Documentation/git-update-index.txt - jrn/git - Git at Google

 git-update-index(1)
 ===================

 NAME
 ----
 git-update-index - Register file contents in the working tree to the index


 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
 'git update-index'
 	     [--add] [--remove | --force-remove] [--replace]
 	     [--refresh] [-q] [--unmerged] [--ignore-missing]
 	     [(--cacheinfo <mode> <object> <file>)...]
 	     [--chmod=(+|-)x]
 	     [--assume-unchanged | --no-assume-unchanged]
 	     [--skip-worktree | --no-skip-worktree]
 	     [--ignore-submodules]
 	     [--really-refresh] [--unresolve] [--again | -g]
 	     [--info-only] [--index-info]
 	     [-z] [--stdin] [--index-version <n>]
 	     [--verbose]
 	     [--] [<file>...]

 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 Modifies the index or directory cache. Each file mentioned is updated
 into the index and any 'unmerged' or 'needs updating' state is
 cleared.

 See also linkgit:git-add[1] for a more user-friendly way to do some of
 the most common operations on the index.

 The way 'git update-index' handles files it is told about can be modified
 using the various options:

 OPTIONS
 -------
 --add::
 	If a specified file isn't in the index already then it's
 	added.
 	Default behaviour is to ignore new files.

 --remove::
 	If a specified file is in the index but is missing then it's
 	removed.
 	Default behavior is to ignore removed file.

 --refresh::
 	Looks at the current index and checks to see if merges or
 	updates are needed by checking stat() information.

 -q::
         Quiet.  If --refresh finds that the index needs an update, the
         default behavior is to error out.  This option makes
 	'git update-index' continue anyway.

 --ignore-submodules::
 	Do not try to update submodules.  This option is only respected
 	when passed before --refresh.

 --unmerged::
         If --refresh finds unmerged changes in the index, the default
 	behavior is to error out.  This option makes 'git update-index'
         continue anyway.

 --ignore-missing::
 	Ignores missing files during a --refresh

 --cacheinfo <mode> <object> <path>::
 	Directly insert the specified info into the index.

 --index-info::
         Read index information from stdin.

 --chmod=(+|-)x::
         Set the execute permissions on the updated files.

 --assume-unchanged::
 --no-assume-unchanged::
 	When these flags are specified, the object names recorded
 	for the paths are not updated.  Instead, these options
 	set and unset the "assume unchanged" bit for the
 	paths.  When the "assume unchanged" bit is on, git stops
 	checking the working tree files for possible
 	modifications, so you need to manually unset the bit to
 	tell git when you change the working tree file. This is
 	sometimes helpful when working with a big project on a
 	filesystem that has very slow lstat(2) system call
 	(e.g. cifs).
 +
 This option can be also used as a coarse file-level mechanism
 to ignore uncommitted changes in tracked files (akin to what
 `.gitignore` does for untracked files).
 Git will fail (gracefully) in case it needs to modify this file
 in the index e.g. when merging in a commit;
 thus, in case the assumed-untracked file is changed upstream,
 you will need to handle the situation manually.

 --really-refresh::
 	Like '--refresh', but checks stat information unconditionally,
 	without regard to the "assume unchanged" setting.

 --skip-worktree::
 --no-skip-worktree::
 	When one of these flags is specified, the object name recorded
 	for the paths are not updated. Instead, these options
 	set and unset the "skip-worktree" bit for the paths. See
 	section "Skip-worktree bit" below for more information.

 -g::
 --again::
 	Runs 'git update-index' itself on the paths whose index
 	entries are different from those from the `HEAD` commit.

 --unresolve::
 	Restores the 'unmerged' or 'needs updating' state of a
 	file during a merge if it was cleared by accident.

 --info-only::
 	Do not create objects in the object database for all
 	<file> arguments that follow this flag; just insert
 	their object IDs into the index.

 --force-remove::
 	Remove the file from the index even when the working directory
 	still has such a file. (Implies --remove.)

