diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 0e13a5b..f0b2299 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -259,6 +259,10 @@
 # Define OLD_ICONV if your library has an old iconv(), where the second
 # (input buffer pointer) parameter is declared with type (const char **).
 #
+# Define ICONV_OMITS_BOM if your iconv implementation does not write a
+# byte-order mark (BOM) when writing UTF-16 or UTF-32 and always writes in
+# big-endian format.
+#
 # Define NO_DEFLATE_BOUND if your zlib does not have deflateBound.
 #
 # Define NO_R_TO_GCC_LINKER if your gcc does not like "-R/path/lib"
@@ -433,6 +437,8 @@
 #
 # Define HAVE_GETDELIM if your system has the getdelim() function.
 #
+# Define FILENO_IS_A_MACRO if fileno() is a macro, not a real function.
+#
 # Define PAGER_ENV to a SP separated VAR=VAL pairs to define
 # default environment variables to be passed when a pager is spawned, e.g.
 #
@@ -1415,6 +1421,9 @@
 		EXTLIBS += $(ICONV_LINK) -liconv
 	endif
 endif
+ifdef ICONV_OMITS_BOM
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DICONV_OMITS_BOM
+endif
 ifdef NEEDS_LIBGEN
 	EXTLIBS += -lgen
 endif
@@ -1800,6 +1809,11 @@
 	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DHAVE_WPGMPTR
 endif
 
+ifdef FILENO_IS_A_MACRO
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DFILENO_IS_A_MACRO
+	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/fileno.o
+endif
+
 ifeq ($(TCLTK_PATH),)
 NO_TCLTK = NoThanks
 endif
diff --git a/compat/fileno.c b/compat/fileno.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b105f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/fileno.c
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#define COMPAT_CODE
+#include "../git-compat-util.h"
+
+int git_fileno(FILE *stream)
+{
+	return fileno(stream);
+}
diff --git a/compat/mingw.h b/compat/mingw.h
index 9840774..30d9fb3 100644
--- a/compat/mingw.h
+++ b/compat/mingw.h
@@ -6,25 +6,6 @@
 #include <winsock2.h>
 #include <ws2tcpip.h>
 
-#ifdef __MINGW64_VERSION_MAJOR
-/*
- * In Git for Windows, we cannot rely on `uname -m` to report the correct
- * architecture: /usr/bin/uname.exe will report the architecture with which the
- * current MSYS2 runtime was built, not the architecture for which we are
- * currently compiling (both 32-bit and 64-bit `git.exe` is built in the 64-bit
- * Git for Windows SDK).
- */
-#undef GIT_HOST_CPU
-/* This was figured out by looking at `cpp -dM </dev/null`'s output */
-#if defined(__x86_64__)
-#define GIT_HOST_CPU "x86_64"
-#elif defined(__i686__)
-#define GIT_HOST_CPU "i686"
-#else
-#error "Unknown architecture"
-#endif
-#endif
-
 /* MinGW-w64 reports to have flockfile, but it does not actually have it. */
 #ifdef __MINGW64_VERSION_MAJOR
 #undef _POSIX_THREAD_SAFE_FUNCTIONS
diff --git a/config.mak.uname b/config.mak.uname
index 75ff43f..b37fa84 100644
--- a/config.mak.uname
+++ b/config.mak.uname
@@ -221,6 +221,7 @@
 	HAVE_BSD_KERN_PROC_SYSCTL = YesPlease
 	PAGER_ENV = LESS=FRX LV=-c MORE=FRX
 	FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES = UnfortunatelyYes
+	FILENO_IS_A_MACRO = UnfortunatelyYes
 endif
 ifeq ($(uname_S),OpenBSD)
 	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
@@ -234,6 +235,7 @@
 	HAVE_BSD_KERN_PROC_SYSCTL = YesPlease
 	PROCFS_EXECUTABLE_PATH = /proc/curproc/file
 	FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES = UnfortunatelyYes
+	FILENO_IS_A_MACRO = UnfortunatelyYes
 endif
 ifeq ($(uname_S),MirBSD)
 	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
@@ -570,9 +572,11 @@
 		prefix = /usr/
 		ifeq (MINGW32,$(MSYSTEM))
 			prefix = /mingw32
+			HOST_CPU = i686
 		endif
 		ifeq (MINGW64,$(MSYSTEM))
 			prefix = /mingw64
+			HOST_CPU = x86_64
 		else
 			COMPAT_CFLAGS += -D_USE_32BIT_TIME_T
 			BASIC_LDFLAGS += -Wl,--large-address-aware
diff --git a/git-compat-util.h b/git-compat-util.h
index 29a1990..6573808 100644
--- a/git-compat-util.h
+++ b/git-compat-util.h
@@ -1234,6 +1234,14 @@
 #define getc_unlocked(fh) getc(fh)
 #endif
 
