@
 
 # Configure a custom difftool.<tool>.cmd and use it
 test_expect_success PERL 'custom commands' '
-	restore_test_defaults &&
-	git config difftool.test-tool.cmd "cat \$REMOTE" &&
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	test_config difftool.test-tool.cmd "cat \"\$REMOTE\"" &&
+	echo master >expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
 
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "master" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults &&
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch"
+	test_config difftool.test-tool.cmd "cat \"\$LOCAL\"" &&
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-# Ensures that git-difftool ignores bogus --tool values
+test_expect_success PERL 'custom tool commands override built-ins' '
+	test_config difftool.vimdiff.cmd "cat \"\$REMOTE\"" &&
+	echo master >expect &&
+	git difftool --tool vimdiff --no-prompt branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool ignores bad --tool values' '
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --tool=bad-tool branch)
-	test "$?" = 1 &&
-	test "$diff" = ""
+	: >expect &&
+	test_expect_code 1 \
+		git difftool --no-prompt --tool=bad-tool branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool forwards arguments to diff' '
+	difftool_test_setup &&
 	>for-diff &&
 	git add for-diff &&
 	echo changes>for-diff &&
 	git add for-diff &&
-	diff=$(git difftool --cached --no-prompt -- for-diff) &&
-	test "$diff" = "" &&
+	: >expect &&
+	git difftool --cached --no-prompt -- for-diff >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
 	git reset -- for-diff &&
 	rm for-diff
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool honors --gui' '
-	git config merge.tool bogus-tool &&
-	git config diff.tool bogus-tool &&
-	git config diff.guitool test-tool &&
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	test_config merge.tool bogus-tool &&
+	test_config diff.tool bogus-tool &&
+	test_config diff.guitool test-tool &&
 
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --gui branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt --gui branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --gui last setting wins' '
-	git config diff.guitool bogus-tool &&
-	git difftool --no-prompt --gui --no-gui &&
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	: >expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt --gui --no-gui >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
 
-	git config merge.tool bogus-tool &&
-	git config diff.tool bogus-tool &&
-	git config diff.guitool test-tool &&
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --no-gui --gui branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	test_config merge.tool bogus-tool &&
+	test_config diff.tool bogus-tool &&
+	test_config diff.guitool test-tool &&
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt --no-gui --gui branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --gui works without configured diff.guitool' '
-	git config diff.tool test-tool &&
-
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --gui branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt --gui branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 # Specify the diff tool using $GIT_DIFF_TOOL
 test_expect_success PERL 'GIT_DIFF_TOOL variable' '
-	test_might_fail git config --unset diff.tool &&
-	GIT_DIFF_TOOL=test-tool &&
-	export GIT_DIFF_TOOL &&
-
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	git config --unset diff.tool &&
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	GIT_DIFF_TOOL=test-tool git difftool --no-prompt branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 # Test the $GIT_*_TOOL variables and ensure
 # that $GIT_DIFF_TOOL always wins unless --tool is specified
 test_expect_success PERL 'GIT_DIFF_TOOL overrides' '
-	git config diff.tool bogus-tool &&
-	git config merge.tool bogus-tool &&
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	test_config diff.tool bogus-tool &&
+	test_config merge.tool bogus-tool &&
 
-	GIT_DIFF_TOOL=test-tool &&
-	export GIT_DIFF_TOOL &&
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	GIT_DIFF_TOOL=test-tool git difftool --no-prompt branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
 
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
-
-	GIT_DIFF_TOOL=bogus-tool &&
-	export GIT_DIFF_TOOL &&
-
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --tool=test-tool branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	test_config diff.tool bogus-tool &&
+	test_config merge.tool bogus-tool &&
+	GIT_DIFF_TOOL=bogus-tool \
+		git difftool --no-prompt --tool=test-tool branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 # Test that we don't have to pass --no-prompt to difftool
 # when $GIT_DIFFTOOL_NO_PROMPT is true
 test_expect_success PERL 'GIT_DIFFTOOL_NO_PROMPT variable' '
-	GIT_DIFFTOOL_NO_PROMPT=true &&
-	export GIT_DIFFTOOL_NO_PROMPT &&
-
-	diff=$(git difftool branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	GIT_DIFFTOOL_NO_PROMPT=true git difftool branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 # git-difftool supports the difftool.prompt variable.
 # Test that GIT_DIFFTOOL_PROMPT can override difftool.prompt = false
 test_expect_success PERL 'GIT_DIFFTOOL_PROMPT variable' '
-	git config difftool.prompt false &&
-	GIT_DIFFTOOL_PROMPT=true &&
-	export GIT_DIFFTOOL_PROMPT &&
-
-	prompt=$(echo | git difftool branch | tail -1) &&
-	prompt_given "$prompt" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	test_config difftool.prompt false &&
+	echo >input &&
+	GIT_DIFFTOOL_PROMPT=true git difftool branch <input >output &&
+	prompt=$(tail -1 <output) &&
+	prompt_given "$prompt"
 '
 
 # Test that we don't have to pass --no-prompt when difftool.prompt is false
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool.prompt config variable is false' '
-	git config difftool.prompt false &&
-
-	diff=$(git difftool branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	test_config difftool.prompt false &&
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	git difftool branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 # Test that we don't have to pass --no-prompt when mergetool.prompt is false
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool merge.prompt = false' '
+	difftool_test_setup &&
 	test_might_fail git config --unset difftool.prompt &&
-	git config mergetool.prompt false &&
-
-	diff=$(git difftool branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	test_config mergetool.prompt false &&
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	git difftool branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 # Test that the -y flag can override difftool.prompt = true
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool.prompt can overridden with -y' '
-	git config difftool.prompt true &&
-
-	diff=$(git difftool -y branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	test_config difftool.prompt true &&
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	git difftool -y branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 # Test that the --prompt flag can override difftool.prompt = false
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool.prompt can overridden with --prompt' '
-	git config difftool.prompt false &&
-
-	prompt=$(echo | git difftool --prompt branch | tail -1) &&
-	prompt_given "$prompt" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	test_config difftool.prompt false &&
+	echo >input &&
+	git difftool --prompt branch <input >output &&
+	prompt=$(tail -1 <output) &&
+	prompt_given "$prompt"
 '
 
 # Test that the last flag passed on the command-line wins
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool last flag wins' '
-	diff=$(git difftool --prompt --no-prompt branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults &&
-
-	prompt=$(echo | git difftool --no-prompt --prompt branch | tail -1) &&
-	prompt_given "$prompt" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	git difftool --prompt --no-prompt branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	echo >input &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt --prompt branch <input >output &&
+	prompt=$(tail -1 <output) &&
+	prompt_given "$prompt"
 '
 
 # git-difftool falls back to git-mergetool config variables
 # so test that behavior here
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool + mergetool config variables' '
-	remove_config_vars &&
-	git config merge.tool test-tool &&
-	git config mergetool.test-tool.cmd "cat \$LOCAL" &&
-
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
+	test_config merge.tool test-tool &&
+	test_config mergetool.test-tool.cmd "cat \$LOCAL" &&
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
 
 	# set merge.tool to something bogus, diff.tool to test-tool
-	git config merge.tool bogus-tool &&
-	git config diff.tool test-tool &&
-
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	test_config merge.tool bogus-tool &&
+	test_config diff.tool test-tool &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool.<tool>.path' '
-	git config difftool.tkdiff.path echo &&
-	diff=$(git difftool --tool=tkdiff --no-prompt branch) &&
-	git config --unset difftool.tkdiff.path &&
-	lines=$(echo "$diff" | grep file | wc -l) &&
-	test "$lines" -eq 1 &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	test_config difftool.tkdiff.path echo &&
+	git difftool --tool=tkdiff --no-prompt branch >output &&
+	lines=$(grep file output | wc -l) &&
+	test "$lines" -eq 1
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --extcmd=cat' '
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --extcmd=cat branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = branch"$LF"master
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	echo master >>expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt --extcmd=cat branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --extcmd cat' '
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --extcmd cat branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = branch"$LF"master
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	echo master >>expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt --extcmd=cat branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool -x cat' '
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt -x cat branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = branch"$LF"master
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	echo master >>expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt -x cat branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --extcmd echo arg1' '
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --extcmd sh\ -c\ \"echo\ \$1\" branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = file
+	echo file >expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt \
+		--extcmd sh\ -c\ \"echo\ \$1\" branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --extcmd cat arg1' '
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --extcmd sh\ -c\ \"cat\ \$1\" branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = master
+	echo master >expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt \
+		--extcmd sh\ -c\ \"cat\ \$1\" branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --extcmd cat arg2' '
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --extcmd sh\ -c\ \"cat\ \$2\" branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = branch
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt \
+		--extcmd sh\ -c\ \"cat\ \$2\" branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 # Create a second file on master and a different version on branch
@@ -313,26 +284,26 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'say no to the first file' '
-	diff=$( (echo n; echo) | git difftool -x cat branch ) &&
-
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_contains m2 &&
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_contains br2 &&
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_doesnot_contain master &&
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_doesnot_contain branch
+	(echo n && echo) >input &&
+	git difftool -x cat branch <input >output &&
+	grep m2 output &&
+	grep br2 output &&
+	! grep master output &&
+	! grep branch output
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'say no to the second file' '
-	diff=$( (echo; echo n) | git difftool -x cat branch ) &&
-
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_contains master &&
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_contains branch &&
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_doesnot_contain m2 &&
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_doesnot_contain br2
+	(echo && echo n) >input &&
+	git difftool -x cat branch <input >output &&
+	grep master output &&
+	grep branch output &&
+	! grep m2 output &&
+	! grep br2 output
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --tool-help' '
-	tool_help=$(git difftool --tool-help) &&
-	echo "$tool_help" | stdin_contains tool
+	git difftool --tool-help >output &&
+	grep tool output
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'setup change in subdirectory' '
@@ -343,34 +314,123 @@
 	git commit -m "added sub/sub" &&
 	echo test >>file &&
 	echo test >>sub/sub &&
-	git add . &&
+	git add file sub/sub &&
 	git commit -m "modified both"
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'difftool -d' '
-	diff=$(git difftool -d --extcmd ls branch) &&
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_contains sub &&
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_contains file
+run_dir_diff_test () {
+	test_expect_success PERL "$1 --no-symlinks" "
+		symlinks=--no-symlinks &&
+		$2
+	"
+	test_expect_success PERL,SYMLINKS "$1 --symlinks" "
+		symlinks=--symlinks &&
+		$2
+	"
+}
+
+run_dir_diff_test 'difftool -d' '
+	git difftool -d $symlinks --extcmd ls branch >output &&
+	grep sub output &&
+	grep file output
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --dir-diff' '
-	diff=$(git difftool --dir-diff --extcmd ls branch) &&
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_contains sub &&
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_contains file
+run_dir_diff_test 'difftool --dir-diff' '
+	git difftool --dir-diff $symlinks --extcmd ls branch >output &&
+	grep sub output &&
+	grep file output
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --dir-diff ignores --prompt' '
-	diff=$(git difftool --dir-diff --prompt --extcmd ls branch) &&
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_contains sub &&
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_contains file
+run_dir_diff_test 'difftool --dir-diff ignores --prompt' '
+	git difftool --dir-diff $symlinks --prompt --extcmd ls branch >output &&
+	grep sub output &&
+	grep file output
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --dir-diff from subdirectory' '
+run_dir_diff_test 'difftool --dir-diff from subdirectory' '
 	(
 		cd sub &&
-		diff=$(git difftool --dir-diff --extcmd ls branch) &&
-		echo "$diff" | stdin_contains sub &&
-		echo "$diff" | stdin_contains file
+		git difftool --dir-diff $symlinks --extcmd ls branch >output &&
+		grep sub output &&
+		grep file output
+	)
+'
+
+run_dir_diff_test 'difftool --dir-diff when worktree file is missing' '
+	test_when_finished git reset --hard &&
+	rm file2 &&
+	git difftool --dir-diff $symlinks --extcmd ls branch master >output &&
+	grep file2 output
+'
+
+write_script .git/CHECK_SYMLINKS <<\EOF
+for f in file file2 sub/sub
+do
+	echo "$f"
+	readlink "$2/$f"
+done >actual
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success PERL,SYMLINKS 'difftool --dir-diff --symlink without unstaged changes' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	file
+	$(pwd)/file
+	file2
+	$(pwd)/file2
+	sub/sub
+	$(pwd)/sub/sub
+	EOF
+	git difftool --dir-diff --symlink \
+		--extcmd "./.git/CHECK_SYMLINKS" branch HEAD &&
+	test_cmp actual expect
+'
+
+write_script modify-right-file <<\EOF
+echo "new content" >"$2/file"
+EOF
+
+run_dir_diff_test 'difftool --dir-diff syncs worktree with unstaged change' '
+	test_when_finished git reset --hard &&
+	echo "orig content" >file &&
+	git difftool -d $symlinks --extcmd "$(pwd)/modify-right-file" branch &&
+	echo "new content" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect file
+'
+
+run_dir_diff_test 'difftool --dir-diff syncs worktree without unstaged change' '
+	test_when_finished git reset --hard &&
+	git difftool -d $symlinks --extcmd "$(pwd)/modify-right-file" branch &&
+	echo "new content" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect file
+'
+
+write_script modify-file <<\EOF
+echo "new content" >file
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --no-symlinks does not overwrite working tree file ' '
+	echo "orig content" >file &&
+	git difftool --dir-diff --no-symlinks --extcmd "$(pwd)/modify-file" branch &&
+	echo "new content" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect file
+'
+
+write_script modify-both-files <<\EOF
+echo "wt content" >file &&
+echo "tmp content" >"$2/file" &&
+echo "$2" >tmpdir
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --no-symlinks detects conflict ' '
+	(
+		TMPDIR=$TRASH_DIRECTORY &&
+		export TMPDIR &&
+		echo "orig content" >file &&
+		test_must_fail git difftool --dir-diff --no-symlinks --extcmd "$(pwd)/modify-both-files" branch &&
+		echo "wt content" >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect file &&
+		echo "tmp content" >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect "$(cat tmpdir)/file"
 	)
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t7810-grep.sh b/t/t7810-grep.sh
index 24e9b19..f698001 100755
--- a/t/t7810-grep.sh
+++ b/t/t7810-grep.sh
@@ -250,6 +250,84 @@
 		git -c grep.extendedRegexp=true grep "a+b*c" ab >actual &&
 		test_cmp expected actual
 	'
+
+	test_expect_success "grep $L with grep.patterntype=basic" '
+		echo "ab:a+bc" >expected &&
+		git -c grep.patterntype=basic grep "a+b*c" ab >actual &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "grep $L with grep.patterntype=extended" '
+		echo "ab:abc" >expected &&
+		git -c grep.patterntype=extended grep "a+b*c" ab >actual &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "grep $L with grep.patterntype=fixed" '
+		echo "ab:a+b*c" >expected &&
+		git -c grep.patterntype=fixed grep "a+b*c" ab >actual &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success LIBPCRE "grep $L with grep.patterntype=perl" '
+		echo "ab:a+b*c" >expected &&
+		git -c grep.patterntype=perl grep "a\x{2b}b\x{2a}c" ab >actual &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "grep $L with grep.patternType=default and grep.extendedRegexp=true" '
+		echo "ab:abc" >expected &&
+		git \
+			-c grep.patternType=default \
+			-c grep.extendedRegexp=true \
+			grep "a+b*c" ab >actual &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "grep $L with grep.extendedRegexp=true and grep.patternType=default" '
+		echo "ab:abc" >expected &&
+		git \
+			-c grep.extendedRegexp=true \
+			-c grep.patternType=default \
+			grep "a+b*c" ab >actual &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success 'grep $L with grep.patternType=extended and grep.extendedRegexp=false' '
+		echo "ab:abc" >expected &&
+		git \
+			-c grep.patternType=extended \
+			-c grep.extendedRegexp=false \
+			grep "a+b*c" ab >actual &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success 'grep $L with grep.patternType=basic and grep.extendedRegexp=true' '
+		echo "ab:a+bc" >expected &&
+		git \
+			-c grep.patternType=basic \
+			-c grep.extendedRegexp=true \
+			grep "a+b*c" ab >actual &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success 'grep $L with grep.extendedRegexp=false and grep.patternType=extended' '
+		echo "ab:abc" >expected &&
+		git \
+			-c grep.extendedRegexp=false \
+			-c grep.patternType=extended \
+			grep "a+b*c" ab >actual &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success 'grep $L with grep.extendedRegexp=true and grep.patternType=basic' '
+		echo "ab:a+bc" >expected &&
+		git \
+			-c grep.extendedRegexp=true \
+			-c grep.patternType=basic \
+			grep "a+b*c" ab >actual &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	'
 done
 
 cat >expected <<EOF
@@ -399,17 +477,6 @@
 	test_cmp empty actual
 '
 
-# Create 1024 file names that sort between "y" and "z" to make sure
-# the two files are handled by different calls to an external grep.
-# This depends on MAXARGS in builtin-grep.c being 1024 or less.
-c32="0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v"
-test_expect_success 'grep -C1, hunk mark between files' '
-	for a in $c32; do for b in $c32; do : >y-$a$b; done; done &&
-	git add y-?? &&
-	git grep -C1 "^[yz]" >actual &&
-	test_cmp expected actual
-'
-
 test_expect_success 'grep -C1 hunk mark between files' '
 	git grep -C1 "^[yz]" >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
@@ -435,31 +502,41 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'log grep (1)' '
 	git log --author=author --pretty=tformat:%s >actual &&
-	( echo third ; echo initial ) >expect &&
+	{
+		echo third && echo initial
+	} >expect &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'log grep (2)' '
 	git log --author=" * " -F --pretty=tformat:%s >actual &&
-	( echo second ) >expect &&
+	{
+		echo second
+	} >expect &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'log grep (3)' '
 	git log --author="^A U" --pretty=tformat:%s >actual &&
-	( echo third ; echo initial ) >expect &&
+	{
+		echo third && echo initial
+	} >expect &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'log grep (4)' '
 	git log --author="frotz\.com>$" --pretty=tformat:%s >actual &&
-	( echo second ) >expect &&
+	{
+		echo second
+	} >expect &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'log grep (5)' '
 	git log --author=Thor -F --pretty=tformat:%s >actual &&
-	( echo third ; echo initial ) >expect &&
+	{
+		echo third && echo initial
+	} >expect &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
@@ -469,11 +546,49 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'log --grep --author implicitly uses all-match' '
-	# grep matches initial and second but not third
-	# author matches only initial and third
-	git log --author="A U Thor" --grep=s --grep=l --format=%s >actual &&
-	echo initial >expect &&
+test_expect_success 'log grep (7)' '
+	git log -g --grep-reflog="commit: third" --pretty=tformat:%s >actual &&
+	echo third >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log grep (8)' '
+	git log -g --grep-reflog="commit: third" --grep-reflog="commit: second" --pretty=tformat:%s >actual &&
+	{
+		echo third && echo second
+	} >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log grep (9)' '
+	git log -g --grep-reflog="commit: third" --author="Thor" --pretty=tformat:%s >actual &&
+	echo third >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log grep (9)' '
+	git log -g --grep-reflog="commit: third" --author="non-existant" --pretty=tformat:%s >actual &&
+	: >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log --grep-reflog can only be used under -g' '
+	test_must_fail git log --grep-reflog="commit: third"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log with multiple --grep uses union' '
+	git log --grep=i --grep=r --format=%s >actual &&
+	{
+		echo fourth && echo third && echo initial
+	} >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log --all-match with multiple --grep uses intersection' '
+	git log --all-match --grep=i --grep=r --format=%s >actual &&
+	{
+		echo third
+	} >expect &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
@@ -485,7 +600,47 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'log with --grep and multiple --author uses all-match' '
+test_expect_success 'log --all-match with multiple --author still uses union' '
+	git log --all-match --author="Thor" --author="Aster" --format=%s >actual &&
+	{
+	    echo third && echo second && echo initial
+	} >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log --grep --author uses intersection' '
+	# grep matches only third and fourth
+	# author matches only initial and third
+	git log --author="A U Thor" --grep=r --format=%s >actual &&
+	{
+		echo third
+	} >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log --grep --grep --author takes union of greps and intersects with author' '
+	# grep matches initial and second but not third
+	# author matches only initial and third
+	git log --author="A U Thor" --grep=s --grep=l --format=%s >actual &&
+	{
+		echo initial
+	} >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log ---all-match -grep --author --author still takes union of authors and intersects with grep' '
+	# grep matches only initial and third
+	# author matches all but second
+	git log --all-match --author="Thor" --author="Night" --grep=i --format=%s >actual &&
+	{
+	    echo third && echo initial
+	} >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log --grep --author --author takes union of authors and intersects with grep' '
+	# grep matches only initial and third
+	# author matches all but second
 	git log --author="Thor" --author="Night" --grep=i --format=%s >actual &&
 	{
 	    echo third && echo initial
@@ -493,9 +648,25 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'log with --grep and multiple --author uses all-match' '
-	git log --author="Thor" --author="Night" --grep=q --format=%s >actual &&
-	>expect &&
+test_expect_success 'log --all-match --grep --grep --author takes intersection' '
+	# grep matches only third
+	# author matches only initial and third
+	git log --all-match --author="A U Thor" --grep=i --grep=r --format=%s >actual &&
+	{
+		echo third
+	} >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log --author does not search in timestamp' '
+	: >expect &&
+	git log --author="$GIT_AUTHOR_DATE" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log --committer does not search in timestamp' '
+	: >expect &&
+	git log --committer="$GIT_COMMITTER_DATE" >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
@@ -772,44 +943,147 @@
 	test_must_fail git grep -G "a["
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'grep invalidpattern properly dies with grep.patternType=basic' '
+	test_must_fail git -c grep.patterntype=basic grep "a["
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'grep -E invalidpattern properly dies ' '
 	test_must_fail git grep -E "a["
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'grep invalidpattern properly dies with grep.patternType=extended' '
+	test_must_fail git -c grep.patterntype=extended grep "a["
+'
+
 test_expect_success LIBPCRE 'grep -P invalidpattern properly dies ' '
 	test_must_fail git grep -P "a["
 '
 
+test_expect_success LIBPCRE 'grep invalidpattern properly dies with grep.patternType=perl' '
+	test_must_fail git -c grep.patterntype=perl grep "a["
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'grep -G -E -F pattern' '
 	echo "ab:a+b*c" >expected &&
 	git grep -G -E -F "a+b*c" ab >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'grep pattern with grep.patternType=basic, =extended, =fixed' '
+	echo "ab:a+b*c" >expected &&
+	git \
+		-c grep.patterntype=basic \
+		-c grep.patterntype=extended \
+		-c grep.patterntype=fixed \
+		grep "a+b*c" ab >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'grep -E -F -G pattern' '
 	echo "ab:a+bc" >expected &&
 	git grep -E -F -G "a+b*c" ab >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'grep pattern with grep.patternType=extended, =fixed, =basic' '
+	echo "ab:a+bc" >expected &&
+	git \
+		-c grep.patterntype=extended \
+		-c grep.patterntype=fixed \
+		-c grep.patterntype=basic \
+		grep "a+b*c" ab >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'grep -F -G -E pattern' '
 	echo "ab:abc" >expected &&
 	git grep -F -G -E "a+b*c" ab >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'grep pattern with grep.patternType=fixed, =basic, =extended' '
+	echo "ab:abc" >expected &&
+	git \
+		-c grep.patterntype=fixed \
+		-c grep.patterntype=basic \
+		-c grep.patterntype=extended \
+		grep "a+b*c" ab >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'grep -G -F -P -E pattern' '
 	>empty &&
 	test_must_fail git grep -G -F -P -E "a\x{2b}b\x{2a}c" ab >actual &&
 	test_cmp empty actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'grep pattern with grep.patternType=fixed, =basic, =perl, =extended' '
+	>empty &&
+	test_must_fail git \
+		-c grep.patterntype=fixed \
+		-c grep.patterntype=basic \
+		-c grep.patterntype=perl \
+		-c grep.patterntype=extended \
+		grep "a\x{2b}b\x{2a}c" ab >actual &&
+	test_cmp empty actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success LIBPCRE 'grep -G -F -E -P pattern' '
 	echo "ab:a+b*c" >expected &&
 	git grep -G -F -E -P "a\x{2b}b\x{2a}c" ab >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success LIBPCRE 'grep pattern with grep.patternType=fixed, =basic, =extended, =perl' '
+	echo "ab:a+b*c" >expected &&
+	git \
+		-c grep.patterntype=fixed \
+		-c grep.patterntype=basic \
+		-c grep.patterntype=extended \
+		-c grep.patterntype=perl \
+		grep "a\x{2b}b\x{2a}c" ab >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success LIBPCRE 'grep -P pattern with grep.patternType=fixed' '
+	echo "ab:a+b*c" >expected &&
+	git \
+		-c grep.patterntype=fixed \
+		grep -P "a\x{2b}b\x{2a}c" ab >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'grep -F pattern with grep.patternType=basic' '
+	echo "ab:a+b*c" >expected &&
+	git \
+		-c grep.patterntype=basic \
+		grep -F "*c" ab >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'grep -G pattern with grep.patternType=fixed' '
+	{
+		echo "ab:a+b*c"
+		echo "ab:a+bc"
+	} >expected &&
+	git \
+		-c grep.patterntype=fixed \
+		grep -G "a+b" ab >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'grep -E pattern with grep.patternType=fixed' '
+	{
+		echo "ab:a+b*c"
+		echo "ab:a+bc"
+		echo "ab:abc"
+	} >expected &&
+	git \
+		-c grep.patterntype=fixed \
+		grep -E "a+" ab >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_config() {
 	git config "$1" "$2" &&
 	test_when_finished "git config --unset $1"
diff --git a/t/t7811-grep-open.sh b/t/t7811-grep-open.sh
index a895778..e1951a5 100755
--- a/t/t7811-grep-open.sh
+++ b/t/t7811-grep-open.sh
@@ -125,11 +125,6 @@
 	test_cmp empty out
 '
 
-test_config() {
-	git config "$1" "$2" &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset $1"
-}
-
 test_expect_success 'copes with color settings' '
 	rm -f actual &&
 	echo grep.h >expect &&
diff --git a/t/t8004-blame-with-conflicts.sh b/t/t8004-blame-with-conflicts.sh
index ba19ac1..9c353ab 100755
--- a/t/t8004-blame-with-conflicts.sh
+++ b/t/t8004-blame-with-conflicts.sh
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@
 	git blame file2
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'blame runs on conflicted file in stages 1,3' '
+test_expect_success 'blame does not crash with conflicted file in stages 1,3' '
 	git blame file1
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t8006-blame-textconv.sh b/t/t8006-blame-textconv.sh
index c3c22f7..bf6caa4 100755
--- a/t/t8006-blame-textconv.sh
+++ b/t/t8006-blame-textconv.sh
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 cat >helper <<'EOF'
 #!/bin/sh
 grep -q '^bin: ' "$1" || { echo "E: $1 is not \"binary\" file" 1>&2; exit 1; }
-perl -p -e 's/^bin: /converted: /' "$1"
+"$PERL_PATH" -p -e 's/^bin: /converted: /' "$1"
 EOF
 chmod +x helper
 
diff --git a/t/t9001-send-email.sh b/t/t9001-send-email.sh
index 8c12c65..d6f0271 100755
--- a/t/t9001-send-email.sh
+++ b/t/t9001-send-email.sh
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'Send patches with --envelope-sender' '
     clean_fake_sendmail &&
-     git send-email --envelope-sender="Patch Contributer <patch@example.com>" --suppress-cc=sob --from="Example <nobody@example.com>" --to=nobody@example.com --smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" $patches 2>errors
+     git send-email --envelope-sender="Patch Contributor <patch@example.com>" --suppress-cc=sob --from="Example <nobody@example.com>" --to=nobody@example.com --smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" $patches 2>errors
 '
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'setup expect' '
@@ -171,6 +171,81 @@
 EOF
 "
 
+test_suppress_self () {
+	test_commit $3 &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard HEAD^" &&
+
+	write_script cccmd-sed <<-EOF &&
+		sed -n -e s/^cccmd--//p "\$1"
+	EOF
+
+	git commit --amend --author="$1 <$2>" -F - &&
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	git format-patch --stdout -1 >"suppress-self-$3.patch" &&
+
+	git send-email --from="$1 <$2>" \
+		--to=nobody@example.com \
+		--cc-cmd=./cccmd-sed \
+		--suppress-cc=self \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		suppress-self-$3.patch &&
+
+	mv msgtxt1 msgtxt1-$3 &&
+	sed -e '/^$/q' msgtxt1-$3 >"msghdr1-$3" &&
+	>"expected-no-cc-$3" &&
+
+	(grep '^Cc:' msghdr1-$3 >"actual-no-cc-$3";
+	 test_cmp expected-no-cc-$3 actual-no-cc-$3)
+}
+
+test_suppress_self_unquoted () {
+	test_suppress_self "$1" "$2" "unquoted-$3" <<-EOF
+		test suppress-cc.self unquoted-$3 with name $1 email $2
+
+		unquoted-$3
+
+		cccmd--$1 <$2>
+
+		Cc: $1 <$2>
+		Signed-off-by: $1 <$2>
+	EOF
+}
+
+test_suppress_self_quoted () {
+	test_suppress_self "$1" "$2" "quoted-$3" <<-EOF
+		test suppress-cc.self quoted-$3 with name $1 email $2
+
+		quoted-$3
+
+		cccmd--"$1" <$2>
+
+		Cc: $1 <$2>
+		Cc: "$1" <$2>
+		Signed-off-by: $1 <$2>
+		Signed-off-by: "$1" <$2>
+	EOF
+}
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'self name is suppressed' "
+	test_suppress_self_unquoted 'A U Thor' 'author@example.com' \
+		'self_name_suppressed'
+"
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'self name with dot is suppressed' "
+	test_suppress_self_quoted 'A U. Thor' 'author@example.com' \
+		'self_name_dot_suppressed'
+"
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'non-ascii self name is suppressed' "
+	test_suppress_self_quoted 'Füñný Nâmé' 'odd_?=mail@example.com' \
+		'non_ascii_self_suppressed'
+"
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'sanitized self name is suppressed' "
+	test_suppress_self_unquoted '\"A U. Thor\"' 'author@example.com' \
+		'self_name_sanitized_suppressed'
+"
+
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'Show all headers' '
 	git send-email \
 		--dry-run \
@@ -191,17 +266,44 @@
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'Prompting works' '
 	clean_fake_sendmail &&
-	(echo "Example <from@example.com>"
-	 echo "to@example.com"
+	(echo "to@example.com"
 	 echo ""
 	) | GIT_SEND_EMAIL_NOTTY=1 git send-email \
 		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
 		$patches \
 		2>errors &&
-		grep "^From: Example <from@example.com>\$" msgtxt1 &&
+		grep "^From: A U Thor <author@example.com>\$" msgtxt1 &&
 		grep "^To: to@example.com\$" msgtxt1
 '
 
+test_expect_success $PREREQ,AUTOIDENT 'implicit ident is allowed' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	(sane_unset GIT_AUTHOR_NAME &&
+	sane_unset GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL &&
+	sane_unset GIT_COMMITTER_NAME &&
+	sane_unset GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL &&
+	GIT_SEND_EMAIL_NOTTY=1 git send-email \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		--to=to@example.com \
+		$patches </dev/null 2>errors
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ,!AUTOIDENT 'broken implicit ident aborts send-email' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	(sane_unset GIT_AUTHOR_NAME &&
+	sane_unset GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL &&
+	sane_unset GIT_COMMITTER_NAME &&
+	sane_unset GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL &&
+	GIT_SEND_EMAIL_NOTTY=1 && export GIT_SEND_EMAIL_NOTTY &&
+	test_must_fail git send-email \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		--to=to@example.com \
+		$patches </dev/null 2>errors &&
+	test_i18ngrep "tell me who you are" errors
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'tocmd works' '
 	clean_fake_sendmail &&
 	cp $patches tocmd.patch &&
@@ -760,7 +862,7 @@
 	test $ret = "0"
 '
 
-test_expect_success $PREREQ 'confirm doesnt loop forever' '
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'confirm does not loop forever' '
 	CONFIRM=$(git config --get sendemail.confirm) &&
 	git config sendemail.confirm auto &&
 	GIT_SEND_EMAIL_NOTTY=1 &&
@@ -841,6 +943,102 @@
 	grep "^Subject: =?UTF-8?q?utf8-s=C3=BCbj=C3=ABct?=" msgtxt1
 '
 
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'utf8 author is correctly passed on' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	test_commit weird_author &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard HEAD^" &&
+	git commit --amend --author "Füñný Nâmé <odd_?=mail@example.com>" &&
+	git format-patch --stdout -1 >funny_name.patch &&
+	git send-email --from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+	  --to=nobody@example.com \
+	  --smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+	  funny_name.patch &&
+	grep "^From: Füñný Nâmé <odd_?=mail@example.com>" msgtxt1
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'utf8 sender is not duplicated' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	test_commit weird_sender &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard HEAD^" &&
+	git commit --amend --author "Füñný Nâmé <odd_?=mail@example.com>" &&
+	git format-patch --stdout -1 >funny_name.patch &&
+	git send-email --from="Füñný Nâmé <odd_?=mail@example.com>" \
+	  --to=nobody@example.com \
+	  --smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+	  funny_name.patch &&
+	grep "^From: " msgtxt1 >msgfrom &&
+	test_line_count = 1 msgfrom
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'sendemail.composeencoding works' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	git config sendemail.composeencoding iso-8859-1 &&
+	(echo "#!$SHELL_PATH" &&
+	 echo "echo utf8 body: àéìöú >>\"\$1\""
+	) >fake-editor-utf8 &&
+	chmod +x fake-editor-utf8 &&
+	  GIT_EDITOR="\"$(pwd)/fake-editor-utf8\"" \
+	  git send-email \
+	  --compose --subject foo \
+	  --from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+	  --to=nobody@example.com \
+	  --smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+	  $patches &&
+	grep "^utf8 body" msgtxt1 &&
+	grep "^Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1" msgtxt1
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ '--compose-encoding works' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	(echo "#!$SHELL_PATH" &&
+	 echo "echo utf8 body: àéìöú >>\"\$1\""
+	) >fake-editor-utf8 &&
+	chmod +x fake-editor-utf8 &&
+	  GIT_EDITOR="\"$(pwd)/fake-editor-utf8\"" \
+	  git send-email \
+	  --compose-encoding iso-8859-1 \
+	  --compose --subject foo \
+	  --from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+	  --to=nobody@example.com \
+	  --smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+	  $patches &&
+	grep "^utf8 body" msgtxt1 &&
+	grep "^Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1" msgtxt1
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ '--compose-encoding overrides sendemail.composeencoding' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	git config sendemail.composeencoding iso-8859-1 &&
+	(echo "#!$SHELL_PATH" &&
+	 echo "echo utf8 body: àéìöú >>\"\$1\""
+	) >fake-editor-utf8 &&
+	chmod +x fake-editor-utf8 &&
+	  GIT_EDITOR="\"$(pwd)/fake-editor-utf8\"" \
+	  git send-email \
+	  --compose-encoding iso-8859-2 \
+	  --compose --subject foo \
+	  --from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+	  --to=nobody@example.com \
+	  --smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+	  $patches &&
+	grep "^utf8 body" msgtxt1 &&
+	grep "^Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-2" msgtxt1
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ '--compose-encoding adds correct MIME for subject' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	  GIT_EDITOR="\"$(pwd)/fake-editor\"" \
+	  git send-email \
+	  --compose-encoding iso-8859-2 \
+	  --compose --subject utf8-sübjëct \
+	  --from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+	  --to=nobody@example.com \
+	  --smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+	  $patches &&
+	grep "^fake edit" msgtxt1 &&
+	grep "^Subject: =?iso-8859-2?q?utf8-s=C3=BCbj=C3=ABct?=" msgtxt1
+'
+
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'detects ambiguous reference/file conflict' '
 	echo master > master &&
 	git add master &&
@@ -1061,6 +1259,23 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'setup expect' '
+cat >expected <<EOF
+Subject: subject goes here
+EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'ASCII subject is not RFC2047 quoted' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	echo bogus |
+	git send-email --from=author@example.com --to=nobody@example.com \
+			--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+			--8bit-encoding=UTF-8 \
+			email-using-8bit >stdout &&
+	grep "Subject" msgtxt1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'setup expect' '
 cat >content-type-decl <<EOF
 MIME-Version: 1.0
 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
diff --git a/t/t9010-svn-fe.sh b/t/t9010-svn-fe.sh
index b7eed24..6dafe7e 100755
--- a/t/t9010-svn-fe.sh
+++ b/t/t9010-svn-fe.sh
@@ -54,14 +54,6 @@
 
 >empty
 
-test_expect_success 'setup: have pipes?' '
-	rm -f frob &&
-	if mkfifo frob
-	then
-		test_set_prereq PIPE
-	fi
-'
-
 test_expect_success PIPE 'empty dump' '
 	reinit_git &&
 	echo "SVN-fs-dump-format-version: 2" >input &&
diff --git a/t/t9020-remote-svn.sh b/t/t9020-remote-svn.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..d9f6b73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9020-remote-svn.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='tests remote-svn'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+MARKSPATH=.git/info/fast-import/remote-svn
+
+if ! test_have_prereq PYTHON
+then
+	skip_all='skipping remote-svn tests, python not available'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+# Override svnrdump with our simulator
+PATH="$HOME:$PATH"
+export PATH PYTHON_PATH GIT_BUILD_DIR
+
+write_script "$HOME/svnrdump" <<\EOF
+exec "$PYTHON_PATH" "$GIT_BUILD_DIR/contrib/svn-fe/svnrdump_sim.py" "$@"
+EOF
+
+init_git () {
+	rm -fr .git &&
+	git init &&
+	#git remote add svnsim testsvn::sim:///$TEST_DIRECTORY/t9020/example.svnrdump
+	# let's reuse an exisiting dump file!?
+	git remote add svnsim testsvn::sim://$TEST_DIRECTORY/t9154/svn.dump
+	git remote add svnfile testsvn::file://$TEST_DIRECTORY/t9154/svn.dump
+}
+
+if test -e "$GIT_BUILD_DIR/git-remote-testsvn"
+then
+	test_set_prereq REMOTE_SVN
+fi
+
+test_debug '
+	git --version
+	type git
+	type svnrdump
+'
+
+test_expect_success REMOTE_SVN 'simple fetch' '
+	init_git &&
+	git fetch svnsim &&
+	test_cmp .git/refs/svn/svnsim/master .git/refs/remotes/svnsim/master  &&
+	cp .git/refs/remotes/svnsim/master master.good
+'
+
+test_debug '
+	cat .git/refs/svn/svnsim/master
+	cat .git/refs/remotes/svnsim/master
+'
+
+test_expect_success REMOTE_SVN 'repeated fetch, nothing shall change' '
+	git fetch svnsim &&
+	test_cmp master.good .git/refs/remotes/svnsim/master
+'
+
+test_expect_success REMOTE_SVN 'fetch from a file:// url gives the same result' '
+	git fetch svnfile
+'
+
+test_expect_failure REMOTE_SVN 'the sha1 differ because the git-svn-id line in the commit msg contains the url' '
+	test_cmp .git/refs/remotes/svnfile/master .git/refs/remotes/svnsim/master
+'
+
+test_expect_success REMOTE_SVN 'mark-file regeneration' '
+	# filter out any other marks, that can not be regenerated. Only up to 3 digit revisions are allowed here
+	grep ":[0-9]\{1,3\} " $MARKSPATH/svnsim.marks > $MARKSPATH/svnsim.marks.old &&
+	rm $MARKSPATH/svnsim.marks &&
+	git fetch svnsim &&
+	test_cmp $MARKSPATH/svnsim.marks.old $MARKSPATH/svnsim.marks
+'
+
+test_expect_success REMOTE_SVN 'incremental imports must lead to the same head' '
+	SVNRMAX=3 &&
+	export SVNRMAX &&
+	init_git &&
+	git fetch svnsim &&
+	test_cmp .git/refs/svn/svnsim/master .git/refs/remotes/svnsim/master  &&
+	unset SVNRMAX &&
+	git fetch svnsim &&
+	test_cmp master.good .git/refs/remotes/svnsim/master
+'
+
+test_debug 'git branch -a'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9100-git-svn-basic.sh b/t/t9100-git-svn-basic.sh
index 749b75e..4fea8d9 100755
--- a/t/t9100-git-svn-basic.sh
+++ b/t/t9100-git-svn-basic.sh
@@ -306,5 +306,13 @@
 	git svn fetch ) &&
 	rm -rf bare-repo
 	'
+test_expect_success 'git-svn works in in a repository with a gitdir: link' '
+	mkdir worktree gitdir &&
+	( cd worktree &&
+	git svn init "$svnrepo" &&
+	git init --separate-git-dir ../gitdir &&
+	git svn fetch ) &&
+	rm -rf worktree gitdir
+	'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t9107-git-svn-migrate.sh b/t/t9107-git-svn-migrate.sh
index 289fc31..ee73013 100755
--- a/t/t9107-git-svn-migrate.sh
+++ b/t/t9107-git-svn-migrate.sh
@@ -27,15 +27,17 @@
 head=`git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/git-svn-HEAD^0`
 test_expect_success 'git-svn-HEAD is a real HEAD' "test -n '$head'"
 
+svnrepo_escaped=`echo $svnrepo | sed 's/ /%20/'`
+
 test_expect_success 'initialize old-style (v0) git svn layout' '
 	mkdir -p "$GIT_DIR"/git-svn/info "$GIT_DIR"/svn/info &&
 	echo "$svnrepo" > "$GIT_DIR"/git-svn/info/url &&
 	echo "$svnrepo" > "$GIT_DIR"/svn/info/url &&
 	git svn migrate &&
-	! test -d "$GIT_DIR"/git svn &&
+	! test -d "$GIT_DIR"/git-svn &&
 	git rev-parse --verify refs/${remotes_git_svn}^0 &&
 	git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/svn^0 &&
-	test "$(git config --get svn-remote.svn.url)" = "$svnrepo" &&
+	test "$(git config --get svn-remote.svn.url)" = "$svnrepo_escaped" &&
 	test `git config --get svn-remote.svn.fetch` = \
              ":refs/${remotes_git_svn}"
 	'
diff --git a/t/t9114-git-svn-dcommit-merge.sh b/t/t9114-git-svn-dcommit-merge.sh
index 3077851..f524d2f 100755
--- a/t/t9114-git-svn-dcommit-merge.sh
+++ b/t/t9114-git-svn-dcommit-merge.sh
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'setup git mirror and merge' '
 	git svn init "$svnrepo" -t tags -T trunk -b branches &&
 	git svn fetch &&
-	git checkout --track -b svn remotes/trunk &&
+	git checkout -b svn remotes/trunk &&
 	git checkout -b merge &&
 	echo new file > new_file &&
 	git add new_file &&
diff --git a/t/t9118-git-svn-funky-branch-names.sh b/t/t9118-git-svn-funky-branch-names.sh
index 63fc982..15f93b4 100755
--- a/t/t9118-git-svn-funky-branch-names.sh
+++ b/t/t9118-git-svn-funky-branch-names.sh
@@ -28,10 +28,15 @@
 	svn_cmd cp -m "trailing .lock" "$svnrepo/pr ject/trunk" \
 			"$svnrepo/pr ject/branches/trailing_dotlock.lock" &&
 	svn_cmd cp -m "reflog" "$svnrepo/pr ject/trunk" \
-			"$svnrepo/pr ject/branches/not-a%40{0}reflog" &&
+			"$svnrepo/pr ject/branches/not-a@{0}reflog@" &&
 	start_httpd
 	'
 