 --replace::
 	By default, when a file `path` exists in the index,
 	'git update-index' refuses an attempt to add `path/file`.
 	Similarly if a file `path/file` exists, a file `path`
 	cannot be added.  With --replace flag, existing entries
 	that conflict with the entry being added are
 	automatically removed with warning messages.

 --stdin::
 	Instead of taking list of paths from the command line,
 	read list of paths from the standard input.  Paths are
 	separated by LF (i.e. one path per line) by default.

 --verbose::
         Report what is being added and removed from index.

 --index-version <n>::
 	Write the resulting index out in the named on-disk format version.
 	The current default version is 2.

 -z::
 	Only meaningful with `--stdin` or `--index-info`; paths are
 	separated with NUL character instead of LF.

 \--::
 	Do not interpret any more arguments as options.

 <file>::
 	Files to act on.
 	Note that files beginning with '.' are discarded. This includes
 	`./file` and `dir/./file`. If you don't want this, then use
 	cleaner names.
 	The same applies to directories ending '/' and paths with '//'

 Using --refresh
 ---------------
 '--refresh' does not calculate a new sha1 file or bring the index
 up-to-date for mode/content changes. But what it *does* do is to
 "re-match" the stat information of a file with the index, so that you
 can refresh the index for a file that hasn't been changed but where
 the stat entry is out of date.

 For example, you'd want to do this after doing a 'git read-tree', to link
 up the stat index details with the proper files.

 Using --cacheinfo or --info-only
 --------------------------------
 '--cacheinfo' is used to register a file that is not in the
 current working directory.  This is useful for minimum-checkout
 merging.

 To pretend you have a file with mode and sha1 at path, say:

 ----------------
 $ git update-index --cacheinfo mode sha1 path
 ----------------

 '--info-only' is used to register files without placing them in the object
 database.  This is useful for status-only repositories.

 Both '--cacheinfo' and '--info-only' behave similarly: the index is updated
 but the object database isn't.  '--cacheinfo' is useful when the object is
 in the database but the file isn't available locally.  '--info-only' is
 useful when the file is available, but you do not wish to update the
 object database.


 Using --index-info
 ------------------

 `--index-info` is a more powerful mechanism that lets you feed
 multiple entry definitions from the standard input, and designed
 specifically for scripts.  It can take inputs of three formats:

     . mode         SP sha1          TAB path
 +
 The first format is what "git-apply --index-info"
 reports, and used to reconstruct a partial tree
 that is used for phony merge base tree when falling
 back on 3-way merge.

     . mode SP type SP sha1          TAB path
 +
 The second format is to stuff 'git ls-tree' output
 into the index file.

     . mode         SP sha1 SP stage TAB path
 +
 This format is to put higher order stages into the
 index file and matches 'git ls-files --stage' output.

 To place a higher stage entry to the index, the path should
 first be removed by feeding a mode=0 entry for the path, and
 then feeding necessary input lines in the third format.

 For example, starting with this index:

 ------------
 $ git ls-files -s
 100644 8a1218a1024a212bb3db30becd860315f9f3ac52 0       frotz
 ------------

 you can feed the following input to `--index-info`:

 ------------
 $ git update-index --index-info
 0 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000	frotz
 100644 8a1218a1024a212bb3db30becd860315f9f3ac52 1	frotz
 100755 8a1218a1024a212bb3db30becd860315f9f3ac52 2	frotz
 ------------

 The first line of the input feeds 0 as the mode to remove the
 path; the SHA1 does not matter as long as it is well formatted.
 Then the second and third line feeds stage 1 and stage 2 entries
 for that path.  After the above, we would end up with this:

 ------------
 $ git ls-files -s
 100644 8a1218a1024a212bb3db30becd860315f9f3ac52 1	frotz
 100755 8a1218a1024a212bb3db30becd860315f9f3ac52 2	frotz
 ------------


 Using ``assume unchanged'' bit
 ------------------------------

 Many operations in git depend on your filesystem to have an
 efficient `lstat(2)` implementation, so that `st_mtime`
 information for working tree files can be cheaply checked to see
 if the file contents have changed from the version recorded in
 the index file.  Unfortunately, some filesystems have
 inefficient `lstat(2)`.  If your filesystem is one of them, you
 can set "assume unchanged" bit to paths you have not changed to
 cause git not to do this check.  Note that setting this bit on a
 path does not mean git will check the contents of the file to
 see if it has changed -- it makes git to omit any checking and
 assume it has *not* changed.  When you make changes to working
 tree files, you have to explicitly tell git about it by dropping
 "assume unchanged" bit, either before or after you modify them.

