credential: treat URL without scheme as invalid

libcurl permits making requests without a URL scheme specified.  In
this case, it guesses the URL from the hostname, so I can run

	git ls-remote http::ftp.example.com/path/to/repo

and it would make an FTP request.

Any user intentionally using such a URL is likely to have made a typo.
Unfortunately, credential_from_url is not able to determine the host and
protocol in order to determine appropriate credentials to send, and
until "credential: refuse to operate when missing host or protocol",
this resulted in another host's credentials being leaked to the named
host.

Teach credential_from_url_gently to consider such a URL to be invalid
so that fsck can detect and block gitmodules files with such URLs,
allowing server operators to avoid serving them to downstream users
running older versions of Git.

This also means that when such URLs are passed on the command line, Git
will print a clearer error so affected users can switch to the simpler
URL that explicitly specifies the host and protocol they intend.

One subtlety: .gitmodules files can contain relative URLs, representing
a URL relative to the URL they were cloned from.  The relative URL
resolver used for .gitmodules can follow ".." components out of the path
part and past the host part of a URL, meaning that such a relative URL
can be used to traverse from a https://foo.example.com/innocent
superproject to a https::attacker.example.com/exploit submodule.
Fortunately a leading ':' in the first path component after a series of
leading './' and '../' components is unlikely to show up in other
contexts, so we can catch this by detecting that pattern.