+# SVN 1.7 will truncate "not-a%40{0]" to just "not-a".
+# Look at what SVN wound up naming the branch and use that.
+# Be sure to escape the @ if it shows up.
+non_reflog=`svn_cmd ls "$svnrepo/pr ject/branches" | grep not-a | sed 's/\///' | sed 's/@/%40/'`
+
 test_expect_success 'test clone with funky branch names' '
 	git svn clone -s "$svnrepo/pr ject" project &&
 	(
@@ -42,7 +47,7 @@
 		git rev-parse "refs/remotes/%2Eleading_dot" &&
 		git rev-parse "refs/remotes/trailing_dot%2E" &&
 		git rev-parse "refs/remotes/trailing_dotlock%2Elock" &&
-		git rev-parse "refs/remotes/not-a%40{0}reflog"
+		git rev-parse "refs/remotes/$non_reflog"
 	)
 	'
 
diff --git a/t/t9129-git-svn-i18n-commitencoding.sh b/t/t9129-git-svn-i18n-commitencoding.sh
index 8cfdfe7..9a40f1e 100755
--- a/t/t9129-git-svn-i18n-commitencoding.sh
+++ b/t/t9129-git-svn-i18n-commitencoding.sh
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 compare_svn_head_with () {
 	# extract just the log message and strip out committer info.
 	# don't use --limit here since svn 1.1.x doesn't have it,
-	LC_ALL="$a_utf8_locale" svn log `git svn info --url` | perl -w -e '
+	LC_ALL="$a_utf8_locale" svn log `git svn info --url` | "$PERL_PATH" -w -e '
 		use bytes;
 		$/ = ("-"x72) . "\n";
 		my @x = <STDIN>;
diff --git a/t/t9137-git-svn-dcommit-clobber-series.sh b/t/t9137-git-svn-dcommit-clobber-series.sh
index d60da63..c17aa31 100755
--- a/t/t9137-git-svn-dcommit-clobber-series.sh
+++ b/t/t9137-git-svn-dcommit-clobber-series.sh
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@
 	test x"`sed -n -e 61p < file`" = x61 &&
 	svn_cmd co "$svnrepo" tmp &&
 	(cd tmp &&
-		perl -i.bak -p -e "s/^58$/5588/" file &&
-		perl -i.bak -p -e "s/^61$/6611/" file &&
+		"$PERL_PATH" -i.bak -p -e "s/^58$/5588/" file &&
+		"$PERL_PATH" -i.bak -p -e "s/^61$/6611/" file &&
 		poke file &&
 		test x"`sed -n -e 58p < file`" = x5588 &&
 		test x"`sed -n -e 61p < file`" = x6611 &&
@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@
 test_expect_success 'change file but in unrelated area' "
 	test x\"\`sed -n -e 4p < file\`\" = x4 &&
 	test x\"\`sed -n -e 7p < file\`\" = x7 &&
-	perl -i.bak -p -e 's/^4\$/4444/' file &&
-	perl -i.bak -p -e 's/^7\$/7777/' file &&
+	"$PERL_PATH" -i.bak -p -e 's/^4\$/4444/' file &&
+	"$PERL_PATH" -i.bak -p -e 's/^7\$/7777/' file &&
 	test x\"\`sed -n -e 4p < file\`\" = x4444 &&
 	test x\"\`sed -n -e 7p < file\`\" = x7777 &&
 	git commit -m '4 => 4444, 7 => 7777' file &&
diff --git a/t/t9147-git-svn-include-paths.sh b/t/t9147-git-svn-include-paths.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..a90ff58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9147-git-svn-include-paths.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2013 Paul Walmsley - based on t9134 by Vitaly Shukela
+#
+
+test_description='git svn property tests'
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup test repository' '
+	svn_cmd co "$svnrepo" s &&
+	(
+		cd s &&
+		mkdir qqq www xxx &&
+		echo test_qqq > qqq/test_qqq.txt &&
+		echo test_www > www/test_www.txt &&
+		echo test_xxx > xxx/test_xxx.txt &&
+		svn_cmd add qqq &&
+		svn_cmd add www &&
+		svn_cmd add xxx &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "create some files" &&
+		svn_cmd up &&
+		echo hi >> www/test_www.txt &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "modify www/test_www.txt" &&
+		svn_cmd up
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone an SVN repository with filter to include qqq directory' '
+	git svn clone --include-paths="qqq" "$svnrepo" g &&
+	echo test_qqq > expect &&
+	for i in g/*/*.txt; do cat $i >> expect2; done &&
+	test_cmp expect expect2
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'init+fetch an SVN repository with included qqq directory' '
+	git svn init "$svnrepo" c &&
+	( cd c && git svn fetch --include-paths="qqq" ) &&
+	rm expect2 &&
+	echo test_qqq > expect &&
+	for i in c/*/*.txt; do cat $i >> expect2; done &&
+	test_cmp expect expect2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'verify include-paths config saved by clone' '
+	(
+	    cd g &&
+	    git config --get svn-remote.svn.include-paths | fgrep "qqq"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'SVN-side change outside of www' '
+	(
+		cd s &&
+		echo b >> qqq/test_qqq.txt &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "SVN-side change outside of www" &&
+		svn_cmd up &&
+		svn_cmd log -v | fgrep "SVN-side change outside of www"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update git svn-cloned repo (config include)' '
+	(
+		cd g &&
+		git svn rebase &&
+		printf "test_qqq\nb\n" > expect &&
+		for i in */*.txt; do cat $i >> expect2; done &&
+		test_cmp expect2 expect &&
+		rm expect expect2
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update git svn-cloned repo (option include)' '
+	(
+		cd c &&
+		git svn rebase --include-paths="qqq" &&
+		printf "test_qqq\nb\n" > expect &&
+		for i in */*.txt; do cat $i >> expect2; done &&
+		test_cmp expect2 expect &&
+		rm expect expect2
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'SVN-side change inside of ignored www' '
+	(
+		cd s &&
+		echo zaq >> www/test_www.txt
+		svn_cmd commit -m "SVN-side change inside of www/test_www.txt" &&
+		svn_cmd up &&
+		svn_cmd log -v | fgrep "SVN-side change inside of www/test_www.txt"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update git svn-cloned repo (config include)' '
+	(
+		cd g &&
+		git svn rebase &&
+		printf "test_qqq\nb\n" > expect &&
+		for i in */*.txt; do cat $i >> expect2; done &&
+		test_cmp expect2 expect &&
+		rm expect expect2
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update git svn-cloned repo (option include)' '
+	(
+		cd c &&
+		git svn rebase --include-paths="qqq" &&
+		printf "test_qqq\nb\n" > expect &&
+		for i in */*.txt; do cat $i >> expect2; done &&
+		test_cmp expect2 expect &&
+		rm expect expect2
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'SVN-side change in and out of included qqq' '
+	(
+		cd s &&
+		echo cvf >> www/test_www.txt
+		echo ygg >> qqq/test_qqq.txt
+		svn_cmd commit -m "SVN-side change in and out of ignored www" &&
+		svn_cmd up &&
+		svn_cmd log -v | fgrep "SVN-side change in and out of ignored www"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update git svn-cloned repo again (config include)' '
+	(
+		cd g &&
+		git svn rebase &&
+		printf "test_qqq\nb\nygg\n" > expect &&
+		for i in */*.txt; do cat $i >> expect2; done &&
+		test_cmp expect2 expect &&
+		rm expect expect2
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update git svn-cloned repo again (option include)' '
+	(
+		cd c &&
+		git svn rebase --include-paths="qqq" &&
+		printf "test_qqq\nb\nygg\n" > expect &&
+		for i in */*.txt; do cat $i >> expect2; done &&
+		test_cmp expect2 expect &&
+		rm expect expect2
+	)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9154-git-svn-fancy-glob.sh b/t/t9154-git-svn-fancy-glob.sh
index a6a56a6..b780e0e 100755
--- a/t/t9154-git-svn-fancy-glob.sh
+++ b/t/t9154-git-svn-fancy-glob.sh
@@ -21,6 +21,15 @@
 	test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/blue
 	"
 
+test_expect_success 'add gre branch' "
+	GIT_CONFIG=.git/svn/.metadata git config --unset svn-remote.svn.branches-maxRev &&
+	git config svn-remote.svn.branches 'branches/{red,gre}:refs/remotes/*' &&
+	git svn fetch &&
+	git rev-parse refs/remotes/red &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/green &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/blue
+	"
+
 test_expect_success 'add green branch' "
 	GIT_CONFIG=.git/svn/.metadata git config --unset svn-remote.svn.branches-maxRev &&
 	git config svn-remote.svn.branches 'branches/{red,green}:refs/remotes/*' &&
diff --git a/t/t9161-git-svn-mergeinfo-push.sh b/t/t9161-git-svn-mergeinfo-push.sh
index 6ef0c0b..1eab701 100755
--- a/t/t9161-git-svn-mergeinfo-push.sh
+++ b/t/t9161-git-svn-mergeinfo-push.sh
@@ -88,7 +88,6 @@
 	test "$mergeinfo" = "/branches/svnb1:2-4,7-9,13-18
 /branches/svnb2:3,8,16-17
 /branches/svnb3:4,9
-/branches/svnb4:5-6,10-12
 /branches/svnb5:6,11"
 	'
 
diff --git a/t/t9163-git-svn-reset-clears-caches.sh b/t/t9163-git-svn-reset-clears-caches.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..cd4c662
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9163-git-svn-reset-clears-caches.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Peter Baumann
+#
+
+test_description='git svn reset clears memoized caches'
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+svn_ver="$(svn --version --quiet)"
+case $svn_ver in
+0.* | 1.[0-4].*)
+	skip_all="skipping git-svn test - SVN too old ($svn_ver)"
+	test_done
+	;;
+esac
+
+# ... a  -  b - m   <- trunk
+#      \       /
+#       ... c       <- branch1
+#
+# SVN Commits not interesting for this test are abbreviated with "..."
+#
+test_expect_success 'initialize source svn repo' '
+	svn_cmd mkdir -m "create trunk" "$svnrepo"/trunk &&
+	svn_cmd mkdir -m "create branches" "$svnrepo/branches" &&
+	svn_cmd co "$svnrepo"/trunk "$SVN_TREE" &&
+	(
+		cd "$SVN_TREE" &&
+		touch foo &&
+		svn_cmd add foo &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "a" &&
+		svn_cmd cp -m branch "$svnrepo"/trunk "$svnrepo"/branches/branch1 &&
+		svn_cmd switch "$svnrepo"/branches/branch1 &&
+		touch bar &&
+		svn_cmd add bar &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m b &&
+		svn_cmd switch "$svnrepo"/trunk &&
+		touch baz &&
+		svn_cmd add baz &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m c &&
+		svn_cmd up &&
+		svn_cmd merge "$svnrepo"/branches/branch1 &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "m"
+	) &&
+	rm -rf "$SVN_TREE"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch to merge-base (a)' '
+	git svn init -s "$svnrepo" &&
+	git svn fetch --revision BASE:3
+'
+
+# git svn rebase looses the merge commit
+#
+# ... a  -  b - m  <- trunk
+#      \
+#       ... c
+#
+test_expect_success 'rebase looses SVN merge (m)' '
+	git svn rebase &&
+	git svn fetch &&
+	test 1 = $(git cat-file -p master|grep parent|wc -l)
+'
+
+# git svn fetch creates correct history with merge commit
+#
+# ... a  -  b - m  <- trunk
+#      \       /
+#       ... c      <- branch1
+#
+test_expect_success 'reset and fetch gets the SVN merge (m) correctly' '
+	git svn reset -r 3 &&
+	git reset --hard trunk &&
+	git svn fetch &&
+	test 2 = $(git cat-file -p trunk|grep parent|wc -l)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9164-git-svn-dcommit-concurrent.sh b/t/t9164-git-svn-dcommit-concurrent.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..d8464d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9164-git-svn-dcommit-concurrent.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Robert Luberda
+#
+
+test_description='concurrent git svn dcommit'
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+
+
+test_expect_success 'setup svn repository' '
+	svn_cmd checkout "$svnrepo" work.svn &&
+	(
+		cd work.svn &&
+		echo >file && echo > auto_updated_file
+		svn_cmd add file auto_updated_file &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "initial commit"
+	) &&
+	svn_cmd checkout "$svnrepo" work-auto-commits.svn
+'
+N=0
+next_N()
+{
+	N=$(( $N + 1 ))
+}
+
+# Setup SVN repository hooks to emulate SVN failures or concurrent commits
+# The function adds
+# either pre-commit  hook, which causes SVN commit given in second argument
+#                    to fail
+# or     post-commit hook, which creates a new commit (a new line added to
+#                    auto_updated_file) after given SVN commit
+# The first argument contains a type of the hook
+# The second argument contains a number (not SVN revision) of commit
+# the hook should be applied for (each time the hook is run, the given
+# number is decreased by one until it gets 0, in which case the hook
+# will execute its real action)
+setup_hook()
+{
+	hook_type="$1"  # "pre-commit" or "post-commit"
+	skip_revs="$2"
+	[ "$hook_type" = "pre-commit" ] ||
+		[ "$hook_type" = "post-commit" ] ||
+		{ echo "ERROR: invalid argument ($hook_type)" \
+			"passed to setup_hook" >&2 ; return 1; }
+	echo "cnt=$skip_revs" > "$hook_type-counter"
+	rm -f "$rawsvnrepo/hooks/"*-commit # drop previous hooks
+	hook="$rawsvnrepo/hooks/$hook_type"
+	cat > "$hook" <<- 'EOF1'
+		#!/bin/sh
+		set -e
+		cd "$1/.."  # "$1" is repository location
+		exec >> svn-hook.log 2>&1
+		hook="$(basename "$0")"
+		echo "*** Executing $hook $@"
+		set -x
+		. ./$hook-counter
+		cnt="$(($cnt - 1))"
+		echo "cnt=$cnt" > ./$hook-counter
+		[ "$cnt" = "0" ] || exit 0
+EOF1
+	if [ "$hook_type" = "pre-commit" ]; then
+		echo "echo 'commit disallowed' >&2; exit 1" >>"$hook"
+	else
+		echo "PATH=\"$PATH\"; export PATH" >>"$hook"
+		echo "svnconf=\"$svnconf\"" >>"$hook"
+		cat >>"$hook" <<- 'EOF2'
+			cd work-auto-commits.svn
+			svn up --config-dir "$svnconf"
+			echo "$$" >> auto_updated_file
+			svn commit --config-dir "$svnconf" \
+				-m "auto-committing concurrent change"
+			exit 0
+EOF2
+	fi
+	chmod 755 "$hook"
+}
+
+check_contents()
+{
+	gitdir="$1"
+	(cd ../work.svn && svn_cmd up) &&
+	test_cmp file ../work.svn/file &&
+	test_cmp auto_updated_file ../work.svn/auto_updated_file
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'check if post-commit hook creates a concurrent commit' '
+	setup_hook post-commit 1 &&
+	(
+		cd work.svn &&
+		cp auto_updated_file au_file_saved &&
+		echo 1 >> file &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "changing file" &&
+		svn_cmd up &&
+		test_must_fail test_cmp auto_updated_file au_file_saved
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check if pre-commit hook fails' '
+	setup_hook pre-commit 2 &&
+	(
+		cd work.svn &&
+		echo 2 >> file &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "changing file once again" &&
+		echo 3 >> file &&
+		test_must_fail svn_cmd commit -m "this commit should fail" &&
+		svn_cmd revert file
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'dcommit error handling' '
+	setup_hook pre-commit 2 &&
+	next_N && git svn clone "$svnrepo" work$N.git &&
+	(
+		cd work$N.git &&
+		echo 1 >> file && git commit -am "commit change $N.1" &&
+		echo 2 >> file && git commit -am "commit change $N.2" &&
+		echo 3 >> file && git commit -am "commit change $N.3" &&
+		# should fail to dcommit 2nd and 3rd change
+		# but still should leave the repository in reasonable state
+		test_must_fail git svn dcommit &&
+		git update-index --refresh &&
+		git show HEAD~2   | grep -q git-svn-id &&
+		! git show HEAD~1 | grep -q git-svn-id &&
+		! git show HEAD   | grep -q git-svn-id
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'dcommit concurrent change in non-changed file' '
+	setup_hook post-commit 2 &&
+	next_N && git svn clone "$svnrepo" work$N.git &&
+	(
+		cd work$N.git &&
+		echo 1 >> file && git commit -am "commit change $N.1" &&
+		echo 2 >> file && git commit -am "commit change $N.2" &&
+		echo 3 >> file && git commit -am "commit change $N.3" &&
+		# should rebase and leave the repository in reasonable state
+		git svn dcommit &&
+		git update-index --refresh &&
+		check_contents &&
+		git show HEAD~3 | grep -q git-svn-id &&
+		git show HEAD~2 | grep -q git-svn-id &&
+		git show HEAD~1 | grep -q auto-committing &&
+		git show HEAD   | grep -q git-svn-id
+	)
+'
+
+# An utility function used in the following test
+delete_first_line()
+{
+	file="$1" &&
+	sed 1d < "$file" > "${file}.tmp" &&
+	rm "$file" &&
+	mv "${file}.tmp" "$file"
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'dcommit concurrent non-conflicting change' '
+	setup_hook post-commit 2 &&
+	next_N && git svn clone "$svnrepo" work$N.git &&
+	(
+		cd work$N.git &&
+		cat file >> auto_updated_file &&
+			git commit -am "commit change $N.1" &&
+		delete_first_line auto_updated_file &&
+			git commit -am "commit change $N.2" &&
+		delete_first_line auto_updated_file &&
+			git commit -am "commit change $N.3" &&
+		# should rebase and leave the repository in reasonable state
+		git svn dcommit &&
+		git update-index --refresh &&
+		check_contents &&
+		git show HEAD~3 | grep -q git-svn-id &&
+		git show HEAD~2 | grep -q git-svn-id &&
+		git show HEAD~1 | grep -q auto-committing &&
+		git show HEAD   | grep -q git-svn-id
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'dcommit --no-rebase concurrent non-conflicting change' '
+	setup_hook post-commit 2 &&
+	next_N && git svn clone "$svnrepo" work$N.git &&
+	(
+		cd work$N.git &&
+		cat file >> auto_updated_file &&
+			git commit -am "commit change $N.1" &&
+		delete_first_line auto_updated_file &&
+			git commit -am "commit change $N.2" &&
+		delete_first_line auto_updated_file &&
+			git commit -am "commit change $N.3" &&
+		# should fail as rebase is needed
+		test_must_fail git svn dcommit --no-rebase &&
+		# but should leave HEAD unchanged
+		git update-index --refresh &&
+		! git show HEAD~2 | grep -q git-svn-id &&
+		! git show HEAD~1 | grep -q git-svn-id &&
+		! git show HEAD   | grep -q git-svn-id
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'dcommit fails on concurrent conflicting change' '
+	setup_hook post-commit 1 &&
+	next_N && git svn clone "$svnrepo" work$N.git &&
+	(
+		cd work$N.git &&
+		echo a >> file &&
+			git commit -am "commit change $N.1" &&
+		echo b >> auto_updated_file &&
+			git commit -am "commit change $N.2" &&
+		echo c >> auto_updated_file &&
+			git commit -am "commit change $N.3" &&
+		test_must_fail git svn dcommit && # rebase should fail
+		test_must_fail git update-index --refresh
+	)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9165-git-svn-fetch-merge-branch-of-branch.sh b/t/t9165-git-svn-fetch-merge-branch-of-branch.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..13ae7e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9165-git-svn-fetch-merge-branch-of-branch.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Steven Walter
+#
+
+test_description='git svn merge detection'
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+svn_ver="$(svn --version --quiet)"
+case $svn_ver in
+0.* | 1.[0-4].*)
+	skip_all="skipping git-svn test - SVN too old ($svn_ver)"
+	test_done
+	;;
+esac
+
+test_expect_success 'initialize source svn repo' '
+	svn_cmd mkdir -m x "$svnrepo"/trunk &&
+	svn_cmd mkdir -m x "$svnrepo"/branches &&
+	svn_cmd co "$svnrepo"/trunk "$SVN_TREE" &&
+	(
+		cd "$SVN_TREE" &&
+		touch foo &&
+		svn_cmd add foo &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "initial commit" &&
+		svn_cmd cp -m branch "$svnrepo"/trunk "$svnrepo"/branches/branch1 &&
+		svn_cmd switch "$svnrepo"/branches/branch1 &&
+		touch bar &&
+		svn_cmd add bar &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m branch1 &&
+		svn_cmd cp -m branch "$svnrepo"/branches/branch1 "$svnrepo"/branches/branch2 &&
+		svn_cmd switch "$svnrepo"/branches/branch2 &&
+		touch baz &&
+		svn_cmd add baz &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m branch2 &&
+		svn_cmd switch "$svnrepo"/trunk &&
+		touch bar2 &&
+		svn_cmd add bar2 &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m trunk &&
+		svn_cmd switch "$svnrepo"/branches/branch2 &&
+		svn_cmd merge "$svnrepo"/trunk &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "merge trunk"
+		svn_cmd switch "$svnrepo"/trunk &&
+		svn_cmd merge --reintegrate "$svnrepo"/branches/branch2 &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "merge branch2"
+	) &&
+	rm -rf "$SVN_TREE"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone svn repo' '
+	git svn init -s "$svnrepo" &&
+	git svn fetch
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'verify merge commit' 'x=$(git rev-parse HEAD^2) &&
+	y=$(git rev-parse branch2) &&
+	test "x$x" = "x$y"
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9166-git-svn-fetch-merge-branch-of-branch2.sh b/t/t9166-git-svn-fetch-merge-branch-of-branch2.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..af0ec0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9166-git-svn-fetch-merge-branch-of-branch2.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Steven Walter
+#
+
+test_description='git svn merge detection'
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+svn_ver="$(svn --version --quiet)"
+case $svn_ver in
+0.* | 1.[0-4].*)
+	skip_all="skipping git-svn test - SVN too old ($svn_ver)"
+	test_done
+	;;
+esac
+
+test_expect_success 'initialize source svn repo' '
+	svn_cmd mkdir -m x "$svnrepo"/trunk &&
+	svn_cmd mkdir -m x "$svnrepo"/branches &&
+	svn_cmd co "$svnrepo"/trunk "$SVN_TREE" &&
+	(
+		cd "$SVN_TREE" &&
+		touch foo &&
+		svn_cmd add foo &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "initial commit" &&
+		svn_cmd cp -m branch "$svnrepo"/trunk "$svnrepo"/branches/branch1 &&
+		svn_cmd switch "$svnrepo"/branches/branch1 &&
+		touch bar &&
+		svn_cmd add bar &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m branch1 &&
+		svn_cmd cp -m branch "$svnrepo"/branches/branch1 "$svnrepo"/branches/branch2 &&
+		svn_cmd switch "$svnrepo"/branches/branch2 &&
+		touch baz &&
+		svn_cmd add baz &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m branch2 &&
+		svn_cmd switch "$svnrepo"/trunk &&
+		svn_cmd merge --reintegrate "$svnrepo"/branches/branch2 &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "merge branch2"
+	) &&
+	rm -rf "$SVN_TREE"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone svn repo' '
+	git svn init -s "$svnrepo" &&
+	git svn fetch
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'verify merge commit' 'x=$(git rev-parse HEAD^2) &&
+	y=$(git rev-parse branch2) &&
+	test "x$x" = "x$y"
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9167-git-svn-cmd-branch-subproject.sh b/t/t9167-git-svn-cmd-branch-subproject.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..53def87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9167-git-svn-cmd-branch-subproject.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2013 Tobias Schulte
+#
+
+test_description='git svn branch for subproject clones'
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'initialize svnrepo' '
+	mkdir import &&
+	(
+		cd import &&
+		mkdir -p trunk/project branches tags &&
+		(
+			cd trunk/project &&
+			echo foo > foo
+		) &&
+		svn_cmd import -m "import for git-svn" . "$svnrepo" >/dev/null
+	) &&
+	rm -rf import &&
+	svn_cmd co "$svnrepo"/trunk/project trunk/project &&
+	(
+		cd trunk/project &&
+		echo bar >> foo &&
+		svn_cmd ci -m "updated trunk"
+	) &&
+	rm -rf trunk
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'import into git' '
+	git svn init --trunk=trunk/project --branches=branches/*/project \
+		--tags=tags/*/project "$svnrepo" &&
+	git svn fetch &&
+	git checkout remotes/trunk
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git svn branch tests' '
+	test_must_fail git svn branch a &&
+	git svn branch --parents a &&
+	test_must_fail git svn branch -t tag1 &&
+	git svn branch --parents -t tag1 &&
+	test_must_fail git svn branch --tag tag2 &&
+	git svn branch --parents --tag tag2 &&
+	test_must_fail git svn tag tag3 &&
+	git svn tag --parents tag3
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9200-git-cvsexportcommit.sh b/t/t9200-git-cvsexportcommit.sh
index b59be9a..3fb3368 100755
--- a/t/t9200-git-cvsexportcommit.sh
+++ b/t/t9200-git-cvsexportcommit.sh
@@ -19,14 +19,15 @@
     test_done
 fi
 
-CVSROOT=$PWD/cvsroot
+CVSROOT=$PWD/tmpcvsroot
 CVSWORK=$PWD/cvswork
 GIT_DIR=$PWD/.git
 export CVSROOT CVSWORK GIT_DIR
 
 rm -rf "$CVSROOT" "$CVSWORK"
-mkdir "$CVSROOT" &&
+
 cvs init &&
+test -d "$CVSROOT" &&
 cvs -Q co -d "$CVSWORK" . &&
 echo >empty &&
 git add empty &&
diff --git a/t/t9300-fast-import.sh b/t/t9300-fast-import.sh
index 2aa1824..ac6f3b6 100755
--- a/t/t9300-fast-import.sh
+++ b/t/t9300-fast-import.sh
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 # This could be written as "head -c $1", but IRIX "head" does not
 # support the -c option.
 head_c () {
-	perl -e '
+	"$PERL_PATH" -e '
 		my $len = $ARGV[1];
 		while ($len > 0) {
 			my $s;
@@ -49,14 +49,6 @@
 
 >empty
 
-test_expect_success 'setup: have pipes?' '
-	rm -f frob &&
-	if mkfifo frob
-	then
-		test_set_prereq PIPE
-	fi
-'
-
 ###
 ### series A
 ###
@@ -2117,7 +2109,7 @@
     grep :1 git.marks'
 
 test_expect_success \
-    'R: export-marks options can be overriden by commandline options' \
+    'R: export-marks options can be overridden by commandline options' \
     'cat input | git fast-import --export-marks=other.marks &&
     grep :1 other.marks'
 
diff --git a/t/t9350-fast-export.sh b/t/t9350-fast-export.sh
index b00196b..2471bc6 100755
--- a/t/t9350-fast-export.sh
+++ b/t/t9350-fast-export.sh
@@ -146,6 +146,12 @@
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'signed-tags=warn-strip' '
+	git fast-export --signed-tags=warn-strip sign-your-name >output 2>err &&
+	! grep PGP output &&
+	test -s err
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'setup submodule' '
 
 	git checkout -f master &&
@@ -303,7 +309,7 @@
 (
 	cd limit-by-paths &&
 	git fast-export --tag-of-filtered-object=drop mytag -- there > output &&
-	test_cmp output expected
+	test_cmp expected output
 )
 '
 
@@ -320,7 +326,7 @@
 (
 	cd limit-by-paths &&
 	git fast-export --tag-of-filtered-object=rewrite mytag -- there > output &&
-	test_cmp output expected
+	test_cmp expected output
 )
 '
 
@@ -351,7 +357,7 @@
 	(
 		cd limit-by-paths &&
 		git fast-export master~2..master~1 > output &&
-		test_cmp output expected
+		test_cmp expected output
 	)
 '
 
@@ -424,13 +430,13 @@
 		--cacheinfo 100644 $blob "path with \\backslash" \
 		--cacheinfo 100644 $blob "path with space" &&
 	 git commit -m addition &&
-	 git ls-files -z -s | perl -0pe "s{\\t}{$&subdir/}" >index &&
+	 git ls-files -z -s | "$PERL_PATH" -0pe "s{\\t}{$&subdir/}" >index &&
 	 git read-tree --empty &&
 	 git update-index -z --index-info <index &&
 	 git commit -m rename &&
 	 git read-tree --empty &&
 	 git commit -m deletion &&
-	 git fast-export HEAD >export.out &&
+	 git fast-export -M HEAD >export.out &&
 	 git rev-list HEAD >expect &&
 	 git init result &&
 	 cd result &&
@@ -440,4 +446,63 @@
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'test bidirectionality' '
+	>marks-cur &&
+	>marks-new &&
+	git init marks-test &&
+	git fast-export --export-marks=marks-cur --import-marks=marks-cur --branches | \
+	git --git-dir=marks-test/.git fast-import --export-marks=marks-new --import-marks=marks-new &&
+	(cd marks-test &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	echo Wohlauf > file &&
+	git commit -a -m "back in time") &&
+	git --git-dir=marks-test/.git fast-export --export-marks=marks-new --import-marks=marks-new --branches | \
+	git fast-import --export-marks=marks-cur --import-marks=marks-cur
+'
+
+cat > expected << EOF
+blob
+mark :13
+data 5
+bump
+
+commit refs/heads/master
+mark :14
+author A U Thor <author@example.com> 1112912773 -0700
+committer C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1112912773 -0700
+data 5
+bump
+from :12
+M 100644 :13 file
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'avoid uninteresting refs' '
+	> tmp-marks &&
+	git fast-export --import-marks=tmp-marks \
+		--export-marks=tmp-marks master > /dev/null &&
+	git tag v1.0 &&
+	git branch uninteresting &&
+	echo bump > file &&
+	git commit -a -m bump &&
+	git fast-export --import-marks=tmp-marks \
+		--export-marks=tmp-marks ^uninteresting ^v1.0 master > actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat > expected << EOF
+reset refs/heads/master
+from :14
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'refs are updated even if no commits need to be exported' '
+	> tmp-marks &&
+	git fast-export --import-marks=tmp-marks \
+		--export-marks=tmp-marks master > /dev/null &&
+	git fast-export --import-marks=tmp-marks \
+		--export-marks=tmp-marks master > actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t9400-git-cvsserver-server.sh b/t/t9400-git-cvsserver-server.sh
index 806623e..0431386 100755
--- a/t/t9400-git-cvsserver-server.sh
+++ b/t/t9400-git-cvsserver-server.sh
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 
 rm -rf "$CVSWORK" "$SERVERDIR"
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
+  git config push.default matching &&
   echo >empty &&
   git add empty &&
   git commit -q -m "First Commit" &&
@@ -400,7 +401,7 @@
 Line 0
 =======
 LINE 0
->>>>>>> merge.3
+>>>>>>> merge.1.3
 EOF
 
 for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
@@ -505,6 +506,76 @@
 '
 
 #------------
+# CVS LOG
+#------------
+
+# Known issues with git-cvsserver current log output:
+#  - Hard coded "lines: +2 -3" placeholder, instead of real numbers.
+#  - CVS normally does not internally add a blank first line
+#    nor a last line with nothing but a space to log messages.
+#  - The latest cvs 1.12.x server sends +0000 timezone (with some hidden "MT"
+#    tagging in the protocol), and if cvs 1.12.x client sees the MT tags,
+#    it converts to local time zone.  git-cvsserver doesn't do the +0000
+#    or the MT tags...
+#  - The latest 1.12.x releases add a "commitid:" field on to the end of the
+#    "date:" line (after "lines:").  Maybe we could stick git's commit id
+#    in it?  Or does CVS expect a certain number of bits (too few for
+#    a full sha1)?
+#
+# Given the above, expect the following test to break if git-cvsserver's
+# log output is improved.  The test is just to ensure it doesn't
+# accidentally get worse.
+
+sed -e 's/^x//' -e 's/SP$/ /' > "$WORKDIR/expect" <<EOF
+x
+xRCS file: $WORKDIR/gitcvs.git/master/merge,v
+xWorking file: merge
+xhead: 1.4
+xbranch:
+xlocks: strict
+xaccess list:
+xsymbolic names:
+xkeyword substitution: kv
+xtotal revisions: 4;	selected revisions: 4
+xdescription:
+x----------------------------
+xrevision 1.4
+xdate: __DATE__;  author: author;  state: Exp;  lines: +2 -3
+x
+xMerge test (no-op)
+xSP
+x----------------------------
+xrevision 1.3
+xdate: __DATE__;  author: author;  state: Exp;  lines: +2 -3
+x
+xMerge test (conflict)
+xSP
+x----------------------------
+xrevision 1.2
+xdate: __DATE__;  author: author;  state: Exp;  lines: +2 -3
+x
+xMerge test (merge)
+xSP
+x----------------------------
+xrevision 1.1
+xdate: __DATE__;  author: author;  state: Exp;  lines: +2 -3
+x
+xMerge test (pre-merge)
+xSP
+x=============================================================================
+EOF
+expectStat="$?"
+
+cd "$WORKDIR"
+test_expect_success 'cvs log' '
+    cd cvswork &&
+    test x"$expectStat" = x"0" &&
+    GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs log merge >../out &&
+    sed -e "s%2[0-9][0-9][0-9]/[01][0-9]/[0-3][0-9] [0-2][0-9]:[0-5][0-9]:[0-5][0-9]%__DATE__%" ../out > ../actual &&
+    test_cmp ../expect ../actual
+'
+
+#------------
 # CVS ANNOTATE
 #------------
 
diff --git a/t/t9401-git-cvsserver-crlf.sh b/t/t9401-git-cvsserver-crlf.sh
index ff6d6fb..8c3db76 100755
--- a/t/t9401-git-cvsserver-crlf.sh
+++ b/t/t9401-git-cvsserver-crlf.sh
@@ -38,6 +38,25 @@
     fi
 }
 
+check_status_options() {
+    (cd "$1" &&
+    GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs -Q status "$2" > "${WORKDIR}/status.out" 2>&1
+    )
+    if [ x"$?" != x"0" ] ; then
+	echo "Error from cvs status: $1 $2" >> "${WORKDIR}/marked.log"
+	return 1;
+    fi
+    got="$(sed -n -e 's/^[ 	]*Sticky Options:[ 	]*//p' "${WORKDIR}/status.out")"
+    expect="$3"
+    if [ x"$expect" = x"" ] ; then
+	expect="(none)"
+    fi
+    test x"$got" = x"$expect"
+    stat=$?
+    echo "cvs status: $1 $2 $stat '$3' '$got'" >> "${WORKDIR}/marked.log"
+    return $stat
+}
+
 cvs >/dev/null 2>&1
 if test $? -ne 1
 then
@@ -65,6 +84,7 @@
 
 rm -rf "$CVSWORK" "$SERVERDIR"
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
+    git config push.default matching &&
     echo "Simple text file" >textfile.c &&
     echo "File with embedded NUL: Q <- there" | q_to_nul > binfile.bin &&
     mkdir subdir &&
@@ -233,6 +253,22 @@
     marked_as cvswork2/subdir newfile.c ""
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'cvs status - sticky options' '
+    check_status_options cvswork2 textfile.c "" &&
+    check_status_options cvswork2 binfile.bin -kb &&
+    check_status_options cvswork2 .gitattributes "" &&
+    check_status_options cvswork2 mixedUp.c -kb &&
+    check_status_options cvswork2 multiline.c -kb &&
+    check_status_options cvswork2 multilineTxt.c "" &&
+    check_status_options cvswork2/subdir withCr.bin -kb &&
+    check_status_options cvswork2 subdir/withCr.bin -kb &&
+    check_status_options cvswork2/subdir file.h "" &&
+    check_status_options cvswork2 subdir/file.h "" &&
+    check_status_options cvswork2/subdir unspecified.other "" &&
+    check_status_options cvswork2/subdir newfile.bin "" &&
+    check_status_options cvswork2/subdir newfile.c ""
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'add text (guess)' '
     (cd cvswork &&
     echo "simpleText" > simpleText.c &&
diff --git a/t/t9402-git-cvsserver-refs.sh b/t/t9402-git-cvsserver-refs.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..735a018
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9402-git-cvsserver-refs.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,551 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git-cvsserver and git refspecs
+
+tests ability for git-cvsserver to switch between and compare
+tags, branches and other git refspecs'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+#########
+
+check_start_tree() {
+	rm -f "$WORKDIR/list.expected"
+	echo "start $1" >>"${WORKDIR}/check.log"
+}
+
+check_file() {
+	sandbox="$1"
+	file="$2"
+	ver="$3"
+	GIT_DIR=$SERVERDIR git show "${ver}:${file}" \
+		>"$WORKDIR/check.got" 2>"$WORKDIR/check.stderr"
+	test_cmp "$WORKDIR/check.got" "$sandbox/$file"
+	stat=$?
+	echo "check_file $sandbox $file $ver : $stat" >>"$WORKDIR/check.log"
+	echo "$file" >>"$WORKDIR/list.expected"
+	return $stat
+}
+
+check_end_tree() {
+	sandbox="$1" &&
+	find "$sandbox" -name CVS -prune -o -type f -print >"$WORKDIR/list.actual" &&
+	sort <"$WORKDIR/list.expected" >expected &&
+	sort <"$WORKDIR/list.actual" | sed -e "s%cvswork/%%" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	rm expected actual
+}
+
+check_end_full_tree() {
+	sandbox="$1" &&
+	sort <"$WORKDIR/list.expected" >expected &&
+	find "$sandbox" -name CVS -prune -o -type f -print |
+	sed -e "s%$sandbox/%%" | sort >act1 &&
+	test_cmp expected act1 &&
+	git ls-tree --name-only -r "$2" | sort >act2 &&
+	test_cmp expected act2 &&
+	rm expected act1 act2
+}
+
+#########
+
+check_diff() {
+	diffFile="$1"
+	vOld="$2"
+	vNew="$3"
+	rm -rf diffSandbox
+	git clone -q -n . diffSandbox &&
+	(
+		cd diffSandbox &&
+		git checkout "$vOld" &&
+		git apply -p0 --index <"../$diffFile" &&
+		git diff --exit-code "$vNew"
+	) >check_diff_apply.out 2>&1
+}
+
+#########
+
+cvs >/dev/null 2>&1
+if test $? -ne 1
+then
+	skip_all='skipping git-cvsserver tests, cvs not found'
+	test_done
+fi
+if ! test_have_prereq PERL
+then
+	skip_all='skipping git-cvsserver tests, perl not available'
+	test_done
+fi
+"$PERL_PATH" -e 'use DBI; use DBD::SQLite' >/dev/null 2>&1 || {
+	skip_all='skipping git-cvsserver tests, Perl SQLite interface unavailable'
+	test_done
+}
+
+unset GIT_DIR GIT_CONFIG
+WORKDIR=$(pwd)
+SERVERDIR=$(pwd)/gitcvs.git
+git_config="$SERVERDIR/config"
+CVSROOT=":fork:$SERVERDIR"
+CVSWORK="$(pwd)/cvswork"
+CVS_SERVER=git-cvsserver
+export CVSROOT CVS_SERVER
+
+rm -rf "$CVSWORK" "$SERVERDIR"
+test_expect_success 'setup v1, b1' '
+	echo "Simple text file" >textfile.c &&
+	echo "t2" >t2 &&
+	mkdir adir &&
+	echo "adir/afile line1" >adir/afile &&
+	echo "adir/afile line2" >>adir/afile &&
+	echo "adir/afile line3" >>adir/afile &&
+	echo "adir/afile line4" >>adir/afile &&
+	echo "adir/a2file" >>adir/a2file &&
+	mkdir adir/bdir &&
+	echo "adir/bdir/bfile line 1" >adir/bdir/bfile &&
+	echo "adir/bdir/bfile line 2" >>adir/bdir/bfile &&
+	echo "adir/bdir/b2file" >adir/bdir/b2file &&
+	git add textfile.c t2 adir &&
+	git commit -q -m "First Commit (v1)" &&
+	git tag v1 &&
+	git branch b1 &&
+	git clone -q --bare "$WORKDIR/.git" "$SERVERDIR" >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
+	GIT_DIR="$SERVERDIR" git config --bool gitcvs.enabled true &&
+	GIT_DIR="$SERVERDIR" git config gitcvs.logfile "$SERVERDIR/gitcvs.log"
+'
+
+rm -rf cvswork
+test_expect_success 'cvs co v1' '
+	cvs -f -Q co -r v1 -d cvswork master >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b2file v1 &&
+	check_end_tree cvswork
+'
+
+rm -rf cvswork
+test_expect_success 'cvs co b1' '
+	cvs -f co -r b1 -d cvswork master >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b2file v1 &&
+	check_end_tree cvswork
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs co b1 [cvswork3]' '
+	cvs -f co -r b1 -d cvswork3 master >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork3 &&
+	check_file cvswork3 textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork3 t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/afile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/a2file v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/bdir/bfile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/bdir/b2file v1 &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork3 v1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'edit cvswork3 and save diff' '
+	(
+		cd cvswork3 &&
+		sed -e "s/line1/line1 - data/" adir/afile >adir/afileNEW &&
+		mv -f adir/afileNEW adir/afile &&
+		echo "afile5" >adir/afile5 &&
+		rm t2 &&
+		cvs -f add adir/afile5 &&
+		cvs -f rm t2 &&
+		! cvs -f diff -N -u >"$WORKDIR/cvswork3edit.diff"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup v1.2 on b1' '
+	git checkout b1 &&
+	echo "new v1.2" >t3 &&
+	rm t2 &&
+	sed -e "s/line3/line3 - more data/" adir/afile >adir/afileNEW &&
+	mv -f adir/afileNEW adir/afile &&
+	rm adir/a2file &&
+	echo "a3file" >>adir/a3file &&
+	echo "bfile line 3" >>adir/bdir/bfile &&
+	rm adir/bdir/b2file &&
+	echo "b3file" >adir/bdir/b3file &&
+	mkdir cdir &&
+	echo "cdir/cfile" >cdir/cfile &&
+	git add -A cdir adir t3 t2 &&
+	git commit -q -m 'v1.2' &&
+	git tag v1.2 &&
+	git push --tags gitcvs.git b1:b1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs -f up (on b1 adir)' '
+	( cd cvswork/adir && cvs -f up -d ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a3file v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b3file v1.2 &&
+	check_end_tree cvswork
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs up (on b1 /)' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up -d ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork t3 v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a3file v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b3file v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork cdir/cfile v1.2 &&
+	check_end_tree cvswork
+'
+
+# Make sure "CVS/Tag" files didn't get messed up:
+test_expect_success 'cvs up (on b1 /) (again; check CVS/Tag files)' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up -d ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork t3 v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a3file v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b3file v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork cdir/cfile v1.2 &&
+	check_end_tree cvswork
+'
+
+# update to another version:
+test_expect_success 'cvs up -r v1' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up -r v1 ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b2file v1 &&
+	check_end_tree cvswork
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs up' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b2file v1 &&
+	check_end_tree cvswork
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs up (again; check CVS/Tag files)' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up -d ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b2file v1 &&
+	check_end_tree cvswork
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup simple b2' '
+	git branch b2 v1 &&
+	git push --tags gitcvs.git b2:b2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs co b2 [into cvswork2]' '
+	cvs -f co -r b2 -d cvswork2 master >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b2file v1 &&
+	check_end_tree cvswork
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'root dir edit [cvswork2]' '
+	(
+		cd cvswork2 && echo "Line 2" >>textfile.c &&
+		! cvs -f diff -u >"$WORKDIR/cvsEdit1.diff" &&
+		cvs -f commit -m "edit textfile.c" textfile.c
+	) >cvsEdit1.log 2>&1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'root dir rm file [cvswork2]' '
+	(
+		cd cvswork2 &&
+		cvs -f rm -f t2 &&
+		cvs -f diff -u >../cvsEdit2-empty.diff &&
+		! cvs -f diff -N -u >"$WORKDIR/cvsEdit2-N.diff" &&
+		cvs -f commit -m "rm t2"
+	) >cvsEdit2.log 2>&1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'subdir edit/add/rm files [cvswork2]' '
+	(
+		cd cvswork2 &&
+		sed -e "s/line 1/line 1 (v2)/" adir/bdir/bfile >adir/bdir/bfileNEW &&
+		mv -f adir/bdir/bfileNEW adir/bdir/bfile &&
+		rm adir/bdir/b2file &&
+		cd adir &&
+		cvs -f rm bdir/b2file &&
+		echo "4th file" >bdir/b4file &&
+		cvs -f add bdir/b4file &&
+		! cvs -f diff -N -u >"$WORKDIR/cvsEdit3.diff" &&
+		git fetch gitcvs.git b2:b2 &&
+		(
+		  cd .. &&
+		  ! cvs -f diff -u -N -r v1.2 >"$WORKDIR/cvsEdit3-v1.2.diff" &&
+		  ! cvs -f diff -u -N -r v1.2 -r v1 >"$WORKDIR/cvsEdit3-v1.2-v1.diff"
+		) &&
+		cvs -f commit -m "various add/rm/edit"
+	) >cvs.log 2>&1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'validate result of edits [cvswork2]' '
+	git fetch gitcvs.git b2:b2 &&
+	git tag v2 b2 &&
+	git push --tags gitcvs.git b2:b2 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork2 &&
+	check_file cvswork2 textfile.c v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork2 adir/afile v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork2 adir/a2file v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork2 adir/bdir/bfile v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork2 adir/bdir/b4file v2 &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork2 v2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'validate basic diffs saved during above cvswork2 edits' '
+	test $(grep Index: cvsEdit1.diff | wc -l) = 1 &&
+	test ! -s cvsEdit2-empty.diff &&
+	test $(grep Index: cvsEdit2-N.diff | wc -l) = 1 &&
+	test $(grep Index: cvsEdit3.diff | wc -l) = 3 &&
+	rm -rf diffSandbox &&
+	git clone -q -n . diffSandbox &&
+	(
+		cd diffSandbox &&
+		git checkout v1 &&
+		git apply -p0 --index <"$WORKDIR/cvsEdit1.diff" &&
+		git apply -p0 --index <"$WORKDIR/cvsEdit2-N.diff" &&
+		git apply -p0 --directory=adir --index <"$WORKDIR/cvsEdit3.diff" &&
+		git diff --exit-code v2
+	) >"check_diff_apply.out" 2>&1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'validate v1.2 diff saved during last cvswork2 edit' '
+	test $(grep Index: cvsEdit3-v1.2.diff | wc -l) = 9 &&
+	check_diff cvsEdit3-v1.2.diff v1.2 v2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'validate v1.2 v1 diff saved during last cvswork2 edit' '
+	test $(grep Index: cvsEdit3-v1.2-v1.diff | wc -l) = 9 &&
+	check_diff cvsEdit3-v1.2-v1.diff v1.2 v1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs up [cvswork2]' '
+	( cd cvswork2 && cvs -f up ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork2 &&
+	check_file cvswork2 textfile.c v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork2 adir/afile v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork2 adir/a2file v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork2 adir/bdir/bfile v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork2 adir/bdir/b4file v2 &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork2 v2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs up -r b2 [back to cvswork]' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up -r b2 ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b4file v2 &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork v2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs up -r b1' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up -r b1 ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork t3 v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a3file v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b3file v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork cdir/cfile v1.2 &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork v1.2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs up -A' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up -A ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b2file v1 &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork v1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs up (check CVS/Tag files)' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b2file v1 &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork v1
+'
+
+# This is not really legal CVS, but it seems to work anyway:
+test_expect_success 'cvs up -r heads/b1' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up -r heads/b1 ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork t3 v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a3file v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b3file v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork cdir/cfile v1.2 &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork v1.2
+'
+
+# But this should work even if CVS client checks -r more carefully:
+test_expect_success 'cvs up -r heads_-s-b2 (cvsserver escape mechanism)' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up -r heads_-s-b2 ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b4file v2 &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork v2
+'
+
+v1hash=$(git rev-parse v1)
+test_expect_success 'cvs up -r $(git rev-parse v1)' '
+	test -n "$v1hash" &&
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up -r "$v1hash" ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b2file v1 &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork v1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs diff -r v1 -u' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f diff -r v1 -u ) >cvsDiff.out 2>cvs.log &&
+	test ! -s cvsDiff.out &&
+	test ! -s cvs.log
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs diff -N -r v2 -u' '
+	( cd cvswork && ! cvs -f diff -N -r v2 -u ) >cvsDiff.out 2>cvs.log &&
+	test ! -s cvs.log &&
+	test -s cvsDiff.out &&
+	check_diff cvsDiff.out v2 v1 >check_diff.out 2>&1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs diff -N -r v2 -r v1.2' '
+	( cd cvswork && ! cvs -f diff -N -r v2 -r v1.2 -u ) >cvsDiff.out 2>cvs.log &&
+	test ! -s cvs.log &&
+	test -s cvsDiff.out &&
+	check_diff cvsDiff.out v2 v1.2 >check_diff.out 2>&1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply early [cvswork3] diff to b3' '
+	git clone -q . gitwork3 &&
+	(
+		cd gitwork3 &&
+		git checkout -b b3 v1 &&
+		git apply -p0 --index <"$WORKDIR/cvswork3edit.diff" &&
+		git commit -m "cvswork3 edits applied"
+	) &&
+	git fetch gitwork3 b3:b3 &&
+	git tag v3 b3
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check [cvswork3] diff' '
+	( cd cvswork3 && ! cvs -f diff -N -u ) >"$WORKDIR/cvsDiff.out" 2>cvs.log &&
+	test ! -s cvs.log &&
+	test -s cvsDiff.out &&
+	test $(grep Index: cvsDiff.out | wc -l) = 3 &&
+	test_cmp cvsDiff.out cvswork3edit.diff &&
+	check_diff cvsDiff.out v1 v3 >check_diff.out 2>&1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge early [cvswork3] b3 with b1' '
+	( cd gitwork3 && git merge "message" HEAD b1 ) &&
+	git fetch gitwork3 b3:b3 &&
+	git tag v3merged b3 &&
+	git push --tags gitcvs.git b3:b3
+'
+
+# This test would fail if cvsserver properly created a ".#afile"* file
+# for the merge.
+# TODO: Validate that the .# file was saved properly, and then
+#   delete/ignore it when checking the tree.
+test_expect_success 'cvs up dirty [cvswork3]' '
+	(
+		cd cvswork3 &&
+		cvs -f up &&
+		! cvs -f diff -N -u >"$WORKDIR/cvsDiff.out"
+	) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	test -s cvsDiff.out &&
+	test $(grep Index: cvsDiff.out | wc -l) = 2 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork3 &&
+	check_file cvswork3 textfile.c v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 t3 v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/afile v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/a3file v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/afile5 v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/bdir/bfile v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/bdir/b3file v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 cdir/cfile v3merged &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork3 v3merged
+'
+
+# TODO: test cvs status
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs commit [cvswork3]' '
+	(
+		cd cvswork3 &&
+		cvs -f commit -m "dirty sandbox after auto-merge"
+	) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork3 &&
+	check_file cvswork3 textfile.c v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 t3 v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/afile v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/a3file v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/afile5 v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/bdir/bfile v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/bdir/b3file v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 cdir/cfile v3merged &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork3 v3merged &&
+	git fetch gitcvs.git b3:b4 &&
+	git tag v4.1 b4 &&
+	git diff --exit-code v4.1 v3merged >check_diff_apply.out 2>&1
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9500-gitweb-standalone-no-errors.sh b/t/t9500-gitweb-standalone-no-errors.sh
index 90bb605..6783c14 100755
--- a/t/t9500-gitweb-standalone-no-errors.sh
+++ b/t/t9500-gitweb-standalone-no-errors.sh
@@ -539,8 +539,7 @@
 	 test_when_finished "GIT_COMMITTER_NAME=\"C O Mitter\"" &&
 	 echo "ISO-8859-1" >> file &&
 	 git add file &&
-	 git config i18n.commitencoding ISO-8859-1 &&
-	 test_when_finished "git config --unset i18n.commitencoding" &&
+	 test_config i18n.commitencoding ISO-8859-1 &&
 	 git commit -F "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3900/ISO8859-1.txt &&
 	 gitweb_run "p=.git;a=commit"'
 