 In order to set "assume unchanged" bit, use `--assume-unchanged`
 option.  To unset, use `--no-assume-unchanged`. To see which files
 have the "assume unchanged" bit set, use `git ls-files -v`
 (see linkgit:git-ls-files[1]).

 The command looks at `core.ignorestat` configuration variable.  When
 this is true, paths updated with `git update-index paths...` and
 paths updated with other git commands that update both index and
 working tree (e.g. 'git apply --index', 'git checkout-index -u',
 and 'git read-tree -u') are automatically marked as "assume
 unchanged".  Note that "assume unchanged" bit is *not* set if
 `git update-index --refresh` finds the working tree file matches
 the index (use `git update-index --really-refresh` if you want
 to mark them as "assume unchanged").


 Examples
 --------
 To update and refresh only the files already checked out:

 ----------------
 $ git checkout-index -n -f -a && git update-index --ignore-missing --refresh
 ----------------

 On an inefficient filesystem with `core.ignorestat` set::
 +
 ------------
 $ git update-index --really-refresh              <1>
 $ git update-index --no-assume-unchanged foo.c   <2>
 $ git diff --name-only                           <3>
 $ edit foo.c
 $ git diff --name-only                           <4>
 M foo.c
 $ git update-index foo.c                         <5>
 $ git diff --name-only                           <6>
 $ edit foo.c
 $ git diff --name-only                           <7>
 $ git update-index --no-assume-unchanged foo.c   <8>
 $ git diff --name-only                           <9>
 M foo.c
 ------------
 +
 <1> forces lstat(2) to set "assume unchanged" bits for paths that match index.
 <2> mark the path to be edited.
 <3> this does lstat(2) and finds index matches the path.
 <4> this does lstat(2) and finds index does *not* match the path.
 <5> registering the new version to index sets "assume unchanged" bit.
 <6> and it is assumed unchanged.
 <7> even after you edit it.
 <8> you can tell about the change after the fact.
 <9> now it checks with lstat(2) and finds it has been changed.


 Skip-worktree bit
 -----------------

 Skip-worktree bit can be defined in one (long) sentence: When reading
 an entry, if it is marked as skip-worktree, then Git pretends its
 working directory version is up to date and read the index version
 instead.

 To elaborate, "reading" means checking for file existence, reading
 file attributes or file content. The working directory version may be
 present or absent. If present, its content may match against the index
 version or not. Writing is not affected by this bit, content safety
 is still first priority. Note that Git _can_ update working directory
 file, that is marked skip-worktree, if it is safe to do so (i.e.
 working directory version matches index version)

 Although this bit looks similar to assume-unchanged bit, its goal is
 different from assume-unchanged bit's. Skip-worktree also takes
 precedence over assume-unchanged bit when both are set.


 Configuration
 -------------

 The command honors `core.filemode` configuration variable.  If
 your repository is on a filesystem whose executable bits are
 unreliable, this should be set to 'false' (see linkgit:git-config[1]).
 This causes the command to ignore differences in file modes recorded
 in the index and the file mode on the filesystem if they differ only on
 executable bit.   On such an unfortunate filesystem, you may
 need to use 'git update-index --chmod='.

 Quite similarly, if `core.symlinks` configuration variable is set
 to 'false' (see linkgit:git-config[1]), symbolic links are checked out
 as plain files, and this command does not modify a recorded file mode
 from symbolic link to regular file.

 The command looks at `core.ignorestat` configuration variable.  See
 'Using "assume unchanged" bit' section above.

 The command also looks at `core.trustctime` configuration variable.
 It can be useful when the inode change time is regularly modified by
 something outside Git (file system crawlers and backup systems use
 ctime for marking files processed) (see linkgit:git-config[1]).