Reported-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
4 files changed
tree: a971e4a0899abe18ccac120fb345502aaf628722
  1. .github/
  2. block-sha1/
  3. builtin/
  4. ci/
  5. compat/
  6. contrib/
  7. Documentation/
  8. ewah/
  9. git-gui/
  10. gitk-git/
  11. gitweb/
  12. mergetools/
  13. perl/
  14. po/
  15. ppc/
  16. refs/
  17. sha1dc/
  18. t/
  19. templates/
  20. vcs-svn/
  21. xdiff/
  22. .clang-format
  23. .gitattributes
  24. .gitignore
  25. .gitmodules
  26. .mailmap
  27. .travis.yml
  28. .tsan-suppressions
  29. abspath.c
  30. aclocal.m4
  31. advice.c
  32. advice.h
  33. alias.c
  34. alloc.c
  35. apply.c
  36. apply.h
  37. archive-tar.c
  38. archive-zip.c
  39. archive.c
  40. archive.h
  41. argv-array.c
  42. argv-array.h
  43. attr.c
  44. attr.h
  45. base85.c
  46. bisect.c
  47. bisect.h
  48. blame.c
  49. blame.h
  50. blob.c
  51. blob.h
  52. branch.c
  53. branch.h
  54. builtin.h
  55. bulk-checkin.c
  56. bulk-checkin.h
  57. bundle.c
  58. bundle.h
  59. cache-tree.c
  60. cache-tree.h
  61. cache.h
  62. check-builtins.sh
  63. check-racy.c
  64. check_bindir
  65. checkout.c
  66. checkout.h
  67. color.c
  68. color.h
  69. column.c
  70. column.h
  71. combine-diff.c
  72. command-list.txt
  73. commit-slab.h
  74. commit.c
  75. commit.h
  76. common-main.c
  77. config.c
  78. config.h
  79. config.mak.in
  80. config.mak.uname
  81. configure.ac
  82. connect.c
  83. connect.h
  84. connected.c
  85. connected.h
  86. convert.c
  87. convert.h
  88. copy.c
  89. COPYING
  90. credential-cache--daemon.c
  91. credential-cache.c
  92. credential-store.c
  93. credential.c
  94. credential.h
  95. csum-file.c
  96. csum-file.h
  97. ctype.c
  98. daemon.c
  99. date.c
  100. decorate.c
  101. decorate.h
  102. delta.h
  103. diff-delta.c
  104. diff-lib.c
  105. diff-no-index.c
  106. diff.c
  107. diff.h
  108. diffcore-break.c
  109. diffcore-delta.c
  110. diffcore-order.c
  111. diffcore-pickaxe.c
  112. diffcore-rename.c
  113. diffcore.h
  114. dir-iterator.c
  115. dir-iterator.h
  116. dir.c
  117. dir.h
  118. editor.c
  119. entry.c
  120. environment.c
  121. exec_cmd.c
  122. exec_cmd.h
  123. fast-import.c
  124. fetch-object.c
  125. fetch-object.h
  126. fetch-pack.c
  127. fetch-pack.h
  128. fmt-merge-msg.h
  129. fsck.c
  130. fsck.h
  131. fsmonitor.c
  132. fsmonitor.h
  133. generate-cmdlist.sh
  134. gettext.c
  135. gettext.h
  136. git-add--interactive.perl
  137. git-archimport.perl
  138. git-bisect.sh
  139. git-compat-util.h
  140. git-cvsexportcommit.perl
  141. git-cvsimport.perl
  142. git-cvsserver.perl
  143. git-difftool--helper.sh
  144. git-filter-branch.sh
  145. git-instaweb.sh
  146. git-merge-octopus.sh
  147. git-merge-one-file.sh
  148. git-merge-resolve.sh
  149. git-mergetool--lib.sh
  150. git-mergetool.sh
  151. git-p4.py
  152. git-parse-remote.sh
  153. git-quiltimport.sh
  154. git-rebase--am.sh
  155. git-rebase--interactive.sh
  156. git-rebase--merge.sh
  157. git-rebase.sh
  158. git-remote-testgit.sh
  159. git-request-pull.sh
  160. git-send-email.perl
  161. git-sh-i18n.sh
  162. git-sh-setup.sh
  163. git-stash.sh
  164. git-submodule.sh
  165. git-svn.perl
  166. GIT-VERSION-GEN
  167. git-web--browse.sh
  168. git.c
  169. git.rc
  170. gpg-interface.c
  171. gpg-interface.h
  172. graph.c
  173. graph.h
  174. grep.c
  175. grep.h
  176. hash.h
  177. hashmap.c
  178. hashmap.h
  179. help.c
  180. help.h
  181. hex.c
  182. http-backend.c
  183. http-fetch.c
  184. http-push.c
  185. http-walker.c
  186. http.c
  187. http.h
  188. ident.c
  189. imap-send.c
  190. INSTALL
  191. iterator.h
  192. khash.h
  193. kwset.c
  194. kwset.h
  195. levenshtein.c
  196. levenshtein.h
  197. LGPL-2.1
  198. line-log.c
  199. line-log.h
  200. line-range.c
  201. line-range.h
  202. list-objects-filter-options.c
  203. list-objects-filter-options.h
  204. list-objects-filter.c
  205. list-objects-filter.h
  206. list-objects.c
  207. list-objects.h
  208. list.h
  209. ll-merge.c
  210. ll-merge.h
  211. lockfile.c
  212. lockfile.h
  213. log-tree.c
  214. log-tree.h
  215. mailinfo.c
  216. mailinfo.h
  217. mailmap.c
  218. mailmap.h
  219. Makefile
  220. match-trees.c
  221. merge-blobs.c
  222. merge-blobs.h
  223. merge-recursive.c
  224. merge-recursive.h
  225. merge.c
  226. mergesort.c
  227. mergesort.h
  228. name-hash.c
  229. notes-cache.c
  230. notes-cache.h
  231. notes-merge.c
  232. notes-merge.h
  233. notes-utils.c
  234. notes-utils.h
  235. notes.c
  236. notes.h
  237. object.c
  238. object.h
  239. oidmap.c
  240. oidmap.h
  241. oidset.c
  242. oidset.h
  243. pack-bitmap-write.c
  244. pack-bitmap.c
  245. pack-bitmap.h
  246. pack-check.c
  247. pack-objects.c
  248. pack-objects.h
  249. pack-revindex.c
  250. pack-revindex.h
  251. pack-write.c
  252. pack.h
  253. packfile.c
  254. packfile.h
  255. pager.c
  256. parse-options-cb.c
  257. parse-options.c
  258. parse-options.h
  259. patch-delta.c
  260. patch-ids.c
  261. patch-ids.h
  262. path.c
  263. path.h
  264. pathspec.c
  265. pathspec.h
  266. pkt-line.c
  267. pkt-line.h
  268. preload-index.c
  269. pretty.c
  270. pretty.h
  271. prio-queue.c
  272. prio-queue.h
  273. progress.c
  274. progress.h
  275. prompt.c
  276. prompt.h
  277. protocol.c
  278. protocol.h
  279. quote.c
  280. quote.h
  281. reachable.c
  282. reachable.h
  283. read-cache.c
  284. README.md
  285. ref-filter.c
  286. ref-filter.h
  287. reflog-walk.c
  288. reflog-walk.h
  289. refs.c
  290. refs.h
  291. remote-curl.c
  292. remote-testsvn.c
  293. remote.c
  294. remote.h
  295. replace_object.c
  296. repository.c
  297. repository.h
  298. rerere.c
  299. rerere.h
  300. resolve-undo.c
  301. resolve-undo.h
  302. revision.c
  303. revision.h
  304. run-command.c
  305. run-command.h
  306. send-pack.c
  307. send-pack.h
  308. sequencer.c
  309. sequencer.h
  310. server-info.c
  311. setup.c
  312. sh-i18n--envsubst.c
  313. sha1-array.c
  314. sha1-array.h
  315. sha1-lookup.c
  316. sha1-lookup.h
  317. sha1_file.c
  318. sha1_name.c
  319. sha1dc_git.c
  320. sha1dc_git.h
  321. shallow.c
  322. shell.c
  323. shortlog.h
  324. show-index.c
  325. sideband.c
  326. sideband.h
  327. sigchain.c
  328. sigchain.h
  329. split-index.c
  330. split-index.h
  331. strbuf.c
  332. strbuf.h
  333. streaming.c
  334. streaming.h
  335. string-list.c
  336. string-list.h
  337. sub-process.c
  338. sub-process.h
  339. submodule-config.c
  340. submodule-config.h
  341. submodule.c
  342. submodule.h
  343. symlinks.c
  344. tag.c
  345. tag.h
  346. tar.h
  347. tempfile.c
  348. tempfile.h
  349. thread-utils.c
  350. thread-utils.h
  351. tmp-objdir.c
  352. tmp-objdir.h
  353. trace.c
  354. trace.h
  355. trailer.c
  356. trailer.h
  357. transport-helper.c
  358. transport-internal.h
  359. transport.c
  360. transport.h
  361. tree-diff.c
  362. tree-walk.c
  363. tree-walk.h
  364. tree.c
  365. tree.h
  366. unicode_width.h
  367. unimplemented.sh
  368. unix-socket.c
  369. unix-socket.h
  370. unpack-trees.c
  371. unpack-trees.h
  372. upload-pack.c
  373. url.c
  374. url.h
  375. urlmatch.c
  376. urlmatch.h
  377. usage.c
  378. userdiff.c
  379. userdiff.h
  380. utf8.c
  381. utf8.h
  382. varint.c
  383. varint.h
  384. version.c
  385. version.h
  386. versioncmp.c
  387. walker.c
  388. walker.h
  389. wildmatch.c
  390. wildmatch.h
  391. worktree.c
  392. worktree.h
  393. wrap-for-bin.sh
  394. wrapper.c
  395. write_or_die.c
  396. ws.c
  397. wt-status.c
  398. wt-status.h
  399. xdiff-interface.c
  400. xdiff-interface.h
  401. zlib.c
README.md