diff --git a/t/t9501-gitweb-standalone-http-status.sh b/t/t9501-gitweb-standalone-http-status.sh
index ef86948..d3a5bac 100755
--- a/t/t9501-gitweb-standalone-http-status.sh
+++ b/t/t9501-gitweb-standalone-http-status.sh
@@ -130,7 +130,8 @@
 test_debug 'cat gitweb.headers'
 
 test_expect_success DATE_PARSER 'modification: feed if-modified-since (modified)' '
-	export HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE="Wed, 6 Apr 2005 22:14:13 +0000" &&
+	HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE="Wed, 6 Apr 2005 22:14:13 +0000" &&
+	export HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE &&
 	test_when_finished "unset HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE" &&
 	gitweb_run "p=.git;a=atom;h=master" &&
 	grep "Status: 200 OK" gitweb.headers
@@ -138,7 +139,8 @@
 test_debug 'cat gitweb.headers'
 
 test_expect_success DATE_PARSER 'modification: feed if-modified-since (unmodified)' '
-	export HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE="Thu, 7 Apr 2005 22:14:13 +0000" &&
+	HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE="Thu, 7 Apr 2005 22:14:13 +0000" &&
+	export HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE &&
 	test_when_finished "unset HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE" &&
 	gitweb_run "p=.git;a=atom;h=master" &&
 	grep "Status: 304 Not Modified" gitweb.headers
@@ -153,7 +155,8 @@
 test_debug 'cat gitweb.headers'
 
 test_expect_success DATE_PARSER 'modification: snapshot if-modified-since (modified)' '
-	export HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE="Wed, 6 Apr 2005 22:14:13 +0000" &&
+	HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE="Wed, 6 Apr 2005 22:14:13 +0000" &&
+	export HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE &&
 	test_when_finished "unset HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE" &&
 	gitweb_run "p=.git;a=snapshot;h=master;sf=tgz" &&
 	grep "Status: 200 OK" gitweb.headers
@@ -161,7 +164,8 @@
 test_debug 'cat gitweb.headers'
 
 test_expect_success DATE_PARSER 'modification: snapshot if-modified-since (unmodified)' '
-	export HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE="Thu, 7 Apr 2005 22:14:13 +0000" &&
+	HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE="Thu, 7 Apr 2005 22:14:13 +0000" &&
+	export HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE &&
 	test_when_finished "unset HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE" &&
 	gitweb_run "p=.git;a=snapshot;h=master;sf=tgz" &&
 	grep "Status: 304 Not Modified" gitweb.headers
@@ -170,7 +174,8 @@
 
 test_expect_success DATE_PARSER 'modification: tree snapshot' '
 	ID=`git rev-parse --verify HEAD^{tree}` &&
-	export HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE="Wed, 6 Apr 2005 22:14:13 +0000" &&
+	HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE="Wed, 6 Apr 2005 22:14:13 +0000" &&
+	export HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE &&
 	test_when_finished "unset HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE" &&
 	gitweb_run "p=.git;a=snapshot;h=$ID;sf=tgz" &&
 	grep "Status: 200 OK" gitweb.headers &&
diff --git a/t/t9502-gitweb-standalone-parse-output.sh b/t/t9502-gitweb-standalone-parse-output.sh
index 731e64c..86dfee2 100755
--- a/t/t9502-gitweb-standalone-parse-output.sh
+++ b/t/t9502-gitweb-standalone-parse-output.sh
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
 	echo "basename=$basename"
 	grep "filename=.*$basename.tar" gitweb.headers >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
 	"$TAR" tf gitweb.body >file_list &&
-	! grep -v "^$prefix/" file_list
+	! grep -v -e "^$prefix$" -e "^$prefix/" -e "^pax_global_header$" file_list
 }
 
 test_expect_success setup '
@@ -185,5 +185,20 @@
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+xss() {
+	echo >&2 "Checking $1..." &&
+	gitweb_run "$1" &&
+	if grep "$TAG" gitweb.body; then
+		echo >&2 "xss: $TAG should have been quoted in output"
+		return 1
+	fi
+	return 0
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'xss checks' '
+	TAG="<magic-xss-tag>" &&
+	xss "a=rss&p=$TAG" &&
+	xss "a=rss&p=foo.git&f=$TAG"
+'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t9604-cvsimport-timestamps.sh b/t/t9604-cvsimport-timestamps.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1fd5142
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9604-cvsimport-timestamps.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git cvsimport timestamps'
+. ./lib-cvs.sh
+
+setup_cvs_test_repository t9604
+
+test_expect_success 'check timestamps are UTC (TZ=CST6CDT)' '
+
+	TZ=CST6CDT git cvsimport -p"-x" -C module-1 module &&
+	git cvsimport -p"-x" -C module-1 module &&
+	(
+		cd module-1 &&
+		git log --format="%s %ai"
+	) >actual-1 &&
+	cat >expect-1 <<-EOF &&
+	Rev 16 2006-10-29 07:00:01 +0000
+	Rev 15 2006-10-29 06:59:59 +0000
+	Rev 14 2006-04-02 08:00:01 +0000
+	Rev 13 2006-04-02 07:59:59 +0000
+	Rev 12 2005-12-01 00:00:00 +0000
+	Rev 11 2005-11-01 00:00:00 +0000
+	Rev 10 2005-10-01 00:00:00 +0000
+	Rev  9 2005-09-01 00:00:00 +0000
+	Rev  8 2005-08-01 00:00:00 +0000
+	Rev  7 2005-07-01 00:00:00 +0000
+	Rev  6 2005-06-01 00:00:00 +0000
+	Rev  5 2005-05-01 00:00:00 +0000
+	Rev  4 2005-04-01 00:00:00 +0000
+	Rev  3 2005-03-01 00:00:00 +0000
+	Rev  2 2005-02-01 00:00:00 +0000
+	Rev  1 2005-01-01 00:00:00 +0000
+	EOF
+	test_cmp actual-1 expect-1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check timestamps with author-specific timezones' '
+
+	cat >cvs-authors <<-EOF &&
+	user1=User One <user1@domain.org>
+	user2=User Two <user2@domain.org> CST6CDT
+	user3=User Three <user3@domain.org> EST5EDT
+	user4=User Four <user4@domain.org> MST7MDT
+	EOF
+	git cvsimport -p"-x" -A cvs-authors -C module-2 module &&
+	(
+		cd module-2 &&
+		git log --format="%s %ai %an"
+	) >actual-2 &&
+	cat >expect-2 <<-EOF &&
+	Rev 16 2006-10-29 01:00:01 -0600 User Two
+	Rev 15 2006-10-29 01:59:59 -0500 User Two
+	Rev 14 2006-04-02 03:00:01 -0500 User Two
+	Rev 13 2006-04-02 01:59:59 -0600 User Two
+	Rev 12 2005-11-30 17:00:00 -0700 User Four
+	Rev 11 2005-10-31 19:00:00 -0500 User Three
+	Rev 10 2005-09-30 19:00:00 -0500 User Two
+	Rev  9 2005-09-01 00:00:00 +0000 User One
+	Rev  8 2005-07-31 18:00:00 -0600 User Four
+	Rev  7 2005-06-30 20:00:00 -0400 User Three
+	Rev  6 2005-05-31 19:00:00 -0500 User Two
+	Rev  5 2005-05-01 00:00:00 +0000 User One
+	Rev  4 2005-03-31 17:00:00 -0700 User Four
+	Rev  3 2005-02-28 19:00:00 -0500 User Three
+	Rev  2 2005-01-31 18:00:00 -0600 User Two
+	Rev  1 2005-01-01 00:00:00 +0000 User One
+	EOF
+	test_cmp actual-2 expect-2
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9604/cvsroot/.gitattributes b/t/t9604/cvsroot/.gitattributes
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..562b12e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9604/cvsroot/.gitattributes
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+* -whitespace
diff --git a/t/t9604/cvsroot/CVSROOT/.gitignore b/t/t9604/cvsroot/CVSROOT/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3bb9b34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9604/cvsroot/CVSROOT/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+history
+val-tags
diff --git a/t/t9604/cvsroot/module/a,v b/t/t9604/cvsroot/module/a,v
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..80658c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9604/cvsroot/module/a,v
@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+head	1.16;
+access;
+symbols;
+locks; strict;
+comment	@# @;
+
+
+1.16
+date	2006.10.29.07.00.01;	author user2;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.15;
+
+1.15
+date	2006.10.29.06.59.59;	author user2;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.14;
+
+1.14
+date	2006.04.02.08.00.01;	author user2;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.13;
+
+1.13
+date	2006.04.02.07.59.59;	author user2;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.12;
+
+1.12
+date	2005.12.01.00.00.00;	author user4;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.11;
+
+1.11
+date	2005.11.01.00.00.00;	author user3;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.10;
+
+1.10
+date	2005.10.01.00.00.00;	author user2;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.9;
+
+1.9
+date	2005.09.01.00.00.00;	author user1;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.8;
+
+1.8
+date	2005.08.01.00.00.00;	author user4;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.7;
+
+1.7
+date	2005.07.01.00.00.00;	author user3;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.6;
+
+1.6
+date	2005.06.01.00.00.00;	author user2;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.5;
+
+1.5
+date	2005.05.01.00.00.00;	author user1;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.4;
+
+1.4
+date	2005.04.01.00.00.00;	author user4;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.3;
+
+1.3
+date	2005.03.01.00.00.00;	author user3;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.2;
+
+1.2
+date	2005.02.01.00.00.00;	author user2;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.1;
+
+1.1
+date	2005.01.01.00.00.00;	author user1;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	;
+
+
+desc
+@@
+
+
+1.16
+log
+@Rev 16
+@
+text
+@Rev 16
+@
+
+
+1.15
+log
+@Rev 15
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+Rev 15
+@
+
+
+1.14
+log
+@Rev 14
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+Rev 14
+@
+
+
+1.13
+log
+@Rev 13
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+Rev 13
+@
+
+
+1.12
+log
+@Rev 12
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+Rev 12
+@
+
+
+1.11
+log
+@Rev 11
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+Rev 11
+@
+
+
+1.10
+log
+@Rev 10
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+Rev 10
+@
+
+
+1.9
+log
+@Rev  9
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+Rev 9
+@
+
+
+1.8
+log
+@Rev  8
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+Rev 8
+@
+
+
+1.7
+log
+@Rev  7
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+Rev 7
+@
+
+
+1.6
+log
+@Rev  6
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+Rev 6
+@
+
+
+1.5
+log
+@Rev  5
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+Rev 5
+@
+
+
+1.4
+log
+@Rev  4
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+Rev 4
+@
+
+
+1.3
+log
+@Rev  3
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+Rev 3
+@
+
+
+1.2
+log
+@Rev  2
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+Rev 2
+@
+
+
+1.1
+log
+@Rev  1
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+Rev 1
+@
diff --git a/t/t9700/test.pl b/t/t9700/test.pl
index 3b9b484..1140767 100755
--- a/t/t9700/test.pl
+++ b/t/t9700/test.pl
@@ -45,9 +45,9 @@
 # Failure cases for config:
 # Save and restore STDERR; we will probably extract this into a
 # "dies_ok" method and possibly move the STDERR handling to Git.pm.
-open our $tmpstderr, ">&STDERR" or die "cannot save STDERR"; close STDERR;
-eval { $r->config("test.dupstring") };
-ok($@, "config: duplicate entry in scalar context fails");
+open our $tmpstderr, ">&STDERR" or die "cannot save STDERR";
+open STDERR, ">", "/dev/null" or die "cannot redirect STDERR to /dev/null";
+is($r->config("test.dupstring"), "value2", "config: multivar");
 eval { $r->config_bool("test.boolother") };
 ok($@, "config_bool: non-boolean values fail");
 open STDERR, ">&", $tmpstderr or die "cannot restore STDERR";
diff --git a/t/t9800-git-p4-basic.sh b/t/t9800-git-p4-basic.sh
index 0f410c4..665607c 100755
--- a/t/t9800-git-p4-basic.sh
+++ b/t/t9800-git-p4-basic.sh
@@ -30,6 +30,11 @@
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'depot typo error' '
+	test_must_fail git p4 clone --dest="$git" /depot 2>errs &&
+	grep "Depot paths must start with" errs
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'git p4 clone @all' '
 	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
@@ -45,7 +50,8 @@
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
-		test_must_fail git p4 sync
+		test_must_fail git p4 sync 2>errs &&
+		test_i18ngrep "Perhaps you never did" errs
 	)
 '
 
@@ -126,292 +132,48 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'exit when p4 fails to produce marshaled output' '
-	badp4dir="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/badp4dir" &&
-	mkdir "$badp4dir" &&
-	test_when_finished "rm \"$badp4dir/p4\" && rmdir \"$badp4dir\"" &&
-	cat >"$badp4dir"/p4 <<-EOF &&
+	mkdir badp4dir &&
+	test_when_finished "rm badp4dir/p4 && rmdir badp4dir" &&
+	cat >badp4dir/p4 <<-EOF &&
 	#!$SHELL_PATH
 	exit 1
 	EOF
-	chmod 755 "$badp4dir"/p4 &&
-	PATH="$badp4dir:$PATH" git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot >errs 2>&1 ; retval=$? &&
-	test $retval -eq 1 &&
-	test_must_fail grep -q Traceback errs
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'add p4 files with wildcards in the names' '
+	chmod 755 badp4dir/p4 &&
 	(
-		cd "$cli" &&
-		echo file-wild-hash >file-wild#hash &&
-		echo file-wild-star >file-wild\*star &&
-		echo file-wild-at >file-wild@at &&
-		echo file-wild-percent >file-wild%percent &&
-		p4 add -f file-wild* &&
-		p4 submit -d "file wildcards"
-	)
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'wildcard files git p4 clone' '
-	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
-	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	(
-		cd "$git" &&
-		test -f file-wild#hash &&
-		test -f file-wild\*star &&
-		test -f file-wild@at &&
-		test -f file-wild%percent
-	)
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'wildcard files submit back to p4, add' '
-	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
-	(
-		cd "$git" &&
-		echo git-wild-hash >git-wild#hash &&
-		echo git-wild-star >git-wild\*star &&
-		echo git-wild-at >git-wild@at &&
-		echo git-wild-percent >git-wild%percent &&
-		git add git-wild* &&
-		git commit -m "add some wildcard filenames" &&
-		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
-		git p4 submit
+		PATH="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/badp4dir:$PATH" &&
+		export PATH &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot >errs 2>&1
 	) &&
-	(
-		cd "$cli" &&
-		test_path_is_file git-wild#hash &&
-		test_path_is_file git-wild\*star &&
-		test_path_is_file git-wild@at &&
-		test_path_is_file git-wild%percent
-	)
+	cat errs &&
+	! test_i18ngrep Traceback errs
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'wildcard files submit back to p4, modify' '
+# Hide a file from p4d, make sure we catch its complaint.  This won't fail in
+# p4 changes, files, or describe; just in p4 print.  If P4CLIENT is unset, the
+# message will include "Librarian checkout".
+test_expect_success 'exit gracefully for p4 server errors' '
+	test_when_finished "mv \"$db\"/depot/file1,v,hidden \"$db\"/depot/file1,v" &&
+	mv "$db"/depot/file1,v "$db"/depot/file1,v,hidden &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
-	(
-		cd "$git" &&
-		echo new-line >>git-wild#hash &&
-		echo new-line >>git-wild\*star &&
-		echo new-line >>git-wild@at &&
-		echo new-line >>git-wild%percent &&
-		git add git-wild* &&
-		git commit -m "modify the wildcard files" &&
-		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
-		git p4 submit
-	) &&
-	(
-		cd "$cli" &&
-		test_line_count = 2 git-wild#hash &&
-		test_line_count = 2 git-wild\*star &&
-		test_line_count = 2 git-wild@at &&
-		test_line_count = 2 git-wild%percent
-	)
+	test_expect_code 1 git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot@1 >out 2>err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Error from p4 print" err
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'wildcard files submit back to p4, copy' '
-	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
-	(
-		cd "$git" &&
-		cp file2 git-wild-cp#hash &&
-		git add git-wild-cp#hash &&
-		cp git-wild\*star file-wild-3 &&
-		git add file-wild-3 &&
-		git commit -m "wildcard copies" &&
-		git config git-p4.detectCopies true &&
-		git config git-p4.detectCopiesHarder true &&
-		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
-		git p4 submit
-	) &&
-	(
-		cd "$cli" &&
-		test_path_is_file git-wild-cp#hash &&
-		test_path_is_file file-wild-3
-	)
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'wildcard files submit back to p4, rename' '
-	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
-	(
-		cd "$git" &&
-		git mv git-wild@at file-wild-4 &&
-		git mv file-wild-3 git-wild-cp%percent &&
-		git commit -m "wildcard renames" &&
-		git config git-p4.detectRenames true &&
-		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
-		git p4 submit
-	) &&
-	(
-		cd "$cli" &&
-		test_path_is_missing git-wild@at &&
-		test_path_is_file git-wild-cp%percent
-	)
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'wildcard files submit back to p4, delete' '
-	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
-	(
-		cd "$git" &&
-		git rm git-wild* &&
-		git commit -m "delete the wildcard files" &&
-		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
-		git p4 submit
-	) &&
-	(
-		cd "$cli" &&
-		test_path_is_missing git-wild#hash &&
-		test_path_is_missing git-wild\*star &&
-		test_path_is_missing git-wild@at &&
-		test_path_is_missing git-wild%percent
-	)
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'clone bare' '
+test_expect_success 'clone --bare should make a bare repository' '
+	rm -rf "$git" &&
 	git p4 clone --dest="$git" --bare //depot &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
-		test ! -d .git &&
-		bare=`git config --get core.bare` &&
-		test "$bare" = true
+		test_path_is_missing .git &&
+		git config --get --bool core.bare true &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/p4/master &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/p4/HEAD &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/master &&
+		git rev-parse --verify HEAD
 	)
 '
 
-p4_add_user() {
-	name=$1 fullname=$2 &&
-	p4 user -f -i <<-EOF &&
-	User: $name
-	Email: $name@localhost
-	FullName: $fullname
-	EOF
-	p4 passwd -P secret $name
-}
-
-p4_grant_admin() {
-	name=$1 &&
-	{
-		p4 protect -o &&
-		echo "    admin user $name * //depot/..."
-	} | p4 protect -i
-}
-
-p4_check_commit_author() {
-	file=$1 user=$2 &&
-	p4 changes -m 1 //depot/$file | grep -q $user
-}
-
-make_change_by_user() {
-	file=$1 name=$2 email=$3 &&
-	echo "username: a change by $name" >>"$file" &&
-	git add "$file" &&
-	git commit --author "$name <$email>" -m "a change by $name"
-}
-
-# Test username support, submitting as user 'alice'
-test_expect_success 'preserve users' '
-	p4_add_user alice Alice &&
-	p4_add_user bob Bob &&
-	p4_grant_admin alice &&
-	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
-	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	(
-		cd "$git" &&
-		echo "username: a change by alice" >>file1 &&
-		echo "username: a change by bob" >>file2 &&
-		git commit --author "Alice <alice@localhost>" -m "a change by alice" file1 &&
-		git commit --author "Bob <bob@localhost>" -m "a change by bob" file2 &&
-		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEditCheck true &&
-		P4EDITOR=touch P4USER=alice P4PASSWD=secret git p4 commit --preserve-user &&
-		p4_check_commit_author file1 alice &&
-		p4_check_commit_author file2 bob
-	)
-'
-
-# Test username support, submitting as bob, who lacks admin rights. Should
-# not submit change to p4 (git diff should show deltas).
-test_expect_success 'refuse to preserve users without perms' '
-	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
-	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	(
-		cd "$git" &&
-		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEditCheck true &&
-		echo "username-noperms: a change by alice" >>file1 &&
-		git commit --author "Alice <alice@localhost>" -m "perms: a change by alice" file1 &&
-		P4EDITOR=touch P4USER=bob P4PASSWD=secret &&
-		export P4EDITOR P4USER P4PASSWD &&
-		test_must_fail git p4 commit --preserve-user &&
-		! git diff --exit-code HEAD..p4/master
-	)
-'
-
-# What happens with unknown author? Without allowMissingP4Users it should fail.
-test_expect_success 'preserve user where author is unknown to p4' '
-	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
-	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	(
-		cd "$git" &&
-		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEditCheck true &&
-		echo "username-bob: a change by bob" >>file1 &&
-		git commit --author "Bob <bob@localhost>" -m "preserve: a change by bob" file1 &&
-		echo "username-unknown: a change by charlie" >>file1 &&
-		git commit --author "Charlie <charlie@localhost>" -m "preserve: a change by charlie" file1 &&
-		P4EDITOR=touch P4USER=alice P4PASSWD=secret &&
-		export P4EDITOR P4USER P4PASSWD &&
-		test_must_fail git p4 commit --preserve-user &&
-		! git diff --exit-code HEAD..p4/master &&
-
-		echo "$0: repeat with allowMissingP4Users enabled" &&
-		git config git-p4.allowMissingP4Users true &&
-		git config git-p4.preserveUser true &&
-		git p4 commit &&
-		git diff --exit-code HEAD..p4/master &&
-		p4_check_commit_author file1 alice
-	)
-'
-
-# If we're *not* using --preserve-user, git p4 should warn if we're submitting
-# changes that are not all ours.
-# Test: user in p4 and user unknown to p4.
-# Test: warning disabled and user is the same.
-test_expect_success 'not preserving user with mixed authorship' '
-	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
-	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	(
-		cd "$git" &&
-		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEditCheck true &&
-		p4_add_user derek Derek &&
-
-		make_change_by_user usernamefile3 Derek derek@localhost &&
-		P4EDITOR=cat P4USER=alice P4PASSWD=secret &&
-		export P4EDITOR P4USER P4PASSWD &&
-		git p4 commit |\
-		grep "git author derek@localhost does not match" &&
-
-		make_change_by_user usernamefile3 Charlie charlie@localhost &&
-		git p4 commit |\
-		grep "git author charlie@localhost does not match" &&
-
-		make_change_by_user usernamefile3 alice alice@localhost &&
-		git p4 commit |\
-		test_must_fail grep "git author.*does not match" &&
-
-		git config git-p4.skipUserNameCheck true &&
-		make_change_by_user usernamefile3 Charlie charlie@localhost &&
-		git p4 commit |\
-		test_must_fail grep "git author.*does not match" &&
-
-		p4_check_commit_author usernamefile3 alice
-	)
-'
-
-marshal_dump() {
-	what=$1
-	"$PYTHON_PATH" -c 'import marshal, sys; d = marshal.load(sys.stdin); print d["'$what'"]'
-}
-
 # Sleep a bit so that the top-most p4 change did not happen "now".  Then
 # import the repo and make sure that the initial import has the same time
 # as the top-most change.
@@ -429,143 +191,15 @@
 	)
 '
 
-# Rename a file and confirm that rename is not detected in P4.
-# Rename the new file again with detectRenames option enabled and confirm that
-# this is detected in P4.
-# Rename the new file again adding an extra line, configure a big threshold in
-# detectRenames and confirm that rename is not detected in P4.
-# Repeat, this time with a smaller threshold and confirm that the rename is
-# detected in P4.
-test_expect_success 'detect renames' '
-	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
+test_expect_success 'unresolvable host in P4PORT should display error' '
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
-		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
-
-		git mv file1 file4 &&
-		git commit -a -m "Rename file1 to file4" &&
-		git diff-tree -r -M HEAD &&
-		git p4 submit &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file4 &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file4 | test_must_fail grep -q "branch from" &&
-
-		git mv file4 file5 &&
-		git commit -a -m "Rename file4 to file5" &&
-		git diff-tree -r -M HEAD &&
-		git config git-p4.detectRenames true &&
-		git p4 submit &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file5 &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file5 | grep -q "branch from //depot/file4" &&
-
-		git mv file5 file6 &&
-		echo update >>file6 &&
-		git add file6 &&
-		git commit -a -m "Rename file5 to file6 with changes" &&
-		git diff-tree -r -M HEAD &&
-		level=$(git diff-tree -r -M HEAD | sed 1d | cut -f1 | cut -d" " -f5 | sed "s/R0*//") &&
-		test -n "$level" && test "$level" -gt 0 && test "$level" -lt 98 &&
-		git config git-p4.detectRenames $(($level + 2)) &&
-		git p4 submit &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file6 &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file6 | test_must_fail grep -q "branch from" &&
-
-		git mv file6 file7 &&
-		echo update >>file7 &&
-		git add file7 &&
-		git commit -a -m "Rename file6 to file7 with changes" &&
-		git diff-tree -r -M HEAD &&
-		level=$(git diff-tree -r -M HEAD | sed 1d | cut -f1 | cut -d" " -f5 | sed "s/R0*//") &&
-		test -n "$level" && test "$level" -gt 2 && test "$level" -lt 100 &&
-		git config git-p4.detectRenames $(($level - 2)) &&
-		git p4 submit &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file7 &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file7 | grep -q "branch from //depot/file6"
-	)
-'
-
-# Copy a file and confirm that copy is not detected in P4.
-# Copy a file with detectCopies option enabled and confirm that copy is not
-# detected in P4.
-# Modify and copy a file with detectCopies option enabled and confirm that copy
-# is detected in P4.
-# Copy a file with detectCopies and detectCopiesHarder options enabled and
-# confirm that copy is detected in P4.
-# Modify and copy a file, configure a bigger threshold in detectCopies and
-# confirm that copy is not detected in P4.
-# Modify and copy a file, configure a smaller threshold in detectCopies and
-# confirm that copy is detected in P4.
-test_expect_success 'detect copies' '
-	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
-	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	(
-		cd "$git" &&
-		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
-
-		cp file2 file8 &&
-		git add file8 &&
-		git commit -a -m "Copy file2 to file8" &&
-		git diff-tree -r -C HEAD &&
-		git p4 submit &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file8 &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file8 | test_must_fail grep -q "branch from" &&
-
-		cp file2 file9 &&
-		git add file9 &&
-		git commit -a -m "Copy file2 to file9" &&
-		git diff-tree -r -C HEAD &&
-		git config git-p4.detectCopies true &&
-		git p4 submit &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file9 &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file9 | test_must_fail grep -q "branch from" &&
-
-		echo "file2" >>file2 &&
-		cp file2 file10 &&
-		git add file2 file10 &&
-		git commit -a -m "Modify and copy file2 to file10" &&
-		git diff-tree -r -C HEAD &&
-		git p4 submit &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file10 &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file10 | grep -q "branch from //depot/file" &&
-
-		cp file2 file11 &&
-		git add file11 &&
-		git commit -a -m "Copy file2 to file11" &&
-		git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD &&
-		src=$(git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD | sed 1d | cut -f2) &&
-		test "$src" = file10 &&
-		git config git-p4.detectCopiesHarder true &&
-		git p4 submit &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file11 &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file11 | grep -q "branch from //depot/file" &&
-
-		cp file2 file12 &&
-		echo "some text" >>file12 &&
-		git add file12 &&
-		git commit -a -m "Copy file2 to file12 with changes" &&
-		git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD &&
-		level=$(git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD | sed 1d | cut -f1 | cut -d" " -f5 | sed "s/C0*//") &&
-		test -n "$level" && test "$level" -gt 0 && test "$level" -lt 98 &&
-		src=$(git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD | sed 1d | cut -f2) &&
-		test "$src" = file10 &&
-		git config git-p4.detectCopies $(($level + 2)) &&
-		git p4 submit &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file12 &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file12 | test_must_fail grep -q "branch from" &&
-
-		cp file2 file13 &&
-		echo "different text" >>file13 &&
-		git add file13 &&
-		git commit -a -m "Copy file2 to file13 with changes" &&
-		git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD &&
-		level=$(git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD | sed 1d | cut -f1 | cut -d" " -f5 | sed "s/C0*//") &&
-		test -n "$level" && test "$level" -gt 2 && test "$level" -lt 100 &&
-		src=$(git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD | sed 1d | cut -f2) &&
-		test "$src" = file10 &&
-		git config git-p4.detectCopies $(($level - 2)) &&
-		git p4 submit &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file13 &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file13 | grep -q "branch from //depot/file"
+		P4PORT=nosuchhost:65537 &&
+		export P4PORT &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git p4 sync >out 2>err &&
+		grep "connect to nosuchhost" err
 	)
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t9801-git-p4-branch.sh b/t/t9801-git-p4-branch.sh
index 99fe16b..9730821 100755
--- a/t/t9801-git-p4-branch.sh
+++ b/t/t9801-git-p4-branch.sh
@@ -410,6 +410,83 @@
 		test_path_is_missing file3
 	)
 '
+
+# From a report in http://stackoverflow.com/questions/11893688
+# where --use-client-spec caused branch prefixes not to be removed;
+# every file in git appeared into a subdirectory of the branch name.
+test_expect_success 'use-client-spec detect-branches setup' '
+	rm -rf "$cli" &&
+	mkdir "$cli" &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		client_view "//depot/usecs/... //client/..." &&
+		mkdir b1 &&
+		echo b1/b1-file1 >b1/b1-file1 &&
+		p4 add b1/b1-file1 &&
+		p4 submit -d "b1/b1-file1" &&
+
+		p4 integrate //depot/usecs/b1/... //depot/usecs/b2/... &&
+		p4 submit -d "b1 -> b2" &&
+		p4 branch -i <<-EOF &&
+		Branch: b2
+		View: //depot/usecs/b1/... //depot/usecs/b2/...
+		EOF
+
+		echo b2/b2-file2 >b2/b2-file2 &&
+		p4 add b2/b2-file2 &&
+		p4 submit -d "b2/b2-file2"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'use-client-spec detect-branches files in top-level' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	test_create_repo "$git" &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git p4 sync --detect-branches --use-client-spec //depot/usecs@all &&
+		git checkout -b master p4/usecs/b1 &&
+		test_path_is_file b1-file1 &&
+		test_path_is_missing b2-file2 &&
+		test_path_is_missing b1 &&
+		test_path_is_missing b2 &&
+
+		git checkout -b b2 p4/usecs/b2 &&
+		test_path_is_file b1-file1 &&
+		test_path_is_file b2-file2 &&
+		test_path_is_missing b1 &&
+		test_path_is_missing b2
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'use-client-spec detect-branches skips branches setup' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+
+		p4 integrate //depot/usecs/b1/... //depot/usecs/b3/... &&
+		p4 submit -d "b1 -> b3" &&
+		p4 branch -i <<-EOF &&
+		Branch: b3
+		View: //depot/usecs/b1/... //depot/usecs/b3/...
+		EOF
+
+		echo b3/b3-file3 >b3/b3-file3 &&
+		p4 add b3/b3-file3 &&
+		p4 submit -d "b3/b3-file3"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'use-client-spec detect-branches skips branches' '
+	client_view "//depot/usecs/... //client/..." \
+		    "-//depot/usecs/b3/... //client/b3/..." &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	test_create_repo "$git" &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git p4 sync --detect-branches --use-client-spec //depot/usecs@all &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/p4/usecs/b3
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
 	kill_p4d
 '
diff --git a/t/t9802-git-p4-filetype.sh b/t/t9802-git-p4-filetype.sh
index 21924df..eeefa67 100755
--- a/t/t9802-git-p4-filetype.sh
+++ b/t/t9802-git-p4-filetype.sh
@@ -8,6 +8,123 @@
 	start_p4d
 '
 
+#
+# This series of tests checks newline handling  Both p4 and
+# git store newlines as \n, and have options to choose how
+# newlines appear in checked-out files.
+#
+test_expect_success 'p4 client newlines, unix' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 client -o | sed "/LineEnd/s/:.*/:unix/" | p4 client -i &&
+		printf "unix\ncrlf\n" >f-unix &&
+		printf "unix\r\ncrlf\r\n" >f-unix-as-crlf &&
+		p4 add -t text f-unix &&
+		p4 submit -d f-unix &&
+
+		# LineEnd: unix; should be no change after sync
+		cp f-unix f-unix-orig &&
+		p4 sync -f &&
+		test_cmp f-unix-orig f-unix &&
+
+		# make sure stored in repo as unix newlines
+		# use sed to eat python-appened newline
+		p4 -G print //depot/f-unix | marshal_dump data 2 |\
+		    sed \$d >f-unix-p4-print &&
+		test_cmp f-unix-orig f-unix-p4-print &&
+
+		# switch to win, make sure lf -> crlf
+		p4 client -o | sed "/LineEnd/s/:.*/:win/" | p4 client -i &&
+		p4 sync -f &&
+		test_cmp f-unix-as-crlf f-unix
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'p4 client newlines, win' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 client -o | sed "/LineEnd/s/:.*/:win/" | p4 client -i &&
+		printf "win\r\ncrlf\r\n" >f-win &&
+		printf "win\ncrlf\n" >f-win-as-lf &&
+		p4 add -t text f-win &&
+		p4 submit -d f-win &&
+
+		# LineEnd: win; should be no change after sync
+		cp f-win f-win-orig &&
+		p4 sync -f &&
+		test_cmp f-win-orig f-win &&
+
+		# make sure stored in repo as unix newlines
+		# use sed to eat python-appened newline
+		p4 -G print //depot/f-win | marshal_dump data 2 |\
+		    sed \$d >f-win-p4-print &&
+		test_cmp f-win-as-lf f-win-p4-print &&
+
+		# switch to unix, make sure lf -> crlf
+		p4 client -o | sed "/LineEnd/s/:.*/:unix/" | p4 client -i &&
+		p4 sync -f &&
+		test_cmp f-win-as-lf f-win
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ensure blobs store only lf newlines' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init &&
+		git p4 sync //depot@all &&
+
+		# verify the files in .git are stored only with newlines
+		o=$(git ls-tree p4/master -- f-unix | cut -f1 | cut -d\  -f3) &&
+		git cat-file blob $o >f-unix-blob &&
+		test_cmp "$cli"/f-unix-orig f-unix-blob &&
+
+		o=$(git ls-tree p4/master -- f-win | cut -f1 | cut -d\  -f3) &&
+		git cat-file blob $o >f-win-blob &&
+		test_cmp "$cli"/f-win-as-lf f-win-blob &&
+
+		rm f-unix-blob f-win-blob
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'gitattributes setting eol=lf produces lf newlines' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		# checkout the files and make sure core.eol works as planned
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init &&
+		echo "* eol=lf" >.gitattributes &&
+		git p4 sync //depot@all &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		test_cmp "$cli"/f-unix-orig f-unix &&
+		test_cmp "$cli"/f-win-as-lf f-win
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'gitattributes setting eol=crlf produces crlf newlines' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		# checkout the files and make sure core.eol works as planned
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init &&
+		echo "* eol=crlf" >.gitattributes &&
+		git p4 sync //depot@all &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		test_cmp "$cli"/f-unix-as-crlf f-unix &&
+		test_cmp "$cli"/f-win-orig f-win
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'crlf cleanup' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		rm f-unix-orig f-unix-as-crlf &&
+		rm f-win-orig f-win-as-lf &&
+		p4 client -o | sed "/LineEnd/s/:.*/:unix/" | p4 client -i &&
+		p4 sync -f
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'utf-16 file create' '
 	(
 		cd "$cli" &&
@@ -105,12 +222,13 @@
 	cat >gendouble.py <<-\EOF
 	import sys
 	import struct
-	import array
 
-	s = array.array("c", '\0' * 26)
-	struct.pack_into(">L", s,  0, 0x00051607)  # AppleDouble
-	struct.pack_into(">L", s,  4, 0x00020000)  # version 2
-	s.tofile(sys.stdout)
+	s = struct.pack(">LL18s",
+			0x00051607,  # AppleDouble
+			0x00020000,  # version 2
+			""           # pad to 26 bytes
+	)
+	sys.stdout.write(s)
 	EOF
 }
 
diff --git a/t/t9805-git-p4-skip-submit-edit.sh b/t/t9805-git-p4-skip-submit-edit.sh
index 353dcfb..ff2cc79 100755
--- a/t/t9805-git-p4-skip-submit-edit.sh
+++ b/t/t9805-git-p4-skip-submit-edit.sh
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
 		cd "$git" &&
 		echo line >>file1 &&
 		git commit -a -m "change 3 (not really)" &&
-		printf "bad response\nn\n" | git p4 submit &&
+		printf "bad response\nn\n" | test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit &&
 		p4 changes //depot/... >wc &&
 		test_line_count = 2 wc
 	)
@@ -78,20 +78,19 @@
 test_expect_success 'no config, edited' '
 	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	ed="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/ed.sh" &&
-	test_when_finished "rm \"$ed\"" &&
-	cat >"$ed" <<-EOF &&
+	test_when_finished "rm ed.sh" &&
+	cat >ed.sh <<-EOF &&
 		#!$SHELL_PATH
 		sleep 1
 		touch "\$1"
 		exit 0
 	EOF
-	chmod 755 "$ed" &&
+	chmod 755 ed.sh &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		echo line >>file1 &&
 		git commit -a -m "change 5" &&
-		P4EDITOR="" EDITOR="\"$ed\"" git p4 submit &&
+		P4EDITOR="" EDITOR="\"$TRASH_DIRECTORY/ed.sh\"" git p4 submit &&
 		p4 changes //depot/... >wc &&
 		test_line_count = 5 wc
 	)
diff --git a/t/t9806-git-p4-options.sh b/t/t9806-git-p4-options.sh
index 2892367..254d428 100755
--- a/t/t9806-git-p4-options.sh
+++ b/t/t9806-git-p4-options.sh
@@ -27,22 +27,109 @@
 	test_must_fail git p4 clone --git-dir=xx //depot
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'clone --branch' '
+test_expect_success 'clone --branch should checkout master' '
 	git p4 clone --branch=refs/remotes/p4/sb --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
-		git ls-files >files &&
-		test_line_count = 0 files &&
-		test_path_is_file .git/refs/remotes/p4/sb
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/p4/sb >sb &&
+		git rev-parse refs/heads/master >master &&
+		test_cmp sb master &&
+		git rev-parse HEAD >head &&
+		test_cmp sb head
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'sync when no master branch prints a nice error' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --branch=refs/remotes/p4/sb --dest="$git" //depot@2 &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		test_must_fail git p4 sync 2>err &&
+		grep "Error: no branch refs/remotes/p4/master" err
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'sync --branch builds the full ref name correctly' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init &&
+
+		git p4 sync --branch=b1 //depot &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/p4/b1 &&
+		git p4 sync --branch=p4/b2 //depot &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/p4/b2 &&
+
+		git p4 sync --import-local --branch=h1 //depot &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/p4/h1 &&
+		git p4 sync --import-local --branch=p4/h2 //depot &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/p4/h2 &&
+
+		git p4 sync --branch=refs/stuff //depot &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/stuff
+	)
+'
+
+# engages --detect-branches code, which will do filename filtering so
+# no sync to either b1 or b2
+test_expect_success 'sync when two branches but no master should noop' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init &&
+		git p4 sync --branch=refs/remotes/p4/b1 //depot@2 &&
+		git p4 sync --branch=refs/remotes/p4/b2 //depot@2 &&
+		git p4 sync &&
+		git show -s --format=%s refs/remotes/p4/b1 >show &&
+		grep "Initial import" show &&
+		git show -s --format=%s refs/remotes/p4/b2 >show &&
+		grep "Initial import" show
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'sync --branch updates specific branch, no detection' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init &&
+		git p4 sync --branch=b1 //depot@2 &&
+		git p4 sync --branch=b2 //depot@2 &&
+		git p4 sync --branch=b2 &&
+		git show -s --format=%s refs/remotes/p4/b1 >show &&
+		grep "Initial import" show &&
+		git show -s --format=%s refs/remotes/p4/b2 >show &&
+		grep "change 3" show
+	)
+'
+
+# allows using the refname "p4" as a short name for p4/master
+test_expect_success 'clone creates HEAD symbolic reference' '
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/p4/master >master &&
+		git rev-parse --verify p4 >p4 &&
+		test_cmp master p4
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone --branch creates HEAD symbolic reference' '
+	git p4 clone --branch=refs/remotes/p4/sb --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/p4/sb >sb &&
+		git rev-parse --verify p4 >p4 &&
+		test_cmp sb p4
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'clone --changesfile' '
-	cf="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/cf" &&
-	test_when_finished "rm \"$cf\"" &&
-	printf "1\n3\n" >"$cf" &&
-	git p4 clone --changesfile="$cf" --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	test_when_finished "rm cf" &&
+	printf "1\n3\n" >cf &&
+	git p4 clone --changesfile="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/cf" --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
@@ -55,10 +142,9 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'clone --changesfile, @all' '
-	cf="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/cf" &&
-	test_when_finished "rm \"$cf\"" &&
-	printf "1\n3\n" >"$cf" &&
-	test_must_fail git p4 clone --changesfile="$cf" --dest="$git" //depot@all
+	test_when_finished "rm cf" &&
+	printf "1\n3\n" >cf &&
+	test_must_fail git p4 clone --changesfile="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/cf" --dest="$git" //depot@all
 '
 