 SEE ALSO
 --------
 linkgit:git-config[1],
 linkgit:git-add[1],
 linkgit:git-ls-files[1]

 GIT
 ---
 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
	git-update-index(1)
	===================

	NAME
	----
	git-update-index - Register file contents in the working tree to the index


	SYNOPSIS
	--------
	[verse]
	'git update-index'
	[--add] [--remove \| --force-remove] [--replace]
	[--refresh] [-q] [--unmerged] [--ignore-missing]
	[(--cacheinfo <mode> <object> <file>)...]
	[--chmod=(+\|-)x]
	[--assume-unchanged \| --no-assume-unchanged]
	[--skip-worktree \| --no-skip-worktree]
	[--ignore-submodules]
	[--really-refresh] [--unresolve] [--again \| -g]
	[--info-only] [--index-info]
	[-z] [--stdin] [--index-version <n>]
	[--verbose]
	[--] [<file>...]

	DESCRIPTION
	-----------
	Modifies the index or directory cache. Each file mentioned is updated
	into the index and any 'unmerged' or 'needs updating' state is
	cleared.

	See also linkgit:git-add[1] for a more user-friendly way to do some of
	the most common operations on the index.

	The way 'git update-index' handles files it is told about can be modified
	using the various options:

	OPTIONS
	-------
	--add::
	If a specified file isn't in the index already then it's
	added.
	Default behaviour is to ignore new files.

	--remove::
	If a specified file is in the index but is missing then it's
	removed.
	Default behavior is to ignore removed file.

	--refresh::
	Looks at the current index and checks to see if merges or
	updates are needed by checking stat() information.

	-q::
	Quiet. If --refresh finds that the index needs an update, the
	default behavior is to error out. This option makes
	'git update-index' continue anyway.

	--ignore-submodules::
	Do not try to update submodules. This option is only respected
	when passed before --refresh.

	--unmerged::
	If --refresh finds unmerged changes in the index, the default
	behavior is to error out. This option makes 'git update-index'
	continue anyway.

	--ignore-missing::
	Ignores missing files during a --refresh

	--cacheinfo <mode> <object> <path>::
	Directly insert the specified info into the index.

	--index-info::
	Read index information from stdin.

	--chmod=(+\|-)x::
	Set the execute permissions on the updated files.

	--assume-unchanged::
	--no-assume-unchanged::
	When these flags are specified, the object names recorded
	for the paths are not updated. Instead, these options
	set and unset the "assume unchanged" bit for the
	paths. When the "assume unchanged" bit is on, git stops
	checking the working tree files for possible
	modifications, so you need to manually unset the bit to
	tell git when you change the working tree file. This is
	sometimes helpful when working with a big project on a
	filesystem that has very slow lstat(2) system call
	(e.g. cifs).
	+
	This option can be also used as a coarse file-level mechanism
	to ignore uncommitted changes in tracked files (akin to what
	`.gitignore` does for untracked files).
	Git will fail (gracefully) in case it needs to modify this file
	in the index e.g. when merging in a commit;
	thus, in case the assumed-untracked file is changed upstream,
	you will need to handle the situation manually.

	--really-refresh::
	Like '--refresh', but checks stat information unconditionally,
	without regard to the "assume unchanged" setting.

	--skip-worktree::
	--no-skip-worktree::
	When one of these flags is specified, the object name recorded
	for the paths are not updated. Instead, these options
	set and unset the "skip-worktree" bit for the paths. See
	section "Skip-worktree bit" below for more information.

	-g::
	--again::
	Runs 'git update-index' itself on the paths whose index
	entries are different from those from the `HEAD` commit.

	--unresolve::
	Restores the 'unmerged' or 'needs updating' state of a
	file during a merge if it was cleared by accident.

	--info-only::
	Do not create objects in the object database for all
	<file> arguments that follow this flag; just insert
	their object IDs into the index.

	--force-remove::
	Remove the file from the index even when the working directory
	still has such a file. (Implies --remove.)