Git - fast, scalable, distributed revision control system

Git is a fast, scalable, distributed revision control system with an unusually rich command set that provides both high-level operations and full access to internals.

Git is an Open Source project covered by the GNU General Public License version 2 (some parts of it are under different licenses, compatible with the GPLv2). It was originally written by Linus Torvalds with help of a group of hackers around the net.

Please read the file INSTALL for installation instructions.

Many Git online resources are accessible from https://git-scm.com/ including full documentation and Git related tools.

See Documentation/gittutorial.txt to get started, then see Documentation/giteveryday.txt for a useful minimum set of commands, and Documentation/git-.txt for documentation of each command. If git has been correctly installed, then the tutorial can also be read with man gittutorial or git help tutorial, and the documentation of each command with man git-<commandname> or git help <commandname>.

CVS users may also want to read Documentation/gitcvs-migration.txt (man gitcvs-migration or git help cvs-migration if git is installed).

The user discussion and development of Git take place on the Git mailing list -- everyone is welcome to post bug reports, feature requests, comments and patches to git@vger.kernel.org (read Documentation/SubmittingPatches for instructions on patch submission). To subscribe to the list, send an email with just “subscribe git” in the body to majordomo@vger.kernel.org. The mailing list archives are available at https://public-inbox.org/git/, http://marc.info/?l=git and other archival sites.

The maintainer frequently sends the “What's cooking” reports that list the current status of various development topics to the mailing list. The discussion following them give a good reference for project status, development direction and remaining tasks.

The name “git” was given by Linus Torvalds when he wrote the very first version. He described the tool as “the stupid content tracker” and the name as (depending on your mood):

  • random three-letter combination that is pronounceable, and not actually used by any common UNIX command. The fact that it is a mispronunciation of “get” may or may not be relevant.
  • stupid. contemptible and despicable. simple. Take your pick from the dictionary of slang.
  • “global information tracker”: you're in a good mood, and it actually works for you. Angels sing, and a light suddenly fills the room.
  • “goddamn idiotic truckload of sh*t”: when it breaks