+#ifdef FILENO_IS_A_MACRO
+int git_fileno(FILE *stream);
+# ifndef COMPAT_CODE
+#  undef fileno
+#  define fileno(p) git_fileno(p)
+# endif
+#endif
+
 /*
  * Our code often opens a path to an optional file, to work on its
  * contents when we can successfully open it.  We can ignore a failure
diff --git a/sequencer.c b/sequencer.c
index 972402e..0db410d 100644
--- a/sequencer.c
+++ b/sequencer.c
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
 
 #define GIT_REFLOG_ACTION "GIT_REFLOG_ACTION"
 
-const char sign_off_header[] = "Signed-off-by: ";
+static const char sign_off_header[] = "Signed-off-by: ";
 static const char cherry_picked_prefix[] = "(cherry picked from commit ";
 
 GIT_PATH_FUNC(git_path_commit_editmsg, "COMMIT_EDITMSG")
diff --git a/sequencer.h b/sequencer.h
index 93e8913..4d505b3 100644
--- a/sequencer.h
+++ b/sequencer.h
@@ -107,8 +107,6 @@
 		    unsigned autosquash);
 int rearrange_squash(struct repository *r);
 
-extern const char sign_off_header[];
-
 /*
  * Append a signoff to the commit message in "msgbuf". The ignore_footer
  * parameter specifies the number of bytes at the end of msgbuf that should
diff --git a/sha1-name.c b/sha1-name.c
index d1cc77c..6dda2c1 100644
--- a/sha1-name.c
+++ b/sha1-name.c
@@ -1820,9 +1820,11 @@
 			       prefix, &oid, &oc);
 }
 
-int get_oid_with_context(struct repository *repo, const char *str,
-			 unsigned flags, struct object_id *oid,
-			 struct object_context *oc)
+enum get_oid_result get_oid_with_context(struct repository *repo,
+					 const char *str,
+					 unsigned flags,
+					 struct object_id *oid,
+					 struct object_context *oc)
 {
 	if (flags & GET_OID_FOLLOW_SYMLINKS && flags & GET_OID_ONLY_TO_DIE)
 		BUG("incompatible flags for get_sha1_with_context");
diff --git a/t/README b/t/README
index 1326fd7..886bbec 100644
--- a/t/README
+++ b/t/README
@@ -211,6 +211,11 @@
 	'.stress-<nr>' suffix, and the trash directory of the failed
 	test job is renamed to end with a '.stress-failed' suffix.
 
+--stress-limit=<N>::
+	When combined with --stress run the test script repeatedly
+	this many times in each of the parallel jobs or until one of
+	them fails, whichever comes first.
+
 You can also set the GIT_TEST_INSTALLED environment variable to
 the bindir of an existing git installation to test that installation.
 You still need to have built this git sandbox, from which various
diff --git a/t/t0028-working-tree-encoding.sh b/t/t0028-working-tree-encoding.sh
index e58ecbf..1090e65 100755
--- a/t/t0028-working-tree-encoding.sh
+++ b/t/t0028-working-tree-encoding.sh
@@ -6,6 +6,30 @@
 