 # imports both master and p4/master in refs/heads
@@ -128,38 +214,58 @@
 		exec >/dev/null &&
 		test_must_fail git p4 clone --dest="$git" --use-client-spec
 	) &&
+	# build a different client
 	cli2="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/cli2" &&
 	mkdir -p "$cli2" &&
 	test_when_finished "rmdir \"$cli2\"" &&
-	(
-		cd "$cli2" &&
-		p4 client -i <<-EOF
-		Client: client2
-		Description: client2
-		Root: $cli2
-		View: //depot/sub/... //client2/bus/...
-		EOF
-	) &&
-	P4CLIENT=client2 &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	git p4 clone --dest="$git" --use-client-spec //depot/... &&
 	(
-		cd "$git" &&
-		test_path_is_file bus/dir/f4 &&
-		test_path_is_missing file1
-	) &&
-	cleanup_git &&
+		# group P4CLIENT and cli changes in a sub-shell
+		P4CLIENT=client2 &&
+		cli="$cli2" &&
+		client_view "//depot/sub/... //client2/bus/..." &&
+		git p4 clone --dest="$git" --use-client-spec //depot/... &&
+		(
+			cd "$git" &&
+			test_path_is_file bus/dir/f4 &&
+			test_path_is_missing file1
+		) &&
+		cleanup_git &&
+		# same thing again, this time with variable instead of option
+		(
+			cd "$git" &&
+			git init &&
+			git config git-p4.useClientSpec true &&
+			git p4 sync //depot/... &&
+			git checkout -b master p4/master &&
+			test_path_is_file bus/dir/f4 &&
+			test_path_is_missing file1
+		)
+	)
+'
 
-	# same thing again, this time with variable instead of option
-	mkdir "$git" &&
+test_expect_success 'submit works with no p4/master' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --branch=b1 //depot@1,2 --destination="$git" &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
-		git init &&
-		git config git-p4.useClientSpec true &&
-		git p4 sync //depot/... &&
-		git checkout -b master p4/master &&
-		test_path_is_file bus/dir/f4 &&
-		test_path_is_missing file1
+		test_commit submit-1-branch &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit --branch=b1
+	)
+'
+
+# The sync/rebase part post-submit will engage detect-branches
+# machinery which will not do anything in this particular test.
+test_expect_success 'submit works with two branches' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --branch=b1 //depot@1,2 --destination="$git" &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git p4 sync --branch=b2 //depot@1,3 &&
+		test_commit submit-2-branches &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit
 	)
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t9807-git-p4-submit.sh b/t/t9807-git-p4-submit.sh
index f23b4c3..1fb7bc7 100755
--- a/t/t9807-git-p4-submit.sh
+++ b/t/t9807-git-p4-submit.sh
@@ -17,6 +17,16 @@
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_failure 'is_cli_file_writeable function' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		echo a >a &&
+		is_cli_file_writeable a &&
+		! is_cli_file_writeable file1 &&
+		rm a
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'submit with no client dir' '
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
 	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
@@ -54,6 +64,47 @@
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'submit --dry-run' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		test_commit "dry-run1" &&
+		test_commit "dry-run2" &&
+		git p4 submit --dry-run >out &&
+		test_i18ngrep "Would apply" out
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_missing "dry-run1.t" &&
+		test_path_is_missing "dry-run2.t"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submit --dry-run --export-labels' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo dry-run1 >dry-run1 &&
+		git add dry-run1 &&
+		git commit -m "dry-run1" dry-run1 &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		echo dry-run2 >dry-run2 &&
+		git add dry-run2 &&
+		git commit -m "dry-run2" dry-run2 &&
+		git tag -m "dry-run-tag1" dry-run-tag1 HEAD^ &&
+		git p4 submit --dry-run --export-labels >out &&
+		test_i18ngrep "Would create p4 label" out
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_file "dry-run1" &&
+		test_path_is_missing "dry-run2"
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'submit with allowSubmit' '
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
 	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
@@ -159,7 +210,7 @@
 	(
 		cd "$cli" &&
 		test_path_is_file file5.ta &&
-		test ! -w file5.ta
+		! is_cli_file_writeable file5.ta
 	)
 '
 
@@ -178,7 +229,186 @@
 		cd "$cli" &&
 		test_path_is_missing file6.t &&
 		test_path_is_file file6.ta &&
-		test ! -w file6.ta
+		! is_cli_file_writeable file6.ta
+	)
+'
+
+#
+# Converting git commit message to p4 change description, including
+# parsing out the optional Jobs: line.
+#
+test_expect_success 'simple one-line description' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo desc2 >desc2 &&
+		git add desc2 &&
+		cat >msg <<-EOF &&
+		One-line description line for desc2.
+		EOF
+		git commit -F - <msg &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		change=$(p4 -G changes -m 1 //depot/... | \
+			 marshal_dump change) &&
+		# marshal_dump always adds a newline
+		p4 -G describe $change | marshal_dump desc | sed \$d >pmsg &&
+		test_cmp msg pmsg
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'description with odd formatting' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo desc3 >desc3 &&
+		git add desc3 &&
+		(
+			printf "subject line\n\n\tExtra tab\nline.\n\n" &&
+			printf "Description:\n\tBogus description marker\n\n" &&
+			# git commit eats trailing newlines; only use one
+			printf "Files:\n\tBogus descs marker\n"
+		) >msg &&
+		git commit -F - <msg &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		change=$(p4 -G changes -m 1 //depot/... | \
+			 marshal_dump change) &&
+		# marshal_dump always adds a newline
+		p4 -G describe $change | marshal_dump desc | sed \$d >pmsg &&
+		test_cmp msg pmsg
+	)
+'
+
+make_job() {
+	name="$1" &&
+	tab="$(printf \\t)" &&
+	p4 job -o | \
+	sed -e "/^Job:/s/.*/Job: $name/" \
+	    -e "/^Description/{ n; s/.*/$tab job text/; }" | \
+	p4 job -i
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'description with Jobs section at end' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo desc4 >desc4 &&
+		git add desc4 &&
+		echo 6060842 >jobname &&
+		(
+			printf "subject line\n\n\tExtra tab\nline.\n\n" &&
+			printf "Files:\n\tBogus files marker\n" &&
+			printf "Junk: 3164175\n" &&
+			printf "Jobs: $(cat jobname)\n"
+		) >msg &&
+		git commit -F - <msg &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		# build a job
+		make_job $(cat jobname) &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		change=$(p4 -G changes -m 1 //depot/... | \
+			 marshal_dump change) &&
+		# marshal_dump always adds a newline
+		p4 -G describe $change | marshal_dump desc | sed \$d >pmsg &&
+		# make sure Jobs line and all following is gone
+		sed "/^Jobs:/,\$d" msg >jmsg &&
+		test_cmp jmsg pmsg &&
+		# make sure p4 knows about job
+		p4 -G describe $change | marshal_dump job0 >job0 &&
+		test_cmp jobname job0
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'description with Jobs and values on separate lines' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo desc5 >desc5 &&
+		git add desc5 &&
+		echo PROJ-6060842 >jobname1 &&
+		echo PROJ-6060847 >jobname2 &&
+		(
+			printf "subject line\n\n\tExtra tab\nline.\n\n" &&
+			printf "Files:\n\tBogus files marker\n" &&
+			printf "Junk: 3164175\n" &&
+			printf "Jobs:\n" &&
+			printf "\t$(cat jobname1)\n" &&
+			printf "\t$(cat jobname2)\n"
+		) >msg &&
+		git commit -F - <msg &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		# build two jobs
+		make_job $(cat jobname1) &&
+		make_job $(cat jobname2) &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		change=$(p4 -G changes -m 1 //depot/... | \
+			 marshal_dump change) &&
+		# marshal_dump always adds a newline
+		p4 -G describe $change | marshal_dump desc | sed \$d >pmsg &&
+		# make sure Jobs line and all following is gone
+		sed "/^Jobs:/,\$d" msg >jmsg &&
+		test_cmp jmsg pmsg &&
+		# make sure p4 knows about the two jobs
+		p4 -G describe $change >change &&
+		(
+			marshal_dump job0 <change &&
+			marshal_dump job1 <change
+		) | sort >jobs &&
+		cat jobname1 jobname2 | sort >expected &&
+		test_cmp expected jobs
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'description with Jobs section and bogus following text' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo desc6 >desc6 &&
+		git add desc6 &&
+		echo 6060843 >jobname &&
+		(
+			printf "subject line\n\n\tExtra tab\nline.\n\n" &&
+			printf "Files:\n\tBogus files marker\n" &&
+			printf "Junk: 3164175\n" &&
+			printf "Jobs: $(cat jobname)\n" &&
+			printf "MoreJunk: 3711\n"
+		) >msg &&
+		git commit -F - <msg &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		# build a job
+		make_job $(cat jobname) &&
+		test_must_fail git p4 submit 2>err &&
+		test_i18ngrep "Unknown field name" err
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 revert desc6 &&
+		rm desc6
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submit --prepare-p4-only' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo prep-only-add >prep-only-add &&
+		git add prep-only-add &&
+		git commit -m "prep only add" &&
+		git p4 submit --prepare-p4-only >out &&
+		test_i18ngrep "prepared for submission" out &&
+		test_i18ngrep "must be deleted" out
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_file prep-only-add &&
+		p4 fstat -T action prep-only-add | grep -w add
 	)
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t9808-git-p4-chdir.sh b/t/t9808-git-p4-chdir.sh
index 2f8014a..11d2b51 100755
--- a/t/t9808-git-p4-chdir.sh
+++ b/t/t9808-git-p4-chdir.sh
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 # environment variable is set
 test_expect_success 'P4CONFIG and absolute dir clone' '
 	printf "P4PORT=$P4PORT\nP4CLIENT=$P4CLIENT\n" >p4config &&
-	test_when_finished "rm \"$TRASH_DIRECTORY/p4config\"" &&
+	test_when_finished "rm p4config" &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
 	(
 		P4CONFIG=p4config && export P4CONFIG &&
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 # same thing, but with relative directory name, note missing $ on --dest
 test_expect_success 'P4CONFIG and relative dir clone' '
 	printf "P4PORT=$P4PORT\nP4CLIENT=$P4CLIENT\n" >p4config &&
-	test_when_finished "rm \"$TRASH_DIRECTORY/p4config\"" &&
+	test_when_finished "rm p4config" &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
 	(
 		P4CONFIG=p4config && export P4CONFIG &&
@@ -42,6 +42,47 @@
 	)
 '
 
+# Common setup using .p4config to set P4CLIENT and P4PORT breaks
+# if clone destination is relative.  Make sure that chdir() expands
+# the relative path in --dest to absolute.
+test_expect_success 'p4 client root would be relative due to clone --dest' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		echo P4PORT=$P4PORT >git/.p4config &&
+		P4CONFIG=.p4config &&
+		export P4CONFIG &&
+		unset P4PORT &&
+		git p4 clone --dest="git" //depot
+	)
+'
+
+# When the p4 client Root is a symlink, make sure chdir() does not use
+# getcwd() to convert it to a physical path.
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'p4 client root symlink should stay symbolic' '
+	physical="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/physical" &&
+	symbolic="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/symbolic" &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf \"$physical\"" &&
+	test_when_finished "rm \"$symbolic\"" &&
+	mkdir -p "$physical" &&
+	ln -s "$physical" "$symbolic" &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		P4CLIENT=client-sym &&
+		p4 client -i <<-EOF &&
+		Client: $P4CLIENT
+		Description: $P4CLIENT
+		Root: $symbolic
+		LineEnd: unix
+		View: //depot/... //$P4CLIENT/...
+		EOF
+		git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+		cd "$git" &&
+		test_commit file2 &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
 	kill_p4d
 '
diff --git a/t/t9809-git-p4-client-view.sh b/t/t9809-git-p4-client-view.sh
index 7d993ef..77f6349 100755
--- a/t/t9809-git-p4-client-view.sh
+++ b/t/t9809-git-p4-client-view.sh
@@ -9,23 +9,6 @@
 '
 
 #
-# Construct a client with this list of View lines
-#
-client_view() {
-	(
-		cat <<-EOF &&
-		Client: client
-		Description: client
-		Root: $cli
-		View:
-		EOF
-		for arg ; do
-			printf "\t$arg\n"
-		done
-	) | p4 client -i
-}
-
-#
 # Verify these files exist, exactly.  Caller creates
 # a list of files in file "files".
 #
@@ -213,7 +196,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'overlay wildcard' '
 	client_view "//depot/dir1/... //client/cli/..." \
-		    "+//depot/dir2/... //client/cli/...\n" &&
+		    "+//depot/dir2/... //client/cli/..." &&
 	files="cli/file11 cli/file12 cli/file21 cli/file22" &&
 	client_verify $files &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
@@ -350,7 +333,7 @@
 	(
 		cd "$cli" &&
 		test_path_is_file dir1/file11a &&
-		test ! -w dir1/file11a
+		! is_cli_file_writeable dir1/file11a
 	)
 '
 
@@ -370,7 +353,7 @@
 		cd "$cli" &&
 		test_path_is_missing dir1/file13 &&
 		test_path_is_file dir1/file13a &&
-		test ! -w dir1/file13a
+		! is_cli_file_writeable dir1/file13a
 	)
 '
 
@@ -382,7 +365,10 @@
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		echo git-wild-hash >dir1/git-wild#hash &&
-		echo git-wild-star >dir1/git-wild\*star &&
+		if test_have_prereq NOT_MINGW NOT_CYGWIN
+		then
+			echo git-wild-star >dir1/git-wild\*star
+		fi &&
 		echo git-wild-at >dir1/git-wild@at &&
 		echo git-wild-percent >dir1/git-wild%percent &&
 		git add dir1/git-wild* &&
@@ -393,7 +379,10 @@
 	(
 		cd "$cli" &&
 		test_path_is_file dir1/git-wild#hash &&
-		test_path_is_file dir1/git-wild\*star &&
+		if test_have_prereq NOT_MINGW NOT_CYGWIN
+		then
+			test_path_is_file dir1/git-wild\*star
+		fi &&
 		test_path_is_file dir1/git-wild@at &&
 		test_path_is_file dir1/git-wild%percent
 	) &&
diff --git a/t/t9810-git-p4-rcs.sh b/t/t9810-git-p4-rcs.sh
index d8d9ca4..34fbc90 100755
--- a/t/t9810-git-p4-rcs.sh
+++ b/t/t9810-git-p4-rcs.sh
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
-test_description='git-p4 rcs keywords'
+test_description='git p4 rcs keywords'
 
 . ./lib-git-p4.sh
 
@@ -26,10 +26,8 @@
 		line7
 		line8
 		EOF
-		cp filek fileko &&
-		sed -i "s/Revision/Revision: do not scrub me/" fileko
-		cp fileko file_text &&
-		sed -i "s/Id/Id: do not scrub me/" file_text
+		sed "s/Revision/Revision: do not scrub me/" <filek >fileko &&
+		sed "s/Id/Id: do not scrub me/" <fileko >file_text &&
 		p4 add -t text+k filek &&
 		p4 submit -d "filek" &&
 		p4 add -t text+ko fileko &&
@@ -88,7 +86,8 @@
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
-		sed -i "s/^line7/line7 edit/" filek &&
+		sed "s/^line7/line7 edit/" <filek >filek.tmp &&
+		mv -f filek.tmp filek &&
 		git commit -m "filek line7 edit" filek &&
 		git p4 submit &&
 		scrub_k_check filek
@@ -105,7 +104,8 @@
 		cd "$git" &&
 		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
 		git config git-p4.attemptRCSCleanup true &&
-		sed -i "s/^line4/line4 edit/" filek &&
+		sed "s/^line4/line4 edit/" <filek >filek.tmp &&
+		mv -f filek.tmp filek &&
 		git commit -m "filek line4 edit" filek &&
 		git p4 submit &&
 		scrub_k_check filek
@@ -122,7 +122,8 @@
 		cd "$git" &&
 		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
 		git config git-p4.attemptRCSCleanup true &&
-		sed -i "/Revision/d" filek &&
+		sed "/Revision/d" <filek >filek.tmp &&
+		mv -f filek.tmp filek &&
 		git commit -m "filek remove Revision line" filek &&
 		git p4 submit &&
 		scrub_k_check filek
@@ -139,7 +140,8 @@
 		cd "$git" &&
 		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
 		git config git-p4.attemptRCSCleanup true &&
-		sed -i "s/^line4/line4 edit/" fileko &&
+		sed "s/^line4/line4 edit/" <fileko >fileko.tmp &&
+		mv -f fileko.tmp fileko &&
 		git commit -m "fileko line4 edit" fileko &&
 		git p4 submit &&
 		scrub_ko_check fileko &&
@@ -147,7 +149,7 @@
 	)
 '
 
-# hack; git-p4 submit should do it on its own
+# hack; git p4 submit should do it on its own
 test_expect_success 'cleanup after failure' '
 	(
 		cd "$cli" &&
@@ -155,14 +157,30 @@
 	)
 '
 
+# perl $File:: bug check
+test_expect_success 'ktext expansion should not expand multi-line $File::' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		cat >lv.pm <<-\EOF
+		my $wanted = sub { my $f = $File::Find::name;
+				    if ( -f && $f =~ /foo/ ) {
+		EOF
+		p4 add -t ktext lv.pm &&
+		p4 submit -d "lv.pm"
+	) &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		test_cmp "$cli/lv.pm" lv.pm
+	)
+'
+
 #
 # Do not scrub anything but +k or +ko files.  Sneak a change into
 # the cli file so that submit will get a conflict.  Make sure that
 # scrubbing doesn't make a mess of things.
 #
-# Assumes that git-p4 exits leaving the p4 file open, with the
-# conflict-generating patch unapplied.
-#
 # This might happen only if the git repo is behind the p4 repo at
 # submit time, and there is a conflict.
 #
@@ -173,27 +191,26 @@
 		cd "$git" &&
 		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
 		git config git-p4.attemptRCSCleanup true &&
-		sed -i "s/^line4/line4 edit/" file_text &&
+		sed "s/^line4/line4 edit/" <file_text >file_text.tmp &&
+		mv -f file_text.tmp file_text &&
 		git commit -m "file_text line4 edit" file_text &&
 		(
 			cd "$cli" &&
 			p4 open file_text &&
-			sed -i "s/^line5/line5 p4 edit/" file_text &&
+			sed "s/^line5/line5 p4 edit/" <file_text >file_text.tmp &&
+			mv -f file_text.tmp file_text &&
 			p4 submit -d "file5 p4 edit"
 		) &&
-		! git p4 submit &&
+		echo s | test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit &&
 		(
-			# exepct something like:
-			#    file_text - file(s) not opened on this client
-			# but not copious diff output
+			# make sure the file is not left open
 			cd "$cli" &&
-			p4 diff file_text >wc &&
-			test_line_count = 1 wc
+			! p4 fstat -T action file_text
 		)
 	)
 '
 
-# hack; git-p4 submit should do it on its own
+# hack; git p4 submit should do it on its own
 test_expect_success 'cleanup after failure 2' '
 	(
 		cd "$cli" &&
@@ -244,9 +261,9 @@
 		cd "$git" &&
 		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
 		git config git-p4.attemptRCSCleanup true &&
-		(cd ../cli && p4_append_to_file kwfile1.c) &&
+		(cd "$cli" && p4_append_to_file kwfile1.c) &&
 		old_lines=$(wc -l <kwfile1.c) &&
-		perl -n -i -e "print unless m/Revision:/" kwfile1.c &&
+		"$PERL_PATH" -n -i -e "print unless m/Revision:/" kwfile1.c &&
 		new_lines=$(wc -l <kwfile1.c) &&
 		test $new_lines = $(($old_lines - 1)) &&
 
@@ -343,44 +360,6 @@
 	)
 '
 
-# Check that the existing merge conflict handling still works.
-# Modify kwfile1.c in git, and delete in p4. We should be able
-# to skip the git commit.
-#
-test_expect_success 'merge conflict handling still works' '
-	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	(
-		cd "$cli" &&
-		echo "Hello:\$Id\$" >merge2.c &&
-		echo "World" >>merge2.c &&
-		p4 add -t ktext merge2.c &&
-		p4 submit -d "add merge test file"
-	) &&
-	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
-	(
-		cd "$git" &&
-		sed -e "/Hello/d" merge2.c >merge2.c.tmp &&
-		mv merge2.c.tmp merge2.c &&
-		git add merge2.c &&
-		git commit -m "Modifying merge2.c"
-	) &&
-	(
-		cd "$cli" &&
-		p4 delete merge2.c &&
-		p4 submit -d "remove merge test file"
-	) &&
-	(
-		cd "$git" &&
-		test -f merge2.c &&
-		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
-		git config git-p4.attemptRCSCleanup true &&
-		!(echo "s" | git p4 submit) &&
-		git rebase --skip &&
-		! test -f merge2.c
-	)
-'
-
-
 test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
 	kill_p4d
 '
diff --git a/t/t9812-git-p4-wildcards.sh b/t/t9812-git-p4-wildcards.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6763325
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9812-git-p4-wildcards.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git p4 wildcards'
+
+. ./lib-git-p4.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'start p4d' '
+	start_p4d
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add p4 files with wildcards in the names' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		printf "file2\nhas\nsome\nrandom\ntext\n" >file2 &&
+		p4 add file2 &&
+		echo file-wild-hash >file-wild#hash &&
+		if test_have_prereq NOT_MINGW NOT_CYGWIN
+		then
+			echo file-wild-star >file-wild\*star
+		fi &&
+		echo file-wild-at >file-wild@at &&
+		echo file-wild-percent >file-wild%percent &&
+		p4 add -f file-wild* &&
+		p4 submit -d "file wildcards"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'wildcard files git p4 clone' '
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		test -f file-wild#hash &&
+		if test_have_prereq NOT_MINGW NOT_CYGWIN
+		then
+			test -f file-wild\*star
+		fi &&
+		test -f file-wild@at &&
+		test -f file-wild%percent
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'wildcard files submit back to p4, add' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo git-wild-hash >git-wild#hash &&
+		if test_have_prereq NOT_MINGW NOT_CYGWIN
+		then
+			echo git-wild-star >git-wild\*star
+		fi &&
+		echo git-wild-at >git-wild@at &&
+		echo git-wild-percent >git-wild%percent &&
+		git add git-wild* &&
+		git commit -m "add some wildcard filenames" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_file git-wild#hash &&
+		if test_have_prereq NOT_MINGW NOT_CYGWIN
+		then
+			test_path_is_file git-wild\*star
+		fi &&
+		test_path_is_file git-wild@at &&
+		test_path_is_file git-wild%percent
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'wildcard files submit back to p4, modify' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo new-line >>git-wild#hash &&
+		if test_have_prereq NOT_MINGW NOT_CYGWIN
+		then
+			echo new-line >>git-wild\*star
+		fi &&
+		echo new-line >>git-wild@at &&
+		echo new-line >>git-wild%percent &&
+		git add git-wild* &&
+		git commit -m "modify the wildcard files" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_line_count = 2 git-wild#hash &&
+		if test_have_prereq NOT_MINGW NOT_CYGWIN
+		then
+			test_line_count = 2 git-wild\*star
+		fi &&
+		test_line_count = 2 git-wild@at &&
+		test_line_count = 2 git-wild%percent
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'wildcard files submit back to p4, copy' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		cp file2 git-wild-cp#hash &&
+		git add git-wild-cp#hash &&
+		cp git-wild#hash file-wild-3 &&
+		git add file-wild-3 &&
+		git commit -m "wildcard copies" &&
+		git config git-p4.detectCopies true &&
+		git config git-p4.detectCopiesHarder true &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_file git-wild-cp#hash &&
+		test_path_is_file file-wild-3
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'wildcard files submit back to p4, rename' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git mv git-wild@at file-wild-4 &&
+		git mv file-wild-3 git-wild-cp%percent &&
+		git commit -m "wildcard renames" &&
+		git config git-p4.detectRenames true &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_missing git-wild@at &&
+		test_path_is_file git-wild-cp%percent
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'wildcard files submit back to p4, delete' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git rm git-wild* &&
+		git commit -m "delete the wildcard files" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_missing git-wild#hash &&
+		if test_have_prereq NOT_MINGW NOT_CYGWIN
+		then
+			test_path_is_missing git-wild\*star
+		fi &&
+		test_path_is_missing git-wild@at &&
+		test_path_is_missing git-wild%percent
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
+	kill_p4d
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9813-git-p4-preserve-users.sh b/t/t9813-git-p4-preserve-users.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f2e85e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9813-git-p4-preserve-users.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git p4 preserve users'
+
+. ./lib-git-p4.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'start p4d' '
+	start_p4d
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create files' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 client -o | sed "/LineEnd/s/:.*/:unix/" | p4 client -i &&
+		echo file1 >file1 &&
+		echo file2 >file2 &&
+		p4 add file1 file2 &&
+		p4 submit -d "add files"
+	)
+'
+
+p4_add_user() {
+	name=$1 fullname=$2 &&
+	p4 user -f -i <<-EOF &&
+	User: $name
+	Email: $name@localhost
+	FullName: $fullname
+	EOF
+	p4 passwd -P secret $name
+}
+
+p4_grant_admin() {
+	name=$1 &&
+	{
+		p4 protect -o &&
+		echo "    admin user $name * //depot/..."
+	} | p4 protect -i
+}
+
+p4_check_commit_author() {
+	file=$1 user=$2 &&
+	p4 changes -m 1 //depot/$file | grep -q $user
+}
+
+make_change_by_user() {
+	file=$1 name=$2 email=$3 &&
+	echo "username: a change by $name" >>"$file" &&
+	git add "$file" &&
+	git commit --author "$name <$email>" -m "a change by $name"
+}
+
+# Test username support, submitting as user 'alice'
+test_expect_success 'preserve users' '
+	p4_add_user alice Alice &&
+	p4_add_user bob Bob &&
+	p4_grant_admin alice &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo "username: a change by alice" >>file1 &&
+		echo "username: a change by bob" >>file2 &&
+		git commit --author "Alice <alice@localhost>" -m "a change by alice" file1 &&
+		git commit --author "Bob <bob@localhost>" -m "a change by bob" file2 &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEditCheck true &&
+		P4EDITOR=touch P4USER=alice P4PASSWD=secret git p4 commit --preserve-user &&
+		p4_check_commit_author file1 alice &&
+		p4_check_commit_author file2 bob
+	)
+'
+
+# Test username support, submitting as bob, who lacks admin rights. Should
+# not submit change to p4 (git diff should show deltas).
+test_expect_success 'refuse to preserve users without perms' '
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEditCheck true &&
+		echo "username-noperms: a change by alice" >>file1 &&
+		git commit --author "Alice <alice@localhost>" -m "perms: a change by alice" file1 &&
+		P4EDITOR=touch P4USER=bob P4PASSWD=secret &&
+		export P4EDITOR P4USER P4PASSWD &&
+		test_must_fail git p4 commit --preserve-user &&
+		! git diff --exit-code HEAD..p4/master
+	)
+'
+
+# What happens with unknown author? Without allowMissingP4Users it should fail.
+test_expect_success 'preserve user where author is unknown to p4' '
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEditCheck true &&
+		echo "username-bob: a change by bob" >>file1 &&
+		git commit --author "Bob <bob@localhost>" -m "preserve: a change by bob" file1 &&
+		echo "username-unknown: a change by charlie" >>file1 &&
+		git commit --author "Charlie <charlie@localhost>" -m "preserve: a change by charlie" file1 &&
+		P4EDITOR=touch P4USER=alice P4PASSWD=secret &&
+		export P4EDITOR P4USER P4PASSWD &&
+		test_must_fail git p4 commit --preserve-user &&
+		! git diff --exit-code HEAD..p4/master &&
+
+		echo "$0: repeat with allowMissingP4Users enabled" &&
+		git config git-p4.allowMissingP4Users true &&
+		git config git-p4.preserveUser true &&
+		git p4 commit &&
+		git diff --exit-code HEAD..p4/master &&
+		p4_check_commit_author file1 alice
+	)
+'
+
+# If we're *not* using --preserve-user, git-p4 should warn if we're submitting
+# changes that are not all ours.
+# Test: user in p4 and user unknown to p4.
+# Test: warning disabled and user is the same.
+test_expect_success 'not preserving user with mixed authorship' '
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEditCheck true &&
+		p4_add_user derek Derek &&
+
+		make_change_by_user usernamefile3 Derek derek@localhost &&
+		P4EDITOR=cat P4USER=alice P4PASSWD=secret &&
+		export P4EDITOR P4USER P4PASSWD &&
+		git p4 commit |\
+		grep "git author derek@localhost does not match" &&
+
+		make_change_by_user usernamefile3 Charlie charlie@localhost &&
+		git p4 commit |\
+		grep "git author charlie@localhost does not match" &&
+
+		make_change_by_user usernamefile3 alice alice@localhost &&
+		git p4 commit |\
+		test_must_fail grep "git author.*does not match" &&
+
+		git config git-p4.skipUserNameCheck true &&
+		make_change_by_user usernamefile3 Charlie charlie@localhost &&
+		git p4 commit |\
+		test_must_fail grep "git author.*does not match" &&
+
+		p4_check_commit_author usernamefile3 alice
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
+	kill_p4d
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9814-git-p4-rename.sh b/t/t9814-git-p4-rename.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..be802e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9814-git-p4-rename.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git p4 rename'
+
+. ./lib-git-p4.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'start p4d' '
+	start_p4d
+'
+
+# We rely on this behavior to detect for p4 move availability.
+test_expect_success 'p4 help unknown returns 1' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		(
+			p4 help client >errs 2>&1
+			echo $? >retval
+		)
+		echo 0 >expected &&
+		test_cmp expected retval &&
+		rm retval &&
+		(
+			p4 help nosuchcommand >errs 2>&1
+			echo $? >retval
+		)
+		echo 1 >expected &&
+		test_cmp expected retval &&
+		rm retval
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create files' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 client -o | sed "/LineEnd/s/:.*/:unix/" | p4 client -i &&
+		cat >file1 <<-EOF &&
+		A large block of text
+		in file1 that will generate
+		enough context so that rename
+		and copy detection will find
+		something interesting to do.
+		EOF
+		cat >file2 <<-EOF &&
+		/*
+		 * This blob looks a bit
+		 * different.
+		 */
+		int main(int argc, char **argv)
+		{
+			char text[200];
+
+			strcpy(text, "copy/rename this");
+			printf("text is %s\n", text);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		EOF
+		p4 add file1 file2 &&
+		p4 submit -d "add files"
+	)
+'
+
+# Rename a file and confirm that rename is not detected in P4.
+# Rename the new file again with detectRenames option enabled and confirm that
+# this is detected in P4.
+# Rename the new file again adding an extra line, configure a big threshold in
+# detectRenames and confirm that rename is not detected in P4.
+# Repeat, this time with a smaller threshold and confirm that the rename is
+# detected in P4.
+test_expect_success 'detect renames' '
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+
+		git mv file1 file4 &&
+		git commit -a -m "Rename file1 to file4" &&
+		git diff-tree -r -M HEAD &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		p4 filelog //depot/file4 >filelog &&
+		! grep " from //depot" filelog &&
+
+		git mv file4 file5 &&
+		git commit -a -m "Rename file4 to file5" &&
+		git diff-tree -r -M HEAD &&
+		git config git-p4.detectRenames true &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		p4 filelog //depot/file5 >filelog &&
+		grep " from //depot/file4" filelog &&
+
+		git mv file5 file6 &&
+		echo update >>file6 &&
+		git add file6 &&
+		git commit -a -m "Rename file5 to file6 with changes" &&
+		git diff-tree -r -M HEAD &&
+		level=$(git diff-tree -r -M HEAD | sed 1d | cut -f1 | cut -d" " -f5 | sed "s/R0*//") &&
+		test -n "$level" && test "$level" -gt 0 && test "$level" -lt 98 &&
+		git config git-p4.detectRenames $(($level + 2)) &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		p4 filelog //depot/file6 >filelog &&
+		! grep " from //depot" filelog &&
+
+		git mv file6 file7 &&
+		echo update >>file7 &&
+		git add file7 &&
+		git commit -a -m "Rename file6 to file7 with changes" &&
+		git diff-tree -r -M HEAD &&
+		level=$(git diff-tree -r -M HEAD | sed 1d | cut -f1 | cut -d" " -f5 | sed "s/R0*//") &&
+		test -n "$level" && test "$level" -gt 2 && test "$level" -lt 100 &&
+		git config git-p4.detectRenames $(($level - 2)) &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		p4 filelog //depot/file7 >filelog &&
+		grep " from //depot/file6" filelog
+	)
+'
+
+# Copy a file and confirm that copy is not detected in P4.
+# Copy a file with detectCopies option enabled and confirm that copy is not
+# detected in P4.
+# Modify and copy a file with detectCopies option enabled and confirm that copy
+# is detected in P4.
+# Copy a file with detectCopies and detectCopiesHarder options enabled and
+# confirm that copy is detected in P4.
+# Modify and copy a file, configure a bigger threshold in detectCopies and
+# confirm that copy is not detected in P4.
+# Modify and copy a file, configure a smaller threshold in detectCopies and
+# confirm that copy is detected in P4.
+test_expect_success 'detect copies' '
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+
+		cp file2 file8 &&
+		git add file8 &&
+		git commit -a -m "Copy file2 to file8" &&
+		git diff-tree -r -C HEAD &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		p4 filelog //depot/file8 &&
+		p4 filelog //depot/file8 | test_must_fail grep -q "branch from" &&
+
+		cp file2 file9 &&
+		git add file9 &&
+		git commit -a -m "Copy file2 to file9" &&
+		git diff-tree -r -C HEAD &&
+		git config git-p4.detectCopies true &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		p4 filelog //depot/file9 &&
+		p4 filelog //depot/file9 | test_must_fail grep -q "branch from" &&
+
+		echo "file2" >>file2 &&
+		cp file2 file10 &&
+		git add file2 file10 &&
+		git commit -a -m "Modify and copy file2 to file10" &&
+		git diff-tree -r -C HEAD &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		p4 filelog //depot/file10 &&
+		p4 filelog //depot/file10 | grep -q "branch from //depot/file" &&
+
+		cp file2 file11 &&
+		git add file11 &&
+		git commit -a -m "Copy file2 to file11" &&
+		git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD &&
+		src=$(git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD | sed 1d | cut -f2) &&
+		test "$src" = file10 &&
+		git config git-p4.detectCopiesHarder true &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		p4 filelog //depot/file11 &&
+		p4 filelog //depot/file11 | grep -q "branch from //depot/file" &&
+
+		cp file2 file12 &&
+		echo "some text" >>file12 &&
+		git add file12 &&
+		git commit -a -m "Copy file2 to file12 with changes" &&
+		git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD &&
+		level=$(git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD | sed 1d | cut -f1 | cut -d" " -f5 | sed "s/C0*//") &&
+		test -n "$level" && test "$level" -gt 0 && test "$level" -lt 98 &&
+		src=$(git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD | sed 1d | cut -f2) &&
+		test "$src" = file10 -o "$src" = file11 &&
+		git config git-p4.detectCopies $(($level + 2)) &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		p4 filelog //depot/file12 &&
+		p4 filelog //depot/file12 | test_must_fail grep -q "branch from" &&
+
+		cp file2 file13 &&
+		echo "different text" >>file13 &&
+		git add file13 &&
+		git commit -a -m "Copy file2 to file13 with changes" &&
+		git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD &&
+		level=$(git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD | sed 1d | cut -f1 | cut -d" " -f5 | sed "s/C0*//") &&
+		test -n "$level" && test "$level" -gt 2 && test "$level" -lt 100 &&
+		src=$(git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD | sed 1d | cut -f2) &&
+		test "$src" = file10 -o "$src" = file11 -o "$src" = file12 &&
+		git config git-p4.detectCopies $(($level - 2)) &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		p4 filelog //depot/file13 &&
+		p4 filelog //depot/file13 | grep -q "branch from //depot/file"
+	)
+'
+
+# See if configurables can be set, and in particular if the run.move.allow
+# variable exists, which allows admins to disable the "p4 move" command.
+test_expect_success 'p4 configure command and run.move.allow are available' '
+	p4 configure show run.move.allow >out ; retval=$? &&
+	test $retval = 0 &&
+	{
+		egrep ^run.move.allow: out &&
+		test_set_prereq P4D_HAVE_CONFIGURABLE_RUN_MOVE_ALLOW ||
+		true
+	} || true
+'
+
+# If move can be disabled, turn it off and test p4 move handling
+test_expect_success P4D_HAVE_CONFIGURABLE_RUN_MOVE_ALLOW \
+		    'do not use p4 move when administratively disabled' '
+	test_when_finished "p4 configure set run.move.allow=1" &&
+	p4 configure set run.move.allow=0 &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		echo move-disallow-file >move-disallow-file &&
+		p4 add move-disallow-file &&
+		p4 submit -d "add move-disallow-file"
+	) &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git config git-p4.detectRenames true &&
+		git mv move-disallow-file move-disallow-file-moved &&
+		git commit -m "move move-disallow-file" &&
+		git p4 submit
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
+	kill_p4d
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9815-git-p4-submit-fail.sh b/t/t9815-git-p4-submit-fail.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1243d96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9815-git-p4-submit-fail.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,432 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git p4 submit failure handling'
+
+. ./lib-git-p4.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'start p4d' '
+	start_p4d
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'init depot' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 client -o | sed "/LineEnd/s/:.*/:unix/" | p4 client -i &&
+		echo line1 >file1 &&
+		p4 add file1 &&
+		p4 submit -d "line1 in file1"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'conflict on one commit' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 open file1 &&
+		echo line2 >>file1 &&
+		p4 submit -d "line2 in file1"
+	) &&
+	(
+		# now this commit should cause a conflict
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		echo line3 >>file1 &&
+		git add file1 &&
+		git commit -m "line3 in file1 will conflict" &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit >out &&
+		test_i18ngrep "No commits applied" out
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'conflict on second of two commits' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 open file1 &&
+		echo line3 >>file1 &&
+		p4 submit -d "line3 in file1"
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		# this commit is okay
+		test_commit "first_commit_okay" &&
+		# now this submit should cause a conflict
+		echo line4 >>file1 &&
+		git add file1 &&
+		git commit -m "line4 in file1 will conflict" &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit >out &&
+		test_i18ngrep "Applied only the commits" out
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'conflict on first of two commits, skip' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 open file1 &&
+		echo line4 >>file1 &&
+		p4 submit -d "line4 in file1"
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		# this submit should cause a conflict
+		echo line5 >>file1 &&
+		git add file1 &&
+		git commit -m "line5 in file1 will conflict" &&
+		# but this commit is okay
+		test_commit "okay_commit_after_skip" &&
+		echo s | test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit >out &&
+		test_i18ngrep "Applied only the commits" out
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'conflict on first of two commits, quit' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 open file1 &&
+		echo line7 >>file1 &&
+		p4 submit -d "line7 in file1"
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		# this submit should cause a conflict
+		echo line8 >>file1 &&
+		git add file1 &&
+		git commit -m "line8 in file1 will conflict" &&
+		# but this commit is okay
+		test_commit "okay_commit_after_quit" &&
+		echo q | test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit >out &&
+		test_i18ngrep "No commits applied" out
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'conflict cli and config options' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git p4 submit --conflict=ask &&
+		git p4 submit --conflict=skip &&
+		git p4 submit --conflict=quit &&
+		test_expect_code 2 git p4 submit --conflict=foo &&
+		test_expect_code 2 git p4 submit --conflict &&
+		git config git-p4.conflict foo &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit &&
+		git config --unset git-p4.conflict &&
+		git p4 submit
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'conflict on first of two commits, --conflict=skip' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 open file1 &&
+		echo line9 >>file1 &&
+		p4 submit -d "line9 in file1"
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		# this submit should cause a conflict
+		echo line10 >>file1 &&
+		git add file1 &&
+		git commit -m "line10 in file1 will conflict" &&
+		# but this commit is okay
+		test_commit "okay_commit_after_auto_skip" &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit --conflict=skip >out &&
+		test_i18ngrep "Applied only the commits" out
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'conflict on first of two commits, --conflict=quit' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 open file1 &&
+		echo line11 >>file1 &&
+		p4 submit -d "line11 in file1"
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		# this submit should cause a conflict
+		echo line12 >>file1 &&
+		git add file1 &&
+		git commit -m "line12 in file1 will conflict" &&
+		# but this commit is okay
+		test_commit "okay_commit_after_auto_quit" &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit --conflict=quit >out &&
+		test_i18ngrep "No commits applied" out
+	)
+'
+
+#
+# Cleanup after submit fail, all cases.  Some modifications happen
+# before trying to apply the patch.  Make sure these are unwound
+# properly.  Put each one in a diff along with something that will
+# obviously conflict.  Make sure it is back to normal after.
+#
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup edit p4 populate' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		echo text file >text &&
+		p4 add text &&
+		echo text+x file >text+x &&
+		chmod 755 text+x &&
+		p4 add text+x &&
+		p4 submit -d "populate p4"
+	)
+'
+
+setup_conflict() {
+	# clone before modifying file1 to force it to conflict
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	# ticks outside subshells
+	test_tick &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 open file1 &&
+		echo $test_tick >>file1 &&
+		p4 submit -d "$test_tick in file1"
+	) &&
+	test_tick &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		# easy conflict
+		echo $test_tick >>file1 &&
+		git add file1
+		# caller will add more and submit
+	)
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup edit after submit fail' '
+	setup_conflict &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo another line >>text &&
+		git add text &&
+		git commit -m "conflict" &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		# make sure it is not open
+		! p4 fstat -T action text
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup add after submit fail' '
+	setup_conflict &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo new file >textnew &&
+		git add textnew &&
+		git commit -m "conflict" &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		# make sure it is not there
+		# and that p4 thinks it is not added
+		#   P4 returns 0 both for "not there but added" and
+		#   "not there", so grep.
+		test_path_is_missing textnew &&
+		p4 fstat -T action textnew 2>&1 | grep "no such file"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup delete after submit fail' '
+	setup_conflict &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git rm text+x &&
+		git commit -m "conflict" &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		# make sure it is there
+		test_path_is_file text+x &&
+		! p4 fstat -T action text+x
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup copy after submit fail' '
+	setup_conflict &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		cp text text2 &&
+		git add text2 &&
+		git commit -m "conflict" &&
+		git config git-p4.detectCopies true &&
+		git config git-p4.detectCopiesHarder true &&
+		# make sure setup is okay
+		git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD | grep text2 | grep C100 &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_missing text2 &&
+		p4 fstat -T action text2 2>&1 | grep "no such file"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup rename after submit fail' '
+	setup_conflict &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git mv text text2 &&
+		git commit -m "conflict" &&
+		git config git-p4.detectRenames true &&
+		# make sure setup is okay
+		git diff-tree -r -M HEAD | grep text2 | grep R100 &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_missing text2 &&
+		p4 fstat -T action text2 2>&1 | grep "no such file"
+	)
+'
+
+#
+# Cleanup after deciding not to submit during editTemplate.  This
+# involves unwinding more work, because files have been added, deleted
+# and chmod-ed now.  Same approach as above.
+#
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup edit after submit cancel' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo line >>text &&
+		git add text &&
+		git commit -m text &&
+		echo n | test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit &&
+		git reset --hard HEAD^
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		! p4 fstat -T action text &&
+		test_cmp "$git"/text text
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup add after submit cancel' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo line >textnew &&
+		git add textnew &&
+		git commit -m textnew &&
+		echo n | test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_missing textnew &&
+		p4 fstat -T action textnew 2>&1 | grep "no such file"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup delete after submit cancel' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git rm text &&
+		git commit -m "rm text" &&
+		echo n | test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_file text &&
+		! p4 fstat -T action text
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup copy after submit cancel' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		cp text text2 &&
+		git add text2 &&
+		git commit -m text2 &&
+		git config git-p4.detectCopies true &&
+		git config git-p4.detectCopiesHarder true &&
+		git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD | grep text2 | grep C100 &&
+		echo n | test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_missing text2 &&
+		p4 fstat -T action text2 2>&1 | grep "no such file"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup rename after submit cancel' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git mv text text2 &&
+		git commit -m text2 &&
+		git config git-p4.detectRenames true &&
+		git diff-tree -r -M HEAD | grep text2 | grep R100 &&
+		echo n | test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_missing text2 &&
+		p4 fstat -T action text2 2>&1 | grep "no such file"
+		test_path_is_file text &&
+		! p4 fstat -T action text
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup chmod after submit cancel' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		test_chmod +x text &&
+		test_chmod -x text+x &&
+		git add text text+x &&
+		git commit -m "chmod texts" &&
+		echo n | test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_file text &&
+		! p4 fstat -T action text &&
+		test_path_is_file text+x &&
+		! p4 fstat -T action text+x &&
+		if test_have_prereq NOT_CYGWIN
+		then
+			stat --format=%A text | egrep ^-r-- &&
+			stat --format=%A text+x | egrep ^-r-x
+		fi
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
+	kill_p4d
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9902-completion.sh b/t/t9902-completion.sh
index 256e6a0..6d9d141 100755
--- a/t/t9902-completion.sh
+++ b/t/t9902-completion.sh
@@ -3,21 +3,9 @@
 # Copyright (c) 2012 Felipe Contreras
 #
 
-if test -n "$BASH" && test -z "$POSIXLY_CORRECT"; then
-	# we are in full-on bash mode
-	true
-elif type bash >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-	# execute in full-on bash mode
-	unset POSIXLY_CORRECT
-	exec bash "$0" "$@"
-else
-	echo '1..0 #SKIP skipping bash completion tests; bash not available'
-	exit 0
-fi
-
 test_description='test bash completion'
 
-. ./test-lib.sh
+. ./lib-bash.sh
 
 complete ()
 {
@@ -25,6 +13,25 @@
 	return 0
 }
 
+# Be careful when updating this list:
+#
+# (1) The build tree may have build artifact from different branch, or
+#     the user's $PATH may have a random executable that may begin
+#     with "git-check" that are not part of the subcommands this build
+#     will ship, e.g.  "check-ignore".  The tests for completion for
+#     subcommand names tests how "check" is expanded; we limit the
+#     possible candidates to "checkout" and "check-attr" to make sure
+#     "check-attr", which is known by the filter function as a
+#     subcommand to be thrown out, while excluding other random files
+#     that happen to begin with "check" to avoid letting them get in
+#     the way.
+#
+# (2) A test makes sure that common subcommands are included in the
+#     completion for "git <TAB>", and a plumbing is excluded.  "add",
+#     "filter-branch" and "ls-files" are listed for this.
+
+GIT_TESTING_COMMAND_COMPLETION='add checkout check-attr filter-branch ls-files'
+
 . "$GIT_BUILD_DIR/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash"
 
 # We don't need this function to actually join words or do anything special.
@@ -62,104 +69,147 @@
 	local -a COMPREPLY _words
 	local _cword
 	_words=( $1 )
+	test "${1: -1}" == ' ' && _words+=('')
 	(( _cword = ${#_words[@]} - 1 ))
 	__git_wrap__git_main && print_comp
 }
 
+# Test high-level completion
+# Arguments are:
+# 1: typed text so far (cur)
+# 2: expected completion
 test_completion ()
 {
-	test $# -gt 1 && echo "$2" > expected
-	run_completion "$@" &&
+	if test $# -gt 1
+	then
+		printf '%s\n' "$2" >expected
+	else
+		sed -e 's/Z$//' >expected
+	fi &&
+	run_completion "$1" &&
 	test_cmp expected out
 }
 
-newline=$'\n'
+# Test __gitcomp.
+# The first argument is the typed text so far (cur); the rest are
+# passed to __gitcomp.  Expected output comes is read from the
+# standard input, like test_completion().
+test_gitcomp ()
+{
+	local -a COMPREPLY &&
+	sed -e 's/Z$//' >expected &&
+	cur="$1" &&
+	shift &&
+	__gitcomp "$@" &&
+	print_comp &&
+	test_cmp expected out
+}
+
+# Test __gitcomp_nl
+# Arguments are:
+# 1: current word (cur)
+# -: the rest are passed to __gitcomp_nl
+test_gitcomp_nl ()
+{
+	local -a COMPREPLY &&
+	sed -e 's/Z$//' >expected &&
+	cur="$1" &&
+	shift &&
+	__gitcomp_nl "$@" &&
+	print_comp &&
+	test_cmp expected out
+}
+
+invalid_variable_name='${foo.bar}'
 
 test_expect_success '__gitcomp - trailing space - options' '
-	sed -e "s/Z$//" >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	test_gitcomp "--re" "--dry-run --reuse-message= --reedit-message=
+		--reset-author" <<-EOF
 	--reuse-message=Z
 	--reedit-message=Z
 	--reset-author Z
 	EOF
-	(
-		local -a COMPREPLY &&
-		cur="--re" &&
-		__gitcomp "--dry-run --reuse-message= --reedit-message=
-				--reset-author" &&
-		IFS="$newline" &&
-		echo "${COMPREPLY[*]}" > out
-	) &&
-	test_cmp expected out
 '
 
 test_expect_success '__gitcomp - trailing space - config keys' '
-	sed -e "s/Z$//" >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	test_gitcomp "br" "branch. branch.autosetupmerge
+		branch.autosetuprebase browser." <<-\EOF
 	branch.Z
 	branch.autosetupmerge Z
 	branch.autosetuprebase Z
 	browser.Z
 	EOF
-	(
-		local -a COMPREPLY &&
-		cur="br" &&
-		__gitcomp "branch. branch.autosetupmerge
-				branch.autosetuprebase browser." &&
-		IFS="$newline" &&
-		echo "${COMPREPLY[*]}" > out
-	) &&
-	test_cmp expected out
 '
 
 test_expect_success '__gitcomp - option parameter' '
-	sed -e "s/Z$//" >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	test_gitcomp "--strategy=re" "octopus ours recursive resolve subtree" \
+		"" "re" <<-\EOF
 	recursive Z
 	resolve Z
 	EOF
-	(
-		local -a COMPREPLY &&
-		cur="--strategy=re" &&
-		__gitcomp "octopus ours recursive resolve subtree
-			" "" "re" &&
-		IFS="$newline" &&
-		echo "${COMPREPLY[*]}" > out
-	) &&
-	test_cmp expected out
 '
 
 test_expect_success '__gitcomp - prefix' '
-	sed -e "s/Z$//" >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	test_gitcomp "branch.me" "remote merge mergeoptions rebase" \
+		"branch.maint." "me" <<-\EOF
 	branch.maint.merge Z
 	branch.maint.mergeoptions Z
 	EOF
-	(
-		local -a COMPREPLY &&
-		cur="branch.me" &&
-		__gitcomp "remote merge mergeoptions rebase
-			" "branch.maint." "me" &&
-		IFS="$newline" &&
-		echo "${COMPREPLY[*]}" > out
-	) &&
-	test_cmp expected out
 '
 
 test_expect_success '__gitcomp - suffix' '
-	sed -e "s/Z$//" >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	test_gitcomp "branch.me" "master maint next pu" "branch." \
+		"ma" "." <<-\EOF
 	branch.master.Z
 	branch.maint.Z
 	EOF
-	(
-		local -a COMPREPLY &&
-		cur="branch.me" &&
-		__gitcomp "master maint next pu
-			" "branch." "ma" "." &&
-		IFS="$newline" &&
-		echo "${COMPREPLY[*]}" > out
-	) &&
-	test_cmp expected out
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitcomp - doesnt fail because of invalid variable name' '
+	__gitcomp "$invalid_variable_name"
+'
+
+read -r -d "" refs <<-\EOF
+maint
+master
+next
+pu
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success '__gitcomp_nl - trailing space' '
+	test_gitcomp_nl "m" "$refs" <<-EOF
+	maint Z
+	master Z
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitcomp_nl - prefix' '
+	test_gitcomp_nl "--fixup=m" "$refs" "--fixup=" "m" <<-EOF
+	--fixup=maint Z
+	--fixup=master Z
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitcomp_nl - suffix' '
+	test_gitcomp_nl "branch.ma" "$refs" "branch." "ma" "." <<-\EOF
+	branch.maint.Z
+	branch.master.Z
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitcomp_nl - no suffix' '
+	test_gitcomp_nl "ma" "$refs" "" "ma" "" <<-\EOF
+	maintZ
+	masterZ
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitcomp_nl - doesnt fail because of invalid variable name' '
+	__gitcomp_nl "$invalid_variable_name"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'basic' '
-	run_completion "git \"\"" &&
+	run_completion "git " &&
 	# built-in
 	grep -q "^add \$" out &&
 	# script
@@ -172,7 +222,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'double dash "git" itself' '
-	sed -e "s/Z$//" >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	test_completion "git --" <<-\EOF
 	--paginate Z
 	--no-pager Z
 	--git-dir=
@@ -187,11 +237,10 @@
 	--no-replace-objects Z
 	--help Z
 	EOF
-	test_completion "git --"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'double dash "git checkout"' '
-	sed -e "s/Z$//" >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	test_completion "git checkout --" <<-\EOF
 	--quiet Z
 	--ours Z
 	--theirs Z
@@ -202,17 +251,15 @@
 	--orphan Z
 	--patch Z
 	EOF
-	test_completion "git checkout --"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'general options' '
 	test_completion "git --ver" "--version " &&
 	test_completion "git --hel" "--help " &&
-	sed -e "s/Z$//" >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	test_completion "git --exe" <<-\EOF &&
 	--exec-path Z
 	--exec-path=
 	EOF
-	test_completion "git --exe" &&
 	test_completion "git --htm" "--html-path " &&
 	test_completion "git --pag" "--paginate " &&
 	test_completion "git --no-p" "--no-pager " &&
@@ -229,7 +276,6 @@
 	test_completion "git --paginate check" "checkout " &&
 	test_completion "git --git-dir=foo check" "checkout " &&
 	test_completion "git --bare check" "checkout " &&
-	test_completion "git --help des" "describe " &&
 	test_completion "git --exec-path=foo check" "checkout " &&
 	test_completion "git --html-path check" "checkout " &&
 	test_completion "git --no-pager check" "checkout " &&
@@ -240,4 +286,65 @@
 	test_completion "git --no-replace-objects check" "checkout "
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git --help completion' '
+	test_completion "git --help ad" "add " &&
+	test_completion "git --help core" "core-tutorial "
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup for ref completion' '
+	echo content >file1 &&
+	echo more >file2 &&
+	git add . &&
+	git commit -m one &&
+	git branch mybranch &&
+	git tag mytag
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout completes ref names' '
+	test_completion "git checkout m" <<-\EOF
+	master Z
+	mybranch Z
+	mytag Z
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'show completes all refs' '
+	test_completion "git show m" <<-\EOF
+	master Z
+	mybranch Z
+	mytag Z
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success '<ref>: completes paths' '
+	test_completion "git show mytag:f" <<-\EOF
+	file1 Z
+	file2 Z
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'complete tree filename with spaces' '
+	echo content >"name with spaces" &&
+	git add . &&
+	git commit -m spaces &&
+	test_completion "git show HEAD:nam" <<-\EOF
+	name with spaces Z
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'complete tree filename with metacharacters' '
+	echo content >"name with \${meta}" &&
+	git add . &&
+	git commit -m meta &&
+	test_completion "git show HEAD:nam" <<-\EOF
+	name with ${meta} Z
+	name with spaces Z
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'send-email' '
+	test_completion "git send-email --cov" "--cover-letter " &&
+	test_completion "git send-email ma" "master "
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t9903-bash-prompt.sh b/t/t9903-bash-prompt.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..15521cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9903-bash-prompt.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,538 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 SZEDER Gábor
+#
+
+test_description='test git-specific bash prompt functions'
+
+. ./lib-bash.sh
+
+. "$GIT_BUILD_DIR/contrib/completion/git-prompt.sh"
+
+actual="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/actual"
+
+test_expect_success 'setup for prompt tests' '
+	mkdir -p subdir/subsubdir &&
+	git init otherrepo &&
+	echo 1 > file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	git tag -a -m msg1 t1 &&
+	git checkout -b b1 &&
+	echo 2 > file &&
+	git commit -m "second b1" file &&
+	echo 3 > file &&
+	git commit -m "third b1" file &&
+	git tag -a -m msg2 t2 &&
+	git checkout -b b2 master &&
+	echo 0 > file &&
+	git commit -m "second b2" file &&
+	echo 00 > file &&
+	git commit -m "another b2" file &&
+	echo 000 > file &&
+	git commit -m "yet another b2" file &&
+	git checkout master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'gitdir - from command line (through $__git_dir)' '
+	echo "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" > expected &&
+	(
+		__git_dir="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" &&
+		__gitdir > "$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'gitdir - repo as argument' '
+	echo "otherrepo/.git" > expected &&
+	__gitdir "otherrepo" > "$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'gitdir - remote as argument' '
+	echo "remote" > expected &&
+	__gitdir "remote" > "$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'gitdir - .git directory in cwd' '
+	echo ".git" > expected &&
+	__gitdir > "$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'gitdir - .git directory in parent' '
+	echo "$(pwd -P)/.git" > expected &&
+	(
+		cd subdir/subsubdir &&
+		__gitdir > "$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'gitdir - cwd is a .git directory' '
+	echo "." > expected &&
+	(
+		cd .git &&
+		__gitdir > "$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'gitdir - parent is a .git directory' '
+	echo "$(pwd -P)/.git" > expected &&
+	(
+		cd .git/refs/heads &&
+		__gitdir > "$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'gitdir - $GIT_DIR set while .git directory in cwd' '
+	echo "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" > expected &&
+	(
+		GIT_DIR="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" &&
+		export GIT_DIR &&
+		__gitdir > "$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'gitdir - $GIT_DIR set while .git directory in parent' '
+	echo "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" > expected &&
+	(
+		GIT_DIR="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" &&
+		export GIT_DIR &&
+		cd subdir &&
+		__gitdir > "$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'gitdir - non-existing $GIT_DIR' '
+	(
+		GIT_DIR="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/non-existing" &&
+		export GIT_DIR &&
+		test_must_fail __gitdir
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'gitdir - gitfile in cwd' '
+	echo "$(pwd -P)/otherrepo/.git" > expected &&
+	echo "gitdir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" > subdir/.git &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f subdir/.git" &&
+	(
+		cd subdir &&
+		__gitdir > "$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'gitdir - gitfile in parent' '
+	echo "$(pwd -P)/otherrepo/.git" > expected &&
+	echo "gitdir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" > subdir/.git &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f subdir/.git" &&
+	(
+		cd subdir/subsubdir &&
+		__gitdir > "$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'gitdir - resulting path avoids symlinks' '
+	echo "$(pwd -P)/otherrepo/.git" > expected &&
+	mkdir otherrepo/dir &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf otherrepo/dir" &&
+	ln -s otherrepo/dir link &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f link" &&
+	(
+		cd link &&
+		__gitdir > "$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'gitdir - not a git repository' '
+	(
+		cd subdir/subsubdir &&
+		GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_DIRECTORY" &&
+		export GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES &&
+		test_must_fail __gitdir
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - branch name' '
+	printf " (master)" > expected &&
+	__git_ps1 > "$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - detached head' '
+	printf " ((%s...))" $(git log -1 --format="%h" b1^) > expected &&
+	git checkout b1^ &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
+	__git_ps1 > "$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - describe detached head - contains' '
+	printf " ((t2~1))" > expected &&
+	git checkout b1^ &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_DESCRIBE_STYLE=contains &&
+		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - describe detached head - branch' '
+	printf " ((b1~1))" > expected &&
+	git checkout b1^ &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_DESCRIBE_STYLE=branch &&
+		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - describe detached head - describe' '
+	printf " ((t1-1-g%s))" $(git log -1 --format="%h" b1^) > expected &&
+	git checkout b1^ &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_DESCRIBE_STYLE=describe &&
+		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - describe detached head - default' '
+	printf " ((t2))" > expected &&
+	git checkout --detach b1 &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
+	__git_ps1 > "$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - inside .git directory' '
+	printf " (GIT_DIR!)" > expected &&
+	(
+		cd .git &&
+		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - deep inside .git directory' '
+	printf " (GIT_DIR!)" > expected &&
+	(
+		cd .git/refs/heads &&
+		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - inside bare repository' '
+	printf " (BARE:master)" > expected &&
+	git init --bare bare.git &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf bare.git" &&
+	(
+		cd bare.git &&
+		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - interactive rebase' '
+	printf " (b1|REBASE-i 2/3)" > expected
+	echo "#!$SHELL_PATH" >fake_editor.sh &&
+	cat >>fake_editor.sh <<\EOF &&
+echo "exec echo" > "$1"
+echo "edit $(git log -1 --format="%h")" >> "$1"
+echo "exec echo" >> "$1"
+EOF
+	test_when_finished "rm -f fake_editor.sh" &&
+	chmod a+x fake_editor.sh &&
+	test_set_editor "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/fake_editor.sh" &&
+	git checkout b1 &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
+	git rebase -i HEAD^ &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort"
+	__git_ps1 > "$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - rebase merge' '
+	printf " (b2|REBASE-m 1/3)" > expected &&
+	git checkout b2 &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase --merge b1 b2 &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	__git_ps1 > "$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - rebase' '
+	printf " (b2|REBASE 1/3)" > expected &&
+	git checkout b2 &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase b1 b2 &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	__git_ps1 > "$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - merge' '
+	printf " (b1|MERGING)" > expected &&
+	git checkout b1 &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
+	test_must_fail git merge b2 &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	__git_ps1 > "$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - cherry-pick' '
+	printf " (master|CHERRY-PICKING)" > expected &&
+	test_must_fail git cherry-pick b1 &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	__git_ps1 > "$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - bisect' '
+	printf " (master|BISECTING)" > expected &&
+	git bisect start &&
+	test_when_finished "git bisect reset" &&
+	__git_ps1 > "$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - clean' '
+	printf " (master)" > expected &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
+		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - dirty worktree' '
+	printf " (master *)" > expected &&
+	echo "dirty" > file &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
+		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - dirty index' '
+	printf " (master +)" > expected &&
+	echo "dirty" > file &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	git add -u &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
+		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - dirty index and worktree' '
+	printf " (master *+)" > expected &&
+	echo "dirty index" > file &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	git add -u &&
+	echo "dirty worktree" > file &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
+		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - before root commit' '
+	printf " (master #)" > expected &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
+		cd otherrepo &&
+		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - shell variable unset with config disabled' '
+	printf " (master)" > expected &&
+	echo "dirty" > file &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	test_config bash.showDirtyState false &&
+	(
+		sane_unset GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE &&
+		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - shell variable unset with config enabled' '
+	printf " (master)" > expected &&
+	echo "dirty" > file &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	test_config bash.showDirtyState true &&
+	(
+		sane_unset GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE &&
+		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - shell variable set with config disabled' '
+	printf " (master)" > expected &&
+	echo "dirty" > file &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	test_config bash.showDirtyState false &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
+		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - shell variable set with config enabled' '
+	printf " (master *)" > expected &&
+	echo "dirty" > file &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	test_config bash.showDirtyState true &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
+		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - not shown inside .git directory' '
+	printf " (GIT_DIR!)" > expected &&
+	echo "dirty" > file &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
+		cd .git &&
+		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - stash status indicator - no stash' '
+	printf " (master)" > expected &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWSTASHSTATE=y &&
+		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - stash status indicator - stash' '
+	printf " (master $)" > expected &&
+	echo 2 >file &&
+	git stash &&
+	test_when_finished "git stash drop" &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWSTASHSTATE=y &&
+		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - stash status indicator - not shown inside .git directory' '
+	printf " (GIT_DIR!)" > expected &&
+	echo 2 >file &&
+	git stash &&
+	test_when_finished "git stash drop" &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWSTASHSTATE=y &&
+		cd .git &&
+		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - untracked files status indicator - no untracked files' '
+	printf " (master)" > expected &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES=y &&
+		cd otherrepo &&
+		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - untracked files status indicator - untracked files' '
+	printf " (master %%)" > expected &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES=y &&
+		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - untracked files status indicator - shell variable unset with config disabled' '
+	printf " (master)" > expected &&
+	test_config bash.showUntrackedFiles false &&
+	(
+		sane_unset GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES &&
+		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - untracked files status indicator - shell variable unset with config enabled' '
+	printf " (master)" > expected &&
+	test_config bash.showUntrackedFiles true &&
+	(
+		sane_unset GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES &&
+		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - untracked files status indicator - shell variable set with config disabled' '
+	printf " (master)" > expected &&
+	test_config bash.showUntrackedFiles false &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES=y &&
+		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - untracked files status indicator - shell variable set with config enabled' '
+	printf " (master %%)" > expected &&
+	test_config bash.showUntrackedFiles true &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES=y &&
+		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - untracked files status indicator - not shown inside .git directory' '
+	printf " (GIT_DIR!)" > expected &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES=y &&
+		cd .git &&
+		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - format string starting with dash' '
+	printf -- "-master" > expected &&
+	__git_ps1 "-%s" > "$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/test-lib-functions.sh b/t/test-lib-functions.sh
index 7b3b4be..5251009 100644
--- a/t/test-lib-functions.sh
+++ b/t/test-lib-functions.sh
@@ -76,11 +76,11 @@
 }
 
 nul_to_q () {
-	perl -pe 'y/\000/Q/'
+	"$PERL_PATH" -pe 'y/\000/Q/'
 }
 
 q_to_nul () {
-	perl -pe 'y/Q/\000/'
+	"$PERL_PATH" -pe 'y/Q/\000/'
 }
 
 q_to_cr () {
@@ -91,6 +91,10 @@
 	tr Q '\011'
 }
 
+qz_to_tab_space () {
+	tr QZ '\011\040'
+}
+
 append_cr () {
 	sed -e 's/$/Q/' | tr Q '\015'
 }
@@ -135,20 +139,40 @@
 	fi
 }
 
-# Call test_commit with the arguments "<message> [<file> [<contents>]]"
+# Call test_commit with the arguments "<message> [<file> [<contents> [<tag>]]]"
 #
 # This will commit a file with the given contents and the given commit
-# message.  It will also add a tag with <message> as name.
+# message, and tag the resulting commit with the given tag name.
 #
-# Both <file> and <contents> default to <message>.
+# <file>, <contents>, and <tag> all default to <message>.
 
 test_commit () {
-	file=${2:-"$1.t"}
+	notick= &&
+	signoff= &&
+	while test $# != 0
+	do
+		case "$1" in
+		--notick)
+			notick=yes
+			;;
+		--signoff)
+			signoff="$1"
+			;;
+		*)
+			break
+			;;
+		esac
+		shift
+	done &&
+	file=${2:-"$1.t"} &&
 	echo "${3-$1}" > "$file" &&
 	git add "$file" &&
-	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m "$1" &&
-	git tag "$1"
+	if test -z "$notick"
+	then
+		test_tick
+	fi &&
+	git commit $signoff -m "$1" &&
+	git tag "${4:-$1}"
 }
 
 # Call test_merge with the arguments "<message> <commit>", where <commit>
@@ -212,9 +236,35 @@
 # capital letters by convention).
 
 test_set_prereq () {
-	satisfied="$satisfied$1 "
+	satisfied_prereq="$satisfied_prereq$1 "
 }
-satisfied=" "
+satisfied_prereq=" "
+lazily_testable_prereq= lazily_tested_prereq=
+
+# Usage: test_lazy_prereq PREREQ 'script'
+test_lazy_prereq () {
+	lazily_testable_prereq="$lazily_testable_prereq$1 "
+	eval test_prereq_lazily_$1=\$2
+}
+
+test_run_lazy_prereq_ () {
+	script='
+mkdir -p "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/prereq-test-dir" &&
+(
+	cd "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/prereq-test-dir" &&'"$2"'
+)'
+	say >&3 "checking prerequisite: $1"
+	say >&3 "$script"
+	test_eval_ "$script"
+	eval_ret=$?
+	rm -rf "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/prereq-test-dir"
+	if test "$eval_ret" = 0; then
+		say >&3 "prerequisite $1 ok"
+	else
+		say >&3 "prerequisite $1 not satisfied"
+	fi
+	return $eval_ret
+}
 
 test_have_prereq () {
 	# prerequisites can be concatenated with ','
@@ -229,13 +279,48 @@
 
 	for prerequisite
 	do
-		total_prereq=$(($total_prereq + 1))
-		case $satisfied in
+		case "$prerequisite" in
+		!*)
+			negative_prereq=t
+			prerequisite=${prerequisite#!}
+			;;
+		*)
+			negative_prereq=
+		esac
+
+		case " $lazily_tested_prereq " in
 		*" $prerequisite "*)
+			;;
+		*)
+			case " $lazily_testable_prereq " in
+			*" $prerequisite "*)
+				eval "script=\$test_prereq_lazily_$prerequisite" &&
+				if test_run_lazy_prereq_ "$prerequisite" "$script"
+				then
+					test_set_prereq $prerequisite
+				fi
+				lazily_tested_prereq="$lazily_tested_prereq$prerequisite "
+			esac
+			;;
+		esac
+
+		total_prereq=$(($total_prereq + 1))
+		case "$satisfied_prereq" in
+		*" $prerequisite "*)
+			satisfied_this_prereq=t
+			;;
+		*)
+			satisfied_this_prereq=
+		esac
+
+		case "$satisfied_this_prereq,$negative_prereq" in
+		t,|,t)
 			ok_prereq=$(($ok_prereq + 1))
 			;;
 		*)
-			# Keep a list of missing prerequisites
+			# Keep a list of missing prerequisites; restore
+			# the negative marker if necessary.
+			prerequisite=${negative_prereq:+!}$prerequisite
 			if test -z "$missing_prereq"
 			then
 				missing_prereq=$prerequisite
@@ -455,6 +540,9 @@
 	elif test $exit_code = 127; then
 		echo >&2 "test_must_fail: command not found: $*"
 		return 1
+	elif test $exit_code = 126; then
+		echo >&2 "test_must_fail: valgrind error: $*"
+		return 1
 	fi
 	return 0
 }
@@ -521,6 +609,34 @@
 	$GIT_TEST_CMP "$@"
 }
 
+# Tests that its two parameters refer to the same revision
+test_cmp_rev () {
+	git rev-parse --verify "$1" >expect.rev &&
+	git rev-parse --verify "$2" >actual.rev &&
+	test_cmp expect.rev actual.rev
+}
+
+# Print a sequence of numbers or letters in increasing order.  This is
+# similar to GNU seq(1), but the latter might not be available
+# everywhere (and does not do letters).  It may be used like:
+#
+#	for i in `test_seq 100`; do
+#		for j in `test_seq 10 20`; do
+#			for k in `test_seq a z`; do
+#				echo $i-$j-$k
+#			done
+#		done
+#	done
+
+test_seq () {
+	case $# in
+	1)	set 1 "$@" ;;
+	2)	;;
+	*)	error "bug in the test script: not 1 or 2 parameters to test_seq" ;;
+	esac
+	"$PERL_PATH" -le 'print for $ARGV[0]..$ARGV[1]' -- "$@"
+}
+
 # This function can be used to schedule some commands to be run
 # unconditionally at the end of the test to restore sanity:
 #
diff --git a/t/test-lib.sh b/t/test-lib.sh
index 9e2b711..ca6bdef 100644
--- a/t/test-lib.sh
+++ b/t/test-lib.sh
@@ -15,6 +15,38 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 # along with this program.  If not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/ .
 
+# Keep the original TERM for say_color
+ORIGINAL_TERM=$TERM
+
+# Test the binaries we have just built.  The tests are kept in
+# t/ subdirectory and are run in 'trash directory' subdirectory.
+if test -z "$TEST_DIRECTORY"
+then
+	# We allow tests to override this, in case they want to run tests
+	# outside of t/, e.g. for running tests on the test library
+	# itself.
+	TEST_DIRECTORY=$(pwd)
+fi
+if test -z "$TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY"
+then
+	# Similarly, override this to store the test-results subdir
+	# elsewhere
+	TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY=$TEST_DIRECTORY
+fi
+GIT_BUILD_DIR="$TEST_DIRECTORY"/..
+
+################################################################
+# It appears that people try to run tests without building...
+"$GIT_BUILD_DIR/git" >/dev/null
+if test $? != 1
+then
+	echo >&2 'error: you do not seem to have built git yet.'
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+. "$GIT_BUILD_DIR"/GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS
+export PERL_PATH SHELL_PATH
+
 # if --tee was passed, write the output not only to the terminal, but
 # additionally to the file test-results/$BASENAME.out, too.
 case "$GIT_TEST_TEE_STARTED, $* " in
@@ -24,16 +56,13 @@
 *' --tee '*|*' --va'*)
 	mkdir -p test-results
 	BASE=test-results/$(basename "$0" .sh)
-	(GIT_TEST_TEE_STARTED=done ${SHELL-sh} "$0" "$@" 2>&1;
+	(GIT_TEST_TEE_STARTED=done ${SHELL_PATH} "$0" "$@" 2>&1;
 	 echo $? > $BASE.exit) | tee $BASE.out
 	test "$(cat $BASE.exit)" = 0
 	exit
 	;;
 esac
 
-# Keep the original TERM for say_color
-ORIGINAL_TERM=$TERM
-
 # For repeatability, reset the environment to known value.
 LANG=C
 LC_ALL=C
@@ -46,7 +75,7 @@
 # /usr/xpg4/bin/sh and /bin/ksh to bail out.  So keep the unsets
 # deriving from the command substitution clustered with the other
 # ones.
-unset VISUAL EMAIL LANGUAGE COLUMNS $(perl -e '
+unset VISUAL EMAIL LANGUAGE COLUMNS $("$PERL_PATH" -e '
 	my @env = keys %ENV;
 	my $ok = join("|", qw(
 		TRACE
@@ -56,11 +85,13 @@
 		.*_TEST
 		PROVE
 		VALGRIND
-		PERF_AGGREGATING_LATER
+		UNZIP
+		PERF_
 	));
 	my @vars = grep(/^GIT_/ && !/^GIT_($ok)/o, @env);
 	print join("\n", @vars);
 ')
+unset XDG_CONFIG_HOME
 GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL=author@example.com
 GIT_AUTHOR_NAME='A U Thor'
 GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL=committer@example.com
@@ -72,19 +103,41 @@
 export GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL GIT_COMMITTER_NAME
 export EDITOR
 
+# Add libc MALLOC and MALLOC_PERTURB test
+# only if we are not executing the test with valgrind
+if expr " $GIT_TEST_OPTS " : ".* --valgrind " >/dev/null ||
+   test -n "$TEST_NO_MALLOC_CHECK"
+then
+	setup_malloc_check () {
+		: nothing
+	}
+	teardown_malloc_check () {
+		: nothing
+	}
+else
+	setup_malloc_check () {
+		MALLOC_CHECK_=3	MALLOC_PERTURB_=165
+		export MALLOC_CHECK_ MALLOC_PERTURB_
+	}
+	teardown_malloc_check () {
+		unset MALLOC_CHECK_ MALLOC_PERTURB_
+	}
+fi
+
 # Protect ourselves from common misconfiguration to export
 # CDPATH into the environment
 unset CDPATH
 
 unset GREP_OPTIONS
+unset UNZIP
 
 case $(echo $GIT_TRACE |tr "[A-Z]" "[a-z]") in
-	1|2|true)
-		echo "* warning: Some tests will not work if GIT_TRACE" \
-			"is set as to trace on STDERR ! *"
-		echo "* warning: Please set GIT_TRACE to something" \
-			"other than 1, 2 or true ! *"
-		;;
+1|2|true)
+	echo "* warning: Some tests will not work if GIT_TRACE" \
+		"is set as to trace on STDERR ! *"
+	echo "* warning: Please set GIT_TRACE to something" \
+		"other than 1, 2 or true ! *"
+	;;
 esac
 
 # Convenience
@@ -140,7 +193,11 @@
 	--no-color)
 		color=; shift ;;
 	--va|--val|--valg|--valgr|--valgri|--valgrin|--valgrind)
-		valgrind=t; verbose=t; shift ;;
+		valgrind=memcheck
+		shift ;;
+	--valgrind=*)
+		valgrind=$(expr "z$1" : 'z[^=]*=\(.*\)')
+		shift ;;
 	--tee)
 		shift ;; # was handled already
 	--root=*)
@@ -151,17 +208,27 @@
 	esac
 done
 
-if test -n "$color"; then
+test -n "$valgrind" && verbose=t
+
+if test -n "$color"
+then
 	say_color () {
 		(
 		TERM=$ORIGINAL_TERM
 		export TERM
 		case "$1" in
-			error) tput bold; tput setaf 1;; # bold red
-			skip)  tput bold; tput setaf 2;; # bold green
-			pass)  tput setaf 2;;            # green
-			info)  tput setaf 3;;            # brown
-			*) test -n "$quiet" && return;;
+		error)
+			tput bold; tput setaf 1;; # bold red
+		skip)
+			tput setaf 4;; # blue
+		warn)
+			tput setaf 3;; # brown/yellow
+		pass)
+			tput setaf 2;; # green
+		info)
+			tput setaf 6;; # cyan
+		*)
+			test -n "$quiet" && return;;
 		esac
 		shift
 		printf "%s" "$*"
@@ -173,7 +240,7 @@
 	say_color() {
 		test -z "$1" && test -n "$quiet" && return
 		shift
-		echo "$*"
+		printf "%s\n" "$*"
 	}
 fi
 
@@ -229,7 +296,7 @@
 
 # The user-facing functions are loaded from a separate file so that
 # test_perf subshells can have them too
-. "${TEST_DIRECTORY:-.}"/test-lib-functions.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY/test-lib-functions.sh"
 
 # You are not expected to call test_ok_ and test_failure_ directly, use
 # the text_expect_* functions instead.
@@ -241,7 +308,7 @@
 
 test_failure_ () {
 	test_failure=$(($test_failure + 1))
-	say_color error "not ok - $test_count $1"
+	say_color error "not ok $test_count - $1"
 	shift
 	echo "$@" | sed -e 's/^/#	/'
 	test "$immediate" = "" || { GIT_EXIT_OK=t; exit 1; }
@@ -249,12 +316,12 @@
 
 test_known_broken_ok_ () {
 	test_fixed=$(($test_fixed+1))
-	say_color "" "ok $test_count - $@ # TODO known breakage"
+	say_color error "ok $test_count - $@ # TODO known breakage vanished"
 }
 
 test_known_broken_failure_ () {
 	test_broken=$(($test_broken+1))
-	say_color skip "not ok $test_count - $@ # TODO known breakage"
+	say_color warn "not ok $test_count - $@ # TODO known breakage"
 }
 
 test_debug () {
@@ -275,9 +342,12 @@
 
 	if test -z "$immediate" || test $eval_ret = 0 || test -n "$expecting_failure"
 	then
+		setup_malloc_check
 		test_eval_ "$test_cleanup"
+		teardown_malloc_check
 	fi
-	if test "$verbose" = "t" && test -n "$HARNESS_ACTIVE"; then
+	if test "$verbose" = "t" && test -n "$HARNESS_ACTIVE"
+	then
 		echo ""
 	fi
 	return "$eval_ret"
@@ -325,10 +395,12 @@
 test_done () {
 	GIT_EXIT_OK=t
 
-	if test -z "$HARNESS_ACTIVE"; then
+	if test -z "$HARNESS_ACTIVE"
+	then
 		test_results_dir="$TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY/test-results"
 		mkdir -p "$test_results_dir"
-		test_results_path="$test_results_dir/${0%.sh}-$$.counts"
+		base=${0##*/}
+		test_results_path="$test_results_dir/${base%.sh}-$$.counts"
 
 		cat >>"$test_results_path" <<-EOF
 		total $test_count
@@ -342,22 +414,35 @@
 
 	if test "$test_fixed" != 0
 	then
-		say_color pass "# fixed $test_fixed known breakage(s)"
+		say_color error "# $test_fixed known breakage(s) vanished; please update test(s)"
 	fi
 	if test "$test_broken" != 0
 	then
-		say_color error "# still have $test_broken known breakage(s)"
-		msg="remaining $(($test_count-$test_broken)) test(s)"
+		say_color warn "# still have $test_broken known breakage(s)"
+	fi
+	if test "$test_broken" != 0 || test "$test_fixed" != 0
+	then
+		test_remaining=$(( $test_count - $test_broken - $test_fixed ))
+		msg="remaining $test_remaining test(s)"
 	else
+		test_remaining=$test_count
 		msg="$test_count test(s)"
 	fi
 	case "$test_failure" in
 	0)
 		# Maybe print SKIP message
+		if test -n "$skip_all" && test $test_count -gt 0
+		then
+			error "Can't use skip_all after running some tests"
+		fi
 		[ -z "$skip_all" ] || skip_all=" # SKIP $skip_all"
 
-		if test $test_external_has_tap -eq 0; then
-			say_color pass "# passed all $msg"
+		if test $test_external_has_tap -eq 0
+		then
+			if test $test_remaining -gt 0
+			then
+				say_color pass "# passed all $msg"
+			fi
 			say "1..$test_count$skip_all"
 		fi
 
@@ -370,7 +455,8 @@
 		exit 0 ;;
 
 	*)
-		if test $test_external_has_tap -eq 0; then
+		if test $test_external_has_tap -eq 0
+		then
 			say_color error "# failed $test_failure among $msg"
 			say "1..$test_count"
 		fi
@@ -380,23 +466,6 @@
 	esac
 }
 
-# Test the binaries we have just built.  The tests are kept in
-# t/ subdirectory and are run in 'trash directory' subdirectory.
-if test -z "$TEST_DIRECTORY"
-then
-	# We allow tests to override this, in case they want to run tests
-	# outside of t/, e.g. for running tests on the test library
-	# itself.
-	TEST_DIRECTORY=$(pwd)
-fi
-if test -z "$TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY"
-then
-	# Similarly, override this to store the test-results subdir
-	# elsewhere
-	TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY=$TEST_DIRECTORY
-fi
-GIT_BUILD_DIR="$TEST_DIRECTORY"/..
-
 if test -n "$valgrind"
 then
 	make_symlink () {
@@ -467,22 +536,28 @@
 	PATH=$GIT_VALGRIND/bin:$PATH
 	GIT_EXEC_PATH=$GIT_VALGRIND/bin
 	export GIT_VALGRIND
-elif test -n "$GIT_TEST_INSTALLED" ; then
+	GIT_VALGRIND_MODE="$valgrind"
+	export GIT_VALGRIND_MODE
+elif test -n "$GIT_TEST_INSTALLED"
+then
 	GIT_EXEC_PATH=$($GIT_TEST_INSTALLED/git --exec-path)  ||
 	error "Cannot run git from $GIT_TEST_INSTALLED."
 	PATH=$GIT_TEST_INSTALLED:$GIT_BUILD_DIR:$PATH
 	GIT_EXEC_PATH=${GIT_TEST_EXEC_PATH:-$GIT_EXEC_PATH}
 else # normal case, use ../bin-wrappers only unless $with_dashes:
 	git_bin_dir="$GIT_BUILD_DIR/bin-wrappers"
-	if ! test -x "$git_bin_dir/git" ; then
-		if test -z "$with_dashes" ; then
+	if ! test -x "$git_bin_dir/git"
+	then
+		if test -z "$with_dashes"
+		then
 			say "$git_bin_dir/git is not executable; using GIT_EXEC_PATH"
 		fi
 		with_dashes=t
 	fi
 	PATH="$git_bin_dir:$PATH"
 	GIT_EXEC_PATH=$GIT_BUILD_DIR
-	if test -n "$with_dashes" ; then
+	if test -n "$with_dashes"
+	then
 		PATH="$GIT_BUILD_DIR:$PATH"
 	fi
 fi
@@ -492,8 +567,6 @@
 GIT_ATTR_NOSYSTEM=1
 export PATH GIT_EXEC_PATH GIT_TEMPLATE_DIR GIT_CONFIG_NOSYSTEM GIT_ATTR_NOSYSTEM
 
-. "$GIT_BUILD_DIR"/GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS
-
 if test -z "$GIT_TEST_CMP"
 then
 	if test -n "$GIT_TEST_CMP_USE_COPIED_CONTEXT"
@@ -519,21 +592,22 @@
 	}
 fi
 
-if ! test -x "$GIT_BUILD_DIR"/test-chmtime; then
+if ! test -x "$GIT_BUILD_DIR"/test-chmtime
+then
 	echo >&2 'You need to build test-chmtime:'
 	echo >&2 'Run "make test-chmtime" in the source (toplevel) directory'
 	exit 1
 fi
 
 # Test repository
-test="trash directory.$(basename "$0" .sh)"
-test -n "$root" && test="$root/$test"
-case "$test" in
-/*) TRASH_DIRECTORY="$test" ;;
- *) TRASH_DIRECTORY="$TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY/$test" ;;
+TRASH_DIRECTORY="trash directory.$(basename "$0" .sh)"
+test -n "$root" && TRASH_DIRECTORY="$root/$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
+case "$TRASH_DIRECTORY" in
+/*) ;; # absolute path is good
+ *) TRASH_DIRECTORY="$TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY/$TRASH_DIRECTORY" ;;
 esac
 test ! -z "$debug" || remove_trash=$TRASH_DIRECTORY
-rm -fr "$test" || {
+rm -fr "$TRASH_DIRECTORY" || {
 	GIT_EXIT_OK=t
 	echo >&5 "FATAL: Cannot prepare test area"
 	exit 1
@@ -542,14 +616,15 @@
 HOME="$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
 export HOME
 
-if test -z "$TEST_NO_CREATE_REPO"; then
-	test_create_repo "$test"
+if test -z "$TEST_NO_CREATE_REPO"
+then
+	test_create_repo "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
 else
-	mkdir -p "$test"
+	mkdir -p "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
 fi
 # Use -P to resolve symlinks in our working directory so that the cwd
 # in subprocesses like git equals our $PWD (for pathname comparisons).
-cd -P "$test" || exit 1
+cd -P "$TRASH_DIRECTORY" || exit 1
 
 this_test=${0##*/}
 this_test=${this_test%%-*}
@@ -557,7 +632,7 @@
 do
 	case "$this_test" in
 	$skp)
-		say_color skip >&3 "skipping test $this_test altogether"
+		say_color info >&3 "skipping test $this_test altogether"
 		skip_all="skip all tests in $this_test"
 		test_done
 	esac
@@ -599,12 +674,14 @@
 	# backslashes in pathspec are converted to '/'
 	# exec does not inherit the PID
 	test_set_prereq MINGW
+	test_set_prereq NOT_CYGWIN
 	test_set_prereq SED_STRIPS_CR
 	;;
 *CYGWIN*)
 	test_set_prereq POSIXPERM
 	test_set_prereq EXECKEEPSPID
 	test_set_prereq NOT_MINGW
+	test_set_prereq CYGWIN
 	test_set_prereq SED_STRIPS_CR
 	;;
 *)
@@ -612,6 +689,7 @@
 	test_set_prereq BSLASHPSPEC
 	test_set_prereq EXECKEEPSPID
 	test_set_prereq NOT_MINGW
+	test_set_prereq NOT_CYGWIN
 	;;
 esac
 
@@ -657,10 +735,47 @@
 	fi
 }
 
-# test whether the filesystem supports symbolic links
-ln -s x y 2>/dev/null && test -h y 2>/dev/null && test_set_prereq SYMLINKS
-rm -f y
+test_lazy_prereq PIPE '
+	# test whether the filesystem supports FIFOs
+	rm -f testfifo && mkfifo testfifo
+'
+
+test_lazy_prereq SYMLINKS '
+	# test whether the filesystem supports symbolic links
+	ln -s x y && test -h y
+'
+
+test_lazy_prereq CASE_INSENSITIVE_FS '
+	echo good >CamelCase &&
+	echo bad >camelcase &&
+	test "$(cat CamelCase)" != good
+'
+
+test_lazy_prereq UTF8_NFD_TO_NFC '
+	# check whether FS converts nfd unicode to nfc
+	auml=$(printf "\303\244")
+	aumlcdiar=$(printf "\141\314\210")
+	>"$auml" &&
+	case "$(echo *)" in
+	"$aumlcdiar")
+		true ;;
+	*)
+		false ;;
+	esac
+'
+
+test_lazy_prereq AUTOIDENT '
+	sane_unset GIT_AUTHOR_NAME &&
+	sane_unset GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL &&
+	git var GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT
+'
 
 # When the tests are run as root, permission tests will report that
 # things are writable when they shouldn't be.
 test -w / || test_set_prereq SANITY
+
+GIT_UNZIP=${GIT_UNZIP:-unzip}
+test_lazy_prereq UNZIP '
+	"$GIT_UNZIP" -v
+	test $? -ne 127
+'
diff --git a/t/test-terminal.perl b/t/test-terminal.perl
index 10172ae..1fb373f 100755
--- a/t/test-terminal.perl
+++ b/t/test-terminal.perl
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 	} elsif ($? & 127) {
 		my $code = $? & 127;
 		warn "died of signal $code";
-		return $code - 128;
+		return $code + 128;
 	} else {
 		return $? >> 8;
 	}
diff --git a/t/valgrind/valgrind.sh b/t/valgrind/valgrind.sh
index 582b4dc..6b87c91 100755
--- a/t/valgrind/valgrind.sh
+++ b/t/valgrind/valgrind.sh
@@ -2,20 +2,27 @@
 
 base=$(basename "$0")
 
-TRACK_ORIGINS=
+TOOL_OPTIONS='--leak-check=no'
 
-VALGRIND_VERSION=$(valgrind --version)
-VALGRIND_MAJOR=$(expr "$VALGRIND_VERSION" : '[^0-9]*\([0-9]*\)')
-VALGRIND_MINOR=$(expr "$VALGRIND_VERSION" : '[^0-9]*[0-9]*\.\([0-9]*\)')
-test 3 -gt "$VALGRIND_MAJOR" ||
-test 3 -eq "$VALGRIND_MAJOR" -a 4 -gt "$VALGRIND_MINOR" ||
-TRACK_ORIGINS=--track-origins=yes
+case "$GIT_VALGRIND_MODE" in
+memcheck-fast)
+	;;
+memcheck)
+	VALGRIND_VERSION=$(valgrind --version)
+	VALGRIND_MAJOR=$(expr "$VALGRIND_VERSION" : '[^0-9]*\([0-9]*\)')
+	VALGRIND_MINOR=$(expr "$VALGRIND_VERSION" : '[^0-9]*[0-9]*\.\([0-9]*\)')
+	test 3 -gt "$VALGRIND_MAJOR" ||
+	test 3 -eq "$VALGRIND_MAJOR" -a 4 -gt "$VALGRIND_MINOR" ||
+	TOOL_OPTIONS="$TOOL_OPTIONS --track-origins=yes"
+	;;
+*)
+	TOOL_OPTIONS="--tool=$GIT_VALGRIND_MODE"
+esac
 
 exec valgrind -q --error-exitcode=126 \
-	--leak-check=no \
-	--suppressions="$GIT_VALGRIND/default.supp" \
 	--gen-suppressions=all \
-	$TRACK_ORIGINS \
+	--suppressions="$GIT_VALGRIND/default.supp" \
+	$TOOL_OPTIONS \
 	--log-fd=4 \
 	--input-fd=4 \
 	$GIT_VALGRIND_OPTIONS \
diff --git a/templates/hooks--pre-push.sample b/templates/hooks--pre-push.sample
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..15ab6d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/templates/hooks--pre-push.sample
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# An example hook script to verify what is about to be pushed.  Called by "git
+# push" after it has checked the remote status, but before anything has been
+# pushed.  If this script exits with a non-zero status nothing will be pushed.
+#
+# This hook is called with the following parameters:
+#
+# $1 -- Name of the remote to which the push is being done
+# $2 -- URL to which the push is being done
+#
+# If pushing without using a named remote those arguments will be equal.
+#
+# Information about the commits which are being pushed is supplied as lines to
+# the standard input in the form:
+#
+#   <local ref> <local sha1> <remote ref> <remote sha1>
+#
+# This sample shows how to prevent push of commits where the log message starts
+# with "WIP" (work in progress).
+
+remote="$1"
+url="$2"
+
+z40=0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+
+IFS=' '
+while read local_ref local_sha remote_ref remote_sha
+do
+	if [ "$local_sha" = $z40 ]
+	then
+		# Handle delete
+	else
+		if [ "$remote_sha" = $z40 ]
+		then
+			# New branch, examine all commits
+			range="$local_sha"
+		else
+			# Update to existing branch, examine new commits
+			range="$remote_sha..$local_sha"
+		fi
+
+		# Check for WIP commit
+		commit=`git rev-list -n 1 --grep '^WIP' "$range"`
+		if [ -n "$commit" ]
+		then
+			echo "Found WIP commit in $local_ref, not pushing"
+			exit 1
+		fi
+	fi
+done
+
+exit 0
diff --git a/templates/hooks--update.sample b/templates/hooks--update.sample
index 71ab04e..d847583 100755
--- a/templates/hooks--update.sample
+++ b/templates/hooks--update.sample
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
 fi
 
 if [ -z "$refname" -o -z "$oldrev" -o -z "$newrev" ]; then
-	echo "Usage: $0 <ref> <oldrev> <newrev>" >&2
+	echo "usage: $0 <ref> <oldrev> <newrev>" >&2
 	exit 1
 fi
 
diff --git a/test-chmtime.c b/test-chmtime.c
index 92713d1..02b42ba 100644
--- a/test-chmtime.c
+++ b/test-chmtime.c
@@ -114,6 +114,6 @@
 	return 0;
 
 usage:
-	fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s %s\n", argv[0], usage_str);
+	fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s %s\n", argv[0], usage_str);
 	return -1;
 }
diff --git a/test-credential.c b/test-credential.c
deleted file mode 100644
index dee200e..0000000
--- a/test-credential.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-#include "cache.h"
-#include "credential.h"
-#include "string-list.h"
-
-static const char usage_msg[] =
-"test-credential <fill|approve|reject> [helper...]";
-
-int main(int argc, const char **argv)
-{
-	const char *op;
-	struct credential c = CREDENTIAL_INIT;
-	int i;
-
-	op = argv[1];
-	if (!op)
-		usage(usage_msg);
-	for (i = 2; i < argc; i++)
-		string_list_append(&c.helpers, argv[i]);
-
-	if (credential_read(&c, stdin) < 0)
-		die("unable to read credential from stdin");
-
-	if (!strcmp(op, "fill")) {
-		credential_fill(&c);
-		if (c.username)
-			printf("username=%s\n", c.username);
-		if (c.password)
-			printf("password=%s\n", c.password);
-	}
-	else if (!strcmp(op, "approve"))
-		credential_approve(&c);
-	else if (!strcmp(op, "reject"))
-		credential_reject(&c);
-	else
-		usage(usage_msg);
-
-	return 0;
-}
diff --git a/test-delta.c b/test-delta.c
index af40a3c..4595cd6 100644
--- a/test-delta.c
+++ b/test-delta.c
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 	unsigned long from_size, data_size, out_size;
 
 	if (argc != 5 || (strcmp(argv[1], "-d") && strcmp(argv[1], "-p"))) {
-		fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s\n", usage_str);
+		fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s\n", usage_str);
 		return 1;
 	}
 
diff --git a/test-genrandom.c b/test-genrandom.c
index b3c28d9..54824d0 100644
--- a/test-genrandom.c
+++ b/test-genrandom.c
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 	unsigned char *c;
 
 	if (argc < 2 || argc > 3) {
-		fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <seed_string> [<size>]\n", argv[0]);
+		fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s <seed_string> [<size>]\n", argv[0]);
 		return 1;
 	}
 
diff --git a/test-line-buffer.c b/test-line-buffer.c
index 7ec9b13..ef1d7ba 100644
--- a/test-line-buffer.c
+++ b/test-line-buffer.c
@@ -87,6 +87,5 @@
 		die("input error");
 	if (ferror(stdout))
 		die("output error");
-	buffer_reset(&stdin_buf);
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/test-path-utils.c b/test-path-utils.c
index 3bc20e9..0092cbf 100644
--- a/test-path-utils.c
+++ b/test-path-utils.c
@@ -1,4 +1,32 @@
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+
+/*
+ * A "string_list_each_func_t" function that normalizes an entry from
+ * GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES.  If the path is unusable for some reason,
+ * die with an explanation.
+ */
+static int normalize_ceiling_entry(struct string_list_item *item, void *unused)
+{
+	const char *ceil = item->string;
+	int len = strlen(ceil);
+	char buf[PATH_MAX+1];
+
+	if (len == 0)
+		die("Empty path is not supported");
+	if (len > PATH_MAX)
+		die("Path \"%s\" is too long", ceil);
+	if (!is_absolute_path(ceil))
+		die("Path \"%s\" is not absolute", ceil);
+	if (normalize_path_copy(buf, ceil) < 0)
+		die("Path \"%s\" could not be normalized", ceil);
+	len = strlen(buf);
+	if (len > 1 && buf[len-1] == '/')
+		die("Normalized path \"%s\" ended with slash", buf);
+	free(item->string);
+	item->string = xstrdup(buf);
+	return 1;
+}
 
 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
@@ -30,7 +58,28 @@
 	}
 
 	if (argc == 4 && !strcmp(argv[1], "longest_ancestor_length")) {
-		int len = longest_ancestor_length(argv[2], argv[3]);
+		int len;
+		struct string_list ceiling_dirs = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+		char *path = xstrdup(argv[2]);
+
+		/*
+		 * We have to normalize the arguments because under
+		 * Windows, bash mangles arguments that look like
+		 * absolute POSIX paths or colon-separate lists of
+		 * absolute POSIX paths into DOS paths (e.g.,
+		 * "/foo:/foo/bar" might be converted to
+		 * "D:\Src\msysgit\foo;D:\Src\msysgit\foo\bar"),
+		 * whereas longest_ancestor_length() requires paths
+		 * that use forward slashes.
+		 */
+		if (normalize_path_copy(path, path))
+			die("Path \"%s\" could not be normalized", argv[2]);
+		string_list_split(&ceiling_dirs, argv[3], PATH_SEP, -1);
+		filter_string_list(&ceiling_dirs, 0,
+				   normalize_ceiling_entry, NULL);
+		len = longest_ancestor_length(path, &ceiling_dirs);
+		string_list_clear(&ceiling_dirs, 0);
+		free(path);
 		printf("%d\n", len);
 		return 0;
 	}
diff --git a/test-regex.c b/test-regex.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b5bfd54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test-regex.c
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#include <git-compat-util.h>
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	char *pat = "[^={} \t]+";
+	char *str = "={}\nfred";
+	regex_t r;
+	regmatch_t m[1];
+
+	if (regcomp(&r, pat, REG_EXTENDED | REG_NEWLINE))
+		die("failed regcomp() for pattern '%s'", pat);
+	if (regexec(&r, str, 1, m, 0))
+		die("no match of pattern '%s' to string '%s'", pat, str);
+
+	/* http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=3957  */
+	if (m[0].rm_so == 3) /* matches '\n' when it should not */
+		die("regex bug confirmed: re-build git with NO_REGEX=1");
+
+	exit(0);
+}
diff --git a/test-string-list.c b/test-string-list.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..00ce6c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test-string-list.c
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+
+/*
+ * Parse an argument into a string list.  arg should either be a
+ * ':'-separated list of strings, or "-" to indicate an empty string
+ * list (as opposed to "", which indicates a string list containing a
+ * single empty string).  list->strdup_strings must be set.
+ */
+static void parse_string_list(struct string_list *list, const char *arg)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(arg, "-"))
+		return;
+
+	(void)string_list_split(list, arg, ':', -1);
+}
+
+static void write_list(const struct string_list *list)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < list->nr; i++)
+		printf("[%d]: \"%s\"\n", i, list->items[i].string);
+}
+
+static void write_list_compact(const struct string_list *list)
+{
+	int i;
+	if (!list->nr)
+		printf("-\n");
+	else {
+		printf("%s", list->items[0].string);
+		for (i = 1; i < list->nr; i++)
+			printf(":%s", list->items[i].string);
+		printf("\n");
+	}
+}
+
+static int prefix_cb(struct string_list_item *item, void *cb_data)
+{
+	const char *prefix = (const char *)cb_data;
+	return !prefixcmp(item->string, prefix);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	if (argc == 5 && !strcmp(argv[1], "split")) {
+		struct string_list list = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+		int i;
+		const char *s = argv[2];
+		int delim = *argv[3];
+		int maxsplit = atoi(argv[4]);
+
+		i = string_list_split(&list, s, delim, maxsplit);
+		printf("%d\n", i);
+		write_list(&list);
+		string_list_clear(&list, 0);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (argc == 5 && !strcmp(argv[1], "split_in_place")) {
+		struct string_list list = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+		int i;
+		char *s = xstrdup(argv[2]);
+		int delim = *argv[3];
+		int maxsplit = atoi(argv[4]);
+
+		i = string_list_split_in_place(&list, s, delim, maxsplit);
+		printf("%d\n", i);
+		write_list(&list);
+		string_list_clear(&list, 0);
+		free(s);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (argc == 4 && !strcmp(argv[1], "filter")) {
+		/*
+		 * Retain only the items that have the specified prefix.
+		 * Arguments: list|- prefix
+		 */
+		struct string_list list = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+		const char *prefix = argv[3];
+
+		parse_string_list(&list, argv[2]);
+		filter_string_list(&list, 0, prefix_cb, (void *)prefix);
+		write_list_compact(&list);
+		string_list_clear(&list, 0);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (argc == 3 && !strcmp(argv[1], "remove_duplicates")) {
+		struct string_list list = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+
+		parse_string_list(&list, argv[2]);
+		string_list_remove_duplicates(&list, 0);
+		write_list_compact(&list);
+		string_list_clear(&list, 0);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "%s: unknown function name: %s\n", argv[0],
+		argv[1] ? argv[1] : "(there was none)");
+	return 1;
+}
diff --git a/test-svn-fe.c b/test-svn-fe.c
index 332a5f7..120ec96 100644
--- a/test-svn-fe.c
+++ b/test-svn-fe.c
@@ -24,16 +24,14 @@
 		die_errno("cannot open preimage");
 	if (buffer_init(&delta, argv[3]))
 		die_errno("cannot open delta");
-	if (svndiff0_apply(&delta, (off_t) strtoull(argv[4], NULL, 0),
+	if (svndiff0_apply(&delta, (off_t) strtoumax(argv[4], NULL, 0),
 					&preimage_view, stdout))
 		return 1;
 	if (buffer_deinit(&preimage))
 		die_errno("cannot close preimage");
 	if (buffer_deinit(&delta))
 		die_errno("cannot close delta");
-	buffer_reset(&preimage);
 	strbuf_release(&preimage_view.buf);
-	buffer_reset(&delta);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -42,7 +40,7 @@
 	if (argc == 2) {
 		if (svndump_init(argv[1]))
 			return 1;
-		svndump_read(NULL);
+		svndump_read(NULL, "refs/heads/master", "refs/notes/svn/revs");
 		svndump_deinit();
 		svndump_reset();
 		return 0;
diff --git a/test-wildmatch.c b/test-wildmatch.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a3e2643
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test-wildmatch.c
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+#ifdef USE_WILDMATCH
+#undef USE_WILDMATCH  /* We need real fnmatch implementation here */
+#endif
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "wildmatch.h"
+
+static int perf(int ac, char **av)
+{
+	struct timeval tv1, tv2;
+	struct stat st;
+	int fd, i, n, flags1 = 0, flags2 = 0;
+	char *buffer, *p;
+	uint32_t usec1, usec2;
+	const char *lang;
+	const char *file = av[0];
+	const char *pattern = av[1];
+
+	lang = getenv("LANG");
+	if (lang && strcmp(lang, "C"))
+		die("Please test it on C locale.");
+
+	if ((fd = open(file, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd, &st))
+		die_errno("file open");
+
+	buffer = xmalloc(st.st_size + 2);
+	if (read(fd, buffer, st.st_size) != st.st_size)
+		die_errno("read");
+
+	buffer[st.st_size] = '\0';
+	buffer[st.st_size + 1] = '\0';
+	for (i = 0; i < st.st_size; i++)
+		if (buffer[i] == '\n')
+			buffer[i] = '\0';
+
+	n = atoi(av[2]);
+	if (av[3] && !strcmp(av[3], "pathname")) {
+		flags1 = WM_PATHNAME;
+		flags2 = FNM_PATHNAME;
+	}
+
+	gettimeofday(&tv1, NULL);
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		for (p = buffer; *p; p += strlen(p) + 1)
+			wildmatch(pattern, p, flags1, NULL);
+	}
+	gettimeofday(&tv2, NULL);
+
+	usec1 = (uint32_t)tv2.tv_sec * 1000000 + tv2.tv_usec;
+	usec1 -= (uint32_t)tv1.tv_sec * 1000000 + tv1.tv_usec;
+	printf("wildmatch %ds %dus\n",
+	       (int)(usec1 / 1000000),
+	       (int)(usec1 % 1000000));
+
+	gettimeofday(&tv1, NULL);
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		for (p = buffer; *p; p += strlen(p) + 1)
+			fnmatch(pattern, p, flags2);
+	}
+	gettimeofday(&tv2, NULL);
+
+	usec2 = (uint32_t)tv2.tv_sec * 1000000 + tv2.tv_usec;
+	usec2 -= (uint32_t)tv1.tv_sec * 1000000 + tv1.tv_usec;
+	if (usec2 > usec1)
+		printf("fnmatch   %ds %dus or %.2f%% slower\n",
+		       (int)((usec2 - usec1) / 1000000),
+		       (int)((usec2 - usec1) % 1000000),
+		       (float)(usec2 - usec1) / usec1 * 100);
+	else
+		printf("fnmatch   %ds %dus or %.2f%% faster\n",
+		       (int)((usec1 - usec2) / 1000000),
+		       (int)((usec1 - usec2) % 1000000),
+		       (float)(usec1 - usec2) / usec1 * 100);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	if (!strcmp(argv[1], "perf"))
+		return perf(argc - 2, argv + 2);
+
+	for (i = 2; i < argc; i++) {
+		if (argv[i][0] == '/')
+			die("Forward slash is not allowed at the beginning of the\n"
+			    "pattern because Windows does not like it. Use `XXX/' instead.");
+		else if (!strncmp(argv[i], "XXX/", 4))
+			argv[i] += 3;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(argv[1], "wildmatch"))
+		return !!wildmatch(argv[3], argv[2], WM_PATHNAME, NULL);
+	else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "iwildmatch"))
+		return !!wildmatch(argv[3], argv[2], WM_PATHNAME | WM_CASEFOLD, NULL);
+	else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "pathmatch"))
+		return !!wildmatch(argv[3], argv[2], 0, NULL);
+	else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "fnmatch"))
+		return !!fnmatch(argv[3], argv[2], FNM_PATHNAME);
+	else
+		return 1;
+}
diff --git a/trace.c b/trace.c
index d953416..5ec0e3b 100644
--- a/trace.c
+++ b/trace.c
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
 static const char err_msg[] = "Could not trace into fd given by "
 	"GIT_TRACE environment variable";
 
-void trace_vprintf(const char *key, const char *fmt, va_list ap)
+static void trace_vprintf(const char *key, const char *fmt, va_list ap)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
diff --git a/transport-helper.c b/transport-helper.c
index 61c928f..522d791 100644
--- a/transport-helper.c
+++ b/transport-helper.c
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "thread-utils.h"
 #include "sigchain.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
 
 static int debug;
 
@@ -19,10 +20,12 @@
 	FILE *out;
 	unsigned fetch : 1,
 		import : 1,
+		bidi_import : 1,
 		export : 1,
 		option : 1,
 		push : 1,
 		connect : 1,
+		signed_tags : 1,
 		no_disconnect_req : 1;
 	char *export_marks;
 	char *import_marks;
@@ -101,6 +104,7 @@
 static struct child_process *get_helper(struct transport *transport)
 {
 	struct helper_data *data = transport->data;
+	struct argv_array argv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct child_process *helper;
 	const char **refspecs = NULL;
@@ -122,11 +126,10 @@
 	helper->in = -1;
 	helper->out = -1;
 	helper->err = 0;
-	helper->argv = xcalloc(4, sizeof(*helper->argv));
-	strbuf_addf(&buf, "git-remote-%s", data->name);
-	helper->argv[0] = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
-	helper->argv[1] = transport->remote->name;
-	helper->argv[2] = remove_ext_force(transport->url);
+	argv_array_pushf(&argv, "git-remote-%s", data->name);
+	argv_array_push(&argv, transport->remote->name);
+	argv_array_push(&argv, remove_ext_force(transport->url));
+	helper->argv = argv_array_detach(&argv, NULL);
 	helper->git_cmd = 0;
 	helper->silent_exec_failure = 1;
 
@@ -178,6 +181,8 @@
 			data->push = 1;
 		else if (!strcmp(capname, "import"))
 			data->import = 1;
+		else if (!strcmp(capname, "bidi-import"))
+			data->bidi_import = 1;
 		else if (!strcmp(capname, "export"))
 			data->export = 1;
 		else if (!data->refspecs && !prefixcmp(capname, "refspec ")) {
@@ -187,6 +192,8 @@
 			refspecs[refspec_nr++] = xstrdup(capname + strlen("refspec "));
 		} else if (!strcmp(capname, "connect")) {
 			data->connect = 1;
+		} else if (!strcmp(capname, "signed-tags")) {
+			data->signed_tags = 1;
 		} else if (!prefixcmp(capname, "export-marks ")) {
 			struct strbuf arg = STRBUF_INIT;
 			strbuf_addstr(&arg, "--export-marks=");
@@ -207,9 +214,8 @@
 		int i;
 		data->refspec_nr = refspec_nr;
 		data->refspecs = parse_fetch_refspec(refspec_nr, refspecs);
-		for (i = 0; i < refspec_nr; i++) {
+		for (i = 0; i < refspec_nr; i++)
 			free((char *)refspecs[i]);
-		}
 		free(refspecs);
 	}
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
@@ -241,8 +247,7 @@
 		close(data->helper->out);
 		fclose(data->out);
 		res = finish_command(data->helper);
-		free((char *)data->helper->argv[0]);
-		free(data->helper->argv);
+		argv_array_free_detached(data->helper->argv);
 		free(data->helper);
 		data->helper = NULL;
 	}
@@ -376,14 +381,23 @@
 static int get_importer(struct transport *transport, struct child_process *fastimport)
 {
 	struct child_process *helper = get_helper(transport);
+	struct helper_data *data = transport->data;
+	struct argv_array argv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	int cat_blob_fd, code;
 	memset(fastimport, 0, sizeof(*fastimport));
 	fastimport->in = helper->out;
-	fastimport->argv = xcalloc(5, sizeof(*fastimport->argv));
-	fastimport->argv[0] = "fast-import";
-	fastimport->argv[1] = "--quiet";
+	argv_array_push(&argv, "fast-import");
+	argv_array_push(&argv, debug ? "--stats" : "--quiet");
 
+	if (data->bidi_import) {
+		cat_blob_fd = xdup(helper->in);
+		argv_array_pushf(&argv, "--cat-blob-fd=%d", cat_blob_fd);
+	}
+	fastimport->argv = argv.argv;
 	fastimport->git_cmd = 1;
-	return start_command(fastimport);
+
+	code = start_command(fastimport);
+	return code;
 }
 
 static int get_exporter(struct transport *transport,
@@ -398,9 +412,11 @@
 	/* we need to duplicate helper->in because we want to use it after
 	 * fastexport is done with it. */
 	fastexport->out = dup(helper->in);
-	fastexport->argv = xcalloc(5 + revlist_args->nr, sizeof(*fastexport->argv));
+	fastexport->argv = xcalloc(6 + revlist_args->nr, sizeof(*fastexport->argv));
 	fastexport->argv[argc++] = "fast-export";
 	fastexport->argv[argc++] = "--use-done-feature";
+	fastexport->argv[argc++] = data->signed_tags ?
+		"--signed-tags=verbatim" : "--signed-tags=warn-strip";
 	if (data->export_marks)
 		fastexport->argv[argc++] = data->export_marks;
 	if (data->import_marks)
@@ -438,12 +454,33 @@
 	}
 
 	write_constant(data->helper->in, "\n");
+	/*
+	 * remote-helpers that advertise the bidi-import capability are required to
+	 * buffer the complete batch of import commands until this newline before
+	 * sending data to fast-import.
+	 * These helpers read back data from fast-import on their stdin, which could
+	 * be mixed with import commands, otherwise.
+	 */
 
 	if (finish_command(&fastimport))
 		die("Error while running fast-import");
-	free(fastimport.argv);
-	fastimport.argv = NULL;
+	argv_array_free_detached(fastimport.argv);
 
+	/*
+	 * The fast-import stream of a remote helper that advertises
+	 * the "refspec" capability writes to the refs named after the
+	 * right hand side of the first refspec matching each ref we
+	 * were fetching.
+	 *
+	 * (If no "refspec" capability was specified, for historical
+	 * reasons we default to *:*.)
+	 *
+	 * Store the result in to_fetch[i].old_sha1.  Callers such
+	 * as "git fetch" can use the value to write feedback to the
+	 * terminal, populate FETCH_HEAD, and determine what new value
+	 * should be written to peer_ref if the update is a
+	 * fast-forward or this is a forced update.
+	 */
 	for (i = 0; i < nr_heads; i++) {
 		char *private;
 		posn = to_fetch[i];
@@ -628,6 +665,21 @@
 			free(msg);
 			msg = NULL;
 		}
+		else if (!strcmp(msg, "already exists")) {
+			status = REF_STATUS_REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS;
+			free(msg);
+			msg = NULL;
+		}
+		else if (!strcmp(msg, "fetch first")) {
+			status = REF_STATUS_REJECT_FETCH_FIRST;
+			free(msg);
+			msg = NULL;
+		}
+		else if (!strcmp(msg, "needs force")) {
+			status = REF_STATUS_REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE;
+			free(msg);
+			msg = NULL;
+		}
 	}
 
 	if (*ref)
@@ -687,6 +739,7 @@
 		/* Check for statuses set by set_ref_status_for_push() */
 		switch (ref->status) {
 		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD:
+		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS:
 		case REF_STATUS_UPTODATE:
 			continue;
 		default:
@@ -752,6 +805,7 @@
 		if (private && !get_sha1(private, sha1)) {
 			strbuf_addf(&buf, "^%s", private);
 			string_list_append(&revlist_args, strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL));
+			hashcpy(ref->old_sha1, sha1);
 		}
 		free(private);
 
@@ -942,7 +996,7 @@
 	int src_is_sock;
 	/* Is destination socket? */
 	int dest_is_sock;
-	/* Transfer state (TRANSFERING/FLUSHING/FINISHED) */
+	/* Transfer state (TRANSFERRING/FLUSHING/FINISHED) */
 	int state;
 	/* Buffer. */
 	char buf[BUFFERSIZE];
diff --git a/transport.c b/transport.c
index 1811b50..ba5d8af 100644
--- a/transport.c
+++ b/transport.c
@@ -106,7 +106,8 @@
 		return;
 
 	for (;;) {
-		int cmp = cmp, len;
+		int cmp = 0; /* assigned before used */
+		int len;
 
 		if (!fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), f)) {
 			fclose(f);
@@ -507,7 +508,7 @@
 	struct ref *refs;
 
 	connect_setup(transport, for_push, 0);
-	get_remote_heads(data->fd[0], &refs,
+	get_remote_heads(data->fd[0], NULL, 0, &refs,
 			 for_push ? REF_NORMAL : 0, &data->extra_have);
 	data->got_remote_heads = 1;
 
@@ -518,12 +519,9 @@
 			       int nr_heads, struct ref **to_fetch)
 {
 	struct git_transport_data *data = transport->data;
-	char **heads = xmalloc(nr_heads * sizeof(*heads));
-	char **origh = xmalloc(nr_heads * sizeof(*origh));
 	const struct ref *refs;
 	char *dest = xstrdup(transport->url);
 	struct fetch_pack_args args;
-	int i;
 	struct ref *refs_tmp = NULL;
 
 	memset(&args, 0, sizeof(args));
@@ -537,18 +535,16 @@
 	args.no_progress = !transport->progress;
 	args.depth = data->options.depth;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < nr_heads; i++)
-		origh[i] = heads[i] = xstrdup(to_fetch[i]->name);
-
 	if (!data->got_remote_heads) {
 		connect_setup(transport, 0, 0);
-		get_remote_heads(data->fd[0], &refs_tmp, 0, NULL);
+		get_remote_heads(data->fd[0], NULL, 0, &refs_tmp, 0, NULL);
 		data->got_remote_heads = 1;
 	}
 
 	refs = fetch_pack(&args, data->fd, data->conn,
 			  refs_tmp ? refs_tmp : transport->remote_refs,
-			  dest, nr_heads, heads, &transport->pack_lockfile);
+			  dest, to_fetch, nr_heads,
+			  &transport->pack_lockfile);
 	close(data->fd[0]);
 	close(data->fd[1]);
 	if (finish_connect(data->conn))
@@ -558,10 +554,6 @@
 
 	free_refs(refs_tmp);
 
-	for (i = 0; i < nr_heads; i++)
-		free(origh[i]);
-	free(origh);
-	free(heads);
 	free(dest);
 	return (refs ? 0 : -1);
 }
@@ -663,7 +655,7 @@
 		const char *msg;
 
 		strcpy(quickref, status_abbrev(ref->old_sha1));
-		if (ref->nonfastforward) {
+		if (ref->forced_update) {
 			strcat(quickref, "...");
 			type = '+';
 			msg = "forced update";
@@ -699,6 +691,18 @@
 		print_ref_status('!', "[rejected]", ref, ref->peer_ref,
 						 "non-fast-forward", porcelain);
 		break;
+	case REF_STATUS_REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS:
+		print_ref_status('!', "[rejected]", ref, ref->peer_ref,
+						 "already exists", porcelain);
+		break;
+	case REF_STATUS_REJECT_FETCH_FIRST:
+		print_ref_status('!', "[rejected]", ref, ref->peer_ref,
+						 "fetch first", porcelain);
+		break;
+	case REF_STATUS_REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE:
+		print_ref_status('!', "[rejected]", ref, ref->peer_ref,
+						 "needs force", porcelain);
+		break;
 	case REF_STATUS_REMOTE_REJECT:
 		print_ref_status('!', "[remote rejected]", ref,
 						 ref->deletion ? NULL : ref->peer_ref,
@@ -718,7 +722,7 @@
 }
 
 void transport_print_push_status(const char *dest, struct ref *refs,
-				  int verbose, int porcelain, int *nonfastforward)
+				  int verbose, int porcelain, unsigned int *reject_reasons)
 {
 	struct ref *ref;
 	int n = 0;
@@ -737,18 +741,23 @@
 		if (ref->status == REF_STATUS_OK)
 			n += print_one_push_status(ref, dest, n, porcelain);
 
-	*nonfastforward = 0;
+	*reject_reasons = 0;
 	for (ref = refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
 		if (ref->status != REF_STATUS_NONE &&
 		    ref->status != REF_STATUS_UPTODATE &&
 		    ref->status != REF_STATUS_OK)
 			n += print_one_push_status(ref, dest, n, porcelain);
-		if (ref->status == REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD &&
-		    *nonfastforward != NON_FF_HEAD) {
-			if (!strcmp(head, ref->name))
-				*nonfastforward = NON_FF_HEAD;
+		if (ref->status == REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD) {
+			if (head != NULL && !strcmp(head, ref->name))
+				*reject_reasons |= REJECT_NON_FF_HEAD;
 			else
-				*nonfastforward = NON_FF_OTHER;
+				*reject_reasons |= REJECT_NON_FF_OTHER;
+		} else if (ref->status == REF_STATUS_REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS) {
+			*reject_reasons |= REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS;
+		} else if (ref->status == REF_STATUS_REJECT_FETCH_FIRST) {
+			*reject_reasons |= REJECT_FETCH_FIRST;
+		} else if (ref->status == REF_STATUS_REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE) {
+			*reject_reasons |= REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE;
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -786,7 +795,7 @@
 		struct ref *tmp_refs;
 		connect_setup(transport, 1, 0);
 
-		get_remote_heads(data->fd[0], &tmp_refs, REF_NORMAL, NULL);
+		get_remote_heads(data->fd[0], NULL, 0, &tmp_refs, REF_NORMAL, NULL);
 		data->got_remote_heads = 1;
 	}
 
@@ -1033,11 +1042,67 @@
 	die("Aborting.");
 }
 
+static int run_pre_push_hook(struct transport *transport,
+			     struct ref *remote_refs)
+{
+	int ret = 0, x;
+	struct ref *r;
+	struct child_process proc;
+	struct strbuf buf;
+	const char *argv[4];
+
+	if (!(argv[0] = find_hook("pre-push")))
+		return 0;
+
+	argv[1] = transport->remote->name;
+	argv[2] = transport->url;
+	argv[3] = NULL;
+
+	memset(&proc, 0, sizeof(proc));
+	proc.argv = argv;
+	proc.in = -1;
+
+	if (start_command(&proc)) {
+		finish_command(&proc);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	strbuf_init(&buf, 256);
+
+	for (r = remote_refs; r; r = r->next) {
+		if (!r->peer_ref) continue;
+		if (r->status == REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD) continue;
+		if (r->status == REF_STATUS_UPTODATE) continue;
+
+		strbuf_reset(&buf);
+		strbuf_addf( &buf, "%s %s %s %s\n",
+			 r->peer_ref->name, sha1_to_hex(r->new_sha1),
+			 r->name, sha1_to_hex(r->old_sha1));
+
+		if (write_in_full(proc.in, buf.buf, buf.len) != buf.len) {
+			ret = -1;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+
+	x = close(proc.in);
+	if (!ret)
+		ret = x;
+
+	x = finish_command(&proc);
+	if (!ret)
+		ret = x;
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
 int transport_push(struct transport *transport,
 		   int refspec_nr, const char **refspec, int flags,
-		   int *nonfastforward)
+		   unsigned int *reject_reasons)
 {
-	*nonfastforward = 0;
+	*reject_reasons = 0;
 	transport_verify_remote_names(refspec_nr, refspec);
 
 	if (transport->push) {
@@ -1063,6 +1128,8 @@
 			match_flags |= MATCH_REFS_MIRROR;
 		if (flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_PRUNE)
 			match_flags |= MATCH_REFS_PRUNE;
+		if (flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_FOLLOW_TAGS)
+			match_flags |= MATCH_REFS_FOLLOW_TAGS;
 
 		if (match_push_refs(local_refs, &remote_refs,
 				    refspec_nr, refspec, match_flags)) {
@@ -1073,6 +1140,10 @@
 			flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_MIRROR,
 			flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_FORCE);
 
+		if (!(flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_NO_HOOK))
+			if (run_pre_push_hook(transport, remote_refs))
+				return -1;
+
 		if ((flags & TRANSPORT_RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON_DEMAND) && !is_bare_repository()) {
 			struct ref *ref = remote_refs;
 			for (; ref; ref = ref->next)
@@ -1103,7 +1174,7 @@
 		if (!quiet || err)
 			transport_print_push_status(transport->url, remote_refs,
 					verbose | porcelain, porcelain,
-					nonfastforward);
+					reject_reasons);
 
 		if (flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_SET_UPSTREAM)
 			set_upstreams(transport, remote_refs, pretend);
diff --git a/transport.h b/transport.h
index b866c12..fcb1d25 100644
--- a/transport.h
+++ b/transport.h
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@
 		       const char *executable, int fd[2]);
 
 	/** get_refs_list(), fetch(), and push_refs() can keep
-	 * resources (such as a connection) reserved for futher
+	 * resources (such as a connection) reserved for further
 	 * use. disconnect() releases these resources.
 	 **/
 	int (*disconnect)(struct transport *connection);
@@ -104,8 +104,11 @@
 #define TRANSPORT_RECURSE_SUBMODULES_CHECK 64
 #define TRANSPORT_PUSH_PRUNE 128
 #define TRANSPORT_RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON_DEMAND 256
+#define TRANSPORT_PUSH_NO_HOOK 512
+#define TRANSPORT_PUSH_FOLLOW_TAGS 1024
 
 #define TRANSPORT_SUMMARY_WIDTH (2 * DEFAULT_ABBREV + 3)
+#define TRANSPORT_SUMMARY(x) (int)(TRANSPORT_SUMMARY_WIDTH + strlen(x) - gettext_width(x)), (x)
 
 /* Returns a transport suitable for the url */
 struct transport *transport_get(struct remote *, const char *);
@@ -139,11 +142,15 @@
 void transport_set_verbosity(struct transport *transport, int verbosity,
 	int force_progress);
 
-#define NON_FF_HEAD 1
-#define NON_FF_OTHER 2
+#define REJECT_NON_FF_HEAD     0x01
+#define REJECT_NON_FF_OTHER    0x02
+#define REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS  0x04
+#define REJECT_FETCH_FIRST     0x08
+#define REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE     0x10
+
 int transport_push(struct transport *connection,
 		   int refspec_nr, const char **refspec, int flags,
-		   int * nonfastforward);
+		   unsigned int * reject_reasons);
 
 const struct ref *transport_get_remote_refs(struct transport *transport);
 
@@ -169,9 +176,14 @@
 int transport_refs_pushed(struct ref *ref);
 
 void transport_print_push_status(const char *dest, struct ref *refs,
-		  int verbose, int porcelain, int *nonfastforward);
+		  int verbose, int porcelain, unsigned int *reject_reasons);
 
 typedef void alternate_ref_fn(const struct ref *, void *);
 extern void for_each_alternate_ref(alternate_ref_fn, void *);
 
+struct send_pack_args;
+extern int send_pack(struct send_pack_args *args,
+		     int fd[], struct child_process *conn,
+		     struct ref *remote_refs,
+		     struct extra_have_objects *extra_have);
 #endif
diff --git a/tree-diff.c b/tree-diff.c
index 28ad6db..ba01563 100644
--- a/tree-diff.c
+++ b/tree-diff.c
@@ -49,12 +49,12 @@
 	if (DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, RECURSIVE) && S_ISDIR(mode1)) {
 		if (DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, TREE_IN_RECURSIVE)) {
 			opt->change(opt, mode1, mode2,
-				    sha1, sha2, base->buf, 0, 0);
+				    sha1, sha2, 1, 1, base->buf, 0, 0);
 		}
 		strbuf_addch(base, '/');
 		diff_tree_sha1(sha1, sha2, base->buf, opt);
 	} else {
-		opt->change(opt, mode1, mode2, sha1, sha2, base->buf, 0, 0);
+		opt->change(opt, mode1, mode2, sha1, sha2, 1, 1, base->buf, 0, 0);
 	}
 	strbuf_setlen(base, old_baselen);
 	return 0;
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@
 			die("corrupt tree sha %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 
 		if (DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, TREE_IN_RECURSIVE))
-			opt->add_remove(opt, *prefix, mode, sha1, base->buf, 0);
+			opt->add_remove(opt, *prefix, mode, sha1, 1, base->buf, 0);
 
 		strbuf_addch(base, '/');
 
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
 		show_tree(opt, prefix, &inner, base);
 		free(tree);
 	} else
-		opt->add_remove(opt, prefix[0], mode, sha1, base->buf, 0);
+		opt->add_remove(opt, prefix[0], mode, sha1, 1, base->buf, 0);
 
 	strbuf_setlen(base, old_baselen);
 }
@@ -212,8 +212,7 @@
 	diff_opts.rename_score = opt->rename_score;
 	paths[0] = NULL;
 	diff_tree_setup_paths(paths, &diff_opts);
-	if (diff_setup_done(&diff_opts) < 0)
-		die("unable to set up diff options to follow renames");
+	diff_setup_done(&diff_opts);
 	diff_tree(t1, t2, base, &diff_opts);
 	diffcore_std(&diff_opts);
 	diff_tree_release_paths(&diff_opts);
diff --git a/tree-walk.c b/tree-walk.c
index 492c7cd..6e30ef9 100644
--- a/tree-walk.c
+++ b/tree-walk.c
@@ -490,11 +490,11 @@
 
 static int match_entry(const struct name_entry *entry, int pathlen,
 		       const char *match, int matchlen,
-		       int *never_interesting)
+		       enum interesting *never_interesting)
 {
 	int m = -1; /* signals that we haven't called strncmp() */
 
-	if (*never_interesting) {
+	if (*never_interesting != entry_not_interesting) {
 		/*
 		 * We have not seen any match that sorts later
 		 * than the current path.
@@ -522,7 +522,7 @@
 		 * the variable to -1 and that is what will be
 		 * returned, allowing the caller to terminate early.
 		 */
-		*never_interesting = 0;
+		*never_interesting = entry_not_interesting;
 	}
 
 	if (pathlen > matchlen)
@@ -573,6 +573,54 @@
 }
 
 /*
+ * Perform matching on the leading non-wildcard part of
+ * pathspec. item->nowildcard_len must be greater than zero. Return
+ * non-zero if base is matched.
+ */
+static int match_wildcard_base(const struct pathspec_item *item,
+			       const char *base, int baselen,
+			       int *matched)
+{
+	const char *match = item->match;
+	/* the wildcard part is not considered in this function */
+	int matchlen = item->nowildcard_len;
+
+	if (baselen) {
+		int dirlen;
+		/*
+		 * Return early if base is longer than the
+		 * non-wildcard part but it does not match.
+		 */
+		if (baselen >= matchlen) {
+			*matched = matchlen;
+			return !strncmp(base, match, matchlen);
+		}
+
+		dirlen = matchlen;
+		while (dirlen && match[dirlen - 1] != '/')
+			dirlen--;
+
+		/*
+		 * Return early if base is shorter than the
+		 * non-wildcard part but it does not match. Note that
+		 * base ends with '/' so we are sure it really matches
+		 * directory
+		 */
+		if (strncmp(base, match, baselen))
+			return 0;
+		*matched = baselen;
+	} else
+		*matched = 0;
+	/*
+	 * we could have checked entry against the non-wildcard part
+	 * that is not in base and does similar never_interesting
+	 * optimization as in match_entry. For now just be happy with
+	 * base comparison.
+	 */
+	return entry_interesting;
+}
+
+/*
  * Is a tree entry interesting given the pathspec we have?
  *
  * Pre-condition: either baselen == base_offset (i.e. empty path)
@@ -584,7 +632,7 @@
 {
 	int i;
 	int pathlen, baselen = base->len - base_offset;
-	int never_interesting = ps->has_wildcard ?
+	enum interesting never_interesting = ps->has_wildcard ?
 		entry_not_interesting : all_entries_not_interesting;
 
 	if (!ps->nr) {
@@ -602,7 +650,7 @@
 		const struct pathspec_item *item = ps->items+i;
 		const char *match = item->match;
 		const char *base_str = base->buf + base_offset;
-		int matchlen = item->len;
+		int matchlen = item->len, matched = 0;
 
 		if (baselen >= matchlen) {
 			/* If it doesn't match, move along... */
@@ -626,8 +674,10 @@
 					&never_interesting))
 				return entry_interesting;
 
-			if (item->use_wildcard) {
-				if (!fnmatch(match + baselen, entry->path, 0))
+			if (item->nowildcard_len < item->len) {
+				if (!git_fnmatch(match + baselen, entry->path,
+						 item->flags & PATHSPEC_ONESTAR ? GFNM_ONESTAR : 0,
+						 item->nowildcard_len - baselen))
 					return entry_interesting;
 
 				/*
@@ -642,17 +692,34 @@
 		}
 
 match_wildcards:
-		if (!item->use_wildcard)
+		if (item->nowildcard_len == item->len)
 			continue;
 
+		if (item->nowildcard_len &&
+		    !match_wildcard_base(item, base_str, baselen, &matched))
+			return entry_not_interesting;
+
 		/*
 		 * Concatenate base and entry->path into one and do
 		 * fnmatch() on it.
+		 *
+		 * While we could avoid concatenation in certain cases
+		 * [1], which saves a memcpy and potentially a
+		 * realloc, it turns out not worth it. Measurement on
+		 * linux-2.6 does not show any clear improvements,
+		 * partly because of the nowildcard_len optimization
+		 * in git_fnmatch(). Avoid micro-optimizations here.
+		 *
+		 * [1] if match_wildcard_base() says the base
+		 * directory is already matched, we only need to match
+		 * the rest, which is shorter so _in theory_ faster.
 		 */
 
 		strbuf_add(base, entry->path, pathlen);
 
-		if (!fnmatch(match, base->buf + base_offset, 0)) {
+		if (!git_fnmatch(match, base->buf + base_offset,
+				 item->flags & PATHSPEC_ONESTAR ? GFNM_ONESTAR : 0,
+				 item->nowildcard_len)) {
 			strbuf_setlen(base, base_offset + baselen);
 			return entry_interesting;
 		}
diff --git a/tree.c b/tree.c
index 676e9f7..62fed63 100644
--- a/tree.c
+++ b/tree.c
@@ -22,7 +22,8 @@
 	ce = xcalloc(1, size);
 
 	ce->ce_mode = create_ce_mode(mode);
-	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(baselen + len, stage);
+	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(stage);
+	ce->ce_namelen = baselen + len;
 	memcpy(ce->name, base, baselen);
 	memcpy(ce->name + baselen, pathname, len+1);
 	hashcpy(ce->sha1, sha1);
@@ -133,8 +134,8 @@
 
 	ce1 = *((const struct cache_entry **)a_);
 	ce2 = *((const struct cache_entry **)b_);
-	return cache_name_compare(ce1->name, ce1->ce_flags,
-				  ce2->name, ce2->ce_flags);
+	return cache_name_stage_compare(ce1->name, ce1->ce_namelen, ce_stage(ce1),
+				  ce2->name, ce2->ce_namelen, ce_stage(ce2));
 }
 
 int read_tree(struct tree *tree, int stage, struct pathspec *match)
diff --git a/unpack-trees.c b/unpack-trees.c
index ad40109..ede4299 100644
--- a/unpack-trees.c
+++ b/unpack-trees.c
@@ -539,7 +539,8 @@
 	struct cache_entry *ce = xcalloc(1, cache_entry_size(len));
 
 	ce->ce_mode = create_ce_mode(n->mode);
-	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(len, stage);
+	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(stage);
+	ce->ce_namelen = len;
 	hashcpy(ce->sha1, n->sha1);
 	make_traverse_path(ce->name, info, n);
 
@@ -836,7 +837,8 @@
 {
 	struct cache_entry **cache_end;
 	int dtype = DT_DIR;
-	int ret = excluded_from_list(prefix, prefix_len, basename, &dtype, el);
+	int ret = is_excluded_from_list(prefix, prefix_len,
+					basename, &dtype, el);
 
 	prefix[prefix_len++] = '/';
 
@@ -855,7 +857,7 @@
 	 * with ret (iow, we know in advance the incl/excl
 	 * decision for the entire directory), clear flag here without
 	 * calling clear_ce_flags_1(). That function will call
-	 * the expensive excluded_from_list() on every entry.
+	 * the expensive is_excluded_from_list() on every entry.
 	 */
 	return clear_ce_flags_1(cache, cache_end - cache,
 				prefix, prefix_len,
@@ -938,7 +940,8 @@
 
 		/* Non-directory */
 		dtype = ce_to_dtype(ce);
-		ret = excluded_from_list(ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), name, &dtype, el);
+		ret = is_excluded_from_list(ce->name, ce_namelen(ce),
+					    name, &dtype, el);
 		if (ret < 0)
 			ret = defval;
 		if (ret > 0)
@@ -1017,7 +1020,7 @@
 	if (!core_apply_sparse_checkout || !o->update)
 		o->skip_sparse_checkout = 1;
 	if (!o->skip_sparse_checkout) {
-		if (add_excludes_from_file_to_list(git_path("info/sparse-checkout"), "", 0, NULL, &el, 0) < 0)
+		if (add_excludes_from_file_to_list(git_path("info/sparse-checkout"), "", 0, &el, 0) < 0)
 			o->skip_sparse_checkout = 1;
 		else
 			o->el = &el;
@@ -1147,7 +1150,7 @@
 		*o->dst_index = o->result;
 
 done:
-	free_excludes(&el);
+	clear_exclude_list(&el);
 	return ret;
 
 return_failed:
@@ -1288,7 +1291,7 @@
 	 * First let's make sure we do not have a local modification
 	 * in that directory.
 	 */
-	namelen = strlen(ce->name);
+	namelen = ce_namelen(ce);
 	for (i = locate_in_src_index(ce, o);
 	     i < o->src_index->cache_nr;
 	     i++) {
@@ -1363,7 +1366,8 @@
 	if (ignore_case && icase_exists(o, name, len, st))
 		return 0;
 
-	if (o->dir && excluded(o->dir, name, &dtype))
+	if (o->dir &&
+	    is_excluded(o->dir, name, &dtype))
 		/*
 		 * ce->name is explicitly excluded, so it is Ok to
 		 * overwrite it.
@@ -1824,7 +1828,7 @@
 
 	if (old && same(old, a)) {
 		int update = 0;
-		if (o->reset && !ce_uptodate(old) && !ce_skip_worktree(old)) {
+		if (o->reset && o->update && !ce_uptodate(old) && !ce_skip_worktree(old)) {
 			struct stat st;
 			if (lstat(old->name, &st) ||
 			    ie_match_stat(o->src_index, old, &st, CE_MATCH_IGNORE_VALID|CE_MATCH_IGNORE_SKIP_WORKTREE))
diff --git a/upload-pack.c b/upload-pack.c
index bb08e2e..127e59a 100644
--- a/upload-pack.c
+++ b/upload-pack.c
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@
 #include "list-objects.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "sigchain.h"
+#include "version.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
 
 static const char upload_pack_usage[] = "git upload-pack [--strict] [--timeout=<n>] <dir>";
 
@@ -24,13 +26,15 @@
 #define SHALLOW		(1u << 16)
 #define NOT_SHALLOW	(1u << 17)
 #define CLIENT_SHALLOW	(1u << 18)
+#define HIDDEN_REF	(1u << 19)
 
 static unsigned long oldest_have;
 
-static int multi_ack, nr_our_refs;
+static int multi_ack;
 static int no_done;
 static int use_thin_pack, use_ofs_delta, use_include_tag;
 static int no_progress, daemon_mode;
+static int allow_tip_sha1_in_want;
 static int shallow_nr;
 static struct object_array have_obj;
 static struct object_array want_obj;
@@ -40,7 +44,6 @@
  * otherwise maximum packet size (up to 65520 bytes).
  */
 static int use_sideband;
-static int debug_fd;
 static int advertise_refs;
 static int stateless_rpc;
 
@@ -49,13 +52,6 @@
 	alarm(timeout);
 }
 
-static int strip(char *line, int len)
-{
-	if (len && line[len-1] == '\n')
-		line[--len] = 0;
-	return len;
-}
-
 static ssize_t send_client_data(int fd, const char *data, ssize_t sz)
 {
 	if (use_sideband)
@@ -68,7 +64,8 @@
 		xwrite(fd, data, sz);
 		return sz;
 	}
-	return safe_write(fd, data, sz);
+	write_or_die(fd, data, sz);
+	return sz;
 }
 
 static FILE *pack_pipe = NULL;
@@ -138,7 +135,6 @@
 {
 	struct async rev_list;
 	struct child_process pack_objects;
-	int create_full_pack = (nr_our_refs == want_obj.nr && !have_obj.nr);
 	char data[8193], progress[128];
 	char abort_msg[] = "aborting due to possible repository "
 		"corruption on the remote side.";
@@ -150,9 +146,7 @@
 	argv[arg++] = "pack-objects";
 	if (!shallow_nr) {
 		argv[arg++] = "--revs";
-		if (create_full_pack)
-			argv[arg++] = "--all";
-		else if (use_thin_pack)
+		if (use_thin_pack)
 			argv[arg++] = "--thin";
 	}
 
@@ -184,15 +178,15 @@
 	}
 	else {
 		FILE *pipe_fd = xfdopen(pack_objects.in, "w");
-		if (!create_full_pack) {
-			int i;
-			for (i = 0; i < want_obj.nr; i++)
-				fprintf(pipe_fd, "%s\n", sha1_to_hex(want_obj.objects[i].item->sha1));
-			fprintf(pipe_fd, "--not\n");
-			for (i = 0; i < have_obj.nr; i++)
-				fprintf(pipe_fd, "%s\n", sha1_to_hex(have_obj.objects[i].item->sha1));
-		}
+		int i;
 
+		for (i = 0; i < want_obj.nr; i++)
+			fprintf(pipe_fd, "%s\n",
+				sha1_to_hex(want_obj.objects[i].item->sha1));
+		fprintf(pipe_fd, "--not\n");
+		for (i = 0; i < have_obj.nr; i++)
+			fprintf(pipe_fd, "%s\n",
+				sha1_to_hex(have_obj.objects[i].item->sha1));
 		fprintf(pipe_fd, "\n");
 		fflush(pipe_fd);
 		fclose(pipe_fd);
@@ -326,9 +320,7 @@
 	if (!has_sha1_file(sha1))
 		return -1;
 
-	o = lookup_object(sha1);
-	if (!(o && o->parsed))
-		o = parse_object(sha1);
+	o = parse_object(sha1);
 	if (!o)
 		die("oops (%s)", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 	if (o->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
@@ -416,7 +408,6 @@
 
 static int get_common_commits(void)
 {
-	static char line[1000];
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	char last_hex[41];
 	int got_common = 0;
@@ -426,10 +417,10 @@
 	save_commit_buffer = 0;
 
 	for (;;) {
-		int len = packet_read_line(0, line, sizeof(line));
+		char *line = packet_read_line(0, NULL);
 		reset_timeout();
 
-		if (!len) {
+		if (!line) {
 			if (multi_ack == 2 && got_common
 			    && !got_other && ok_to_give_up()) {
 				sent_ready = 1;
@@ -448,7 +439,6 @@
 			got_other = 0;
 			continue;
 		}
-		strip(line, len);
 		if (!prefixcmp(line, "have ")) {
 			switch (got_sha1(line+5, sha1)) {
 			case -1: /* they have what we do not */
@@ -488,6 +478,12 @@
 	}
 }
 
+static int is_our_ref(struct object *o)
+{
+	return o->flags &
+		((allow_tip_sha1_in_want ? HIDDEN_REF : 0) | OUR_REF);
+}
+
 static void check_non_tip(void)
 {
 	static const char *argv[] = {
@@ -524,7 +520,7 @@
 		o = get_indexed_object(--i);
 		if (!o)
 			continue;
-		if (!(o->flags & OUR_REF))
+		if (!is_our_ref(o))
 			continue;
 		memcpy(namebuf + 1, sha1_to_hex(o->sha1), 40);
 		if (write_in_full(cmd.in, namebuf, 42) < 0)
@@ -533,7 +529,7 @@
 	namebuf[40] = '\n';
 	for (i = 0; i < want_obj.nr; i++) {
 		o = want_obj.objects[i].item;
-		if (o->flags & OUR_REF)
+		if (is_our_ref(o))
 			continue;
 		memcpy(namebuf, sha1_to_hex(o->sha1), 40);
 		if (write_in_full(cmd.in, namebuf, 41) < 0)
@@ -567,7 +563,7 @@
 	/* Pick one of them (we know there at least is one) */
 	for (i = 0; i < want_obj.nr; i++) {
 		o = want_obj.objects[i].item;
-		if (!(o->flags & OUR_REF))
+		if (!is_our_ref(o))
 			die("git upload-pack: not our ref %s",
 			    sha1_to_hex(o->sha1));
 	}
@@ -576,34 +572,33 @@
 static void receive_needs(void)
 {
 	struct object_array shallows = OBJECT_ARRAY_INIT;
-	static char line[1000];
-	int len, depth = 0;
+	int depth = 0;
 	int has_non_tip = 0;
 
 	shallow_nr = 0;
-	if (debug_fd)
-		write_str_in_full(debug_fd, "#S\n");
 	for (;;) {
 		struct object *o;
 		const char *features;
 		unsigned char sha1_buf[20];
-		len = packet_read_line(0, line, sizeof(line));
+		char *line = packet_read_line(0, NULL);
 		reset_timeout();
-		if (!len)
+		if (!line)
 			break;
-		if (debug_fd)
-			write_in_full(debug_fd, line, len);
 
 		if (!prefixcmp(line, "shallow ")) {
 			unsigned char sha1[20];
 			struct object *object;
-			if (get_sha1(line + 8, sha1))
+			if (get_sha1_hex(line + 8, sha1))
 				die("invalid shallow line: %s", line);
 			object = parse_object(sha1);
 			if (!object)
-				die("did not find object for %s", line);
-			object->flags |= CLIENT_SHALLOW;
-			add_object_array(object, NULL, &shallows);
+				continue;
+			if (object->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
+				die("invalid shallow object %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+			if (!(object->flags & CLIENT_SHALLOW)) {
+				object->flags |= CLIENT_SHALLOW;
+				add_object_array(object, NULL, &shallows);
+			}
 			continue;
 		}
 		if (!prefixcmp(line, "deepen ")) {
@@ -639,19 +634,17 @@
 		if (parse_feature_request(features, "include-tag"))
 			use_include_tag = 1;
 
-		o = lookup_object(sha1_buf);
+		o = parse_object(sha1_buf);
 		if (!o)
 			die("git upload-pack: not our ref %s",
 			    sha1_to_hex(sha1_buf));
 		if (!(o->flags & WANTED)) {
 			o->flags |= WANTED;
-			if (!(o->flags & OUR_REF))
+			if (!is_our_ref(o))
 				has_non_tip = 1;
 			add_object_array(o, NULL, &want_obj);
 		}
 	}
-	if (debug_fd)
-		write_str_in_full(debug_fd, "#E\n");
 
 	/*
 	 * We have sent all our refs already, and the other end
@@ -669,10 +662,17 @@
 	if (depth == 0 && shallows.nr == 0)
 		return;
 	if (depth > 0) {
-		struct commit_list *result, *backup;
+		struct commit_list *result = NULL, *backup = NULL;
 		int i;
-		backup = result = get_shallow_commits(&want_obj, depth,
-			SHALLOW, NOT_SHALLOW);
+		if (depth == INFINITE_DEPTH)
+			for (i = 0; i < shallows.nr; i++) {
+				struct object *object = shallows.objects[i].item;
+				object->flags |= NOT_SHALLOW;
+			}
+		else
+			backup = result =
+				get_shallow_commits(&want_obj, depth,
+						    SHALLOW, NOT_SHALLOW);
 		while (result) {
 			struct object *object = &result->item->object;
 			if (!(object->flags & (CLIENT_SHALLOW|NOT_SHALLOW))) {
@@ -719,48 +719,44 @@
 	free(shallows.objects);
 }
 
+/* return non-zero if the ref is hidden, otherwise 0 */
+static int mark_our_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct object *o = lookup_unknown_object(sha1);
+
+	if (ref_is_hidden(refname)) {
+		o->flags |= HIDDEN_REF;
+		return 1;
+	}
+	if (!o)
+		die("git upload-pack: cannot find object %s:", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	o->flags |= OUR_REF;
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static int send_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
 	static const char *capabilities = "multi_ack thin-pack side-band"
 		" side-band-64k ofs-delta shallow no-progress"
 		" include-tag multi_ack_detailed";
-	struct object *o = lookup_unknown_object(sha1);
 	const char *refname_nons = strip_namespace(refname);
+	unsigned char peeled[20];
 
-	if (o->type == OBJ_NONE) {
-		o->type = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
-		if (o->type < 0)
-		    die("git upload-pack: cannot find object %s:", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-	}
+	if (mark_our_ref(refname, sha1, flag, cb_data))
+		return 0;
 
 	if (capabilities)
-		packet_write(1, "%s %s%c%s%s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1), refname_nons,
+		packet_write(1, "%s %s%c%s%s%s agent=%s\n",
+			     sha1_to_hex(sha1), refname_nons,
 			     0, capabilities,
-			     stateless_rpc ? " no-done" : "");
+			     allow_tip_sha1_in_want ? " allow-tip-sha1-in-want" : "",
+			     stateless_rpc ? " no-done" : "",
+			     git_user_agent_sanitized());
 	else
 		packet_write(1, "%s %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1), refname_nons);
 	capabilities = NULL;
-	if (!(o->flags & OUR_REF)) {
-		o->flags |= OUR_REF;
-		nr_our_refs++;
-	}
-	if (o->type == OBJ_TAG) {
-		o = deref_tag_noverify(o);
-		if (o)
-			packet_write(1, "%s %s^{}\n", sha1_to_hex(o->sha1), refname_nons);
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int mark_our_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
-{
-	struct object *o = parse_object(sha1);
-	if (!o)
-		die("git upload-pack: cannot find object %s:", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-	if (!(o->flags & OUR_REF)) {
-		o->flags |= OUR_REF;
-		nr_our_refs++;
-	}
+	if (!peel_ref(refname, peeled))
+		packet_write(1, "%s %s^{}\n", sha1_to_hex(peeled), refname_nons);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -785,6 +781,13 @@
 	}
 }
 
+static int upload_pack_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *unused)
+{
+	if (!strcmp("uploadpack.allowtipsha1inwant", var))
+		allow_tip_sha1_in_want = git_config_bool(var, value);
+	return parse_hide_refs_config(var, value, "uploadpack");
+}
+
 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
 	char *dir;
@@ -836,8 +839,7 @@
 		die("'%s' does not appear to be a git repository", dir);
 	if (is_repository_shallow())
 		die("attempt to fetch/clone from a shallow repository");
-	if (getenv("GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK"))
-		debug_fd = atoi(getenv("GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK"));
+	git_config(upload_pack_config, NULL);
 	upload_pack();
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/usage.c b/usage.c
index a2a6678..ed14645 100644
--- a/usage.c
+++ b/usage.c
@@ -47,12 +47,19 @@
 	vreportf("warning: ", warn, params);
 }
 
+static int die_is_recursing_builtin(void)
+{
+	static int dying;
+	return dying++;
+}
+
 /* If we are in a dlopen()ed .so write to a global variable would segfault
  * (ugh), so keep things static. */
 static NORETURN_PTR void (*usage_routine)(const char *err, va_list params) = usage_builtin;
 static NORETURN_PTR void (*die_routine)(const char *err, va_list params) = die_builtin;
 static void (*error_routine)(const char *err, va_list params) = error_builtin;
 static void (*warn_routine)(const char *err, va_list params) = warn_builtin;
+static int (*die_is_recursing)(void) = die_is_recursing_builtin;
 
 void set_die_routine(NORETURN_PTR void (*routine)(const char *err, va_list params))
 {
@@ -64,6 +71,11 @@
 	error_routine = routine;
 }
 
+void set_die_is_recursing_routine(int (*routine)(void))
+{
+	die_is_recursing = routine;
+}
+
 void NORETURN usagef(const char *err, ...)
 {
 	va_list params;
@@ -82,6 +94,11 @@
 {
 	va_list params;
 
+	if (die_is_recursing()) {
+		fputs("fatal: recursion detected in die handler\n", stderr);
+		exit(128);
+	}
+
 	va_start(params, err);
 	die_routine(err, params);
 	va_end(params);
@@ -94,6 +111,12 @@
 	char str_error[256], *err;
 	int i, j;
 
+	if (die_is_recursing()) {
+		fputs("fatal: recursion detected in die_errno handler\n",
+			stderr);
+		exit(128);
+	}
+
 	err = strerror(errno);
 	for (i = j = 0; err[i] && j < sizeof(str_error) - 1; ) {
 		if ((str_error[j++] = err[i++]) != '%')
@@ -115,6 +138,7 @@
 	va_end(params);
 }
 
+#undef error
 int error(const char *err, ...)
 {
 	va_list params;
diff --git a/userdiff.c b/userdiff.c
index 1e7184f..ea43a03 100644
--- a/userdiff.c
+++ b/userdiff.c
@@ -14,6 +14,15 @@
 	{ name, NULL, -1, { pattern, REG_EXTENDED | REG_ICASE }, \
 	  word_regex "|[^[:space:]]|[\xc0-\xff][\x80-\xbf]+" }
 static struct userdiff_driver builtin_drivers[] = {
+IPATTERN("ada",
+	 "!^(.*[ \t])?(is new|renames|is separate)([ \t].*)?$\n"
+	 "!^[ \t]*with[ \t].*$\n"
+	 "^[ \t]*((procedure|function)[ \t]+.*)$\n"
+	 "^[ \t]*((package|protected|task)[ \t]+.*)$",
+	 /* -- */
+	 "[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_]*"
+	 "|[0-9][-+0-9#_.eE]"
+	 "|=>|\\.\\.|\\*\\*|:=|/=|>=|<=|<<|>>|<>"),
 IPATTERN("fortran",
 	 "!^([C*]|[ \t]*!)\n"
 	 "!^[ \t]*MODULE[ \t]+PROCEDURE[ \t]\n"
@@ -175,35 +184,6 @@
 	return NULL;
 }
 
-static struct userdiff_driver *parse_driver(const char *var,
-		const char *value, const char *type)
-{
-	struct userdiff_driver *drv;
-	const char *dot;
-	const char *name;
-	int namelen;
-
-	if (prefixcmp(var, "diff."))
-		return NULL;
-	dot = strrchr(var, '.');
-	if (dot == var + 4)
-		return NULL;
-	if (strcmp(type, dot+1))
-		return NULL;
-
-	name = var + 5;
-	namelen = dot - name;
-	drv = userdiff_find_by_namelen(name, namelen);
-	if (!drv) {
-		ALLOC_GROW(drivers, ndrivers+1, drivers_alloc);
-		drv = &drivers[ndrivers++];
-		memset(drv, 0, sizeof(*drv));
-		drv->name = xmemdupz(name, namelen);
-		drv->binary = -1;
-	}
-	return drv;
-}
-
 static int parse_funcname(struct userdiff_funcname *f, const char *k,
 		const char *v, int cflags)
 {
@@ -231,20 +211,34 @@
 int userdiff_config(const char *k, const char *v)
 {
 	struct userdiff_driver *drv;
+	const char *name, *type;
+	int namelen;
 
-	if ((drv = parse_driver(k, v, "funcname")))
+	if (parse_config_key(k, "diff", &name, &namelen, &type) || !name)
+		return 0;
+
+	drv = userdiff_find_by_namelen(name, namelen);
+	if (!drv) {
+		ALLOC_GROW(drivers, ndrivers+1, drivers_alloc);
+		drv = &drivers[ndrivers++];
+		memset(drv, 0, sizeof(*drv));
+		drv->name = xmemdupz(name, namelen);
+		drv->binary = -1;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(type, "funcname"))
 		return parse_funcname(&drv->funcname, k, v, 0);
-	if ((drv = parse_driver(k, v, "xfuncname")))
+	if (!strcmp(type, "xfuncname"))
 		return parse_funcname(&drv->funcname, k, v, REG_EXTENDED);
-	if ((drv = parse_driver(k, v, "binary")))
+	if (!strcmp(type, "binary"))
 		return parse_tristate(&drv->binary, k, v);
-	if ((drv = parse_driver(k, v, "command")))
+	if (!strcmp(type, "command"))
 		return git_config_string(&drv->external, k, v);
-	if ((drv = parse_driver(k, v, "textconv")))
+	if (!strcmp(type, "textconv"))
 		return git_config_string(&drv->textconv, k, v);
-	if ((drv = parse_driver(k, v, "cachetextconv")))
+	if (!strcmp(type, "cachetextconv"))
 		return parse_bool(&drv->textconv_want_cache, k, v);
-	if ((drv = parse_driver(k, v, "wordregex")))
+	if (!strcmp(type, "wordregex"))
 		return git_config_string(&drv->word_regex, k, v);
 
 	return 0;
diff --git a/utf8.c b/utf8.c
index 8acbc66..0d20e0a 100644
--- a/utf8.c
+++ b/utf8.c
@@ -9,6 +9,20 @@
   int last;
 };
 
+size_t display_mode_esc_sequence_len(const char *s)
+{
+	const char *p = s;
+	if (*p++ != '\033')
+		return 0;
+	if (*p++ != '[')
+		return 0;
+	while (isdigit(*p) || *p == ';')
+		p++;
+	if (*p++ != 'm')
+		return 0;
+	return p - s;
+}
+
 /* auxiliary function for binary search in interval table */
 static int bisearch(ucs_char_t ucs, const struct interval *table, int max)
 {
@@ -252,18 +266,26 @@
  * string, assuming that the string is utf8.  Returns strlen() instead
  * if the string does not look like a valid utf8 string.
  */
-int utf8_strwidth(const char *string)
+int utf8_strnwidth(const char *string, int len, int skip_ansi)
 {
 	int width = 0;
 	const char *orig = string;
 
-	while (1) {
-		if (!string)
-			return strlen(orig);
-		if (!*string)
-			return width;
+	if (len == -1)
+		len = strlen(string);
+	while (string && string < orig + len) {
+		int skip;
+		while (skip_ansi &&
+		       (skip = display_mode_esc_sequence_len(string)) != 0)
+			string += skip;
 		width += utf8_width(&string, NULL);
 	}
+	return string ? width : len;
+}
+
+int utf8_strwidth(const char *string)
+{
+	return utf8_strnwidth(string, -1, 0);
 }
 
 int is_utf8(const char *text)
@@ -303,27 +325,13 @@
 	}
 }
 
-static size_t display_mode_esc_sequence_len(const char *s)
-{
-	const char *p = s;
-	if (*p++ != '\033')
-		return 0;
-	if (*p++ != '[')
-		return 0;
-	while (isdigit(*p) || *p == ';')
-		p++;
-	if (*p++ != 'm')
-		return 0;
-	return p - s;
-}
-
 /*
  * Wrap the text, if necessary. The variable indent is the indent for the
  * first line, indent2 is the indent for all other lines.
  * If indent is negative, assume that already -indent columns have been
  * consumed (and no extra indent is necessary for the first line).
  */
-int strbuf_add_wrapped_text(struct strbuf *buf,
+void strbuf_add_wrapped_text(struct strbuf *buf,
 		const char *text, int indent1, int indent2, int width)
 {
 	int indent, w, assume_utf8 = 1;
@@ -332,7 +340,7 @@
 
 	if (width <= 0) {
 		strbuf_add_indented_text(buf, text, indent1, indent2);
-		return 1;
+		return;
 	}
 
 retry:
@@ -353,17 +361,17 @@
 
 		c = *text;
 		if (!c || isspace(c)) {
-			if (w < width || !space) {
+			if (w <= width || !space) {
 				const char *start = bol;
 				if (!c && text == start)
-					return w;
+					return;
 				if (space)
 					start = space;
 				else
 					strbuf_addchars(buf, ' ', indent);
 				strbuf_add(buf, start, text - start);
 				if (!c)
-					return w;
+					return;
 				space = text;
 				if (c == '\t')
 					w |= 0x07;
@@ -405,13 +413,58 @@
 	}
 }
 
-int strbuf_add_wrapped_bytes(struct strbuf *buf, const char *data, int len,
+void strbuf_add_wrapped_bytes(struct strbuf *buf, const char *data, int len,
 			     int indent, int indent2, int width)
 {
 	char *tmp = xstrndup(data, len);
-	int r = strbuf_add_wrapped_text(buf, tmp, indent, indent2, width);
+	strbuf_add_wrapped_text(buf, tmp, indent, indent2, width);
 	free(tmp);
-	return r;
+}
+
+void strbuf_utf8_replace(struct strbuf *sb_src, int pos, int width,
+			 const char *subst)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb_dst = STRBUF_INIT;
+	char *src = sb_src->buf;
+	char *end = src + sb_src->len;
+	char *dst;
+	int w = 0, subst_len = 0;
+
+	if (subst)
+		subst_len = strlen(subst);
+	strbuf_grow(&sb_dst, sb_src->len + subst_len);
+	dst = sb_dst.buf;
+
+	while (src < end) {
+		char *old;
+		size_t n;
+
+		while ((n = display_mode_esc_sequence_len(src))) {
+			memcpy(dst, src, n);
+			src += n;
+			dst += n;
+		}
+
+		old = src;
+		n = utf8_width((const char**)&src, NULL);
+		if (!src) 	/* broken utf-8, do nothing */
+			return;
+		if (n && w >= pos && w < pos + width) {
+			if (subst) {
+				memcpy(dst, subst, subst_len);
+				dst += subst_len;
+				subst = NULL;
+			}
+			w += n;
+			continue;
+		}
+		memcpy(dst, old, src - old);
+		dst += src - old;
+		w += n;
+	}
+	strbuf_setlen(&sb_dst, dst - sb_dst.buf);
+	strbuf_swap(sb_src, &sb_dst);
+	strbuf_release(&sb_dst);
 }
 
 int is_encoding_utf8(const char *name)
@@ -423,6 +476,34 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
+int same_encoding(const char *src, const char *dst)
+{
+	if (is_encoding_utf8(src) && is_encoding_utf8(dst))
+		return 1;
+	return !strcasecmp(src, dst);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Wrapper for fprintf and returns the total number of columns required
+ * for the printed string, assuming that the string is utf8.
+ */
+int utf8_fprintf(FILE *stream, const char *format, ...)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	va_list arg;
+	int columns;
+
+	va_start(arg, format);
+	strbuf_vaddf(&buf, format, arg);
+	va_end(arg);
+
+	columns = fputs(buf.buf, stream);
+	if (0 <= columns) /* keep the error from the I/O */
+		columns = utf8_strwidth(buf.buf);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	return columns;
+}
+
 /*
  * Given a buffer and its encoding, return it re-encoded
  * with iconv.  If the conversion fails, returns NULL.
@@ -433,19 +514,12 @@
 #else
 	typedef char * iconv_ibp;
 #endif
-char *reencode_string(const char *in, const char *out_encoding, const char *in_encoding)
+char *reencode_string_iconv(const char *in, size_t insz, iconv_t conv, int *outsz_p)
 {
-	iconv_t conv;
-	size_t insz, outsz, outalloc;
+	size_t outsz, outalloc;
 	char *out, *outpos;
 	iconv_ibp cp;
 
-	if (!in_encoding)
-		return NULL;
-	conv = iconv_open(out_encoding, in_encoding);
-	if (conv == (iconv_t) -1)
-		return NULL;
-	insz = strlen(in);
 	outsz = insz;
 	outalloc = outsz + 1; /* for terminating NUL */
 	out = xmalloc(outalloc);
@@ -459,7 +533,6 @@
 			size_t sofar;
 			if (errno != E2BIG) {
 				free(out);
-				iconv_close(conv);
 				return NULL;
 			}
 			/* insz has remaining number of bytes.
@@ -475,10 +548,83 @@
 		}
 		else {
 			*outpos = '\0';
+			if (outsz_p)
+				*outsz_p = outpos - out;
 			break;
 		}
 	}
+	return out;
+}
+
+char *reencode_string_len(const char *in, int insz,
+			  const char *out_encoding, const char *in_encoding,
+			  int *outsz)
+{
+	iconv_t conv;
+	char *out;
+
+	if (!in_encoding)
+		return NULL;
+
+	conv = iconv_open(out_encoding, in_encoding);
+	if (conv == (iconv_t) -1) {
+		/*
+		 * Some platforms do not have the variously spelled variants of
+		 * UTF-8, so let's fall back to trying the most official
+		 * spelling. We do so only as a fallback in case the platform
+		 * does understand the user's spelling, but not our official
+		 * one.
+		 */
+		if (is_encoding_utf8(in_encoding))
+			in_encoding = "UTF-8";
+		if (is_encoding_utf8(out_encoding))
+			out_encoding = "UTF-8";
+		conv = iconv_open(out_encoding, in_encoding);
+		if (conv == (iconv_t) -1)
+			return NULL;
+	}
+
+	out = reencode_string_iconv(in, insz, conv, outsz);
 	iconv_close(conv);
 	return out;
 }
 #endif
+
+/*
+ * Returns first character length in bytes for multi-byte `text` according to
+ * `encoding`.
+ *
+ * - The `text` pointer is updated to point at the next character.
+ * - When `remainder_p` is not NULL, on entry `*remainder_p` is how much bytes
+ *   we can consume from text, and on exit `*remainder_p` is reduced by returned
+ *   character length. Otherwise `text` is treated as limited by NUL.
+ */
+int mbs_chrlen(const char **text, size_t *remainder_p, const char *encoding)
+{
+	int chrlen;
+	const char *p = *text;
+	size_t r = (remainder_p ? *remainder_p : SIZE_MAX);
+
+	if (r < 1)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (is_encoding_utf8(encoding)) {
+		pick_one_utf8_char(&p, &r);
+
+		chrlen = p ? (p - *text)
+			   : 1 /* not valid UTF-8 -> raw byte sequence */;
+	}
+	else {
+		/*
+		 * TODO use iconv to decode one char and obtain its chrlen
+		 * for now, let's treat encodings != UTF-8 as one-byte
+		 */
+		chrlen = 1;
+	}
+
+	*text += chrlen;
+	if (remainder_p)
+		*remainder_p -= chrlen;
+
+	return chrlen;
+}
diff --git a/utf8.h b/utf8.h
index 81f2c82..32a7bfb 100644
--- a/utf8.h
+++ b/utf8.h
@@ -3,20 +3,42 @@
 
 typedef unsigned int ucs_char_t;  /* assuming 32bit int */
 
+size_t display_mode_esc_sequence_len(const char *s);
 int utf8_width(const char **start, size_t *remainder_p);
+int utf8_strnwidth(const char *string, int len, int skip_ansi);
 int utf8_strwidth(const char *string);
 int is_utf8(const char *text);
 int is_encoding_utf8(const char *name);
+int same_encoding(const char *, const char *);
+int utf8_fprintf(FILE *, const char *, ...);
 
-int strbuf_add_wrapped_text(struct strbuf *buf,
+void strbuf_add_wrapped_text(struct strbuf *buf,
 		const char *text, int indent, int indent2, int width);
-int strbuf_add_wrapped_bytes(struct strbuf *buf, const char *data, int len,
+void strbuf_add_wrapped_bytes(struct strbuf *buf, const char *data, int len,
 			     int indent, int indent2, int width);
+void strbuf_utf8_replace(struct strbuf *sb, int pos, int width,
+			 const char *subst);
 
 #ifndef NO_ICONV
-char *reencode_string(const char *in, const char *out_encoding, const char *in_encoding);
+char *reencode_string_iconv(const char *in, size_t insz,
+			    iconv_t conv, int *outsz);
+char *reencode_string_len(const char *in, int insz,
+			  const char *out_encoding,
+			  const char *in_encoding,
+			  int *outsz);
 #else
-#define reencode_string(a,b,c) NULL
+#define reencode_string_len(a,b,c,d,e) NULL
 #endif
 
+static inline char *reencode_string(const char *in,
+				    const char *out_encoding,
+				    const char *in_encoding)
+{
+	return reencode_string_len(in, strlen(in),
+				   out_encoding, in_encoding,
+				   NULL);
+}
+
+int mbs_chrlen(const char **text, size_t *remainder_p, const char *encoding);
+
 #endif
diff --git a/vcs-svn/fast_export.c b/vcs-svn/fast_export.c
index b823b85..f2b23c8 100644
--- a/vcs-svn/fast_export.c
+++ b/vcs-svn/fast_export.c
@@ -3,8 +3,7 @@
  * See LICENSE for details.
  */
 
-#include "git-compat-util.h"
-#include "strbuf.h"
+#include "cache.h"
 #include "quote.h"
 #include "fast_export.h"
 #include "repo_tree.h"
@@ -42,11 +41,6 @@
 		die_errno("error closing fast-import feedback stream");
 }
 
-void fast_export_reset(void)
-{
-	buffer_reset(&report_buffer);
-}
-
 void fast_export_delete(const char *path)
 {
 	putchar('D');
@@ -73,11 +67,33 @@
 	putchar('\n');
 }
 
+void fast_export_begin_note(uint32_t revision, const char *author,
+		const char *log, unsigned long timestamp, const char *note_ref)
+{
+	static int firstnote = 1;
+	size_t loglen = strlen(log);
+	printf("commit %s\n", note_ref);
+	printf("committer %s <%s@%s> %ld +0000\n", author, author, "local", timestamp);
+	printf("data %"PRIuMAX"\n", (uintmax_t)loglen);
+	fwrite(log, loglen, 1, stdout);
+	if (firstnote) {
+		if (revision > 1)
+			printf("from %s^0", note_ref);
+		firstnote = 0;
+	}
+	fputc('\n', stdout);
+}
+
+void fast_export_note(const char *committish, const char *dataref)
+{
+	printf("N %s %s\n", dataref, committish);
+}
+
 static char gitsvnline[MAX_GITSVN_LINE_LEN];
 void fast_export_begin_commit(uint32_t revision, const char *author,
 			const struct strbuf *log,
 			const char *uuid, const char *url,
-			unsigned long timestamp)
+			unsigned long timestamp, const char *local_ref)
 {
 	static const struct strbuf empty = STRBUF_INIT;
 	if (!log)
@@ -89,7 +105,7 @@
 	} else {
 		*gitsvnline = '\0';
 	}
-	printf("commit refs/heads/master\n");
+	printf("commit %s\n", local_ref);
 	printf("mark :%"PRIu32"\n", revision);
 	printf("committer %s <%s@%s> %ld +0000\n",
 		   *author ? author : "nobody",
@@ -163,7 +179,7 @@
 
 	if (ends_with(header, headerlen, " missing"))
 		return error("cat-blob reports missing blob: %s", header);
-	type = memmem(header, headerlen, " blob ", strlen(" blob "));
+	type = strstr(header, " blob ");
 	if (!type)
 		return error("cat-blob header has wrong object type: %s", header);
 	n = strtoumax(type + strlen(" blob "), (char **) &end, 10);
@@ -227,6 +243,13 @@
 	return ret;
 }
 
+void fast_export_buf_to_data(const struct strbuf *data)
+{
+	printf("data %"PRIuMAX"\n", (uintmax_t)data->len);
+	fwrite(data->buf, data->len, 1, stdout);
+	fputc('\n', stdout);
+}
+
 void fast_export_data(uint32_t mode, off_t len, struct line_buffer *input)
 {
 	assert(len >= 0);
@@ -259,7 +282,7 @@
 	}
 
 	/* Mode. */
-	if (response_end - response < strlen("100644") ||
+	if (response_end - response < (signed) strlen("100644") ||
 	    response[strlen("100644")] != ' ')
 		die("invalid ls response: missing mode: %s", response);
 	*mode = 0;
@@ -272,7 +295,7 @@
 	}
 
 	/* ' blob ' or ' tree ' */
-	if (response_end - response < strlen(" blob ") ||
+	if (response_end - response < (signed) strlen(" blob ") ||
 	    (response[1] != 'b' && response[1] != 't'))
 		die("unexpected ls response: not a tree or blob: %s", response);
 	response += strlen(" blob ");
diff --git a/vcs-svn/fast_export.h b/vcs-svn/fast_export.h
index aa629f5..c8b5adb 100644
--- a/vcs-svn/fast_export.h
+++ b/vcs-svn/fast_export.h
@@ -6,15 +6,18 @@
 
 void fast_export_init(int fd);
 void fast_export_deinit(void);
-void fast_export_reset(void);
 
 void fast_export_delete(const char *path);
 void fast_export_modify(const char *path, uint32_t mode, const char *dataref);
+void fast_export_note(const char *committish, const char *dataref);
+void fast_export_begin_note(uint32_t revision, const char *author,
+		const char *log, unsigned long timestamp, const char *note_ref);
 void fast_export_begin_commit(uint32_t revision, const char *author,
-			const struct strbuf *log, const char *uuid,
-			const char *url, unsigned long timestamp);
+			const struct strbuf *log, const char *uuid,const char *url,
+			unsigned long timestamp, const char *local_ref);
 void fast_export_end_commit(uint32_t revision);
 void fast_export_data(uint32_t mode, off_t len, struct line_buffer *input);
+void fast_export_buf_to_data(const struct strbuf *data);
 void fast_export_blob_delta(uint32_t mode,
 			uint32_t old_mode, const char *old_data,
 			off_t len, struct line_buffer *input);
diff --git a/vcs-svn/line_buffer.c b/vcs-svn/line_buffer.c
index 01fcb84..57cc1ce 100644
--- a/vcs-svn/line_buffer.c
+++ b/vcs-svn/line_buffer.c
@@ -124,7 +124,3 @@
 	}
 	return done;
 }
-
-void buffer_reset(struct line_buffer *buf)
-{
-}
diff --git a/vcs-svn/line_buffer.h b/vcs-svn/line_buffer.h
index 8901f21..ee23b4f 100644
--- a/vcs-svn/line_buffer.h
+++ b/vcs-svn/line_buffer.h
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 int buffer_init(struct line_buffer *buf, const char *filename);
 int buffer_fdinit(struct line_buffer *buf, int fd);
 int buffer_deinit(struct line_buffer *buf);
-void buffer_reset(struct line_buffer *buf);
 
 int buffer_tmpfile_init(struct line_buffer *buf);
 FILE *buffer_tmpfile_rewind(struct line_buffer *buf);	/* prepare to write. */
diff --git a/vcs-svn/sliding_window.c b/vcs-svn/sliding_window.c
index ec2707c..f11d490 100644
--- a/vcs-svn/sliding_window.c
+++ b/vcs-svn/sliding_window.c
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
 		return -1;
 	if (off < view->off || off + width < view->off + view->width)
 		return error("invalid delta: window slides left");
-	if (view->max_off >= 0 && view->max_off < off + width)
+	if (view->max_off >= 0 && view->max_off < off + (off_t) width)
 		return error("delta preimage ends early");
 
 	file_offset = view->off + view->buf.len;
diff --git a/vcs-svn/svndiff.c b/vcs-svn/svndiff.c
index 1647c1a..74c97c4 100644
--- a/vcs-svn/svndiff.c
+++ b/vcs-svn/svndiff.c
@@ -77,8 +77,9 @@
 static int read_chunk(struct line_buffer *delta, off_t *delta_len,
 		      struct strbuf *buf, size_t len)
 {
+	assert(*delta_len >= 0);
 	strbuf_reset(buf);
-	if (len > *delta_len ||
+	if (len > (uintmax_t) *delta_len ||
 	    buffer_read_binary(delta, buf, len) != len)
 		return error_short_read(delta);
 	*delta_len -= buf->len;
@@ -258,6 +259,7 @@
 static int apply_one_window(struct line_buffer *delta, off_t *delta_len,
 			    struct sliding_view *preimage, FILE *out)
 {
+	int rv = -1;
 	struct window ctx = WINDOW_INIT(preimage);
 	size_t out_len;
 	size_t instructions_len;
@@ -275,27 +277,26 @@
 	if (apply_window_in_core(&ctx))
 		goto error_out;
 	if (ctx.out.len != out_len) {
-		error("invalid delta: incorrect postimage length");
+		rv = error("invalid delta: incorrect postimage length");
 		goto error_out;
 	}
 	if (write_strbuf(&ctx.out, out))
 		goto error_out;
-	window_release(&ctx);
-	return 0;
+	rv = 0;
 error_out:
 	window_release(&ctx);
-	return -1;
+	return rv;
 }
 
 int svndiff0_apply(struct line_buffer *delta, off_t delta_len,
 			struct sliding_view *preimage, FILE *postimage)
 {
-	assert(delta && preimage && postimage);
+	assert(delta && preimage && postimage && delta_len >= 0);
 
 	if (read_magic(delta, &delta_len))
 		return -1;
 	while (delta_len) {	/* For each window: */
-		off_t pre_off = pre_off; /* stupid GCC... */
+		off_t pre_off = -1;
 		size_t pre_len;
 
 		if (read_offset(delta, &pre_off, &delta_len) ||
diff --git a/vcs-svn/svndump.c b/vcs-svn/svndump.c
index 0899790..31d1d83 100644
--- a/vcs-svn/svndump.c
+++ b/vcs-svn/svndump.c
@@ -34,14 +34,13 @@
 #define NODE_CTX 2	/* node metadata */
 #define INTERNODE_CTX 3	/* between nodes */
 
-#define LENGTH_UNKNOWN (~0)
 #define DATE_RFC2822_LEN 31
 
 static struct line_buffer input = LINE_BUFFER_INIT;
 
 static struct {
-	uint32_t action, propLength, srcRev, type;
-	off_t text_length;
+	uint32_t action, srcRev, type;
+	off_t prop_length, text_length;
 	struct strbuf src, dst;
 	uint32_t text_delta, prop_delta;
 } node_ctx;
@@ -49,7 +48,7 @@
 static struct {
 	uint32_t revision;
 	unsigned long timestamp;
-	struct strbuf log, author;
+	struct strbuf log, author, note;
 } rev_ctx;
 
 static struct {
@@ -61,7 +60,7 @@
 {
 	node_ctx.type = 0;
 	node_ctx.action = NODEACT_UNKNOWN;
-	node_ctx.propLength = LENGTH_UNKNOWN;
+	node_ctx.prop_length = -1;
 	node_ctx.text_length = -1;
 	strbuf_reset(&node_ctx.src);
 	node_ctx.srcRev = 0;
@@ -78,6 +77,7 @@
 	rev_ctx.timestamp = 0;
 	strbuf_reset(&rev_ctx.log);
 	strbuf_reset(&rev_ctx.author);
+	strbuf_reset(&rev_ctx.note);
 }
 
 static void reset_dump_ctx(const char *url)
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@
 static void handle_node(void)
 {
 	const uint32_t type = node_ctx.type;
-	const int have_props = node_ctx.propLength != LENGTH_UNKNOWN;
+	const int have_props = node_ctx.prop_length != -1;
 	const int have_text = node_ctx.text_length != -1;
 	/*
 	 * Old text for this node:
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@
 	if (have_props) {
 		if (!node_ctx.prop_delta)
 			node_ctx.type = type;
-		if (node_ctx.propLength)
+		if (node_ctx.prop_length)
 			read_props();
 	}
 
@@ -300,22 +300,29 @@
 				node_ctx.text_length, &input);
 }
 
-static void begin_revision(void)
+static void begin_revision(const char *remote_ref)
 {
 	if (!rev_ctx.revision)	/* revision 0 gets no git commit. */
 		return;
 	fast_export_begin_commit(rev_ctx.revision, rev_ctx.author.buf,
 		&rev_ctx.log, dump_ctx.uuid.buf, dump_ctx.url.buf,
-		rev_ctx.timestamp);
+		rev_ctx.timestamp, remote_ref);
 }
 
-static void end_revision(void)
+static void end_revision(const char *note_ref)
 {
-	if (rev_ctx.revision)
+	struct strbuf mark = STRBUF_INIT;
+	if (rev_ctx.revision) {
 		fast_export_end_commit(rev_ctx.revision);
+		fast_export_begin_note(rev_ctx.revision, "remote-svn",
+				"Note created by remote-svn.", rev_ctx.timestamp, note_ref);
+		strbuf_addf(&mark, ":%"PRIu32, rev_ctx.revision);
+		fast_export_note(mark.buf, "inline");
+		fast_export_buf_to_data(&rev_ctx.note);
+	}
 }
 
-void svndump_read(const char *url)
+void svndump_read(const char *url, const char *local_ref, const char *notes_ref)
 {
 	char *val;
 	char *t;
@@ -354,26 +361,29 @@
 			if (active_ctx == NODE_CTX)
 				handle_node();
 			if (active_ctx == REV_CTX)
-				begin_revision();
+				begin_revision(local_ref);
 			if (active_ctx != DUMP_CTX)
-				end_revision();
+				end_revision(notes_ref);
 			active_ctx = REV_CTX;
 			reset_rev_ctx(atoi(val));
+			strbuf_addf(&rev_ctx.note, "%s\n", t);
 			break;
 		case sizeof("Node-path"):
-			if (prefixcmp(t, "Node-"))
+			if (constcmp(t, "Node-"))
 				continue;
 			if (!constcmp(t + strlen("Node-"), "path")) {
 				if (active_ctx == NODE_CTX)
 					handle_node();
 				if (active_ctx == REV_CTX)
-					begin_revision();
+					begin_revision(local_ref);
 				active_ctx = NODE_CTX;
 				reset_node_ctx(val);
+				strbuf_addf(&rev_ctx.note, "%s\n", t);
 				break;
 			}
 			if (constcmp(t + strlen("Node-"), "kind"))
 				continue;
+			strbuf_addf(&rev_ctx.note, "%s\n", t);
 			if (!strcmp(val, "dir"))
 				node_ctx.type = REPO_MODE_DIR;
 			else if (!strcmp(val, "file"))
@@ -384,6 +394,7 @@
 		case sizeof("Node-action"):
 			if (constcmp(t, "Node-action"))
 				continue;
+			strbuf_addf(&rev_ctx.note, "%s\n", t);
 			if (!strcmp(val, "delete")) {
 				node_ctx.action = NODEACT_DELETE;
 			} else if (!strcmp(val, "add")) {
@@ -402,29 +413,35 @@
 				continue;
 			strbuf_reset(&node_ctx.src);
 			strbuf_addstr(&node_ctx.src, val);
+			strbuf_addf(&rev_ctx.note, "%s\n", t);
 			break;
 		case sizeof("Node-copyfrom-rev"):
 			if (constcmp(t, "Node-copyfrom-rev"))
 				continue;
 			node_ctx.srcRev = atoi(val);
+			strbuf_addf(&rev_ctx.note, "%s\n", t);
 			break;
 		case sizeof("Text-content-length"):
-			if (!constcmp(t, "Text-content-length")) {
+			if (constcmp(t, "Text") && constcmp(t, "Prop"))
+				continue;
+			if (constcmp(t + 4, "-content-length"))
+				continue;
+			{
 				char *end;
-				uintmax_t textlen;
+				uintmax_t len;
 
-				textlen = strtoumax(val, &end, 10);
+				len = strtoumax(val, &end, 10);
 				if (!isdigit(*val) || *end)
 					die("invalid dump: non-numeric length %s", val);
-				if (textlen > maximum_signed_value_of_type(off_t))
+				if (len > maximum_signed_value_of_type(off_t))
 					die("unrepresentable length in dump: %s", val);
-				node_ctx.text_length = (off_t) textlen;
+
+				if (*t == 'T')
+					node_ctx.text_length = (off_t) len;
+				else
+					node_ctx.prop_length = (off_t) len;
 				break;
 			}
-			if (constcmp(t, "Prop-content-length"))
-				continue;
-			node_ctx.propLength = atoi(val);
-			break;
 		case sizeof("Text-delta"):
 			if (!constcmp(t, "Text-delta")) {
 				node_ctx.text_delta = !strcmp(val, "true");
@@ -460,25 +477,40 @@
 	if (active_ctx == NODE_CTX)
 		handle_node();
 	if (active_ctx == REV_CTX)
-		begin_revision();
+		begin_revision(local_ref);
 	if (active_ctx != DUMP_CTX)
-		end_revision();
+		end_revision(notes_ref);
 }
 
-int svndump_init(const char *filename)
+static void init(int report_fd)
 {
-	if (buffer_init(&input, filename))
-		return error("cannot open %s: %s", filename, strerror(errno));
-	fast_export_init(REPORT_FILENO);
+	fast_export_init(report_fd);
 	strbuf_init(&dump_ctx.uuid, 4096);
 	strbuf_init(&dump_ctx.url, 4096);
 	strbuf_init(&rev_ctx.log, 4096);
 	strbuf_init(&rev_ctx.author, 4096);
+	strbuf_init(&rev_ctx.note, 4096);
 	strbuf_init(&node_ctx.src, 4096);
 	strbuf_init(&node_ctx.dst, 4096);
 	reset_dump_ctx(NULL);
 	reset_rev_ctx(0);
 	reset_node_ctx(NULL);
+	return;
+}
+
+int svndump_init(const char *filename)
+{
+	if (buffer_init(&input, filename))
+		return error("cannot open %s: %s", filename ? filename : "NULL", strerror(errno));
+	init(REPORT_FILENO);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int svndump_init_fd(int in_fd, int back_fd)
+{
+	if(buffer_fdinit(&input, xdup(in_fd)))
+		return error("cannot open fd %d: %s", in_fd, strerror(errno));
+	init(xdup(back_fd));
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -489,6 +521,8 @@
 	reset_rev_ctx(0);
 	reset_node_ctx(NULL);
 	strbuf_release(&rev_ctx.log);
+	strbuf_release(&rev_ctx.author);
+	strbuf_release(&rev_ctx.note);
 	strbuf_release(&node_ctx.src);
 	strbuf_release(&node_ctx.dst);
 	if (buffer_deinit(&input))
@@ -499,8 +533,6 @@
 
 void svndump_reset(void)
 {
-	fast_export_reset();
-	buffer_reset(&input);
 	strbuf_release(&dump_ctx.uuid);
 	strbuf_release(&dump_ctx.url);
 	strbuf_release(&rev_ctx.log);
diff --git a/vcs-svn/svndump.h b/vcs-svn/svndump.h
index df9ceb0..b8eb129 100644
--- a/vcs-svn/svndump.h
+++ b/vcs-svn/svndump.h
@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@
 #define SVNDUMP_H_
 
 int svndump_init(const char *filename);
-void svndump_read(const char *url);
+int svndump_init_fd(int in_fd, int back_fd);
+void svndump_read(const char *url, const char *local_ref, const char *notes_ref);
 void svndump_deinit(void);
 void svndump_reset(void);
 
diff --git a/version.c b/version.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6106a80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/version.c
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "version.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+
+const char git_version_string[] = GIT_VERSION;
+
+const char *git_user_agent(void)
+{
+	static const char *agent = NULL;
+
+	if (!agent) {
+		agent = getenv("GIT_USER_AGENT");
+		if (!agent)
+			agent = GIT_USER_AGENT;
+	}
+
+	return agent;
+}
+
+const char *git_user_agent_sanitized(void)
+{
+	static const char *agent = NULL;
+
+	if (!agent) {
+		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+		int i;
+
+		strbuf_addstr(&buf, git_user_agent());
+		strbuf_trim(&buf);
+		for (i = 0; i < buf.len; i++) {
+			if (buf.buf[i] <= 32 || buf.buf[i] >= 127)
+				buf.buf[i] = '.';
+		}
+		agent = buf.buf;
+	}
+
+	return agent;
+}
diff --git a/version.h b/version.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6911a4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/version.h
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#ifndef VERSION_H
+#define VERSION_H
+
+extern const char git_version_string[];
+
+const char *git_user_agent(void);
+const char *git_user_agent_sanitized(void);
+
+#endif /* VERSION_H */
diff --git a/wildmatch.c b/wildmatch.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f91ba99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wildmatch.c
@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+/*
+**  Do shell-style pattern matching for ?, \, [], and * characters.
+**  It is 8bit clean.
+**
+**  Written by Rich $alz, mirror!rs, Wed Nov 26 19:03:17 EST 1986.
+**  Rich $alz is now <rsalz@bbn.com>.
+**
+**  Modified by Wayne Davison to special-case '/' matching, to make '**'
+**  work differently than '*', and to fix the character-class code.
+*/
+
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "wildmatch.h"
+
+typedef unsigned char uchar;
+
+/* What character marks an inverted character class? */
+#define NEGATE_CLASS	'!'
+#define NEGATE_CLASS2	'^'
+
+#define CC_EQ(class, len, litmatch) ((len) == sizeof (litmatch)-1 \
+				    && *(class) == *(litmatch) \
+				    && strncmp((char*)class, litmatch, len) == 0)
+
+#if defined STDC_HEADERS || !defined isascii
+# define ISASCII(c) 1
+#else
+# define ISASCII(c) isascii(c)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef isblank
+# define ISBLANK(c) (ISASCII(c) && isblank(c))
+#else
+# define ISBLANK(c) ((c) == ' ' || (c) == '\t')
+#endif
+
+#ifdef isgraph
+# define ISGRAPH(c) (ISASCII(c) && isgraph(c))
+#else
+# define ISGRAPH(c) (ISASCII(c) && isprint(c) && !isspace(c))
+#endif
+
+#define ISPRINT(c) (ISASCII(c) && isprint(c))
+#define ISDIGIT(c) (ISASCII(c) && isdigit(c))
+#define ISALNUM(c) (ISASCII(c) && isalnum(c))
+#define ISALPHA(c) (ISASCII(c) && isalpha(c))
+#define ISCNTRL(c) (ISASCII(c) && iscntrl(c))
+#define ISLOWER(c) (ISASCII(c) && islower(c))
+#define ISPUNCT(c) (ISASCII(c) && ispunct(c))
+#define ISSPACE(c) (ISASCII(c) && isspace(c))
+#define ISUPPER(c) (ISASCII(c) && isupper(c))
+#define ISXDIGIT(c) (ISASCII(c) && isxdigit(c))
+
+/* Match pattern "p" against "text" */
+static int dowild(const uchar *p, const uchar *text, unsigned int flags)
+{
+	uchar p_ch;
+	const uchar *pattern = p;
+
+	for ( ; (p_ch = *p) != '\0'; text++, p++) {
+		int matched, match_slash, negated;
+		uchar t_ch, prev_ch;
+		if ((t_ch = *text) == '\0' && p_ch != '*')
+			return WM_ABORT_ALL;
+		if ((flags & WM_CASEFOLD) && ISUPPER(t_ch))
+			t_ch = tolower(t_ch);
+		if ((flags & WM_CASEFOLD) && ISUPPER(p_ch))
+			p_ch = tolower(p_ch);
+		switch (p_ch) {
+		case '\\':
+			/* Literal match with following character.  Note that the test
+			 * in "default" handles the p[1] == '\0' failure case. */
+			p_ch = *++p;
+			/* FALLTHROUGH */
+		default:
+			if (t_ch != p_ch)
+				return WM_NOMATCH;
+			continue;
+		case '?':
+			/* Match anything but '/'. */
+			if ((flags & WM_PATHNAME) && t_ch == '/')
+				return WM_NOMATCH;
+			continue;
+		case '*':
+			if (*++p == '*') {
+				const uchar *prev_p = p - 2;
+				while (*++p == '*') {}
+				if (!(flags & WM_PATHNAME))
+					/* without WM_PATHNAME, '*' == '**' */
+					match_slash = 1;
+				else if ((prev_p < pattern || *prev_p == '/') &&
+				    (*p == '\0' || *p == '/' ||
+				     (p[0] == '\\' && p[1] == '/'))) {
+					/*
+					 * Assuming we already match 'foo/' and are at
+					 * <star star slash>, just assume it matches
+					 * nothing and go ahead match the rest of the
+					 * pattern with the remaining string. This
+					 * helps make foo/<*><*>/bar (<> because
+					 * otherwise it breaks C comment syntax) match
+					 * both foo/bar and foo/a/bar.
+					 */
+					if (p[0] == '/' &&
+					    dowild(p + 1, text, flags) == WM_MATCH)
+						return WM_MATCH;
+					match_slash = 1;
+				} else
+					return WM_ABORT_MALFORMED;
+			} else
+				/* without WM_PATHNAME, '*' == '**' */
+				match_slash = flags & WM_PATHNAME ? 0 : 1;
+			if (*p == '\0') {
+				/* Trailing "**" matches everything.  Trailing "*" matches
+				 * only if there are no more slash characters. */
+				if (!match_slash) {
+					if (strchr((char*)text, '/') != NULL)
+						return WM_NOMATCH;
+				}
+				return WM_MATCH;
+			} else if (!match_slash && *p == '/') {
+				/*
+				 * _one_ asterisk followed by a slash
+				 * with WM_PATHNAME matches the next
+				 * directory
+				 */
+				const char *slash = strchr((char*)text, '/');
+				if (!slash)
+					return WM_NOMATCH;
+				text = (const uchar*)slash;
+				/* the slash is consumed by the top-level for loop */
+				break;
+			}
+			while (1) {
+				if (t_ch == '\0')
+					break;
+				/*
+				 * Try to advance faster when an asterisk is
+				 * followed by a literal. We know in this case
+				 * that the the string before the literal
+				 * must belong to "*".
+				 * If match_slash is false, do not look past
+				 * the first slash as it cannot belong to '*'.
+				 */
+				if (!is_glob_special(*p)) {
+					p_ch = *p;
+					if ((flags & WM_CASEFOLD) && ISUPPER(p_ch))
+						p_ch = tolower(p_ch);
+					while ((t_ch = *text) != '\0' &&
+					       (match_slash || t_ch != '/')) {
+						if ((flags & WM_CASEFOLD) && ISUPPER(t_ch))
+							t_ch = tolower(t_ch);
+						if (t_ch == p_ch)
+							break;
+						text++;
+					}
+					if (t_ch != p_ch)
+						return WM_NOMATCH;
+				}
+				if ((matched = dowild(p, text, flags)) != WM_NOMATCH) {
+					if (!match_slash || matched != WM_ABORT_TO_STARSTAR)
+						return matched;
+				} else if (!match_slash && t_ch == '/')
+					return WM_ABORT_TO_STARSTAR;
+				t_ch = *++text;
+			}
+			return WM_ABORT_ALL;
+		case '[':
+			p_ch = *++p;
+#ifdef NEGATE_CLASS2
+			if (p_ch == NEGATE_CLASS2)
+				p_ch = NEGATE_CLASS;
+#endif
+			/* Assign literal 1/0 because of "matched" comparison. */
+			negated = p_ch == NEGATE_CLASS ? 1 : 0;
+			if (negated) {
+				/* Inverted character class. */
+				p_ch = *++p;
+			}
+			prev_ch = 0;
+			matched = 0;
+			do {
+				if (!p_ch)
+					return WM_ABORT_ALL;
+				if (p_ch == '\\') {
+					p_ch = *++p;
+					if (!p_ch)
+						return WM_ABORT_ALL;
+					if (t_ch == p_ch)
+						matched = 1;
+				} else if (p_ch == '-' && prev_ch && p[1] && p[1] != ']') {
+					p_ch = *++p;
+					if (p_ch == '\\') {
+						p_ch = *++p;
+						if (!p_ch)
+							return WM_ABORT_ALL;
+					}
+					if (t_ch <= p_ch && t_ch >= prev_ch)
+						matched = 1;
+					else if ((flags & WM_CASEFOLD) && ISLOWER(t_ch)) {
+						uchar t_ch_upper = toupper(t_ch);
+						if (t_ch_upper <= p_ch && t_ch_upper >= prev_ch)
+							matched = 1;
+					}
+					p_ch = 0; /* This makes "prev_ch" get set to 0. */
+				} else if (p_ch == '[' && p[1] == ':') {
+					const uchar *s;
+					int i;
+					for (s = p += 2; (p_ch = *p) && p_ch != ']'; p++) {} /*SHARED ITERATOR*/
+					if (!p_ch)
+						return WM_ABORT_ALL;
+					i = p - s - 1;
+					if (i < 0 || p[-1] != ':') {
+						/* Didn't find ":]", so treat like a normal set. */
+						p = s - 2;
+						p_ch = '[';
+						if (t_ch == p_ch)
+							matched = 1;
+						continue;
+					}
+					if (CC_EQ(s,i, "alnum")) {
+						if (ISALNUM(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "alpha")) {
+						if (ISALPHA(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "blank")) {
+						if (ISBLANK(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "cntrl")) {
+						if (ISCNTRL(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "digit")) {
+						if (ISDIGIT(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "graph")) {
+						if (ISGRAPH(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "lower")) {
+						if (ISLOWER(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "print")) {
+						if (ISPRINT(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "punct")) {
+						if (ISPUNCT(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "space")) {
+						if (ISSPACE(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "upper")) {
+						if (ISUPPER(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+						else if ((flags & WM_CASEFOLD) && ISLOWER(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "xdigit")) {
+						if (ISXDIGIT(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else /* malformed [:class:] string */
+						return WM_ABORT_ALL;
+					p_ch = 0; /* This makes "prev_ch" get set to 0. */
+				} else if (t_ch == p_ch)
+					matched = 1;
+			} while (prev_ch = p_ch, (p_ch = *++p) != ']');
+			if (matched == negated ||
+			    ((flags & WM_PATHNAME) && t_ch == '/'))
+				return WM_NOMATCH;
+			continue;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return *text ? WM_NOMATCH : WM_MATCH;
+}
+
+/* Match the "pattern" against the "text" string. */
+int wildmatch(const char *pattern, const char *text,
+	      unsigned int flags, struct wildopts *wo)
+{
+	return dowild((const uchar*)pattern, (const uchar*)text, flags);
+}
diff --git a/wildmatch.h b/wildmatch.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4090c8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wildmatch.h
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#ifndef WILDMATCH_H
+#define WILDMATCH_H
+
+#define WM_CASEFOLD 1
+#define WM_PATHNAME 2
+
+#define WM_ABORT_MALFORMED 2
+#define WM_NOMATCH 1
+#define WM_MATCH 0
+#define WM_ABORT_ALL -1
+#define WM_ABORT_TO_STARSTAR -2
+
+struct wildopts;
+
+int wildmatch(const char *pattern, const char *text,
+	      unsigned int flags,
+	      struct wildopts *wo);
+#endif
diff --git a/wrapper.c b/wrapper.c
index b5e33e4..dd7ecbb 100644
--- a/wrapper.c
+++ b/wrapper.c
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@
 		int saved_errno = errno;
 		const char *nonrelative_template;
 
-		if (!template[0])
+		if (strlen(template) != strlen(origtemplate))
 			template = origtemplate;
 
 		nonrelative_template = absolute_path(template);
@@ -403,6 +403,33 @@
 	return S_ISGITLINK(mode) ? rmdir_or_warn(file) : unlink_or_warn(file);
 }
 
+void warn_on_inaccessible(const char *path)
+{
+	warning(_("unable to access '%s': %s"), path, strerror(errno));
+}
+
+static int access_error_is_ok(int err, unsigned flag)
+{
+	return err == ENOENT || err == ENOTDIR ||
+		((flag & ACCESS_EACCES_OK) && err == EACCES);
+}
+
+int access_or_warn(const char *path, int mode, unsigned flag)
+{
+	int ret = access(path, mode);
+	if (ret && !access_error_is_ok(errno, flag))
+		warn_on_inaccessible(path);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int access_or_die(const char *path, int mode, unsigned flag)
+{
+	int ret = access(path, mode);
+	if (ret && !access_error_is_ok(errno, flag))
+		die_errno(_("unable to access '%s'"), path);
+	return ret;
+}
+
 struct passwd *xgetpwuid_self(void)
 {
 	struct passwd *pw;
diff --git a/write_or_die.c b/write_or_die.c
index d45b536..b50f99a 100644
--- a/write_or_die.c
+++ b/write_or_die.c
@@ -1,5 +1,15 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 
+static void check_pipe(int err)
+{
+	if (err == EPIPE) {
+		signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_DFL);
+		raise(SIGPIPE);
+		/* Should never happen, but just in case... */
+		exit(141);
+	}
+}
+
 /*
  * Some cases use stdio, but want to flush after the write
  * to get error handling (and to get better interactive
@@ -34,13 +44,7 @@
 			return;
 	}
 	if (fflush(f)) {
-		/*
-		 * On Windows, EPIPE is returned only by the first write()
-		 * after the reading end has closed its handle; subsequent
-		 * write()s return EINVAL.
-		 */
-		if (errno == EPIPE || errno == EINVAL)
-			exit(0);
+		check_pipe(errno);
 		die_errno("write failure on '%s'", desc);
 	}
 }
@@ -55,8 +59,7 @@
 void write_or_die(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count)
 {
 	if (write_in_full(fd, buf, count) < 0) {
-		if (errno == EPIPE)
-			exit(0);
+		check_pipe(errno);
 		die_errno("write error");
 	}
 }
@@ -64,8 +67,7 @@
 int write_or_whine_pipe(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count, const char *msg)
 {
 	if (write_in_full(fd, buf, count) < 0) {
-		if (errno == EPIPE)
-			exit(0);
+		check_pipe(errno);
 		fprintf(stderr, "%s: write error (%s)\n",
 			msg, strerror(errno));
 		return 0;
diff --git a/wt-status.c b/wt-status.c
index dd6d8c4..bf84a86 100644
--- a/wt-status.c
+++ b/wt-status.c
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "submodule.h"
 #include "column.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
 
 static char default_wt_status_colors[][COLOR_MAXLEN] = {
 	GIT_COLOR_NORMAL, /* WT_STATUS_HEADER */
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@
 
 	strbuf_vaddf(&sb, fmt, ap);
 	if (!sb.len) {
-		strbuf_addch(&sb, '#');
+		strbuf_addch(&sb, comment_line_char);
 		if (!trail)
 			strbuf_addch(&sb, ' ');
 		color_print_strbuf(s->fp, color, &sb);
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@
 
 		strbuf_reset(&linebuf);
 		if (at_bol) {
-			strbuf_addch(&linebuf, '#');
+			strbuf_addch(&linebuf, comment_line_char);
 			if (*line != '\n' && *line != '\t')
 				strbuf_addch(&linebuf, ' ');
 		}
@@ -99,8 +100,8 @@
 	va_end(ap);
 }
 
-void status_printf_more(struct wt_status *s, const char *color,
-			const char *fmt, ...)
+static void status_printf_more(struct wt_status *s, const char *color,
+			       const char *fmt, ...)
 {
 	va_list ap;
 
@@ -130,9 +131,34 @@
 
 static void wt_status_print_unmerged_header(struct wt_status *s)
 {
+	int i;
+	int del_mod_conflict = 0;
+	int both_deleted = 0;
+	int not_deleted = 0;
 	const char *c = color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s);
 
 	status_printf_ln(s, c, _("Unmerged paths:"));
+
+	for (i = 0; i < s->change.nr; i++) {
+		struct string_list_item *it = &(s->change.items[i]);
+		struct wt_status_change_data *d = it->util;
+
+		switch (d->stagemask) {
+		case 0:
+			break;
+		case 1:
+			both_deleted = 1;
+			break;
+		case 3:
+		case 5:
+			del_mod_conflict = 1;
+			break;
+		default:
+			not_deleted = 1;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
 	if (!advice_status_hints)
 		return;
 	if (s->whence != FROM_COMMIT)
@@ -141,7 +167,17 @@
 		status_printf_ln(s, c, _("  (use \"git reset %s <file>...\" to unstage)"), s->reference);
 	else
 		status_printf_ln(s, c, _("  (use \"git rm --cached <file>...\" to unstage)"));
-	status_printf_ln(s, c, _("  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" as appropriate to mark resolution)"));
+
+	if (!both_deleted) {
+		if (!del_mod_conflict)
+			status_printf_ln(s, c, _("  (use \"git add <file>...\" to mark resolution)"));
+		else
+			status_printf_ln(s, c, _("  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" as appropriate to mark resolution)"));
+	} else if (!del_mod_conflict && !not_deleted) {
+		status_printf_ln(s, c, _("  (use \"git rm <file>...\" to mark resolution)"));
+	} else {
+		status_printf_ln(s, c, _("  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" as appropriate to mark resolution)"));
+	}
 	status_printf_ln(s, c, "");
 }
 
@@ -185,7 +221,7 @@
 					 const char *how)
 {
 	const char *c = color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s);
-	status_printf_ln(s, c, _("%s files:"), what);
+	status_printf_ln(s, c, "%s:", what);
 	if (!advice_status_hints)
 		return;
 	status_printf_ln(s, c, _("  (use \"git %s <file>...\" to include in what will be committed)"), how);
@@ -228,7 +264,7 @@
 {
 	struct wt_status_change_data *d = it->util;
 	const char *c = color(change_type, s);
-	int status = status;
+	int status;
 	char *one_name;
 	char *two_name;
 	const char *one, *two;
@@ -256,6 +292,9 @@
 		}
 		status = d->worktree_status;
 		break;
+	default:
+		die("BUG: unhandled change_type %d in wt_status_print_change_data",
+		    change_type);
 	}
 
 	one = quote_path(one_name, -1, &onebuf, s->prefix);
@@ -460,16 +499,24 @@
 {
 	int i;
 	struct dir_struct dir;
+	struct timeval t_begin;
 
 	if (!s->show_untracked_files)
 		return;
+
+	if (advice_status_u_option)
+		gettimeofday(&t_begin, NULL);
+
 	memset(&dir, 0, sizeof(dir));
 	if (s->show_untracked_files != SHOW_ALL_UNTRACKED_FILES)
 		dir.flags |=
 			DIR_SHOW_OTHER_DIRECTORIES | DIR_HIDE_EMPTY_DIRECTORIES;
+	if (s->show_ignored_files)
+		dir.flags |= DIR_SHOW_IGNORED_TOO;
 	setup_standard_excludes(&dir);
 
 	fill_directory(&dir, s->pathspec);
+
 	for (i = 0; i < dir.nr; i++) {
 		struct dir_entry *ent = dir.entries[i];
 		if (cache_name_is_other(ent->name, ent->len) &&
@@ -478,20 +525,25 @@
 		free(ent);
 	}
 
-	if (s->show_ignored_files) {
-		dir.nr = 0;
-		dir.flags = DIR_SHOW_IGNORED | DIR_SHOW_OTHER_DIRECTORIES;
-		fill_directory(&dir, s->pathspec);
-		for (i = 0; i < dir.nr; i++) {
-			struct dir_entry *ent = dir.entries[i];
-			if (cache_name_is_other(ent->name, ent->len) &&
-			    match_pathspec(s->pathspec, ent->name, ent->len, 0, NULL))
-				string_list_insert(&s->ignored, ent->name);
-			free(ent);
-		}
+	for (i = 0; i < dir.ignored_nr; i++) {
+		struct dir_entry *ent = dir.ignored[i];
+		if (cache_name_is_other(ent->name, ent->len) &&
+		    match_pathspec(s->pathspec, ent->name, ent->len, 0, NULL))
+			string_list_insert(&s->ignored, ent->name);
+		free(ent);
 	}
 
 	free(dir.entries);
+	free(dir.ignored);
+	clear_directory(&dir);
+
+	if (advice_status_u_option) {
+		struct timeval t_end;
+		gettimeofday(&t_end, NULL);
+		s->untracked_in_ms =
+			(uint64_t)t_end.tv_sec * 1000 + t_end.tv_usec / 1000 -
+			((uint64_t)t_begin.tv_sec * 1000 + t_begin.tv_usec / 1000);
+	}
 }
 
 void wt_status_collect(struct wt_status *s)
@@ -724,14 +776,398 @@
 
 	for (cp = sb.buf; (ep = strchr(cp, '\n')) != NULL; cp = ep + 1)
 		color_fprintf_ln(s->fp, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s),
-				 "# %.*s", (int)(ep - cp), cp);
-	color_fprintf_ln(s->fp, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "#");
+				 "%c %.*s", comment_line_char,
+				 (int)(ep - cp), cp);
+	color_fprintf_ln(s->fp, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "%c",
+			 comment_line_char);
+}
+
+static int has_unmerged(struct wt_status *s)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < s->change.nr; i++) {
+		struct wt_status_change_data *d;
+		d = s->change.items[i].util;
+		if (d->stagemask)
+			return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void show_merge_in_progress(struct wt_status *s,
+				struct wt_status_state *state,
+				const char *color)
+{
+	if (has_unmerged(s)) {
+		status_printf_ln(s, color, _("You have unmerged paths."));
+		if (advice_status_hints)
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				_("  (fix conflicts and run \"git commit\")"));
+	} else {
+		status_printf_ln(s, color,
+			_("All conflicts fixed but you are still merging."));
+		if (advice_status_hints)
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				_("  (use \"git commit\" to conclude merge)"));
+	}
+	wt_status_print_trailer(s);
+}
+
+static void show_am_in_progress(struct wt_status *s,
+				struct wt_status_state *state,
+				const char *color)
+{
+	status_printf_ln(s, color,
+		_("You are in the middle of an am session."));
+	if (state->am_empty_patch)
+		status_printf_ln(s, color,
+			_("The current patch is empty."));
+	if (advice_status_hints) {
+		if (!state->am_empty_patch)
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				_("  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --resolved\")"));
+		status_printf_ln(s, color,
+			_("  (use \"git am --skip\" to skip this patch)"));
+		status_printf_ln(s, color,
+			_("  (use \"git am --abort\" to restore the original branch)"));
+	}
+	wt_status_print_trailer(s);
+}
+
+static char *read_line_from_git_path(const char *filename)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	FILE *fp = fopen(git_path("%s", filename), "r");
+	if (!fp) {
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	strbuf_getline(&buf, fp, '\n');
+	if (!fclose(fp)) {
+		return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+	} else {
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+static int split_commit_in_progress(struct wt_status *s)
+{
+	int split_in_progress = 0;
+	char *head = read_line_from_git_path("HEAD");
+	char *orig_head = read_line_from_git_path("ORIG_HEAD");
+	char *rebase_amend = read_line_from_git_path("rebase-merge/amend");
+	char *rebase_orig_head = read_line_from_git_path("rebase-merge/orig-head");
+
+	if (!head || !orig_head || !rebase_amend || !rebase_orig_head ||
+	    !s->branch || strcmp(s->branch, "HEAD"))
+		return split_in_progress;
+
+	if (!strcmp(rebase_amend, rebase_orig_head)) {
+		if (strcmp(head, rebase_amend))
+			split_in_progress = 1;
+	} else if (strcmp(orig_head, rebase_orig_head)) {
+		split_in_progress = 1;
+	}
+
+	if (!s->amend && !s->nowarn && !s->workdir_dirty)
+		split_in_progress = 0;
+
+	free(head);
+	free(orig_head);
+	free(rebase_amend);
+	free(rebase_orig_head);
+	return split_in_progress;
+}
+
+static void show_rebase_in_progress(struct wt_status *s,
+				struct wt_status_state *state,
+				const char *color)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+
+	if (has_unmerged(s)) {
+		if (state->branch)
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+					 _("You are currently rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."),
+					 state->branch,
+					 state->onto);
+		else
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+					 _("You are currently rebasing."));
+		if (advice_status_hints) {
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				_("  (fix conflicts and then run \"git rebase --continue\")"));
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				_("  (use \"git rebase --skip\" to skip this patch)"));
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				_("  (use \"git rebase --abort\" to check out the original branch)"));
+		}
+	} else if (state->rebase_in_progress || !stat(git_path("MERGE_MSG"), &st)) {
+		if (state->branch)
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+					 _("You are currently rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."),
+					 state->branch,
+					 state->onto);
+		else
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+					 _("You are currently rebasing."));
+		if (advice_status_hints)
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				_("  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git rebase --continue\")"));
+	} else if (split_commit_in_progress(s)) {
+		if (state->branch)
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+					 _("You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."),
+					 state->branch,
+					 state->onto);
+		else
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+					 _("You are currently splitting a commit during a rebase."));
+		if (advice_status_hints)
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				_("  (Once your working directory is clean, run \"git rebase --continue\")"));
+	} else {
+		if (state->branch)
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+					 _("You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."),
+					 state->branch,
+					 state->onto);
+		else
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+					 _("You are currently editing a commit during a rebase."));
+		if (advice_status_hints && !s->amend) {
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				_("  (use \"git commit --amend\" to amend the current commit)"));
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				_("  (use \"git rebase --continue\" once you are satisfied with your changes)"));
+		}
+	}
+	wt_status_print_trailer(s);
+}
+
+static void show_cherry_pick_in_progress(struct wt_status *s,
+					struct wt_status_state *state,
+					const char *color)
+{
+	status_printf_ln(s, color, _("You are currently cherry-picking."));
+	if (advice_status_hints) {
+		if (has_unmerged(s))
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				_("  (fix conflicts and run \"git commit\")"));
+		else
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				_("  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git commit\")"));
+	}
+	wt_status_print_trailer(s);
+}
+
+static void show_revert_in_progress(struct wt_status *s,
+					struct wt_status_state *state,
+					const char *color)
+{
+	status_printf_ln(s, color, _("You are currently reverting commit %s."),
+			 find_unique_abbrev(state->revert_head_sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+	if (advice_status_hints) {
+		if (has_unmerged(s))
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				_("  (fix conflicts and run \"git revert --continue\")"));
+		else
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				_("  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git revert --continue\")"));
+		status_printf_ln(s, color,
+			_("  (use \"git revert --abort\" to cancel the revert operation)"));
+	}
+	wt_status_print_trailer(s);
+}
+
+static void show_bisect_in_progress(struct wt_status *s,
+				struct wt_status_state *state,
+				const char *color)
+{
+	if (state->branch)
+		status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				 _("You are currently bisecting, started from branch '%s'."),
+				 state->branch);
+	else
+		status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				 _("You are currently bisecting."));
+	if (advice_status_hints)
+		status_printf_ln(s, color,
+			_("  (use \"git bisect reset\" to get back to the original branch)"));
+	wt_status_print_trailer(s);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Extract branch information from rebase/bisect
+ */
+static char *read_and_strip_branch(const char *path)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+	if (strbuf_read_file(&sb, git_path("%s", path), 0) <= 0)
+		goto got_nothing;
+
+	while (&sb.len && sb.buf[sb.len - 1] == '\n')
+		strbuf_setlen(&sb, sb.len - 1);
+	if (!sb.len)
+		goto got_nothing;
+	if (!prefixcmp(sb.buf, "refs/heads/"))
+		strbuf_remove(&sb,0, strlen("refs/heads/"));
+	else if (!prefixcmp(sb.buf, "refs/"))
+		;
+	else if (!get_sha1_hex(sb.buf, sha1)) {
+		const char *abbrev;
+		abbrev = find_unique_abbrev(sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
+		strbuf_reset(&sb);
+		strbuf_addstr(&sb, abbrev);
+	} else if (!strcmp(sb.buf, "detached HEAD")) /* rebase */
+		goto got_nothing;
+	else			/* bisect */
+		;
+	return strbuf_detach(&sb, NULL);
+
+got_nothing:
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+struct grab_1st_switch_cbdata {
+	int found;
+	struct strbuf buf;
+	unsigned char nsha1[20];
+};
+
+static int grab_1st_switch(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1,
+			   const char *email, unsigned long timestamp, int tz,
+			   const char *message, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct grab_1st_switch_cbdata *cb = cb_data;
+	const char *target = NULL, *end;
+
+	if (prefixcmp(message, "checkout: moving from "))
+		return 0;
+	message += strlen("checkout: moving from ");
+	target = strstr(message, " to ");
+	if (!target)
+		return 0;
+	target += strlen(" to ");
+	strbuf_reset(&cb->buf);
+	hashcpy(cb->nsha1, nsha1);
+	for (end = target; *end && *end != '\n'; end++)
+		;
+	strbuf_add(&cb->buf, target, end - target);
+	cb->found = 1;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static void wt_status_get_detached_from(struct wt_status_state *state)
+{
+	struct grab_1st_switch_cbdata cb;
+	struct commit *commit;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	char *ref = NULL;
+
+	strbuf_init(&cb.buf, 0);
+	if (for_each_reflog_ent_reverse("HEAD", grab_1st_switch, &cb) <= 0) {
+		strbuf_release(&cb.buf);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (dwim_ref(cb.buf.buf, cb.buf.len, sha1, &ref) == 1 &&
+	    /* sha1 is a commit? match without further lookup */
+	    (!hashcmp(cb.nsha1, sha1) ||
+	     /* perhaps sha1 is a tag, try to dereference to a commit */
+	     ((commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1, 1)) != NULL &&
+	      !hashcmp(cb.nsha1, commit->object.sha1)))) {
+		int ofs;
+		if (!prefixcmp(ref, "refs/tags/"))
+			ofs = strlen("refs/tags/");
+		else if (!prefixcmp(ref, "refs/remotes/"))
+			ofs = strlen("refs/remotes/");
+		else
+			ofs = 0;
+		state->detached_from = xstrdup(ref + ofs);
+	} else
+		state->detached_from =
+			xstrdup(find_unique_abbrev(cb.nsha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+	hashcpy(state->detached_sha1, cb.nsha1);
+
+	free(ref);
+	strbuf_release(&cb.buf);
+}
+
+void wt_status_get_state(struct wt_status_state *state,
+			 int get_detached_from)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+	if (!stat(git_path("MERGE_HEAD"), &st)) {
+		state->merge_in_progress = 1;
+	} else if (!stat(git_path("rebase-apply"), &st)) {
+		if (!stat(git_path("rebase-apply/applying"), &st)) {
+			state->am_in_progress = 1;
+			if (!stat(git_path("rebase-apply/patch"), &st) && !st.st_size)
+				state->am_empty_patch = 1;
+		} else {
+			state->rebase_in_progress = 1;
+			state->branch = read_and_strip_branch("rebase-apply/head-name");
+			state->onto = read_and_strip_branch("rebase-apply/onto");
+		}
+	} else if (!stat(git_path("rebase-merge"), &st)) {
+		if (!stat(git_path("rebase-merge/interactive"), &st))
+			state->rebase_interactive_in_progress = 1;
+		else
+			state->rebase_in_progress = 1;
+		state->branch = read_and_strip_branch("rebase-merge/head-name");
+		state->onto = read_and_strip_branch("rebase-merge/onto");
+	} else if (!stat(git_path("CHERRY_PICK_HEAD"), &st)) {
+		state->cherry_pick_in_progress = 1;
+	}
+	if (!stat(git_path("BISECT_LOG"), &st)) {
+		state->bisect_in_progress = 1;
+		state->branch = read_and_strip_branch("BISECT_START");
+	}
+	if (!stat(git_path("REVERT_HEAD"), &st) &&
+	    !get_sha1("REVERT_HEAD", sha1)) {
+		state->revert_in_progress = 1;
+		hashcpy(state->revert_head_sha1, sha1);
+	}
+
+	if (get_detached_from)
+		wt_status_get_detached_from(state);
+}
+
+static void wt_status_print_state(struct wt_status *s,
+				  struct wt_status_state *state)
+{
+	const char *state_color = color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s);
+	if (state->merge_in_progress)
+		show_merge_in_progress(s, state, state_color);
+	else if (state->am_in_progress)
+		show_am_in_progress(s, state, state_color);
+	else if (state->rebase_in_progress || state->rebase_interactive_in_progress)
+		show_rebase_in_progress(s, state, state_color);
+	else if (state->cherry_pick_in_progress)
+		show_cherry_pick_in_progress(s, state, state_color);
+	else if (state->revert_in_progress)
+		show_revert_in_progress(s, state, state_color);
+	if (state->bisect_in_progress)
+		show_bisect_in_progress(s, state, state_color);
 }
 
 void wt_status_print(struct wt_status *s)
 {
 	const char *branch_color = color(WT_STATUS_ONBRANCH, s);
 	const char *branch_status_color = color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s);
+	struct wt_status_state state;
+
+	memset(&state, 0, sizeof(state));
+	wt_status_get_state(&state,
+			    s->branch && !strcmp(s->branch, "HEAD"));
 
 	if (s->branch) {
 		const char *on_what = _("On branch ");
@@ -739,9 +1175,19 @@
 		if (!prefixcmp(branch_name, "refs/heads/"))
 			branch_name += 11;
 		else if (!strcmp(branch_name, "HEAD")) {
-			branch_name = "";
 			branch_status_color = color(WT_STATUS_NOBRANCH, s);
-			on_what = _("Not currently on any branch.");
+			if (state.detached_from) {
+				unsigned char sha1[20];
+				branch_name = state.detached_from;
+				if (!get_sha1("HEAD", sha1) &&
+				    !hashcmp(sha1, state.detached_sha1))
+					on_what = _("HEAD detached at ");
+				else
+					on_what = _("HEAD detached from ");
+			} else {
+				branch_name = "";
+				on_what = _("Not currently on any branch.");
+			}
 		}
 		status_printf(s, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "");
 		status_printf_more(s, branch_status_color, "%s", on_what);
@@ -750,6 +1196,11 @@
 			wt_status_print_tracking(s);
 	}
 
+	wt_status_print_state(s, &state);
+	free(state.branch);
+	free(state.onto);
+	free(state.detached_from);
+
 	if (s->is_initial) {
 		status_printf_ln(s, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "");
 		status_printf_ln(s, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), _("Initial commit"));
@@ -766,9 +1217,17 @@
 		wt_status_print_submodule_summary(s, 1);  /* unstaged */
 	}
 	if (s->show_untracked_files) {
-		wt_status_print_other(s, &s->untracked, _("Untracked"), "add");
+		wt_status_print_other(s, &s->untracked, _("Untracked files"), "add");
 		if (s->show_ignored_files)
-			wt_status_print_other(s, &s->ignored, _("Ignored"), "add -f");
+			wt_status_print_other(s, &s->ignored, _("Ignored files"), "add -f");
+		if (advice_status_u_option && 2000 < s->untracked_in_ms) {
+			status_printf_ln(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL, "");
+			status_printf_ln(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,
+					 _("It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files. 'status -uno'\n"
+					   "may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add\n"
+					   "new files yourself (see 'git help status')."),
+					 s->untracked_in_ms / 1000.0);
+		}
 	} else if (s->commitable)
 		status_printf_ln(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL, _("Untracked files not listed%s"),
 			advice_status_hints
@@ -781,23 +1240,31 @@
 			status_printf_ln(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL, _("No changes"));
 		else if (s->nowarn)
 			; /* nothing */
-		else if (s->workdir_dirty)
-			printf(_("no changes added to commit%s\n"),
-				advice_status_hints
-				? _(" (use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")") : "");
-		else if (s->untracked.nr)
-			printf(_("nothing added to commit but untracked files present%s\n"),
-				advice_status_hints
-				? _(" (use \"git add\" to track)") : "");
-		else if (s->is_initial)
-			printf(_("nothing to commit%s\n"), advice_status_hints
-				? _(" (create/copy files and use \"git add\" to track)") : "");
-		else if (!s->show_untracked_files)
-			printf(_("nothing to commit%s\n"), advice_status_hints
-				? _(" (use -u to show untracked files)") : "");
-		else
-			printf(_("nothing to commit%s\n"), advice_status_hints
-				? _(" (working directory clean)") : "");
+		else if (s->workdir_dirty) {
+			if (advice_status_hints)
+				printf(_("no changes added to commit "
+					 "(use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")\n"));
+			else
+				printf(_("no changes added to commit\n"));
+		} else if (s->untracked.nr) {
+			if (advice_status_hints)
+				printf(_("nothing added to commit but untracked files "
+					 "present (use \"git add\" to track)\n"));
+			else
+				printf(_("nothing added to commit but untracked files present\n"));
+		} else if (s->is_initial) {
+			if (advice_status_hints)
+				printf(_("nothing to commit (create/copy files "
+					 "and use \"git add\" to track)\n"));
+			else
+				printf(_("nothing to commit\n"));
+		} else if (!s->show_untracked_files) {
+			if (advice_status_hints)
+				printf(_("nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)\n"));
+			else
+				printf(_("nothing to commit\n"));
+		} else
+			printf(_("nothing to commit, working directory clean\n"));
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/wt-status.h b/wt-status.h
index 14aa9f7..4121bc2 100644
--- a/wt-status.h
+++ b/wt-status.h
@@ -69,11 +69,29 @@
 	struct string_list change;
 	struct string_list untracked;
 	struct string_list ignored;
+	uint32_t untracked_in_ms;
+};
+
+struct wt_status_state {
+	int merge_in_progress;
+	int am_in_progress;
+	int am_empty_patch;
+	int rebase_in_progress;
+	int rebase_interactive_in_progress;
+	int cherry_pick_in_progress;
+	int bisect_in_progress;
+	int revert_in_progress;
+	char *branch;
+	char *onto;
+	char *detached_from;
+	unsigned char detached_sha1[20];
+	unsigned char revert_head_sha1[20];
 };
 
 void wt_status_prepare(struct wt_status *s);
 void wt_status_print(struct wt_status *s);
 void wt_status_collect(struct wt_status *s);
+void wt_status_get_state(struct wt_status_state *state, int get_detached_from);
 
 void wt_shortstatus_print(struct wt_status *s);
 void wt_porcelain_print(struct wt_status *s);
@@ -82,7 +100,5 @@
 	;
 void status_printf(struct wt_status *s, const char *color, const char *fmt, ...)
 	;
-void status_printf_more(struct wt_status *s, const char *color, const char *fmt, ...)
-	__attribute__((format(printf, 3, 4)));
 
 #endif /* STATUS_H */
diff --git a/xdiff/xdiffi.c b/xdiff/xdiffi.c
index 1b7012a..b2eb6db 100644
--- a/xdiff/xdiffi.c
+++ b/xdiff/xdiffi.c
@@ -490,7 +490,7 @@
 
 		/*
 		 * Try to move back the possibly merged group of changes, to match
-		 * the recorded postion in the other file.
+		 * the recorded position in the other file.
 		 */
 		while (ixref < ix) {
 			rchg[--ixs] = 1;
diff --git a/xdiff/xhistogram.c b/xdiff/xhistogram.c
index bf99787..73210cb 100644
--- a/xdiff/xhistogram.c
+++ b/xdiff/xhistogram.c
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
 	struct record {
 		unsigned int ptr, cnt;
 		struct record *next;
-	} **records, /* an ocurrence */
+	} **records, /* an occurrence */
 	  **line_map; /* map of line to record chain */
 	chastore_t rcha;
 	unsigned int *next_ptrs;
diff --git a/zlib.c b/zlib.c
index 2b2c0c7..61e6df0 100644
--- a/zlib.c
+++ b/zlib.c
@@ -168,13 +168,8 @@
 	    strm->z.msg ? strm->z.msg : "no message");
 }
 
-void git_deflate_init_gzip(git_zstream *strm, int level)
+static void do_git_deflate_init(git_zstream *strm, int level, int windowBits)
 {
-	/*
-	 * Use default 15 bits, +16 is to generate gzip header/trailer
-	 * instead of the zlib wrapper.
-	 */
-	const int windowBits = 15 + 16;
 	int status;
 
 	zlib_pre_call(strm);
@@ -188,6 +183,24 @@
 	    strm->z.msg ? strm->z.msg : "no message");
 }
 
+void git_deflate_init_gzip(git_zstream *strm, int level)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Use default 15 bits, +16 is to generate gzip header/trailer
+	 * instead of the zlib wrapper.
+	 */
+	do_git_deflate_init(strm, level, 15 + 16);
+}
+
+void git_deflate_init_raw(git_zstream *strm, int level)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Use default 15 bits, negate the value to get raw compressed
+	 * data without zlib header and trailer.
+	 */
+	do_git_deflate_init(strm, level, -15);
+}
+
 int git_deflate_abort(git_zstream *strm)
 {
 	int status;