	--replace::
	By default, when a file `path` exists in the index,
	'git update-index' refuses an attempt to add `path/file`.
	Similarly if a file `path/file` exists, a file `path`
	cannot be added. With --replace flag, existing entries
	that conflict with the entry being added are
	automatically removed with warning messages.

	--stdin::
	Instead of taking list of paths from the command line,
	read list of paths from the standard input. Paths are
	separated by LF (i.e. one path per line) by default.

	--verbose::
	Report what is being added and removed from index.

	--index-version <n>::
	Write the resulting index out in the named on-disk format version.
	The current default version is 2.

	-z::
	Only meaningful with `--stdin` or `--index-info`; paths are
	separated with NUL character instead of LF.

	\--::
	Do not interpret any more arguments as options.

	<file>::
	Files to act on.
	Note that files beginning with '.' are discarded. This includes
	`./file` and `dir/./file`. If you don't want this, then use
	cleaner names.
	The same applies to directories ending '/' and paths with '//'

	Using --refresh
	---------------
	'--refresh' does not calculate a new sha1 file or bring the index
	up-to-date for mode/content changes. But what it does do is to
	"re-match" the stat information of a file with the index, so that you
	can refresh the index for a file that hasn't been changed but where
	the stat entry is out of date.

	For example, you'd want to do this after doing a 'git read-tree', to link
	up the stat index details with the proper files.

	Using --cacheinfo or --info-only
	--------------------------------
	'--cacheinfo' is used to register a file that is not in the
	current working directory. This is useful for minimum-checkout
	merging.

	To pretend you have a file with mode and sha1 at path, say:

	----------------
	$ git update-index --cacheinfo mode sha1 path
	----------------

	'--info-only' is used to register files without placing them in the object
	database. This is useful for status-only repositories.

	Both '--cacheinfo' and '--info-only' behave similarly: the index is updated
	but the object database isn't. '--cacheinfo' is useful when the object is
	in the database but the file isn't available locally. '--info-only' is
	useful when the file is available, but you do not wish to update the
	object database.


	Using --index-info
	------------------

	`--index-info` is a more powerful mechanism that lets you feed
	multiple entry definitions from the standard input, and designed
	specifically for scripts. It can take inputs of three formats:

	. mode SP sha1 TAB path
	+
	The first format is what "git-apply --index-info"
	reports, and used to reconstruct a partial tree
	that is used for phony merge base tree when falling
	back on 3-way merge.

	. mode SP type SP sha1 TAB path
	+
	The second format is to stuff 'git ls-tree' output
	into the index file.

	. mode SP sha1 SP stage TAB path
	+
	This format is to put higher order stages into the
	index file and matches 'git ls-files --stage' output.

	To place a higher stage entry to the index, the path should
	first be removed by feeding a mode=0 entry for the path, and
	then feeding necessary input lines in the third format.

	For example, starting with this index:

	------------
	$ git ls-files -s
	100644 8a1218a1024a212bb3db30becd860315f9f3ac52 0 frotz
	------------

	you can feed the following input to `--index-info`:

	------------
	$ git update-index --index-info
	0 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 frotz
	100644 8a1218a1024a212bb3db30becd860315f9f3ac52 1 frotz
	100755 8a1218a1024a212bb3db30becd860315f9f3ac52 2 frotz
	------------

	The first line of the input feeds 0 as the mode to remove the
	path; the SHA1 does not matter as long as it is well formatted.
	Then the second and third line feeds stage 1 and stage 2 entries
	for that path. After the above, we would end up with this:

	------------
	$ git ls-files -s
	100644 8a1218a1024a212bb3db30becd860315f9f3ac52 1 frotz
	100755 8a1218a1024a212bb3db30becd860315f9f3ac52 2 frotz
	------------


	Using ``assume unchanged'' bit
	------------------------------

	Many operations in git depend on your filesystem to have an
	efficient `lstat(2)` implementation, so that `st_mtime`
	information for working tree files can be cheaply checked to see
	if the file contents have changed from the version recorded in
	the index file. Unfortunately, some filesystems have
	inefficient `lstat(2)`. If your filesystem is one of them, you
	can set "assume unchanged" bit to paths you have not changed to
	cause git not to do this check. Note that setting this bit on a
	path does not mean git will check the contents of the file to
	see if it has changed -- it makes git to omit any checking and
	assume it has not changed. When you make changes to working
	tree files, you have to explicitly tell git about it by dropping
	"assume unchanged" bit, either before or after you modify them.