 GIT_TRACE_WORKING_TREE_ENCODING=1 && export GIT_TRACE_WORKING_TREE_ENCODING
 
+test_lazy_prereq NO_UTF16_BOM '
+	test $(printf abc | iconv -f UTF-8 -t UTF-16 | wc -c) = 6
+'
+
+test_lazy_prereq NO_UTF32_BOM '
+	test $(printf abc | iconv -f UTF-8 -t UTF-32 | wc -c) = 12
+'
+
+write_utf16 () {
+	if test_have_prereq NO_UTF16_BOM
+	then
+		printf '\xfe\xff'
+	fi &&
+	iconv -f UTF-8 -t UTF-16
+}
+
+write_utf32 () {
+	if test_have_prereq NO_UTF32_BOM
+	then
+		printf '\x00\x00\xfe\xff'
+	fi &&
+	iconv -f UTF-8 -t UTF-32
+}
+
 test_expect_success 'setup test files' '
 	git config core.eol lf &&
 
@@ -13,8 +37,8 @@
 	echo "*.utf16 text working-tree-encoding=utf-16" >.gitattributes &&
 	echo "*.utf16lebom text working-tree-encoding=UTF-16LE-BOM" >>.gitattributes &&
 	printf "$text" >test.utf8.raw &&
-	printf "$text" | iconv -f UTF-8 -t UTF-16 >test.utf16.raw &&
-	printf "$text" | iconv -f UTF-8 -t UTF-32 >test.utf32.raw &&
+	printf "$text" | write_utf16 >test.utf16.raw &&
+	printf "$text" | write_utf32 >test.utf32.raw &&
 	printf "\377\376"                         >test.utf16lebom.raw &&
 	printf "$text" | iconv -f UTF-8 -t UTF-32LE >>test.utf16lebom.raw &&
 
@@ -25,12 +49,12 @@
 	# BOM tests
 	printf "\0a\0b\0c"                         >nobom.utf16be.raw &&
 	printf "a\0b\0c\0"                         >nobom.utf16le.raw &&
-	printf "\376\777\0a\0b\0c"                 >bebom.utf16be.raw &&
-	printf "\777\376a\0b\0c\0"                 >lebom.utf16le.raw &&
+	printf "\376\377\0a\0b\0c"                 >bebom.utf16be.raw &&
+	printf "\377\376a\0b\0c\0"                 >lebom.utf16le.raw &&
 	printf "\0\0\0a\0\0\0b\0\0\0c"             >nobom.utf32be.raw &&
 	printf "a\0\0\0b\0\0\0c\0\0\0"             >nobom.utf32le.raw &&
-	printf "\0\0\376\777\0\0\0a\0\0\0b\0\0\0c" >bebom.utf32be.raw &&
-	printf "\777\376\0\0a\0\0\0b\0\0\0c\0\0\0" >lebom.utf32le.raw &&
+	printf "\0\0\376\377\0\0\0a\0\0\0b\0\0\0c" >bebom.utf32be.raw &&
+	printf "\377\376\0\0a\0\0\0b\0\0\0c\0\0\0" >lebom.utf32le.raw &&
 
 	# Add only UTF-16 file, we will add the UTF-32 file later
 	cp test.utf16.raw test.utf16 &&
@@ -124,8 +148,8 @@
 		test_when_finished "rm -f crlf.utf${i}.raw lf.utf${i}.raw" &&
 		test_when_finished "git reset --hard HEAD^" &&
 
-		cat lf.utf8.raw | iconv -f UTF-8 -t UTF-${i} >lf.utf${i}.raw &&
-		cat crlf.utf8.raw | iconv -f UTF-8 -t UTF-${i} >crlf.utf${i}.raw &&
+		cat lf.utf8.raw | write_utf${i} >lf.utf${i}.raw &&
+		cat crlf.utf8.raw | write_utf${i} >crlf.utf${i}.raw &&
 		cp crlf.utf${i}.raw eol.utf${i} &&
 
 		cat >expectIndexLF <<-EOF &&
@@ -223,7 +247,7 @@
 
 	text="hallo there!\nroundtrip test here!" &&
 	printf "$text" | iconv -f UTF-8 -t SHIFT-JIS >roundtrip.shift &&
-	printf "$text" | iconv -f UTF-8 -t UTF-16 >roundtrip.utf16 &&
+	printf "$text" | write_utf16 >roundtrip.utf16 &&
 	echo "*.shift text working-tree-encoding=SHIFT-JIS" >>.gitattributes &&
 
 	# SHIFT-JIS encoded files are round-trip checked by default...
diff --git a/t/test-lib-functions.sh b/t/test-lib-functions.sh
index 92cf8f8..969e2ba 100644
--- a/t/test-lib-functions.sh
+++ b/t/test-lib-functions.sh
@@ -1289,7 +1289,7 @@
 			port=$(($port + 10000))
 		fi
 		;;
-	*[^0-9]*|0*)
+	*[!0-9]*|0*)
 		error >&7 "invalid port number: $port"
 		;;
 	*)
diff --git a/t/test-lib.sh b/t/test-lib.sh
index 42b1a0a..8665b0a 100644
--- a/t/test-lib.sh
+++ b/t/test-lib.sh
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@
 	--stress=*)
 		stress=${opt#--*=}
 		case "$stress" in
-		*[^0-9]*|0*|"")
+		*[!0-9]*|0*|"")
 			echo "error: --stress=<N> requires the number of jobs to run" >&2
 			exit 1
 			;;
@@ -157,6 +157,17 @@
 			;;
 		esac
 		;;
+	--stress-limit=*)
+		stress_limit=${opt#--*=}
+		case "$stress_limit" in
+		*[!0-9]*|0*|"")
+			echo "error: --stress-limit=<N> requires the number of repetitions" >&2
+			exit 1
+			;;
+		*)	# Good.
+			;;
+		esac
+		;;
 	*)
 		echo "error: unknown test option '$opt'" >&2; exit 1 ;;
 	esac
@@ -242,8 +253,10 @@
 				exit 1
 			' TERM INT
 
-			cnt=0
-			while ! test -e "$stressfail"
+			cnt=1
+			while ! test -e "$stressfail" &&
+			      { test -z "$stress_limit" ||
+				test $cnt -le $stress_limit ; }
 			do
 				$TEST_SHELL_PATH "$0" "$@" >"$TEST_RESULTS_BASE.stress-$job_nr.out" 2>&1 &
 				test_pid=$!
@@ -266,6 +279,7 @@
 
 	if test -f "$stressfail"
 	then
+		stress_exit=1
 		echo "Log(s) of failed test run(s):"
 		for failed_job_nr in $(sort -n "$stressfail")
 		do
diff --git a/utf8.c b/utf8.c
index 83824dc..3b42fad 100644
--- a/utf8.c
+++ b/utf8.c
@@ -559,6 +559,10 @@
 	/*
 	 * For writing, UTF-16 iconv typically creates "UTF-16BE-BOM"
 	 * Some users under Windows want the little endian version
+	 *
+	 * We handle UTF-16 and UTF-32 ourselves only if the platform does not
+	 * provide a BOM (which we require), since we want to match the behavior
+	 * of the system tools and libc as much as possible.
 	 */
 	if (same_utf_encoding("UTF-16LE-BOM", out_encoding)) {
 		bom_str = utf16_le_bom;
@@ -568,6 +572,16 @@
 		bom_str = utf16_be_bom;
 		bom_len = sizeof(utf16_be_bom);
 		out_encoding = "UTF-16BE";
+#ifdef ICONV_OMITS_BOM
+	} else if (same_utf_encoding("UTF-16", out_encoding)) {
+		bom_str = utf16_be_bom;
+		bom_len = sizeof(utf16_be_bom);
+		out_encoding = "UTF-16BE";
+	} else if (same_utf_encoding("UTF-32", out_encoding)) {
+		bom_str = utf32_be_bom;
+		bom_len = sizeof(utf32_be_bom);
+		out_encoding = "UTF-32BE";
+#endif
 	}
 
 	conv = iconv_open(out_encoding, in_encoding);