	In order to set "assume unchanged" bit, use `--assume-unchanged`
	option. To unset, use `--no-assume-unchanged`. To see which files
	have the "assume unchanged" bit set, use `git ls-files -v`
	(see linkgit:git-ls-files[1]).

	The command looks at `core.ignorestat` configuration variable. When
	this is true, paths updated with `git update-index paths...` and
	paths updated with other git commands that update both index and
	working tree (e.g. 'git apply --index', 'git checkout-index -u',
	and 'git read-tree -u') are automatically marked as "assume
	unchanged". Note that "assume unchanged" bit is not set if
	`git update-index --refresh` finds the working tree file matches
	the index (use `git update-index --really-refresh` if you want
	to mark them as "assume unchanged").


	Examples
	--------
	To update and refresh only the files already checked out:

	----------------
	$ git checkout-index -n -f -a && git update-index --ignore-missing --refresh
	----------------

	On an inefficient filesystem with `core.ignorestat` set::
	+
	------------
	$ git update-index --really-refresh <1>
	$ git update-index --no-assume-unchanged foo.c <2>
	$ git diff --name-only <3>
	$ edit foo.c
	$ git diff --name-only <4>
	M foo.c
	$ git update-index foo.c <5>
	$ git diff --name-only <6>
	$ edit foo.c
	$ git diff --name-only <7>
	$ git update-index --no-assume-unchanged foo.c <8>
	$ git diff --name-only <9>
	M foo.c
	------------
	+
	<1> forces lstat(2) to set "assume unchanged" bits for paths that match index.
	<2> mark the path to be edited.
	<3> this does lstat(2) and finds index matches the path.
	<4> this does lstat(2) and finds index does not match the path.
	<5> registering the new version to index sets "assume unchanged" bit.
	<6> and it is assumed unchanged.
	<7> even after you edit it.
	<8> you can tell about the change after the fact.
	<9> now it checks with lstat(2) and finds it has been changed.


	Skip-worktree bit
	-----------------

	Skip-worktree bit can be defined in one (long) sentence: When reading
	an entry, if it is marked as skip-worktree, then Git pretends its
	working directory version is up to date and read the index version
	instead.

	To elaborate, "reading" means checking for file existence, reading
	file attributes or file content. The working directory version may be
	present or absent. If present, its content may match against the index
	version or not. Writing is not affected by this bit, content safety
	is still first priority. Note that Git _can_ update working directory
	file, that is marked skip-worktree, if it is safe to do so (i.e.
	working directory version matches index version)

	Although this bit looks similar to assume-unchanged bit, its goal is
	different from assume-unchanged bit's. Skip-worktree also takes
	precedence over assume-unchanged bit when both are set.


	Configuration
	-------------

	The command honors `core.filemode` configuration variable. If
	your repository is on a filesystem whose executable bits are
	unreliable, this should be set to 'false' (see linkgit:git-config[1]).
	This causes the command to ignore differences in file modes recorded
	in the index and the file mode on the filesystem if they differ only on
	executable bit. On such an unfortunate filesystem, you may
	need to use 'git update-index --chmod='.

	Quite similarly, if `core.symlinks` configuration variable is set
	to 'false' (see linkgit:git-config[1]), symbolic links are checked out
	as plain files, and this command does not modify a recorded file mode
	from symbolic link to regular file.

	The command looks at `core.ignorestat` configuration variable. See
	'Using "assume unchanged" bit' section above.

	The command also looks at `core.trustctime` configuration variable.
	It can be useful when the inode change time is regularly modified by
	something outside Git (file system crawlers and backup systems use
	ctime for marking files processed) (see linkgit:git-config[1]).


	SEE ALSO
	--------
	linkgit:git-config[1],
	linkgit:git-add[1],
	linkgit:git-ls-files[1]

	GIT
	---
	Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite