diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 20560b8..3dd6ef7 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -112,6 +112,8 @@
 /git-remote-https
 /git-remote-ftp
 /git-remote-ftps
+/git-remote-fd
+/git-remote-ext
 /git-remote-testgit
 /git-repack
 /git-replace
@@ -175,6 +177,7 @@
 /test-sha1
 /test-sigchain
 /test-string-pool
+/test-subprocess
 /test-svn-fe
 /test-treap
 /common-cmds.h
diff --git a/.mailmap b/.mailmap
index a8091eb..19c8726 100644
--- a/.mailmap
+++ b/.mailmap
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
 Lars Doelle <lars.doelle@on-line.de>
 Li Hong <leehong@pku.edu.cn>
 Lukas Sandström <lukass@etek.chalmers.se>
-Martin Langhoff <martin@catalyst.net.nz>
+Martin Langhoff <martin@laptop.org>
 Michael Coleman <tutufan@gmail.com>
 Michael J Gruber <git@drmicha.warpmail.net> <michaeljgruber+gmane@fastmail.fm>
 Michael W. Olson <mwolson@gnu.org>
diff --git a/Documentation/CodingGuidelines b/Documentation/CodingGuidelines
index 46f8a3f..1b1c45d 100644
--- a/Documentation/CodingGuidelines
+++ b/Documentation/CodingGuidelines
@@ -143,3 +143,55 @@
 
  - When we pass <string, length> pair to functions, we should try to
    pass them in that order.
+
+Writing Documentation:
+
+ Every user-visible change should be reflected in the documentation.
+ The same general rule as for code applies -- imitate the existing
+ conventions.  A few commented examples follow to provide reference
+ when writing or modifying command usage strings and synopsis sections
+ in the manual pages:
+
+ Placeholders are enclosed in angle brackets:
+   <file>
+   --sort=<key>
+   --abbrev[=<n>]
+
+ Possibility of multiple occurences is indicated by three dots:
+   <file>...
+   (One or more of <file>.)
+
+ Optional parts are enclosed in square brackets:
+   [<extra>]
+   (Zero or one <extra>.)
+
+   --exec-path[=<path>]
+   (Option with an optional argument.  Note that the "=" is inside the
+   brackets.)
+
+   [<patch>...]
+   (Zero or more of <patch>.  Note that the dots are inside, not
+   outside the brackets.)
+
+ Multiple alternatives are indicated with vertical bar:
+   [-q | --quiet]
+   [--utf8 | --no-utf8]
+
+ Parentheses are used for grouping:
+   [(<rev>|<range>)...]
+   (Any number of either <rev> or <range>.  Parens are needed to make
+   it clear that "..." pertains to both <rev> and <range>.)
+
+   [(-p <parent>)...]
+   (Any number of option -p, each with one <parent> argument.)
+
+   git remote set-head <name> (-a | -d | <branch>)
+   (One and only one of "-a", "-d" or "<branch>" _must_ (no square
+   brackets) be provided.)
+
+ And a somewhat more contrived example:
+   --diff-filter=[(A|C|D|M|R|T|U|X|B)...[*]]
+   Here "=" is outside the brackets, because "--diff-filter=" is a
+   valid usage.  "*" has its own pair of brackets, because it can
+   (optionally) be specified only when one or more of the letters is
+   also provided.
diff --git a/Documentation/Makefile b/Documentation/Makefile
index e117bc4..36989b7 100644
--- a/Documentation/Makefile
+++ b/Documentation/Makefile
@@ -63,35 +63,28 @@
 
 #
 # For asciidoc ...
-#	-7.1.2,	no extra settings are needed.
-#	8.0-,	set ASCIIDOC8.
+#	-7.1.2,	set ASCIIDOC7
+#	8.0-,	no extra settings are needed
 #
 
 #
 # For docbook-xsl ...
-#	-1.68.1,	set ASCIIDOC_NO_ROFF? (based on changelog from 1.73.0)
-#	1.69.0,		no extra settings are needed?
+#	-1.68.1,	no extra settings are needed?
+#	1.69.0,		set ASCIIDOC_ROFF?
 #	1.69.1-1.71.0,	set DOCBOOK_SUPPRESS_SP?
-#	1.71.1,		no extra settings are needed?
+#	1.71.1,		set ASCIIDOC_ROFF?
 #	1.72.0,		set DOCBOOK_XSL_172.
-#	1.73.0-,	set ASCIIDOC_NO_ROFF
+#	1.73.0-,	no extra settings are needed
 #
 
-#
-# If you had been using DOCBOOK_XSL_172 in an attempt to get rid
-# of 'the ".ft C" problem' in your generated manpages, and you
-# instead ended up with weird characters around callouts, try
-# using ASCIIDOC_NO_ROFF instead (it works fine with ASCIIDOC8).
-#
-
-ifdef ASCIIDOC8
+ifndef ASCIIDOC7
 ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -a asciidoc7compatible -a no-inline-literal
 endif
 ifdef DOCBOOK_XSL_172
 ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -a git-asciidoc-no-roff
 MANPAGE_XSL = manpage-1.72.xsl
 else
-	ifdef ASCIIDOC_NO_ROFF
+	ifndef ASCIIDOC_ROFF
 	# docbook-xsl after 1.72 needs the regular XSL, but will not
 	# pass-thru raw roff codes from asciidoc.conf, so turn them off.
 	ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -a git-asciidoc-no-roff
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ace061f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+Git v1.7.4 Release Notes (draft)
+================================
+
+Updates since v1.7.3
+--------------------
+
+ * The documentation Makefile now assumes by default asciidoc 8 and
+   docbook-xsl >= 1.73. If you have older versions, you can set
+   ASCIIDOC7 and ASCIIDOC_ROFF, respectively.
+
+ * The option parsers of various commands that create new branch (or
+   rename existing ones to a new name) were too loose and users were
+   allowed to call a branch with a name that begins with a dash by
+   creative abuse of their command line options, which only lead to
+   burn themselves.  The name of a branch cannot begin with a dash
+   now.
+
+ * System-wide fallback default attributes can be stored in
+   /etc/gitattributes; core.attributesfile configuration variable can
+   be used to customize the path to this file.
+
+ * The thread structure generated by "git send-email" has changed
+   slightly.  Setting the cover letter of the latest series as a reply
+   to the cover letter of the previous series with --in-reply-to used
+   to make the new cover letter and all the patches replies to the
+   cover letter of the previous series; this has been changed to make
+   the patches in the new series replies to the new cover letter.
+
+ * Bash completion script in contrib/ has been adjusted to be also
+   usable by zsh.
+
+ * Different pagers can be chosen depending on which subcommand is
+   being run under the pager, using "pager.<subcommand>" variable.
+
+ * The hardcoded tab-width of 8 used in whitespace breakage checks is now
+   configurable via the attributes mechanism.
+
+ * Support of case insensitive filesystems (i.e. "core.ignorecase") has
+   been improved.  For example, the gitignore mechanism didn't pay attention
+   to the case insensitivity.
+
+ * The <tree>:<path> syntax to name a blob in a tree, and :<path>
+   syntax to name a blob in the index (e.g. "master:Makefile",
+   ":hello.c") have been extended.  You can start <path> with "./" to
+   implicitly have the (sub)directory you are in prefixed to the
+   lookup.  Similarly, ":../Makefile" from a subdirectory would mean
+   "the Makefile of the parent directory in the index".
+
+ * "git blame" learned --show-email option to display the e-mail
+   addresses instead of the names of authors.
+
+ * "git commit" learned --fixup and --squash options to help later invocation
+   of the interactive rebase.
+
+ * "git daemon" can be built in MinGW environment.
+
+ * "git daemon" can take more than one --listen option to listen to
+   multiple addresses.
+
+ * "git describe --exact-match" was optimized not to read commit
+   objects unnecessarily.
+
+ * "git diff" and "git grep" learned how functions and subroutines
+   in Fortran look like.
+
+ * "git fetch" learned "--recurse-submodules" option.
+
+ * "git mergetool" tells vim/gvim to show three-way diff by default
+   (use vimdiff2/gvimdiff2 as the tool name for old behaviour).
+
+ * "git log -G<pattern>" limits the output to commits whose change has
+   added or deleted lines that match the given pattern.
+
+ * "git read-tree" with no argument as a way to empty the index is
+   deprecated; we might want to remove it in the future.  Users can
+   use the new --empty option to be more explicit instead.
+
+ * "git repack -f" does not spend cycles to recompress objects in the
+   non-delta representation anymore (use -F if you really mean it when
+   e.g. you changed the compression level).
+
+ * "git merge --log" used to limit the resulting merge log to 20
+   entries; this is now customizable by giving e.g. "--log=47".
+
+ * "git merge" may work better when all files were moved out of a
+   directory in one branch while a new file is created in place of that
+   directory in the other branch.
+
+ * "git rebase --autosquash" can use SHA-1 object names to name which
+   commit to fix up (e.g. "fixup! e83c5163").
+
+ * The default "recursive" merge strategy learned --rename-threshold
+   option to influence the rename detection, similar to the -M option
+   of "git diff".  E.g. "git merge -Xrename-threshold=50% ..." to use
+   this.
+
+ * The "recursive" strategy also learned to ignore various whitespace
+   changes; the most notable is -Xignore-space-at-eol.
+
+ * "git send-email" learned "--to-cmd", similar to "--cc-cmd", to read
+   recipient list from a command output.
+
+ * "git send-email" learned to read and use "To:" from its input files.
+
+ * you can extend "git shell", which is often used on boxes that allow
+   git-only login over ssh as login shell, with custom set of
+   commands.
+
+ * The current branch name in "git status" output can be colored differently
+   from the generic header color by setting "color.status.branch" variable.
+
+ * "git submodule sync" updates metainformation for all submodules,
+   not just the ones that have been checked out.
+
+ * gitweb can use custom 'highlight' command with its configuration file.
+
+ * other gitweb updates.
+
+
+Also contains various documentation updates.
+
+
+Fixes since v1.7.3
+------------------
+
+All of the fixes in v1.7.3.X maintenance series are included in this
+release, unless otherwise noted.
+
+ * "git log --author=me --author=her" did not find commits written by
+   me or by her; instead it looked for commits written by me and by
+   her, which is impossible.
+
+ * "git merge" into an unborn branch removed an untracked file "foo"
+   from the working tree when merged branch had "foo" (2caf20c..172b642).
+
+ * "git push --progress" shows progress indicators now.
+
+ * "git repack" places its temporary packs under $GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY/pack
+   instead of $GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY/ to avoid cross directory renames.
+
+ * "git submodule update --recursive --other-flags" passes flags down
+   to its subinvocations.
+
+---
+exec >/var/tmp/1
+O=v1.7.3.4-567-g38a5932
+echo O=$(git describe master)
+git shortlog --no-merges ^maint ^$O master
diff --git a/Documentation/config.txt b/Documentation/config.txt
index 4f1e979..a8759cf 100644
--- a/Documentation/config.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config.txt
@@ -317,24 +317,17 @@
 = true).
 
 core.worktree::
-	Set the path to the root of the work tree.
+	Set the path to the working tree.  The value will not be
+	used in combination with repositories found automatically in
+	a .git directory (i.e. $GIT_DIR is not set).
 	This can be overridden by the GIT_WORK_TREE environment
 	variable and the '--work-tree' command line option. It can be
-	an absolute path or a relative path to the .git directory,
-	either specified by --git-dir or GIT_DIR, or automatically
-	discovered.
-	If --git-dir or GIT_DIR are specified but none of
+	an absolute path or relative path to the directory specified by
+	--git-dir or GIT_DIR.
+	Note: If --git-dir or GIT_DIR are specified but none of
 	--work-tree, GIT_WORK_TREE and core.worktree is specified,
-	the current working directory is regarded as the root of the
-	work tree.
-+
-Note that this variable is honored even when set in a configuration
-file in a ".git" subdirectory of a directory, and its value differs
-from the latter directory (e.g. "/path/to/.git/config" has
-core.worktree set to "/different/path"), which is most likely a
-misconfiguration.  Running git commands in "/path/to" directory will
-still use "/different/path" as the root of the work tree and can cause
-great confusion to the users.
+	the current working directory is regarded as the top directory
+	of your working tree.
 
 core.logAllRefUpdates::
 	Enable the reflog. Updates to a ref <ref> is logged to the file
@@ -374,6 +367,15 @@
 	If true, git will warn you if the ref name you passed it is ambiguous
 	and might match multiple refs in the .git/refs/ tree. True by default.
 
+core.abbrevguard::
+	Even though git makes sure that it uses enough hexdigits to show
+	an abbreviated object name unambiguously, as more objects are
+	added to the repository over time, a short name that used to be
+	unique will stop being unique.  Git uses this many extra hexdigits
+	that are more than necessary to make the object name currently
+	unique, in the hope that its output will stay unique a bit longer.
+	Defaults to 0.
+
 core.compression::
 	An integer -1..9, indicating a default compression level.
 	-1 is the zlib default. 0 means no compression,
@@ -459,6 +461,12 @@
 	prompt. The external program shall be given a suitable prompt as
 	command line argument and write the password on its STDOUT.
 
+core.attributesfile::
+	In addition to '.gitattributes' (per-directory) and
+	'.git/info/attributes', git looks into this file for attributes
+	(see linkgit:gitattributes[5]). Path expansions are made the same
+	way as for `core.excludesfile`.
+
 core.editor::
 	Commands such as `commit` and `tag` that lets you edit
 	messages by launching an editor uses the value of this
@@ -507,6 +515,9 @@
   part of the line terminator, i.e. with it, `trailing-space`
   does not trigger if the character before such a carriage-return
   is not a whitespace (not enabled by default).
+* `tabwidth=<n>` tells how many character positions a tab occupies; this
+  is relevant for `indent-with-non-tab` and when git fixes `tab-in-indent`
+  errors. The default tab width is 8. Allowed values are 1 to 63.
 
 core.fsyncobjectfiles::
 	This boolean will enable 'fsync()' when writing object files.
@@ -599,8 +610,9 @@
 	this behavior can be chosen per-branch using the `--track`
 	and `--no-track` options. The valid settings are: `false` -- no
 	automatic setup is done; `true` -- automatic setup is done when the
-	starting point is a remote branch; `always` -- automatic setup is
-	done when the starting point is either a local branch or remote
+	starting point is a remote-tracking branch; `always` --
+	automatic setup is done when the starting point is either a
+	local branch or remote-tracking
 	branch. This option defaults to true.
 
 branch.autosetuprebase::
@@ -611,7 +623,7 @@
 	When `local`, rebase is set to true for tracked branches of
 	other local branches.
 	When `remote`, rebase is set to true for tracked branches of
-	remote branches.
+	remote-tracking branches.
 	When `always`, rebase will be set to true for all tracking
 	branches.
 	See "branch.autosetupmerge" for details on how to set up a
@@ -678,7 +690,7 @@
 color.branch.<slot>::
 	Use customized color for branch coloration. `<slot>` is one of
 	`current` (the current branch), `local` (a local branch),
-	`remote` (a tracking branch in refs/remotes/), `plain` (other
+	`remote` (a remote-tracking branch in refs/remotes/), `plain` (other
 	refs).
 +
 The value for these configuration variables is a list of colors (at most
@@ -706,7 +718,7 @@
 color.decorate.<slot>::
 	Use customized color for 'git log --decorate' output.  `<slot>` is one
 	of `branch`, `remoteBranch`, `tag`, `stash` or `HEAD` for local
-	branches, remote tracking branches, tags, stash and HEAD, respectively.
+	branches, remote-tracking branches, tags, stash and HEAD, respectively.
 
 color.grep::
 	When set to `always`, always highlight matches.  When `false` (or
@@ -771,7 +783,8 @@
 	one of `header` (the header text of the status message),
 	`added` or `updated` (files which are added but not committed),
 	`changed` (files which are changed but not added in the index),
-	`untracked` (files which are not tracked by git), or
+	`untracked` (files which are not tracked by git),
+	`branch` (the current branch), or
 	`nobranch` (the color the 'no branch' warning is shown in, defaulting
 	to red). The values of these variables may be specified as in
 	color.branch.<slot>.
@@ -877,6 +890,11 @@
 	sequences that match the regular expression are "words", all other
 	characters are *ignorable* whitespace.
 
+fetch.recurseSubmodules::
+	A boolean value which changes the behavior for fetch and pull, the
+	default is to not recursively fetch populated sumodules unless
+	configured otherwise.
+
 fetch.unpackLimit::
 	If the number of objects fetched over the git native
 	transfer is below this
@@ -1100,7 +1118,7 @@
 	linkgit:git-gui[1].
 
 gui.pruneduringfetch::
-	"true" if linkgit:git-gui[1] should prune tracking branches when
+	"true" if linkgit:git-gui[1] should prune remote-tracking branches when
 	performing a fetch. The default value is "false".
 
 gui.trustmtime::
@@ -1529,11 +1547,13 @@
 	supported.
 
 pager.<cmd>::
-	Allows turning on or off pagination of the output of a
-	particular git subcommand when writing to a tty.  If
-	`\--paginate` or `\--no-pager` is specified on the command line,
-	it takes precedence over this option.  To disable pagination for
-	all commands, set `core.pager` or `GIT_PAGER` to `cat`.
+	If the value is boolean, turns on or off pagination of the
+	output of a particular git subcommand when writing to a tty.
+	Otherwise, turns on pagination for the subcommand using the
+	pager specified by the value of `pager.<cmd>`.  If `\--paginate`
+	or `\--no-pager` is specified on the command line, it takes
+	precedence over this option.  To disable pagination for all
+	commands, set `core.pager` or `GIT_PAGER` to `cat`.
 
 pretty.<name>::
 	Alias for a --pretty= format string, as specified in
@@ -1735,6 +1755,7 @@
 sendemail.smtpdomain::
 sendemail.smtpserver::
 sendemail.smtpserverport::
+sendemail.smtpserveroption::
 sendemail.smtpuser::
 sendemail.thread::
 sendemail.validate::
@@ -1788,6 +1809,13 @@
 	URL and other values found in the `.gitmodules` file.  See
 	linkgit:git-submodule[1] and linkgit:gitmodules[5] for details.
 
+submodule.<name>.fetchRecurseSubmodules::
+	This option can be used to enable/disable recursive fetching of this
+	submodule. It can be overriden by using the --[no-]recurse-submodules
+	command line option to "git fetch" and "git pull".
+	This setting will override that from in the linkgit:gitmodules[5]
+	file.
+
 submodule.<name>.ignore::
 	Defines under what circumstances "git status" and the diff family show
 	a submodule as modified. When set to "all", it will never be considered
diff --git a/Documentation/diff-options.txt b/Documentation/diff-options.txt
index 5495344..c93124b 100644
--- a/Documentation/diff-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/diff-options.txt
@@ -207,6 +207,7 @@
 	digits can be specified with `--abbrev=<n>`.
 
 -B[<n>][/<m>]::
+--break-rewrites[=[<n>][/<m>]]::
 	Break complete rewrite changes into pairs of delete and
 	create. This serves two purposes:
 +
@@ -229,6 +230,7 @@
 another file.
 
 -M[<n>]::
+--find-renames[=<n>]::
 ifndef::git-log[]
 	Detect renames.
 endif::git-log[]
@@ -244,6 +246,7 @@
 	hasn't changed.
 
 -C[<n>]::
+--find-copies[=<n>]::
 	Detect copies as well as renames.  See also `--find-copies-harder`.
 	If `n` is specified, it has the same meaning as for `-M<n>`.
 
@@ -282,8 +285,12 @@
 	appearing in diff output; see the 'pickaxe' entry in
 	linkgit:gitdiffcore[7] for more details.
 
+-G<regex>::
+	Look for differences whose added or removed line matches
+	the given <regex>.
+
 --pickaxe-all::
-	When `-S` finds a change, show all the changes in that
+	When `-S` or `-G` finds a change, show all the changes in that
 	changeset, not just the files that contain the change
 	in <string>.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/everyday.txt b/Documentation/everyday.txt
index e0ba8cc..ae413e5 100644
--- a/Documentation/everyday.txt
+++ b/Documentation/everyday.txt
@@ -180,12 +180,12 @@
 machine.
 <2> clone sets these configuration variables by default.
 It arranges `git pull` to fetch and store the branches of mothership
-machine to local `remotes/origin/*` tracking branches.
+machine to local `remotes/origin/*` remote-tracking branches.
 <3> arrange `git push` to push local `master` branch to
 `remotes/satellite/master` branch of the mothership machine.
 <4> push will stash our work away on `remotes/satellite/master`
-tracking branch on the mothership machine.  You could use this as
-a back-up method.
+remote-tracking branch on the mothership machine.  You could use this
+as a back-up method.
 <5> on mothership machine, merge the work done on the satellite
 machine into the master branch.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/fetch-options.txt b/Documentation/fetch-options.txt
index 5ce1e72..695696d 100644
--- a/Documentation/fetch-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/fetch-options.txt
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
 
 -p::
 --prune::
-	After fetching, remove any remote tracking branches which
+	After fetching, remove any remote-tracking branches which
 	no longer exist	on the remote.
 endif::git-pull[]
 
@@ -66,6 +66,17 @@
 	linkgit:git-config[1].
 endif::git-pull[]
 
+--[no-]recurse-submodules::
+	This option controls if new commits of all populated submodules should
+	be fetched too (see linkgit:git-config[1] and linkgit:gitmodules[5]).
+
+ifndef::git-pull[]
+--submodule-prefix=<path>::
+	Prepend <path> to paths printed in informative messages
+	such as "Fetching submodule foo".  This option is used
+	internally when recursing over submodules.
+endif::git-pull[]
+
 -u::
 --update-head-ok::
 	By default 'git fetch' refuses to update the head which
diff --git a/Documentation/git-archimport.txt b/Documentation/git-archimport.txt
index 4f358c8..2411ce5 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-archimport.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-archimport.txt
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@
 
 Author
 ------
-Written by Martin Langhoff <martin@catalyst.net.nz>.
+Written by Martin Langhoff <martin@laptop.org>.
 
 Documentation
 --------------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-blame.txt b/Documentation/git-blame.txt
index a27f439..c71671b 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-blame.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-blame.txt
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git blame' [-c] [-b] [-l] [--root] [-t] [-f] [-n] [-s] [-p] [-w] [--incremental] [-L n,m]
+'git blame' [-c] [-b] [-l] [--root] [-t] [-f] [-n] [-s] [-e] [-p] [-w] [--incremental] [-L n,m]
 	    [-S <revs-file>] [-M] [-C] [-C] [-C] [--since=<date>]
 	    [<rev> | --contents <file> | --reverse <rev>] [--] <file>
 
@@ -65,6 +65,10 @@
 -s::
 	Suppress the author name and timestamp from the output.
 
+-e::
+--show-email::
+	Show the author email instead of author name (Default: off).
+
 -w::
 	Ignore whitespace when comparing the parent's version and
 	the child's to find where the lines came from.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-branch.txt b/Documentation/git-branch.txt
index 1940256..9106d38 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-branch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-branch.txt
@@ -37,11 +37,12 @@
 working tree to it; use "git checkout <newbranch>" to switch to the
 new branch.
 
-When a local branch is started off a remote branch, git sets up the
+When a local branch is started off a remote-tracking branch, git sets up the
 branch so that 'git pull' will appropriately merge from
-the remote branch. This behavior may be changed via the global
+the remote-tracking branch. This behavior may be changed via the global
 `branch.autosetupmerge` configuration flag. That setting can be
-overridden by using the `--track` and `--no-track` options.
+overridden by using the `--track` and `--no-track` options, and
+changed later using `git branch --set-upstream`.
 
 With a '-m' or '-M' option, <oldbranch> will be renamed to <newbranch>.
 If <oldbranch> had a corresponding reflog, it is renamed to match
@@ -89,7 +90,8 @@
 	Move/rename a branch even if the new branch name already exists.
 
 --color[=<when>]::
-	Color branches to highlight current, local, and remote branches.
+	Color branches to highlight current, local, and
+	remote-tracking branches.
 	The value must be always (the default), never, or auto.
 
 --no-color::
@@ -125,11 +127,11 @@
 	it directs `git pull` without arguments to pull from the
 	upstream when the new branch is checked out.
 +
-This behavior is the default when the start point is a remote branch.
+This behavior is the default when the start point is a remote-tracking branch.
 Set the branch.autosetupmerge configuration variable to `false` if you
 want `git checkout` and `git branch` to always behave as if '--no-track'
 were given. Set it to `always` if you want this behavior when the
-start-point is either a local or remote branch.
+start-point is either a local or remote-tracking branch.
 
 --no-track::
 	Do not set up "upstream" configuration, even if the
diff --git a/Documentation/git-checkout.txt b/Documentation/git-checkout.txt
index 22d3611..880763d 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-checkout.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-checkout.txt
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@
 	"--track" in linkgit:git-branch[1] for details.
 +
 If no '-b' option is given, the name of the new branch will be
-derived from the remote branch.  If "remotes/" or "refs/remotes/"
+derived from the remote-tracking branch.  If "remotes/" or "refs/remotes/"
 is prefixed it is stripped away, and then the part up to the
 next slash (which would be the nickname of the remote) is removed.
 This would tell us to use "hack" as the local branch when branching
diff --git a/Documentation/git-clone.txt b/Documentation/git-clone.txt
index ab72933..42e7021 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-clone.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-clone.txt
@@ -12,7 +12,8 @@
 'git clone' [--template=<template_directory>]
 	  [-l] [-s] [--no-hardlinks] [-q] [-n] [--bare] [--mirror]
 	  [-o <name>] [-b <name>] [-u <upload-pack>] [--reference <repository>]
-	  [--depth <depth>] [--recursive] [--] <repository> [<directory>]
+	  [--depth <depth>] [--recursive|--recurse-submodules] [--] <repository>
+	  [<directory>]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -131,7 +132,7 @@
 	Set up a mirror of the source repository.  This implies `--bare`.
 	Compared to `--bare`, `--mirror` not only maps local branches of the
 	source to local branches of the target, it maps all refs (including
-	remote branches, notes etc.) and sets up a refspec configuration such
+	remote-tracking branches, notes etc.) and sets up a refspec configuration such
 	that all these refs are overwritten by a `git remote update` in the
 	target repository.
 
@@ -167,6 +168,7 @@
 	as patches.
 
 --recursive::
+--recurse-submodules::
 	After the clone is created, initialize all submodules within,
 	using their default settings. This is equivalent to running
 	`git submodule update --init --recursive` immediately after
diff --git a/Documentation/git-commit.txt b/Documentation/git-commit.txt
index ec7b577..b586c0f 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-commit.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-commit.txt
@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@
 --------
 [verse]
 'git commit' [-a | --interactive] [-s] [-v] [-u<mode>] [--amend] [--dry-run]
-	   [(-c | -C) <commit>] [-F <file> | -m <msg>] [--reset-author]
-	   [--allow-empty] [--allow-empty-message] [--no-verify] [-e] [--author=<author>]
-	   [--date=<date>] [--cleanup=<mode>] [--status | --no-status]
-	   [-i | -o] [--] [<file>...]
+	   [(-c | -C | --fixup | --squash) <commit>] [-F <file> | -m <msg>]
+	   [--reset-author] [--allow-empty] [--allow-empty-message] [--no-verify]
+	   [-e] [--author=<author>] [--date=<date>] [--cleanup=<mode>]
+	   [--status | --no-status] [-i | -o] [--] [<file>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -70,6 +70,19 @@
 	Like '-C', but with '-c' the editor is invoked, so that
 	the user can further edit the commit message.
 
+--fixup=<commit>::
+	Construct a commit message for use with `rebase --autosquash`.
+	The commit message will be the subject line from the specified
+	commit with a prefix of "fixup! ".  See linkgit:git-rebase[1]
+	for details.
+
+--squash=<commit>::
+	Construct a commit message for use with `rebase --autosquash`.
+	The commit message subject line is taken from the specified
+	commit with a prefix of "squash! ".  Can be used with additional
+	commit message options (`-m`/`-c`/`-C`/`-F`). See
+	linkgit:git-rebase[1] for details.
+
 --reset-author::
 	When used with -C/-c/--amend options, declare that the
 	authorship of the resulting commit now belongs of the committer.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-cvsexportcommit.txt b/Documentation/git-cvsexportcommit.txt
index b2696ef..d25661e 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-cvsexportcommit.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-cvsexportcommit.txt
@@ -114,11 +114,11 @@
 
 Author
 ------
-Written by Martin Langhoff <martin@catalyst.net.nz> and others.
+Written by Martin Langhoff <martin@laptop.org> and others.
 
 Documentation
 --------------
-Documentation by Martin Langhoff <martin@catalyst.net.nz> and others.
+Documentation by Martin Langhoff <martin@laptop.org> and others.
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-cvsserver.txt b/Documentation/git-cvsserver.txt
index f4472c6..70cbb2c 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-cvsserver.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-cvsserver.txt
@@ -399,13 +399,13 @@
 Authors:
 
 - Martyn Smith    <martyn@catalyst.net.nz>
-- Martin Langhoff <martin@catalyst.net.nz>
+- Martin Langhoff <martin@laptop.org>
 
 with ideas and patches from participants of the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
 
 Documentation
 --------------
-Documentation by Martyn Smith <martyn@catalyst.net.nz>, Martin Langhoff <martin@catalyst.net.nz>, and Matthias Urlichs <smurf@smurf.noris.de>.
+Documentation by Martyn Smith <martyn@catalyst.net.nz>, Martin Langhoff <martin@laptop.org>, and Matthias Urlichs <smurf@smurf.noris.de>.
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-daemon.txt b/Documentation/git-daemon.txt
index 2f0ddf6..d15cb6a 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-daemon.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-daemon.txt
@@ -78,13 +78,15 @@
 
 --inetd::
 	Have the server run as an inetd service. Implies --syslog.
-	Incompatible with --port, --listen, --user and --group options.
+	Incompatible with --detach, --port, --listen, --user and --group
+	options.
 
 --listen=<host_or_ipaddr>::
 	Listen on a specific IP address or hostname.  IP addresses can
 	be either an IPv4 address or an IPv6 address if supported.  If IPv6
 	is not supported, then --listen=hostname is also not supported and
 	--listen must be given an IPv4 address.
+	Can be given more than once.
 	Incompatible with '--inetd' option.
 
 --port=<n>::
diff --git a/Documentation/git-describe.txt b/Documentation/git-describe.txt
index 7ef9d51..02e015a 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-describe.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-describe.txt
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
 --all::
 	Instead of using only the annotated tags, use any ref
 	found in `.git/refs/`.  This option enables matching
-	any known branch, remote branch, or lightweight tag.
+	any known branch, remote-tracking branch, or lightweight tag.
 
 --tags::
 	Instead of using only the annotated tags, use any tag
diff --git a/Documentation/git-diff.txt b/Documentation/git-diff.txt
index dd1fb32..f6ac847 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-diff.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-diff.txt
@@ -8,12 +8,17 @@
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
-'git diff' [<common diff options>] <commit>{0,2} [--] [<path>...]
+[verse]
+'git diff' [options] [<commit>] [--] [<path>...]
+'git diff' [options] --cached [<commit>] [--] [<path>...]
+'git diff' [options] <commit> <commit> [--] [<path>...]
+'git diff' [options] [--no-index] [--] <path> <path>
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Show changes between two trees, a tree and the working tree, a
-tree and the index file, or the index file and the working tree.
+Show changes between the working tree and the index or a tree, changes
+between the index and a tree, changes between two trees, or changes
+between two files on disk.
 
 'git diff' [--options] [--] [<path>...]::
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-difftool.txt b/Documentation/git-difftool.txt
index 5738432..db87f1d 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-difftool.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-difftool.txt
@@ -7,13 +7,14 @@
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
-'git difftool' [<options>] <commit>{0,2} [--] [<path>...]
+'git difftool' [<options>] [<commit> [<commit>]] [--] [<path>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 'git difftool' is a git command that allows you to compare and edit files
 between revisions using common diff tools.  'git difftool' is a frontend
-to 'git diff' and accepts the same options and arguments.
+to 'git diff' and accepts the same options and arguments. See
+linkgit:git-diff[1].
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt b/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt
index 2c6ad5b..f56dfca 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt
@@ -92,6 +92,11 @@
 	--(no-)-relative-marks= with the --(import|export)-marks=
 	options.
 
+--cat-blob-fd=<fd>::
+	Specify the file descriptor that will be written to
+	when the `cat-blob` command is encountered in the stream.
+	The default behaviour is to write to `stdout`.
+
 --export-pack-edges=<file>::
 	After creating a packfile, print a line of data to
 	<file> listing the filename of the packfile and the last
@@ -320,6 +325,11 @@
 	standard output.  This command is optional and is not needed
 	to perform an import.
 
+`cat-blob`::
+	Causes fast-import to print a blob in 'cat-file --batch'
+	format to the file descriptor set with `--cat-blob-fd` or
+	`stdout` if unspecified.
+
 `feature`::
 	Require that fast-import supports the specified feature, or
 	abort if it does not.
@@ -524,6 +534,9 @@
 If an `LF` or double quote must be encoded into `<path>` shell-style
 quoting should be used, e.g. `"path/with\n and \" in it"`.
 
+Additionally, in `040000` mode, `<path>` may also be an empty string
+(`""`) to specify the root of the tree.
+
 The value of `<path>` must be in canonical form. That is it must not:
 
 * contain an empty directory component (e.g. `foo//bar` is invalid),
@@ -876,34 +889,65 @@
 inform the reader when the `checkpoint` has been completed and it
 can safely access the refs that fast-import updated.
 
+`cat-blob`
+~~~~~~~~~~
+Causes fast-import to print a blob to a file descriptor previously
+arranged with the `--cat-blob-fd` argument.  The command otherwise
+has no impact on the current import; its main purpose is to
+retrieve blobs that may be in fast-import's memory but not
+accessible from the target repository.
+
+....
+	'cat-blob' SP <dataref> LF
+....
+
+The `<dataref>` can be either a mark reference (`:<idnum>`)
+set previously or a full 40-byte SHA-1 of a Git blob, preexisting or
+ready to be written.
+
+output uses the same format as `git cat-file --batch`:
+
+====
+	<sha1> SP 'blob' SP <size> LF
+	<contents> LF
+====
+
+This command can be used anywhere in the stream that comments are
+accepted.  In particular, the `cat-blob` command can be used in the
+middle of a commit but not in the middle of a `data` command.
+
 `feature`
 ~~~~~~~~~
 Require that fast-import supports the specified feature, or abort if
 it does not.
 
 ....
-	'feature' SP <feature> LF
+	'feature' SP <feature> ('=' <argument>)? LF
 ....
 
-The <feature> part of the command may be any string matching
-^[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z-]*$ and should be understood by fast-import.
+The <feature> part of the command may be any one of the following:
 
-Feature work identical as their option counterparts with the
-exception of the import-marks feature, see below.
+date-format::
+export-marks::
+relative-marks::
+no-relative-marks::
+force::
+	Act as though the corresponding command-line option with
+	a leading '--' was passed on the command line
+	(see OPTIONS, above).
 
-The following features are currently supported:
+import-marks::
+	Like --import-marks except in two respects: first, only one
+	"feature import-marks" command is allowed per stream;
+	second, an --import-marks= command-line option overrides
+	any "feature import-marks" command in the stream.
 
-* date-format
-* import-marks
-* export-marks
-* relative-marks
-* no-relative-marks
-* force
-
-The import-marks behaves differently from when it is specified as
-commandline option in that only one "feature import-marks" is allowed
-per stream. Also, any --import-marks= specified on the commandline
-will override those from the stream (if any).
+cat-blob::
+	Ignored.  Versions of fast-import not supporting the
+	"cat-blob" command will exit with a message indicating so.
+	This lets the import error out early with a clear message,
+	rather than wasting time on the early part of an import
+	before the unsupported command is detected.
 
 `option`
 ~~~~~~~~
@@ -930,6 +974,7 @@
 * date-format
 * import-marks
 * export-marks
+* cat-blob-fd
 * force
 
 Crash Reports
@@ -1230,6 +1275,13 @@
 projects with 2,000+ branches and 45,114+ files in a very limited
 memory footprint (less than 2.7 MiB per active branch).
 
+Signals
+-------
+Sending *SIGUSR1* to the 'git fast-import' process ends the current
+packfile early, simulating a `checkpoint` command.  The impatient
+operator can use this facility to peek at the objects and refs from an
+import in progress, at the cost of some added running time and worse
+compression.
 
 Author
 ------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-fetch.txt b/Documentation/git-fetch.txt
index d159e88..c76e313 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-fetch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-fetch.txt
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 in `.git/FETCH_HEAD`.  This information is left for a later merge
 operation done by 'git merge'.
 
-When <refspec> stores the fetched result in tracking branches,
+When <refspec> stores the fetched result in remote-tracking branches,
 the tags that point at these branches are automatically
 followed.  This is done by first fetching from the remote using
 the given <refspec>s, and if the repository has objects that are
diff --git a/Documentation/git-fmt-merge-msg.txt b/Documentation/git-fmt-merge-msg.txt
index 302f56b..40dba8c 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-fmt-merge-msg.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-fmt-merge-msg.txt
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git fmt-merge-msg' [-m <message>] [--log | --no-log] <$GIT_DIR/FETCH_HEAD
-'git fmt-merge-msg' [-m <message>] [--log | --no-log] -F <file>
+'git fmt-merge-msg' [-m <message>] [--log[=<n>] | --no-log] <$GIT_DIR/FETCH_HEAD
+'git fmt-merge-msg' [-m <message>] [--log[=<n>] | --no-log] -F <file>
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -24,10 +24,12 @@
 OPTIONS
 -------
 
---log::
+--log[=<n>]::
 	In addition to branch names, populate the log message with
 	one-line descriptions from the actual commits that are being
-	merged.
+	merged.  At most <n> commits from each merge parent will be
+	used (20 if <n> is omitted).  This overrides the `merge.log`
+	configuration variable.
 
 --no-log::
 	Do not list one-line descriptions from the actual commits being
@@ -52,8 +54,10 @@
 -------------
 
 merge.log::
-	Whether to include summaries of merged commits in newly
-	merge commit messages. False by default.
+	In addition to branch names, populate the log message with at
+	most the specified number of one-line descriptions from the
+	actual commits that are being merged.  Defaults to false, and
+	true is a synoym for 20.
 
 merge.summary::
 	Synonym to `merge.log`; this is deprecated and will be removed in
diff --git a/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt b/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt
index a00b783..9dcafc6 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@
 include::diff-options.txt[]
 
 -<n>::
-	Limits the number of patches to prepare.
+	Prepare patches from the topmost <n> commits.
 
 -o <dir>::
 --output-directory <dir>::
diff --git a/Documentation/git-gc.txt b/Documentation/git-gc.txt
index a01eef6..2663241 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-gc.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-gc.txt
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@
 them sooner.  This option defaults to '30 days'.
 
 The above two configuration variables can be given to a pattern.  For
-example, this sets non-default expiry values only to remote tracking
+example, this sets non-default expiry values only to remote-tracking
 branches:
 
 ------------
@@ -128,8 +128,8 @@
 
 'git gc' tries very hard to be safe about the garbage it collects. In
 particular, it will keep not only objects referenced by your current set
-of branches and tags, but also objects referenced by the index, remote
-tracking branches, refs saved by 'git filter-branch' in
+of branches and tags, but also objects referenced by the index,
+remote-tracking branches, refs saved by 'git filter-branch' in
 refs/original/, or reflogs (which may reference commits in branches
 that were later amended or rewound).
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-log.txt b/Documentation/git-log.txt
index 6d40f00..ff41784 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-log.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-log.txt
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@
 git log --branches --not --remotes=origin::
 
 	Shows all commits that are in any of local branches but not in
-	any of remote tracking branches for 'origin' (what you have that
+	any of remote-tracking branches for 'origin' (what you have that
 	origin doesn't).
 
 git log master --not --remotes=*/master::
diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge.txt b/Documentation/git-merge.txt
index d43416d..c1efaaa 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-merge.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-merge.txt
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 	[-s <strategy>] [-X <strategy-option>]
 	[--[no-]rerere-autoupdate] [-m <msg>] <commit>...
 'git merge' <msg> HEAD <commit>...
+'git merge' --abort
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -47,6 +48,14 @@
 historical reasons.  Do not use it from the command line or in
 new scripts.  It is the same as `git merge -m <msg> <commit>...`.
 
+The third syntax ("`git merge --abort`") can only be run after the
+merge has resulted in conflicts. 'git merge --abort' will abort the
+merge process and try to reconstruct the pre-merge state. However,
+if there were uncommitted changes when the merge started (and
+especially if those changes were further modified after the merge
+was started), 'git merge --abort' will in some cases be unable to
+reconstruct the original (pre-merge) changes. Therefore:
+
 *Warning*: Running 'git merge' with uncommitted changes is
 discouraged: while possible, it leaves you in a state that is hard to
 back out of in the case of a conflict.
@@ -72,6 +81,18 @@
 	Allow the rerere mechanism to update the index with the
 	result of auto-conflict resolution if possible.
 
+--abort::
+	Abort the current conflict resolution process, and
+	try to reconstruct the pre-merge state.
++
+If there were uncommitted worktree changes present when the merge
+started, 'git merge --abort' will in some cases be unable to
+reconstruct these changes. It is therefore recommended to always
+commit or stash your changes before running 'git merge'.
++
+'git merge --abort' is equivalent to 'git reset --merge' when
+`MERGE_HEAD` is present.
+
 <commit>...::
 	Commits, usually other branch heads, to merge into our branch.
 	You need at least one <commit>.  Specifying more than one
@@ -142,7 +163,7 @@
    i.e. matching `HEAD`.
 
 If you tried a merge which resulted in complex conflicts and
-want to start over, you can recover with `git reset --merge`.
+want to start over, you can recover with `git merge --abort`.
 
 HOW CONFLICTS ARE PRESENTED
 ---------------------------
@@ -213,8 +234,8 @@
 
  * Decide not to merge.  The only clean-ups you need are to reset
    the index file to the `HEAD` commit to reverse 2. and to clean
-   up working tree changes made by 2. and 3.; `git-reset --hard` can
-   be used for this.
+   up working tree changes made by 2. and 3.; `git merge --abort`
+   can be used for this.
 
  * Resolve the conflicts.  Git will mark the conflicts in
    the working tree.  Edit the files into shape and
diff --git a/Documentation/git-notes.txt b/Documentation/git-notes.txt
index 2981d8c..296f314 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-notes.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-notes.txt
@@ -14,8 +14,12 @@
 'git notes' append [-F <file> | -m <msg> | (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]
 'git notes' edit [<object>]
 'git notes' show [<object>]
+'git notes' merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy> ] <notes_ref>
+'git notes' merge --commit [-v | -q]
+'git notes' merge --abort [-v | -q]
 'git notes' remove [<object>]
 'git notes' prune [-n | -v]
+'git notes' get-ref
 
 
 DESCRIPTION
@@ -83,6 +87,21 @@
 show::
 	Show the notes for a given object (defaults to HEAD).
 
+merge::
+	Merge the given notes ref into the current notes ref.
+	This will try to merge the changes made by the given
+	notes ref (called "remote") since the merge-base (if
+	any) into the current notes ref (called "local").
++
+If conflicts arise and a strategy for automatically resolving
+conflicting notes (see the -s/--strategy option) is not given,
+the "manual" resolver is used. This resolver checks out the
+conflicting notes in a special worktree (`.git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE`),
+and instructs the user to manually resolve the conflicts there.
+When done, the user can either finalize the merge with
+'git notes merge --commit', or abort the merge with
+'git notes merge --abort'.
+
 remove::
 	Remove the notes for a given object (defaults to HEAD).
 	This is equivalent to specifying an empty note message to
@@ -91,6 +110,10 @@
 prune::
 	Remove all notes for non-existing/unreachable objects.
 
+get-ref::
+	Print the current notes ref. This provides an easy way to
+	retrieve the current notes ref (e.g. from scripts).
+
 OPTIONS
 -------
 -f::
@@ -133,9 +156,37 @@
 	Do not remove anything; just report the object names whose notes
 	would be removed.
 
+-s <strategy>::
+--strategy=<strategy>::
+	When merging notes, resolve notes conflicts using the given
+	strategy. The following strategies are recognized: "manual"
+	(default), "ours", "theirs", "union" and "cat_sort_uniq".
+	See the "NOTES MERGE STRATEGIES" section below for more
+	information on each notes merge strategy.
+
+--commit::
+	Finalize an in-progress 'git notes merge'. Use this option
+	when you have resolved the conflicts that 'git notes merge'
+	stored in .git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE. This amends the partial
+	merge commit created by 'git notes merge' (stored in
+	.git/NOTES_MERGE_PARTIAL) by adding the notes in
+	.git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE. The notes ref stored in the
+	.git/NOTES_MERGE_REF symref is updated to the resulting commit.
+
+--abort::
+	Abort/reset a in-progress 'git notes merge', i.e. a notes merge
+	with conflicts. This simply removes all files related to the
+	notes merge.
+
+-q::
+--quiet::
+	When merging notes, operate quietly.
+
 -v::
 --verbose::
-	Report all object names whose notes are removed.
+	When merging notes, be more verbose.
+	When pruning notes, report all object names whose notes are
+	removed.
 
 
 DISCUSSION
@@ -163,6 +214,38 @@
 `git log -p -g <refname>`.
 
 
+NOTES MERGE STRATEGIES
+----------------------
+
+The default notes merge strategy is "manual", which checks out
+conflicting notes in a special work tree for resolving notes conflicts
+(`.git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE`), and instructs the user to resolve the
+conflicts in that work tree.
+When done, the user can either finalize the merge with
+'git notes merge --commit', or abort the merge with
+'git notes merge --abort'.
+
+"ours" automatically resolves conflicting notes in favor of the local
+version (i.e. the current notes ref).
+
+"theirs" automatically resolves notes conflicts in favor of the remote
+version (i.e. the given notes ref being merged into the current notes
+ref).
+
+"union" automatically resolves notes conflicts by concatenating the
+local and remote versions.
+
+"cat_sort_uniq" is similar to "union", but in addition to concatenating
+the local and remote versions, this strategy also sorts the resulting
+lines, and removes duplicate lines from the result. This is equivalent
+to applying the "cat | sort | uniq" shell pipeline to the local and
+remote versions. This strategy is useful if the notes follow a line-based
+format where one wants to avoid duplicated lines in the merge result.
+Note that if either the local or remote version contain duplicate lines
+prior to the merge, these will also be removed by this notes merge
+strategy.
+
+
 EXAMPLES
 --------
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-pull.txt b/Documentation/git-pull.txt
index 64009de..3046691 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-pull.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-pull.txt
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 <repository> should be the name of a remote repository as
 passed to linkgit:git-fetch[1].  <refspec> can name an
 arbitrary remote ref (for example, the name of a tag) or even
-a collection of refs with corresponding remote tracking branches
+a collection of refs with corresponding remote-tracking branches
 (e.g., refs/heads/{asterisk}:refs/remotes/origin/{asterisk}),
 but usually it is the name of a branch in the remote repository.
 
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@
 in `$GIT_DIR/remotes/<origin>` file is used.
 
 In order to determine what remote branches to fetch (and
-optionally store in the tracking branches) when the command is
+optionally store in the remote-tracking branches) when the command is
 run without any refspec parameters on the command line, values
 of the configuration variable `remote.<origin>.fetch` are
 consulted, and if there aren't any, `$GIT_DIR/remotes/<origin>`
@@ -150,9 +150,9 @@
 ------------
 
 A globbing refspec must have a non-empty RHS (i.e. must store
-what were fetched in tracking branches), and its LHS and RHS
+what were fetched in remote-tracking branches), and its LHS and RHS
 must end with `/*`.  The above specifies that all remote
-branches are tracked using tracking branches in
+branches are tracked using remote-tracking branches in
 `refs/remotes/origin/` hierarchy under the same name.
 
 The rule to determine which remote branch to merge after
diff --git a/Documentation/git-read-tree.txt b/Documentation/git-read-tree.txt
index 2e78da4..634423a 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-read-tree.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-read-tree.txt
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 'git read-tree' [[-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<prefix>]
 		[-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]]
 		[--index-output=<file>] [--no-sparse-checkout]
-		<tree-ish1> [<tree-ish2> [<tree-ish3>]]
+		(--empty | <tree-ish1> [<tree-ish2> [<tree-ish3>]])
 
 
 DESCRIPTION
@@ -114,6 +114,10 @@
 	Disable sparse checkout support even if `core.sparseCheckout`
 	is true.
 
+--empty::
+	Instead of reading tree object(s) into the index, just empty
+	it.
+
 <tree-ish#>::
 	The id of the tree object(s) to be read/merged.
 
@@ -412,13 +416,6 @@
 support.
 
 
-BUGS
-----
-In order to match a directory with $GIT_DIR/info/sparse-checkout,
-trailing slash must be used. The form without trailing slash, while
-works with .gitignore, does not work with sparse checkout.
-
-
 SEE ALSO
 --------
 linkgit:git-write-tree[1]; linkgit:git-ls-files[1];
diff --git a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt
index 30e5c0e..96680c8 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt
@@ -279,6 +279,10 @@
 --no-verify::
 	This option bypasses the pre-rebase hook.  See also linkgit:githooks[5].
 
+--verify::
+	Allows the pre-rebase hook to run, which is the default.  This option can
+	be used to override --no-verify.  See also linkgit:githooks[5].
+
 -C<n>::
 	Ensure at least <n> lines of surrounding context match before
 	and after each change.  When fewer lines of surrounding
diff --git a/Documentation/git-remote-ext.txt b/Documentation/git-remote-ext.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f4fbf67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-remote-ext.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+git-remote-ext(1)
+=================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-remote-ext - Bridge smart transport to external command.
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+git remote add nick "ext::<command>[ <arguments>...]"
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+This remote helper uses the specified 'program' to connect
+to a remote git server.
+
+Data written to stdin of this specified 'program' is assumed
+to be sent to git:// server, git-upload-pack, git-receive-pack
+or git-upload-archive (depending on situation), and data read
+from stdout of this program is assumed to be received from
+the same service.
+
+Command and arguments are separated by unescaped space.
+
+The following sequences have a special meaning:
+
+'% '::
+	Literal space in command or argument.
+
+'%%'::
+	Literal percent sign.
+
+'%s'::
+	Replaced with name (receive-pack, upload-pack, or
+	upload-archive) of the service git wants to invoke.
+
+'%S'::
+	Replaced with long name (git-receive-pack,
+	git-upload-pack, or git-upload-archive) of the service
+	git wants to invoke.
+
+'%G' (must be first characters in argument)::
+	This argument will not be passed to 'program'. Instead, it
+	will cause helper to start by sending git:// service request to
+	remote side with service field set to approiate value and
+	repository field set to rest of the argument. Default is not to send
+	such request.
++
+This is useful if remote side is git:// server accessed over
+some tunnel.
+
+'%V' (must be first characters in argument)::
+	This argument will not be passed to 'program'. Instead it sets
+	the vhost field in git:// service request (to rest of the argument).
+	Default is not to send vhost in such request (if sent).
+
+ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES:
+----------------------
+
+GIT_TRANSLOOP_DEBUG::
+	If set, prints debugging information about various reads/writes.
+
+ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES PASSED TO COMMAND:
+----------------------------------------
+
+GIT_EXT_SERVICE::
+	Set to long name (git-upload-pack, etc...) of service helper needs
+	to invoke.
+
+GIT_EXT_SERVICE_NOPREFIX::
+	Set to long name (upload-pack, etc...) of service helper needs
+	to invoke.
+
+
+EXAMPLES:
+---------
+This remote helper is transparently used by git when
+you use commands such as "git fetch <URL>", "git clone <URL>",
+, "git push <URL>" or "git remote add nick <URL>", where <URL>
+begins with `ext::`.  Examples:
+
+"ext::ssh -i /home/foo/.ssh/somekey user&#64;host.example %S 'foo/repo'"::
+	Like host.example:foo/repo, but use /home/foo/.ssh/somekey as
+	keypair and user as user on remote side. This avoids needing to
+	edit .ssh/config.
+
+"ext::socat -t3600 - ABSTRACT-CONNECT:/git-server %G/somerepo"::
+	Represents repository with path /somerepo accessable over
+	git protocol at abstract namespace address /git-server.
+
+"ext::git-server-alias foo %G/repo"::
+	Represents a repository with path /repo accessed using the
+	helper program "git-server-alias foo".  The path to the
+	repository and type of request are not passed on the command
+	line but as part of the protocol stream, as usual with git://
+	protocol.
+
+"ext::git-server-alias foo %G/repo %Vfoo"::
+	Represents a repository with path /repo accessed using the
+	helper program "git-server-alias foo".  The hostname for the
+	remote server passed in the protocol stream will be "foo"
+	(this allows multiple virtual git servers to share a
+	link-level address).
+
+"ext::git-server-alias foo %G/repo% with% spaces %Vfoo"::
+	Represents a repository with path '/repo with spaces' accessed
+	using the helper program "git-server-alias foo".  The hostname for
+	the remote server passed in the protocol stream will be "foo"
+	(this allows multiple virtual git servers to share a
+	link-level address).
+
+"ext::git-ssl foo.example /bar"::
+	Represents a repository accessed using the helper program
+	"git-ssl foo.example /bar".  The type of request can be
+	determined by the helper using environment variables (see
+	above).
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Ilari Liusvaara, Jonathan Nieder and the git list
+<git@vger.kernel.org>
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-remote-fd.txt b/Documentation/git-remote-fd.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..abc4944
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-remote-fd.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+git-remote-fd(1)
+================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-remote-fd - Reflect smart transport stream back to caller
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+"fd::<infd>[,<outfd>][/<anything>]" (as URL)
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+This helper uses specified file descriptors to connect to remote git server.
+This is not meant for end users but for programs and scripts calling git
+fetch, push or archive.
+
+If only <infd> is given, it is assumed to be bidirectional socket connected
+to remote git server (git-upload-pack, git-receive-pack or
+git-upload-achive). If both <infd> and <outfd> are given, they are assumed
+to be pipes connected to remote git server (<infd> being the inbound pipe
+and <outfd> being the outbound pipe.
+
+It is assumed that any handshaking procedures have already been completed
+(such as sending service request for git://) before this helper is started.
+
+<anything> can be any string. It is ignored. It is meant for provoding
+information to user in the URL in case that URL is displayed in some
+context.
+
+ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+---------------------
+GIT_TRANSLOOP_DEBUG::
+	If set, prints debugging information about various reads/writes.
+
+EXAMPLES
+--------
+git fetch fd::17 master::
+	Fetch master, using file descriptor #17 to communicate with
+	git-upload-pack.
+
+git fetch fd::17/foo master::
+	Same as above.
+
+git push fd::7,8 master (as URL)::
+	Push master, using file descriptor #7 to read data from
+	git-receive-pack and file descriptor #8 to write data to
+	same service.
+
+git push fd::7,8/bar master::
+	Same as above.
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Ilari Liusvaara and the git list <git@vger.kernel.org>
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-remote.txt b/Documentation/git-remote.txt
index 0d28feb..c258ea4 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-remote.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-remote.txt
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
 
 'rename'::
 
-Rename the remote named <old> to <new>. All remote tracking branches and
+Rename the remote named <old> to <new>. All remote-tracking branches and
 configuration settings for the remote are updated.
 +
 In case <old> and <new> are the same, and <old> is a file under
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@
 
 'rm'::
 
-Remove the remote named <name>. All remote tracking branches and
+Remove the remote named <name>. All remote-tracking branches and
 configuration settings for the remote are removed.
 
 'set-head'::
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@
 
 'prune'::
 
-Deletes all stale tracking branches under <name>.
+Deletes all stale remote-tracking branches under <name>.
 These stale branches have already been removed from the remote repository
 referenced by <name>, but are still locally available in
 "remotes/<name>".
diff --git a/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt b/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt
index 4a27643..ff23cb0 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt
@@ -136,7 +136,12 @@
 	directory (typically a sequence of "../", or an empty string).
 
 --git-dir::
-	Show `$GIT_DIR` if defined else show the path to the .git directory.
+	Show `$GIT_DIR` if defined. Otherwise show the path to
+	the .git directory, relative to the current directory.
++
+If `$GIT_DIR` is not defined and the current directory
+is not detected to lie in a git repository or work tree
+print a message to stderr and exit with nonzero status.
 
 --is-inside-git-dir::
 	When the current working directory is below the repository
diff --git a/Documentation/git-send-email.txt b/Documentation/git-send-email.txt
index adbca12..7ec9dab 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-send-email.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-send-email.txt
@@ -82,11 +82,26 @@
 	set, as returned by "git var -l".
 
 --in-reply-to=<identifier>::
-	Specify the contents of the first In-Reply-To header.
-	Subsequent emails will refer to the previous email
-	instead of this if --chain-reply-to is set.
-	Only necessary if --compose is also set.  If --compose
-	is not set, this will be prompted for.
+	Make the first mail (or all the mails with `--no-thread`) appear as a
+	reply to the given Message-Id, which avoids breaking threads to
+	provide a new patch series.
+	The second and subsequent emails will be sent as replies according to
+	the `--[no]-chain-reply-to` setting.
++
+So for example when `--thread` and `--no-chain-reply-to` are specified, the
+second and subsequent patches will be replies to the first one like in the
+illustration below where `[PATCH v2 0/3]` is in reply to `[PATCH 0/2]`:
++
+  [PATCH 0/2] Here is what I did...
+    [PATCH 1/2] Clean up and tests
+    [PATCH 2/2] Implementation
+    [PATCH v2 0/3] Here is a reroll
+      [PATCH v2 1/3] Clean up
+      [PATCH v2 2/3] New tests
+      [PATCH v2 3/3] Implementation
++
+Only necessary if --compose is also set.  If --compose
+is not set, this will be prompted for.
 
 --subject=<string>::
 	Specify the initial subject of the email thread.
@@ -97,7 +112,7 @@
 	Specify the primary recipient of the emails generated. Generally, this
 	will be the upstream maintainer of the project involved. Default is the
 	value of the 'sendemail.to' configuration value; if that is unspecified,
-	this will be prompted for.
+	and --to-cmd is not specified, this will be prompted for.
 +
 The --to option must be repeated for each user you want on the to list.
 
@@ -165,6 +180,15 @@
 	are also accepted. The port can also be set with the
 	'sendemail.smtpserverport' configuration variable.
 
+--smtp-server-option=<option>::
+	If set, specifies the outgoing SMTP server option to use.
+	Default value can be specified by the 'sendemail.smtpserveroption'
+	configuration option.
++
+The --smtp-server-option option must be repeated for each option you want
+to pass to the server. Likewise, different lines in the configuration files
+must be used for each option.
+
 --smtp-ssl::
 	Legacy alias for '--smtp-encryption ssl'.
 
@@ -177,6 +201,12 @@
 Automating
 ~~~~~~~~~~
 
+--to-cmd=<command>::
+	Specify a command to execute once per patch file which
+	should generate patch file specific "To:" entries.
+	Output of this command must be single email address per line.
+	Default is the value of 'sendemail.tocmd' configuration value.
+
 --cc-cmd=<command>::
 	Specify a command to execute once per patch file which
 	should generate patch file specific "Cc:" entries.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-shell.txt b/Documentation/git-shell.txt
index 0f3ad81..6403126 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-shell.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-shell.txt
@@ -3,24 +3,30 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-shell - Restricted login shell for GIT-only SSH access
+git-shell - Restricted login shell for Git-only SSH access
 
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
-'$(git --exec-path)/git-shell' -c <command> <argument>
+'git shell' [-c <command> <argument>]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-This is meant to be used as a login shell for SSH accounts you want
-to restrict to GIT pull/push access only. It permits execution only
-of server-side GIT commands implementing the pull/push functionality.
-The commands can be executed only by the '-c' option; the shell is not
-interactive.
 
-Currently, only four commands are permitted to be called, 'git-receive-pack'
-'git-upload-pack' and 'git-upload-archive' with a single required argument, or
-'cvs server' (to invoke 'git-cvsserver').
+A login shell for SSH accounts to provide restricted Git access. When
+'-c' is given, the program executes <command> non-interactively;
+<command> can be one of 'git receive-pack', 'git upload-pack', 'git
+upload-archive', 'cvs server', or a command in COMMAND_DIR. The shell
+is started in interactive mode when no arguments are given; in this
+case, COMMAND_DIR must exist, and any of the executables in it can be
+invoked.
+
+'cvs server' is a special command which executes git-cvsserver.
+
+COMMAND_DIR is the path "$HOME/git-shell-commands". The user must have
+read and execute permissions to the directory in order to execute the
+programs in it. The programs are executed with a cwd of $HOME, and
+<argument> is parsed as a command-line string.
 
 Author
 ------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-tag.txt b/Documentation/git-tag.txt
index 31c78a8..8b169e3 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-tag.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-tag.txt
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 If you are following somebody else's tree, you are most likely
-using tracking branches (`refs/heads/origin` in traditional
+using remote-tracking branches (`refs/heads/origin` in traditional
 layout, or `refs/remotes/origin/master` in the separate-remote
 layout).  You usually want the tags from the other end.
 
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@
 It may well be that among networking people, they may want to
 exchange the tags internal to their group, but in that workflow
 they are most likely tracking with each other's progress by
-having tracking branches.  Again, the heuristic to automatically
+having remote-tracking branches.  Again, the heuristic to automatically
 follow such tags is a good thing.
 
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-verify-tag.txt b/Documentation/git-verify-tag.txt
index dada212..7112197 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-verify-tag.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-verify-tag.txt
@@ -15,6 +15,10 @@
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
+-v::
+--verbose::
+	Print the contents of the tag object before validating it.
+
 <tag>...::
 	SHA1 identifiers of git tag objects.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-web--browse.txt b/Documentation/git-web--browse.txt
index 51e8e0a..c0416e5 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-web--browse.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-web--browse.txt
@@ -20,8 +20,14 @@
 
 * firefox (this is the default under X Window when not using KDE)
 * iceweasel
+* seamonkey
+* iceape
+* chromium (also supported as chromium-browser)
+* google-chrome (also supported as chrome)
 * konqueror (this is the default under KDE, see 'Note about konqueror' below)
+* opera
 * w3m (this is the default outside graphical environments)
+* elinks
 * links
 * lynx
 * dillo
diff --git a/Documentation/git.txt b/Documentation/git.txt
index 0c897df..72e98aa 100644
--- a/Documentation/git.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git.txt
@@ -44,31 +44,39 @@
 branch of the `git.git` repository.
 Documentation for older releases are available here:
 
-* link:v1.7.3.2/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.3.2]
+* link:v1.7.3.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.3.4]
 
 * release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.3.4.txt[1.7.3.4],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.3.3.txt[1.7.3.3],
   link:RelNotes/1.7.3.2.txt[1.7.3.2],
   link:RelNotes/1.7.3.1.txt[1.7.3.1],
   link:RelNotes/1.7.3.txt[1.7.3].
 
-* link:v1.7.2.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.2.3]
+* link:v1.7.2.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.2.5]
 
 * release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.2.5.txt[1.7.2.5],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.2.4.txt[1.7.2.4],
   link:RelNotes/1.7.2.3.txt[1.7.2.3],
   link:RelNotes/1.7.2.2.txt[1.7.2.2],
   link:RelNotes/1.7.2.1.txt[1.7.2.1],
   link:RelNotes/1.7.2.txt[1.7.2].
 
-* link:v1.7.1.2/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.1.2]
+* link:v1.7.1.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.1.4]
 
 * release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.1.4.txt[1.7.1.4],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.1.3.txt[1.7.1.3],
   link:RelNotes/1.7.1.2.txt[1.7.1.2],
   link:RelNotes/1.7.1.1.txt[1.7.1.1],
   link:RelNotes/1.7.1.txt[1.7.1].
 
-* link:v1.7.0.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.0.7]
+* link:v1.7.0.9/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.0.9]
 
 * release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.0.9.txt[1.7.0.9],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.0.8.txt[1.7.0.8],
   link:RelNotes/1.7.0.7.txt[1.7.0.7],
   link:RelNotes/1.7.0.6.txt[1.7.0.6],
   link:RelNotes/1.7.0.5.txt[1.7.0.5],
@@ -78,16 +86,18 @@
   link:RelNotes/1.7.0.1.txt[1.7.0.1],
   link:RelNotes/1.7.0.txt[1.7.0].
 
-* link:v1.6.6.2/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.6.2]
+* link:v1.6.6.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.6.3]
 
 * release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/1.6.6.3.txt[1.6.6.3],
   link:RelNotes/1.6.6.2.txt[1.6.6.2],
   link:RelNotes/1.6.6.1.txt[1.6.6.1],
   link:RelNotes/1.6.6.txt[1.6.6].
 
-* link:v1.6.5.8/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.5.8]
+* link:v1.6.5.9/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.5.9]
 
 * release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/1.6.5.9.txt[1.6.5.9],
   link:RelNotes/1.6.5.8.txt[1.6.5.8],
   link:RelNotes/1.6.5.7.txt[1.6.5.7],
   link:RelNotes/1.6.5.6.txt[1.6.5.6],
@@ -98,9 +108,10 @@
   link:RelNotes/1.6.5.1.txt[1.6.5.1],
   link:RelNotes/1.6.5.txt[1.6.5].
 
-* link:v1.6.4.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.4.4]
+* link:v1.6.4.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.4.5]
 
 * release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/1.6.4.5.txt[1.6.4.5],
   link:RelNotes/1.6.4.4.txt[1.6.4.4],
   link:RelNotes/1.6.4.3.txt[1.6.4.3],
   link:RelNotes/1.6.4.2.txt[1.6.4.2],
@@ -285,7 +296,7 @@
 	This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_WORK_TREE
 	environment variable and the core.worktree configuration
 	variable. It can be an absolute path or relative path to
-	the directory specified by --git-dir or GIT_DIR.
+	current working directory.
 	Note: If --git-dir or GIT_DIR are specified but none of
 	--work-tree, GIT_WORK_TREE and core.worktree is specified,
 	the current working directory is regarded as the top directory
diff --git a/Documentation/gitattributes.txt b/Documentation/gitattributes.txt
index fbf507a..5a7f936 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitattributes.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitattributes.txt
@@ -62,14 +62,21 @@
 precedence), `.gitattributes` file in the same directory as the
 path in question, and its parent directories up to the toplevel of the
 work tree (the further the directory that contains `.gitattributes`
-is from the path in question, the lower its precedence).
+is from the path in question, the lower its precedence). Finally
+global and system-wide files are considered (they have the lowest
+precedence).
 
 If you wish to affect only a single repository (i.e., to assign
-attributes to files that are particular to one user's workflow), then
+attributes to files that are particular to
+one user's workflow for that repository), then
 attributes should be placed in the `$GIT_DIR/info/attributes` file.
 Attributes which should be version-controlled and distributed to other
 repositories (i.e., attributes of interest to all users) should go into
-`.gitattributes` files.
+`.gitattributes` files. Attributes that should affect all repositories
+for a single user should be placed in a file specified by the
+`core.attributesfile` configuration option (see linkgit:git-config[1]).
+Attributes for all users on a system should be placed in the
+`$(prefix)/etc/gitattributes` file.
 
 Sometimes you would need to override an setting of an attribute
 for a path to `unspecified` state.  This can be done by listing
@@ -716,6 +723,8 @@
 Set::
 
 	Notice all types of potential whitespace errors known to git.
+	The tab width is taken from the value of the `core.whitespace`
+	configuration variable.
 
 Unset::
 
@@ -723,13 +732,13 @@
 
 Unspecified::
 
-	Use the value of `core.whitespace` configuration variable to
+	Use the value of the `core.whitespace` configuration variable to
 	decide what to notice as error.
 
 String::
 
 	Specify a comma separate list of common whitespace problems to
-	notice in the same format as `core.whitespace` configuration
+	notice in the same format as the `core.whitespace` configuration
 	variable.
 
 
diff --git a/Documentation/gitdiffcore.txt b/Documentation/gitdiffcore.txt
index 5d91a7e..6af29a4 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitdiffcore.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitdiffcore.txt
@@ -227,9 +227,9 @@
 commands.
 
 When diffcore-pickaxe is in use, it checks if there are
-filepairs whose "result" side has the specified string and
-whose "origin" side does not.  Such a filepair represents "the
-string appeared in this changeset".  It also checks for the
+filepairs whose "result" side and whose "origin" side have
+different number of specified string.  Such a filepair represents
+"the string appeared in this changeset".  It also checks for the
 opposite case that loses the specified string.
 
 When `\--pickaxe-all` is not in effect, diffcore-pickaxe leaves
diff --git a/Documentation/gitmodules.txt b/Documentation/gitmodules.txt
index bcffd95..6c93202 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitmodules.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitmodules.txt
@@ -44,6 +44,14 @@
 	This config option is overridden if 'git submodule update' is given
 	the '--merge' or '--rebase' options.
 
+submodule.<name>.fetchRecurseSubmodules::
+	This option can be used to enable/disable recursive fetching of this
+	submodule. If this option is also present in the submodules entry in
+	.git/config of the superproject, the setting there will override the
+	one found in .gitmodules.
+	Both settings can be overriden on the command line by using the
+	"--[no-]recurse-submodules" option to "git fetch" and "git pull"..
+
 submodule.<name>.ignore::
 	Defines under what circumstances "git status" and the diff family show
 	a submodule as modified. When set to "all", it will never be considered
diff --git a/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt b/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt
index ecab0c0..7fe5848 100644
--- a/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@
 #
 #       new file: closing.txt
 #
-# Changed but not updated:
+# Changes not staged for commit:
 #   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
 #
 #       modified: file.txt
diff --git a/Documentation/gittutorial.txt b/Documentation/gittutorial.txt
index 1c16066..0982f74 100644
--- a/Documentation/gittutorial.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gittutorial.txt
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@
 
 Unlike the longhand form, when Alice fetches from Bob using a
 remote repository shorthand set up with 'git remote', what was
-fetched is stored in a remote tracking branch, in this case
+fetched is stored in a remote-tracking branch, in this case
 `bob/master`.  So after this:
 
 -------------------------------------
@@ -402,8 +402,8 @@
 alice$ git merge bob/master
 -------------------------------------
 
-This `merge` can also be done by 'pulling from her own remote
-tracking branch', like this:
+This `merge` can also be done by 'pulling from her own remote-tracking
+branch', like this:
 
 -------------------------------------
 alice$ git pull . remotes/bob/master
diff --git a/Documentation/glossary-content.txt b/Documentation/glossary-content.txt
index 1f029f8..f04b48e 100644
--- a/Documentation/glossary-content.txt
+++ b/Documentation/glossary-content.txt
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@
 	you have. In such these cases, you do not make a new <<def_merge,merge>>
 	<<def_commit,commit>> but instead just update to his
 	revision. This will happen frequently on a
-	<<def_tracking_branch,tracking branch>> of a remote
+	<<def_remote_tracking_branch,remote-tracking branch>> of a remote
 	<<def_repository,repository>>.
 
 [[def_fetch]]fetch::
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@
 	The default upstream <<def_repository,repository>>. Most projects have
 	at least one upstream project which they track. By default
 	'origin' is used for that purpose. New upstream updates
-	will be fetched into remote <<def_tracking_branch,tracking branches>> named
+	will be fetched into remote <<def_remote_tracking_branch,remote-tracking branches>> named
 	origin/name-of-upstream-branch, which you can see using
 	`git branch -r`.
 
@@ -349,6 +349,14 @@
 	master branch head as to-upstream branch at $URL". See also
 	linkgit:git-push[1].
 
+[[def_remote_tracking_branch]]remote-tracking branch::
+	A regular git <<def_branch,branch>> that is used to follow changes from
+	another <<def_repository,repository>>. A remote-tracking
+	branch should not contain direct modifications or have local commits
+	made to it. A remote-tracking branch can usually be
+	identified as the right-hand-side <<def_ref,ref>> in a Pull:
+	<<def_refspec,refspec>>.
+
 [[def_repository]]repository::
 	A collection of <<def_ref,refs>> together with an
 	<<def_object_database,object database>> containing all objects
@@ -418,14 +426,6 @@
 	that each contain very well defined concepts or small incremental yet
 	related changes.
 
-[[def_tracking_branch]]tracking branch::
-	A regular git <<def_branch,branch>> that is used to follow changes from
-	another <<def_repository,repository>>. A tracking
-	branch should not contain direct modifications or have local commits
-	made to it. A tracking branch can usually be
-	identified as the right-hand-side <<def_ref,ref>> in a Pull:
-	<<def_refspec,refspec>>.
-
 [[def_tree]]tree::
 	Either a <<def_working_tree,working tree>>, or a <<def_tree_object,tree
 	object>> together with the dependent <<def_blob_object,blob>> and tree objects
diff --git a/Documentation/merge-config.txt b/Documentation/merge-config.txt
index b72f533..92772e7 100644
--- a/Documentation/merge-config.txt
+++ b/Documentation/merge-config.txt
@@ -7,8 +7,10 @@
 	marker and the original text before the `=======` marker.
 
 merge.log::
-	Whether to include summaries of merged commits in newly created
-	merge commit messages. False by default.
+	In addition to branch names, populate the log message with at
+	most the specified number of one-line descriptions from the
+	actual commits that are being merged.  Defaults to false, and
+	true is a synoym for 20.
 
 merge.renameLimit::
 	The number of files to consider when performing rename detection
diff --git a/Documentation/merge-options.txt b/Documentation/merge-options.txt
index 722d704..e33e0f8 100644
--- a/Documentation/merge-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/merge-options.txt
@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@
 With --no-ff Generate a merge commit even if the merge
 resolved as a fast-forward.
 
---log::
+--log[=<n>]::
 --no-log::
 	In addition to branch names, populate the log message with
-	one-line descriptions from the actual commits that are being
-	merged.
+	one-line descriptions from at most <n> actual commits that are being
+	merged. See also linkgit:git-fmt-merge-msg[1].
 +
 With --no-log do not list one-line descriptions from the
 actual commits being merged.
diff --git a/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt b/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt
index 8676e26..595a3cf 100644
--- a/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt
+++ b/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt
@@ -40,6 +40,28 @@
 theirs;;
 	This is opposite of 'ours'.
 
+patience;;
+	With this option, 'merge-recursive' spends a little extra time
+	to avoid mismerges that sometimes occur due to unimportant
+	matching lines (e.g., braces from distinct functions).  Use
+	this when the branches to be merged have diverged wildly.
+	See also linkgit:git-diff[1] `--patience`.
+
+ignore-space-change;;
+ignore-all-space;;
+ignore-space-at-eol;;
+	Treats lines with the indicated type of whitespace change as
+	unchanged for the sake of a three-way merge.  Whitespace
+	changes mixed with other changes to a line are not ignored.
+	See also linkgit:git-diff[1] `-b`, `-w`, and
+	`--ignore-space-at-eol`.
++
+* If 'their' version only introduces whitespace changes to a line,
+  'our' version is used;
+* If 'our' version introduces whitespace changes but 'their'
+  version includes a substantial change, 'their' version is used;
+* Otherwise, the merge proceeds in the usual way.
+
 renormalize;;
 	This runs a virtual check-out and check-in of all three stages
 	of a file when resolving a three-way merge.  This option is
@@ -52,6 +74,10 @@
 	Disables the `renormalize` option.  This overrides the
 	`merge.renormalize` configuration variable.
 
+rename-threshold=<n>;;
+	Controls the similarity threshold used for rename detection.
+	See also linkgit:git-diff[1] `-M`.
+
 subtree[=<path>];;
 	This option is a more advanced form of 'subtree' strategy, where
 	the strategy makes a guess on how two trees must be shifted to
diff --git a/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt b/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt
index 42ca059..44a2ef1 100644
--- a/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@
 
 	Pretend as if all the refs in `refs/remotes` are listed
 	on the command line as '<commit>'. If '<pattern>' is given, limit
-	remote tracking branches to ones matching given shell glob.
+	remote-tracking branches to ones matching given shell glob.
 	If pattern lacks '?', '*', or '[', '/*' at the end is implied.
 
 --glob=<glob-pattern>::
diff --git a/Documentation/revisions.txt b/Documentation/revisions.txt
index 3d4b79c..9e92734 100644
--- a/Documentation/revisions.txt
+++ b/Documentation/revisions.txt
@@ -106,6 +106,12 @@
   and dereference the tag recursively until a non-tag object is
   found.
 
+* A suffix '{caret}' to a revision parameter followed by a brace
+  pair that contains a text led by a slash (e.g. `HEAD^{/fix nasty bug}`):
+  this is the same as `:/fix nasty bug` syntax below except that
+  it returns the youngest matching commit which is reachable from
+  the ref before '{caret}'.
+
 * A colon, followed by a slash, followed by a text (e.g. `:/fix nasty bug`): this names
   a commit whose commit message matches the specified regular expression.
   This name returns the youngest matching commit which is
@@ -121,6 +127,10 @@
   ':path' (with an empty part before the colon, e.g. `:README`)
   is a special case of the syntax described next: content
   recorded in the index at the given path.
+  A path starting with './' or '../' is relative to current working directory.
+  The given path will be converted to be relative to working tree's root directory.
+  This is most useful to address a blob or tree from a commit or tree that has
+  the same tree structure with the working tree.
 
 * A colon, optionally followed by a stage number (0 to 3) and a
   colon, followed by a path (e.g. `:0:README`); this names a blob object in the
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-merge.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-merge.txt
index a7e050b..9dc1bed 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-merge.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-merge.txt
@@ -17,6 +17,40 @@
    path-specific merge drivers (specified in `.gitattributes`)
    into account.
 
+Data structures
+---------------
+
+* `mmbuffer_t`, `mmfile_t`
+
+These store data usable for use by the xdiff backend, for writing and
+for reading, respectively.  See `xdiff/xdiff.h` for the definitions
+and `diff.c` for examples.
+
+* `struct ll_merge_options`
+
+This describes the set of options the calling program wants to affect
+the operation of a low-level (single file) merge.  Some options:
+
+`virtual_ancestor`::
+	Behave as though this were part of a merge between common
+	ancestors in a recursive merge.
+	If a helper program is specified by the
+	`[merge "<driver>"] recursive` configuration, it will
+	be used (see linkgit:gitattributes[5]).
+
+`variant`::
+	Resolve local conflicts automatically in favor
+	of one side or the other (as in 'git merge-file'
+	`--ours`/`--theirs`/`--union`).  Can be `0`,
+	`XDL_MERGE_FAVOR_OURS`, `XDL_MERGE_FAVOR_THEIRS`, or
+	`XDL_MERGE_FAVOR_UNION`.
+
+`renormalize`::
+	Resmudge and clean the "base", "theirs" and "ours" files
+	before merging.  Use this when the merge is likely to have
+	overlapped with a change in smudge/clean or end-of-line
+	normalization rules.
+
 Low-level (single file) merge
 -----------------------------
 
@@ -28,15 +62,24 @@
 	`.git/info/attributes` into account.  Returns 0 for a
 	clean merge.
 
-The caller:
+Calling sequence:
 
-1. allocates an mmbuffer_t variable for the result;
-2. allocates and fills variables with the file's original content
-   and two modified versions (using `read_mmfile`, for example);
-3. calls ll_merge();
-4. reads the output from result_buf.ptr and result_buf.size;
-5. releases buffers when finished (free(ancestor.ptr); free(ours.ptr);
-   free(theirs.ptr); free(result_buf.ptr);).
+* Prepare a `struct ll_merge_options` to record options.
+  If you have no special requests, skip this and pass `NULL`
+  as the `opts` parameter to use the default options.
+
+* Allocate an mmbuffer_t variable for the result.
+
+* Allocate and fill variables with the file's original content
+  and two modified versions (using `read_mmfile`, for example).
+
+* Call `ll_merge()`.
+
+* Read the merged content from `result_buf.ptr` and `result_buf.size`.
+
+* Release buffers when finished.  A simple
+  `free(ancestor.ptr); free(ours.ptr); free(theirs.ptr);
+  free(result_buf.ptr);` will do.
 
 If the modifications do not merge cleanly, `ll_merge` will return a
 nonzero value and `result_buf` will generally include a description of
@@ -47,18 +90,6 @@
 used to label the different sides of a conflict if the merge driver
 supports this.
 
-The `flag` parameter is a bitfield:
-
- - The `LL_OPT_VIRTUAL_ANCESTOR` bit indicates whether this is an
-   internal merge to consolidate ancestors for a recursive merge.
-
- - The `LL_OPT_FAVOR_MASK` bits allow local conflicts to be automatically
-   resolved in favor of one side or the other (as in 'git merge-file'
-   `--ours`/`--theirs`/`--union`).
-   They can be populated by `create_ll_flag`, whose argument can be
-   `XDL_MERGE_FAVOR_OURS`, `XDL_MERGE_FAVOR_THEIRS`, or
-   `XDL_MERGE_FAVOR_UNION`.
-
 Everything else
 ---------------
 
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-parse-options.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-parse-options.txt
index c5d141c..f6a4a36 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-parse-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-parse-options.txt
@@ -118,13 +118,16 @@
 `OPT__COLOR(&int_var, description)`::
 	Add `\--color[=<when>]` and `--no-color`.
 
-`OPT__DRY_RUN(&int_var)`::
+`OPT__DRY_RUN(&int_var, description)`::
 	Add `-n, \--dry-run`.
 
-`OPT__QUIET(&int_var)`::
+`OPT__FORCE(&int_var, description)`::
+	Add `-f, \--force`.
+
+`OPT__QUIET(&int_var, description)`::
 	Add `-q, \--quiet`.
 
-`OPT__VERBOSE(&int_var)`::
+`OPT__VERBOSE(&int_var, description)`::
 	Add `-v, \--verbose`.
 
 `OPT_GROUP(description)`::
diff --git a/Documentation/user-manual.txt b/Documentation/user-manual.txt
index fc56da6..f13a846 100644
--- a/Documentation/user-manual.txt
+++ b/Documentation/user-manual.txt
@@ -344,7 +344,8 @@
 The "master" branch that was created at the time you cloned is a copy
 of the HEAD in the repository that you cloned from.  That repository
 may also have had other branches, though, and your local repository
-keeps branches which track each of those remote branches, which you
+keeps branches which track each of those remote branches, called
+remote-tracking branches, which you
 can view using the "-r" option to linkgit:git-branch[1]:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
@@ -359,13 +360,23 @@
   origin/todo
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-You cannot check out these remote-tracking branches, but you can
-examine them on a branch of your own, just as you would a tag:
+In this example, "origin" is called a remote repository, or "remote"
+for short. The branches of this repository are called "remote
+branches" from our point of view. The remote-tracking branches listed
+above were created based on the remote branches at clone time and will
+be updated by "git fetch" (hence "git pull") and "git push". See
+<<Updating-a-repository-With-git-fetch>> for details.
+
+You might want to build on one of these remote-tracking branches
+on a branch of your own, just as you would for a tag:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git checkout -b my-todo-copy origin/todo
 ------------------------------------------------
 
+You can also check out "origin/todo" directly to examine it or
+write a one-off patch.  See <<detached-head,detached head>>.
+
 Note that the name "origin" is just the name that git uses by default
 to refer to the repository that you cloned from.
 
@@ -435,7 +446,7 @@
 origin/master
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-If you run "git fetch <remote>" later, the tracking branches for the
+If you run "git fetch <remote>" later, the remote-tracking branches for the
 named <remote> will be updated.
 
 If you examine the file .git/config, you will see that git has added
@@ -1700,7 +1711,7 @@
 into your own work.
 
 We have already seen <<Updating-a-repository-With-git-fetch,how to
-keep remote tracking branches up to date>> with linkgit:git-fetch[1],
+keep remote-tracking branches up to date>> with linkgit:git-fetch[1],
 and how to merge two branches.  So you can merge in changes from the
 original repository's master branch with:
 
@@ -1716,15 +1727,21 @@
 $ git pull origin master
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-In fact, if you have "master" checked out, then by default "git pull"
-merges from the HEAD branch of the origin repository.  So often you can
+In fact, if you have "master" checked out, then this branch has been
+configured by "git clone" to get changes from the HEAD branch of the
+origin repository.  So often you can
 accomplish the above with just a simple
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git pull
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-More generally, a branch that is created from a remote branch will pull
+This command will fetch changes from the remote branches to your
+remote-tracking branches `origin/*`, and merge the default branch into
+the current branch.
+
+More generally, a branch that is created from a remote-tracking branch
+will pull
 by default from that branch.  See the descriptions of the
 branch.<name>.remote and branch.<name>.merge options in
 linkgit:git-config[1], and the discussion of the `--track` option in
@@ -2106,7 +2123,7 @@
 $ cd work
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-Linus's tree will be stored in the remote branch named origin/master,
+Linus's tree will be stored in the remote-tracking branch named origin/master,
 and can be updated using linkgit:git-fetch[1]; you can track other
 public trees using linkgit:git-remote[1] to set up a "remote" and
 linkgit:git-fetch[1] to keep them up-to-date; see
@@ -2800,8 +2817,8 @@
 may be lost, as we saw in the previous section.
 
 [[remote-branch-configuration]]
-Configuring remote branches
----------------------------
+Configuring remote-tracking branches
+------------------------------------
 
 We saw above that "origin" is just a shortcut to refer to the
 repository that you originally cloned from.  This information is
diff --git a/GIT-VERSION-GEN b/GIT-VERSION-GEN
index d40b287..d441d88 100755
--- a/GIT-VERSION-GEN
+++ b/GIT-VERSION-GEN
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
 GVF=GIT-VERSION-FILE
-DEF_VER=v1.7.3.4
+DEF_VER=v1.7.3.GIT
 
 LF='
 '
diff --git a/INSTALL b/INSTALL
index 10a1cba..16e45f1 100644
--- a/INSTALL
+++ b/INSTALL
@@ -122,8 +122,9 @@
    Building and installing the pdf file additionally requires
    dblatex.  Version 0.2.7 with asciidoc >= 8.2.7 is known to work.
 
-   The documentation is written for AsciiDoc 7, but "make
-   ASCIIDOC8=YesPlease doc" will let you format with AsciiDoc 8.
+   The documentation is written for AsciiDoc 7, but by default
+   uses some compatibility wrappers to work on AsciiDoc 8. If you have
+   AsciiDoc 7, try "make ASCIIDOC7=YesPlease".
 
    Alternatively, pre-formatted documentation is available in
    "html" and "man" branches of the git repository itself.  For
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index ecb4e64..775ee83 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -70,6 +70,11 @@
 #
 # Define NO_STRTOK_R if you don't have strtok_r in the C library.
 #
+# Define NO_FNMATCH if you don't have fnmatch in the C library.
+#
+# Define NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD if your fnmatch function doesn't have the
+# FNM_CASEFOLD GNU extension.
+#
 # Define NO_LIBGEN_H if you don't have libgen.h.
 #
 # Define NEEDS_LIBGEN if your libgen needs -lgen when linking
@@ -162,13 +167,13 @@
 # Define NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT if your platform does not have st_blocks
 # field that counts the on-disk footprint in 512-byte blocks.
 #
-# Define ASCIIDOC8 if you want to format documentation with AsciiDoc 8
+# Define ASCIIDOC7 if you want to format documentation with AsciiDoc 7
 #
 # Define DOCBOOK_XSL_172 if you want to format man pages with DocBook XSL v1.72
 # (not v1.73 or v1.71).
 #
-# Define ASCIIDOC_NO_ROFF if your DocBook XSL escapes raw roff directives
-# (versions 1.72 and later and 1.68.1 and earlier).
+# Define ASCIIDOC_ROFF if your DocBook XSL does not escape raw roff directives
+# (versions 1.68.1 through v1.72).
 #
 # Define GNU_ROFF if your target system uses GNU groff.  This forces
 # apostrophes to be ASCII so that cut&pasting examples to the shell
@@ -270,6 +275,7 @@
 #   infodir
 #   htmldir
 #   ETC_GITCONFIG (but not sysconfdir)
+#   ETC_GITATTRIBUTES
 # can be specified as a relative path some/where/else;
 # this is interpreted as relative to $(prefix) and "git" at
 # runtime figures out where they are based on the path to the executable.
@@ -288,9 +294,11 @@
 ifeq ($(prefix),/usr)
 sysconfdir = /etc
 ETC_GITCONFIG = $(sysconfdir)/gitconfig
+ETC_GITATTRIBUTES = $(sysconfdir)/gitattributes
 else
 sysconfdir = $(prefix)/etc
 ETC_GITCONFIG = etc/gitconfig
+ETC_GITATTRIBUTES = etc/gitattributes
 endif
 lib = lib
 # DESTDIR=
@@ -398,6 +406,7 @@
 # ... and all the rest that could be moved out of bindir to gitexecdir
 PROGRAMS += $(EXTRA_PROGRAMS)
 
+PROGRAM_OBJS += daemon.o
 PROGRAM_OBJS += fast-import.o
 PROGRAM_OBJS += imap-send.o
 PROGRAM_OBJS += shell.o
@@ -422,6 +431,7 @@
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-sha1
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-sigchain
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-string-pool
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-subprocess
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-svn-fe
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-treap
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-index-version
@@ -493,6 +503,9 @@
 LIB_H += compat/cygwin.h
 LIB_H += compat/mingw.h
 LIB_H += compat/win32/pthread.h
+LIB_H += compat/win32/syslog.h
+LIB_H += compat/win32/sys/poll.h
+LIB_H += compat/win32/dirent.h
 LIB_H += csum-file.h
 LIB_H += decorate.h
 LIB_H += delta.h
@@ -514,6 +527,7 @@
 LIB_H += merge-recursive.h
 LIB_H += notes.h
 LIB_H += notes-cache.h
+LIB_H += notes-merge.h
 LIB_H += object.h
 LIB_H += pack.h
 LIB_H += pack-refs.h
@@ -604,6 +618,7 @@
 LIB_OBJS += name-hash.o
 LIB_OBJS += notes.o
 LIB_OBJS += notes-cache.o
+LIB_OBJS += notes-merge.o
 LIB_OBJS += object.o
 LIB_OBJS += pack-check.o
 LIB_OBJS += pack-refs.o
@@ -659,6 +674,7 @@
 LIB_OBJS += ws.o
 LIB_OBJS += wt-status.o
 LIB_OBJS += xdiff-interface.o
+LIB_OBJS += zlib.o
 
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/add.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/annotate.o
@@ -725,6 +741,8 @@
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/receive-pack.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/reflog.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/remote.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/remote-ext.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/remote-fd.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/replace.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/rerere.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/reset.o
@@ -843,6 +861,7 @@
 	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
 	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
 	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
+	NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
 	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.6)
 		SOCKLEN_T = int
 		NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
@@ -985,6 +1004,7 @@
 	# issue, comment out the NO_MMAP statement.
 	NO_MMAP = YesPlease
 	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
+	NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
 	SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS = YesPlease
 	SHELL_PATH = /usr/gnu/bin/bash
 	NEEDS_LIBGEN = YesPlease
@@ -1004,6 +1024,7 @@
 	# issue, comment out the NO_MMAP statement.
 	NO_MMAP = YesPlease
 	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
+	NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
 	SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS = YesPlease
 	SHELL_PATH=/usr/gnu/bin/bash
 	NEEDS_LIBGEN = YesPlease
@@ -1049,6 +1070,7 @@
 	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
 	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
 	NO_STRTOK_R = YesPlease
+	NO_FNMATCH = YesPlease
 	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
 	# NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
 	NO_ICONV = YesPlease
@@ -1061,7 +1083,6 @@
 	NO_SVN_TESTS = YesPlease
 	NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER = YesPlease
 	RUNTIME_PREFIX = YesPlease
-	NO_POSIX_ONLY_PROGRAMS = YesPlease
 	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
 	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
 	USE_WIN32_MMAP = YesPlease
@@ -1072,16 +1093,19 @@
 	NO_CURL = YesPlease
 	NO_PYTHON = YesPlease
 	BLK_SHA1 = YesPlease
+	NO_POSIX_GOODIES = UnfortunatelyYes
 	NATIVE_CRLF = YesPlease
 
 	CC = compat/vcbuild/scripts/clink.pl
 	AR = compat/vcbuild/scripts/lib.pl
 	CFLAGS =
 	BASIC_CFLAGS = -nologo -I. -I../zlib -Icompat/vcbuild -Icompat/vcbuild/include -DWIN32 -D_CONSOLE -DHAVE_STRING_H -D_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS -D_CRT_NONSTDC_NO_DEPRECATE
-	COMPAT_OBJS = compat/msvc.o compat/fnmatch/fnmatch.o compat/winansi.o compat/win32/pthread.o
-	COMPAT_CFLAGS = -D__USE_MINGW_ACCESS -DNOGDI -DHAVE_STRING_H -DHAVE_ALLOCA_H -Icompat -Icompat/fnmatch -Icompat/regex -Icompat/fnmatch -Icompat/win32 -DSTRIP_EXTENSION=\".exe\"
+	COMPAT_OBJS = compat/msvc.o compat/winansi.o \
+		compat/win32/pthread.o compat/win32/syslog.o \
+		compat/win32/sys/poll.o compat/win32/dirent.o
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS = -D__USE_MINGW_ACCESS -DNOGDI -DHAVE_STRING_H -DHAVE_ALLOCA_H -Icompat -Icompat/regex -Icompat/win32 -DSTRIP_EXTENSION=\".exe\"
 	BASIC_LDFLAGS = -IGNORE:4217 -IGNORE:4049 -NOLOGO -SUBSYSTEM:CONSOLE -NODEFAULTLIB:MSVCRT.lib
-	EXTLIBS = advapi32.lib shell32.lib wininet.lib ws2_32.lib
+	EXTLIBS = user32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib wininet.lib ws2_32.lib
 	PTHREAD_LIBS =
 	lib =
 ifndef DEBUG
@@ -1093,6 +1117,25 @@
 endif
 	X = .exe
 endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),Interix)
+	NO_SYS_POLL_H = YesPlease
+	NO_INTTYPES_H = YesPlease
+	NO_INITGROUPS = YesPlease
+	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
+	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),3.5)
+		NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
+		NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
+	endif
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.2)
+		NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
+		NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
+	endif
+endif
 ifneq (,$(findstring MINGW,$(uname_S)))
 	pathsep = ;
 	NO_PREAD = YesPlease
@@ -1104,6 +1147,7 @@
 	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
 	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
 	NO_STRTOK_R = YesPlease
+	NO_FNMATCH = YesPlease
 	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
 	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
 	OLD_ICONV = YesPlease
@@ -1114,7 +1158,6 @@
 	NO_SVN_TESTS = YesPlease
 	NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER = YesPlease
 	RUNTIME_PREFIX = YesPlease
-	NO_POSIX_ONLY_PROGRAMS = YesPlease
 	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
 	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
 	USE_WIN32_MMAP = YesPlease
@@ -1125,10 +1168,14 @@
 	NO_PYTHON = YesPlease
 	BLK_SHA1 = YesPlease
 	ETAGS_TARGET = ETAGS
-	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -D__USE_MINGW_ACCESS -DNOGDI -Icompat -Icompat/fnmatch -Icompat/win32
+	NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
+	NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
+	NO_POSIX_GOODIES = UnfortunatelyYes
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -D__USE_MINGW_ACCESS -DNOGDI -Icompat -Icompat/win32
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DSTRIP_EXTENSION=\".exe\"
-	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/mingw.o compat/fnmatch/fnmatch.o compat/winansi.o \
-		compat/win32/pthread.o
+	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/mingw.o compat/winansi.o \
+		compat/win32/pthread.o compat/win32/syslog.o \
+		compat/win32/sys/poll.o compat/win32/dirent.o
 	EXTLIBS += -lws2_32
 	PTHREAD_LIBS =
 	X = .exe
@@ -1243,9 +1290,6 @@
 endif
 EXTLIBS += -lz
 
-ifndef NO_POSIX_ONLY_PROGRAMS
-	PROGRAM_OBJS += daemon.o
-endif
 ifndef NO_OPENSSL
 	OPENSSL_LIBSSL = -lssl
 	ifdef OPENSSLDIR
@@ -1343,6 +1387,17 @@
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_STRTOK_R
 	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/strtok_r.o
 endif
+ifdef NO_FNMATCH
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -Icompat/fnmatch
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_FNMATCH
+	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/fnmatch/fnmatch.o
+else
+ifdef NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -Icompat/fnmatch
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD
+	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/fnmatch/fnmatch.o
+endif
+endif
 ifdef NO_SETENV
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_SETENV
 	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/setenv.o
@@ -1361,6 +1416,15 @@
 ifdef NO_SYS_SELECT_H
 	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_SYS_SELECT_H
 endif
+ifdef NO_SYS_POLL_H
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_SYS_POLL_H
+endif
+ifdef NO_INTTYPES_H
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_INTTYPES_H
+endif
+ifdef NO_INITGROUPS
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_INITGROUPS
+endif
 ifdef NO_MMAP
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_MMAP
 	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/mmap.o
@@ -1398,9 +1462,11 @@
 endif
 ifdef NO_INET_NTOP
 	LIB_OBJS += compat/inet_ntop.o
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_INET_NTOP
 endif
 ifdef NO_INET_PTON
 	LIB_OBJS += compat/inet_pton.o
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_INET_PTON
 endif
 
 ifdef NO_ICONV
@@ -1415,6 +1481,10 @@
 	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_DEFLATE_BOUND
 endif
 
+ifdef NO_POSIX_GOODIES
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_POSIX_GOODIES
+endif
+
 ifdef BLK_SHA1
 	SHA1_HEADER = "block-sha1/sha1.h"
 	LIB_OBJS += block-sha1/sha1.o
@@ -1519,14 +1589,15 @@
 endif
 endif
 
-ifdef ASCIIDOC8
-	export ASCIIDOC8
+ifdef ASCIIDOC7
+	export ASCIIDOC7
 endif
 
 # Shell quote (do not use $(call) to accommodate ancient setups);
 
 SHA1_HEADER_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(SHA1_HEADER))
 ETC_GITCONFIG_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(ETC_GITCONFIG))
+ETC_GITATTRIBUTES_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(ETC_GITATTRIBUTES))
 
 DESTDIR_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(DESTDIR))
 bindir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(bindir))
@@ -1611,6 +1682,8 @@
 	$(QUIET_LINK)$(CC) $(ALL_CFLAGS) -o $@ git.o \
 		$(BUILTIN_OBJS) $(ALL_LDFLAGS) $(LIBS)
 
+help.o: common-cmds.h
+
 builtin/help.o: common-cmds.h
 builtin/help.s builtin/help.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = \
 	'-DGIT_HTML_PATH="$(htmldir_SQ)"' \
@@ -1766,6 +1839,8 @@
 	xdiff/xmerge.o xdiff/xpatience.o
 VCSSVN_OBJS = vcs-svn/string_pool.o vcs-svn/line_buffer.o \
 	vcs-svn/repo_tree.o vcs-svn/fast_export.o vcs-svn/svndump.o
+VCSSVN_TEST_OBJS = test-obj-pool.o test-string-pool.o \
+	test-line-buffer.o test-treap.o
 OBJECTS := $(GIT_OBJS) $(XDIFF_OBJS) $(VCSSVN_OBJS)
 
 dep_files := $(foreach f,$(OBJECTS),$(dir $f).depend/$(notdir $f).d)
@@ -1874,13 +1949,12 @@
 builtin/bundle.o bundle.o transport.o: bundle.h
 builtin/bisect--helper.o builtin/rev-list.o bisect.o: bisect.h
 builtin/clone.o builtin/fetch-pack.o transport.o: fetch-pack.h
-builtin/grep.o: thread-utils.h
+builtin/grep.o builtin/pack-objects.o transport-helper.o: thread-utils.h
 builtin/send-pack.o transport.o: send-pack.h
 builtin/log.o builtin/shortlog.o: shortlog.h
 builtin/prune.o builtin/reflog.o reachable.o: reachable.h
 builtin/commit.o builtin/revert.o wt-status.o: wt-status.h
 builtin/tar-tree.o archive-tar.o: tar.h
-builtin/pack-objects.o: thread-utils.h
 connect.o transport.o http-backend.o: url.h
 http-fetch.o http-walker.o remote-curl.o transport.o walker.o: walker.h
 http.o http-walker.o http-push.o http-fetch.o remote-curl.o: http.h url.h
@@ -1889,10 +1963,12 @@
 	xdiff/xinclude.h xdiff/xmacros.h xdiff/xdiff.h xdiff/xtypes.h \
 	xdiff/xutils.h xdiff/xprepare.h xdiff/xdiffi.h xdiff/xemit.h
 
-$(VCSSVN_OBJS): \
+$(VCSSVN_OBJS) $(VCSSVN_TEST_OBJS): $(LIB_H) \
 	vcs-svn/obj_pool.h vcs-svn/trp.h vcs-svn/string_pool.h \
 	vcs-svn/line_buffer.h vcs-svn/repo_tree.h vcs-svn/fast_export.h \
 	vcs-svn/svndump.h
+
+test-svn-fe.o: vcs-svn/svndump.h
 endif
 
 exec_cmd.s exec_cmd.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = \
@@ -1905,6 +1981,8 @@
 
 config.s config.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = -DETC_GITCONFIG='"$(ETC_GITCONFIG_SQ)"'
 
+attr.s attr.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = -DETC_GITATTRIBUTES='"$(ETC_GITATTRIBUTES_SQ)"'
+
 http.s http.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = -DGIT_HTTP_USER_AGENT='"git/$(GIT_VERSION)"'
 
 ifdef NO_EXPAT
diff --git a/RelNotes b/RelNotes
index 39dc075..b942e49 120000
--- a/RelNotes
+++ b/RelNotes
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.3.5.txt
\ No newline at end of file
+Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.4.txt
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/abspath.c b/abspath.c
index c91a29c..91ca00f 100644
--- a/abspath.c
+++ b/abspath.c
@@ -108,10 +108,14 @@
 		if (strlcpy(buf, path, PATH_MAX) >= PATH_MAX)
 			die("Too long path: %.*s", 60, path);
 	} else {
+		size_t len;
+		const char *fmt;
 		const char *cwd = get_pwd_cwd();
 		if (!cwd)
 			die_errno("Cannot determine the current working directory");
-		if (snprintf(buf, PATH_MAX, "%s/%s", cwd, path) >= PATH_MAX)
+		len = strlen(cwd);
+		fmt = (len > 0 && is_dir_sep(cwd[len-1])) ? "%s%s" : "%s/%s";
+		if (snprintf(buf, PATH_MAX, fmt, cwd, path) >= PATH_MAX)
 			die("Too long path: %.*s", 60, path);
 	}
 	return buf;
diff --git a/archive.c b/archive.c
index f59afda..1944ed4 100644
--- a/archive.c
+++ b/archive.c
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@
 			"write the archive to this file"),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "worktree-attributes", &worktree_attributes,
 			"read .gitattributes in working directory"),
-		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose),
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, "report archived files on stderr"),
 		OPT__COMPR('0', &compression_level, "store only", 0),
 		OPT__COMPR('1', &compression_level, "compress faster", 1),
 		OPT__COMPR_HIDDEN('2', &compression_level, 2),
diff --git a/attr.c b/attr.c
index 8ba606c..6aff695 100644
--- a/attr.c
+++ b/attr.c
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #define NO_THE_INDEX_COMPATIBILITY_MACROS
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "exec_cmd.h"
 #include "attr.h"
 
 const char git_attr__true[] = "(builtin)true";
@@ -10,6 +11,8 @@
 #define ATTR__UNSET NULL
 #define ATTR__UNKNOWN git_attr__unknown
 
+static const char *attributes_file;
+
 /*
  * The basic design decision here is that we are not going to have
  * insanely large number of attributes.
@@ -462,6 +465,32 @@
 	}
 }
 
+const char *git_etc_gitattributes(void)
+{
+	static const char *system_wide;
+	if (!system_wide)
+		system_wide = system_path(ETC_GITATTRIBUTES);
+	return system_wide;
+}
+
+int git_attr_system(void)
+{
+	return !git_env_bool("GIT_ATTR_NOSYSTEM", 0);
+}
+
+int git_attr_global(void)
+{
+	return !git_env_bool("GIT_ATTR_NOGLOBAL", 0);
+}
+
+static int git_attr_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *dummy)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(var, "core.attributesfile"))
+		return git_config_pathname(&attributes_file, var, value);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static void bootstrap_attr_stack(void)
 {
 	if (!attr_stack) {
@@ -472,6 +501,25 @@
 		elem->prev = attr_stack;
 		attr_stack = elem;
 
+		if (git_attr_system()) {
+			elem = read_attr_from_file(git_etc_gitattributes(), 1);
+			if (elem) {
+				elem->origin = NULL;
+				elem->prev = attr_stack;
+				attr_stack = elem;
+			}
+		}
+
+		git_config(git_attr_config, NULL);
+		if (git_attr_global() && attributes_file) {
+			elem = read_attr_from_file(attributes_file, 1);
+			if (elem) {
+				elem->origin = NULL;
+				elem->prev = attr_stack;
+				attr_stack = elem;
+			}
+		}
+
 		if (!is_bare_repository() || direction == GIT_ATTR_INDEX) {
 			elem = read_attr(GITATTRIBUTES_FILE, 1);
 			elem->origin = strdup("");
@@ -499,7 +547,9 @@
 
 	/*
 	 * At the bottom of the attribute stack is the built-in
-	 * set of attribute definitions.  Then, contents from
+	 * set of attribute definitions, followed by the contents
+	 * of $(prefix)/etc/gitattributes and a file specified by
+	 * core.attributesfile.  Then, contents from
 	 * .gitattribute files from directories closer to the
 	 * root to the ones in deeper directories are pushed
 	 * to the stack.  Finally, at the very top of the stack
diff --git a/branch.h b/branch.h
index eed817a..4026e38 100644
--- a/branch.h
+++ b/branch.h
@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@
 void remove_branch_state(void);
 
 /*
- * Configure local branch "local" to merge remote branch "remote"
- * taken from origin "origin".
+ * Configure local branch "local" as downstream to branch "remote"
+ * from remote "origin".  Used by git branch --set-upstream.
  */
 #define BRANCH_CONFIG_VERBOSE 01
 extern void install_branch_config(int flag, const char *local, const char *origin, const char *remote);
diff --git a/builtin.h b/builtin.h
index 9bf69ee..904e067 100644
--- a/builtin.h
+++ b/builtin.h
@@ -7,15 +7,16 @@
 #include "commit.h"
 #include "notes.h"
 
+#define DEFAULT_MERGE_LOG_LEN 20
+
 extern const char git_version_string[];
 extern const char git_usage_string[];
 extern const char git_more_info_string[];
 
 extern void prune_packed_objects(int);
-extern int fmt_merge_msg(int merge_summary, struct strbuf *in,
-	struct strbuf *out);
-extern int fmt_merge_msg_shortlog(struct strbuf *in, struct strbuf *out);
-extern int commit_notes(struct notes_tree *t, const char *msg);
+extern int fmt_merge_msg(struct strbuf *in, struct strbuf *out,
+			 int merge_title, int shortlog_len);
+extern void commit_notes(struct notes_tree *t, const char *msg);
 
 struct notes_rewrite_cfg {
 	struct notes_tree **trees;
@@ -107,6 +108,8 @@
 extern int cmd_receive_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_reflog(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_remote(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_remote_ext(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_remote_fd(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_config(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_rerere(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_reset(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
diff --git a/builtin/add.c b/builtin/add.c
index 3a5fca5..12b964e 100644
--- a/builtin/add.c
+++ b/builtin/add.c
@@ -313,13 +313,13 @@
 static int ignore_add_errors, addremove, intent_to_add, ignore_missing = 0;
 
 static struct option builtin_add_options[] = {
-	OPT__DRY_RUN(&show_only),
-	OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose),
+	OPT__DRY_RUN(&show_only, "dry run"),
+	OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, "be verbose"),
 	OPT_GROUP(""),
 	OPT_BOOLEAN('i', "interactive", &add_interactive, "interactive picking"),
 	OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "patch", &patch_interactive, "interactive patching"),
 	OPT_BOOLEAN('e', "edit", &edit_interactive, "edit current diff and apply"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('f', "force", &ignored_too, "allow adding otherwise ignored files"),
+	OPT__FORCE(&ignored_too, "allow adding otherwise ignored files"),
 	OPT_BOOLEAN('u', "update", &take_worktree_changes, "update tracked files"),
 	OPT_BOOLEAN('N', "intent-to-add", &intent_to_add, "record only the fact that the path will be added later"),
 	OPT_BOOLEAN('A', "all", &addremove, "add all, noticing removal of tracked files"),
@@ -447,7 +447,8 @@
 			if (!seen[i] && pathspec[i][0]
 			    && !file_exists(pathspec[i])) {
 				if (ignore_missing) {
-					if (excluded(&dir, pathspec[i], DT_UNKNOWN))
+					int dtype = DT_UNKNOWN;
+					if (excluded(&dir, pathspec[i], &dtype))
 						dir_add_ignored(&dir, pathspec[i], strlen(pathspec[i]));
 				} else
 					die("pathspec '%s' did not match any files",
diff --git a/builtin/apply.c b/builtin/apply.c
index b719f41..14951da 100644
--- a/builtin/apply.c
+++ b/builtin/apply.c
@@ -3872,7 +3872,7 @@
 			"don't expect at least one line of context"),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "reject", &apply_with_reject,
 			"leave the rejected hunks in corresponding *.rej files"),
-		OPT__VERBOSE(&apply_verbosely),
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&apply_verbosely, "be verbose"),
 		OPT_BIT(0, "inaccurate-eof", &options,
 			"tolerate incorrectly detected missing new-line at the end of file",
 			INACCURATE_EOF),
diff --git a/builtin/blame.c b/builtin/blame.c
index f5fccc1..aa30ec5 100644
--- a/builtin/blame.c
+++ b/builtin/blame.c
@@ -1617,6 +1617,7 @@
 #define OUTPUT_SHOW_NUMBER	040
 #define OUTPUT_SHOW_SCORE      0100
 #define OUTPUT_NO_AUTHOR       0200
+#define OUTPUT_SHOW_EMAIL	0400
 
 static void emit_porcelain(struct scoreboard *sb, struct blame_entry *ent)
 {
@@ -1682,12 +1683,17 @@
 		}
 
 		printf("%.*s", length, hex);
-		if (opt & OUTPUT_ANNOTATE_COMPAT)
-			printf("\t(%10s\t%10s\t%d)", ci.author,
+		if (opt & OUTPUT_ANNOTATE_COMPAT) {
+			const char *name;
+			if (opt & OUTPUT_SHOW_EMAIL)
+				name = ci.author_mail;
+			else
+				name = ci.author;
+			printf("\t(%10s\t%10s\t%d)", name,
 			       format_time(ci.author_time, ci.author_tz,
 					   show_raw_time),
 			       ent->lno + 1 + cnt);
-		else {
+		} else {
 			if (opt & OUTPUT_SHOW_SCORE)
 				printf(" %*d %02d",
 				       max_score_digits, ent->score,
@@ -1700,9 +1706,15 @@
 				       ent->s_lno + 1 + cnt);
 
 			if (!(opt & OUTPUT_NO_AUTHOR)) {
-				int pad = longest_author - utf8_strwidth(ci.author);
+				const char *name;
+				int pad;
+				if (opt & OUTPUT_SHOW_EMAIL)
+					name = ci.author_mail;
+				else
+					name = ci.author;
+				pad = longest_author - utf8_strwidth(name);
 				printf(" (%s%*s %10s",
-				       ci.author, pad, "",
+				       name, pad, "",
 				       format_time(ci.author_time,
 						   ci.author_tz,
 						   show_raw_time));
@@ -1840,7 +1852,10 @@
 		if (!(suspect->commit->object.flags & METAINFO_SHOWN)) {
 			suspect->commit->object.flags |= METAINFO_SHOWN;
 			get_commit_info(suspect->commit, &ci, 1);
-			num = utf8_strwidth(ci.author);
+			if (*option & OUTPUT_SHOW_EMAIL)
+				num = utf8_strwidth(ci.author_mail);
+			else
+				num = utf8_strwidth(ci.author);
 			if (longest_author < num)
 				longest_author = num;
 		}
@@ -2289,6 +2304,7 @@
 		OPT_BIT('t', NULL, &output_option, "Show raw timestamp (Default: off)", OUTPUT_RAW_TIMESTAMP),
 		OPT_BIT('l', NULL, &output_option, "Show long commit SHA1 (Default: off)", OUTPUT_LONG_OBJECT_NAME),
 		OPT_BIT('s', NULL, &output_option, "Suppress author name and timestamp (Default: off)", OUTPUT_NO_AUTHOR),
+		OPT_BIT('e', "show-email", &output_option, "Show author email instead of name (Default: off)", OUTPUT_SHOW_EMAIL),
 		OPT_BIT('w', NULL, &xdl_opts, "Ignore whitespace differences", XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE),
 		OPT_STRING('S', NULL, &revs_file, "file", "Use revisions from <file> instead of calling git-rev-list"),
 		OPT_STRING(0, "contents", &contents_from, "file", "Use <file>'s contents as the final image"),
@@ -2309,8 +2325,8 @@
 	save_commit_buffer = 0;
 	dashdash_pos = 0;
 
-	parse_options_start(&ctx, argc, argv, prefix, PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH |
-			    PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ARGV0);
+	parse_options_start(&ctx, argc, argv, prefix, options,
+			    PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH | PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ARGV0);
 	for (;;) {
 		switch (parse_options_step(&ctx, options, blame_opt_usage)) {
 		case PARSE_OPT_HELP:
diff --git a/builtin/branch.c b/builtin/branch.c
index 87976f0..9e546e4 100644
--- a/builtin/branch.c
+++ b/builtin/branch.c
@@ -313,12 +313,7 @@
 					   (struct object *)commit, refname);
 	}
 
-	/* Resize buffer */
-	if (ref_list->index >= ref_list->alloc) {
-		ref_list->alloc = alloc_nr(ref_list->alloc);
-		ref_list->list = xrealloc(ref_list->list,
-				ref_list->alloc * sizeof(struct ref_item));
-	}
+	ALLOC_GROW(ref_list->list, ref_list->index + 1, ref_list->alloc);
 
 	/* Record the new item */
 	newitem = &(ref_list->list[ref_list->index++]);
@@ -621,7 +616,8 @@
 
 	struct option options[] = {
 		OPT_GROUP("Generic options"),
-		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose),
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose,
+			"show hash and subject, give twice for upstream branch"),
 		OPT_SET_INT('t', "track",  &track, "set up tracking mode (see git-pull(1))",
 			BRANCH_TRACK_EXPLICIT),
 		OPT_SET_INT( 0, "set-upstream",  &track, "change upstream info",
@@ -651,7 +647,7 @@
 		OPT_BIT('m', NULL, &rename, "move/rename a branch and its reflog", 1),
 		OPT_BIT('M', NULL, &rename, "move/rename a branch, even if target exists", 2),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN('l', NULL, &reflog, "create the branch's reflog"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('f', "force", &force_create, "force creation (when already exists)"),
+		OPT__FORCE(&force_create, "force creation (when already exists)"),
 		{
 			OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "no-merged", &merge_filter_ref,
 			"commit", "print only not merged branches",
@@ -667,6 +663,9 @@
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 
+	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
+		usage_with_options(builtin_branch_usage, options);
+
 	git_config(git_branch_config, NULL);
 
 	if (branch_use_color == -1)
diff --git a/builtin/checkout-index.c b/builtin/checkout-index.c
index 65cbee0..f1fec24 100644
--- a/builtin/checkout-index.c
+++ b/builtin/checkout-index.c
@@ -217,9 +217,9 @@
 	struct option builtin_checkout_index_options[] = {
 		OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "all", &all,
 			"checks out all files in the index"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('f', "force", &force,
-			"forces overwrite of existing files"),
-		OPT__QUIET(&quiet),
+		OPT__FORCE(&force, "forces overwrite of existing files"),
+		OPT__QUIET(&quiet,
+			"no warning for existing files and files not in index"),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "no-create", &not_new,
 			"don't checkout new files"),
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'u', "index", &newfd, NULL,
@@ -241,6 +241,9 @@
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
+	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
+		usage_with_options(builtin_checkout_index_usage,
+				   builtin_checkout_index_options);
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 	state.base_dir = "";
 	prefix_length = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
diff --git a/builtin/checkout.c b/builtin/checkout.c
index a54583b..757f9a0 100644
--- a/builtin/checkout.c
+++ b/builtin/checkout.c
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@
 	 * merge.renormalize set, too
 	 */
 	status = ll_merge(&result_buf, path, &ancestor, "base",
-			  &ours, "ours", &theirs, "theirs", 0);
+			  &ours, "ours", &theirs, "theirs", NULL);
 	free(ancestor.ptr);
 	free(ours.ptr);
 	free(theirs.ptr);
@@ -686,7 +686,7 @@
 	int patch_mode = 0;
 	int dwim_new_local_branch = 1;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT__QUIET(&opts.quiet),
+		OPT__QUIET(&opts.quiet, "suppress progress reporting"),
 		OPT_STRING('b', NULL, &opts.new_branch, "branch",
 			   "create and checkout a new branch"),
 		OPT_STRING('B', NULL, &opts.new_branch_force, "branch",
@@ -699,7 +699,7 @@
 			    2),
 		OPT_SET_INT('3', "theirs", &opts.writeout_stage, "checkout their version for unmerged files",
 			    3),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('f', "force", &opts.force, "force checkout (throw away local modifications)"),
+		OPT__FORCE(&opts.force, "force checkout (throw away local modifications)"),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN('m', "merge", &opts.merge, "perform a 3-way merge with the new branch"),
 		OPT_STRING(0, "conflict", &conflict_style, "style",
 			   "conflict style (merge or diff3)"),
@@ -784,9 +784,9 @@
 	 *   between A and B, A...B names that merge base.
 	 *
 	 *   With no paths, if <something> is _not_ a commit, no -t nor -b
-	 *   was given, and there is a tracking branch whose name is
+	 *   was given, and there is a remote-tracking branch whose name is
 	 *   <something> in one and only one remote, then this is a short-hand
-	 *   to fork local <something> from that remote tracking branch.
+	 *   to fork local <something> from that remote-tracking branch.
 	 *
 	 *   Otherwise <something> shall not be ambiguous.
 	 *   - If it's *only* a reference, treat it like case (1).
diff --git a/builtin/clean.c b/builtin/clean.c
index fb24030..4a312ab 100644
--- a/builtin/clean.c
+++ b/builtin/clean.c
@@ -48,9 +48,9 @@
 	const char *qname;
 	char *seen = NULL;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT__QUIET(&quiet),
-		OPT__DRY_RUN(&show_only),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('f', "force", &force, "force"),
+		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, "do not print names of files removed"),
+		OPT__DRY_RUN(&show_only, "dry run"),
+		OPT__FORCE(&force, "force"),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN('d', NULL, &remove_directories,
 				"remove whole directories"),
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'e', "exclude", &exclude_list, "pattern",
diff --git a/builtin/clone.c b/builtin/clone.c
index 19ed640..61e0989 100644
--- a/builtin/clone.c
+++ b/builtin/clone.c
@@ -66,6 +66,8 @@
 		    "setup as shared repository"),
 	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "recursive", &option_recursive,
 		    "initialize submodules in the clone"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "recurse_submodules", &option_recursive,
+		    "initialize submodules in the clone"),
 	OPT_STRING(0, "template", &option_template, "path",
 		   "path the template repository"),
 	OPT_STRING(0, "reference", &option_reference, "repo",
diff --git a/builtin/commit-tree.c b/builtin/commit-tree.c
index e065739..d083795 100644
--- a/builtin/commit-tree.c
+++ b/builtin/commit-tree.c
@@ -56,10 +56,12 @@
 	if (strbuf_read(&buffer, 0, 0) < 0)
 		die_errno("git commit-tree: failed to read");
 
-	if (!commit_tree(buffer.buf, tree_sha1, parents, commit_sha1, NULL)) {
-		printf("%s\n", sha1_to_hex(commit_sha1));
-		return 0;
-	}
-	else
+	if (commit_tree(buffer.buf, tree_sha1, parents, commit_sha1, NULL)) {
+		strbuf_release(&buffer);
 		return 1;
+	}
+
+	printf("%s\n", sha1_to_hex(commit_sha1));
+	strbuf_release(&buffer);
+	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/commit.c b/builtin/commit.c
index 3bcb4b7..22ba54f 100644
--- a/builtin/commit.c
+++ b/builtin/commit.c
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@
 static const char *logfile, *force_author;
 static const char *template_file;
 static char *edit_message, *use_message;
+static char *fixup_message, *squash_message;
 static int all, edit_flag, also, interactive, only, amend, signoff;
 static int quiet, verbose, no_verify, allow_empty, dry_run, renew_authorship;
 static int no_post_rewrite, allow_empty_message;
@@ -113,8 +114,8 @@
 }
 
 static struct option builtin_commit_options[] = {
-	OPT__QUIET(&quiet),
-	OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose),
+	OPT__QUIET(&quiet, "suppress summary after successful commit"),
+	OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, "show diff in commit message template"),
 
 	OPT_GROUP("Commit message options"),
 	OPT_FILENAME('F', "file", &logfile, "read log from file"),
@@ -123,6 +124,8 @@
 	OPT_CALLBACK('m', "message", &message, "MESSAGE", "specify commit message", opt_parse_m),
 	OPT_STRING('c', "reedit-message", &edit_message, "COMMIT", "reuse and edit message from specified commit"),
 	OPT_STRING('C', "reuse-message", &use_message, "COMMIT", "reuse message from specified commit"),
+	OPT_STRING(0, "fixup", &fixup_message, "COMMIT", "use autosquash formatted message to fixup specified commit"),
+	OPT_STRING(0, "squash", &squash_message, "COMMIT", "use autosquash formatted message to squash specified commit"),
 	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "reset-author", &renew_authorship, "the commit is authored by me now (used with -C-c/--amend)"),
 	OPT_BOOLEAN('s', "signoff", &signoff, "add Signed-off-by:"),
 	OPT_FILENAME('t', "template", &template_file, "use specified template file"),
@@ -573,6 +576,25 @@
 	if (!no_verify && run_hook(index_file, "pre-commit", NULL))
 		return 0;
 
+	if (squash_message) {
+		/*
+		 * Insert the proper subject line before other commit
+		 * message options add their content.
+		 */
+		if (use_message && !strcmp(use_message, squash_message))
+			strbuf_addstr(&sb, "squash! ");
+		else {
+			struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
+			struct commit *c;
+			c = lookup_commit_reference_by_name(squash_message);
+			if (!c)
+				die("could not lookup commit %s", squash_message);
+			ctx.output_encoding = get_commit_output_encoding();
+			format_commit_message(c, "squash! %s\n\n", &sb,
+					      &ctx);
+		}
+	}
+
 	if (message.len) {
 		strbuf_addbuf(&sb, &message);
 		hook_arg1 = "message";
@@ -594,6 +616,16 @@
 		strbuf_add(&sb, buffer + 2, strlen(buffer + 2));
 		hook_arg1 = "commit";
 		hook_arg2 = use_message;
+	} else if (fixup_message) {
+		struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
+		struct commit *commit;
+		commit = lookup_commit_reference_by_name(fixup_message);
+		if (!commit)
+			die("could not lookup commit %s", fixup_message);
+		ctx.output_encoding = get_commit_output_encoding();
+		format_commit_message(commit, "fixup! %s\n\n",
+				      &sb, &ctx);
+		hook_arg1 = "message";
 	} else if (!stat(git_path("MERGE_MSG"), &statbuf)) {
 		if (strbuf_read_file(&sb, git_path("MERGE_MSG"), 0) < 0)
 			die_errno("could not read MERGE_MSG");
@@ -615,6 +647,16 @@
 	else if (in_merge)
 		hook_arg1 = "merge";
 
+	if (squash_message) {
+		/*
+		 * If squash_commit was used for the commit subject,
+		 * then we're possibly hijacking other commit log options.
+		 * Reset the hook args to tell the real story.
+		 */
+		hook_arg1 = "message";
+		hook_arg2 = "";
+	}
+
 	fp = fopen(git_path(commit_editmsg), "w");
 	if (fp == NULL)
 		die_errno("could not open '%s'", git_path(commit_editmsg));
@@ -872,7 +914,7 @@
 	if (force_author && renew_authorship)
 		die("Using both --reset-author and --author does not make sense");
 
-	if (logfile || message.len || use_message)
+	if (logfile || message.len || use_message || fixup_message)
 		use_editor = 0;
 	if (edit_flag)
 		use_editor = 1;
@@ -887,48 +929,35 @@
 		die("You have nothing to amend.");
 	if (amend && in_merge)
 		die("You are in the middle of a merge -- cannot amend.");
-
+	if (fixup_message && squash_message)
+		die("Options --squash and --fixup cannot be used together");
 	if (use_message)
 		f++;
 	if (edit_message)
 		f++;
+	if (fixup_message)
+		f++;
 	if (logfile)
 		f++;
 	if (f > 1)
-		die("Only one of -c/-C/-F can be used.");
+		die("Only one of -c/-C/-F/--fixup can be used.");
 	if (message.len && f > 0)
-		die("Option -m cannot be combined with -c/-C/-F.");
+		die("Option -m cannot be combined with -c/-C/-F/--fixup.");
 	if (edit_message)
 		use_message = edit_message;
-	if (amend && !use_message)
+	if (amend && !use_message && !fixup_message)
 		use_message = "HEAD";
 	if (!use_message && renew_authorship)
 		die("--reset-author can be used only with -C, -c or --amend.");
 	if (use_message) {
-		unsigned char sha1[20];
-		static char utf8[] = "UTF-8";
 		const char *out_enc;
-		char *enc, *end;
 		struct commit *commit;
 
-		if (get_sha1(use_message, sha1))
+		commit = lookup_commit_reference_by_name(use_message);
+		if (!commit)
 			die("could not lookup commit %s", use_message);
-		commit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
-		if (!commit || parse_commit(commit))
-			die("could not parse commit %s", use_message);
-
-		enc = strstr(commit->buffer, "\nencoding");
-		if (enc) {
-			end = strchr(enc + 10, '\n');
-			enc = xstrndup(enc + 10, end - (enc + 10));
-		} else {
-			enc = utf8;
-		}
-		out_enc = git_commit_encoding ? git_commit_encoding : utf8;
-
-		if (strcmp(out_enc, enc))
-			use_message_buffer =
-				reencode_string(commit->buffer, out_enc, enc);
+		out_enc = get_commit_output_encoding();
+		use_message_buffer = logmsg_reencode(commit, out_enc);
 
 		/*
 		 * If we failed to reencode the buffer, just copy it
@@ -938,8 +967,6 @@
 		 */
 		if (use_message_buffer == NULL)
 			use_message_buffer = xstrdup(commit->buffer);
-		if (enc != utf8)
-			free(enc);
 	}
 
 	if (!!also + !!only + !!all + !!interactive > 1)
@@ -993,6 +1020,8 @@
 {
 	if (!strcasecmp(var+offset, "header"))
 		return WT_STATUS_HEADER;
+	if (!strcasecmp(var+offset, "branch"))
+		return WT_STATUS_ONBRANCH;
 	if (!strcasecmp(var+offset, "updated")
 		|| !strcasecmp(var+offset, "added"))
 		return WT_STATUS_UPDATED;
@@ -1057,7 +1086,7 @@
 	int fd;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	static struct option builtin_status_options[] = {
-		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose),
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, "be verbose"),
 		OPT_SET_INT('s', "short", &status_format,
 			    "show status concisely", STATUS_FORMAT_SHORT),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN('b', "branch", &status_show_branch,
@@ -1079,6 +1108,9 @@
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 
+	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
+		usage_with_options(builtin_status_usage, builtin_status_options);
+
 	if (null_termination && status_format == STATUS_FORMAT_LONG)
 		status_format = STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN;
 
@@ -1265,6 +1297,9 @@
 	int allow_fast_forward = 1;
 	struct wt_status s;
 
+	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
+		usage_with_options(builtin_commit_usage, builtin_commit_options);
+
 	wt_status_prepare(&s);
 	git_config(git_commit_config, &s);
 	in_merge = file_exists(git_path("MERGE_HEAD"));
diff --git a/builtin/count-objects.c b/builtin/count-objects.c
index 2bdd8eb..c37cb98 100644
--- a/builtin/count-objects.c
+++ b/builtin/count-objects.c
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@
 	unsigned long loose = 0, packed = 0, packed_loose = 0, garbage = 0;
 	off_t loose_size = 0;
 	struct option opts[] = {
-		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose),
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, "be verbose"),
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 
diff --git a/builtin/describe.c b/builtin/describe.c
index 43caff2..342129f 100644
--- a/builtin/describe.c
+++ b/builtin/describe.c
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include "exec_cmd.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "diff.h"
+#include "hash.h"
 
 #define SEEN		(1u<<0)
 #define MAX_TAGS	(FLAG_BITS - 1)
@@ -22,7 +23,8 @@
 static int longformat;
 static int abbrev = DEFAULT_ABBREV;
 static int max_candidates = 10;
-static int found_names;
+static struct hash_table names;
+static int have_util;
 static const char *pattern;
 static int always;
 static const char *dirty;
@@ -34,16 +36,44 @@
 
 
 struct commit_name {
+	struct commit_name *next;
+	unsigned char peeled[20];
 	struct tag *tag;
 	unsigned prio:2; /* annotated tag = 2, tag = 1, head = 0 */
 	unsigned name_checked:1;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	char path[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
+	const char *path;
 };
 static const char *prio_names[] = {
 	"head", "lightweight", "annotated",
 };
 
+static inline unsigned int hash_sha1(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	unsigned int hash;
+	memcpy(&hash, sha1, sizeof(hash));
+	return hash;
+}
+
+static inline struct commit_name *find_commit_name(const unsigned char *peeled)
+{
+	struct commit_name *n = lookup_hash(hash_sha1(peeled), &names);
+	while (n && !!hashcmp(peeled, n->peeled))
+		n = n->next;
+	return n;
+}
+
+static int set_util(void *chain)
+{
+	struct commit_name *n;
+	for (n = chain; n; n = n->next) {
+		struct commit *c = lookup_commit_reference_gently(n->peeled, 1);
+		if (c)
+			c->util = n;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static int replace_name(struct commit_name *e,
 			       int prio,
 			       const unsigned char *sha1,
@@ -78,31 +108,36 @@
 }
 
 static void add_to_known_names(const char *path,
-			       struct commit *commit,
+			       const unsigned char *peeled,
 			       int prio,
 			       const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
-	struct commit_name *e = commit->util;
+	struct commit_name *e = find_commit_name(peeled);
 	struct tag *tag = NULL;
 	if (replace_name(e, prio, sha1, &tag)) {
-		size_t len = strlen(path)+1;
-		free(e);
-		e = xmalloc(sizeof(struct commit_name) + len);
+		if (!e) {
+			void **pos;
+			e = xmalloc(sizeof(struct commit_name));
+			hashcpy(e->peeled, peeled);
+			pos = insert_hash(hash_sha1(peeled), e, &names);
+			if (pos) {
+				e->next = *pos;
+				*pos = e;
+			} else {
+				e->next = NULL;
+			}
+		}
 		e->tag = tag;
 		e->prio = prio;
 		e->name_checked = 0;
 		hashcpy(e->sha1, sha1);
-		memcpy(e->path, path, len);
-		commit->util = e;
+		e->path = path;
 	}
-	found_names = 1;
 }
 
 static int get_name(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
 	int might_be_tag = !prefixcmp(path, "refs/tags/");
-	struct commit *commit;
-	struct object *object;
 	unsigned char peeled[20];
 	int is_tag, prio;
 
@@ -110,16 +145,10 @@
 		return 0;
 
 	if (!peel_ref(path, peeled) && !is_null_sha1(peeled)) {
-		commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(peeled, 1);
-		if (!commit)
-			return 0;
-		is_tag = !!hashcmp(sha1, commit->object.sha1);
+		is_tag = !!hashcmp(sha1, peeled);
 	} else {
-		commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1, 1);
-		object = parse_object(sha1);
-		if (!commit || !object)
-			return 0;
-		is_tag = object->type == OBJ_TAG;
+		hashcpy(peeled, sha1);
+		is_tag = 0;
 	}
 
 	/* If --all, then any refs are used.
@@ -142,7 +171,7 @@
 		if (!prio)
 			return 0;
 	}
-	add_to_known_names(all ? path + 5 : path + 10, commit, prio, sha1);
+	add_to_known_names(all ? path + 5 : path + 10, peeled, prio, sha1);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -189,7 +218,7 @@
 			struct commit *p = parents->item;
 			parse_commit(p);
 			if (!(p->object.flags & SEEN))
-				insert_by_date(p, list);
+				commit_list_insert_by_date(p, list);
 			p->object.flags |= c->object.flags;
 			parents = parents->next;
 		}
@@ -240,7 +269,7 @@
 	if (!cmit)
 		die("%s is not a valid '%s' object", arg, commit_type);
 
-	n = cmit->util;
+	n = find_commit_name(cmit->object.sha1);
 	if (n && (tags || all || n->prio == 2)) {
 		/*
 		 * Exact match to an existing ref.
@@ -259,6 +288,11 @@
 	if (debug)
 		fprintf(stderr, "searching to describe %s\n", arg);
 
+	if (!have_util) {
+		for_each_hash(&names, set_util);
+		have_util = 1;
+	}
+
 	list = NULL;
 	cmit->object.flags = SEEN;
 	commit_list_insert(cmit, &list);
@@ -300,7 +334,7 @@
 			struct commit *p = parents->item;
 			parse_commit(p);
 			if (!(p->object.flags & SEEN))
-				insert_by_date(p, &list);
+				commit_list_insert_by_date(p, &list);
 			p->object.flags |= c->object.flags;
 			parents = parents->next;
 		}
@@ -328,7 +362,7 @@
 	qsort(all_matches, match_cnt, sizeof(all_matches[0]), compare_pt);
 
 	if (gave_up_on) {
-		insert_by_date(gave_up_on, &list);
+		commit_list_insert_by_date(gave_up_on, &list);
 		seen_commits--;
 	}
 	seen_commits += finish_depth_computation(&list, &all_matches[0]);
@@ -418,8 +452,9 @@
 		return cmd_name_rev(i + argc, args, prefix);
 	}
 
-	for_each_ref(get_name, NULL);
-	if (!found_names && !always)
+	init_hash(&names);
+	for_each_rawref(get_name, NULL);
+	if (!names.nr && !always)
 		die("No names found, cannot describe anything.");
 
 	if (argc == 0) {
diff --git a/builtin/diff.c b/builtin/diff.c
index a43d326..945e758 100644
--- a/builtin/diff.c
+++ b/builtin/diff.c
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 };
 
 static const char builtin_diff_usage[] =
-"git diff <options> <rev>{0,2} -- <path>*";
+"git diff [<options>] [<commit> [<commit>]] [--] [<path>...]";
 
 static void stuff_change(struct diff_options *opt,
 			 unsigned old_mode, unsigned new_mode,
diff --git a/builtin/fetch-pack.c b/builtin/fetch-pack.c
index dbd8b7b..b999413 100644
--- a/builtin/fetch-pack.c
+++ b/builtin/fetch-pack.c
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
 			if (parse_commit(commit))
 				return;
 
-		insert_by_date(commit, &rev_list);
+		commit_list_insert_by_date(commit, &rev_list);
 
 		if (!(commit->object.flags & COMMON))
 			non_common_revs++;
@@ -436,7 +436,7 @@
 	if (o && o->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
 		struct commit *commit = (struct commit *)o;
 		commit->object.flags |= COMPLETE;
-		insert_by_date(commit, &complete);
+		commit_list_insert_by_date(commit, &complete);
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/fetch.c b/builtin/fetch.c
index d35f000..357f3cd 100644
--- a/builtin/fetch.c
+++ b/builtin/fetch.c
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "sigchain.h"
 #include "transport.h"
+#include "submodule.h"
 
 static const char * const builtin_fetch_usage[] = {
 	"git fetch [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]",
@@ -27,13 +28,20 @@
 	TAGS_SET = 2
 };
 
+enum {
+	RECURSE_SUBMODULES_OFF = 0,
+	RECURSE_SUBMODULES_DEFAULT = 1,
+	RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON = 2
+};
+
 static int all, append, dry_run, force, keep, multiple, prune, update_head_ok, verbosity;
-static int progress;
+static int progress, recurse_submodules = RECURSE_SUBMODULES_DEFAULT;
 static int tags = TAGS_DEFAULT;
 static const char *depth;
 static const char *upload_pack;
 static struct strbuf default_rla = STRBUF_INIT;
 static struct transport *transport;
+static const char *submodule_prefix = "";
 
 static struct option builtin_fetch_options[] = {
 	OPT__VERBOSITY(&verbosity),
@@ -43,8 +51,7 @@
 		    "append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting"),
 	OPT_STRING(0, "upload-pack", &upload_pack, "PATH",
 		   "path to upload pack on remote end"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('f', "force", &force,
-		    "force overwrite of local branch"),
+	OPT__FORCE(&force, "force overwrite of local branch"),
 	OPT_BOOLEAN('m', "multiple", &multiple,
 		    "fetch from multiple remotes"),
 	OPT_SET_INT('t', "tags", &tags,
@@ -52,7 +59,10 @@
 	OPT_SET_INT('n', NULL, &tags,
 		    "do not fetch all tags (--no-tags)", TAGS_UNSET),
 	OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "prune", &prune,
-		    "prune tracking branches no longer on remote"),
+		    "prune remote-tracking branches no longer on remote"),
+	OPT_SET_INT(0, "recurse-submodules", &recurse_submodules,
+		    "control recursive fetching of submodules",
+		    RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON),
 	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "dry-run", &dry_run,
 		    "dry run"),
 	OPT_BOOLEAN('k', "keep", &keep, "keep downloaded pack"),
@@ -61,6 +71,8 @@
 	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "progress", &progress, "force progress reporting"),
 	OPT_STRING(0, "depth", &depth, "DEPTH",
 		   "deepen history of shallow clone"),
+	{ OPTION_STRING, 0, "submodule-prefix", &submodule_prefix, "DIR",
+		   "prepend this to submodule path output", PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN },
 	OPT_END()
 };
 
@@ -98,7 +110,7 @@
 			continue;
 
 		/*
-		 * Not fetched to a tracking branch?  We need to fetch
+		 * Not fetched to a remote-tracking branch?  We need to fetch
 		 * it anyway to allow this branch's "branch.$name.merge"
 		 * to be honored by 'git pull', but we do not have to
 		 * fail if branch.$name.merge is misconfigured to point
@@ -359,7 +371,7 @@
 			what = rm->name + 10;
 		}
 		else if (!prefixcmp(rm->name, "refs/remotes/")) {
-			kind = "remote branch";
+			kind = "remote-tracking branch";
 			what = rm->name + 13;
 		}
 		else {
@@ -784,28 +796,36 @@
 	return 1;
 }
 
+static void add_options_to_argv(int *argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	if (dry_run)
+		argv[(*argc)++] = "--dry-run";
+	if (prune)
+		argv[(*argc)++] = "--prune";
+	if (update_head_ok)
+		argv[(*argc)++] = "--update-head-ok";
+	if (force)
+		argv[(*argc)++] = "--force";
+	if (keep)
+		argv[(*argc)++] = "--keep";
+	if (recurse_submodules == RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON)
+		argv[(*argc)++] = "--recurse-submodules";
+	if (verbosity >= 2)
+		argv[(*argc)++] = "-v";
+	if (verbosity >= 1)
+		argv[(*argc)++] = "-v";
+	else if (verbosity < 0)
+		argv[(*argc)++] = "-q";
+
+}
+
 static int fetch_multiple(struct string_list *list)
 {
 	int i, result = 0;
-	const char *argv[11] = { "fetch", "--append" };
+	const char *argv[12] = { "fetch", "--append" };
 	int argc = 2;
 
-	if (dry_run)
-		argv[argc++] = "--dry-run";
-	if (prune)
-		argv[argc++] = "--prune";
-	if (update_head_ok)
-		argv[argc++] = "--update-head-ok";
-	if (force)
-		argv[argc++] = "--force";
-	if (keep)
-		argv[argc++] = "--keep";
-	if (verbosity >= 2)
-		argv[argc++] = "-v";
-	if (verbosity >= 1)
-		argv[argc++] = "-v";
-	else if (verbosity < 0)
-		argv[argc++] = "-q";
+	add_options_to_argv(&argc, argv);
 
 	if (!append && !dry_run) {
 		int errcode = truncate_fetch_head();
@@ -926,6 +946,21 @@
 		}
 	}
 
+	if (!result && (recurse_submodules != RECURSE_SUBMODULES_OFF)) {
+		const char *options[10];
+		int num_options = 0;
+		/* Set recursion as default when we already are recursing */
+		if (submodule_prefix[0])
+			set_config_fetch_recurse_submodules(1);
+		gitmodules_config();
+		git_config(submodule_config, NULL);
+		add_options_to_argv(&num_options, options);
+		result = fetch_populated_submodules(num_options, options,
+						    submodule_prefix,
+						    recurse_submodules == RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON,
+						    verbosity < 0);
+	}
+
 	/* All names were strdup()ed or strndup()ed */
 	list.strdup_strings = 1;
 	string_list_clear(&list, 0);
diff --git a/builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c b/builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c
index e7e12ee..5189b16 100644
--- a/builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c
+++ b/builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c
@@ -7,21 +7,22 @@
 #include "string-list.h"
 
 static const char * const fmt_merge_msg_usage[] = {
-	"git fmt-merge-msg [-m <message>] [--log|--no-log] [--file <file>]",
+	"git fmt-merge-msg [-m <message>] [--log[=<n>]|--no-log] [--file <file>]",
 	NULL
 };
 
-static int merge_summary;
+static int shortlog_len;
 
 static int fmt_merge_msg_config(const char *key, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
-	static int found_merge_log = 0;
-	if (!strcmp("merge.log", key)) {
-		found_merge_log = 1;
-		merge_summary = git_config_bool(key, value);
+	if (!strcmp(key, "merge.log") || !strcmp(key, "merge.summary")) {
+		int is_bool;
+		shortlog_len = git_config_bool_or_int(key, value, &is_bool);
+		if (!is_bool && shortlog_len < 0)
+			return error("%s: negative length %s", key, value);
+		if (is_bool && shortlog_len)
+			shortlog_len = DEFAULT_MERGE_LOG_LEN;
 	}
-	if (!found_merge_log && !strcmp("merge.summary", key))
-		merge_summary = git_config_bool(key, value);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -99,8 +100,8 @@
 		origin = line;
 		string_list_append(&src_data->tag, origin + 4);
 		src_data->head_status |= 2;
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(line, "remote branch ")) {
-		origin = line + 14;
+	} else if (!prefixcmp(line, "remote-tracking branch ")) {
+		origin = line + strlen("remote-tracking branch ");
 		string_list_append(&src_data->r_branch, origin);
 		src_data->head_status |= 2;
 	} else {
@@ -232,7 +233,7 @@
 		if (src_data->r_branch.nr) {
 			strbuf_addstr(out, subsep);
 			subsep = ", ";
-			print_joined("remote branch ", "remote branches ",
+			print_joined("remote-tracking branch ", "remote-tracking branches ",
 					&src_data->r_branch, out);
 		}
 		if (src_data->tag.nr) {
@@ -255,9 +256,9 @@
 		strbuf_addf(out, " into %s\n", current_branch);
 }
 
-static int do_fmt_merge_msg(int merge_title, int merge_summary,
-	struct strbuf *in, struct strbuf *out) {
-	int limit = 20, i = 0, pos = 0;
+static int do_fmt_merge_msg(int merge_title, struct strbuf *in,
+	struct strbuf *out, int shortlog_len) {
+	int i = 0, pos = 0;
 	unsigned char head_sha1[20];
 	const char *current_branch;
 
@@ -288,7 +289,7 @@
 	if (merge_title)
 		do_fmt_merge_msg_title(out, current_branch);
 
-	if (merge_summary) {
+	if (shortlog_len) {
 		struct commit *head;
 		struct rev_info rev;
 
@@ -303,17 +304,14 @@
 
 		for (i = 0; i < origins.nr; i++)
 			shortlog(origins.items[i].string, origins.items[i].util,
-					head, &rev, limit, out);
+					head, &rev, shortlog_len, out);
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int fmt_merge_msg(int merge_summary, struct strbuf *in, struct strbuf *out) {
-	return do_fmt_merge_msg(1, merge_summary, in, out);
-}
-
-int fmt_merge_msg_shortlog(struct strbuf *in, struct strbuf *out) {
-	return do_fmt_merge_msg(0, 1, in, out);
+int fmt_merge_msg(struct strbuf *in, struct strbuf *out,
+		  int merge_title, int shortlog_len) {
+	return do_fmt_merge_msg(merge_title, in, out, shortlog_len);
 }
 
 int cmd_fmt_merge_msg(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
@@ -321,10 +319,13 @@
 	const char *inpath = NULL;
 	const char *message = NULL;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "log",     &merge_summary, "populate log with the shortlog"),
-		{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 0, "summary", &merge_summary, NULL,
+		{ OPTION_INTEGER, 0, "log", &shortlog_len, "n",
+		  "populate log with at most <n> entries from shortlog",
+		  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, DEFAULT_MERGE_LOG_LEN },
+		{ OPTION_INTEGER, 0, "summary", &shortlog_len, "n",
 		  "alias for --log (deprecated)",
-		  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN },
+		  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG | PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN, NULL,
+		  DEFAULT_MERGE_LOG_LEN },
 		OPT_STRING('m', "message", &message, "text",
 			"use <text> as start of message"),
 		OPT_FILENAME('F', "file", &inpath, "file to read from"),
@@ -340,12 +341,14 @@
 			     0);
 	if (argc > 0)
 		usage_with_options(fmt_merge_msg_usage, options);
-	if (message && !merge_summary) {
+	if (message && !shortlog_len) {
 		char nl = '\n';
 		write_in_full(STDOUT_FILENO, message, strlen(message));
 		write_in_full(STDOUT_FILENO, &nl, 1);
 		return 0;
 	}
+	if (shortlog_len < 0)
+		die("Negative --log=%d", shortlog_len);
 
 	if (inpath && strcmp(inpath, "-")) {
 		in = fopen(inpath, "r");
@@ -355,12 +358,13 @@
 
 	if (strbuf_read(&input, fileno(in), 0) < 0)
 		die_errno("could not read input file");
-	if (message) {
+
+	if (message)
 		strbuf_addstr(&output, message);
-		ret = fmt_merge_msg_shortlog(&input, &output);
-	} else {
-		ret = fmt_merge_msg(merge_summary, &input, &output);
-	}
+	ret = fmt_merge_msg(&input, &output,
+			    message ? 0 : 1,
+			    shortlog_len);
+
 	if (ret)
 		return ret;
 	write_in_full(STDOUT_FILENO, output.buf, output.len);
diff --git a/builtin/fsck.c b/builtin/fsck.c
index 0929c7f..6d5ebca 100644
--- a/builtin/fsck.c
+++ b/builtin/fsck.c
@@ -572,7 +572,7 @@
 };
 
 static struct option fsck_opts[] = {
-	OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose),
+	OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, "be verbose"),
 	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "unreachable", &show_unreachable, "show unreachable objects"),
 	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "tags", &show_tags, "report tags"),
 	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "root", &show_root, "report root nodes"),
diff --git a/builtin/gc.c b/builtin/gc.c
index c304638..1a80702 100644
--- a/builtin/gc.c
+++ b/builtin/gc.c
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@
 	char buf[80];
 
 	struct option builtin_gc_options[] = {
-		OPT__QUIET(&quiet),
+		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, "suppress progress reporting"),
 		{ OPTION_STRING, 0, "prune", &prune_expire, "date",
 			"prune unreferenced objects",
 			PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t)prune_expire },
@@ -189,6 +189,9 @@
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
+	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
+		usage_with_options(builtin_gc_usage, builtin_gc_options);
+
 	git_config(gc_config, NULL);
 
 	if (pack_refs < 0)
diff --git a/builtin/grep.c b/builtin/grep.c
index 3d5f6ac..fdf7131 100644
--- a/builtin/grep.c
+++ b/builtin/grep.c
@@ -17,11 +17,7 @@
 #include "grep.h"
 #include "quote.h"
 #include "dir.h"
-
-#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
-#include <pthread.h>
 #include "thread-utils.h"
-#endif
 
 static char const * const grep_usage[] = {
 	"git grep [options] [-e] <pattern> [<rev>...] [[--] <path>...]",
@@ -915,8 +911,8 @@
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, ')', NULL, &opt, NULL, "",
 		  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_NODASH,
 		  close_callback },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('q', "quiet", &opt.status_only,
-			    "indicate hit with exit status without output"),
+		OPT__QUIET(&opt.status_only,
+			   "indicate hit with exit status without output"),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "all-match", &opt.all_match,
 			"show only matches from files that match all patterns"),
 		OPT_GROUP(""),
diff --git a/builtin/init-db.c b/builtin/init-db.c
index 9d4886c..e3af9ea 100644
--- a/builtin/init-db.c
+++ b/builtin/init-db.c
@@ -414,6 +414,7 @@
 int cmd_init_db(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	const char *git_dir;
+	const char *work_tree;
 	const char *template_dir = NULL;
 	unsigned int flags = 0;
 	const struct option init_db_options[] = {
@@ -480,8 +481,8 @@
 	 * without --bare.  Catch the error early.
 	 */
 	git_dir = getenv(GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
-	if ((!git_dir || is_bare_repository_cfg == 1)
-	    && getenv(GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT))
+	work_tree = getenv(GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT);
+	if ((!git_dir || is_bare_repository_cfg == 1) && work_tree)
 		die("%s (or --work-tree=<directory>) not allowed without "
 		    "specifying %s (or --git-dir=<directory>)",
 		    GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT,
@@ -510,10 +511,18 @@
 			if (!getcwd(git_work_tree_cfg, PATH_MAX))
 				die_errno ("Cannot access current working directory");
 		}
+		if (work_tree)
+			set_git_work_tree(make_absolute_path(work_tree));
+		else
+			set_git_work_tree(git_work_tree_cfg);
 		if (access(get_git_work_tree(), X_OK))
 			die_errno ("Cannot access work tree '%s'",
 				   get_git_work_tree());
 	}
+	else {
+		if (work_tree)
+			set_git_work_tree(make_absolute_path(work_tree));
+	}
 
 	set_git_dir(make_absolute_path(git_dir));
 
diff --git a/builtin/log.c b/builtin/log.c
index eaa1ee0..d8c6c28 100644
--- a/builtin/log.c
+++ b/builtin/log.c
@@ -329,8 +329,7 @@
 	struct strbuf out = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	pp_user_info("Tagger", rev->commit_format, &out, buf, rev->date_mode,
-		git_log_output_encoding ?
-		git_log_output_encoding: git_commit_encoding);
+		get_log_output_encoding());
 	printf("%s", out.buf);
 	strbuf_release(&out);
 }
@@ -1056,8 +1055,7 @@
 	rev.commit_format = CMIT_FMT_EMAIL;
 	rev.verbose_header = 1;
 	rev.diff = 1;
-	rev.combine_merges = 0;
-	rev.ignore_merges = 1;
+	rev.no_merges = 1;
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&rev.diffopt, RECURSIVE);
 	rev.subject_prefix = fmt_patch_subject_prefix;
 	memset(&s_r_opt, 0, sizeof(s_r_opt));
@@ -1160,6 +1158,8 @@
 
 	if (!use_stdout)
 		output_directory = set_outdir(prefix, output_directory);
+	else
+		setup_pager();
 
 	if (output_directory) {
 		if (use_stdout)
@@ -1228,10 +1228,6 @@
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		/* ignore merges */
-		if (commit->parents && commit->parents->next)
-			continue;
-
 		if (ignore_if_in_upstream &&
 				has_commit_patch_id(commit, &ids))
 			continue;
@@ -1370,7 +1366,7 @@
 
 	struct option options[] = {
 		OPT__ABBREV(&abbrev),
-		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose),
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, "be verbose"),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
diff --git a/builtin/ls-files.c b/builtin/ls-files.c
index 6a307ab..fb2d5f4 100644
--- a/builtin/ls-files.c
+++ b/builtin/ls-files.c
@@ -530,6 +530,9 @@
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
+	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
+		usage_with_options(ls_files_usage, builtin_ls_files_options);
+
 	memset(&dir, 0, sizeof(dir));
 	prefix = cmd_prefix;
 	if (prefix)
diff --git a/builtin/mailinfo.c b/builtin/mailinfo.c
index 2320d98..71e6262 100644
--- a/builtin/mailinfo.c
+++ b/builtin/mailinfo.c
@@ -1032,7 +1032,7 @@
 	 */
 	git_config(git_mailinfo_config, NULL);
 
-	def_charset = (git_commit_encoding ? git_commit_encoding : "UTF-8");
+	def_charset = get_commit_output_encoding();
 	metainfo_charset = def_charset;
 
 	while (1 < argc && argv[1][0] == '-') {
diff --git a/builtin/merge-file.c b/builtin/merge-file.c
index 6c4afb5..237abd3 100644
--- a/builtin/merge-file.c
+++ b/builtin/merge-file.c
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
 			    XDL_MERGE_FAVOR_UNION),
 		OPT_INTEGER(0, "marker-size", &xmp.marker_size,
 			    "for conflicts, use this marker size"),
-		OPT__QUIET(&quiet),
+		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, "do not warn about conflicts"),
 		OPT_CALLBACK('L', NULL, names, "name",
 			     "set labels for file1/orig_file/file2", &label_cb),
 		OPT_END(),
diff --git a/builtin/merge-recursive.c b/builtin/merge-recursive.c
index 78b9db7..c33091b 100644
--- a/builtin/merge-recursive.c
+++ b/builtin/merge-recursive.c
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #include "commit.h"
 #include "tag.h"
 #include "merge-recursive.h"
+#include "xdiff-interface.h"
 
 static const char builtin_merge_recursive_usage[] =
 	"git %s <base>... -- <head> <remote> ...";
@@ -40,19 +41,7 @@
 		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--")) {
 			if (!arg[2])
 				break;
-			if (!strcmp(arg+2, "ours"))
-				o.recursive_variant = MERGE_RECURSIVE_OURS;
-			else if (!strcmp(arg+2, "theirs"))
-				o.recursive_variant = MERGE_RECURSIVE_THEIRS;
-			else if (!strcmp(arg+2, "subtree"))
-				o.subtree_shift = "";
-			else if (!prefixcmp(arg+2, "subtree="))
-				o.subtree_shift = arg + 10;
-			else if (!strcmp(arg+2, "renormalize"))
-				o.renormalize = 1;
-			else if (!strcmp(arg+2, "no-renormalize"))
-				o.renormalize = 0;
-			else
+			if (parse_merge_opt(&o, arg + 2))
 				die("Unknown option %s", arg);
 			continue;
 		}
diff --git a/builtin/merge.c b/builtin/merge.c
index d0bd651..42fff38 100644
--- a/builtin/merge.c
+++ b/builtin/merge.c
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
 	NULL
 };
 
-static int show_diffstat = 1, option_log, squash;
+static int show_diffstat = 1, shortlog_len, squash;
 static int option_commit = 1, allow_fast_forward = 1;
 static int fast_forward_only;
 static int allow_trivial = 1, have_message;
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@
 static int option_renormalize;
 static int verbosity;
 static int allow_rerere_auto;
+static int abort_current_merge;
 
 static struct strategy all_strategy[] = {
 	{ "recursive",  DEFAULT_TWOHEAD | NO_TRIVIAL },
@@ -177,8 +178,9 @@
 	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "stat", &show_diffstat,
 		"show a diffstat at the end of the merge"),
 	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "summary", &show_diffstat, "(synonym to --stat)"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "log", &option_log,
-		"add list of one-line log to merge commit message"),
+	{ OPTION_INTEGER, 0, "log", &shortlog_len, "n",
+	  "add (at most <n>) entries from shortlog to merge commit message",
+	  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, DEFAULT_MERGE_LOG_LEN },
 	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "squash", &squash,
 		"create a single commit instead of doing a merge"),
 	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "commit", &option_commit,
@@ -196,6 +198,8 @@
 		"message to be used for the merge commit (if any)",
 		option_parse_message),
 	OPT__VERBOSITY(&verbosity),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "abort", &abort_current_merge,
+		"abort the current in-progress merge"),
 	OPT_END()
 };
 
@@ -420,7 +424,7 @@
 			goto cleanup;
 		}
 		if (!prefixcmp(found_ref, "refs/remotes/")) {
-			strbuf_addf(msg, "%s\t\tremote branch '%s' of .\n",
+			strbuf_addf(msg, "%s\t\tremote-tracking branch '%s' of .\n",
 				    sha1_to_hex(branch_head), remote);
 			goto cleanup;
 		}
@@ -522,10 +526,17 @@
 		return git_config_string(&pull_twohead, k, v);
 	else if (!strcmp(k, "pull.octopus"))
 		return git_config_string(&pull_octopus, k, v);
-	else if (!strcmp(k, "merge.log") || !strcmp(k, "merge.summary"))
-		option_log = git_config_bool(k, v);
 	else if (!strcmp(k, "merge.renormalize"))
 		option_renormalize = git_config_bool(k, v);
+	else if (!strcmp(k, "merge.log") || !strcmp(k, "merge.summary")) {
+		int is_bool;
+		shortlog_len = git_config_bool_or_int(k, v, &is_bool);
+		if (!is_bool && shortlog_len < 0)
+			return error("%s: negative length %s", k, v);
+		if (is_bool && shortlog_len)
+			shortlog_len = DEFAULT_MERGE_LOG_LEN;
+		return 0;
+	}
 	return git_diff_ui_config(k, v, cb);
 }
 
@@ -649,25 +660,9 @@
 
 		o.renormalize = option_renormalize;
 
-		/*
-		 * NEEDSWORK: merge with table in builtin/merge-recursive
-		 */
-		for (x = 0; x < xopts_nr; x++) {
-			if (!strcmp(xopts[x], "ours"))
-				o.recursive_variant = MERGE_RECURSIVE_OURS;
-			else if (!strcmp(xopts[x], "theirs"))
-				o.recursive_variant = MERGE_RECURSIVE_THEIRS;
-			else if (!strcmp(xopts[x], "subtree"))
-				o.subtree_shift = "";
-			else if (!prefixcmp(xopts[x], "subtree="))
-				o.subtree_shift = xopts[x]+8;
-			else if (!strcmp(xopts[x], "renormalize"))
-				o.renormalize = 1;
-			else if (!strcmp(xopts[x], "no-renormalize"))
-				o.renormalize = 0;
-			else
+		for (x = 0; x < xopts_nr; x++)
+			if (parse_merge_opt(&o, xopts[x]))
 				die("Unknown option for merge-recursive: -X%s", xopts[x]);
-		}
 
 		o.branch1 = head_arg;
 		o.branch2 = remoteheads->item->util;
@@ -927,22 +922,9 @@
 	const char *best_strategy = NULL, *wt_strategy = NULL;
 	struct commit_list **remotes = &remoteheads;
 
-	if (read_cache_unmerged()) {
-		die_resolve_conflict("merge");
-	}
-	if (file_exists(git_path("MERGE_HEAD"))) {
-		/*
-		 * There is no unmerged entry, don't advise 'git
-		 * add/rm <file>', just 'git commit'.
-		 */
-		if (advice_resolve_conflict)
-			die("You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
-			    "Please, commit your changes before you can merge.");
-		else
-			die("You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).");
-	}
+	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
+		usage_with_options(builtin_merge_usage, builtin_merge_options);
 
-	resolve_undo_clear();
 	/*
 	 * Check if we are _not_ on a detached HEAD, i.e. if there is a
 	 * current branch.
@@ -961,6 +943,34 @@
 
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, builtin_merge_options,
 			builtin_merge_usage, 0);
+
+	if (abort_current_merge) {
+		int nargc = 2;
+		const char *nargv[] = {"reset", "--merge", NULL};
+
+		if (!file_exists(git_path("MERGE_HEAD")))
+			die("There is no merge to abort (MERGE_HEAD missing).");
+
+		/* Invoke 'git reset --merge' */
+		return cmd_reset(nargc, nargv, prefix);
+	}
+
+	if (read_cache_unmerged())
+		die_resolve_conflict("merge");
+
+	if (file_exists(git_path("MERGE_HEAD"))) {
+		/*
+		 * There is no unmerged entry, don't advise 'git
+		 * add/rm <file>', just 'git commit'.
+		 */
+		if (advice_resolve_conflict)
+			die("You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
+			    "Please, commit your changes before you can merge.");
+		else
+			die("You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).");
+	}
+	resolve_undo_clear();
+
 	if (verbosity < 0)
 		show_diffstat = 0;
 
@@ -1030,14 +1040,12 @@
 		for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
 			merge_name(argv[i], &merge_names);
 
-		if (have_message && option_log)
-			fmt_merge_msg_shortlog(&merge_names, &merge_msg);
-		else if (!have_message)
-			fmt_merge_msg(option_log, &merge_names, &merge_msg);
-
-
-		if (!(have_message && !option_log) && merge_msg.len)
-			strbuf_setlen(&merge_msg, merge_msg.len-1);
+		if (!have_message || shortlog_len) {
+			fmt_merge_msg(&merge_names, &merge_msg, !have_message,
+				      shortlog_len);
+			if (merge_msg.len)
+				strbuf_setlen(&merge_msg, merge_msg.len - 1);
+		}
 	}
 
 	if (head_invalid || !argc)
diff --git a/builtin/mv.c b/builtin/mv.c
index cdbb094..93e8995 100644
--- a/builtin/mv.c
+++ b/builtin/mv.c
@@ -55,8 +55,8 @@
 	int i, newfd;
 	int verbose = 0, show_only = 0, force = 0, ignore_errors = 0;
 	struct option builtin_mv_options[] = {
-		OPT__DRY_RUN(&show_only),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('f', "force", &force, "force move/rename even if target exists"),
+		OPT__DRY_RUN(&show_only, "dry run"),
+		OPT__FORCE(&force, "force move/rename even if target exists"),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN('k', NULL, &ignore_errors, "skip move/rename errors"),
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
diff --git a/builtin/notes.c b/builtin/notes.c
index 6d07aac..4d5556e 100644
--- a/builtin/notes.c
+++ b/builtin/notes.c
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
+#include "notes-merge.h"
 
 static const char * const git_notes_usage[] = {
 	"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] [list [<object>]]",
@@ -25,8 +26,12 @@
 	"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] append [-m <msg> | -F <file> | (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]",
 	"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] edit [<object>]",
 	"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] show [<object>]",
+	"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy> ] <notes_ref>",
+	"git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]",
+	"git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]",
 	"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] remove [<object>]",
 	"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] prune [-n | -v]",
+	"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] get-ref",
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -61,6 +66,13 @@
 	NULL
 };
 
+static const char * const git_notes_merge_usage[] = {
+	"git notes merge [<options>] <notes_ref>",
+	"git notes merge --commit [<options>]",
+	"git notes merge --abort [<options>]",
+	NULL
+};
+
 static const char * const git_notes_remove_usage[] = {
 	"git notes remove [<object>]",
 	NULL
@@ -71,6 +83,11 @@
 	NULL
 };
 
+static const char * const git_notes_get_ref_usage[] = {
+	"git notes get-ref",
+	NULL
+};
+
 static const char note_template[] =
 	"\n"
 	"#\n"
@@ -83,6 +100,16 @@
 	struct strbuf buf;
 };
 
+static void expand_notes_ref(struct strbuf *sb)
+{
+	if (!prefixcmp(sb->buf, "refs/notes/"))
+		return; /* we're happy */
+	else if (!prefixcmp(sb->buf, "notes/"))
+		strbuf_insert(sb, 0, "refs/", 5);
+	else
+		strbuf_insert(sb, 0, "refs/notes/", 11);
+}
+
 static int list_each_note(const unsigned char *object_sha1,
 		const unsigned char *note_sha1, char *note_path,
 		void *cb_data)
@@ -271,18 +298,17 @@
 	return parse_reuse_arg(opt, arg, unset);
 }
 
-int commit_notes(struct notes_tree *t, const char *msg)
+void commit_notes(struct notes_tree *t, const char *msg)
 {
-	struct commit_list *parent;
-	unsigned char tree_sha1[20], prev_commit[20], new_commit[20];
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	unsigned char commit_sha1[20];
 
 	if (!t)
 		t = &default_notes_tree;
 	if (!t->initialized || !t->ref || !*t->ref)
 		die("Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree");
 	if (!t->dirty)
-		return 0; /* don't have to commit an unchanged tree */
+		return; /* don't have to commit an unchanged tree */
 
 	/* Prepare commit message and reflog message */
 	strbuf_addstr(&buf, "notes: "); /* commit message starts at index 7 */
@@ -290,27 +316,10 @@
 	if (buf.buf[buf.len - 1] != '\n')
 		strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n'); /* Make sure msg ends with newline */
 
-	/* Convert notes tree to tree object */
-	if (write_notes_tree(t, tree_sha1))
-		die("Failed to write current notes tree to database");
-
-	/* Create new commit for the tree object */
-	if (!read_ref(t->ref, prev_commit)) { /* retrieve parent commit */
-		parent = xmalloc(sizeof(*parent));
-		parent->item = lookup_commit(prev_commit);
-		parent->next = NULL;
-	} else {
-		hashclr(prev_commit);
-		parent = NULL;
-	}
-	if (commit_tree(buf.buf + 7, tree_sha1, parent, new_commit, NULL))
-		die("Failed to commit notes tree to database");
-
-	/* Update notes ref with new commit */
-	update_ref(buf.buf, t->ref, new_commit, prev_commit, 0, DIE_ON_ERR);
+	create_notes_commit(t, NULL, buf.buf + 7, commit_sha1);
+	update_ref(buf.buf, t->ref, commit_sha1, NULL, 0, DIE_ON_ERR);
 
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
-	return 0;
 }
 
 combine_notes_fn parse_combine_notes_fn(const char *v)
@@ -321,6 +330,8 @@
 		return combine_notes_ignore;
 	else if (!strcasecmp(v, "concatenate"))
 		return combine_notes_concatenate;
+	else if (!strcasecmp(v, "cat_sort_uniq"))
+		return combine_notes_cat_sort_uniq;
 	else
 		return NULL;
 }
@@ -538,7 +549,7 @@
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'C', "reuse-message", &msg, "OBJECT",
 			"reuse specified note object", PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
 			parse_reuse_arg},
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('f', "force", &force, "replace existing notes"),
+		OPT__FORCE(&force, "replace existing notes"),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -573,8 +584,8 @@
 
 	if (is_null_sha1(new_note))
 		remove_note(t, object);
-	else
-		add_note(t, object, new_note, combine_notes_overwrite);
+	else if (add_note(t, object, new_note, combine_notes_overwrite))
+		die("BUG: combine_notes_overwrite failed");
 
 	snprintf(logmsg, sizeof(logmsg), "Notes %s by 'git notes %s'",
 		 is_null_sha1(new_note) ? "removed" : "added", "add");
@@ -594,7 +605,7 @@
 	struct notes_tree *t;
 	const char *rewrite_cmd = NULL;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('f', "force", &force, "replace existing notes"),
+		OPT__FORCE(&force, "replace existing notes"),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "stdin", &from_stdin, "read objects from stdin"),
 		OPT_STRING(0, "for-rewrite", &rewrite_cmd, "command",
 			   "load rewriting config for <command> (implies "
@@ -653,7 +664,8 @@
 		goto out;
 	}
 
-	add_note(t, object, from_note, combine_notes_overwrite);
+	if (add_note(t, object, from_note, combine_notes_overwrite))
+		die("BUG: combine_notes_overwrite failed");
 	commit_notes(t, "Notes added by 'git notes copy'");
 out:
 	free_notes(t);
@@ -712,8 +724,8 @@
 
 	if (is_null_sha1(new_note))
 		remove_note(t, object);
-	else
-		add_note(t, object, new_note, combine_notes_overwrite);
+	else if (add_note(t, object, new_note, combine_notes_overwrite))
+		die("BUG: combine_notes_overwrite failed");
 
 	snprintf(logmsg, sizeof(logmsg), "Notes %s by 'git notes %s'",
 		 is_null_sha1(new_note) ? "removed" : "added", argv[0]);
@@ -761,6 +773,180 @@
 	return retval;
 }
 
+static int merge_abort(struct notes_merge_options *o)
+{
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Remove .git/NOTES_MERGE_PARTIAL and .git/NOTES_MERGE_REF, and call
+	 * notes_merge_abort() to remove .git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE.
+	 */
+
+	if (delete_ref("NOTES_MERGE_PARTIAL", NULL, 0))
+		ret += error("Failed to delete ref NOTES_MERGE_PARTIAL");
+	if (delete_ref("NOTES_MERGE_REF", NULL, REF_NODEREF))
+		ret += error("Failed to delete ref NOTES_MERGE_REF");
+	if (notes_merge_abort(o))
+		ret += error("Failed to remove 'git notes merge' worktree");
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int merge_commit(struct notes_merge_options *o)
+{
+	struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
+	unsigned char sha1[20], parent_sha1[20];
+	struct notes_tree *t;
+	struct commit *partial;
+	struct pretty_print_context pretty_ctx;
+
+	/*
+	 * Read partial merge result from .git/NOTES_MERGE_PARTIAL,
+	 * and target notes ref from .git/NOTES_MERGE_REF.
+	 */
+
+	if (get_sha1("NOTES_MERGE_PARTIAL", sha1))
+		die("Failed to read ref NOTES_MERGE_PARTIAL");
+	else if (!(partial = lookup_commit_reference(sha1)))
+		die("Could not find commit from NOTES_MERGE_PARTIAL.");
+	else if (parse_commit(partial))
+		die("Could not parse commit from NOTES_MERGE_PARTIAL.");
+
+	if (partial->parents)
+		hashcpy(parent_sha1, partial->parents->item->object.sha1);
+	else
+		hashclr(parent_sha1);
+
+	t = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct notes_tree));
+	init_notes(t, "NOTES_MERGE_PARTIAL", combine_notes_overwrite, 0);
+
+	o->local_ref = resolve_ref("NOTES_MERGE_REF", sha1, 0, 0);
+	if (!o->local_ref)
+		die("Failed to resolve NOTES_MERGE_REF");
+
+	if (notes_merge_commit(o, t, partial, sha1))
+		die("Failed to finalize notes merge");
+
+	/* Reuse existing commit message in reflog message */
+	memset(&pretty_ctx, 0, sizeof(pretty_ctx));
+	format_commit_message(partial, "%s", &msg, &pretty_ctx);
+	strbuf_trim(&msg);
+	strbuf_insert(&msg, 0, "notes: ", 7);
+	update_ref(msg.buf, o->local_ref, sha1,
+		   is_null_sha1(parent_sha1) ? NULL : parent_sha1,
+		   0, DIE_ON_ERR);
+
+	free_notes(t);
+	strbuf_release(&msg);
+	return merge_abort(o);
+}
+
+static int merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct strbuf remote_ref = STRBUF_INIT, msg = STRBUF_INIT;
+	unsigned char result_sha1[20];
+	struct notes_tree *t;
+	struct notes_merge_options o;
+	int do_merge = 0, do_commit = 0, do_abort = 0;
+	int verbosity = 0, result;
+	const char *strategy = NULL;
+	struct option options[] = {
+		OPT_GROUP("General options"),
+		OPT__VERBOSITY(&verbosity),
+		OPT_GROUP("Merge options"),
+		OPT_STRING('s', "strategy", &strategy, "strategy",
+			   "resolve notes conflicts using the given strategy "
+			   "(manual/ours/theirs/union/cat_sort_uniq)"),
+		OPT_GROUP("Committing unmerged notes"),
+		{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 0, "commit", &do_commit, NULL,
+			"finalize notes merge by committing unmerged notes",
+			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG },
+		OPT_GROUP("Aborting notes merge resolution"),
+		{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 0, "abort", &do_abort, NULL,
+			"abort notes merge",
+			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG },
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options,
+			     git_notes_merge_usage, 0);
+
+	if (strategy || do_commit + do_abort == 0)
+		do_merge = 1;
+	if (do_merge + do_commit + do_abort != 1) {
+		error("cannot mix --commit, --abort or -s/--strategy");
+		usage_with_options(git_notes_merge_usage, options);
+	}
+
+	if (do_merge && argc != 1) {
+		error("Must specify a notes ref to merge");
+		usage_with_options(git_notes_merge_usage, options);
+	} else if (!do_merge && argc) {
+		error("too many parameters");
+		usage_with_options(git_notes_merge_usage, options);
+	}
+
+	init_notes_merge_options(&o);
+	o.verbosity = verbosity + NOTES_MERGE_VERBOSITY_DEFAULT;
+
+	if (do_abort)
+		return merge_abort(&o);
+	if (do_commit)
+		return merge_commit(&o);
+
+	o.local_ref = default_notes_ref();
+	strbuf_addstr(&remote_ref, argv[0]);
+	expand_notes_ref(&remote_ref);
+	o.remote_ref = remote_ref.buf;
+
+	if (strategy) {
+		if (!strcmp(strategy, "manual"))
+			o.strategy = NOTES_MERGE_RESOLVE_MANUAL;
+		else if (!strcmp(strategy, "ours"))
+			o.strategy = NOTES_MERGE_RESOLVE_OURS;
+		else if (!strcmp(strategy, "theirs"))
+			o.strategy = NOTES_MERGE_RESOLVE_THEIRS;
+		else if (!strcmp(strategy, "union"))
+			o.strategy = NOTES_MERGE_RESOLVE_UNION;
+		else if (!strcmp(strategy, "cat_sort_uniq"))
+			o.strategy = NOTES_MERGE_RESOLVE_CAT_SORT_UNIQ;
+		else {
+			error("Unknown -s/--strategy: %s", strategy);
+			usage_with_options(git_notes_merge_usage, options);
+		}
+	}
+
+	t = init_notes_check("merge");
+
+	strbuf_addf(&msg, "notes: Merged notes from %s into %s",
+		    remote_ref.buf, default_notes_ref());
+	strbuf_add(&(o.commit_msg), msg.buf + 7, msg.len - 7); /* skip "notes: " */
+
+	result = notes_merge(&o, t, result_sha1);
+
+	if (result >= 0) /* Merge resulted (trivially) in result_sha1 */
+		/* Update default notes ref with new commit */
+		update_ref(msg.buf, default_notes_ref(), result_sha1, NULL,
+			   0, DIE_ON_ERR);
+	else { /* Merge has unresolved conflicts */
+		/* Update .git/NOTES_MERGE_PARTIAL with partial merge result */
+		update_ref(msg.buf, "NOTES_MERGE_PARTIAL", result_sha1, NULL,
+			   0, DIE_ON_ERR);
+		/* Store ref-to-be-updated into .git/NOTES_MERGE_REF */
+		if (create_symref("NOTES_MERGE_REF", default_notes_ref(), NULL))
+			die("Failed to store link to current notes ref (%s)",
+			    default_notes_ref());
+		printf("Automatic notes merge failed. Fix conflicts in %s and "
+		       "commit the result with 'git notes merge --commit', or "
+		       "abort the merge with 'git notes merge --abort'.\n",
+		       git_path(NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE));
+	}
+
+	free_notes(t);
+	strbuf_release(&remote_ref);
+	strbuf_release(&msg);
+	return result < 0; /* return non-zero on conflicts */
+}
+
 static int remove_cmd(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	struct option options[] = {
@@ -804,9 +990,8 @@
 	struct notes_tree *t;
 	int show_only = 0, verbose = 0;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "dry-run", &show_only,
-			    "do not remove, show only"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('v', "verbose", &verbose, "report pruned notes"),
+		OPT__DRY_RUN(&show_only, "do not remove, show only"),
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, "report pruned notes"),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -828,6 +1013,21 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int get_ref(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct option options[] = { OPT_END() };
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options,
+			     git_notes_get_ref_usage, 0);
+
+	if (argc) {
+		error("too many parameters");
+		usage_with_options(git_notes_get_ref_usage, options);
+	}
+
+	puts(default_notes_ref());
+	return 0;
+}
+
 int cmd_notes(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int result;
@@ -844,13 +1044,8 @@
 
 	if (override_notes_ref) {
 		struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
-		if (!prefixcmp(override_notes_ref, "refs/notes/"))
-			/* we're happy */;
-		else if (!prefixcmp(override_notes_ref, "notes/"))
-			strbuf_addstr(&sb, "refs/");
-		else
-			strbuf_addstr(&sb, "refs/notes/");
 		strbuf_addstr(&sb, override_notes_ref);
+		expand_notes_ref(&sb);
 		setenv("GIT_NOTES_REF", sb.buf, 1);
 		strbuf_release(&sb);
 	}
@@ -865,10 +1060,14 @@
 		result = append_edit(argc, argv, prefix);
 	else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "show"))
 		result = show(argc, argv, prefix);
+	else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "merge"))
+		result = merge(argc, argv, prefix);
 	else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "remove"))
 		result = remove_cmd(argc, argv, prefix);
 	else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "prune"))
 		result = prune(argc, argv, prefix);
+	else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "get-ref"))
+		result = get_ref(argc, argv, prefix);
 	else {
 		result = error("Unknown subcommand: %s", argv[0]);
 		usage_with_options(git_notes_usage, options);
diff --git a/builtin/pack-objects.c b/builtin/pack-objects.c
index 3cbeb29..b0503b2 100644
--- a/builtin/pack-objects.c
+++ b/builtin/pack-objects.c
@@ -16,11 +16,7 @@
 #include "list-objects.h"
 #include "progress.h"
 #include "refs.h"
-
-#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
-#include <pthread.h>
 #include "thread-utils.h"
-#endif
 
 static const char pack_usage[] =
   "git pack-objects [ -q | --progress | --all-progress ]\n"
@@ -1543,7 +1539,7 @@
 	read_unlock();
 }
 
-try_to_free_t old_try_to_free_routine;
+static try_to_free_t old_try_to_free_routine;
 
 /*
  * The main thread waits on the condition that (at least) one of the workers
diff --git a/builtin/prune.c b/builtin/prune.c
index 99218ba..e65690b 100644
--- a/builtin/prune.c
+++ b/builtin/prune.c
@@ -125,9 +125,8 @@
 {
 	struct rev_info revs;
 	const struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "dry-run", &show_only,
-			    "do not remove, show only"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('v', "verbose", &verbose, "report pruned objects"),
+		OPT__DRY_RUN(&show_only, "do not remove, show only"),
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, "report pruned objects"),
 		OPT_DATE(0, "expire", &expire,
 			 "expire objects older than <time>"),
 		OPT_END()
diff --git a/builtin/read-tree.c b/builtin/read-tree.c
index 9ad1e66..73c89ed 100644
--- a/builtin/read-tree.c
+++ b/builtin/read-tree.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 #include "resolve-undo.h"
 
 static int nr_trees;
+static int read_empty;
 static struct tree *trees[MAX_UNPACK_TREES];
 
 static int list_tree(unsigned char *sha1)
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@
 }
 
 static const char * const read_tree_usage[] = {
-	"git read-tree [[-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<prefix>] [-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--index-output=<file>] <tree-ish1> [<tree-ish2> [<tree-ish3>]]",
+	"git read-tree [[-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<prefix>] [-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--index-output=<file>] (--empty | <tree-ish1> [<tree-ish2> [<tree-ish3>]])",
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -106,7 +107,9 @@
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "index-output", NULL, "FILE",
 		  "write resulting index to <FILE>",
 		  PARSE_OPT_NONEG, index_output_cb },
-		OPT__VERBOSE(&opts.verbose_update),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "empty", &read_empty,
+			    "only empty the index", 1),
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&opts.verbose_update, "be verbose"),
 		OPT_GROUP("Merging"),
 		OPT_SET_INT('m', NULL, &opts.merge,
 			    "perform a merge in addition to a read", 1),
@@ -166,6 +169,11 @@
 			die("failed to unpack tree object %s", arg);
 		stage++;
 	}
+	if (nr_trees == 0 && !read_empty)
+		warning("read-tree: emptying the index with no arguments is deprecated; use --empty");
+	else if (nr_trees > 0 && read_empty)
+		die("passing trees as arguments contradicts --empty");
+
 	if (1 < opts.index_only + opts.update)
 		die("-u and -i at the same time makes no sense");
 	if ((opts.update||opts.index_only) && !opts.merge)
diff --git a/builtin/remote-ext.c b/builtin/remote-ext.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f77317
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin/remote-ext.c
@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "transport.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+
+/*
+ * URL syntax:
+ *	'command [arg1 [arg2 [...]]]'	Invoke command with given arguments.
+ *	Special characters:
+ *	'% ': Literal space in argument.
+ *	'%%': Literal percent sign.
+ *	'%S': Name of service (git-upload-pack/git-upload-archive/
+ *		git-receive-pack.
+ *	'%s': Same as \s, but with possible git- prefix stripped.
+ *	'%G': Only allowed as first 'character' of argument. Do not pass this
+ *		Argument to command, instead send this as name of repository
+ *		in in-line git://-style request (also activates sending this
+ *		style of request).
+ *	'%V': Only allowed as first 'character' of argument. Used in
+ *		conjunction with '%G': Do not pass this argument to command,
+ *		instead send this as vhost in git://-style request (note: does
+ *		not activate sending git:// style request).
+ */
+
+static char *git_req;
+static char *git_req_vhost;
+
+static char *strip_escapes(const char *str, const char *service,
+	const char **next)
+{
+	size_t rpos = 0;
+	int escape = 0;
+	char special = 0;
+	size_t pslen = 0;
+	size_t pSlen = 0;
+	size_t psoff = 0;
+	struct strbuf ret = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	/* Calculate prefix length for \s and lengths for \s and \S */
+	if (!strncmp(service, "git-", 4))
+		psoff = 4;
+	pSlen = strlen(service);
+	pslen = pSlen - psoff;
+
+	/* Pass the service to command. */
+	setenv("GIT_EXT_SERVICE", service, 1);
+	setenv("GIT_EXT_SERVICE_NOPREFIX", service + psoff, 1);
+
+	/* Scan the length of argument. */
+	while (str[rpos] && (escape || str[rpos] != ' ')) {
+		if (escape) {
+			switch (str[rpos]) {
+			case ' ':
+			case '%':
+			case 's':
+			case 'S':
+				break;
+			case 'G':
+			case 'V':
+				special = str[rpos];
+				if (rpos == 1)
+					break;
+				/* Fall-through to error. */
+			default:
+				die("Bad remote-ext placeholder '%%%c'.",
+					str[rpos]);
+			}
+			escape = 0;
+		} else
+			escape = (str[rpos] == '%');
+		rpos++;
+	}
+	if (escape && !str[rpos])
+		die("remote-ext command has incomplete placeholder");
+	*next = str + rpos;
+	if (**next == ' ')
+		++*next;	/* Skip over space */
+
+	/*
+	 * Do the actual placeholder substitution. The string will be short
+	 * enough not to overflow integers.
+	 */
+	rpos = special ? 2 : 0;		/* Skip first 2 bytes in specials. */
+	escape = 0;
+	while (str[rpos] && (escape || str[rpos] != ' ')) {
+		if (escape) {
+			switch (str[rpos]) {
+			case ' ':
+			case '%':
+				strbuf_addch(&ret, str[rpos]);
+				break;
+			case 's':
+				strbuf_addstr(&ret, service + psoff);
+				break;
+			case 'S':
+				strbuf_addstr(&ret, service);
+				break;
+			}
+			escape = 0;
+		} else
+			switch (str[rpos]) {
+			case '%':
+				escape = 1;
+				break;
+			default:
+				strbuf_addch(&ret, str[rpos]);
+				break;
+			}
+		rpos++;
+	}
+	switch (special) {
+	case 'G':
+		git_req = strbuf_detach(&ret, NULL);
+		return NULL;
+	case 'V':
+		git_req_vhost = strbuf_detach(&ret, NULL);
+		return NULL;
+	default:
+		return strbuf_detach(&ret, NULL);
+	}
+}
+
+/* Should be enough... */
+#define MAXARGUMENTS 256
+
+static const char **parse_argv(const char *arg, const char *service)
+{
+	int arguments = 0;
+	int i;
+	const char **ret;
+	char *temparray[MAXARGUMENTS + 1];
+
+	while (*arg) {
+		char *expanded;
+		if (arguments == MAXARGUMENTS)
+			die("remote-ext command has too many arguments");
+		expanded = strip_escapes(arg, service, &arg);
+		if (expanded)
+			temparray[arguments++] = expanded;
+	}
+
+	ret = xmalloc((arguments + 1) * sizeof(char *));
+	for (i = 0; i < arguments; i++)
+		ret[i] = temparray[i];
+	ret[arguments] = NULL;
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void send_git_request(int stdin_fd, const char *serv, const char *repo,
+	const char *vhost)
+{
+	size_t bufferspace;
+	size_t wpos = 0;
+	char *buffer;
+
+	/*
+	 * Request needs 12 bytes extra if there is vhost (xxxx \0host=\0) and
+	 * 6 bytes extra (xxxx \0) if there is no vhost.
+	 */
+	if (vhost)
+		bufferspace = strlen(serv) + strlen(repo) + strlen(vhost) + 12;
+	else
+		bufferspace = strlen(serv) + strlen(repo) + 6;
+
+	if (bufferspace > 0xFFFF)
+		die("Request too large to send");
+	buffer = xmalloc(bufferspace);
+
+	/* Make the packet. */
+	wpos = sprintf(buffer, "%04x%s %s%c", (unsigned)bufferspace,
+		serv, repo, 0);
+
+	/* Add vhost if any. */
+	if (vhost)
+		sprintf(buffer + wpos, "host=%s%c", vhost, 0);
+
+	/* Send the request */
+	if (write_in_full(stdin_fd, buffer, bufferspace) < 0)
+		die_errno("Failed to send request");
+
+	free(buffer);
+}
+
+static int run_child(const char *arg, const char *service)
+{
+	int r;
+	struct child_process child;
+
+	memset(&child, 0, sizeof(child));
+	child.in = -1;
+	child.out = -1;
+	child.err = 0;
+	child.argv = parse_argv(arg, service);
+
+	if (start_command(&child) < 0)
+		die("Can't run specified command");
+
+	if (git_req)
+		send_git_request(child.in, service, git_req, git_req_vhost);
+
+	r = bidirectional_transfer_loop(child.out, child.in);
+	if (!r)
+		r = finish_command(&child);
+	else
+		finish_command(&child);
+	return r;
+}
+
+#define MAXCOMMAND 4096
+
+static int command_loop(const char *child)
+{
+	char buffer[MAXCOMMAND];
+
+	while (1) {
+		size_t length;
+		if (!fgets(buffer, MAXCOMMAND - 1, stdin)) {
+			if (ferror(stdin))
+				die("Comammand input error");
+			exit(0);
+		}
+		/* Strip end of line characters. */
+		length = strlen(buffer);
+		while (isspace((unsigned char)buffer[length - 1]))
+			buffer[--length] = 0;
+
+		if (!strcmp(buffer, "capabilities")) {
+			printf("*connect\n\n");
+			fflush(stdout);
+		} else if (!strncmp(buffer, "connect ", 8)) {
+			printf("\n");
+			fflush(stdout);
+			return run_child(child, buffer + 8);
+		} else {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Bad command");
+			return 1;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+int cmd_remote_ext(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	if (argc != 3)
+		die("Expected two arguments");
+
+	return command_loop(argv[2]);
+}
diff --git a/builtin/remote-fd.c b/builtin/remote-fd.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f2467b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin/remote-fd.c
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "transport.h"
+
+/*
+ * URL syntax:
+ *	'fd::<inoutfd>[/<anything>]'		Read/write socket pair
+ *						<inoutfd>.
+ *	'fd::<infd>,<outfd>[/<anything>]'	Read pipe <infd> and write
+ *						pipe <outfd>.
+ *	[foo] indicates 'foo' is optional. <anything> is any string.
+ *
+ * The data output to <outfd>/<inoutfd> should be passed unmolested to
+ * git-receive-pack/git-upload-pack/git-upload-archive and output of
+ * git-receive-pack/git-upload-pack/git-upload-archive should be passed
+ * unmolested to <infd>/<inoutfd>.
+ *
+ */
+
+#define MAXCOMMAND 4096
+
+static void command_loop(int input_fd, int output_fd)
+{
+	char buffer[MAXCOMMAND];
+
+	while (1) {
+		size_t i;
+		if (!fgets(buffer, MAXCOMMAND - 1, stdin)) {
+			if (ferror(stdin))
+				die("Input error");
+			return;
+		}
+		/* Strip end of line characters. */
+		i = strlen(buffer);
+		while (i > 0 && isspace(buffer[i - 1]))
+			buffer[--i] = 0;
+
+		if (!strcmp(buffer, "capabilities")) {
+			printf("*connect\n\n");
+			fflush(stdout);
+		} else if (!strncmp(buffer, "connect ", 8)) {
+			printf("\n");
+			fflush(stdout);
+			if (bidirectional_transfer_loop(input_fd,
+				output_fd))
+				die("Copying data between file descriptors failed");
+			return;
+		} else {
+			die("Bad command: %s", buffer);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+int cmd_remote_fd(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int input_fd = -1;
+	int output_fd = -1;
+	char *end;
+
+	if (argc != 3)
+		die("Expected two arguments");
+
+	input_fd = (int)strtoul(argv[2], &end, 10);
+
+	if ((end == argv[2]) || (*end != ',' && *end != '/' && *end))
+		die("Bad URL syntax");
+
+	if (*end == '/' || !*end) {
+		output_fd = input_fd;
+	} else {
+		char *end2;
+		output_fd = (int)strtoul(end + 1, &end2, 10);
+
+		if ((end2 == end + 1) || (*end2 != '/' && *end2))
+			die("Bad URL syntax");
+	}
+
+	command_loop(input_fd, output_fd);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin/remote.c b/builtin/remote.c
index e9a6e09..cb26080 100644
--- a/builtin/remote.c
+++ b/builtin/remote.c
@@ -507,7 +507,7 @@
 			return 0;
 	}
 
-	/* don't delete non-remote refs */
+	/* don't delete non-remote-tracking refs */
 	if (prefixcmp(refname, "refs/remotes")) {
 		/* advise user how to delete local branches */
 		if (!prefixcmp(refname, "refs/heads/"))
@@ -791,9 +791,9 @@
 
 	if (skipped.nr) {
 		fprintf(stderr, skipped.nr == 1 ?
-			"Note: A non-remote branch was not removed; "
+			"Note: A branch outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy was not removed;\n"
 			"to delete it, use:\n" :
-			"Note: Non-remote branches were not removed; "
+			"Note: Some branches outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy were not removed;\n"
 			"to delete them, use:\n");
 		for (i = 0; i < skipped.nr; i++)
 			fprintf(stderr, "  git branch -d %s\n",
@@ -1200,7 +1200,7 @@
 {
 	int dry_run = 0, result = 0;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT__DRY_RUN(&dry_run),
+		OPT__DRY_RUN(&dry_run, "dry run"),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -1512,7 +1512,7 @@
 int cmd_remote(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('v', "verbose", &verbose, "be verbose; must be placed before a subcommand"),
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, "be verbose; must be placed before a subcommand"),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 	int result;
diff --git a/builtin/reset.c b/builtin/reset.c
index 0037be4..5de2bce 100644
--- a/builtin/reset.c
+++ b/builtin/reset.c
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@
 	struct commit *commit;
 	char *reflog_action, msg[1024];
 	const struct option options[] = {
-		OPT__QUIET(&quiet),
+		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, "be quiet, only report errors"),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "mixed", &reset_type,
 						"reset HEAD and index", MIXED),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "soft", &reset_type, "reset only HEAD", SOFT),
diff --git a/builtin/rm.c b/builtin/rm.c
index f3772c8..ff491d7 100644
--- a/builtin/rm.c
+++ b/builtin/rm.c
@@ -20,15 +20,6 @@
 	const char **name;
 } list;
 
-static void add_list(const char *name)
-{
-	if (list.nr >= list.alloc) {
-		list.alloc = alloc_nr(list.alloc);
-		list.name = xrealloc(list.name, list.alloc * sizeof(const char *));
-	}
-	list.name[list.nr++] = name;
-}
-
 static int check_local_mod(unsigned char *head, int index_only)
 {
 	/*
@@ -139,10 +130,10 @@
 static int ignore_unmatch = 0;
 
 static struct option builtin_rm_options[] = {
-	OPT__DRY_RUN(&show_only),
-	OPT__QUIET(&quiet),
+	OPT__DRY_RUN(&show_only, "dry run"),
+	OPT__QUIET(&quiet, "do not list removed files"),
 	OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "cached",         &index_only, "only remove from the index"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('f', "force",          &force,      "override the up-to-date check"),
+	OPT__FORCE(&force, "override the up-to-date check"),
 	OPT_BOOLEAN('r', NULL,             &recursive,  "allow recursive removal"),
 	OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "ignore-unmatch", &ignore_unmatch,
 				"exit with a zero status even if nothing matched"),
@@ -182,7 +173,8 @@
 		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
 		if (!match_pathspec(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, seen))
 			continue;
-		add_list(ce->name);
+		ALLOC_GROW(list.name, list.nr + 1, list.alloc);
+		list.name[list.nr++] = ce->name;
 	}
 
 	if (pathspec) {
diff --git a/builtin/send-pack.c b/builtin/send-pack.c
index 8aa3031..2cd1c40 100644
--- a/builtin/send-pack.c
+++ b/builtin/send-pack.c
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@
 		NULL,
 		NULL,
 		NULL,
+		NULL,
 	};
 	struct child_process po;
 	int i;
@@ -59,6 +60,8 @@
 		argv[i++] = "--delta-base-offset";
 	if (args->quiet)
 		argv[i++] = "-q";
+	if (args->progress)
+		argv[i++] = "--progress";
 	memset(&po, 0, sizeof(po));
 	po.argv = argv;
 	po.in = -1;
diff --git a/builtin/shortlog.c b/builtin/shortlog.c
index 2135b0d..1a21e4b 100644
--- a/builtin/shortlog.c
+++ b/builtin/shortlog.c
@@ -268,8 +268,8 @@
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 	shortlog_init(&log);
 	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
-	parse_options_start(&ctx, argc, argv, prefix, PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH |
-			    PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ARGV0);
+	parse_options_start(&ctx, argc, argv, prefix, options,
+			    PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH | PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ARGV0);
 
 	for (;;) {
 		switch (parse_options_step(&ctx, options, shortlog_usage)) {
diff --git a/builtin/show-branch.c b/builtin/show-branch.c
index 8663cca..da69581 100644
--- a/builtin/show-branch.c
+++ b/builtin/show-branch.c
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@
 			if (mark_seen(p, seen_p) && !still_interesting)
 				extra--;
 			p->object.flags |= flags;
-			insert_by_date(p, list_p);
+			commit_list_insert_by_date(p, list_p);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -859,7 +859,7 @@
 		 */
 		commit->object.flags |= flag;
 		if (commit->object.flags == flag)
-			insert_by_date(commit, &list);
+			commit_list_insert_by_date(commit, &list);
 		rev[num_rev] = commit;
 	}
 	for (i = 0; i < num_rev; i++)
@@ -868,7 +868,7 @@
 	if (0 <= extra)
 		join_revs(&list, &seen, num_rev, extra);
 
-	sort_by_date(&seen);
+	commit_list_sort_by_date(&seen);
 
 	if (merge_base)
 		return show_merge_base(seen, num_rev);
diff --git a/builtin/show-ref.c b/builtin/show-ref.c
index be9b512..45f0340 100644
--- a/builtin/show-ref.c
+++ b/builtin/show-ref.c
@@ -193,7 +193,8 @@
 	  "only show SHA1 hash using <n> digits",
 	  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, &hash_callback },
 	OPT__ABBREV(&abbrev),
-	OPT__QUIET(&quiet),
+	OPT__QUIET(&quiet,
+		   "do not print results to stdout (useful with --verify)"),
 	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "exclude-existing", &exclude_existing_arg,
 	  "pattern", "show refs from stdin that aren't in local repository",
 	  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, exclude_existing_callback },
diff --git a/builtin/symbolic-ref.c b/builtin/symbolic-ref.c
index ca855a5..dea849c 100644
--- a/builtin/symbolic-ref.c
+++ b/builtin/symbolic-ref.c
@@ -30,7 +30,8 @@
 	int quiet = 0;
 	const char *msg = NULL;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT__QUIET(&quiet),
+		OPT__QUIET(&quiet,
+			"suppress error message for non-symbolic (detached) refs"),
 		OPT_STRING('m', NULL, &msg, "reason", "reason of the update"),
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
diff --git a/builtin/tag.c b/builtin/tag.c
index 617a58f..aa1f87d 100644
--- a/builtin/tag.c
+++ b/builtin/tag.c
@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@
 		OPT_BOOLEAN('s', NULL, &sign, "annotated and GPG-signed tag"),
 		OPT_STRING('u', NULL, &keyid, "key-id",
 					"use another key to sign the tag"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('f', "force", &force, "replace the tag if exists"),
+		OPT__FORCE(&force, "replace the tag if exists"),
 
 		OPT_GROUP("Tag listing options"),
 		{
diff --git a/builtin/update-index.c b/builtin/update-index.c
index 62d9f3f..56baf27 100644
--- a/builtin/update-index.c
+++ b/builtin/update-index.c
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "resolve-undo.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
 
 /*
  * Default to not allowing changes to the list of files. The
@@ -397,8 +398,10 @@
 	strbuf_release(&uq);
 }
 
-static const char update_index_usage[] =
-"git update-index [-q] [--add] [--replace] [--remove] [--unmerged] [--refresh] [--really-refresh] [--cacheinfo] [--chmod=(+|-)x] [--assume-unchanged] [--skip-worktree|--no-skip-worktree] [--info-only] [--force-remove] [--stdin] [--index-info] [--unresolve] [--again | -g] [--ignore-missing] [-z] [--verbose] [--] [<file>...]";
+static const char * const update_index_usage[] = {
+	"git update-index [options] [--] [<file>...]",
+	NULL
+};
 
 static unsigned char head_sha1[20];
 static unsigned char merge_head_sha1[20];
@@ -578,16 +581,214 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
+struct refresh_params {
+	unsigned int flags;
+	int *has_errors;
+};
+
+static int refresh(struct refresh_params *o, unsigned int flag)
+{
+	setup_work_tree();
+	*o->has_errors |= refresh_cache(o->flags | flag);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int refresh_callback(const struct option *opt,
+				const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	return refresh(opt->value, 0);
+}
+
+static int really_refresh_callback(const struct option *opt,
+				const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	return refresh(opt->value, REFRESH_REALLY);
+}
+
+static int chmod_callback(const struct option *opt,
+				const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	char *flip = opt->value;
+	if ((arg[0] != '-' && arg[0] != '+') || arg[1] != 'x' || arg[2])
+		return error("option 'chmod' expects \"+x\" or \"-x\"");
+	*flip = arg[0];
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int resolve_undo_clear_callback(const struct option *opt,
+				const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	resolve_undo_clear();
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int cacheinfo_callback(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
+				const struct option *opt, int unset)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	unsigned int mode;
+
+	if (ctx->argc <= 3)
+		return error("option 'cacheinfo' expects three arguments");
+	if (strtoul_ui(*++ctx->argv, 8, &mode) ||
+	    get_sha1_hex(*++ctx->argv, sha1) ||
+	    add_cacheinfo(mode, sha1, *++ctx->argv, 0))
+		die("git update-index: --cacheinfo cannot add %s", *ctx->argv);
+	ctx->argc -= 3;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int stdin_cacheinfo_callback(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
+			      const struct option *opt, int unset)
+{
+	int *line_termination = opt->value;
+
+	if (ctx->argc != 1)
+		return error("option '%s' must be the last argument", opt->long_name);
+	allow_add = allow_replace = allow_remove = 1;
+	read_index_info(*line_termination);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int stdin_callback(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
+				const struct option *opt, int unset)
+{
+	int *read_from_stdin = opt->value;
+
+	if (ctx->argc != 1)
+		return error("option '%s' must be the last argument", opt->long_name);
+	*read_from_stdin = 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int unresolve_callback(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
+				const struct option *opt, int flags)
+{
+	int *has_errors = opt->value;
+	const char *prefix = startup_info->prefix;
+
+	/* consume remaining arguments. */
+	*has_errors = do_unresolve(ctx->argc, ctx->argv,
+				prefix, prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0);
+	if (*has_errors)
+		active_cache_changed = 0;
+
+	ctx->argv += ctx->argc - 1;
+	ctx->argc = 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int reupdate_callback(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
+				const struct option *opt, int flags)
+{
+	int *has_errors = opt->value;
+	const char *prefix = startup_info->prefix;
+
+	/* consume remaining arguments. */
+	setup_work_tree();
+	*has_errors = do_reupdate(ctx->argc, ctx->argv,
+				prefix, prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0);
+	if (*has_errors)
+		active_cache_changed = 0;
+
+	ctx->argv += ctx->argc - 1;
+	ctx->argc = 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
 int cmd_update_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	int i, newfd, entries, has_errors = 0, line_termination = '\n';
-	int allow_options = 1;
+	int newfd, entries, has_errors = 0, line_termination = '\n';
 	int read_from_stdin = 0;
 	int prefix_length = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
 	char set_executable_bit = 0;
-	unsigned int refresh_flags = 0;
+	struct refresh_params refresh_args = {0, &has_errors};
 	int lock_error = 0;
 	struct lock_file *lock_file;
+	struct parse_opt_ctx_t ctx;
+	int parseopt_state = PARSE_OPT_UNKNOWN;
+	struct option options[] = {
+		OPT_BIT('q', NULL, &refresh_args.flags,
+			"continue refresh even when index needs update",
+			REFRESH_QUIET),
+		OPT_BIT(0, "ignore-submodules", &refresh_args.flags,
+			"refresh: ignore submodules",
+			REFRESH_IGNORE_SUBMODULES),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "add", &allow_add,
+			"do not ignore new files", 1),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "replace", &allow_replace,
+			"let files replace directories and vice-versa", 1),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "remove", &allow_remove,
+			"notice files missing from worktree", 1),
+		OPT_BIT(0, "unmerged", &refresh_args.flags,
+			"refresh even if index contains unmerged entries",
+			REFRESH_UNMERGED),
+		{OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "refresh", &refresh_args, NULL,
+			"refresh stat information",
+			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
+			refresh_callback},
+		{OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "really-refresh", &refresh_args, NULL,
+			"like --refresh, but ignore assume-unchanged setting",
+			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
+			really_refresh_callback},
+		{OPTION_LOWLEVEL_CALLBACK, 0, "cacheinfo", NULL,
+			"<mode> <object> <path>",
+			"add the specified entry to the index",
+			PARSE_OPT_NOARG |	/* disallow --cacheinfo=<mode> form */
+			PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_LITERAL_ARGHELP,
+			(parse_opt_cb *) cacheinfo_callback},
+		{OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "chmod", &set_executable_bit, "(+/-)x",
+			"override the executable bit of the listed files",
+			PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_LITERAL_ARGHELP,
+			chmod_callback},
+		{OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "assume-unchanged", &mark_valid_only, NULL,
+			"mark files as \"not changing\"",
+			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL, MARK_FLAG},
+		{OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "no-assume-unchanged", &mark_valid_only, NULL,
+			"clear assumed-unchanged bit",
+			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL, UNMARK_FLAG},
+		{OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "skip-worktree", &mark_skip_worktree_only, NULL,
+			"mark files as \"index-only\"",
+			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL, MARK_FLAG},
+		{OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "no-skip-worktree", &mark_skip_worktree_only, NULL,
+			"clear skip-worktree bit",
+			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL, UNMARK_FLAG},
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "info-only", &info_only,
+			"add to index only; do not add content to object database", 1),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "force-remove", &force_remove,
+			"remove named paths even if present in worktree", 1),
+		OPT_SET_INT('z', NULL, &line_termination,
+			"with --stdin: input lines are terminated by null bytes", '\0'),
+		{OPTION_LOWLEVEL_CALLBACK, 0, "stdin", &read_from_stdin, NULL,
+			"read list of paths to be updated from standard input",
+			PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_NOARG,
+			(parse_opt_cb *) stdin_callback},
+		{OPTION_LOWLEVEL_CALLBACK, 0, "index-info", &line_termination, NULL,
+			"add entries from standard input to the index",
+			PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_NOARG,
+			(parse_opt_cb *) stdin_cacheinfo_callback},
+		{OPTION_LOWLEVEL_CALLBACK, 0, "unresolve", &has_errors, NULL,
+			"repopulate stages #2 and #3 for the listed paths",
+			PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_NOARG,
+			(parse_opt_cb *) unresolve_callback},
+		{OPTION_LOWLEVEL_CALLBACK, 'g', "again", &has_errors, NULL,
+			"only update entries that differ from HEAD",
+			PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_NOARG,
+			(parse_opt_cb *) reupdate_callback},
+		OPT_BIT(0, "ignore-missing", &refresh_args.flags,
+			"ignore files missing from worktree",
+			REFRESH_IGNORE_MISSING),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "verbose", &verbose,
+			"report actions to standard output", 1),
+		{OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "clear-resolve-undo", NULL, NULL,
+			"(for porcelains) forget saved unresolved conflicts",
+			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
+			resolve_undo_clear_callback},
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
+		usage(update_index_usage[0]);
 
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 
@@ -602,151 +803,48 @@
 	if (entries < 0)
 		die("cache corrupted");
 
-	for (i = 1 ; i < argc; i++) {
-		const char *path = argv[i];
-		const char *p;
+	/*
+	 * Custom copy of parse_options() because we want to handle
+	 * filename arguments as they come.
+	 */
+	parse_options_start(&ctx, argc, argv, prefix,
+			    options, PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION);
+	while (ctx.argc) {
+		if (parseopt_state != PARSE_OPT_DONE)
+			parseopt_state = parse_options_step(&ctx, options,
+							    update_index_usage);
+		if (!ctx.argc)
+			break;
+		switch (parseopt_state) {
+		case PARSE_OPT_HELP:
+			exit(129);
+		case PARSE_OPT_NON_OPTION:
+		case PARSE_OPT_DONE:
+		{
+			const char *path = ctx.argv[0];
+			const char *p;
 
-		if (allow_options && *path == '-') {
-			if (!strcmp(path, "--")) {
-				allow_options = 0;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(path, "-q")) {
-				refresh_flags |= REFRESH_QUIET;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(path, "--ignore-submodules")) {
-				refresh_flags |= REFRESH_IGNORE_SUBMODULES;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(path, "--add")) {
-				allow_add = 1;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(path, "--replace")) {
-				allow_replace = 1;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(path, "--remove")) {
-				allow_remove = 1;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(path, "--unmerged")) {
-				refresh_flags |= REFRESH_UNMERGED;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(path, "--refresh")) {
-				setup_work_tree();
-				has_errors |= refresh_cache(refresh_flags);
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(path, "--really-refresh")) {
-				setup_work_tree();
-				has_errors |= refresh_cache(REFRESH_REALLY | refresh_flags);
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(path, "--cacheinfo")) {
-				unsigned char sha1[20];
-				unsigned int mode;
-
-				if (i+3 >= argc)
-					die("git update-index: --cacheinfo <mode> <sha1> <path>");
-
-				if (strtoul_ui(argv[i+1], 8, &mode) ||
-				    get_sha1_hex(argv[i+2], sha1) ||
-				    add_cacheinfo(mode, sha1, argv[i+3], 0))
-					die("git update-index: --cacheinfo"
-					    " cannot add %s", argv[i+3]);
-				i += 3;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(path, "--chmod=-x") ||
-			    !strcmp(path, "--chmod=+x")) {
-				if (argc <= i+1)
-					die("git update-index: %s <path>", path);
-				set_executable_bit = path[8];
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(path, "--assume-unchanged")) {
-				mark_valid_only = MARK_FLAG;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(path, "--no-assume-unchanged")) {
-				mark_valid_only = UNMARK_FLAG;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(path, "--no-skip-worktree")) {
-				mark_skip_worktree_only = UNMARK_FLAG;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(path, "--skip-worktree")) {
-				mark_skip_worktree_only = MARK_FLAG;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(path, "--info-only")) {
-				info_only = 1;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(path, "--force-remove")) {
-				force_remove = 1;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(path, "-z")) {
-				line_termination = 0;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(path, "--stdin")) {
-				if (i != argc - 1)
-					die("--stdin must be at the end");
-				read_from_stdin = 1;
-				break;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(path, "--index-info")) {
-				if (i != argc - 1)
-					die("--index-info must be at the end");
-				allow_add = allow_replace = allow_remove = 1;
-				read_index_info(line_termination);
-				break;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(path, "--unresolve")) {
-				has_errors = do_unresolve(argc - i, argv + i,
-							  prefix, prefix_length);
-				if (has_errors)
-					active_cache_changed = 0;
-				goto finish;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(path, "--again") || !strcmp(path, "-g")) {
-				setup_work_tree();
-				has_errors = do_reupdate(argc - i, argv + i,
-							 prefix, prefix_length);
-				if (has_errors)
-					active_cache_changed = 0;
-				goto finish;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(path, "--ignore-missing")) {
-				refresh_flags |= REFRESH_IGNORE_MISSING;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(path, "--verbose")) {
-				verbose = 1;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(path, "--clear-resolve-undo")) {
-				resolve_undo_clear();
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(path, "-h") || !strcmp(path, "--help"))
-				usage(update_index_usage);
-			die("unknown option %s", path);
+			setup_work_tree();
+			p = prefix_path(prefix, prefix_length, path);
+			update_one(p, NULL, 0);
+			if (set_executable_bit)
+				chmod_path(set_executable_bit, p);
+			if (p < path || p > path + strlen(path))
+				free((char *)p);
+			ctx.argc--;
+			ctx.argv++;
+			break;
 		}
-		setup_work_tree();
-		p = prefix_path(prefix, prefix_length, path);
-		update_one(p, NULL, 0);
-		if (set_executable_bit)
-			chmod_path(set_executable_bit, p);
-		if (p < path || p > path + strlen(path))
-			free((char *)p);
+		case PARSE_OPT_UNKNOWN:
+			if (ctx.argv[0][1] == '-')
+				error("unknown option '%s'", ctx.argv[0] + 2);
+			else
+				error("unknown switch '%c'", *ctx.opt);
+			usage_with_options(update_index_usage, options);
+		}
 	}
+	argc = parse_options_end(&ctx);
+
 	if (read_from_stdin) {
 		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT, nbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
@@ -770,10 +868,9 @@
 		strbuf_release(&buf);
 	}
 
- finish:
 	if (active_cache_changed) {
 		if (newfd < 0) {
-			if (refresh_flags & REFRESH_QUIET)
+			if (refresh_args.flags & REFRESH_QUIET)
 				exit(128);
 			unable_to_lock_index_die(get_index_file(), lock_error);
 		}
diff --git a/builtin/update-server-info.c b/builtin/update-server-info.c
index 2b3fddc..b90dce6 100644
--- a/builtin/update-server-info.c
+++ b/builtin/update-server-info.c
@@ -11,8 +11,7 @@
 {
 	int force = 0;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('f', "force", &force,
-			"update the info files from scratch"),
+		OPT__FORCE(&force, "update the info files from scratch"),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
diff --git a/builtin/verify-tag.c b/builtin/verify-tag.c
index 86cac6d..3134766 100644
--- a/builtin/verify-tag.c
+++ b/builtin/verify-tag.c
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@
 {
 	int i = 1, verbose = 0, had_error = 0;
 	const struct option verify_tag_options[] = {
-		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose),
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, "print tag contents"),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
diff --git a/cache.h b/cache.h
index d85ce86..d83d68c 100644
--- a/cache.h
+++ b/cache.h
@@ -170,26 +170,26 @@
  *
  * In-memory only flags
  */
-#define CE_UPDATE    (0x10000)
-#define CE_REMOVE    (0x20000)
-#define CE_UPTODATE  (0x40000)
-#define CE_ADDED     (0x80000)
+#define CE_UPDATE            (1 << 16)
+#define CE_REMOVE            (1 << 17)
+#define CE_UPTODATE          (1 << 18)
+#define CE_ADDED             (1 << 19)
 
-#define CE_HASHED    (0x100000)
-#define CE_UNHASHED  (0x200000)
-#define CE_CONFLICTED (0x800000)
+#define CE_HASHED            (1 << 20)
+#define CE_UNHASHED          (1 << 21)
+#define CE_WT_REMOVE         (1 << 22) /* remove in work directory */
+#define CE_CONFLICTED        (1 << 23)
 
-#define CE_WT_REMOVE (0x400000) /* remove in work directory */
-
-#define CE_UNPACKED  (0x1000000)
+#define CE_UNPACKED          (1 << 24)
+#define CE_NEW_SKIP_WORKTREE (1 << 25)
 
 /*
  * Extended on-disk flags
  */
-#define CE_INTENT_TO_ADD 0x20000000
-#define CE_SKIP_WORKTREE 0x40000000
+#define CE_INTENT_TO_ADD     (1 << 29)
+#define CE_SKIP_WORKTREE     (1 << 30)
 /* CE_EXTENDED2 is for future extension */
-#define CE_EXTENDED2 0x80000000
+#define CE_EXTENDED2         (1 << 31)
 
 #define CE_EXTENDED_FLAGS (CE_INTENT_TO_ADD | CE_SKIP_WORKTREE)
 
@@ -428,7 +428,7 @@
 extern void setup_work_tree(void);
 extern const char *setup_git_directory_gently(int *);
 extern const char *setup_git_directory(void);
-extern const char *prefix_path(const char *prefix, int len, const char *path);
+extern char *prefix_path(const char *prefix, int len, const char *path);
 extern const char *prefix_filename(const char *prefix, int len, const char *path);
 extern int check_filename(const char *prefix, const char *name);
 extern void verify_filename(const char *prefix, const char *name);
@@ -545,6 +545,7 @@
 extern int prefer_symlink_refs;
 extern int log_all_ref_updates;
 extern int warn_ambiguous_refs;
+extern int unique_abbrev_extra_length;
 extern int shared_repository;
 extern const char *apply_default_whitespace;
 extern const char *apply_default_ignorewhitespace;
@@ -986,6 +987,7 @@
 extern int git_config_parse_environment(void);
 extern int git_config_from_parameters(config_fn_t fn, void *data);
 extern int git_config(config_fn_t fn, void *);
+extern int git_config_early(config_fn_t fn, void *, const char *repo_config);
 extern int git_parse_ulong(const char *, unsigned long *);
 extern int git_config_int(const char *, const char *);
 extern unsigned long git_config_ulong(const char *, const char *);
@@ -1003,6 +1005,9 @@
 extern int git_config_system(void);
 extern int git_config_global(void);
 extern int config_error_nonbool(const char *);
+extern const char *get_log_output_encoding(void);
+extern const char *get_commit_output_encoding(void);
+
 extern const char *config_exclusive_filename;
 
 #define MAX_GITNAME (1000)
@@ -1062,6 +1067,7 @@
 extern void trace_printf(const char *format, ...);
 __attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)))
 extern void trace_argv_printf(const char **argv, const char *format, ...);
+extern void trace_repo_setup(const char *prefix);
 
 /* convert.c */
 /* returns 1 if *dst was used */
@@ -1087,15 +1093,17 @@
 /*
  * whitespace rules.
  * used by both diff and apply
+ * last two digits are tab width
  */
-#define WS_BLANK_AT_EOL         01
-#define WS_SPACE_BEFORE_TAB	02
-#define WS_INDENT_WITH_NON_TAB	04
-#define WS_CR_AT_EOL           010
-#define WS_BLANK_AT_EOF        020
-#define WS_TAB_IN_INDENT       040
+#define WS_BLANK_AT_EOL         0100
+#define WS_SPACE_BEFORE_TAB     0200
+#define WS_INDENT_WITH_NON_TAB  0400
+#define WS_CR_AT_EOL           01000
+#define WS_BLANK_AT_EOF        02000
+#define WS_TAB_IN_INDENT       04000
 #define WS_TRAILING_SPACE      (WS_BLANK_AT_EOL|WS_BLANK_AT_EOF)
-#define WS_DEFAULT_RULE (WS_TRAILING_SPACE|WS_SPACE_BEFORE_TAB)
+#define WS_DEFAULT_RULE (WS_TRAILING_SPACE|WS_SPACE_BEFORE_TAB|8)
+#define WS_TAB_WIDTH_MASK        077
 extern unsigned whitespace_rule_cfg;
 extern unsigned whitespace_rule(const char *);
 extern unsigned parse_whitespace_rule(const char *);
@@ -1104,6 +1112,7 @@
 extern char *whitespace_error_string(unsigned ws);
 extern void ws_fix_copy(struct strbuf *, const char *, int, unsigned, int *);
 extern int ws_blank_line(const char *line, int len, unsigned ws_rule);
+#define ws_tab_width(rule)     ((rule) & WS_TAB_WIDTH_MASK)
 
 /* ls-files */
 int report_path_error(const char *ps_matched, const char **pathspec, int prefix_offset);
@@ -1117,6 +1126,7 @@
 /* git.c */
 struct startup_info {
 	int have_repository;
+	const char *prefix;
 };
 extern struct startup_info *startup_info;
 
diff --git a/color.c b/color.c
index 1b00554..6a5a54e 100644
--- a/color.c
+++ b/color.c
@@ -211,3 +211,8 @@
 	va_end(args);
 	return r;
 }
+
+int color_is_nil(const char *c)
+{
+	return !strcmp(c, "NIL");
+}
diff --git a/color.h b/color.h
index 03ca064..170ff40 100644
--- a/color.h
+++ b/color.h
@@ -43,6 +43,9 @@
 #define GIT_COLOR_BG_MAGENTA	"\033[45m"
 #define GIT_COLOR_BG_CYAN	"\033[46m"
 
+/* A special value meaning "no color selected" */
+#define GIT_COLOR_NIL "NIL"
+
 /*
  * This variable stores the value of color.ui
  */
@@ -62,4 +65,6 @@
 __attribute__((format (printf, 3, 4)))
 int color_fprintf_ln(FILE *fp, const char *color, const char *fmt, ...);
 
+int color_is_nil(const char *color);
+
 #endif /* COLOR_H */
diff --git a/commit.c b/commit.c
index 0094ec1..74d6601 100644
--- a/commit.c
+++ b/commit.c
@@ -49,6 +49,19 @@
 	return check_commit(obj, sha1, 0);
 }
 
+struct commit *lookup_commit_reference_by_name(const char *name)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	struct commit *commit;
+
+	if (get_sha1(name, sha1))
+		return NULL;
+	commit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
+	if (!commit || parse_commit(commit))
+		return NULL;
+	return commit;
+}
+
 static unsigned long parse_commit_date(const char *buf, const char *tail)
 {
 	const char *dateptr;
@@ -137,12 +150,8 @@
 		buf[--len] = '\0';
 	if (buf[0] == '#' || buf[0] == '\0')
 		return NULL;
-	if ((len + 1) % 41) {
-	bad_graft_data:
-		error("bad graft data: %s", buf);
-		free(graft);
-		return NULL;
-	}
+	if ((len + 1) % 41)
+		goto bad_graft_data;
 	i = (len + 1) / 41 - 1;
 	graft = xmalloc(sizeof(*graft) + 20 * i);
 	graft->nr_parent = i;
@@ -155,6 +164,11 @@
 			goto bad_graft_data;
 	}
 	return graft;
+
+bad_graft_data:
+	error("bad graft data: %s", buf);
+	free(graft);
+	return NULL;
 }
 
 static int read_graft_file(const char *graft_file)
@@ -360,7 +374,7 @@
 	}
 }
 
-struct commit_list * insert_by_date(struct commit *item, struct commit_list **list)
+struct commit_list * commit_list_insert_by_date(struct commit *item, struct commit_list **list)
 {
 	struct commit_list **pp = list;
 	struct commit_list *p;
@@ -374,11 +388,11 @@
 }
 
 
-void sort_by_date(struct commit_list **list)
+void commit_list_sort_by_date(struct commit_list **list)
 {
 	struct commit_list *ret = NULL;
 	while (*list) {
-		insert_by_date((*list)->item, &ret);
+		commit_list_insert_by_date((*list)->item, &ret);
 		*list = (*list)->next;
 	}
 	*list = ret;
@@ -398,7 +412,7 @@
 		struct commit *commit = parents->item;
 		if (!parse_commit(commit) && !(commit->object.flags & mark)) {
 			commit->object.flags |= mark;
-			insert_by_date(commit, list);
+			commit_list_insert_by_date(commit, list);
 		}
 		parents = parents->next;
 	}
@@ -487,7 +501,7 @@
 
 	/* process the list in topological order */
 	if (!lifo)
-		sort_by_date(&work);
+		commit_list_sort_by_date(&work);
 
 	pptr = list;
 	*list = NULL;
@@ -513,7 +527,7 @@
 			 */
 			if (--parent->indegree == 1) {
 				if (!lifo)
-					insert_by_date(parent, &work);
+					commit_list_insert_by_date(parent, &work);
 				else
 					commit_list_insert(parent, &work);
 			}
@@ -573,10 +587,10 @@
 	}
 
 	one->object.flags |= PARENT1;
-	insert_by_date(one, &list);
+	commit_list_insert_by_date(one, &list);
 	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
 		twos[i]->object.flags |= PARENT2;
-		insert_by_date(twos[i], &list);
+		commit_list_insert_by_date(twos[i], &list);
 	}
 
 	while (interesting(list)) {
@@ -594,7 +608,7 @@
 		if (flags == (PARENT1 | PARENT2)) {
 			if (!(commit->object.flags & RESULT)) {
 				commit->object.flags |= RESULT;
-				insert_by_date(commit, &result);
+				commit_list_insert_by_date(commit, &result);
 			}
 			/* Mark parents of a found merge stale */
 			flags |= STALE;
@@ -608,7 +622,7 @@
 			if (parse_commit(p))
 				return NULL;
 			p->object.flags |= flags;
-			insert_by_date(p, &list);
+			commit_list_insert_by_date(p, &list);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -618,7 +632,7 @@
 	while (list) {
 		struct commit_list *next = list->next;
 		if (!(list->item->object.flags & STALE))
-			insert_by_date(list->item, &result);
+			commit_list_insert_by_date(list->item, &result);
 		free(list);
 		list = next;
 	}
@@ -711,7 +725,7 @@
 	result = NULL;
 	for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
 		if (rslt[i])
-			insert_by_date(rslt[i], &result);
+			commit_list_insert_by_date(rslt[i], &result);
 	}
 	free(rslt);
 	return result;
diff --git a/commit.h b/commit.h
index 9113bbe..eb6c5af 100644
--- a/commit.h
+++ b/commit.h
@@ -36,22 +36,23 @@
 struct commit *lookup_commit_reference(const unsigned char *sha1);
 struct commit *lookup_commit_reference_gently(const unsigned char *sha1,
 					      int quiet);
+struct commit *lookup_commit_reference_by_name(const char *name);
 
 int parse_commit_buffer(struct commit *item, void *buffer, unsigned long size);
-
 int parse_commit(struct commit *item);
 
 /* Find beginning and length of commit subject. */
 int find_commit_subject(const char *commit_buffer, const char **subject);
 
-struct commit_list * commit_list_insert(struct commit *item, struct commit_list **list_p);
+struct commit_list *commit_list_insert(struct commit *item,
+					struct commit_list **list);
 unsigned commit_list_count(const struct commit_list *l);
-struct commit_list * insert_by_date(struct commit *item, struct commit_list **list);
+struct commit_list *commit_list_insert_by_date(struct commit *item,
+				    struct commit_list **list);
+void commit_list_sort_by_date(struct commit_list **list);
 
 void free_commit_list(struct commit_list *list);
 
-void sort_by_date(struct commit_list **list);
-
 /* Commit formats */
 enum cmit_fmt {
 	CMIT_FMT_RAW,
@@ -76,6 +77,7 @@
 	int need_8bit_cte;
 	int show_notes;
 	struct reflog_walk_info *reflog_info;
+	const char *output_encoding;
 };
 
 struct userformat_want {
@@ -84,6 +86,8 @@
 
 extern int has_non_ascii(const char *text);
 struct rev_info; /* in revision.h, it circularly uses enum cmit_fmt */
+extern char *logmsg_reencode(const struct commit *commit,
+			     const char *output_encoding);
 extern char *reencode_commit_message(const struct commit *commit,
 				     const char **encoding_p);
 extern void get_commit_format(const char *arg, struct rev_info *);
diff --git a/compat/inet_ntop.c b/compat/inet_ntop.c
index f444982..ea249c6 100644
--- a/compat/inet_ntop.c
+++ b/compat/inet_ntop.c
@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@
 
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
-#include <sys/socket.h>
-#include <netinet/in.h>
-#include <arpa/inet.h>
+
+#include "../git-compat-util.h"
+
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
@@ -50,10 +50,7 @@
  *	Paul Vixie, 1996.
  */
 static const char *
-inet_ntop4(src, dst, size)
-	const u_char *src;
-	char *dst;
-	size_t size;
+inet_ntop4(const u_char *src, char *dst, size_t size)
 {
 	static const char fmt[] = "%u.%u.%u.%u";
 	char tmp[sizeof "255.255.255.255"];
@@ -78,10 +75,7 @@
  *	Paul Vixie, 1996.
  */
 static const char *
-inet_ntop6(src, dst, size)
-	const u_char *src;
-	char *dst;
-	size_t size;
+inet_ntop6(const u_char *src, char *dst, size_t size)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Note that int32_t and int16_t need only be "at least" large enough
@@ -178,11 +172,7 @@
  *	Paul Vixie, 1996.
  */
 const char *
-inet_ntop(af, src, dst, size)
-	int af;
-	const void *src;
-	char *dst;
-	size_t size;
+inet_ntop(int af, const void *src, char *dst, size_t size)
 {
 	switch (af) {
 	case AF_INET:
diff --git a/compat/inet_pton.c b/compat/inet_pton.c
index 4078fc0..2ec995e 100644
--- a/compat/inet_pton.c
+++ b/compat/inet_pton.c
@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@
 
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
-#include <sys/socket.h>
-#include <netinet/in.h>
-#include <arpa/inet.h>
+
+#include "../git-compat-util.h"
+
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
@@ -41,7 +41,9 @@
  */
 
 static int inet_pton4(const char *src, unsigned char *dst);
+#ifndef NO_IPV6
 static int inet_pton6(const char *src, unsigned char *dst);
+#endif
 
 /* int
  * inet_pton4(src, dst)
diff --git a/compat/mingw.c b/compat/mingw.c
index b98e600..bee6054 100644
--- a/compat/mingw.c
+++ b/compat/mingw.c
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@
 	mode = va_arg(args, int);
 	va_end(args);
 
-	if (!strcmp(filename, "/dev/null"))
+	if (filename && !strcmp(filename, "/dev/null"))
 		filename = "nul";
 
 	fd = open(filename, oflags, mode);
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@
 #undef fopen
 FILE *mingw_fopen (const char *filename, const char *otype)
 {
-	if (!strcmp(filename, "/dev/null"))
+	if (filename && !strcmp(filename, "/dev/null"))
 		filename = "nul";
 	return fopen(filename, otype);
 }
@@ -192,8 +192,11 @@
 /* We keep the do_lstat code in a separate function to avoid recursion.
  * When a path ends with a slash, the stat will fail with ENOENT. In
  * this case, we strip the trailing slashes and stat again.
+ *
+ * If follow is true then act like stat() and report on the link
+ * target. Otherwise report on the link itself.
  */
-static int do_lstat(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
+static int do_lstat(int follow, const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
 {
 	int err;
 	WIN32_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DATA fdata;
@@ -210,6 +213,25 @@
 		buf->st_atime = filetime_to_time_t(&(fdata.ftLastAccessTime));
 		buf->st_mtime = filetime_to_time_t(&(fdata.ftLastWriteTime));
 		buf->st_ctime = filetime_to_time_t(&(fdata.ftCreationTime));
+		if (fdata.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT) {
+			WIN32_FIND_DATAA findbuf;
+			HANDLE handle = FindFirstFileA(file_name, &findbuf);
+			if (handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+				if ((findbuf.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT) &&
+						(findbuf.dwReserved0 == IO_REPARSE_TAG_SYMLINK)) {
+					if (follow) {
+						char buffer[MAXIMUM_REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER_SIZE];
+						buf->st_size = readlink(file_name, buffer, MAXIMUM_REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER_SIZE);
+					} else {
+						buf->st_mode = S_IFLNK;
+					}
+					buf->st_mode |= S_IREAD;
+					if (!(findbuf.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY))
+						buf->st_mode |= S_IWRITE;
+				}
+				FindClose(handle);
+			}
+		}
 		return 0;
 	}
 	errno = err;
@@ -222,12 +244,12 @@
  * complete. Note that Git stat()s are redirected to mingw_lstat()
  * too, since Windows doesn't really handle symlinks that well.
  */
-int mingw_lstat(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
+static int do_stat_internal(int follow, const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
 {
 	int namelen;
 	static char alt_name[PATH_MAX];
 
-	if (!do_lstat(file_name, buf))
+	if (!do_lstat(follow, file_name, buf))
 		return 0;
 
 	/* if file_name ended in a '/', Windows returned ENOENT;
@@ -246,7 +268,16 @@
 
 	memcpy(alt_name, file_name, namelen);
 	alt_name[namelen] = 0;
-	return do_lstat(alt_name, buf);
+	return do_lstat(follow, alt_name, buf);
+}
+
+int mingw_lstat(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
+{
+	return do_stat_internal(0, file_name, buf);
+}
+int mingw_stat(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
+{
+	return do_stat_internal(1, file_name, buf);
 }
 
 #undef fstat
@@ -379,71 +410,6 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int poll(struct pollfd *ufds, unsigned int nfds, int timeout)
-{
-	int i, pending;
-
-	if (timeout >= 0) {
-		if (nfds == 0) {
-			Sleep(timeout);
-			return 0;
-		}
-		return errno = EINVAL, error("poll timeout not supported");
-	}
-
-	/* When there is only one fd to wait for, then we pretend that
-	 * input is available and let the actual wait happen when the
-	 * caller invokes read().
-	 */
-	if (nfds == 1) {
-		if (!(ufds[0].events & POLLIN))
-			return errno = EINVAL, error("POLLIN not set");
-		ufds[0].revents = POLLIN;
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-repeat:
-	pending = 0;
-	for (i = 0; i < nfds; i++) {
-		DWORD avail = 0;
-		HANDLE h = (HANDLE) _get_osfhandle(ufds[i].fd);
-		if (h == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
-			return -1;	/* errno was set */
-
-		if (!(ufds[i].events & POLLIN))
-			return errno = EINVAL, error("POLLIN not set");
-
-		/* this emulation works only for pipes */
-		if (!PeekNamedPipe(h, NULL, 0, NULL, &avail, NULL)) {
-			int err = GetLastError();
-			if (err == ERROR_BROKEN_PIPE) {
-				ufds[i].revents = POLLHUP;
-				pending++;
-			} else {
-				errno = EINVAL;
-				return error("PeekNamedPipe failed,"
-					" GetLastError: %u", err);
-			}
-		} else if (avail) {
-			ufds[i].revents = POLLIN;
-			pending++;
-		} else
-			ufds[i].revents = 0;
-	}
-	if (!pending) {
-		/* The only times that we spin here is when the process
-		 * that is connected through the pipes is waiting for
-		 * its own input data to become available. But since
-		 * the process (pack-objects) is itself CPU intensive,
-		 * it will happily pick up the time slice that we are
-		 * relinquishing here.
-		 */
-		Sleep(0);
-		goto repeat;
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
 struct tm *gmtime_r(const time_t *timep, struct tm *result)
 {
 	/* gmtime() in MSVCRT.DLL is thread-safe, but not reentrant */
@@ -673,6 +639,14 @@
 	return strcasecmp(*ea, *eb);
 }
 
+struct pinfo_t {
+	struct pinfo_t *next;
+	pid_t pid;
+	HANDLE proc;
+} pinfo_t;
+struct pinfo_t *pinfo = NULL;
+CRITICAL_SECTION pinfo_cs;
+
 static pid_t mingw_spawnve_fd(const char *cmd, const char **argv, char **env,
 			      const char *dir,
 			      int prepend_cmd, int fhin, int fhout, int fherr)
@@ -765,7 +739,26 @@
 		return -1;
 	}
 	CloseHandle(pi.hThread);
-	return (pid_t)pi.hProcess;
+
+	/*
+	 * The process ID is the human-readable identifier of the process
+	 * that we want to present in log and error messages. The handle
+	 * is not useful for this purpose. But we cannot close it, either,
+	 * because it is not possible to turn a process ID into a process
+	 * handle after the process terminated.
+	 * Keep the handle in a list for waitpid.
+	 */
+	EnterCriticalSection(&pinfo_cs);
+	{
+		struct pinfo_t *info = xmalloc(sizeof(struct pinfo_t));
+		info->pid = pi.dwProcessId;
+		info->proc = pi.hProcess;
+		info->next = pinfo;
+		pinfo = info;
+	}
+	LeaveCriticalSection(&pinfo_cs);
+
+	return (pid_t)pi.dwProcessId;
 }
 
 static pid_t mingw_spawnve(const char *cmd, const char **argv, char **env,
@@ -875,6 +868,30 @@
 	free_path_split(path);
 }
 
+void mingw_execv(const char *cmd, char *const *argv)
+{
+	mingw_execve(cmd, argv, environ);
+}
+
+int mingw_kill(pid_t pid, int sig)
+{
+	if (pid > 0 && sig == SIGTERM) {
+		HANDLE h = OpenProcess(PROCESS_TERMINATE, FALSE, pid);
+
+		if (TerminateProcess(h, -1)) {
+			CloseHandle(h);
+			return 0;
+		}
+
+		errno = err_win_to_posix(GetLastError());
+		CloseHandle(h);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	errno = EINVAL;
+	return -1;
+}
+
 static char **copy_environ(void)
 {
 	char **env;
@@ -959,19 +976,22 @@
 				   const struct addrinfo *hints,
 				   struct addrinfo **res)
 {
-	struct hostent *h = gethostbyname(node);
+	struct hostent *h = NULL;
 	struct addrinfo *ai;
 	struct sockaddr_in *sin;
 
-	if (!h)
-		return WSAGetLastError();
+	if (node) {
+		h = gethostbyname(node);
+		if (!h)
+			return WSAGetLastError();
+	}
 
 	ai = xmalloc(sizeof(struct addrinfo));
 	*res = ai;
 	ai->ai_flags = 0;
 	ai->ai_family = AF_INET;
-	ai->ai_socktype = hints->ai_socktype;
-	switch (hints->ai_socktype) {
+	ai->ai_socktype = hints ? hints->ai_socktype : 0;
+	switch (ai->ai_socktype) {
 	case SOCK_STREAM:
 		ai->ai_protocol = IPPROTO_TCP;
 		break;
@@ -983,14 +1003,25 @@
 		break;
 	}
 	ai->ai_addrlen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
-	ai->ai_canonname = strdup(h->h_name);
+	if (hints && (hints->ai_flags & AI_CANONNAME))
+		ai->ai_canonname = h ? strdup(h->h_name) : NULL;
+	else
+		ai->ai_canonname = NULL;
 
 	sin = xmalloc(ai->ai_addrlen);
 	memset(sin, 0, ai->ai_addrlen);
 	sin->sin_family = AF_INET;
+	/* Note: getaddrinfo is supposed to allow service to be a string,
+	 * which should be looked up using getservbyname. This is
+	 * currently not implemented */
 	if (service)
 		sin->sin_port = htons(atoi(service));
-	sin->sin_addr = *(struct in_addr *)h->h_addr;
+	if (h)
+		sin->sin_addr = *(struct in_addr *)h->h_addr;
+	else if (hints && (hints->ai_flags & AI_PASSIVE))
+		sin->sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
+	else
+		sin->sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_LOOPBACK;
 	ai->ai_addr = (struct sockaddr *)sin;
 	ai->ai_next = 0;
 	return 0;
@@ -1141,7 +1172,10 @@
 int mingw_socket(int domain, int type, int protocol)
 {
 	int sockfd;
-	SOCKET s = WSASocket(domain, type, protocol, NULL, 0, 0);
+	SOCKET s;
+
+	ensure_socket_initialization();
+	s = WSASocket(domain, type, protocol, NULL, 0, 0);
 	if (s == INVALID_SOCKET) {
 		/*
 		 * WSAGetLastError() values are regular BSD error codes
@@ -1171,6 +1205,45 @@
 	return connect(s, sa, sz);
 }
 
+#undef bind
+int mingw_bind(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *sa, size_t sz)
+{
+	SOCKET s = (SOCKET)_get_osfhandle(sockfd);
+	return bind(s, sa, sz);
+}
+
+#undef setsockopt
+int mingw_setsockopt(int sockfd, int lvl, int optname, void *optval, int optlen)
+{
+	SOCKET s = (SOCKET)_get_osfhandle(sockfd);
+	return setsockopt(s, lvl, optname, (const char*)optval, optlen);
+}
+
+#undef listen
+int mingw_listen(int sockfd, int backlog)
+{
+	SOCKET s = (SOCKET)_get_osfhandle(sockfd);
+	return listen(s, backlog);
+}
+
+#undef accept
+int mingw_accept(int sockfd1, struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t *sz)
+{
+	int sockfd2;
+
+	SOCKET s1 = (SOCKET)_get_osfhandle(sockfd1);
+	SOCKET s2 = accept(s1, sa, sz);
+
+	/* convert into a file descriptor */
+	if ((sockfd2 = _open_osfhandle(s2, O_RDWR|O_BINARY)) < 0) {
+		int err = errno;
+		closesocket(s2);
+		return error("unable to make a socket file descriptor: %s",
+			strerror(err));
+	}
+	return sockfd2;
+}
+
 #undef rename
 int mingw_rename(const char *pold, const char *pnew)
 {
@@ -1388,6 +1461,7 @@
 			const char *, const char *, const char *, INT);
 	T ShellExecute;
 	HMODULE shell32;
+	int r;
 
 	shell32 = LoadLibrary("shell32.dll");
 	if (!shell32)
@@ -1397,9 +1471,12 @@
 		die("cannot run browser");
 
 	printf("Launching default browser to display HTML ...\n");
-	ShellExecute(NULL, "open", htmlpath, NULL, "\\", 0);
-
+	r = (int)ShellExecute(NULL, "open", htmlpath, NULL, "\\", SW_SHOWNORMAL);
 	FreeLibrary(shell32);
+	/* see the MSDN documentation referring to the result codes here */
+	if (r <= 32) {
+		die("failed to launch browser for %.*s", MAX_PATH, unixpath);
+	}
 }
 
 int link(const char *oldpath, const char *newpath)
@@ -1438,62 +1515,54 @@
 	return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 }
 
-#ifndef NO_MINGW_REPLACE_READDIR
-/* MinGW readdir implementation to avoid extra lstats for Git */
-struct mingw_DIR
+pid_t waitpid(pid_t pid, int *status, unsigned options)
 {
-	struct _finddata_t	dd_dta;		/* disk transfer area for this dir */
-	struct mingw_dirent	dd_dir;		/* Our own implementation, including d_type */
-	long			dd_handle;	/* _findnext handle */
-	int			dd_stat; 	/* 0 = next entry to read is first entry, -1 = off the end, positive = 0 based index of next entry */
-	char			dd_name[1]; 	/* given path for dir with search pattern (struct is extended) */
-};
-
-struct dirent *mingw_readdir(DIR *dir)
-{
-	WIN32_FIND_DATAA buf;
-	HANDLE handle;
-	struct mingw_DIR *mdir = (struct mingw_DIR*)dir;
-
-	if (!dir->dd_handle) {
-		errno = EBADF; /* No set_errno for mingw */
-		return NULL;
+	HANDLE h = OpenProcess(SYNCHRONIZE | PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION,
+	    FALSE, pid);
+	if (!h) {
+		errno = ECHILD;
+		return -1;
 	}
 
-	if (dir->dd_handle == (long)INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE && dir->dd_stat == 0)
-	{
-		DWORD lasterr;
-		handle = FindFirstFileA(dir->dd_name, &buf);
-		lasterr = GetLastError();
-		dir->dd_handle = (long)handle;
-		if (handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE && (lasterr != ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES)) {
-			errno = err_win_to_posix(lasterr);
-			return NULL;
+	if (pid > 0 && options & WNOHANG) {
+		if (WAIT_OBJECT_0 != WaitForSingleObject(h, 0)) {
+			CloseHandle(h);
+			return 0;
 		}
-	} else if (dir->dd_handle == (long)INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
-		return NULL;
-	} else if (!FindNextFileA((HANDLE)dir->dd_handle, &buf)) {
-		DWORD lasterr = GetLastError();
-		FindClose((HANDLE)dir->dd_handle);
-		dir->dd_handle = (long)INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
-		/* POSIX says you shouldn't set errno when readdir can't
-		   find any more files; so, if another error we leave it set. */
-		if (lasterr != ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES)
-			errno = err_win_to_posix(lasterr);
-		return NULL;
+		options &= ~WNOHANG;
 	}
 
-	/* We get here if `buf' contains valid data.  */
-	strcpy(dir->dd_dir.d_name, buf.cFileName);
-	++dir->dd_stat;
+	if (options == 0) {
+		struct pinfo_t **ppinfo;
+		if (WaitForSingleObject(h, INFINITE) != WAIT_OBJECT_0) {
+			CloseHandle(h);
+			return 0;
+		}
 
-	/* Set file type, based on WIN32_FIND_DATA */
-	mdir->dd_dir.d_type = 0;
-	if (buf.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY)
-		mdir->dd_dir.d_type |= DT_DIR;
-	else
-		mdir->dd_dir.d_type |= DT_REG;
+		if (status)
+			GetExitCodeProcess(h, (LPDWORD)status);
 
-	return (struct dirent*)&dir->dd_dir;
+		EnterCriticalSection(&pinfo_cs);
+
+		ppinfo = &pinfo;
+		while (*ppinfo) {
+			struct pinfo_t *info = *ppinfo;
+			if (info->pid == pid) {
+				CloseHandle(info->proc);
+				*ppinfo = info->next;
+				free(info);
+				break;
+			}
+			ppinfo = &info->next;
+		}
+
+		LeaveCriticalSection(&pinfo_cs);
+
+		CloseHandle(h);
+		return pid;
+	}
+	CloseHandle(h);
+
+	errno = EINVAL;
+	return -1;
 }
-#endif // !NO_MINGW_REPLACE_READDIR
diff --git a/compat/mingw.h b/compat/mingw.h
index 3b2477b..cafc1eb 100644
--- a/compat/mingw.h
+++ b/compat/mingw.h
@@ -6,23 +6,34 @@
  */
 
 typedef int pid_t;
+typedef int uid_t;
+typedef int socklen_t;
 #define hstrerror strerror
 
 #define S_IFLNK    0120000 /* Symbolic link */
 #define S_ISLNK(x) (((x) & S_IFMT) == S_IFLNK)
 #define S_ISSOCK(x) 0
+
 #define S_IRGRP 0
 #define S_IWGRP 0
 #define S_IXGRP 0
-#define S_ISGID 0
+#define S_IRWXG (S_IRGRP | S_IWGRP | S_IXGRP)
 #define S_IROTH 0
+#define S_IWOTH 0
 #define S_IXOTH 0
+#define S_IRWXO (S_IROTH | S_IWOTH | S_IXOTH)
+#define S_ISUID 0
+#define S_ISGID 0
+#define S_ISVTX 0
 
 #define WIFEXITED(x) 1
 #define WIFSIGNALED(x) 0
 #define WEXITSTATUS(x) ((x) & 0xff)
 #define WTERMSIG(x) SIGTERM
 
+#define EWOULDBLOCK EAGAIN
+#define SHUT_WR SD_SEND
+
 #define SIGHUP 1
 #define SIGQUIT 3
 #define SIGKILL 9
@@ -34,6 +45,9 @@
 #define F_SETFD 2
 #define FD_CLOEXEC 0x1
 
+#define EAFNOSUPPORT WSAEAFNOSUPPORT
+#define ECONNABORTED WSAECONNABORTED
+
 struct passwd {
 	char *pw_name;
 	char *pw_gecos;
@@ -42,16 +56,6 @@
 
 extern char *getpass(const char *prompt);
 
-#ifndef POLLIN
-struct pollfd {
-	int fd;           /* file descriptor */
-	short events;     /* requested events */
-	short revents;    /* returned events */
-};
-#define POLLIN 1
-#define POLLHUP 2
-#endif
-
 typedef void (__cdecl *sig_handler_t)(int);
 struct sigaction {
 	sig_handler_t sa_handler;
@@ -66,6 +70,12 @@
 #define ITIMER_REAL 0
 
 /*
+ * sanitize preprocessor namespace polluted by Windows headers defining
+ * macros which collide with git local versions
+ */
+#undef HELP_COMMAND /* from winuser.h */
+
+/*
  * trivial stubs
  */
 
@@ -75,17 +85,17 @@
 { errno = ENOSYS; return -1; }
 static inline int fchmod(int fildes, mode_t mode)
 { errno = ENOSYS; return -1; }
-static inline int fork(void)
+static inline pid_t fork(void)
 { errno = ENOSYS; return -1; }
 static inline unsigned int alarm(unsigned int seconds)
 { return 0; }
 static inline int fsync(int fd)
 { return _commit(fd); }
-static inline int getppid(void)
+static inline pid_t getppid(void)
 { return 1; }
 static inline void sync(void)
 {}
-static inline int getuid()
+static inline uid_t getuid(void)
 { return 1; }
 static inline struct passwd *getpwnam(const char *name)
 { return NULL; }
@@ -117,13 +127,11 @@
 }
 #define unlink mingw_unlink
 
-static inline int waitpid(pid_t pid, int *status, unsigned options)
-{
-	if (options == 0)
-		return _cwait(status, pid, 0);
-	errno = EINVAL;
-	return -1;
-}
+#define WNOHANG 1
+pid_t waitpid(pid_t pid, int *status, unsigned options);
+
+#define kill mingw_kill
+int mingw_kill(pid_t pid, int sig);
 
 #ifndef NO_OPENSSL
 #include <openssl/ssl.h>
@@ -154,11 +162,10 @@
 unsigned int sleep (unsigned int seconds);
 int mkstemp(char *template);
 int gettimeofday(struct timeval *tv, void *tz);
-int poll(struct pollfd *ufds, unsigned int nfds, int timeout);
 struct tm *gmtime_r(const time_t *timep, struct tm *result);
 struct tm *localtime_r(const time_t *timep, struct tm *result);
 int getpagesize(void);	/* defined in MinGW's libgcc.a */
-struct passwd *getpwuid(int uid);
+struct passwd *getpwuid(uid_t uid);
 int setitimer(int type, struct itimerval *in, struct itimerval *out);
 int sigaction(int sig, struct sigaction *in, struct sigaction *out);
 int link(const char *oldpath, const char *newpath);
@@ -206,6 +213,18 @@
 int mingw_connect(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *sa, size_t sz);
 #define connect mingw_connect
 
+int mingw_bind(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *sa, size_t sz);
+#define bind mingw_bind
+
+int mingw_setsockopt(int sockfd, int lvl, int optname, void *optval, int optlen);
+#define setsockopt mingw_setsockopt
+
+int mingw_listen(int sockfd, int backlog);
+#define listen mingw_listen
+
+int mingw_accept(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t *sz);
+#define accept mingw_accept
+
 int mingw_rename(const char*, const char*);
 #define rename mingw_rename
 
@@ -222,10 +241,11 @@
 #ifndef ALREADY_DECLARED_STAT_FUNCS
 #define stat _stati64
 int mingw_lstat(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf);
+int mingw_stat(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf);
 int mingw_fstat(int fd, struct stat *buf);
 #define fstat mingw_fstat
 #define lstat mingw_lstat
-#define _stati64(x,y) mingw_lstat(x,y)
+#define _stati64(x,y) mingw_stat(x,y)
 #endif
 
 int mingw_utime(const char *file_name, const struct utimbuf *times);
@@ -236,6 +256,8 @@
 		     int fhin, int fhout, int fherr);
 void mingw_execvp(const char *cmd, char *const *argv);
 #define execvp mingw_execvp
+void mingw_execv(const char *cmd, char *const *argv);
+#define execv mingw_execv
 
 static inline unsigned int git_ntohl(unsigned int x)
 { return (unsigned int)ntohl(x); }
@@ -283,44 +305,17 @@
 static int mingw_main(); \
 int main(int argc, const char **argv) \
 { \
+	extern CRITICAL_SECTION pinfo_cs; \
 	_fmode = _O_BINARY; \
 	_setmode(_fileno(stdin), _O_BINARY); \
 	_setmode(_fileno(stdout), _O_BINARY); \
 	_setmode(_fileno(stderr), _O_BINARY); \
 	argv[0] = xstrdup(_pgmptr); \
+	InitializeCriticalSection(&pinfo_cs); \
 	return mingw_main(argc, argv); \
 } \
 static int mingw_main(c,v)
 
-#ifndef NO_MINGW_REPLACE_READDIR
-/*
- * A replacement of readdir, to ensure that it reads the file type at
- * the same time. This avoid extra unneeded lstats in git on MinGW
- */
-#undef DT_UNKNOWN
-#undef DT_DIR
-#undef DT_REG
-#undef DT_LNK
-#define DT_UNKNOWN	0
-#define DT_DIR		1
-#define DT_REG		2
-#define DT_LNK		3
-
-struct mingw_dirent
-{
-	long		d_ino;			/* Always zero. */
-	union {
-		unsigned short	d_reclen;	/* Always zero. */
-		unsigned char   d_type;		/* Reimplementation adds this */
-	};
-	unsigned short	d_namlen;		/* Length of name in d_name. */
-	char		d_name[FILENAME_MAX];	/* File name. */
-};
-#define dirent mingw_dirent
-#define readdir(x) mingw_readdir(x)
-struct dirent *mingw_readdir(DIR *dir);
-#endif // !NO_MINGW_REPLACE_READDIR
-
 /*
  * Used by Pthread API implementation for Windows
  */
diff --git a/compat/msvc.c b/compat/msvc.c
index ac04a4c..71843d7 100644
--- a/compat/msvc.c
+++ b/compat/msvc.c
@@ -3,33 +3,4 @@
 #include <conio.h>
 #include "../strbuf.h"
 
-DIR *opendir(const char *name)
-{
-	int len;
-	DIR *p;
-	p = (DIR*)malloc(sizeof(DIR));
-	memset(p, 0, sizeof(DIR));
-	strncpy(p->dd_name, name, PATH_MAX);
-	len = strlen(p->dd_name);
-	p->dd_name[len] = '/';
-	p->dd_name[len+1] = '*';
-
-	if (p == NULL)
-		return NULL;
-
-	p->dd_handle = _findfirst(p->dd_name, &p->dd_dta);
-
-	if (p->dd_handle == -1) {
-		free(p);
-		return NULL;
-	}
-	return p;
-}
-int closedir(DIR *dir)
-{
-	_findclose(dir->dd_handle);
-	free(dir);
-	return 0;
-}
-
 #include "mingw.c"
diff --git a/compat/vcbuild/include/dirent.h b/compat/vcbuild/include/dirent.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 440618d..0000000
--- a/compat/vcbuild/include/dirent.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,128 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * DIRENT.H (formerly DIRLIB.H)
- * This file has no copyright assigned and is placed in the Public Domain.
- * This file is a part of the mingw-runtime package.
- *
- * The mingw-runtime package and its code is distributed in the hope that it
- * will be useful but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY.  ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR
- * IMPLIED ARE HEREBY DISCLAIMED.  This includes but is not limited to
- * warranties of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
- *
- * You are free to use this package and its code without limitation.
- */
-#ifndef _DIRENT_H_
-#define _DIRENT_H_
-#include <io.h>
-
-#define PATH_MAX 512
-
-#define __MINGW_NOTHROW
-
-#ifndef RC_INVOKED
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-extern "C" {
-#endif
-
-struct dirent
-{
-	long		d_ino;		/* Always zero. */
-	unsigned short	d_reclen;	/* Always zero. */
-	unsigned short	d_namlen;	/* Length of name in d_name. */
-	char		d_name[FILENAME_MAX]; /* File name. */
-};
-
-/*
- * This is an internal data structure. Good programmers will not use it
- * except as an argument to one of the functions below.
- * dd_stat field is now int (was short in older versions).
- */
-typedef struct
-{
-	/* disk transfer area for this dir */
-	struct _finddata_t	dd_dta;
-
-	/* dirent struct to return from dir (NOTE: this makes this thread
-	 * safe as long as only one thread uses a particular DIR struct at
-	 * a time) */
-	struct dirent		dd_dir;
-
-	/* _findnext handle */
-	long			dd_handle;
-
-	/*
-	 * Status of search:
-	 *   0 = not started yet (next entry to read is first entry)
-	 *  -1 = off the end
-	 *   positive = 0 based index of next entry
-	 */
-	int			dd_stat;
-
-	/* given path for dir with search pattern (struct is extended) */
-	char			dd_name[PATH_MAX+3];
-} DIR;
-
-DIR* __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW opendir (const char*);
-struct dirent* __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW readdir (DIR*);
-int __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW closedir (DIR*);
-void __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW rewinddir (DIR*);
-long __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW telldir (DIR*);
-void __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW seekdir (DIR*, long);
-
-
-/* wide char versions */
-
-struct _wdirent
-{
-	long		d_ino;		/* Always zero. */
-	unsigned short	d_reclen;	/* Always zero. */
-	unsigned short	d_namlen;	/* Length of name in d_name. */
-	wchar_t		d_name[FILENAME_MAX]; /* File name. */
-};
-
-/*
- * This is an internal data structure. Good programmers will not use it
- * except as an argument to one of the functions below.
- */
-typedef struct
-{
-	/* disk transfer area for this dir */
-	//struct _wfinddata_t	dd_dta;
-
-	/* dirent struct to return from dir (NOTE: this makes this thread
-	 * safe as long as only one thread uses a particular DIR struct at
-	 * a time) */
-	struct _wdirent		dd_dir;
-
-	/* _findnext handle */
-	long			dd_handle;
-
-	/*
-	 * Status of search:
-	 *   0 = not started yet (next entry to read is first entry)
-	 *  -1 = off the end
-	 *   positive = 0 based index of next entry
-	 */
-	int			dd_stat;
-
-	/* given path for dir with search pattern (struct is extended) */
-	wchar_t			dd_name[1];
-} _WDIR;
-
-
-
-_WDIR* __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW _wopendir (const wchar_t*);
-struct _wdirent*  __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW _wreaddir (_WDIR*);
-int __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW _wclosedir (_WDIR*);
-void __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW _wrewinddir (_WDIR*);
-long __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW _wtelldir (_WDIR*);
-void __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW _wseekdir (_WDIR*, long);
-
-
-#ifdef	__cplusplus
-}
-#endif
-
-#endif	/* Not RC_INVOKED */
-
-#endif	/* Not _DIRENT_H_ */
diff --git a/compat/vcbuild/include/unistd.h b/compat/vcbuild/include/unistd.h
index 2a4f276..b14fcf9 100644
--- a/compat/vcbuild/include/unistd.h
+++ b/compat/vcbuild/include/unistd.h
@@ -45,6 +45,10 @@
 
 typedef int64_t off64_t;
 
+#define INTMAX_MIN  _I64_MIN
+#define INTMAX_MAX  _I64_MAX
+#define UINTMAX_MAX _UI64_MAX
+
 #define STDOUT_FILENO 1
 #define STDERR_FILENO 2
 
diff --git a/compat/win32/dirent.c b/compat/win32/dirent.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a0debe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/win32/dirent.c
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+#include "../git-compat-util.h"
+#include "dirent.h"
+
+struct DIR {
+	struct dirent dd_dir; /* includes d_type */
+	HANDLE dd_handle;     /* FindFirstFile handle */
+	int dd_stat;          /* 0-based index */
+	char dd_name[1];      /* extend struct */
+};
+
+DIR *opendir(const char *name)
+{
+	DWORD attrs = GetFileAttributesA(name);
+	int len;
+	DIR *p;
+
+	/* check for valid path */
+	if (attrs == INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES) {
+		errno = ENOENT;
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	/* check if it's a directory */
+	if (!(attrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY)) {
+		errno = ENOTDIR;
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	/* check that the pattern won't be too long for FindFirstFileA */
+	len = strlen(name);
+	if (is_dir_sep(name[len - 1]))
+		len--;
+	if (len + 2 >= MAX_PATH) {
+		errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	p = malloc(sizeof(DIR) + len + 2);
+	if (!p)
+		return NULL;
+
+	memset(p, 0, sizeof(DIR) + len + 2);
+	strcpy(p->dd_name, name);
+	p->dd_name[len] = '/';
+	p->dd_name[len+1] = '*';
+
+	p->dd_handle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+	return p;
+}
+
+struct dirent *readdir(DIR *dir)
+{
+	WIN32_FIND_DATAA buf;
+	HANDLE handle;
+
+	if (!dir || !dir->dd_handle) {
+		errno = EBADF; /* No set_errno for mingw */
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (dir->dd_handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE && dir->dd_stat == 0) {
+		DWORD lasterr;
+		handle = FindFirstFileA(dir->dd_name, &buf);
+		lasterr = GetLastError();
+		dir->dd_handle = handle;
+		if (handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE && (lasterr != ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES)) {
+			errno = err_win_to_posix(lasterr);
+			return NULL;
+		}
+	} else if (dir->dd_handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+		return NULL;
+	} else if (!FindNextFileA(dir->dd_handle, &buf)) {
+		DWORD lasterr = GetLastError();
+		FindClose(dir->dd_handle);
+		dir->dd_handle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+		/* POSIX says you shouldn't set errno when readdir can't
+		   find any more files; so, if another error we leave it set. */
+		if (lasterr != ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES)
+			errno = err_win_to_posix(lasterr);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	/* We get here if `buf' contains valid data.  */
+	strcpy(dir->dd_dir.d_name, buf.cFileName);
+	++dir->dd_stat;
+
+	/* Set file type, based on WIN32_FIND_DATA */
+	dir->dd_dir.d_type = 0;
+	if (buf.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY)
+		dir->dd_dir.d_type |= DT_DIR;
+	else
+		dir->dd_dir.d_type |= DT_REG;
+
+	return &dir->dd_dir;
+}
+
+int closedir(DIR *dir)
+{
+	if (!dir) {
+		errno = EBADF;
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	if (dir->dd_handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+		FindClose(dir->dd_handle);
+	free(dir);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/compat/win32/dirent.h b/compat/win32/dirent.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..927a25c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/win32/dirent.h
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#ifndef DIRENT_H
+#define DIRENT_H
+
+typedef struct DIR DIR;
+
+#define DT_UNKNOWN 0
+#define DT_DIR     1
+#define DT_REG     2
+#define DT_LNK     3
+
+struct dirent {
+	long d_ino;                      /* Always zero. */
+	char d_name[FILENAME_MAX];       /* File name. */
+	union {
+		unsigned short d_reclen; /* Always zero. */
+		unsigned char  d_type;   /* Reimplementation adds this */
+	};
+};
+
+DIR *opendir(const char *dirname);
+struct dirent *readdir(DIR *dir);
+int closedir(DIR *dir);
+
+#endif /* DIRENT_H */
diff --git a/compat/win32/sys/poll.c b/compat/win32/sys/poll.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..708a6c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/win32/sys/poll.c
@@ -0,0 +1,599 @@
+/* Emulation for poll(2)
+   Contributed by Paolo Bonzini.
+
+   Copyright 2001-2003, 2006-2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+   This file is part of gnulib.
+
+   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
+   any later version.
+
+   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+   GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+   with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+   Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.  */
+
+/* Tell gcc not to warn about the (nfd < 0) tests, below.  */
+#if (__GNUC__ == 4 && 3 <= __GNUC_MINOR__) || 4 < __GNUC__
+# pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wtype-limits"
+#endif
+
+#include <malloc.h>
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include "poll.h"
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#if (defined _WIN32 || defined __WIN32__) && ! defined __CYGWIN__
+# define WIN32_NATIVE
+# if defined (_MSC_VER)
+#  define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0502
+# endif
+# include <winsock2.h>
+# include <windows.h>
+# include <io.h>
+# include <stdio.h>
+# include <conio.h>
+#else
+# include <sys/time.h>
+# include <sys/socket.h>
+# include <sys/select.h>
+# include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SYS_IOCTL_H
+# include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_SYS_FILIO_H
+# include <sys/filio.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <time.h>
+
+#ifndef INFTIM
+# define INFTIM (-1)
+#endif
+
+/* BeOS does not have MSG_PEEK.  */
+#ifndef MSG_PEEK
+# define MSG_PEEK 0
+#endif
+
+#ifdef WIN32_NATIVE
+
+#define IsConsoleHandle(h) (((long) (h) & 3) == 3)
+
+static BOOL
+IsSocketHandle (HANDLE h)
+{
+  WSANETWORKEVENTS ev;
+
+  if (IsConsoleHandle (h))
+    return FALSE;
+
+  /* Under Wine, it seems that getsockopt returns 0 for pipes too.
+     WSAEnumNetworkEvents instead distinguishes the two correctly.  */
+  ev.lNetworkEvents = 0xDEADBEEF;
+  WSAEnumNetworkEvents ((SOCKET) h, NULL, &ev);
+  return ev.lNetworkEvents != 0xDEADBEEF;
+}
+
+/* Declare data structures for ntdll functions.  */
+typedef struct _FILE_PIPE_LOCAL_INFORMATION {
+  ULONG NamedPipeType;
+  ULONG NamedPipeConfiguration;
+  ULONG MaximumInstances;
+  ULONG CurrentInstances;
+  ULONG InboundQuota;
+  ULONG ReadDataAvailable;
+  ULONG OutboundQuota;
+  ULONG WriteQuotaAvailable;
+  ULONG NamedPipeState;
+  ULONG NamedPipeEnd;
+} FILE_PIPE_LOCAL_INFORMATION, *PFILE_PIPE_LOCAL_INFORMATION;
+
+typedef struct _IO_STATUS_BLOCK
+{
+  union {
+    DWORD Status;
+    PVOID Pointer;
+  } u;
+  ULONG_PTR Information;
+} IO_STATUS_BLOCK, *PIO_STATUS_BLOCK;
+
+typedef enum _FILE_INFORMATION_CLASS {
+  FilePipeLocalInformation = 24
+} FILE_INFORMATION_CLASS, *PFILE_INFORMATION_CLASS;
+
+typedef DWORD (WINAPI *PNtQueryInformationFile)
+	 (HANDLE, IO_STATUS_BLOCK *, VOID *, ULONG, FILE_INFORMATION_CLASS);
+
+# ifndef PIPE_BUF
+#  define PIPE_BUF      512
+# endif
+
+/* Compute revents values for file handle H.  If some events cannot happen
+   for the handle, eliminate them from *P_SOUGHT.  */
+
+static int
+win32_compute_revents (HANDLE h, int *p_sought)
+{
+  int i, ret, happened;
+  INPUT_RECORD *irbuffer;
+  DWORD avail, nbuffer;
+  BOOL bRet;
+  IO_STATUS_BLOCK iosb;
+  FILE_PIPE_LOCAL_INFORMATION fpli;
+  static PNtQueryInformationFile NtQueryInformationFile;
+  static BOOL once_only;
+
+  switch (GetFileType (h))
+    {
+    case FILE_TYPE_PIPE:
+      if (!once_only)
+	{
+	  NtQueryInformationFile = (PNtQueryInformationFile)
+	    GetProcAddress (GetModuleHandle ("ntdll.dll"),
+			    "NtQueryInformationFile");
+	  once_only = TRUE;
+	}
+
+      happened = 0;
+      if (PeekNamedPipe (h, NULL, 0, NULL, &avail, NULL) != 0)
+	{
+	  if (avail)
+	    happened |= *p_sought & (POLLIN | POLLRDNORM);
+	}
+      else if (GetLastError () == ERROR_BROKEN_PIPE)
+	happened |= POLLHUP;
+
+      else
+	{
+	  /* It was the write-end of the pipe.  Check if it is writable.
+	     If NtQueryInformationFile fails, optimistically assume the pipe is
+	     writable.  This could happen on Win9x, where NtQueryInformationFile
+	     is not available, or if we inherit a pipe that doesn't permit
+	     FILE_READ_ATTRIBUTES access on the write end (I think this should
+	     not happen since WinXP SP2; WINE seems fine too).  Otherwise,
+	     ensure that enough space is available for atomic writes.  */
+	  memset (&iosb, 0, sizeof (iosb));
+	  memset (&fpli, 0, sizeof (fpli));
+
+	  if (!NtQueryInformationFile
+	      || NtQueryInformationFile (h, &iosb, &fpli, sizeof (fpli),
+					 FilePipeLocalInformation)
+	      || fpli.WriteQuotaAvailable >= PIPE_BUF
+	      || (fpli.OutboundQuota < PIPE_BUF &&
+		  fpli.WriteQuotaAvailable == fpli.OutboundQuota))
+	    happened |= *p_sought & (POLLOUT | POLLWRNORM | POLLWRBAND);
+	}
+      return happened;
+
+    case FILE_TYPE_CHAR:
+      ret = WaitForSingleObject (h, 0);
+      if (!IsConsoleHandle (h))
+	return ret == WAIT_OBJECT_0 ? *p_sought & ~(POLLPRI | POLLRDBAND) : 0;
+
+      nbuffer = avail = 0;
+      bRet = GetNumberOfConsoleInputEvents (h, &nbuffer);
+      if (bRet)
+	{
+	  /* Input buffer.  */
+	  *p_sought &= POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;
+	  if (nbuffer == 0)
+	    return POLLHUP;
+	  if (!*p_sought)
+	    return 0;
+
+	  irbuffer = (INPUT_RECORD *) alloca (nbuffer * sizeof (INPUT_RECORD));
+	  bRet = PeekConsoleInput (h, irbuffer, nbuffer, &avail);
+	  if (!bRet || avail == 0)
+	    return POLLHUP;
+
+	  for (i = 0; i < avail; i++)
+	    if (irbuffer[i].EventType == KEY_EVENT)
+	      return *p_sought;
+	  return 0;
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  /* Screen buffer.  */
+	  *p_sought &= POLLOUT | POLLWRNORM | POLLWRBAND;
+	  return *p_sought;
+	}
+
+    default:
+      ret = WaitForSingleObject (h, 0);
+      if (ret == WAIT_OBJECT_0)
+	return *p_sought & ~(POLLPRI | POLLRDBAND);
+
+      return *p_sought & (POLLOUT | POLLWRNORM | POLLWRBAND);
+    }
+}
+
+/* Convert fd_sets returned by select into revents values.  */
+
+static int
+win32_compute_revents_socket (SOCKET h, int sought, long lNetworkEvents)
+{
+  int happened = 0;
+
+  if ((lNetworkEvents & (FD_READ | FD_ACCEPT | FD_CLOSE)) == FD_ACCEPT)
+    happened |= (POLLIN | POLLRDNORM) & sought;
+
+  else if (lNetworkEvents & (FD_READ | FD_ACCEPT | FD_CLOSE))
+    {
+      int r, error;
+
+      char data[64];
+      WSASetLastError (0);
+      r = recv (h, data, sizeof (data), MSG_PEEK);
+      error = WSAGetLastError ();
+      WSASetLastError (0);
+
+      if (r > 0 || error == WSAENOTCONN)
+	happened |= (POLLIN | POLLRDNORM) & sought;
+
+      /* Distinguish hung-up sockets from other errors.  */
+      else if (r == 0 || error == WSAESHUTDOWN || error == WSAECONNRESET
+	       || error == WSAECONNABORTED || error == WSAENETRESET)
+	happened |= POLLHUP;
+
+      else
+	happened |= POLLERR;
+    }
+
+  if (lNetworkEvents & (FD_WRITE | FD_CONNECT))
+    happened |= (POLLOUT | POLLWRNORM | POLLWRBAND) & sought;
+
+  if (lNetworkEvents & FD_OOB)
+    happened |= (POLLPRI | POLLRDBAND) & sought;
+
+  return happened;
+}
+
+#else /* !MinGW */
+
+/* Convert select(2) returned fd_sets into poll(2) revents values.  */
+static int
+compute_revents (int fd, int sought, fd_set *rfds, fd_set *wfds, fd_set *efds)
+{
+  int happened = 0;
+  if (FD_ISSET (fd, rfds))
+    {
+      int r;
+      int socket_errno;
+
+# if defined __MACH__ && defined __APPLE__
+      /* There is a bug in Mac OS X that causes it to ignore MSG_PEEK
+	 for some kinds of descriptors.  Detect if this descriptor is a
+	 connected socket, a server socket, or something else using a
+	 0-byte recv, and use ioctl(2) to detect POLLHUP.  */
+      r = recv (fd, NULL, 0, MSG_PEEK);
+      socket_errno = (r < 0) ? errno : 0;
+      if (r == 0 || socket_errno == ENOTSOCK)
+	ioctl (fd, FIONREAD, &r);
+# else
+      char data[64];
+      r = recv (fd, data, sizeof (data), MSG_PEEK);
+      socket_errno = (r < 0) ? errno : 0;
+# endif
+      if (r == 0)
+	happened |= POLLHUP;
+
+      /* If the event happened on an unconnected server socket,
+	 that's fine. */
+      else if (r > 0 || ( /* (r == -1) && */ socket_errno == ENOTCONN))
+	happened |= (POLLIN | POLLRDNORM) & sought;
+
+      /* Distinguish hung-up sockets from other errors.  */
+      else if (socket_errno == ESHUTDOWN || socket_errno == ECONNRESET
+	       || socket_errno == ECONNABORTED || socket_errno == ENETRESET)
+	happened |= POLLHUP;
+
+      else
+	happened |= POLLERR;
+    }
+
+  if (FD_ISSET (fd, wfds))
+    happened |= (POLLOUT | POLLWRNORM | POLLWRBAND) & sought;
+
+  if (FD_ISSET (fd, efds))
+    happened |= (POLLPRI | POLLRDBAND) & sought;
+
+  return happened;
+}
+#endif /* !MinGW */
+
+int
+poll (pfd, nfd, timeout)
+     struct pollfd *pfd;
+     nfds_t nfd;
+     int timeout;
+{
+#ifndef WIN32_NATIVE
+  fd_set rfds, wfds, efds;
+  struct timeval tv;
+  struct timeval *ptv;
+  int maxfd, rc;
+  nfds_t i;
+
+# ifdef _SC_OPEN_MAX
+  static int sc_open_max = -1;
+
+  if (nfd < 0
+      || (nfd > sc_open_max
+	  && (sc_open_max != -1
+	      || nfd > (sc_open_max = sysconf (_SC_OPEN_MAX)))))
+    {
+      errno = EINVAL;
+      return -1;
+    }
+# else /* !_SC_OPEN_MAX */
+#  ifdef OPEN_MAX
+  if (nfd < 0 || nfd > OPEN_MAX)
+    {
+      errno = EINVAL;
+      return -1;
+    }
+#  endif /* OPEN_MAX -- else, no check is needed */
+# endif /* !_SC_OPEN_MAX */
+
+  /* EFAULT is not necessary to implement, but let's do it in the
+     simplest case. */
+  if (!pfd)
+    {
+      errno = EFAULT;
+      return -1;
+    }
+
+  /* convert timeout number into a timeval structure */
+  if (timeout == 0)
+    {
+      ptv = &tv;
+      ptv->tv_sec = 0;
+      ptv->tv_usec = 0;
+    }
+  else if (timeout > 0)
+    {
+      ptv = &tv;
+      ptv->tv_sec = timeout / 1000;
+      ptv->tv_usec = (timeout % 1000) * 1000;
+    }
+  else if (timeout == INFTIM)
+    /* wait forever */
+    ptv = NULL;
+  else
+    {
+      errno = EINVAL;
+      return -1;
+    }
+
+  /* create fd sets and determine max fd */
+  maxfd = -1;
+  FD_ZERO (&rfds);
+  FD_ZERO (&wfds);
+  FD_ZERO (&efds);
+  for (i = 0; i < nfd; i++)
+    {
+      if (pfd[i].fd < 0)
+	continue;
+
+      if (pfd[i].events & (POLLIN | POLLRDNORM))
+	FD_SET (pfd[i].fd, &rfds);
+
+      /* see select(2): "the only exceptional condition detectable
+	 is out-of-band data received on a socket", hence we push
+	 POLLWRBAND events onto wfds instead of efds. */
+      if (pfd[i].events & (POLLOUT | POLLWRNORM | POLLWRBAND))
+	FD_SET (pfd[i].fd, &wfds);
+      if (pfd[i].events & (POLLPRI | POLLRDBAND))
+	FD_SET (pfd[i].fd, &efds);
+      if (pfd[i].fd >= maxfd
+	  && (pfd[i].events & (POLLIN | POLLOUT | POLLPRI
+			       | POLLRDNORM | POLLRDBAND
+			       | POLLWRNORM | POLLWRBAND)))
+	{
+	  maxfd = pfd[i].fd;
+	  if (maxfd > FD_SETSIZE)
+	    {
+	      errno = EOVERFLOW;
+	      return -1;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+  /* examine fd sets */
+  rc = select (maxfd + 1, &rfds, &wfds, &efds, ptv);
+  if (rc < 0)
+    return rc;
+
+  /* establish results */
+  rc = 0;
+  for (i = 0; i < nfd; i++)
+    if (pfd[i].fd < 0)
+      pfd[i].revents = 0;
+    else
+      {
+	int happened = compute_revents (pfd[i].fd, pfd[i].events,
+					&rfds, &wfds, &efds);
+	if (happened)
+	  {
+	    pfd[i].revents = happened;
+	    rc++;
+	  }
+      }
+
+  return rc;
+#else
+  static struct timeval tv0;
+  static HANDLE hEvent;
+  WSANETWORKEVENTS ev;
+  HANDLE h, handle_array[FD_SETSIZE + 2];
+  DWORD ret, wait_timeout, nhandles;
+  fd_set rfds, wfds, xfds;
+  BOOL poll_again;
+  MSG msg;
+  int rc = 0;
+  nfds_t i;
+
+  if (nfd < 0 || timeout < -1)
+    {
+      errno = EINVAL;
+      return -1;
+    }
+
+  if (!hEvent)
+    hEvent = CreateEvent (NULL, FALSE, FALSE, NULL);
+
+  handle_array[0] = hEvent;
+  nhandles = 1;
+  FD_ZERO (&rfds);
+  FD_ZERO (&wfds);
+  FD_ZERO (&xfds);
+
+  /* Classify socket handles and create fd sets. */
+  for (i = 0; i < nfd; i++)
+    {
+      int sought = pfd[i].events;
+      pfd[i].revents = 0;
+      if (pfd[i].fd < 0)
+	continue;
+      if (!(sought & (POLLIN | POLLRDNORM | POLLOUT | POLLWRNORM | POLLWRBAND
+		      | POLLPRI | POLLRDBAND)))
+	continue;
+
+      h = (HANDLE) _get_osfhandle (pfd[i].fd);
+      assert (h != NULL);
+      if (IsSocketHandle (h))
+	{
+	  int requested = FD_CLOSE;
+
+	  /* see above; socket handles are mapped onto select.  */
+	  if (sought & (POLLIN | POLLRDNORM))
+	    {
+	      requested |= FD_READ | FD_ACCEPT;
+	      FD_SET ((SOCKET) h, &rfds);
+	    }
+	  if (sought & (POLLOUT | POLLWRNORM | POLLWRBAND))
+	    {
+	      requested |= FD_WRITE | FD_CONNECT;
+	      FD_SET ((SOCKET) h, &wfds);
+	    }
+	  if (sought & (POLLPRI | POLLRDBAND))
+	    {
+	      requested |= FD_OOB;
+	      FD_SET ((SOCKET) h, &xfds);
+	    }
+
+	  if (requested)
+	    WSAEventSelect ((SOCKET) h, hEvent, requested);
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  /* Poll now.  If we get an event, do not poll again.  Also,
+	     screen buffer handles are waitable, and they'll block until
+	     a character is available.  win32_compute_revents eliminates
+	     bits for the "wrong" direction. */
+	  pfd[i].revents = win32_compute_revents (h, &sought);
+	  if (sought)
+	    handle_array[nhandles++] = h;
+	  if (pfd[i].revents)
+	    timeout = 0;
+	}
+    }
+
+  if (select (0, &rfds, &wfds, &xfds, &tv0) > 0)
+    {
+      /* Do MsgWaitForMultipleObjects anyway to dispatch messages, but
+	 no need to call select again.  */
+      poll_again = FALSE;
+      wait_timeout = 0;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      poll_again = TRUE;
+      if (timeout == INFTIM)
+	wait_timeout = INFINITE;
+      else
+	wait_timeout = timeout;
+    }
+
+  for (;;)
+    {
+      ret = MsgWaitForMultipleObjects (nhandles, handle_array, FALSE,
+				       wait_timeout, QS_ALLINPUT);
+
+      if (ret == WAIT_OBJECT_0 + nhandles)
+	{
+	  /* new input of some other kind */
+	  BOOL bRet;
+	  while ((bRet = PeekMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE)) != 0)
+	    {
+	      TranslateMessage (&msg);
+	      DispatchMessage (&msg);
+	    }
+	}
+      else
+	break;
+    }
+
+  if (poll_again)
+    select (0, &rfds, &wfds, &xfds, &tv0);
+
+  /* Place a sentinel at the end of the array.  */
+  handle_array[nhandles] = NULL;
+  nhandles = 1;
+  for (i = 0; i < nfd; i++)
+    {
+      int happened;
+
+      if (pfd[i].fd < 0)
+	continue;
+      if (!(pfd[i].events & (POLLIN | POLLRDNORM |
+			     POLLOUT | POLLWRNORM | POLLWRBAND)))
+	continue;
+
+      h = (HANDLE) _get_osfhandle (pfd[i].fd);
+      if (h != handle_array[nhandles])
+	{
+	  /* It's a socket.  */
+	  WSAEnumNetworkEvents ((SOCKET) h, NULL, &ev);
+	  WSAEventSelect ((SOCKET) h, 0, 0);
+
+	  /* If we're lucky, WSAEnumNetworkEvents already provided a way
+	     to distinguish FD_READ and FD_ACCEPT; this saves a recv later.  */
+	  if (FD_ISSET ((SOCKET) h, &rfds)
+	      && !(ev.lNetworkEvents & (FD_READ | FD_ACCEPT)))
+	    ev.lNetworkEvents |= FD_READ | FD_ACCEPT;
+	  if (FD_ISSET ((SOCKET) h, &wfds))
+	    ev.lNetworkEvents |= FD_WRITE | FD_CONNECT;
+	  if (FD_ISSET ((SOCKET) h, &xfds))
+	    ev.lNetworkEvents |= FD_OOB;
+
+	  happened = win32_compute_revents_socket ((SOCKET) h, pfd[i].events,
+						   ev.lNetworkEvents);
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  /* Not a socket.  */
+	  int sought = pfd[i].events;
+	  happened = win32_compute_revents (h, &sought);
+	  nhandles++;
+	}
+
+       if ((pfd[i].revents |= happened) != 0)
+	rc++;
+    }
+
+  return rc;
+#endif
+}
diff --git a/compat/win32/sys/poll.h b/compat/win32/sys/poll.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b7aa59d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/win32/sys/poll.h
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/* Header for poll(2) emulation
+   Contributed by Paolo Bonzini.
+
+   Copyright 2001, 2002, 2003, 2007, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+   This file is part of gnulib.
+
+   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
+   any later version.
+
+   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+   GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+   with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+   Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.  */
+
+#ifndef _GL_POLL_H
+#define _GL_POLL_H
+
+/* fake a poll(2) environment */
+#define POLLIN      0x0001      /* any readable data available   */
+#define POLLPRI     0x0002      /* OOB/Urgent readable data      */
+#define POLLOUT     0x0004      /* file descriptor is writeable  */
+#define POLLERR     0x0008      /* some poll error occurred      */
+#define POLLHUP     0x0010      /* file descriptor was "hung up" */
+#define POLLNVAL    0x0020      /* requested events "invalid"    */
+#define POLLRDNORM  0x0040
+#define POLLRDBAND  0x0080
+#define POLLWRNORM  0x0100
+#define POLLWRBAND  0x0200
+
+struct pollfd
+{
+  int fd;                       /* which file descriptor to poll */
+  short events;                 /* events we are interested in   */
+  short revents;                /* events found on return        */
+};
+
+typedef unsigned long nfds_t;
+
+extern int poll (struct pollfd *pfd, nfds_t nfd, int timeout);
+
+/* Define INFTIM only if doing so conforms to POSIX.  */
+#if !defined (_POSIX_C_SOURCE) && !defined (_XOPEN_SOURCE)
+#define INFTIM (-1)
+#endif
+
+#endif /* _GL_POLL_H */
diff --git a/compat/win32/syslog.c b/compat/win32/syslog.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..42b95a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/win32/syslog.c
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+#include "../../git-compat-util.h"
+#include "../../strbuf.h"
+
+static HANDLE ms_eventlog;
+
+void openlog(const char *ident, int logopt, int facility)
+{
+	if (ms_eventlog)
+		return;
+
+	ms_eventlog = RegisterEventSourceA(NULL, ident);
+
+	if (!ms_eventlog)
+		warning("RegisterEventSource() failed: %lu", GetLastError());
+}
+
+void syslog(int priority, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf_expand_dict_entry dict[] = {
+		{"1", "% 1"},
+		{NULL, NULL}
+	};
+	WORD logtype;
+	char *str;
+	int str_len;
+	va_list ap;
+
+	if (!ms_eventlog)
+		return;
+
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	str_len = vsnprintf(NULL, 0, fmt, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+
+	if (str_len < 0) {
+		warning("vsnprintf failed: '%s'", strerror(errno));
+		return;
+	}
+
+	str = malloc(str_len + 1);
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	vsnprintf(str, str_len + 1, fmt, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+	strbuf_expand(&sb, str, strbuf_expand_dict_cb, &dict);
+	free(str);
+
+	switch (priority) {
+	case LOG_EMERG:
+	case LOG_ALERT:
+	case LOG_CRIT:
+	case LOG_ERR:
+		logtype = EVENTLOG_ERROR_TYPE;
+		break;
+
+	case LOG_WARNING:
+		logtype = EVENTLOG_WARNING_TYPE;
+		break;
+
+	case LOG_NOTICE:
+	case LOG_INFO:
+	case LOG_DEBUG:
+	default:
+		logtype = EVENTLOG_INFORMATION_TYPE;
+		break;
+	}
+
+	ReportEventA(ms_eventlog, logtype, 0, 0, NULL, 1, 0,
+	    (const char **)&sb.buf, NULL);
+
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+}
diff --git a/compat/win32/syslog.h b/compat/win32/syslog.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..70daa7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/win32/syslog.h
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#ifndef SYSLOG_H
+#define SYSLOG_H
+
+#define LOG_PID     0x01
+
+#define LOG_EMERG   0
+#define LOG_ALERT   1
+#define LOG_CRIT    2
+#define LOG_ERR     3
+#define LOG_WARNING 4
+#define LOG_NOTICE  5
+#define LOG_INFO    6
+#define LOG_DEBUG   7
+
+#define LOG_DAEMON  (3<<3)
+
+void openlog(const char *ident, int logopt, int facility);
+void syslog(int priority, const char *fmt, ...);
+
+#endif /* SYSLOG_H */
diff --git a/config.c b/config.c
index 9918b93..625e051 100644
--- a/config.c
+++ b/config.c
@@ -429,13 +429,11 @@
 
 int git_config_maybe_bool(const char *name, const char *value)
 {
-	int v = git_config_maybe_bool_text(name, value);
+	long v = git_config_maybe_bool_text(name, value);
 	if (0 <= v)
 		return v;
-	if (!strcmp(value, "0"))
-		return 0;
-	if (!strcmp(value, "1"))
-		return 1;
+	if (git_parse_long(value, &v))
+		return !!v;
 	return -1;
 }
 
@@ -501,6 +499,13 @@
 		return 0;
 	}
 
+	if (!strcmp(var, "core.abbrevguard")) {
+		unique_abbrev_extra_length = git_config_int(var, value);
+		if (unique_abbrev_extra_length < 0)
+			unique_abbrev_extra_length = 0;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
 	if (!strcmp(var, "core.bare")) {
 		is_bare_repository_cfg = git_config_bool(var, value);
 		return 0;
@@ -847,10 +852,9 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int git_config(config_fn_t fn, void *data)
+int git_config_early(config_fn_t fn, void *data, const char *repo_config)
 {
 	int ret = 0, found = 0;
-	char *repo_config = NULL;
 	const char *home = NULL;
 
 	/* Setting $GIT_CONFIG makes git read _only_ the given config file. */
@@ -872,19 +876,27 @@
 		free(user_config);
 	}
 
-	repo_config = git_pathdup("config");
-	if (!access(repo_config, R_OK)) {
+	if (repo_config && !access(repo_config, R_OK)) {
 		ret += git_config_from_file(fn, repo_config, data);
 		found += 1;
 	}
-	free(repo_config);
 
 	ret += git_config_from_parameters(fn, data);
 	if (config_parameters)
 		found += 1;
 
-	if (found == 0)
-		return -1;
+	return ret == 0 ? found : ret;
+}
+
+int git_config(config_fn_t fn, void *data)
+{
+	char *repo_config = NULL;
+	int ret;
+
+	repo_config = git_pathdup("config");
+	ret = git_config_early(fn, data, repo_config);
+	if (repo_config)
+		free(repo_config);
 	return ret;
 }
 
diff --git a/config.mak.in b/config.mak.in
index a0c34ee..9614973 100644
--- a/config.mak.in
+++ b/config.mak.in
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 export exec_prefix mandir
 export srcdir VPATH
 
-ASCIIDOC8=@ASCIIDOC8@
+ASCIIDOC7=@ASCIIDOC7@
 NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO=@NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO@
 NO_OPENSSL=@NO_OPENSSL@
 NO_CURL=@NO_CURL@
@@ -47,6 +47,8 @@
 NO_HSTRERROR=@NO_HSTRERROR@
 NO_STRCASESTR=@NO_STRCASESTR@
 NO_STRTOK_R=@NO_STRTOK_R@
+NO_FNMATCH=@NO_FNMATCH@
+NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD=@NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD@
 NO_MEMMEM=@NO_MEMMEM@
 NO_STRLCPY=@NO_STRLCPY@
 NO_UINTMAX_T=@NO_UINTMAX_T@
diff --git a/configure.ac b/configure.ac
index 56731c3..5792425 100644
--- a/configure.ac
+++ b/configure.ac
@@ -282,7 +282,15 @@
 GIT_PARSE_WITH_SET_MAKE_VAR(gitconfig, ETC_GITCONFIG,
 			Use VALUE instead of /etc/gitconfig as the
 			global git configuration file.
-			If VALUE is not fully qualified it will be interpretted
+			If VALUE is not fully qualified it will be interpreted
+			as a path relative to the computed prefix at runtime.)
+
+#
+# Allow user to set ETC_GITATTRIBUTES variable
+GIT_PARSE_WITH_SET_MAKE_VAR(gitattributes, ETC_GITATTRIBUTES,
+			Use VALUE instead of /etc/gitattributes as the
+			global git attributes file.
+			If VALUE is not fully qualified it will be interpreted
 			as a path relative to the computed prefix at runtime.)
 
 #
@@ -390,21 +398,21 @@
 	AC_MSG_CHECKING([for asciidoc version])
 	asciidoc_version=`$ASCIIDOC --version 2>/dev/null`
 	case "${asciidoc_version}" in
-	asciidoc' '8*)
-		ASCIIDOC8=YesPlease
+	asciidoc' '7*)
+		ASCIIDOC7=YesPlease
 		AC_MSG_RESULT([${asciidoc_version} > 7])
 		;;
-	asciidoc' '7*)
-		ASCIIDOC8=
+	asciidoc' '8*)
+		ASCIIDOC7=
 		AC_MSG_RESULT([${asciidoc_version}])
 		;;
 	*)
-		ASCIIDOC8=
+		ASCIIDOC7=
 		AC_MSG_RESULT([${asciidoc_version} (unknown)])
 		;;
 	esac
 fi
-AC_SUBST(ASCIIDOC8)
+AC_SUBST(ASCIIDOC7)
 
 
 ## Checks for libraries.
@@ -609,6 +617,18 @@
 [NO_SYS_SELECT_H=UnfortunatelyYes])
 AC_SUBST(NO_SYS_SELECT_H)
 #
+# Define NO_SYS_POLL_H if you don't have sys/poll.h
+AC_CHECK_HEADER([sys/poll.h],
+[NO_SYS_POLL_H=],
+[NO_SYS_POLL_H=UnfortunatelyYes])
+AC_SUBST(NO_SYS_POLL_H)
+#
+# Define NO_INTTYPES_H if you don't have inttypes.h
+AC_CHECK_HEADER([inttypes.h],
+[NO_INTTYPES_H=],
+[NO_INTTYPES_H=UnfortunatelyYes])
+AC_SUBST(NO_INTTYPES_H)
+#
 # Define OLD_ICONV if your library has an old iconv(), where the second
 # (input buffer pointer) parameter is declared with type (const char **).
 AC_DEFUN([OLDICONVTEST_SRC], [[
@@ -810,6 +830,34 @@
 [NO_STRTOK_R=YesPlease])
 AC_SUBST(NO_STRTOK_R)
 #
+# Define NO_FNMATCH if you don't have fnmatch
+GIT_CHECK_FUNC(fnmatch,
+[NO_FNMATCH=],
+[NO_FNMATCH=YesPlease])
+AC_SUBST(NO_FNMATCH)
+#
+# Define NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD if your fnmatch function doesn't have the
+# FNM_CASEFOLD GNU extension.
+AC_CACHE_CHECK([whether the fnmatch function supports the FNMATCH_CASEFOLD GNU extension],
+ [ac_cv_c_excellent_fnmatch], [
+AC_EGREP_CPP(yippeeyeswehaveit,
+	AC_LANG_PROGRAM([
+#include <fnmatch.h>
+],
+[#ifdef FNM_CASEFOLD
+yippeeyeswehaveit
+#endif
+]),
+	[ac_cv_c_excellent_fnmatch=yes],
+	[ac_cv_c_excellent_fnmatch=no])
+])
+if test $ac_cv_c_excellent_fnmatch = yes; then
+	NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD=
+else
+	NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD=YesPlease
+fi
+AC_SUBST(NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD)
+#
 # Define NO_MEMMEM if you don't have memmem.
 GIT_CHECK_FUNC(memmem,
 [NO_MEMMEM=],
@@ -860,6 +908,12 @@
 [NO_MKSTEMPS=YesPlease])
 AC_SUBST(NO_MKSTEMPS)
 #
+# Define NO_INITGROUPS if you don't have initgroups in the C library.
+GIT_CHECK_FUNC(initgroups,
+[NO_INITGROUPS=],
+[NO_INITGROUPS=YesPlease])
+AC_SUBST(NO_INITGROUPS)
+#
 #
 # Define NO_MMAP if you want to avoid mmap.
 #
diff --git a/contrib/ciabot/ciabot.py b/contrib/ciabot/ciabot.py
index d0627e0..9775dff 100755
--- a/contrib/ciabot/ciabot.py
+++ b/contrib/ciabot/ciabot.py
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@
     branch = os.path.basename(refname)
 
     # Compute a shortnane for the revision
-    rev = do("git describe ${merged} 2>/dev/null") or merged[:12]
+    rev = do("git describe '"+ merged +"' 2>/dev/null") or merged[:12]
 
     # Extract the neta-information for the commit
     rawcommit = do("git cat-file commit " + merged)
diff --git a/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash b/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash
index d3037fc..893b771 100755
--- a/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash
+++ b/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash
@@ -21,6 +21,11 @@
 #    2) Added the following line to your .bashrc:
 #        source ~/.git-completion.sh
 #
+#       Or, add the following lines to your .zshrc:
+#        autoload bashcompinit
+#        bashcompinit
+#        source ~/.git-completion.sh
+#
 #    3) Consider changing your PS1 to also show the current branch:
 #        PS1='[\u@\h \W$(__git_ps1 " (%s)")]\$ '
 #
@@ -138,11 +143,12 @@
 		# get the upstream from the "git-svn-id: ..." in a commit message
 		# (git-svn uses essentially the same procedure internally)
 		local svn_upstream=($(git log --first-parent -1 \
-					--grep="^git-svn-id: \(${svn_url_pattern:2}\)" 2>/dev/null))
+					--grep="^git-svn-id: \(${svn_url_pattern#??}\)" 2>/dev/null))
 		if [[ 0 -ne ${#svn_upstream[@]} ]]; then
 			svn_upstream=${svn_upstream[ ${#svn_upstream[@]} - 2 ]}
 			svn_upstream=${svn_upstream%@*}
-			for ((n=1; "$n" <= "${#svn_remote[@]}"; ++n)); do
+			local n_stop="${#svn_remote[@]}"
+			for ((n=1; n <= n_stop; ++n)); do
 				svn_upstream=${svn_upstream#${svn_remote[$n]}}
 			done
 
@@ -321,11 +327,168 @@
 	done
 }
 
+# The following function is based on code from:
+#
+#   bash_completion - programmable completion functions for bash 3.2+
+#
+#   Copyright © 2006-2008, Ian Macdonald <ian@caliban.org>
+#             © 2009-2010, Bash Completion Maintainers
+#                     <bash-completion-devel@lists.alioth.debian.org>
+#
+#   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+#   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+#   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
+#   any later version.
+#
+#   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+#   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+#   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+#   GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+#   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+#   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+#   Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+#
+#   The latest version of this software can be obtained here:
+#
+#   http://bash-completion.alioth.debian.org/
+#
+#   RELEASE: 2.x
+
+# This function can be used to access a tokenized list of words
+# on the command line:
+#
+#	__git_reassemble_comp_words_by_ref '=:'
+#	if test "${words_[cword_-1]}" = -w
+#	then
+#		...
+#	fi
+#
+# The argument should be a collection of characters from the list of
+# word completion separators (COMP_WORDBREAKS) to treat as ordinary
+# characters.
+#
+# This is roughly equivalent to going back in time and setting
+# COMP_WORDBREAKS to exclude those characters.  The intent is to
+# make option types like --date=<type> and <rev>:<path> easy to
+# recognize by treating each shell word as a single token.
+#
+# It is best not to set COMP_WORDBREAKS directly because the value is
+# shared with other completion scripts.  By the time the completion
+# function gets called, COMP_WORDS has already been populated so local
+# changes to COMP_WORDBREAKS have no effect.
+#
+# Output: words_, cword_, cur_.
+
+__git_reassemble_comp_words_by_ref()
+{
+	local exclude i j first
+	# Which word separators to exclude?
+	exclude="${1//[^$COMP_WORDBREAKS]}"
+	cword_=$COMP_CWORD
+	if [ -z "$exclude" ]; then
+		words_=("${COMP_WORDS[@]}")
+		return
+	fi
+	# List of word completion separators has shrunk;
+	# re-assemble words to complete.
+	for ((i=0, j=0; i < ${#COMP_WORDS[@]}; i++, j++)); do
+		# Append each nonempty word consisting of just
+		# word separator characters to the current word.
+		first=t
+		while
+			[ $i -gt 0 ] &&
+			[ -n "${COMP_WORDS[$i]}" ] &&
+			# word consists of excluded word separators
+			[ "${COMP_WORDS[$i]//[^$exclude]}" = "${COMP_WORDS[$i]}" ]
+		do
+			# Attach to the previous token,
+			# unless the previous token is the command name.
+			if [ $j -ge 2 ] && [ -n "$first" ]; then
+				((j--))
+			fi
+			first=
+			words_[$j]=${words_[j]}${COMP_WORDS[i]}
+			if [ $i = $COMP_CWORD ]; then
+				cword_=$j
+			fi
+			if (($i < ${#COMP_WORDS[@]} - 1)); then
+				((i++))
+			else
+				# Done.
+				return
+			fi
+		done
+		words_[$j]=${words_[j]}${COMP_WORDS[i]}
+		if [ $i = $COMP_CWORD ]; then
+			cword_=$j
+		fi
+	done
+}
+
+if ! type _get_comp_words_by_ref >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+if [[ -z ${ZSH_VERSION:+set} ]]; then
+_get_comp_words_by_ref ()
+{
+	local exclude cur_ words_ cword_
+	if [ "$1" = "-n" ]; then
+		exclude=$2
+		shift 2
+	fi
+	__git_reassemble_comp_words_by_ref "$exclude"
+	cur_=${words_[cword_]}
+	while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
+		case "$1" in
+		cur)
+			cur=$cur_
+			;;
+		prev)
+			prev=${words_[$cword_-1]}
+			;;
+		words)
+			words=("${words_[@]}")
+			;;
+		cword)
+			cword=$cword_
+			;;
+		esac
+		shift
+	done
+}
+else
+_get_comp_words_by_ref ()
+{
+	while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
+		case "$1" in
+		cur)
+			cur=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}
+			;;
+		prev)
+			prev=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD-1]}
+			;;
+		words)
+			words=("${COMP_WORDS[@]}")
+			;;
+		cword)
+			cword=$COMP_CWORD
+			;;
+		-n)
+			# assume COMP_WORDBREAKS is already set sanely
+			shift
+			;;
+		esac
+		shift
+	done
+}
+fi
+fi
+
 # __gitcomp accepts 1, 2, 3, or 4 arguments
 # generates completion reply with compgen
 __gitcomp ()
 {
-	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	local cur
+	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur
 	if [ $# -gt 2 ]; then
 		cur="$3"
 	fi
@@ -380,16 +543,20 @@
 	done
 }
 
-# __git_refs accepts 0 or 1 arguments (to pass to __gitdir)
+# __git_refs accepts 0, 1 (to pass to __gitdir), or 2 arguments
+# presence of 2nd argument means use the guess heuristic employed
+# by checkout for tracking branches
 __git_refs ()
 {
-	local i is_hash=y dir="$(__gitdir "${1-}")"
-	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}" format refs
+	local i is_hash=y dir="$(__gitdir "${1-}")" track="${2-}"
+	local cur format refs
+	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur
 	if [ -d "$dir" ]; then
 		case "$cur" in
 		refs|refs/*)
 			format="refname"
 			refs="${cur%/*}"
+			track=""
 			;;
 		*)
 			for i in HEAD FETCH_HEAD ORIG_HEAD MERGE_HEAD; do
@@ -401,6 +568,21 @@
 		esac
 		git --git-dir="$dir" for-each-ref --format="%($format)" \
 			$refs
+		if [ -n "$track" ]; then
+			# employ the heuristic used by git checkout
+			# Try to find a remote branch that matches the completion word
+			# but only output if the branch name is unique
+			local ref entry
+			git --git-dir="$dir" for-each-ref --shell --format="ref=%(refname:short)" \
+				"refs/remotes/" | \
+			while read entry; do
+				eval "$entry"
+				ref="${ref#*/}"
+				if [[ "$ref" == "$cur"* ]]; then
+					echo "$ref"
+				fi
+			done | uniq -u
+		fi
 		return
 	fi
 	for i in $(git ls-remote "$dir" 2>/dev/null); do
@@ -482,7 +664,8 @@
 
 __git_complete_file ()
 {
-	local pfx ls ref cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	local pfx ls ref cur
+	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur
 	case "$cur" in
 	?*:*)
 		ref="${cur%%:*}"
@@ -530,7 +713,8 @@
 
 __git_complete_revlist ()
 {
-	local pfx cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	local pfx cur
+	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur
 	case "$cur" in
 	*...*)
 		pfx="${cur%...*}..."
@@ -550,11 +734,12 @@
 
 __git_complete_remote_or_refspec ()
 {
-	local cmd="${COMP_WORDS[1]}"
-	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	local cur words cword
+	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur words cword
+	local cmd="${words[1]}"
 	local i c=2 remote="" pfx="" lhs=1 no_complete_refspec=0
-	while [ $c -lt $COMP_CWORD ]; do
-		i="${COMP_WORDS[c]}"
+	while [ $c -lt $cword ]; do
+		i="${words[c]}"
 		case "$i" in
 		--mirror) [ "$cmd" = "push" ] && no_complete_refspec=1 ;;
 		--all)
@@ -622,13 +807,14 @@
 
 __git_complete_strategy ()
 {
+	local cur prev
+	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur prev
 	__git_compute_merge_strategies
-	case "${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD-1]}" in
+	case "$prev" in
 	-s|--strategy)
 		__gitcomp "$__git_merge_strategies"
 		return 0
 	esac
-	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
 	case "$cur" in
 	--strategy=*)
 		__gitcomp "$__git_merge_strategies" "" "${cur##--strategy=}"
@@ -711,7 +897,6 @@
 		quiltimport)      : import;;
 		read-tree)        : plumbing;;
 		receive-pack)     : plumbing;;
-		reflog)           : plumbing;;
 		remote-*)         : transport;;
 		repo-config)      : deprecated;;
 		rerere)           : plumbing;;
@@ -750,6 +935,19 @@
 	: ${__git_porcelain_commands:=$(__git_list_porcelain_commands)}
 }
 
+__git_pretty_aliases ()
+{
+	local i IFS=$'\n'
+	for i in $(git --git-dir="$(__gitdir)" config --get-regexp "pretty\..*" 2>/dev/null); do
+		case "$i" in
+		pretty.*)
+			i="${i#pretty.}"
+			echo "${i/ */}"
+			;;
+		esac
+	done
+}
+
 __git_aliases ()
 {
 	local i IFS=$'\n'
@@ -788,10 +986,10 @@
 # __git_find_on_cmdline requires 1 argument
 __git_find_on_cmdline ()
 {
-	local word subcommand c=1
-
-	while [ $c -lt $COMP_CWORD ]; do
-		word="${COMP_WORDS[c]}"
+	local word subcommand c=1 words cword
+	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: words cword
+	while [ $c -lt $cword ]; do
+		word="${words[c]}"
 		for subcommand in $1; do
 			if [ "$subcommand" = "$word" ]; then
 				echo "$subcommand"
@@ -804,9 +1002,10 @@
 
 __git_has_doubledash ()
 {
-	local c=1
-	while [ $c -lt $COMP_CWORD ]; do
-		if [ "--" = "${COMP_WORDS[c]}" ]; then
+	local c=1 words cword
+	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: words cword
+	while [ $c -lt $cword ]; do
+		if [ "--" = "${words[c]}" ]; then
 			return 0
 		fi
 		c=$((++c))
@@ -818,7 +1017,8 @@
 
 _git_am ()
 {
-	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}" dir="$(__gitdir)"
+	local cur dir="$(__gitdir)"
+	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur
 	if [ -d "$dir"/rebase-apply ]; then
 		__gitcomp "--skip --continue --resolved --abort"
 		return
@@ -842,7 +1042,8 @@
 
 _git_apply ()
 {
-	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	local cur
+	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur
 	case "$cur" in
 	--whitespace=*)
 		__gitcomp "$__git_whitespacelist" "" "${cur##--whitespace=}"
@@ -865,7 +1066,8 @@
 {
 	__git_has_doubledash && return
 
-	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	local cur
+	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "
@@ -879,7 +1081,8 @@
 
 _git_archive ()
 {
-	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	local cur
+	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur
 	case "$cur" in
 	--format=*)
 		__gitcomp "$(git archive --list)" "" "${cur##--format=}"
@@ -907,12 +1110,16 @@
 	local subcommands="start bad good skip reset visualize replay log run"
 	local subcommand="$(__git_find_on_cmdline "$subcommands")"
 	if [ -z "$subcommand" ]; then
-		__gitcomp "$subcommands"
+		if [ -f "$(__gitdir)"/BISECT_START ]; then
+			__gitcomp "$subcommands"
+		else
+			__gitcomp "replay start"
+		fi
 		return
 	fi
 
 	case "$subcommand" in
-	bad|good|reset|skip)
+	bad|good|reset|skip|start)
 		__gitcomp "$(__git_refs)"
 		;;
 	*)
@@ -923,10 +1130,11 @@
 
 _git_branch ()
 {
-	local i c=1 only_local_ref="n" has_r="n"
+	local i c=1 only_local_ref="n" has_r="n" cur words cword
 
-	while [ $c -lt $COMP_CWORD ]; do
-		i="${COMP_WORDS[c]}"
+	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur words cword
+	while [ $c -lt $cword ]; do
+		i="${words[c]}"
 		case "$i" in
 		-d|-m)	only_local_ref="y" ;;
 		-r)	has_r="y" ;;
@@ -934,7 +1142,7 @@
 		c=$((++c))
 	done
 
-	case "${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}" in
+	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "
 			--color --no-color --verbose --abbrev= --no-abbrev
@@ -954,8 +1162,10 @@
 
 _git_bundle ()
 {
-	local cmd="${COMP_WORDS[2]}"
-	case "$COMP_CWORD" in
+	local words cword
+	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: words cword
+	local cmd="${words[2]}"
+	case "$cword" in
 	2)
 		__gitcomp "create list-heads verify unbundle"
 		;;
@@ -976,7 +1186,8 @@
 {
 	__git_has_doubledash && return
 
-	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	local cur
+	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur
 	case "$cur" in
 	--conflict=*)
 		__gitcomp "diff3 merge" "" "${cur##--conflict=}"
@@ -988,7 +1199,13 @@
 			"
 		;;
 	*)
-		__gitcomp "$(__git_refs)"
+		# check if --track, --no-track, or --no-guess was specified
+		# if so, disable DWIM mode
+		local flags="--track --no-track --no-guess" track=1
+		if [ -n "$(__git_find_on_cmdline "$flags")" ]; then
+			track=''
+		fi
+		__gitcomp "$(__git_refs '' $track)"
 		;;
 	esac
 }
@@ -1000,7 +1217,8 @@
 
 _git_cherry_pick ()
 {
-	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	local cur
+	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "--edit --no-commit"
@@ -1015,7 +1233,8 @@
 {
 	__git_has_doubledash && return
 
-	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	local cur
+	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "--dry-run --quiet"
@@ -1027,7 +1246,8 @@
 
 _git_clone ()
 {
-	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	local cur
+	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "
@@ -1054,7 +1274,8 @@
 {
 	__git_has_doubledash && return
 
-	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	local cur
+	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur
 	case "$cur" in
 	--cleanup=*)
 		__gitcomp "default strip verbatim whitespace
@@ -1089,7 +1310,8 @@
 
 _git_describe ()
 {
-	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	local cur
+	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "
@@ -1121,7 +1343,8 @@
 {
 	__git_has_doubledash && return
 
-	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	local cur
+	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "--cached --staged --pickaxe-all --pickaxe-regex
@@ -1142,7 +1365,8 @@
 {
 	__git_has_doubledash && return
 
-	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	local cur
+	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur
 	case "$cur" in
 	--tool=*)
 		__gitcomp "$__git_mergetools_common kompare" "" "${cur##--tool=}"
@@ -1167,7 +1391,8 @@
 
 _git_fetch ()
 {
-	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	local cur
+	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "$__git_fetch_options"
@@ -1179,7 +1404,8 @@
 
 _git_format_patch ()
 {
-	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	local cur
+	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur
 	case "$cur" in
 	--thread=*)
 		__gitcomp "
@@ -1211,7 +1437,8 @@
 
 _git_fsck ()
 {
-	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	local cur
+	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "
@@ -1226,7 +1453,8 @@
 
 _git_gc ()
 {
-	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	local cur
+	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "--prune --aggressive"
@@ -1245,7 +1473,8 @@
 {
 	__git_has_doubledash && return
 
-	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	local cur
+	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "
@@ -1268,7 +1497,8 @@
 
 _git_help ()
 {
-	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	local cur
+	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "--all --info --man --web"
@@ -1286,7 +1516,8 @@
 
 _git_init ()
 {
-	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	local cur
+	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur
 	case "$cur" in
 	--shared=*)
 		__gitcomp "
@@ -1306,7 +1537,8 @@
 {
 	__git_has_doubledash && return
 
-	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	local cur
+	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "--cached --deleted --modified --others --ignored
@@ -1360,20 +1592,21 @@
 {
 	__git_has_doubledash && return
 
-	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
 	local g="$(git rev-parse --git-dir 2>/dev/null)"
 	local merge=""
 	if [ -f "$g/MERGE_HEAD" ]; then
 		merge="--merge"
 	fi
+	local cur
+	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur
 	case "$cur" in
 	--pretty=*)
-		__gitcomp "$__git_log_pretty_formats
+		__gitcomp "$__git_log_pretty_formats $(__git_pretty_aliases)
 			" "" "${cur##--pretty=}"
 		return
 		;;
 	--format=*)
-		__gitcomp "$__git_log_pretty_formats
+		__gitcomp "$__git_log_pretty_formats $(__git_pretty_aliases)
 			" "" "${cur##--format=}"
 		return
 		;;
@@ -1419,7 +1652,8 @@
 {
 	__git_complete_strategy && return
 
-	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	local cur
+	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "$__git_merge_options"
@@ -1430,7 +1664,8 @@
 
 _git_mergetool ()
 {
-	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	local cur
+	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur
 	case "$cur" in
 	--tool=*)
 		__gitcomp "$__git_mergetools_common tortoisemerge" "" "${cur##--tool=}"
@@ -1451,7 +1686,8 @@
 
 _git_mv ()
 {
-	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	local cur
+	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "--dry-run"
@@ -1468,18 +1704,51 @@
 
 _git_notes ()
 {
-	local subcommands="edit show"
-	if [ -z "$(__git_find_on_cmdline "$subcommands")" ]; then
-		__gitcomp "$subcommands"
-		return
-	fi
+	local subcommands='add append copy edit list prune remove show'
+	local subcommand="$(__git_find_on_cmdline "$subcommands")"
+	local cur words cword
+	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur words cword
 
-	case "${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD-1]}" in
-	-m|-F)
-		COMPREPLY=()
+	case "$subcommand,$cur" in
+	,--*)
+		__gitcomp '--ref'
+		;;
+	,*)
+		case "${words[cword-1]}" in
+		--ref)
+			__gitcomp "$(__git_refs)"
+			;;
+		*)
+			__gitcomp "$subcommands --ref"
+			;;
+		esac
+		;;
+	add,--reuse-message=*|append,--reuse-message=*)
+		__gitcomp "$(__git_refs)" "" "${cur##--reuse-message=}"
+		;;
+	add,--reedit-message=*|append,--reedit-message=*)
+		__gitcomp "$(__git_refs)" "" "${cur##--reedit-message=}"
+		;;
+	add,--*|append,--*)
+		__gitcomp '--file= --message= --reedit-message=
+				--reuse-message='
+		;;
+	copy,--*)
+		__gitcomp '--stdin'
+		;;
+	prune,--*)
+		__gitcomp '--dry-run --verbose'
+		;;
+	prune,*)
 		;;
 	*)
-		__gitcomp "$(__git_refs)"
+		case "${words[cword-1]}" in
+		-m|-F)
+			;;
+		*)
+			__gitcomp "$(__git_refs)"
+			;;
+		esac
 		;;
 	esac
 }
@@ -1488,7 +1757,8 @@
 {
 	__git_complete_strategy && return
 
-	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	local cur
+	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "
@@ -1504,8 +1774,9 @@
 
 _git_push ()
 {
-	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
-	case "${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD-1]}" in
+	local cur prev
+	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur prev
+	case "$prev" in
 	--repo)
 		__gitcomp "$(__git_remotes)"
 		return
@@ -1528,7 +1799,9 @@
 
 _git_rebase ()
 {
-	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}" dir="$(__gitdir)"
+	local dir="$(__gitdir)"
+	local cur
+	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur
 	if [ -d "$dir"/rebase-apply ] || [ -d "$dir"/rebase-merge ]; then
 		__gitcomp "--continue --skip --abort"
 		return
@@ -1553,12 +1826,25 @@
 	__gitcomp "$(__git_refs)"
 }
 
+_git_reflog ()
+{
+	local subcommands="show delete expire"
+	local subcommand="$(__git_find_on_cmdline "$subcommands")"
+
+	if [ -z "$subcommand" ]; then
+		__gitcomp "$subcommands"
+	else
+		__gitcomp "$(__git_refs)"
+	fi
+}
+
 __git_send_email_confirm_options="always never auto cc compose"
 __git_send_email_suppresscc_options="author self cc bodycc sob cccmd body all"
 
 _git_send_email ()
 {
-	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	local cur
+	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur
 	case "$cur" in
 	--confirm=*)
 		__gitcomp "
@@ -1600,9 +1886,11 @@
 
 __git_config_get_set_variables ()
 {
-	local prevword word config_file= c=$COMP_CWORD
+	local words cword
+	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: words cword
+	local prevword word config_file= c=$cword
 	while [ $c -gt 1 ]; do
-		word="${COMP_WORDS[c]}"
+		word="${words[c]}"
 		case "$word" in
 		--global|--system|--file=*)
 			config_file="$word"
@@ -1630,9 +1918,9 @@
 
 _git_config ()
 {
-	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
-	local prv="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD-1]}"
-	case "$prv" in
+	local cur prev
+	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur prev
+	case "$prev" in
 	branch.*.remote)
 		__gitcomp "$(__git_remotes)"
 		return
@@ -1642,13 +1930,13 @@
 		return
 		;;
 	remote.*.fetch)
-		local remote="${prv#remote.}"
+		local remote="${prev#remote.}"
 		remote="${remote%.fetch}"
 		__gitcomp "$(__git_refs_remotes "$remote")"
 		return
 		;;
 	remote.*.push)
-		local remote="${prv#remote.}"
+		local remote="${prev#remote.}"
 		remote="${remote%.push}"
 		__gitcomp "$(git --git-dir="$(__gitdir)" \
 			for-each-ref --format='%(refname):%(refname)' \
@@ -1785,30 +2073,50 @@
 		;;
 	esac
 	__gitcomp "
-		add.ignore-errors
+		add.ignoreErrors
+		advice.commitBeforeMerge
+		advice.detachedHead
+		advice.implicitIdentity
+		advice.pushNonFastForward
+		advice.resolveConflict
+		advice.statusHints
 		alias.
+		am.keepcr
 		apply.ignorewhitespace
 		apply.whitespace
 		branch.autosetupmerge
 		branch.autosetuprebase
+		browser.
 		clean.requireForce
 		color.branch
 		color.branch.current
 		color.branch.local
 		color.branch.plain
 		color.branch.remote
+		color.decorate.HEAD
+		color.decorate.branch
+		color.decorate.remoteBranch
+		color.decorate.stash
+		color.decorate.tag
 		color.diff
 		color.diff.commit
 		color.diff.frag
+		color.diff.func
 		color.diff.meta
 		color.diff.new
 		color.diff.old
 		color.diff.plain
 		color.diff.whitespace
 		color.grep
-		color.grep.external
+		color.grep.context
+		color.grep.filename
+		color.grep.function
+		color.grep.linenumber
 		color.grep.match
+		color.grep.selected
+		color.grep.separator
 		color.interactive
+		color.interactive.error
 		color.interactive.header
 		color.interactive.help
 		color.interactive.prompt
@@ -1822,21 +2130,29 @@
 		color.status.untracked
 		color.status.updated
 		color.ui
+		commit.status
 		commit.template
+		core.abbrevguard
+		core.askpass
+		core.attributesfile
 		core.autocrlf
 		core.bare
+		core.bigFileThreshold
 		core.compression
 		core.createObject
 		core.deltaBaseCacheLimit
 		core.editor
+		core.eol
 		core.excludesfile
 		core.fileMode
 		core.fsyncobjectfiles
 		core.gitProxy
 		core.ignoreCygwinFSTricks
 		core.ignoreStat
+		core.ignorecase
 		core.logAllRefUpdates
 		core.loosecompression
+		core.notesRef
 		core.packedGitLimit
 		core.packedGitWindowSize
 		core.pager
@@ -1846,6 +2162,7 @@
 		core.repositoryFormatVersion
 		core.safecrlf
 		core.sharedRepository
+		core.sparseCheckout
 		core.symlinks
 		core.trustctime
 		core.warnAmbiguousRefs
@@ -1853,15 +2170,17 @@
 		core.worktree
 		diff.autorefreshindex
 		diff.external
+		diff.ignoreSubmodules
 		diff.mnemonicprefix
+		diff.noprefix
 		diff.renameLimit
-		diff.renameLimit.
 		diff.renames
 		diff.suppressBlankEmpty
 		diff.tool
 		diff.wordRegex
 		difftool.
 		difftool.prompt
+		fetch.recurseSubmodules
 		fetch.unpackLimit
 		format.attach
 		format.cc
@@ -1873,6 +2192,8 @@
 		format.subjectprefix
 		format.suffix
 		format.thread
+		format.to
+		gc.
 		gc.aggressiveWindow
 		gc.auto
 		gc.autopacklimit
@@ -1910,15 +2231,20 @@
 		http.lowSpeedLimit
 		http.lowSpeedTime
 		http.maxRequests
+		http.minSessions
 		http.noEPSV
+		http.postBuffer
 		http.proxy
 		http.sslCAInfo
 		http.sslCAPath
 		http.sslCert
+		http.sslCertPasswordProtected
 		http.sslKey
 		http.sslVerify
+		http.useragent
 		i18n.commitEncoding
 		i18n.logOutputEncoding
+		imap.authMethod
 		imap.folder
 		imap.host
 		imap.pass
@@ -1927,6 +2253,7 @@
 		imap.sslverify
 		imap.tunnel
 		imap.user
+		init.templatedir
 		instaweb.browser
 		instaweb.httpd
 		instaweb.local
@@ -1934,19 +2261,29 @@
 		instaweb.port
 		interactive.singlekey
 		log.date
+		log.decorate
 		log.showroot
 		mailmap.file
 		man.
 		man.viewer
+		merge.
 		merge.conflictstyle
 		merge.log
 		merge.renameLimit
+		merge.renormalize
 		merge.stat
 		merge.tool
 		merge.verbosity
 		mergetool.
 		mergetool.keepBackup
+		mergetool.keepTemporaries
 		mergetool.prompt
+		notes.displayRef
+		notes.rewrite.
+		notes.rewrite.amend
+		notes.rewrite.rebase
+		notes.rewriteMode
+		notes.rewriteRef
 		pack.compression
 		pack.deltaCacheLimit
 		pack.deltaCacheSize
@@ -1957,31 +2294,42 @@
 		pack.window
 		pack.windowMemory
 		pager.
+		pretty.
 		pull.octopus
 		pull.twohead
 		push.default
+		rebase.autosquash
 		rebase.stat
+		receive.autogc
 		receive.denyCurrentBranch
+		receive.denyDeleteCurrent
 		receive.denyDeletes
 		receive.denyNonFastForwards
 		receive.fsckObjects
 		receive.unpackLimit
+		receive.updateserverinfo
+		remotes.
 		repack.usedeltabaseoffset
 		rerere.autoupdate
 		rerere.enabled
+		sendemail.
 		sendemail.aliasesfile
-		sendemail.aliasesfiletype
+		sendemail.aliasfiletype
 		sendemail.bcc
 		sendemail.cc
 		sendemail.cccmd
 		sendemail.chainreplyto
 		sendemail.confirm
 		sendemail.envelopesender
+		sendemail.from
+		sendemail.identity
 		sendemail.multiedit
 		sendemail.signedoffbycc
+		sendemail.smtpdomain
 		sendemail.smtpencryption
 		sendemail.smtppass
 		sendemail.smtpserver
+		sendemail.smtpserveroption
 		sendemail.smtpserverport
 		sendemail.smtpuser
 		sendemail.suppresscc
@@ -1992,6 +2340,8 @@
 		showbranch.default
 		status.relativePaths
 		status.showUntrackedFiles
+		status.submodulesummary
+		submodule.
 		tar.umask
 		transfer.unpackLimit
 		url.
@@ -2039,7 +2389,8 @@
 {
 	__git_has_doubledash && return
 
-	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	local cur
+	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "--merge --mixed --hard --soft --patch"
@@ -2051,7 +2402,8 @@
 
 _git_revert ()
 {
-	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	local cur
+	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "--edit --mainline --no-edit --no-commit --signoff"
@@ -2065,7 +2417,8 @@
 {
 	__git_has_doubledash && return
 
-	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	local cur
+	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "--cached --dry-run --ignore-unmatch --quiet"
@@ -2079,7 +2432,8 @@
 {
 	__git_has_doubledash && return
 
-	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	local cur
+	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "
@@ -2097,15 +2451,16 @@
 {
 	__git_has_doubledash && return
 
-	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	local cur
+	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur
 	case "$cur" in
 	--pretty=*)
-		__gitcomp "$__git_log_pretty_formats
+		__gitcomp "$__git_log_pretty_formats $(__git_pretty_aliases)
 			" "" "${cur##--pretty=}"
 		return
 		;;
 	--format=*)
-		__gitcomp "$__git_log_pretty_formats
+		__gitcomp "$__git_log_pretty_formats $(__git_pretty_aliases)
 			" "" "${cur##--format=}"
 		return
 		;;
@@ -2121,7 +2476,8 @@
 
 _git_show_branch ()
 {
-	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	local cur
+	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "
@@ -2138,7 +2494,8 @@
 
 _git_stash ()
 {
-	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	local cur
+	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur
 	local save_opts='--keep-index --no-keep-index --quiet --patch'
 	local subcommands='save list show apply clear drop pop create branch'
 	local subcommand="$(__git_find_on_cmdline "$subcommands")"
@@ -2183,7 +2540,8 @@
 
 	local subcommands="add status init update summary foreach sync"
 	if [ -z "$(__git_find_on_cmdline "$subcommands")" ]; then
-		local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+		local cur
+		_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur
 		case "$cur" in
 		--*)
 			__gitcomp "--quiet --cached"
@@ -2227,7 +2585,8 @@
 			--edit --rmdir --find-copies-harder --copy-similarity=
 			"
 
-		local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+		local cur
+		_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur
 		case "$subcommand,$cur" in
 		fetch,--*)
 			__gitcomp "--revision= --fetch-all $fc_opts"
@@ -2299,8 +2658,10 @@
 _git_tag ()
 {
 	local i c=1 f=0
-	while [ $c -lt $COMP_CWORD ]; do
-		i="${COMP_WORDS[c]}"
+	local words cword prev
+	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: words cword prev
+	while [ $c -lt $cword ]; do
+		i="${words[c]}"
 		case "$i" in
 		-d|-v)
 			__gitcomp "$(__git_tags)"
@@ -2313,7 +2674,7 @@
 		c=$((++c))
 	done
 
-	case "${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD-1]}" in
+	case "$prev" in
 	-m|-F)
 		COMPREPLY=()
 		;;
@@ -2339,8 +2700,15 @@
 {
 	local i c=1 command __git_dir
 
-	while [ $c -lt $COMP_CWORD ]; do
-		i="${COMP_WORDS[c]}"
+	if [[ -n ${ZSH_VERSION-} ]]; then
+		emulate -L bash
+		setopt KSH_TYPESET
+	fi
+
+	local cur words cword
+	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur words cword
+	while [ $c -lt $cword ]; do
+		i="${words[c]}"
 		case "$i" in
 		--git-dir=*) __git_dir="${i#--git-dir=}" ;;
 		--bare)      __git_dir="." ;;
@@ -2352,7 +2720,7 @@
 	done
 
 	if [ -z "$command" ]; then
-		case "${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}" in
+		case "$cur" in
 		--*)   __gitcomp "
 			--paginate
 			--no-pager
@@ -2372,25 +2740,31 @@
 	fi
 
 	local completion_func="_git_${command//-/_}"
-	declare -F $completion_func >/dev/null && $completion_func && return
+	declare -f $completion_func >/dev/null && $completion_func && return
 
 	local expansion=$(__git_aliased_command "$command")
 	if [ -n "$expansion" ]; then
 		completion_func="_git_${expansion//-/_}"
-		declare -F $completion_func >/dev/null && $completion_func
+		declare -f $completion_func >/dev/null && $completion_func
 	fi
 }
 
 _gitk ()
 {
+	if [[ -n ${ZSH_VERSION-} ]]; then
+		emulate -L bash
+		setopt KSH_TYPESET
+	fi
+
 	__git_has_doubledash && return
 
-	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	local cur
 	local g="$(__gitdir)"
 	local merge=""
 	if [ -f "$g/MERGE_HEAD" ]; then
 		merge="--merge"
 	fi
+	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "
@@ -2417,3 +2791,29 @@
 complete -o bashdefault -o default -o nospace -F _git git.exe 2>/dev/null \
 	|| complete -o default -o nospace -F _git git.exe
 fi
+
+if [[ -n ${ZSH_VERSION-} ]]; then
+	shopt () {
+		local option
+		if [ $# -ne 2 ]; then
+			echo "USAGE: $0 (-q|-s|-u) <option>" >&2
+			return 1
+		fi
+		case "$2" in
+		nullglob)
+			option="$2"
+			;;
+		*)
+			echo "$0: invalid option: $2" >&2
+			return 1
+		esac
+		case "$1" in
+		-q)	setopt | grep -q "$option" ;;
+		-u)	unsetopt "$option" ;;
+		-s)	setopt "$option" ;;
+		*)
+			echo "$0: invalid flag: $1" >&2
+			return 1
+		esac
+	}
+fi
diff --git a/contrib/examples/builtin-fetch--tool.c b/contrib/examples/builtin-fetch--tool.c
index cd10dbc..3140e40 100644
--- a/contrib/examples/builtin-fetch--tool.c
+++ b/contrib/examples/builtin-fetch--tool.c
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@
 		what = remote_name + 10;
 	}
 	else if (!strncmp(remote_name, "refs/remotes/", 13)) {
-		kind = "remote branch";
+		kind = "remote-tracking branch";
 		what = remote_name + 13;
 	}
 	else {
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-svnimport.perl b/contrib/examples/git-svnimport.perl
index ead4c04..b09ff8f 100755
--- a/contrib/examples/git-svnimport.perl
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-svnimport.perl
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@
 unless(-d $git_dir) {
 	system("git init");
 	die "Cannot init the GIT db at $git_tree: $?\n" if $?;
-	system("git read-tree");
+	system("git read-tree --empty");
 	die "Cannot init an empty tree: $?\n" if $?;
 
 	$last_branch = $opt_o;
diff --git a/contrib/git-shell-commands/README b/contrib/git-shell-commands/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..438463b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/git-shell-commands/README
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+Sample programs callable through git-shell.  Place a directory named
+'git-shell-commands' in the home directory of a user whose shell is
+git-shell.  Then anyone logging in as that user will be able to run
+executables in the 'git-shell-commands' directory.
+
+Provided commands:
+
+help: Prints out the names of available commands.  When run
+interactively, git-shell will automatically run 'help' on startup,
+provided it exists.
+
+list: Displays any bare repository whose name ends with ".git" under
+user's home directory.  No other git repositories are visible,
+although they might be clonable through git-shell.  'list' is designed
+to minimize the number of calls to git that must be made in finding
+available repositories; if your setup has additional repositories that
+should be user-discoverable, you may wish to modify 'list'
+accordingly.
diff --git a/contrib/git-shell-commands/help b/contrib/git-shell-commands/help
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..535770c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/git-shell-commands/help
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+if tty -s
+then
+	echo "Run 'help' for help, or 'exit' to leave.  Available commands:"
+else
+	echo "Run 'help' for help.  Available commands:"
+fi
+
+cd "$(dirname "$0")"
+
+for cmd in *
+do
+	case "$cmd" in
+	help) ;;
+	*) [ -f "$cmd" ] && [ -x "$cmd" ] && echo "$cmd" ;;
+	esac
+done
diff --git a/contrib/git-shell-commands/list b/contrib/git-shell-commands/list
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6f89938
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/git-shell-commands/list
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+print_if_bare_repo='
+	if "$(git --git-dir="$1" rev-parse --is-bare-repository)" = true
+	then
+		printf "%s\n" "${1#./}"
+	fi
+'
+
+find -type d -name "*.git" -exec sh -c "$print_if_bare_repo" -- \{} \; -prune 2>/dev/null
diff --git a/daemon.c b/daemon.c
index 9326d3a..d2a4e02 100644
--- a/daemon.c
+++ b/daemon.c
@@ -3,8 +3,7 @@
 #include "exec_cmd.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "strbuf.h"
-
-#include <syslog.h>
+#include "string-list.h"
 
 #ifndef HOST_NAME_MAX
 #define HOST_NAME_MAX 256
@@ -14,6 +13,10 @@
 #define NI_MAXSERV 32
 #endif
 
+#ifdef NO_INITGROUPS
+#define initgroups(x, y) (0) /* nothing */
+#endif
+
 static int log_syslog;
 static int verbose;
 static int reuseaddr;
@@ -24,10 +27,10 @@
 "           [--strict-paths] [--base-path=<path>] [--base-path-relaxed]\n"
 "           [--user-path | --user-path=<path>]\n"
 "           [--interpolated-path=<path>]\n"
-"           [--reuseaddr] [--detach] [--pid-file=<file>]\n"
+"           [--reuseaddr] [--pid-file=<file>]\n"
 "           [--(enable|disable|allow-override|forbid-override)=<service>]\n"
 "           [--inetd | [--listen=<host_or_ipaddr>] [--port=<n>]\n"
-"                      [--user=<user> [--group=<group>]]\n"
+"                      [--detach] [--user=<user> [--group=<group>]]\n"
 "           [<directory>...]";
 
 /* List of acceptable pathname prefixes */
@@ -68,12 +71,14 @@
 		syslog(priority, "%s", buf);
 	} else {
 		/*
-		 * Since stderr is set to linebuffered mode, the
+		 * Since stderr is set to buffered mode, the
 		 * logging of different processes will not overlap
+		 * unless they overflow the (rather big) buffers.
 		 */
 		fprintf(stderr, "[%"PRIuMAX"] ", (uintmax_t)getpid());
 		vfprintf(stderr, err, params);
 		fputc('\n', stderr);
+		fflush(stderr);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -515,37 +520,14 @@
 }
 
 
-static int execute(struct sockaddr *addr)
+static int execute(void)
 {
 	static char line[1000];
 	int pktlen, len, i;
+	char *addr = getenv("REMOTE_ADDR"), *port = getenv("REMOTE_PORT");
 
-	if (addr) {
-		char addrbuf[256] = "";
-		int port = -1;
-
-		if (addr->sa_family == AF_INET) {
-			struct sockaddr_in *sin_addr = (void *) addr;
-			inet_ntop(addr->sa_family, &sin_addr->sin_addr, addrbuf, sizeof(addrbuf));
-			port = ntohs(sin_addr->sin_port);
-#ifndef NO_IPV6
-		} else if (addr && addr->sa_family == AF_INET6) {
-			struct sockaddr_in6 *sin6_addr = (void *) addr;
-
-			char *buf = addrbuf;
-			*buf++ = '['; *buf = '\0'; /* stpcpy() is cool */
-			inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &sin6_addr->sin6_addr, buf, sizeof(addrbuf) - 1);
-			strcat(buf, "]");
-
-			port = ntohs(sin6_addr->sin6_port);
-#endif
-		}
-		loginfo("Connection from %s:%d", addrbuf, port);
-		setenv("REMOTE_ADDR", addrbuf, 1);
-	}
-	else {
-		unsetenv("REMOTE_ADDR");
-	}
+	if (addr)
+		loginfo("Connection from %s:%s", addr, port);
 
 	alarm(init_timeout ? init_timeout : timeout);
 	pktlen = packet_read_line(0, line, sizeof(line));
@@ -615,17 +597,17 @@
 
 static struct child {
 	struct child *next;
-	pid_t pid;
+	struct child_process cld;
 	struct sockaddr_storage address;
 } *firstborn;
 
-static void add_child(pid_t pid, struct sockaddr *addr, int addrlen)
+static void add_child(struct child_process *cld, struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen)
 {
 	struct child *newborn, **cradle;
 
 	newborn = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*newborn));
 	live_children++;
-	newborn->pid = pid;
+	memcpy(&newborn->cld, cld, sizeof(*cld));
 	memcpy(&newborn->address, addr, addrlen);
 	for (cradle = &firstborn; *cradle; cradle = &(*cradle)->next)
 		if (!addrcmp(&(*cradle)->address, &newborn->address))
@@ -634,19 +616,6 @@
 	*cradle = newborn;
 }
 
-static void remove_child(pid_t pid)
-{
-	struct child **cradle, *blanket;
-
-	for (cradle = &firstborn; (blanket = *cradle); cradle = &blanket->next)
-		if (blanket->pid == pid) {
-			*cradle = blanket->next;
-			live_children--;
-			free(blanket);
-			break;
-		}
-}
-
 /*
  * This gets called if the number of connections grows
  * past "max_connections".
@@ -662,7 +631,7 @@
 
 	for (; (next = blanket->next); blanket = next)
 		if (!addrcmp(&blanket->address, &next->address)) {
-			kill(blanket->pid, SIGTERM);
+			kill(blanket->cld.pid, SIGTERM);
 			break;
 		}
 }
@@ -672,18 +641,28 @@
 	int status;
 	pid_t pid;
 
-	while ((pid = waitpid(-1, &status, WNOHANG)) > 0) {
-		const char *dead = "";
-		remove_child(pid);
-		if (!WIFEXITED(status) || (WEXITSTATUS(status) > 0))
-			dead = " (with error)";
-		loginfo("[%"PRIuMAX"] Disconnected%s", (uintmax_t)pid, dead);
-	}
+	struct child **cradle, *blanket;
+	for (cradle = &firstborn; (blanket = *cradle);)
+		if ((pid = waitpid(blanket->cld.pid, &status, WNOHANG)) > 1) {
+			const char *dead = "";
+			if (status)
+				dead = " (with error)";
+			loginfo("[%"PRIuMAX"] Disconnected%s", (uintmax_t)pid, dead);
+
+			/* remove the child */
+			*cradle = blanket->next;
+			live_children--;
+			free(blanket);
+		} else
+			cradle = &blanket->next;
 }
 
-static void handle(int incoming, struct sockaddr *addr, int addrlen)
+static char **cld_argv;
+static void handle(int incoming, struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen)
 {
-	pid_t pid;
+	struct child_process cld = { 0 };
+	char addrbuf[300] = "REMOTE_ADDR=", portbuf[300];
+	char *env[] = { addrbuf, portbuf, NULL };
 
 	if (max_connections && live_children >= max_connections) {
 		kill_some_child();
@@ -696,22 +675,37 @@
 		}
 	}
 
-	if ((pid = fork())) {
-		close(incoming);
-		if (pid < 0) {
-			logerror("Couldn't fork %s", strerror(errno));
-			return;
-		}
+	if (addr->sa_family == AF_INET) {
+		struct sockaddr_in *sin_addr = (void *) addr;
+		inet_ntop(addr->sa_family, &sin_addr->sin_addr, addrbuf + 12,
+		    sizeof(addrbuf) - 12);
+		snprintf(portbuf, sizeof(portbuf), "REMOTE_PORT=%d",
+		    ntohs(sin_addr->sin_port));
+#ifndef NO_IPV6
+	} else if (addr && addr->sa_family == AF_INET6) {
+		struct sockaddr_in6 *sin6_addr = (void *) addr;
 
-		add_child(pid, addr, addrlen);
-		return;
+		char *buf = addrbuf + 12;
+		*buf++ = '['; *buf = '\0'; /* stpcpy() is cool */
+		inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &sin6_addr->sin6_addr, buf,
+		    sizeof(addrbuf) - 13);
+		strcat(buf, "]");
+
+		snprintf(portbuf, sizeof(portbuf), "REMOTE_PORT=%d",
+		    ntohs(sin6_addr->sin6_port));
+#endif
 	}
 
-	dup2(incoming, 0);
-	dup2(incoming, 1);
-	close(incoming);
+	cld.env = (const char **)env;
+	cld.argv = (const char **)cld_argv;
+	cld.in = incoming;
+	cld.out = dup(incoming);
 
-	exit(execute(addr));
+	if (start_command(&cld))
+		logerror("unable to fork");
+	else
+		add_child(&cld, addr, addrlen);
+	close(incoming);
 }
 
 static void child_handler(int signo)
@@ -734,11 +728,17 @@
 			  &on, sizeof(on));
 }
 
+struct socketlist {
+	int *list;
+	size_t nr;
+	size_t alloc;
+};
+
 #ifndef NO_IPV6
 
-static int socksetup(char *listen_addr, int listen_port, int **socklist_p)
+static int setup_named_sock(char *listen_addr, int listen_port, struct socketlist *socklist)
 {
-	int socknum = 0, *socklist = NULL;
+	int socknum = 0;
 	int maxfd = -1;
 	char pbuf[NI_MAXSERV];
 	struct addrinfo hints, *ai0, *ai;
@@ -753,8 +753,10 @@
 	hints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE;
 
 	gai = getaddrinfo(listen_addr, pbuf, &hints, &ai0);
-	if (gai)
-		die("getaddrinfo() failed: %s", gai_strerror(gai));
+	if (gai) {
+		logerror("getaddrinfo() for %s failed: %s", listen_addr, gai_strerror(gai));
+		return 0;
+	}
 
 	for (ai = ai0; ai; ai = ai->ai_next) {
 		int sockfd;
@@ -795,8 +797,9 @@
 		if (flags >= 0)
 			fcntl(sockfd, F_SETFD, flags | FD_CLOEXEC);
 
-		socklist = xrealloc(socklist, sizeof(int) * (socknum + 1));
-		socklist[socknum++] = sockfd;
+		ALLOC_GROW(socklist->list, socklist->nr + 1, socklist->alloc);
+		socklist->list[socklist->nr++] = sockfd;
+		socknum++;
 
 		if (maxfd < sockfd)
 			maxfd = sockfd;
@@ -804,13 +807,12 @@
 
 	freeaddrinfo(ai0);
 
-	*socklist_p = socklist;
 	return socknum;
 }
 
 #else /* NO_IPV6 */
 
-static int socksetup(char *listen_addr, int listen_port, int **socklist_p)
+static int setup_named_sock(char *listen_addr, int listen_port, struct socketlist *socklist)
 {
 	struct sockaddr_in sin;
 	int sockfd;
@@ -851,22 +853,39 @@
 	if (flags >= 0)
 		fcntl(sockfd, F_SETFD, flags | FD_CLOEXEC);
 
-	*socklist_p = xmalloc(sizeof(int));
-	**socklist_p = sockfd;
+	ALLOC_GROW(socklist->list, socklist->nr + 1, socklist->alloc);
+	socklist->list[socklist->nr++] = sockfd;
 	return 1;
 }
 
 #endif
 
-static int service_loop(int socknum, int *socklist)
+static void socksetup(struct string_list *listen_addr, int listen_port, struct socketlist *socklist)
+{
+	if (!listen_addr->nr)
+		setup_named_sock(NULL, listen_port, socklist);
+	else {
+		int i, socknum;
+		for (i = 0; i < listen_addr->nr; i++) {
+			socknum = setup_named_sock(listen_addr->items[i].string,
+						   listen_port, socklist);
+
+			if (socknum == 0)
+				logerror("unable to allocate any listen sockets for host %s on port %u",
+					 listen_addr->items[i].string, listen_port);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static int service_loop(struct socketlist *socklist)
 {
 	struct pollfd *pfd;
 	int i;
 
-	pfd = xcalloc(socknum, sizeof(struct pollfd));
+	pfd = xcalloc(socklist->nr, sizeof(struct pollfd));
 
-	for (i = 0; i < socknum; i++) {
-		pfd[i].fd = socklist[i];
+	for (i = 0; i < socklist->nr; i++) {
+		pfd[i].fd = socklist->list[i];
 		pfd[i].events = POLLIN;
 	}
 
@@ -877,7 +896,7 @@
 
 		check_dead_children();
 
-		if (poll(pfd, socknum, -1) < 0) {
+		if (poll(pfd, socklist->nr, -1) < 0) {
 			if (errno != EINTR) {
 				logerror("Poll failed, resuming: %s",
 				      strerror(errno));
@@ -886,11 +905,17 @@
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		for (i = 0; i < socknum; i++) {
+		for (i = 0; i < socklist->nr; i++) {
 			if (pfd[i].revents & POLLIN) {
-				struct sockaddr_storage ss;
-				unsigned int sslen = sizeof(ss);
-				int incoming = accept(pfd[i].fd, (struct sockaddr *)&ss, &sslen);
+				union {
+					struct sockaddr sa;
+					struct sockaddr_in sai;
+#ifndef NO_IPV6
+					struct sockaddr_in6 sai6;
+#endif
+				} ss;
+				socklen_t sslen = sizeof(ss);
+				int incoming = accept(pfd[i].fd, &ss.sa, &sslen);
 				if (incoming < 0) {
 					switch (errno) {
 					case EAGAIN:
@@ -901,7 +926,7 @@
 						die_errno("accept returned");
 					}
 				}
-				handle(incoming, (struct sockaddr *)&ss, sslen);
+				handle(incoming, &ss.sa, sslen);
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -919,6 +944,62 @@
 		close(fd);
 }
 
+#ifdef NO_POSIX_GOODIES
+
+struct credentials;
+
+static void drop_privileges(struct credentials *cred)
+{
+	/* nothing */
+}
+
+static void daemonize(void)
+{
+	die("--detach not supported on this platform");
+}
+
+static struct credentials *prepare_credentials(const char *user_name,
+    const char *group_name)
+{
+	die("--user not supported on this platform");
+}
+
+#else
+
+struct credentials {
+	struct passwd *pass;
+	gid_t gid;
+};
+
+static void drop_privileges(struct credentials *cred)
+{
+	if (cred && (initgroups(cred->pass->pw_name, cred->gid) ||
+	    setgid (cred->gid) || setuid(cred->pass->pw_uid)))
+		die("cannot drop privileges");
+}
+
+static struct credentials *prepare_credentials(const char *user_name,
+    const char *group_name)
+{
+	static struct credentials c;
+
+	c.pass = getpwnam(user_name);
+	if (!c.pass)
+		die("user not found - %s", user_name);
+
+	if (!group_name)
+		c.gid = c.pass->pw_gid;
+	else {
+		struct group *group = getgrnam(group_name);
+		if (!group)
+			die("group not found - %s", group_name);
+
+		c.gid = group->gr_gid;
+	}
+
+	return &c;
+}
+
 static void daemonize(void)
 {
 	switch (fork()) {
@@ -936,6 +1017,7 @@
 	close(2);
 	sanitize_stdfds();
 }
+#endif
 
 static void store_pid(const char *path)
 {
@@ -946,33 +1028,29 @@
 		die_errno("failed to write pid file '%s'", path);
 }
 
-static int serve(char *listen_addr, int listen_port, struct passwd *pass, gid_t gid)
+static int serve(struct string_list *listen_addr, int listen_port,
+    struct credentials *cred)
 {
-	int socknum, *socklist;
+	struct socketlist socklist = { NULL, 0, 0 };
 
-	socknum = socksetup(listen_addr, listen_port, &socklist);
-	if (socknum == 0)
-		die("unable to allocate any listen sockets on host %s port %u",
-		    listen_addr, listen_port);
+	socksetup(listen_addr, listen_port, &socklist);
+	if (socklist.nr == 0)
+		die("unable to allocate any listen sockets on port %u",
+		    listen_port);
 
-	if (pass && gid &&
-	    (initgroups(pass->pw_name, gid) || setgid (gid) ||
-	     setuid(pass->pw_uid)))
-		die("cannot drop privileges");
+	drop_privileges(cred);
 
-	return service_loop(socknum, socklist);
+	return service_loop(&socklist);
 }
 
 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
 	int listen_port = 0;
-	char *listen_addr = NULL;
-	int inetd_mode = 0;
+	struct string_list listen_addr = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	int serve_mode = 0, inetd_mode = 0;
 	const char *pid_file = NULL, *user_name = NULL, *group_name = NULL;
 	int detach = 0;
-	struct passwd *pass = NULL;
-	struct group *group;
-	gid_t gid = 0;
+	struct credentials *cred = NULL;
 	int i;
 
 	git_extract_argv0_path(argv[0]);
@@ -981,7 +1059,7 @@
 		char *arg = argv[i];
 
 		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--listen=")) {
-			listen_addr = xstrdup_tolower(arg + 9);
+			string_list_append(&listen_addr, xstrdup_tolower(arg + 9));
 			continue;
 		}
 		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--port=")) {
@@ -993,6 +1071,10 @@
 				continue;
 			}
 		}
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--serve")) {
+			serve_mode = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
 		if (!strcmp(arg, "--inetd")) {
 			inetd_mode = 1;
 			log_syslog = 1;
@@ -1101,12 +1183,12 @@
 		set_die_routine(daemon_die);
 	} else
 		/* avoid splitting a message in the middle */
-		setvbuf(stderr, NULL, _IOLBF, 0);
+		setvbuf(stderr, NULL, _IOFBF, 4096);
 
-	if (inetd_mode && (group_name || user_name))
-		die("--user and --group are incompatible with --inetd");
+	if (inetd_mode && (detach || group_name || user_name))
+		die("--detach, --user and --group are incompatible with --inetd");
 
-	if (inetd_mode && (listen_port || listen_addr))
+	if (inetd_mode && (listen_port || (listen_addr.nr > 0)))
 		die("--listen= and --port= are incompatible with --inetd");
 	else if (listen_port == 0)
 		listen_port = DEFAULT_GIT_PORT;
@@ -1114,21 +1196,8 @@
 	if (group_name && !user_name)
 		die("--group supplied without --user");
 
-	if (user_name) {
-		pass = getpwnam(user_name);
-		if (!pass)
-			die("user not found - %s", user_name);
-
-		if (!group_name)
-			gid = pass->pw_gid;
-		else {
-			group = getgrnam(group_name);
-			if (!group)
-				die("group not found - %s", group_name);
-
-			gid = group->gr_gid;
-		}
-	}
+	if (user_name)
+		cred = prepare_credentials(user_name, group_name);
 
 	if (strict_paths && (!ok_paths || !*ok_paths))
 		die("option --strict-paths requires a whitelist");
@@ -1138,19 +1207,13 @@
 		    base_path);
 
 	if (inetd_mode) {
-		struct sockaddr_storage ss;
-		struct sockaddr *peer = (struct sockaddr *)&ss;
-		socklen_t slen = sizeof(ss);
-
 		if (!freopen("/dev/null", "w", stderr))
 			die_errno("failed to redirect stderr to /dev/null");
-
-		if (getpeername(0, peer, &slen))
-			peer = NULL;
-
-		return execute(peer);
 	}
 
+	if (inetd_mode || serve_mode)
+		return execute();
+
 	if (detach) {
 		daemonize();
 		loginfo("Ready to rumble");
@@ -1161,5 +1224,12 @@
 	if (pid_file)
 		store_pid(pid_file);
 
-	return serve(listen_addr, listen_port, pass, gid);
+	/* prepare argv for serving-processes */
+	cld_argv = xmalloc(sizeof (char *) * (argc + 2));
+	for (i = 0; i < argc; ++i)
+		cld_argv[i] = argv[i];
+	cld_argv[argc] = "--serve";
+	cld_argv[argc+1] = NULL;
+
+	return serve(&listen_addr, listen_port, cred);
 }
diff --git a/diff.c b/diff.c
index fa3b29d..5422c43 100644
--- a/diff.c
+++ b/diff.c
@@ -3149,20 +3149,23 @@
 		return stat_opt(options, av);
 
 	/* renames options */
-	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "-B")) {
+	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "-B") || !prefixcmp(arg, "--break-rewrites=") ||
+		 !strcmp(arg, "--break-rewrites")) {
 		if ((options->break_opt = diff_scoreopt_parse(arg)) == -1)
-			return -1;
+			return error("invalid argument to -B: %s", arg+2);
 	}
-	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "-M")) {
+	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "-M") || !prefixcmp(arg, "--find-renames=") ||
+		 !strcmp(arg, "--find-renames")) {
 		if ((options->rename_score = diff_scoreopt_parse(arg)) == -1)
-			return -1;
+			return error("invalid argument to -M: %s", arg+2);
 		options->detect_rename = DIFF_DETECT_RENAME;
 	}
-	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "-C")) {
+	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "-C") || !prefixcmp(arg, "--find-copies=") ||
+		 !strcmp(arg, "--find-copies")) {
 		if (options->detect_rename == DIFF_DETECT_COPY)
 			DIFF_OPT_SET(options, FIND_COPIES_HARDER);
 		if ((options->rename_score = diff_scoreopt_parse(arg)) == -1)
-			return -1;
+			return error("invalid argument to -C: %s", arg+2);
 		options->detect_rename = DIFF_DETECT_COPY;
 	}
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-renames"))
@@ -3280,12 +3283,17 @@
 	}
 	else if ((argcount = short_opt('S', av, &optarg))) {
 		options->pickaxe = optarg;
+		options->pickaxe_opts |= DIFF_PICKAXE_KIND_S;
+		return argcount;
+	} else if ((argcount = short_opt('G', av, &optarg))) {
+		options->pickaxe = optarg;
+		options->pickaxe_opts |= DIFF_PICKAXE_KIND_G;
 		return argcount;
 	}
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--pickaxe-all"))
-		options->pickaxe_opts = DIFF_PICKAXE_ALL;
+		options->pickaxe_opts |= DIFF_PICKAXE_ALL;
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--pickaxe-regex"))
-		options->pickaxe_opts = DIFF_PICKAXE_REGEX;
+		options->pickaxe_opts |= DIFF_PICKAXE_REGEX;
 	else if ((argcount = short_opt('O', av, &optarg))) {
 		options->orderfile = optarg;
 		return argcount;
@@ -3327,7 +3335,7 @@
 	return 1;
 }
 
-static int parse_num(const char **cp_p)
+int parse_rename_score(const char **cp_p)
 {
 	unsigned long num, scale;
 	int ch, dot;
@@ -3370,10 +3378,26 @@
 	if (*opt++ != '-')
 		return -1;
 	cmd = *opt++;
+	if (cmd == '-') {
+		/* convert the long-form arguments into short-form versions */
+		if (!prefixcmp(opt, "break-rewrites")) {
+			opt += strlen("break-rewrites");
+			if (*opt == 0 || *opt++ == '=')
+				cmd = 'B';
+		} else if (!prefixcmp(opt, "find-copies")) {
+			opt += strlen("find-copies");
+			if (*opt == 0 || *opt++ == '=')
+				cmd = 'C';
+		} else if (!prefixcmp(opt, "find-renames")) {
+			opt += strlen("find-renames");
+			if (*opt == 0 || *opt++ == '=')
+				cmd = 'M';
+		}
+	}
 	if (cmd != 'M' && cmd != 'C' && cmd != 'B')
 		return -1; /* that is not a -M, -C nor -B option */
 
-	opt1 = parse_num(&opt);
+	opt1 = parse_rename_score(&opt);
 	if (cmd != 'B')
 		opt2 = 0;
 	else {
@@ -3383,7 +3407,7 @@
 			return -1; /* we expect -B80/99 or -B80 */
 		else {
 			opt++;
-			opt2 = parse_num(&opt);
+			opt2 = parse_rename_score(&opt);
 		}
 	}
 	if (*opt != 0)
@@ -4185,7 +4209,7 @@
 			diffcore_merge_broken();
 	}
 	if (options->pickaxe)
-		diffcore_pickaxe(options->pickaxe, options->pickaxe_opts);
+		diffcore_pickaxe(options);
 	if (options->orderfile)
 		diffcore_order(options->orderfile);
 	if (!options->found_follow)
diff --git a/diff.h b/diff.h
index bf2f44d..0083d92 100644
--- a/diff.h
+++ b/diff.h
@@ -238,6 +238,9 @@
 #define DIFF_PICKAXE_ALL	1
 #define DIFF_PICKAXE_REGEX	2
 
+#define DIFF_PICKAXE_KIND_S	4 /* traditional plumbing counter */
+#define DIFF_PICKAXE_KIND_G	8 /* grep in the patch */
+
 extern void diffcore_std(struct diff_options *);
 extern void diffcore_fix_diff_index(struct diff_options *);
 
@@ -312,4 +315,6 @@
 
 extern struct userdiff_driver *get_textconv(struct diff_filespec *one);
 
+extern int parse_rename_score(const char **cp_p);
+
 #endif /* DIFF_H */
diff --git a/diffcore-pickaxe.c b/diffcore-pickaxe.c
index 9c6544d..ea03b91 100644
--- a/diffcore-pickaxe.c
+++ b/diffcore-pickaxe.c
@@ -1,9 +1,148 @@
 /*
  * Copyright (C) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+ * Copyright (C) 2010 Google Inc.
  */
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "diff.h"
 #include "diffcore.h"
+#include "xdiff-interface.h"
+
+struct diffgrep_cb {
+	regex_t *regexp;
+	int hit;
+};
+
+static void diffgrep_consume(void *priv, char *line, unsigned long len)
+{
+	struct diffgrep_cb *data = priv;
+	regmatch_t regmatch;
+	int hold;
+
+	if (line[0] != '+' && line[0] != '-')
+		return;
+	if (data->hit)
+		/*
+		 * NEEDSWORK: we should have a way to terminate the
+		 * caller early.
+		 */
+		return;
+	/* Yuck -- line ought to be "const char *"! */
+	hold = line[len];
+	line[len] = '\0';
+	data->hit = !regexec(data->regexp, line + 1, 1, &regmatch, 0);
+	line[len] = hold;
+}
+
+static void fill_one(struct diff_filespec *one,
+		     mmfile_t *mf, struct userdiff_driver **textconv)
+{
+	if (DIFF_FILE_VALID(one)) {
+		*textconv = get_textconv(one);
+		mf->size = fill_textconv(*textconv, one, &mf->ptr);
+	} else {
+		memset(mf, 0, sizeof(*mf));
+	}
+}
+
+static int diff_grep(struct diff_filepair *p, regex_t *regexp, struct diff_options *o)
+{
+	regmatch_t regmatch;
+	struct userdiff_driver *textconv_one = NULL;
+	struct userdiff_driver *textconv_two = NULL;
+	mmfile_t mf1, mf2;
+	int hit;
+
+	if (diff_unmodified_pair(p))
+		return 0;
+
+	fill_one(p->one, &mf1, &textconv_one);
+	fill_one(p->two, &mf2, &textconv_two);
+
+	if (!mf1.ptr) {
+		if (!mf2.ptr)
+			return 0; /* ignore unmerged */
+		/* created "two" -- does it have what we are looking for? */
+		hit = !regexec(regexp, p->two->data, 1, &regmatch, 0);
+	} else if (!mf2.ptr) {
+		/* removed "one" -- did it have what we are looking for? */
+		hit = !regexec(regexp, p->one->data, 1, &regmatch, 0);
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * We have both sides; need to run textual diff and see if
+		 * the pattern appears on added/deleted lines.
+		 */
+		struct diffgrep_cb ecbdata;
+		xpparam_t xpp;
+		xdemitconf_t xecfg;
+
+		memset(&xpp, 0, sizeof(xpp));
+		memset(&xecfg, 0, sizeof(xecfg));
+		ecbdata.regexp = regexp;
+		ecbdata.hit = 0;
+		xecfg.ctxlen = o->context;
+		xecfg.interhunkctxlen = o->interhunkcontext;
+		xdi_diff_outf(&mf1, &mf2, diffgrep_consume, &ecbdata,
+			      &xpp, &xecfg);
+		hit = ecbdata.hit;
+	}
+	if (textconv_one)
+		free(mf1.ptr);
+	if (textconv_two)
+		free(mf2.ptr);
+	return hit;
+}
+
+static void diffcore_pickaxe_grep(struct diff_options *o)
+{
+	struct diff_queue_struct *q = &diff_queued_diff;
+	int i, has_changes, err;
+	regex_t regex;
+	struct diff_queue_struct outq;
+	outq.queue = NULL;
+	outq.nr = outq.alloc = 0;
+
+	err = regcomp(&regex, o->pickaxe, REG_EXTENDED | REG_NEWLINE);
+	if (err) {
+		char errbuf[1024];
+		regerror(err, &regex, errbuf, 1024);
+		regfree(&regex);
+		die("invalid log-grep regex: %s", errbuf);
+	}
+
+	if (o->pickaxe_opts & DIFF_PICKAXE_ALL) {
+		/* Showing the whole changeset if needle exists */
+		for (i = has_changes = 0; !has_changes && i < q->nr; i++) {
+			struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
+			if (diff_grep(p, &regex, o))
+				has_changes++;
+		}
+		if (has_changes)
+			return; /* do not munge the queue */
+
+		/*
+		 * Otherwise we will clear the whole queue by copying
+		 * the empty outq at the end of this function, but
+		 * first clear the current entries in the queue.
+		 */
+		for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++)
+			diff_free_filepair(q->queue[i]);
+	} else {
+		/* Showing only the filepairs that has the needle */
+		for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
+			struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
+			if (diff_grep(p, &regex, o))
+				diff_q(&outq, p);
+			else
+				diff_free_filepair(p);
+		}
+	}
+
+	regfree(&regex);
+
+	free(q->queue);
+	*q = outq;
+	return;
+}
 
 static unsigned int contains(struct diff_filespec *one,
 			     const char *needle, unsigned long len,
@@ -48,8 +187,10 @@
 	return cnt;
 }
 
-void diffcore_pickaxe(const char *needle, int opts)
+static void diffcore_pickaxe_count(struct diff_options *o)
 {
+	const char *needle = o->pickaxe;
+	int opts = o->pickaxe_opts;
 	struct diff_queue_struct *q = &diff_queued_diff;
 	unsigned long len = strlen(needle);
 	int i, has_changes;
@@ -135,3 +276,12 @@
 	*q = outq;
 	return;
 }
+
+void diffcore_pickaxe(struct diff_options *o)
+{
+	/* Might want to warn when both S and G are on; I don't care... */
+	if (o->pickaxe_opts & DIFF_PICKAXE_KIND_G)
+		diffcore_pickaxe_grep(o);
+	else
+		diffcore_pickaxe_count(o);
+}
diff --git a/diffcore.h b/diffcore.h
index 8b3241a..b8f1fde 100644
--- a/diffcore.h
+++ b/diffcore.h
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@
 extern void diffcore_break(int);
 extern void diffcore_rename(struct diff_options *);
 extern void diffcore_merge_broken(void);
-extern void diffcore_pickaxe(const char *needle, int opts);
+extern void diffcore_pickaxe(struct diff_options *);
 extern void diffcore_order(const char *orderfile);
 
 #define DIFF_DEBUG 0
diff --git a/dir.c b/dir.c
index b2dfb69..570b651 100644
--- a/dir.c
+++ b/dir.c
@@ -18,6 +18,22 @@
 	int check_only, const struct path_simplify *simplify);
 static int get_dtype(struct dirent *de, const char *path, int len);
 
+/* helper string functions with support for the ignore_case flag */
+int strcmp_icase(const char *a, const char *b)
+{
+	return ignore_case ? strcasecmp(a, b) : strcmp(a, b);
+}
+
+int strncmp_icase(const char *a, const char *b, size_t count)
+{
+	return ignore_case ? strncasecmp(a, b, count) : strncmp(a, b, count);
+}
+
+int fnmatch_icase(const char *pattern, const char *string, int flags)
+{
+	return fnmatch(pattern, string, flags | (ignore_case ? FNM_CASEFOLD : 0));
+}
+
 static int common_prefix(const char **pathspec)
 {
 	const char *path, *slash, *next;
@@ -91,16 +107,30 @@
 	if (!*match)
 		return MATCHED_RECURSIVELY;
 
-	for (;;) {
-		unsigned char c1 = *match;
-		unsigned char c2 = *name;
-		if (c1 == '\0' || is_glob_special(c1))
-			break;
-		if (c1 != c2)
-			return 0;
-		match++;
-		name++;
-		namelen--;
+	if (ignore_case) {
+		for (;;) {
+			unsigned char c1 = tolower(*match);
+			unsigned char c2 = tolower(*name);
+			if (c1 == '\0' || is_glob_special(c1))
+				break;
+			if (c1 != c2)
+				return 0;
+			match++;
+			name++;
+			namelen--;
+		}
+	} else {
+		for (;;) {
+			unsigned char c1 = *match;
+			unsigned char c2 = *name;
+			if (c1 == '\0' || is_glob_special(c1))
+				break;
+			if (c1 != c2)
+				return 0;
+			match++;
+			name++;
+			namelen--;
+		}
 	}
 
 
@@ -109,8 +139,8 @@
 	 * we need to match by fnmatch
 	 */
 	matchlen = strlen(match);
-	if (strncmp(match, name, matchlen))
-		return !fnmatch(match, name, 0) ? MATCHED_FNMATCH : 0;
+	if (strncmp_icase(match, name, matchlen))
+		return !fnmatch_icase(match, name, 0) ? MATCHED_FNMATCH : 0;
 
 	if (namelen == matchlen)
 		return MATCHED_EXACTLY;
@@ -223,6 +253,18 @@
 	return data;
 }
 
+void free_excludes(struct exclude_list *el)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < el->nr; i++)
+		free(el->excludes[i]);
+	free(el->excludes);
+
+	el->nr = 0;
+	el->excludes = NULL;
+}
+
 int add_excludes_from_file_to_list(const char *fname,
 				   const char *base,
 				   int baselen,
@@ -359,13 +401,6 @@
 			int to_exclude = x->to_exclude;
 
 			if (x->flags & EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR) {
-				if (!dtype) {
-					if (!prefixcmp(pathname, exclude) &&
-					    pathname[x->patternlen] == '/')
-						return to_exclude;
-					else
-						continue;
-				}
 				if (*dtype == DT_UNKNOWN)
 					*dtype = get_dtype(NULL, pathname, pathlen);
 				if (*dtype != DT_DIR)
@@ -375,14 +410,14 @@
 			if (x->flags & EXC_FLAG_NODIR) {
 				/* match basename */
 				if (x->flags & EXC_FLAG_NOWILDCARD) {
-					if (!strcmp(exclude, basename))
+					if (!strcmp_icase(exclude, basename))
 						return to_exclude;
 				} else if (x->flags & EXC_FLAG_ENDSWITH) {
 					if (x->patternlen - 1 <= pathlen &&
-					    !strcmp(exclude + 1, pathname + pathlen - x->patternlen + 1))
+					    !strcmp_icase(exclude + 1, pathname + pathlen - x->patternlen + 1))
 						return to_exclude;
 				} else {
-					if (fnmatch(exclude, basename, 0) == 0)
+					if (fnmatch_icase(exclude, basename, 0) == 0)
 						return to_exclude;
 				}
 			}
@@ -397,14 +432,14 @@
 
 				if (pathlen < baselen ||
 				    (baselen && pathname[baselen-1] != '/') ||
-				    strncmp(pathname, x->base, baselen))
+				    strncmp_icase(pathname, x->base, baselen))
 				    continue;
 
 				if (x->flags & EXC_FLAG_NOWILDCARD) {
-					if (!strcmp(exclude, pathname + baselen))
+					if (!strcmp_icase(exclude, pathname + baselen))
 						return to_exclude;
 				} else {
-					if (fnmatch(exclude, pathname+baselen,
+					if (fnmatch_icase(exclude, pathname+baselen,
 						    FNM_PATHNAME) == 0)
 					    return to_exclude;
 				}
@@ -470,6 +505,39 @@
 };
 
 /*
+ * Do not use the alphabetically stored index to look up
+ * the directory name; instead, use the case insensitive
+ * name hash.
+ */
+static enum exist_status directory_exists_in_index_icase(const char *dirname, int len)
+{
+	struct cache_entry *ce = index_name_exists(&the_index, dirname, len + 1, ignore_case);
+	unsigned char endchar;
+
+	if (!ce)
+		return index_nonexistent;
+	endchar = ce->name[len];
+
+	/*
+	 * The cache_entry structure returned will contain this dirname
+	 * and possibly additional path components.
+	 */
+	if (endchar == '/')
+		return index_directory;
+
+	/*
+	 * If there are no additional path components, then this cache_entry
+	 * represents a submodule.  Submodules, despite being directories,
+	 * are stored in the cache without a closing slash.
+	 */
+	if (!endchar && S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode))
+		return index_gitdir;
+
+	/* This should never be hit, but it exists just in case. */
+	return index_nonexistent;
+}
+
+/*
  * The index sorts alphabetically by entry name, which
  * means that a gitlink sorts as '\0' at the end, while
  * a directory (which is defined not as an entry, but as
@@ -478,7 +546,12 @@
  */
 static enum exist_status directory_exists_in_index(const char *dirname, int len)
 {
-	int pos = cache_name_pos(dirname, len);
+	int pos;
+
+	if (ignore_case)
+		return directory_exists_in_index_icase(dirname, len);
+
+	pos = cache_name_pos(dirname, len);
 	if (pos < 0)
 		pos = -pos-1;
 	while (pos < active_nr) {
@@ -965,6 +1038,12 @@
 	case '/':
 		return cwd + 1;
 	default:
+		/*
+		 * dir can end with a path separator when it's root
+		 * directory. Return proper prefix in that case.
+		 */
+		if (dir[-1] == '/')
+			return cwd;
 		return NULL;
 	}
 }
diff --git a/dir.h b/dir.h
index 278d84c..72a764e 100644
--- a/dir.h
+++ b/dir.h
@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@
 extern void add_excludes_from_file(struct dir_struct *, const char *fname);
 extern void add_exclude(const char *string, const char *base,
 			int baselen, struct exclude_list *which);
+extern void free_excludes(struct exclude_list *el);
 extern int file_exists(const char *);
 
 extern char *get_relative_cwd(char *buffer, int size, const char *dir);
@@ -101,4 +102,8 @@
 /* tries to remove the path with empty directories along it, ignores ENOENT */
 extern int remove_path(const char *path);
 
+extern int strcmp_icase(const char *a, const char *b);
+extern int strncmp_icase(const char *a, const char *b, size_t count);
+extern int fnmatch_icase(const char *pattern, const char *string, int flags);
+
 #endif
diff --git a/environment.c b/environment.c
index 18aded6..9564475 100644
--- a/environment.c
+++ b/environment.c
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 int is_bare_repository_cfg = -1; /* unspecified */
 int log_all_ref_updates = -1; /* unspecified */
 int warn_ambiguous_refs = 1;
+int unique_abbrev_extra_length;
 int repository_format_version;
 const char *git_commit_encoding;
 const char *git_log_output_encoding;
@@ -138,30 +139,20 @@
  */
 void set_git_work_tree(const char *new_work_tree)
 {
-	if (is_bare_repository_cfg >= 0)
-		die("cannot set work tree after initialization");
+	if (git_work_tree_initialized) {
+		new_work_tree = make_absolute_path(new_work_tree);
+		if (strcmp(new_work_tree, work_tree))
+			die("internal error: work tree has already been set\n"
+			    "Current worktree: %s\nNew worktree: %s",
+			    work_tree, new_work_tree);
+		return;
+	}
 	git_work_tree_initialized = 1;
-	free(work_tree);
 	work_tree = xstrdup(make_absolute_path(new_work_tree));
-	is_bare_repository_cfg = 0;
 }
 
 const char *get_git_work_tree(void)
 {
-	if (!git_work_tree_initialized) {
-		work_tree = getenv(GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT);
-		/* core.bare = true overrides implicit and config work tree */
-		if (!work_tree && is_bare_repository_cfg < 1) {
-			work_tree = git_work_tree_cfg;
-			/* make_absolute_path also normalizes the path */
-			if (work_tree && !is_absolute_path(work_tree))
-				work_tree = xstrdup(make_absolute_path(git_path("%s", work_tree)));
-		} else if (work_tree)
-			work_tree = xstrdup(make_absolute_path(work_tree));
-		git_work_tree_initialized = 1;
-		if (work_tree)
-			is_bare_repository_cfg = 0;
-	}
 	return work_tree;
 }
 
@@ -172,6 +163,43 @@
 	return git_object_dir;
 }
 
+int odb_mkstemp(char *template, size_t limit, const char *pattern)
+{
+	int fd;
+	/*
+	 * we let the umask do its job, don't try to be more
+	 * restrictive except to remove write permission.
+	 */
+	int mode = 0444;
+	snprintf(template, limit, "%s/%s",
+		 get_object_directory(), pattern);
+	fd = git_mkstemp_mode(template, mode);
+	if (0 <= fd)
+		return fd;
+
+	/* slow path */
+	/* some mkstemp implementations erase template on failure */
+	snprintf(template, limit, "%s/%s",
+		 get_object_directory(), pattern);
+	safe_create_leading_directories(template);
+	return xmkstemp_mode(template, mode);
+}
+
+int odb_pack_keep(char *name, size_t namesz, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	int fd;
+
+	snprintf(name, namesz, "%s/pack/pack-%s.keep",
+		 get_object_directory(), sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	fd = open(name, O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL, 0600);
+	if (0 <= fd)
+		return fd;
+
+	/* slow path */
+	safe_create_leading_directories(name);
+	return open(name, O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL, 0600);
+}
+
 char *get_index_file(void)
 {
 	if (!git_index_file)
@@ -193,3 +221,14 @@
 	setup_git_env();
 	return 0;
 }
+
+const char *get_log_output_encoding(void)
+{
+	return git_log_output_encoding ? git_log_output_encoding
+		: get_commit_output_encoding();
+}
+
+const char *get_commit_output_encoding(void)
+{
+	return git_commit_encoding ? git_commit_encoding : "UTF-8";
+}
diff --git a/fast-import.c b/fast-import.c
index eab68d5..7857760 100644
--- a/fast-import.c
+++ b/fast-import.c
@@ -132,14 +132,17 @@
   ts    ::= # time since the epoch in seconds, ascii base10 notation;
   tz    ::= # GIT style timezone;
 
-     # note: comments may appear anywhere in the input, except
-     # within a data command.  Any form of the data command
-     # always escapes the related input from comment processing.
+     # note: comments and cat requests may appear anywhere
+     # in the input, except within a data command.  Any form
+     # of the data command always escapes the related input
+     # from comment processing.
      #
      # In case it is not clear, the '#' that starts the comment
      # must be the first character on that line (an lf
      # preceded it).
      #
+  cat_blob ::= 'cat-blob' sp (hexsha1 | idnum) lf;
+
   comment ::= '#' not_lf* lf;
   not_lf  ::= # Any byte that is not ASCII newline (LF);
 */
@@ -156,6 +159,7 @@
 #include "csum-file.h"
 #include "quote.h"
 #include "exec_cmd.h"
+#include "dir.h"
 
 #define PACK_ID_BITS 16
 #define MAX_PACK_ID ((1<<PACK_ID_BITS)-1)
@@ -361,7 +365,14 @@
 static struct strbuf new_data = STRBUF_INIT;
 static int seen_data_command;
 
+/* Signal handling */
+static volatile sig_atomic_t checkpoint_requested;
+
+/* Where to write output of cat-blob commands */
+static int cat_blob_fd = STDOUT_FILENO;
+
 static void parse_argv(void);
+static void parse_cat_blob(void);
 
 static void write_branch_report(FILE *rpt, struct branch *b)
 {
@@ -500,6 +511,32 @@
 	exit(128);
 }
 
+#ifndef SIGUSR1	/* Windows, for example */
+
+static void set_checkpoint_signal(void)
+{
+}
+
+#else
+
+static void checkpoint_signal(int signo)
+{
+	checkpoint_requested = 1;
+}
+
+static void set_checkpoint_signal(void)
+{
+	struct sigaction sa;
+
+	memset(&sa, 0, sizeof(sa));
+	sa.sa_handler = checkpoint_signal;
+	sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
+	sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
+	sigaction(SIGUSR1, &sa, NULL);
+}
+
+#endif
+
 static void alloc_objects(unsigned int cnt)
 {
 	struct object_entry_pool *b;
@@ -539,22 +576,17 @@
 {
 	unsigned int h = sha1[0] << 8 | sha1[1];
 	struct object_entry *e = object_table[h];
-	struct object_entry *p = NULL;
 
 	while (e) {
 		if (!hashcmp(sha1, e->idx.sha1))
 			return e;
-		p = e;
 		e = e->next;
 	}
 
 	e = new_object(sha1);
-	e->next = NULL;
+	e->next = object_table[h];
 	e->idx.offset = 0;
-	if (p)
-		p->next = e;
-	else
-		object_table[h] = e;
+	object_table[h] = e;
 	return e;
 }
 
@@ -1437,6 +1469,20 @@
 	t->entry_count -= del;
 }
 
+static void tree_content_replace(
+	struct tree_entry *root,
+	const unsigned char *sha1,
+	const uint16_t mode,
+	struct tree_content *newtree)
+{
+	if (!S_ISDIR(mode))
+		die("Root cannot be a non-directory");
+	hashcpy(root->versions[1].sha1, sha1);
+	if (root->tree)
+		release_tree_content_recursive(root->tree);
+	root->tree = newtree;
+}
+
 static int tree_content_set(
 	struct tree_entry *root,
 	const char *p,
@@ -1444,7 +1490,7 @@
 	const uint16_t mode,
 	struct tree_content *subtree)
 {
-	struct tree_content *t = root->tree;
+	struct tree_content *t;
 	const char *slash1;
 	unsigned int i, n;
 	struct tree_entry *e;
@@ -1459,9 +1505,12 @@
 	if (!slash1 && !S_ISDIR(mode) && subtree)
 		die("Non-directories cannot have subtrees");
 
+	if (!root->tree)
+		load_tree(root);
+	t = root->tree;
 	for (i = 0; i < t->entry_count; i++) {
 		e = t->entries[i];
-		if (e->name->str_len == n && !strncmp(p, e->name->str_dat, n)) {
+		if (e->name->str_len == n && !strncmp_icase(p, e->name->str_dat, n)) {
 			if (!slash1) {
 				if (!S_ISDIR(mode)
 						&& e->versions[1].mode == mode
@@ -1514,7 +1563,7 @@
 	const char *p,
 	struct tree_entry *backup_leaf)
 {
-	struct tree_content *t = root->tree;
+	struct tree_content *t;
 	const char *slash1;
 	unsigned int i, n;
 	struct tree_entry *e;
@@ -1525,9 +1574,12 @@
 	else
 		n = strlen(p);
 
+	if (!root->tree)
+		load_tree(root);
+	t = root->tree;
 	for (i = 0; i < t->entry_count; i++) {
 		e = t->entries[i];
-		if (e->name->str_len == n && !strncmp(p, e->name->str_dat, n)) {
+		if (e->name->str_len == n && !strncmp_icase(p, e->name->str_dat, n)) {
 			if (slash1 && !S_ISDIR(e->versions[1].mode))
 				/*
 				 * If p names a file in some subdirectory, and a
@@ -1572,7 +1624,7 @@
 	const char *p,
 	struct tree_entry *leaf)
 {
-	struct tree_content *t = root->tree;
+	struct tree_content *t;
 	const char *slash1;
 	unsigned int i, n;
 	struct tree_entry *e;
@@ -1583,9 +1635,12 @@
 	else
 		n = strlen(p);
 
+	if (!root->tree)
+		load_tree(root);
+	t = root->tree;
 	for (i = 0; i < t->entry_count; i++) {
 		e = t->entries[i];
-		if (e->name->str_len == n && !strncmp(p, e->name->str_dat, n)) {
+		if (e->name->str_len == n && !strncmp_icase(p, e->name->str_dat, n)) {
 			if (!slash1) {
 				memcpy(leaf, e, sizeof(*leaf));
 				if (e->tree && is_null_sha1(e->versions[1].sha1))
@@ -1781,7 +1836,7 @@
 		return EOF;
 	}
 
-	do {
+	for (;;) {
 		if (unread_command_buf) {
 			unread_command_buf = 0;
 		} else {
@@ -1814,9 +1869,14 @@
 			rc->prev->next = rc;
 			cmd_tail = rc;
 		}
-	} while (command_buf.buf[0] == '#');
-
-	return 0;
+		if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "cat-blob ")) {
+			parse_cat_blob();
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (command_buf.buf[0] == '#')
+			continue;
+		return 0;
+	}
 }
 
 static void skip_optional_lf(void)
@@ -2209,6 +2269,10 @@
 				command_buf.buf);
 	}
 
+	if (!*p) {
+		tree_content_replace(&b->branch_tree, sha1, mode, NULL);
+		return;
+	}
 	tree_content_set(&b->branch_tree, p, sha1, mode, NULL);
 }
 
@@ -2267,6 +2331,13 @@
 		tree_content_get(&b->branch_tree, s, &leaf);
 	if (!leaf.versions[1].mode)
 		die("Path %s not in branch", s);
+	if (!*d) {	/* C "path/to/subdir" "" */
+		tree_content_replace(&b->branch_tree,
+			leaf.versions[1].sha1,
+			leaf.versions[1].mode,
+			leaf.tree);
+		return;
+	}
 	tree_content_set(&b->branch_tree, d,
 		leaf.versions[1].sha1,
 		leaf.versions[1].mode,
@@ -2680,14 +2751,95 @@
 		unread_command_buf = 1;
 }
 
-static void parse_checkpoint(void)
+static void cat_blob_write(const char *buf, unsigned long size)
 {
+	if (write_in_full(cat_blob_fd, buf, size) != size)
+		die_errno("Write to frontend failed");
+}
+
+static void cat_blob(struct object_entry *oe, unsigned char sha1[20])
+{
+	struct strbuf line = STRBUF_INIT;
+	unsigned long size;
+	enum object_type type = 0;
+	char *buf;
+
+	if (!oe || oe->pack_id == MAX_PACK_ID) {
+		buf = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
+	} else {
+		type = oe->type;
+		buf = gfi_unpack_entry(oe, &size);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Output based on batch_one_object() from cat-file.c.
+	 */
+	if (type <= 0) {
+		strbuf_reset(&line);
+		strbuf_addf(&line, "%s missing\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		cat_blob_write(line.buf, line.len);
+		strbuf_release(&line);
+		free(buf);
+		return;
+	}
+	if (!buf)
+		die("Can't read object %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	if (type != OBJ_BLOB)
+		die("Object %s is a %s but a blob was expected.",
+		    sha1_to_hex(sha1), typename(type));
+	strbuf_reset(&line);
+	strbuf_addf(&line, "%s %s %lu\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1),
+						typename(type), size);
+	cat_blob_write(line.buf, line.len);
+	strbuf_release(&line);
+	cat_blob_write(buf, size);
+	cat_blob_write("\n", 1);
+	free(buf);
+}
+
+static void parse_cat_blob(void)
+{
+	const char *p;
+	struct object_entry *oe = oe;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+	/* cat-blob SP <object> LF */
+	p = command_buf.buf + strlen("cat-blob ");
+	if (*p == ':') {
+		char *x;
+		oe = find_mark(strtoumax(p + 1, &x, 10));
+		if (x == p + 1)
+			die("Invalid mark: %s", command_buf.buf);
+		if (!oe)
+			die("Unknown mark: %s", command_buf.buf);
+		if (*x)
+			die("Garbage after mark: %s", command_buf.buf);
+		hashcpy(sha1, oe->idx.sha1);
+	} else {
+		if (get_sha1_hex(p, sha1))
+			die("Invalid SHA1: %s", command_buf.buf);
+		if (p[40])
+			die("Garbage after SHA1: %s", command_buf.buf);
+		oe = find_object(sha1);
+	}
+
+	cat_blob(oe, sha1);
+}
+
+static void checkpoint(void)
+{
+	checkpoint_requested = 0;
 	if (object_count) {
 		cycle_packfile();
 		dump_branches();
 		dump_tags();
 		dump_marks();
 	}
+}
+
+static void parse_checkpoint(void)
+{
+	checkpoint_requested = 1;
 	skip_optional_lf();
 }
 
@@ -2737,16 +2889,25 @@
 		die("unknown --date-format argument %s", fmt);
 }
 
+static unsigned long ulong_arg(const char *option, const char *arg)
+{
+	char *endptr;
+	unsigned long rv = strtoul(arg, &endptr, 0);
+	if (strchr(arg, '-') || endptr == arg || *endptr)
+		die("%s: argument must be a non-negative integer", option);
+	return rv;
+}
+
 static void option_depth(const char *depth)
 {
-	max_depth = strtoul(depth, NULL, 0);
+	max_depth = ulong_arg("--depth", depth);
 	if (max_depth > MAX_DEPTH)
 		die("--depth cannot exceed %u", MAX_DEPTH);
 }
 
 static void option_active_branches(const char *branches)
 {
-	max_active_branches = strtoul(branches, NULL, 0);
+	max_active_branches = ulong_arg("--active-branches", branches);
 }
 
 static void option_export_marks(const char *marks)
@@ -2755,6 +2916,14 @@
 	safe_create_leading_directories_const(export_marks_file);
 }
 
+static void option_cat_blob_fd(const char *fd)
+{
+	unsigned long n = ulong_arg("--cat-blob-fd", fd);
+	if (n > (unsigned long) INT_MAX)
+		die("--cat-blob-fd cannot exceed %d", INT_MAX);
+	cat_blob_fd = (int) n;
+}
+
 static void option_export_pack_edges(const char *edges)
 {
 	if (pack_edges)
@@ -2808,6 +2977,8 @@
 		option_import_marks(feature + 13, from_stream);
 	} else if (!prefixcmp(feature, "export-marks=")) {
 		option_export_marks(feature + 13);
+	} else if (!strcmp(feature, "cat-blob")) {
+		; /* Don't die - this feature is supported */
 	} else if (!prefixcmp(feature, "relative-marks")) {
 		relative_marks_paths = 1;
 	} else if (!prefixcmp(feature, "no-relative-marks")) {
@@ -2902,6 +3073,11 @@
 		if (parse_one_feature(a + 2, 0))
 			continue;
 
+		if (!prefixcmp(a + 2, "cat-blob-fd=")) {
+			option_cat_blob_fd(a + 2 + strlen("cat-blob-fd="));
+			continue;
+		}
+
 		die("unknown option %s", a);
 	}
 	if (i != global_argc)
@@ -2944,6 +3120,7 @@
 	prepare_packed_git();
 	start_packfile();
 	set_die_routine(die_nicely);
+	set_checkpoint_signal();
 	while (read_next_command() != EOF) {
 		if (!strcmp("blob", command_buf.buf))
 			parse_new_blob();
@@ -2965,6 +3142,9 @@
 			/* ignore non-git options*/;
 		else
 			die("Unsupported command: %s", command_buf.buf);
+
+		if (checkpoint_requested)
+			checkpoint();
 	}
 
 	/* argv hasn't been parsed yet, do so */
diff --git a/git-am.sh b/git-am.sh
index f4db17d..6cdd591 100755
--- a/git-am.sh
+++ b/git-am.sh
@@ -467,12 +467,12 @@
 				set x
 				first=
 			}
-			case "$arg" in
-			/*)
-				set "$@" "$arg" ;;
-			*)
-				set "$@" "$prefix$arg" ;;
-			esac
+			if is_absolute_path "$arg"
+			then
+				set "$@" "$arg"
+			else
+				set "$@" "$prefix$arg"
+			fi
 		done
 		shift
 	fi
diff --git a/git-bisect.sh b/git-bisect.sh
index 6e2acb8..c21e33c 100755
--- a/git-bisect.sh
+++ b/git-bisect.sh
@@ -316,7 +316,12 @@
 	*)
 	    usage ;;
 	esac
-	git checkout "$branch" -- && bisect_clean_state
+	if git checkout "$branch" -- ; then
+		bisect_clean_state
+	else
+		die "Could not check out original HEAD '$branch'." \
+				"Try 'git bisect reset <commit>'."
+	fi
 }
 
 bisect_clean_state() {
@@ -338,6 +343,7 @@
 }
 
 bisect_replay () {
+	test "$#" -eq 1 || die "No logfile given"
 	test -r "$1" || die "cannot read $1 for replaying"
 	bisect_reset
 	while read git bisect command rev
@@ -412,6 +418,10 @@
     done
 }
 
+bisect_log () {
+	test -s "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_LOG" || die "We are not bisecting."
+	cat "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_LOG"
+}
 
 case "$#" in
 0)
@@ -438,7 +448,7 @@
     replay)
 	bisect_replay "$@" ;;
     log)
-	cat "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_LOG" ;;
+	bisect_log ;;
     run)
         bisect_run "$@" ;;
     *)
diff --git a/git-compat-util.h b/git-compat-util.h
index 2af8d3e..d6d269f 100644
--- a/git-compat-util.h
+++ b/git-compat-util.h
@@ -104,9 +104,14 @@
 #include <assert.h>
 #include <regex.h>
 #include <utime.h>
+#include <syslog.h>
+#ifndef NO_SYS_POLL_H
+#include <sys/poll.h>
+#else
+#include <poll.h>
+#endif
 #ifndef __MINGW32__
 #include <sys/wait.h>
-#include <sys/poll.h>
 #include <sys/socket.h>
 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
 #include <termios.h>
@@ -118,7 +123,11 @@
 #include <arpa/inet.h>
 #include <netdb.h>
 #include <pwd.h>
+#ifndef NO_INTTYPES_H
 #include <inttypes.h>
+#else
+#include <stdint.h>
+#endif
 #if defined(__CYGWIN__)
 #undef _XOPEN_SOURCE
 #include <grp.h>
@@ -386,6 +395,14 @@
 }
 #endif
 
+#ifdef NO_INET_PTON
+int inet_pton(int af, const char *src, void *dst);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef NO_INET_NTOP
+const char *inet_ntop(int af, const void *src, char *dst, size_t size);
+#endif
+
 extern void release_pack_memory(size_t, int);
 
 typedef void (*try_to_free_t)(size_t);
@@ -404,6 +421,7 @@
 extern int xdup(int fd);
 extern FILE *xfdopen(int fd, const char *mode);
 extern int xmkstemp(char *template);
+extern int xmkstemp_mode(char *template, int mode);
 extern int odb_mkstemp(char *template, size_t limit, const char *pattern);
 extern int odb_pack_keep(char *name, size_t namesz, unsigned char *sha1);
 
diff --git a/git-cvsimport.perl b/git-cvsimport.perl
index 249aeaf..d27abfe 100755
--- a/git-cvsimport.perl
+++ b/git-cvsimport.perl
@@ -612,7 +612,7 @@
 unless (-d $git_dir) {
 	system(qw(git init));
 	die "Cannot init the GIT db at $git_tree: $?\n" if $?;
-	system(qw(git read-tree));
+	system(qw(git read-tree --empty));
 	die "Cannot init an empty tree: $?\n" if $?;
 
 	$last_branch = $opt_o;
diff --git a/git-cvsserver.perl b/git-cvsserver.perl
index 2822bed..1b8bff2 100755
--- a/git-cvsserver.perl
+++ b/git-cvsserver.perl
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 #### Copyright The Open University UK - 2006.
 ####
 #### Authors: Martyn Smith    <martyn@catalyst.net.nz>
-####          Martin Langhoff <martin@catalyst.net.nz>
+####          Martin Langhoff <martin@laptop.org>
 ####
 ####
 #### Released under the GNU Public License, version 2.
@@ -2681,7 +2681,7 @@
 #### Copyright The Open University UK - 2006.
 ####
 #### Authors: Martyn Smith    <martyn@catalyst.net.nz>
-####          Martin Langhoff <martin@catalyst.net.nz>
+####          Martin Langhoff <martin@laptop.org>
 ####
 ####
 
@@ -2848,7 +2848,7 @@
 #### Copyright The Open University UK - 2006.
 ####
 #### Authors: Martyn Smith    <martyn@catalyst.net.nz>
-####          Martin Langhoff <martin@catalyst.net.nz>
+####          Martin Langhoff <martin@laptop.org>
 ####
 ####
 
diff --git a/git-difftool.perl b/git-difftool.perl
index e95e4ad..ced1615 100755
--- a/git-difftool.perl
+++ b/git-difftool.perl
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@
 	my @command = (exe('git'), 'diff');
 	my $skip_next = 0;
 	my $idx = -1;
+	my $prompt = '';
 	for my $arg (@ARGV) {
 		$idx++;
 		if ($skip_next) {
@@ -89,13 +90,11 @@
 			next;
 		}
 		if ($arg eq '-y' || $arg eq '--no-prompt') {
-			$ENV{GIT_DIFFTOOL_NO_PROMPT} = 'true';
-			delete $ENV{GIT_DIFFTOOL_PROMPT};
+			$prompt = 'no';
 			next;
 		}
 		if ($arg eq '--prompt') {
-			$ENV{GIT_DIFFTOOL_PROMPT} = 'true';
-			delete $ENV{GIT_DIFFTOOL_NO_PROMPT};
+			$prompt = 'yes';
 			next;
 		}
 		if ($arg eq '-h' || $arg eq '--help') {
@@ -103,6 +102,11 @@
 		}
 		push @command, $arg;
 	}
+	if ($prompt eq 'yes') {
+		$ENV{GIT_DIFFTOOL_PROMPT} = 'true';
+	} elsif ($prompt eq 'no') {
+		$ENV{GIT_DIFFTOOL_NO_PROMPT} = 'true';
+	}
 	return @command
 }
 
diff --git a/git-gui/git-gui.sh b/git-gui/git-gui.sh
index 4617f29..d3acf0d 100755
--- a/git-gui/git-gui.sh
+++ b/git-gui/git-gui.sh
@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@
 		puts stderr "source    $name"
 		uplevel 1 real__source $name
 	}
+	if {[tk windowingsystem] eq "win32"} { console show }
 }
 
 ######################################################################
@@ -444,6 +445,8 @@
 		set _nice [_which nice]
 		if {[catch {exec $_nice git version}]} {
 			set _nice {}
+		} elseif {[is_Windows] && [file dirname $_nice] ne [file dirname $::_git]} {
+			set _nice {}
 		}
 	}
 	if {$_nice ne {}} {
@@ -673,6 +676,7 @@
 if {[is_Windows]} {
 	wm iconbitmap . -default $oguilib/git-gui.ico
 	set ::tk::AlwaysShowSelection 1
+	bind . <Control-F2> {console show}
 
 	# Spoof an X11 display for SSH
 	if {![info exists env(DISPLAY)]} {
@@ -874,12 +878,19 @@
 	exit 1
 }
 
+proc get_trimmed_version {s} {
+    set r {}
+    foreach x [split $s -._] {
+        if {[string is integer -strict $x]} {
+            lappend r $x
+        } else {
+            break
+        }
+    }
+    return [join $r .]
+}
 set _real_git_version $_git_version
-regsub -- {[\-\.]dirty$} $_git_version {} _git_version
-regsub {\.[0-9]+\.g[0-9a-f]+$} $_git_version {} _git_version
-regsub {\.[a-zA-Z]+\.?[0-9]+$} $_git_version {} _git_version
-regsub {\.GIT$} $_git_version {} _git_version
-regsub {\.[a-zA-Z]+\.?[0-9]+$} $_git_version {} _git_version
+set _git_version [get_trimmed_version $_git_version]
 
 if {![regexp {^[1-9]+(\.[0-9]+)+$} $_git_version]} {
 	catch {wm withdraw .}
@@ -1183,13 +1194,22 @@
 # _gitdir exists, so try loading the config
 load_config 0
 apply_config
-# try to set work tree from environment, falling back to core.worktree
-if {[catch { set _gitworktree $env(GIT_WORK_TREE) }]} {
-	set _gitworktree [get_config core.worktree]
-	if {$_gitworktree eq ""} {
-		set _gitworktree [file dirname [file normalize $_gitdir]]
+
+# v1.7.0 introduced --show-toplevel to return the canonical work-tree
+if {[package vsatisfies $_git_version 1.7.0]} {
+	set _gitworktree [git rev-parse --show-toplevel]
+} else {
+	# try to set work tree from environment, core.worktree or use
+	# cdup to obtain a relative path to the top of the worktree. If
+	# run from the top, the ./ prefix ensures normalize expands pwd.
+	if {[catch { set _gitworktree $env(GIT_WORK_TREE) }]} {
+		set _gitworktree [get_config core.worktree]
+		if {$_gitworktree eq ""} {
+			set _gitworktree [file normalize ./[git rev-parse --show-cdup]]
+		}
 	}
 }
+
 if {$_prefix ne {}} {
 	if {$_gitworktree eq {}} {
 		regsub -all {[^/]+/} $_prefix ../ cdup
@@ -2861,7 +2881,8 @@
 	set s "usage: $::argv0 $::subcommand $::subcommand_args"
 	if {[tk windowingsystem] eq "win32"} {
 		wm withdraw .
-		tk_messageBox -icon info -title "Usage" -message $s
+		tk_messageBox -icon info -message $s \
+			-title [mc "Usage"]
 	} else {
 		puts stderr $s
 	}
@@ -2934,7 +2955,11 @@
 			if {[catch {
 					set head [git rev-parse --verify $head]
 				} err]} {
-				puts stderr $err
+				if {[tk windowingsystem] eq "win32"} {
+					tk_messageBox -icon error -title [mc Error] -message $err
+				} else {
+					puts stderr $err
+				}
 				exit 1
 			}
 		}
@@ -2973,18 +2998,19 @@
 citool -
 gui {
 	if {[llength $argv] != 0} {
-		puts -nonewline stderr "usage: $argv0"
-		if {$subcommand ne {gui}
-			&& [file tail $argv0] ne "git-$subcommand"} {
-			puts -nonewline stderr " $subcommand"
-		}
-		puts stderr {}
-		exit 1
+		usage
 	}
 	# fall through to setup UI for commits
 }
 default {
-	puts stderr "usage: $argv0 \[{blame|browser|citool}\]"
+	set err "usage: $argv0 \[{blame|browser|citool}\]"
+	if {[tk windowingsystem] eq "win32"} {
+		wm withdraw .
+		tk_messageBox -icon error -message $err \
+			-title [mc "Usage"]
+	} else {
+		puts stderr $err
+	}
 	exit 1
 }
 }
@@ -3286,6 +3312,7 @@
 	-xscrollcommand {.vpane.lower.diff.body.sbx set} \
 	-yscrollcommand {.vpane.lower.diff.body.sby set} \
 	-state disabled
+catch {$ui_diff configure -tabstyle wordprocessor}
 ${NS}::scrollbar .vpane.lower.diff.body.sbx -orient horizontal \
 	-command [list $ui_diff xview]
 ${NS}::scrollbar .vpane.lower.diff.body.sby -orient vertical \
@@ -3296,8 +3323,16 @@
 pack .vpane.lower.diff.header -side top -fill x
 pack .vpane.lower.diff.body -side bottom -fill both -expand 1
 
+foreach {n c} {0 black 1 red4 2 green4 3 yellow4 4 blue4 5 magenta4 6 cyan4 7 grey60} {
+	$ui_diff tag configure clr4$n -background $c
+	$ui_diff tag configure clri4$n -foreground $c
+	$ui_diff tag configure clr3$n -foreground $c
+	$ui_diff tag configure clri3$n -background $c
+}
+$ui_diff tag configure clr1 -font font_diffbold
+
 $ui_diff tag conf d_cr -elide true
-$ui_diff tag conf d_@ -foreground blue -font font_diffbold
+$ui_diff tag conf d_@ -font font_diffbold
 $ui_diff tag conf d_+ -foreground {#00a000}
 $ui_diff tag conf d_- -foreground red
 
diff --git a/git-gui/lib/branch_rename.tcl b/git-gui/lib/branch_rename.tcl
index 6398877..6e510ec 100644
--- a/git-gui/lib/branch_rename.tcl
+++ b/git-gui/lib/branch_rename.tcl
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
 			return 1
 		}
 
-	grid $w.rename.oldname_l $w.rename.oldname_m -sticky w  -padx {0 5}
+	grid $w.rename.oldname_l $w.rename.oldname_m -sticky we -padx {0 5}
 	grid $w.rename.newname_l $w.rename.newname_t -sticky we -padx {0 5}
 	grid columnconfigure $w.rename 1 -weight 1
 	pack $w.rename -anchor nw -fill x -pady 5 -padx 5
diff --git a/git-gui/lib/diff.tcl b/git-gui/lib/diff.tcl
index c628750..dcf0711 100644
--- a/git-gui/lib/diff.tcl
+++ b/git-gui/lib/diff.tcl
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@
 	}
 
 	lappend cmd -p
-	lappend cmd --no-color
+	lappend cmd --color
 	if {$repo_config(gui.diffcontext) >= 1} {
 		lappend cmd "-U$repo_config(gui.diffcontext)"
 	}
@@ -332,6 +332,23 @@
 	fileevent $fd readable [list read_diff $fd $cont_info]
 }
 
+proc parse_color_line {line} {
+	set start 0
+	set result ""
+	set markup [list]
+	set regexp {\033\[((?:\d+;)*\d+)?m}
+	while {[regexp -indices -start $start $regexp $line match code]} {
+		foreach {begin end} $match break
+		append result [string range $line $start [expr {$begin - 1}]]
+		lappend markup [string length $result] \
+			[eval [linsert $code 0 string range $line]]
+		set start [incr end]
+	}
+	append result [string range $line $start end]
+	if {[llength $markup] < 4} {set markup {}}
+	return [list $result $markup]
+}
+
 proc read_diff {fd cont_info} {
 	global ui_diff diff_active is_submodule_diff
 	global is_3way_diff is_conflict_diff current_diff_header
@@ -340,6 +357,9 @@
 
 	$ui_diff conf -state normal
 	while {[gets $fd line] >= 0} {
+		foreach {line markup} [parse_color_line $line] break
+		set line [string map {\033 ^} $line]
+
 		# -- Cleanup uninteresting diff header lines.
 		#
 		if {$::current_diff_inheader} {
@@ -434,11 +454,23 @@
 			}
 			}
 		}
+		set mark [$ui_diff index "end - 1 line linestart"]
 		$ui_diff insert end $line $tags
 		if {[string index $line end] eq "\r"} {
 			$ui_diff tag add d_cr {end - 2c}
 		}
 		$ui_diff insert end "\n" $tags
+
+		foreach {posbegin colbegin posend colend} $markup {
+			set prefix clr
+			foreach style [split $colbegin ";"] {
+				if {$style eq "7"} {append prefix i; continue}
+				if {$style < 30 || $style > 47} {continue}
+				set a "$mark linestart + $posbegin chars"
+				set b "$mark linestart + $posend chars"
+				catch {$ui_diff tag add $prefix$style $a $b}
+			}
+		}
 	}
 	$ui_diff conf -state disabled
 
diff --git a/git-instaweb.sh b/git-instaweb.sh
index e6f6ecd..10fcebb 100755
--- a/git-instaweb.sh
+++ b/git-instaweb.sh
@@ -580,6 +580,8 @@
 our \$projectroot = "$(dirname "$fqgitdir")";
 our \$git_temp = "$fqgitdir/gitweb/tmp";
 our \$projects_list = \$projectroot;
+
+\$feature{'remote_heads'}{'default'} = [1];
 EOF
 }
 
diff --git a/git-merge-octopus.sh b/git-merge-octopus.sh
index 615753c..8643f74 100755
--- a/git-merge-octopus.sh
+++ b/git-merge-octopus.sh
@@ -61,6 +61,11 @@
 	esac
 
 	eval pretty_name=\${GITHEAD_$SHA1:-$SHA1}
+	if test "$SHA1" = "$pretty_name"
+	then
+		SHA1_UP="$(echo "$SHA1" | tr a-z A-Z)"
+		eval pretty_name=\${GITHEAD_$SHA1_UP:-$pretty_name}
+	fi
 	common=$(git merge-base --all $SHA1 $MRC) ||
 		die "Unable to find common commit with $pretty_name"
 
diff --git a/git-mergetool--lib.sh b/git-mergetool--lib.sh
index b5e1943..77d4aee 100644
--- a/git-mergetool--lib.sh
+++ b/git-mergetool--lib.sh
@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@
 
 translate_merge_tool_path () {
 	case "$1" in
-	vimdiff)
+	vimdiff|vimdiff2)
 		echo vim
 		;;
-	gvimdiff)
+	gvimdiff|gvimdiff2)
 		echo gvim
 		;;
 	emerge)
@@ -47,7 +47,8 @@
 valid_tool () {
 	case "$1" in
 	kdiff3 | tkdiff | xxdiff | meld | opendiff | \
-	emerge | vimdiff | gvimdiff | ecmerge | diffuse | araxis | p4merge)
+	vimdiff | gvimdiff | vimdiff2 | gvimdiff2 | \
+	emerge | ecmerge | diffuse | araxis | p4merge)
 		;; # happy
 	tortoisemerge)
 		if ! merge_mode; then
@@ -169,25 +170,30 @@
 			"$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" | cat
 		fi
 		;;
-	vimdiff)
+	vimdiff|gvimdiff)
 		if merge_mode; then
 			touch "$BACKUP"
-			"$merge_tool_path" -d -c "wincmd l" \
-				"$LOCAL" "$MERGED" "$REMOTE"
+			if $base_present; then
+				"$merge_tool_path" -f -d -c "wincmd J" \
+					"$MERGED" "$LOCAL" "$BASE" "$REMOTE"
+			else
+				"$merge_tool_path" -f -d -c "wincmd l" \
+					"$LOCAL" "$MERGED" "$REMOTE"
+			fi
 			check_unchanged
 		else
-			"$merge_tool_path" -d -c "wincmd l" \
+			"$merge_tool_path" -f -d -c "wincmd l" \
 				"$LOCAL" "$REMOTE"
 		fi
 		;;
-	gvimdiff)
+	vimdiff2|gvimdiff2)
 		if merge_mode; then
 			touch "$BACKUP"
-			"$merge_tool_path" -d -c "wincmd l" -f \
+			"$merge_tool_path" -f -d -c "wincmd l" \
 				"$LOCAL" "$MERGED" "$REMOTE"
 			check_unchanged
 		else
-			"$merge_tool_path" -d -c "wincmd l" -f \
+			"$merge_tool_path" -f -d -c "wincmd l" \
 				"$LOCAL" "$REMOTE"
 		fi
 		;;
diff --git a/git-parse-remote.sh b/git-parse-remote.sh
index 5f47b18..1cc2ba6 100644
--- a/git-parse-remote.sh
+++ b/git-parse-remote.sh
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@
 	    origin="$1"
 	    default=$(get_default_remote)
 	    test -z "$origin" && origin=$default
-	    curr_branch=$(git symbolic-ref -q HEAD)
+	    curr_branch=$(git symbolic-ref -q HEAD) &&
 	    [ "$origin" = "$default" ] &&
 	    echo $(git for-each-ref --format='%(upstream)' $curr_branch)
 	    ;;
@@ -89,7 +89,13 @@
 	    refs/heads/*) remote=${remote#refs/heads/} ;;
 	    refs/* | tags/* | remotes/* ) remote=
 	    esac
-
-	    [ -n "$remote" ] && echo "refs/remotes/$repo/$remote"
+	    [ -n "$remote" ] && case "$repo" in
+		.)
+		    echo "refs/heads/$remote"
+		    ;;
+		*)
+		    echo "refs/remotes/$repo/$remote"
+		    ;;
+	    esac
 	esac
 }
diff --git a/git-pull.sh b/git-pull.sh
index 8eb74d4..eb87f49 100755
--- a/git-pull.sh
+++ b/git-pull.sh
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
 test -f "$GIT_DIR/MERGE_HEAD" && die_merge
 
 strategy_args= diffstat= no_commit= squash= no_ff= ff_only=
-log_arg= verbosity= progress=
+log_arg= verbosity= progress= recurse_submodules=
 merge_args=
 curr_branch=$(git symbolic-ref -q HEAD)
 curr_branch_short="${curr_branch#refs/heads/}"
@@ -105,6 +105,12 @@
 	--no-r|--no-re|--no-reb|--no-reba|--no-rebas|--no-rebase)
 		rebase=false
 		;;
+	--recurse-submodules)
+		recurse_submodules=--recurse-submodules
+		;;
+	--no-recurse-submodules)
+		recurse_submodules=--no-recurse-submodules
+		;;
 	--d|--dr|--dry|--dry-|--dry-r|--dry-ru|--dry-run)
 		dry_run=--dry-run
 		;;
@@ -201,10 +207,7 @@
 			die "updating an unborn branch with changes added to the index"
 		fi
 	else
-		git update-index --ignore-submodules --refresh &&
-		git diff-files --ignore-submodules --quiet &&
-		git diff-index --ignore-submodules --cached --quiet HEAD -- ||
-		die "refusing to pull with rebase: your working tree is not up-to-date"
+		require_clean_work_tree "pull with rebase" "Please commit or stash them."
 	fi
 	oldremoteref= &&
 	. git-parse-remote &&
@@ -220,7 +223,7 @@
 	done
 }
 orig_head=$(git rev-parse -q --verify HEAD)
-git fetch $verbosity $progress $dry_run --update-head-ok "$@" || exit 1
+git fetch $verbosity $progress $dry_run $recurse_submodules --update-head-ok "$@" || exit 1
 test -z "$dry_run" || exit 0
 
 curr_head=$(git rev-parse -q --verify HEAD)
diff --git a/git-rebase--interactive.sh b/git-rebase--interactive.sh
index a27952d..a5ffd9a 100755
--- a/git-rebase--interactive.sh
+++ b/git-rebase--interactive.sh
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 abort              abort rebasing process and restore original branch
 skip               skip current patch and continue rebasing process
 no-verify          override pre-rebase hook from stopping the operation
+verify             allow pre-rebase hook to run
 root               rebase all reachable commmits up to the root(s)
 autosquash         move commits that begin with squash!/fixup! under -i
 "
@@ -153,14 +154,6 @@
 	fi
 }
 
-require_clean_work_tree () {
-	# test if working tree is dirty
-	git rev-parse --verify HEAD > /dev/null &&
-	git update-index --ignore-submodules --refresh &&
-	git diff-files --quiet --ignore-submodules &&
-	git diff-index --cached --quiet HEAD --ignore-submodules -- ||
-	die "Working tree is dirty"
-}
 
 ORIG_REFLOG_ACTION="$GIT_REFLOG_ACTION"
 
@@ -557,7 +550,7 @@
 			exit "$status"
 		fi
 		# Run in subshell because require_clean_work_tree can die.
-		if ! (require_clean_work_tree)
+		if ! (require_clean_work_tree "rebase")
 		then
 			warn "Commit or stash your changes, and then run"
 			warn
@@ -675,9 +668,27 @@
 # comes immediately after the former, and change "pick" to
 # "fixup"/"squash".
 rearrange_squash () {
-	sed -n -e 's/^pick \([0-9a-f]*\) \(squash\)! /\1 \2 /p' \
-		-e 's/^pick \([0-9a-f]*\) \(fixup\)! /\1 \2 /p' \
-		"$1" >"$1.sq"
+	# extract fixup!/squash! lines and resolve any referenced sha1's
+	while read -r pick sha1 message
+	do
+		case "$message" in
+		"squash! "*|"fixup! "*)
+			action="${message%%!*}"
+			rest="${message#*! }"
+			echo "$sha1 $action $rest"
+			# if it's a single word, try to resolve to a full sha1 and
+			# emit a second copy. This allows us to match on both message
+			# and on sha1 prefix
+			if test "${rest#* }" = "$rest"; then
+				fullsha="$(git rev-parse -q --verify "$rest" 2>/dev/null)"
+				if test -n "$fullsha"; then
+					# prefix the action to uniquely identify this line as
+					# intended for full sha1 match
+					echo "$sha1 +$action $fullsha"
+				fi
+			fi
+		esac
+	done >"$1.sq" <"$1"
 	test -s "$1.sq" || return
 
 	used=
@@ -687,14 +698,26 @@
 		*" $sha1 "*) continue ;;
 		esac
 		printf '%s\n' "$pick $sha1 $message"
+		used="$used$sha1 "
 		while read -r squash action msg
 		do
-			case "$message" in
-			"$msg"*)
+			case " $used" in
+			*" $squash "*) continue ;;
+			esac
+			emit=0
+			case "$action" in
+			+*)
+				action="${action#+}"
+				# full sha1 prefix test
+				case "$msg" in "$sha1"*) emit=1;; esac ;;
+			*)
+				# message prefix test
+				case "$message" in "$msg"*) emit=1;; esac ;;
+			esac
+			if test $emit = 1; then
 				printf '%s\n' "$action $squash $action! $msg"
 				used="$used$squash "
-				;;
-			esac
+			fi
 		done <"$1.sq"
 	done >"$1.rearranged" <"$1"
 	cat "$1.rearranged" >"$1"
@@ -727,6 +750,7 @@
 		OK_TO_SKIP_PRE_REBASE=yes
 		;;
 	--verify)
+		OK_TO_SKIP_PRE_REBASE=
 		;;
 	--continue)
 		is_standalone "$@" || usage
@@ -768,7 +792,7 @@
 
 		record_in_rewritten "$(cat "$DOTEST"/stopped-sha)"
 
-		require_clean_work_tree
+		require_clean_work_tree "rebase"
 		do_rest
 		;;
 	--abort)
@@ -866,7 +890,7 @@
 
 		comment_for_reflog start
 
-		require_clean_work_tree
+		require_clean_work_tree "rebase" "Please commit or stash them."
 
 		if test ! -z "$1"
 		then
diff --git a/git-rebase.sh b/git-rebase.sh
index 6a7e5e0..d8e1903 100755
--- a/git-rebase.sh
+++ b/git-rebase.sh
@@ -206,6 +206,9 @@
 	--no-verify)
 		OK_TO_SKIP_PRE_REBASE=yes
 		;;
+	--verify)
+		OK_TO_SKIP_PRE_REBASE=
+		;;
 	--continue)
 		test -d "$dotest" -o -d "$GIT_DIR"/rebase-apply ||
 			die "No rebase in progress?"
@@ -414,19 +417,7 @@
 	fi
 fi
 
-# The tree must be really really clean.
-if ! git update-index --ignore-submodules --refresh > /dev/null; then
-	echo >&2 "cannot rebase: you have unstaged changes"
-	git diff-files --name-status -r --ignore-submodules -- >&2
-	exit 1
-fi
-diff=$(git diff-index --cached --name-status -r --ignore-submodules HEAD --)
-case "$diff" in
-?*)	echo >&2 "cannot rebase: your index contains uncommitted changes"
-	echo >&2 "$diff"
-	exit 1
-	;;
-esac
+require_clean_work_tree "rebase" "Please commit or stash them."
 
 if test -z "$rebase_root"
 then
diff --git a/git-send-email.perl b/git-send-email.perl
index c1d8edb..76565de 100755
--- a/git-send-email.perl
+++ b/git-send-email.perl
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 use Data::Dumper;
 use Term::ANSIColor;
 use File::Temp qw/ tempdir tempfile /;
+use File::Spec::Functions qw(catfile);
 use Error qw(:try);
 use Git;
 
@@ -61,6 +62,7 @@
     --envelope-sender       <str>  * Email envelope sender.
     --smtp-server       <str:int>  * Outgoing SMTP server to use. The port
                                      is optional. Default 'localhost'.
+    --smtp-server-option    <str>  * Outgoing SMTP server option to use.
     --smtp-server-port      <int>  * Outgoing SMTP server port.
     --smtp-user             <str>  * Username for SMTP-AUTH.
     --smtp-pass             <str>  * Password for SMTP-AUTH; not necessary.
@@ -71,6 +73,7 @@
 
   Automating:
     --identity              <str>  * Use the sendemail.<id> options.
+    --to-cmd                <str>  * Email To: via `<str> \$patch_path`
     --cc-cmd                <str>  * Email Cc: via `<str> \$patch_path`
     --suppress-cc           <str>  * author, self, sob, cc, cccmd, body, bodycc, all.
     --[no-]signed-off-by-cc        * Send to Signed-off-by: addresses. Default on.
@@ -136,11 +139,8 @@
 my $smtp;
 my $auth;
 
-sub unique_email_list(@);
-sub cleanup_compose_files();
-
 # Variables we fill in automatically, or via prompting:
-my (@to,$no_to,@cc,$no_cc,@initial_cc,@bcclist,$no_bcc,@xh,
+my (@to,$no_to,@initial_to,@cc,$no_cc,@initial_cc,@bcclist,$no_bcc,@xh,
 	$initial_reply_to,$initial_subject,@files,
 	$author,$sender,$smtp_authpass,$annotate,$compose,$time);
 
@@ -190,9 +190,11 @@
 }
 
 # Variables with corresponding config settings
-my ($thread, $chain_reply_to, $suppress_from, $signed_off_by_cc, $cc_cmd);
-my ($smtp_server, $smtp_server_port, $smtp_authuser, $smtp_encryption);
-my ($identity, $aliasfiletype, @alias_files, @smtp_host_parts, $smtp_domain);
+my ($thread, $chain_reply_to, $suppress_from, $signed_off_by_cc);
+my ($to_cmd, $cc_cmd);
+my ($smtp_server, $smtp_server_port, @smtp_server_options);
+my ($smtp_authuser, $smtp_encryption);
+my ($identity, $aliasfiletype, @alias_files, $smtp_domain);
 my ($validate, $confirm);
 my (@suppress_cc);
 my ($auto_8bit_encoding);
@@ -213,10 +215,12 @@
 my %config_settings = (
     "smtpserver" => \$smtp_server,
     "smtpserverport" => \$smtp_server_port,
+    "smtpserveroption" => \@smtp_server_options,
     "smtpuser" => \$smtp_authuser,
     "smtppass" => \$smtp_authpass,
-	"smtpdomain" => \$smtp_domain,
-    "to" => \@to,
+    "smtpdomain" => \$smtp_domain,
+    "to" => \@initial_to,
+    "tocmd" => \$to_cmd,
     "cc" => \@initial_cc,
     "cccmd" => \$cc_cmd,
     "aliasfiletype" => \$aliasfiletype,
@@ -274,7 +278,8 @@
 my $rc = GetOptions("sender|from=s" => \$sender,
                     "in-reply-to=s" => \$initial_reply_to,
 		    "subject=s" => \$initial_subject,
-		    "to=s" => \@to,
+		    "to=s" => \@initial_to,
+		    "to-cmd=s" => \$to_cmd,
 		    "no-to" => \$no_to,
 		    "cc=s" => \@initial_cc,
 		    "no-cc" => \$no_cc,
@@ -282,6 +287,7 @@
 		    "no-bcc" => \$no_bcc,
 		    "chain-reply-to!" => \$chain_reply_to,
 		    "smtp-server=s" => \$smtp_server,
+		    "smtp-server-option=s" => \@smtp_server_options,
 		    "smtp-server-port=s" => \$smtp_server_port,
 		    "smtp-user=s" => \$smtp_authuser,
 		    "smtp-pass:s" => \$smtp_authpass,
@@ -368,7 +374,7 @@
 if (@suppress_cc) {
 	foreach my $entry (@suppress_cc) {
 		die "Unknown --suppress-cc field: '$entry'\n"
-			unless $entry =~ /^(all|cccmd|cc|author|self|sob|body|bodycc)$/;
+			unless $entry =~ /^(?:all|cccmd|cc|author|self|sob|body|bodycc)$/;
 		$suppress_cc{$entry} = 1;
 	}
 }
@@ -413,7 +419,7 @@
 
 # Verify the user input
 
-foreach my $entry (@to) {
+foreach my $entry (@initial_to) {
 	die "Comma in --to entry: $entry'\n" unless $entry !~ m/,/;
 }
 
@@ -512,12 +518,12 @@
 		push @rev_list_opts, "--", @ARGV;
 		@ARGV = ();
 	} elsif (-d $f and !check_file_rev_conflict($f)) {
-		opendir(DH,$f)
+		opendir my $dh, $f
 			or die "Failed to opendir $f: $!";
 
-		push @files, grep { -f $_ } map { +$f . "/" . $_ }
-				sort readdir(DH);
-		closedir(DH);
+		push @files, grep { -f $_ } map { catfile($f, $_) }
+				sort readdir $dh;
+		closedir $dh;
 	} elsif ((-f $f or -p $f) and !check_file_rev_conflict($f)) {
 		push @files, $f;
 	} else {
@@ -549,7 +555,7 @@
 	usage();
 }
 
-sub get_patch_subject($) {
+sub get_patch_subject {
 	my $fn = shift;
 	open (my $fh, '<', $fn);
 	while (my $line = <$fh>) {
@@ -567,7 +573,7 @@
 	$compose_filename = ($repo ?
 		tempfile(".gitsendemail.msg.XXXXXX", DIR => $repo->repo_path()) :
 		tempfile(".gitsendemail.msg.XXXXXX", DIR => "."))[1];
-	open(C,">",$compose_filename)
+	open my $c, ">", $compose_filename
 		or die "Failed to open for writing $compose_filename: $!";
 
 
@@ -575,7 +581,7 @@
 	my $tpl_subject = $initial_subject || '';
 	my $tpl_reply_to = $initial_reply_to || '';
 
-	print C <<EOT;
+	print $c <<EOT;
 From $tpl_sender # This line is ignored.
 GIT: Lines beginning in "GIT:" will be removed.
 GIT: Consider including an overall diffstat or table of contents
@@ -588,9 +594,9 @@
 
 EOT
 	for my $f (@files) {
-		print C get_patch_subject($f);
+		print $c get_patch_subject($f);
 	}
-	close(C);
+	close $c;
 
 	if ($annotate) {
 		do_edit($compose_filename, @files);
@@ -598,23 +604,23 @@
 		do_edit($compose_filename);
 	}
 
-	open(C2,">",$compose_filename . ".final")
+	open my $c2, ">", $compose_filename . ".final"
 		or die "Failed to open $compose_filename.final : " . $!;
 
-	open(C,"<",$compose_filename)
+	open $c, "<", $compose_filename
 		or die "Failed to open $compose_filename : " . $!;
 
 	my $need_8bit_cte = file_has_nonascii($compose_filename);
 	my $in_body = 0;
 	my $summary_empty = 1;
-	while(<C>) {
+	while(<$c>) {
 		next if m/^GIT:/;
 		if ($in_body) {
 			$summary_empty = 0 unless (/^\n$/);
 		} elsif (/^\n$/) {
 			$in_body = 1;
 			if ($need_8bit_cte) {
-				print C2 "MIME-Version: 1.0\n",
+				print $c2 "MIME-Version: 1.0\n",
 					 "Content-Type: text/plain; ",
 					   "charset=UTF-8\n",
 					 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n";
@@ -639,10 +645,10 @@
 			print "To/Cc/Bcc fields are not interpreted yet, they have been ignored\n";
 			next;
 		}
-		print C2 $_;
+		print $c2 $_;
 	}
-	close(C);
-	close(C2);
+	close $c;
+	close $c2;
 
 	if ($summary_empty) {
 		print "Summary email is empty, skipping it\n";
@@ -679,7 +685,7 @@
 
 my %broken_encoding;
 
-sub file_declares_8bit_cte($) {
+sub file_declares_8bit_cte {
 	my $fn = shift;
 	open (my $fh, '<', $fn);
 	while (my $line = <$fh>) {
@@ -708,7 +714,7 @@
 
 if (!$force) {
 	for my $f (@files) {
-		if (get_patch_subject($f) =~ /\*\*\* SUBJECT HERE \*\*\*/) {
+		if (get_patch_subject($f) =~ /\Q*** SUBJECT HERE ***\E/) {
 			die "Refusing to send because the patch\n\t$f\n"
 				. "has the template subject '*** SUBJECT HERE ***'. "
 				. "Pass --force if you really want to send.\n";
@@ -725,9 +731,9 @@
 	$prompting++;
 }
 
-if (!@to) {
+if (!@initial_to && !defined $to_cmd) {
 	my $to = ask("Who should the emails be sent to? ");
-	push @to, parse_address_line($to) if defined $to; # sanitized/validated later
+	push @initial_to, parse_address_line($to) if defined $to; # sanitized/validated later
 	$prompting++;
 }
 
@@ -745,8 +751,8 @@
 	return $aliases{$alias} ? expand_aliases(@{$aliases{$alias}}) : $alias;
 }
 
-@to = expand_aliases(@to);
-@to = (map { sanitize_address($_) } @to);
+@initial_to = expand_aliases(@initial_to);
+@initial_to = (map { sanitize_address($_) } @initial_to);
 @initial_cc = expand_aliases(@initial_cc);
 @bcclist = expand_aliases(@bcclist);
 
@@ -780,8 +786,8 @@
 
 sub extract_valid_address {
 	my $address = shift;
-	my $local_part_regexp = '[^<>"\s@]+';
-	my $domain_regexp = '[^.<>"\s@]+(?:\.[^.<>"\s@]+)+';
+	my $local_part_regexp = qr/[^<>"\s@]+/;
+	my $domain_regexp = qr/[^.<>"\s@]+(?:\.[^.<>"\s@]+)+/;
 
 	# check for a local address:
 	return $address if ($address =~ /^($local_part_regexp)$/);
@@ -822,7 +828,7 @@
 		last if (defined $du_part and $du_part ne '');
 	}
 	if (not defined $du_part or $du_part eq '') {
-		use Sys::Hostname qw();
+		require Sys::Hostname;
 		$du_part = 'user@' . Sys::Hostname::hostname();
 	}
 	my $message_id_template = "<%s-git-send-email-%s>";
@@ -855,8 +861,8 @@
 
 sub is_rfc2047_quoted {
 	my $s = shift;
-	my $token = '[^][()<>@,;:"\/?.= \000-\037\177-\377]+';
-	my $encoded_text = '[!->@-~]+';
+	my $token = qr/[^][()<>@,;:"\/?.= \000-\037\177-\377]+/;
+	my $encoded_text = qr/[!->@-~]+/;
 	length($s) <= 75 &&
 	$s =~ m/^(?:"[[:ascii:]]*"|=\?$token\?$token\?$encoded_text\?=)$/o;
 }
@@ -867,7 +873,7 @@
 	my ($recipient_name, $recipient_addr) = ($recipient =~ /^(.*?)\s*(<.*)/);
 
 	if (not $recipient_name) {
-		return "$recipient";
+		return $recipient;
 	}
 
 	# if recipient_name is already quoted, do nothing
@@ -884,7 +890,7 @@
 	# double quotes are needed if specials or CTLs are included
 	elsif ($recipient_name =~ /[][()<>@,;:\\".\000-\037\177]/) {
 		$recipient_name =~ s/(["\\\r])/\\$1/g;
-		$recipient_name = "\"$recipient_name\"";
+		$recipient_name = qq["$recipient_name"];
 	}
 
 	return "$recipient_name $recipient_addr";
@@ -1029,6 +1035,8 @@
 		}
 	}
 
+	unshift (@sendmail_parameters, @smtp_server_options);
+
 	if ($dry_run) {
 		# We don't want to send the email.
 	} elsif ($smtp_server =~ m#^/#) {
@@ -1038,7 +1046,7 @@
 			exec($smtp_server, @sendmail_parameters) or die $!;
 		}
 		print $sm "$header\n$message";
-		close $sm or die $?;
+		close $sm or die $!;
 	} else {
 
 		if (!defined $smtp_server) {
@@ -1144,12 +1152,13 @@
 $message_num = 0;
 
 foreach my $t (@files) {
-	open(F,"<",$t) or die "can't open file $t";
+	open my $fh, "<", $t or die "can't open file $t";
 
 	my $author = undef;
 	my $author_encoding;
 	my $has_content_type;
 	my $body_encoding;
+	@to = ();
 	@cc = ();
 	@xh = ();
 	my $input_format = undef;
@@ -1157,7 +1166,7 @@
 	$message = "";
 	$message_num++;
 	# First unfold multiline header fields
-	while(<F>) {
+	while(<$fh>) {
 		last if /^\s*$/;
 		if (/^\s+\S/ and @header) {
 			chomp($header[$#header]);
@@ -1190,6 +1199,13 @@
 					$1, $_) unless $quiet;
 				push @cc, $1;
 			}
+			elsif (/^To:\s+(.*)$/) {
+				foreach my $addr (parse_address_line($1)) {
+					printf("(mbox) Adding to: %s from line '%s'\n",
+						$addr, $_) unless $quiet;
+					push @to, sanitize_address($addr);
+				}
+			}
 			elsif (/^Cc:\s+(.*)$/) {
 				foreach my $addr (parse_address_line($1)) {
 					if (unquote_rfc2047($addr) eq $sender) {
@@ -1233,7 +1249,7 @@
 		}
 	}
 	# Now parse the message body
-	while(<F>) {
+	while(<$fh>) {
 		$message .=  $_;
 		if (/^(Signed-off-by|Cc): (.*)$/i) {
 			chomp;
@@ -1250,23 +1266,12 @@
 				$c, $_) unless $quiet;
 		}
 	}
-	close F;
+	close $fh;
 
-	if (defined $cc_cmd && !$suppress_cc{'cccmd'}) {
-		open(F, "$cc_cmd \Q$t\E |")
-			or die "(cc-cmd) Could not execute '$cc_cmd'";
-		while(<F>) {
-			my $c = $_;
-			$c =~ s/^\s*//g;
-			$c =~ s/\n$//g;
-			next if ($c eq $sender and $suppress_from);
-			push @cc, $c;
-			printf("(cc-cmd) Adding cc: %s from: '%s'\n",
-				$c, $cc_cmd) unless $quiet;
-		}
-		close F
-			or die "(cc-cmd) failed to close pipe to '$cc_cmd'";
-	}
+	push @to, recipients_cmd("to-cmd", "to", $to_cmd, $t)
+		if defined $to_cmd;
+	push @cc, recipients_cmd("cc-cmd", "cc", $cc_cmd, $t)
+		if defined $cc_cmd && !$suppress_cc{'cccmd'};
 
 	if ($broken_encoding{$t} && !$has_content_type) {
 		$has_content_type = 1;
@@ -1307,13 +1312,15 @@
 		($confirm =~ /^(?:auto|compose)$/ && $compose && $message_num == 1));
 	$needs_confirm = "inform" if ($needs_confirm && $confirm_unconfigured && @cc);
 
+	@to = (@initial_to, @to);
 	@cc = (@initial_cc, @cc);
 
 	my $message_was_sent = send_message();
 
 	# set up for the next message
 	if ($thread && $message_was_sent &&
-		(chain_reply_to() || !defined $reply_to || length($reply_to) == 0)) {
+		(chain_reply_to() || !defined $reply_to || length($reply_to) == 0 ||
+		$message_num == 1)) {
 		$reply_to = $message_id;
 		if (length $references > 0) {
 			$references .= "\n $message_id";
@@ -1324,15 +1331,38 @@
 	$message_id = undef;
 }
 
+# Execute a command (e.g. $to_cmd) to get a list of email addresses
+# and return a results array
+sub recipients_cmd {
+	my ($prefix, $what, $cmd, $file) = @_;
+
+	my $sanitized_sender = sanitize_address($sender);
+	my @addresses = ();
+	open my $fh, "$cmd \Q$file\E |"
+	    or die "($prefix) Could not execute '$cmd'";
+	while (my $address = <$fh>) {
+		$address =~ s/^\s*//g;
+		$address =~ s/\s*$//g;
+		$address = sanitize_address($address);
+		next if ($address eq $sanitized_sender and $suppress_from);
+		push @addresses, $address;
+		printf("($prefix) Adding %s: %s from: '%s'\n",
+		       $what, $address, $cmd) unless $quiet;
+		}
+	close $fh
+	    or die "($prefix) failed to close pipe to '$cmd'";
+	return @addresses;
+}
+
 cleanup_compose_files();
 
-sub cleanup_compose_files() {
+sub cleanup_compose_files {
 	unlink($compose_filename, $compose_filename . ".final") if $compose;
 }
 
 $smtp->quit if $smtp;
 
-sub unique_email_list(@) {
+sub unique_email_list {
 	my %seen;
 	my @emails;
 
diff --git a/git-sh-setup.sh b/git-sh-setup.sh
index 8d54b73..aa16b83 100644
--- a/git-sh-setup.sh
+++ b/git-sh-setup.sh
@@ -145,6 +145,35 @@
 	die "fatal: $0 cannot be used without a working tree."
 }
 
+require_clean_work_tree () {
+	git rev-parse --verify HEAD >/dev/null || exit 1
+	git update-index -q --ignore-submodules --refresh
+	err=0
+
+	if ! git diff-files --quiet --ignore-submodules
+	then
+		echo >&2 "Cannot $1: You have unstaged changes."
+		err=1
+	fi
+
+	if ! git diff-index --cached --quiet --ignore-submodules HEAD --
+	then
+		if [ $err = 0 ]
+		then
+		    echo >&2 "Cannot $1: Your index contains uncommitted changes."
+		else
+		    echo >&2 "Additionally, your index contains uncommitted changes."
+		fi
+		err=1
+	fi
+
+	if [ $err = 1 ]
+	then
+		test -n "$2" && echo >&2 "$2"
+		exit 1
+	fi
+}
+
 get_author_ident_from_commit () {
 	pick_author_script='
 	/^author /{
@@ -206,5 +235,20 @@
 	find () {
 		/usr/bin/find "$@"
 	}
+	is_absolute_path () {
+		case "$1" in
+		[/\\]* | [A-Za-z]:*)
+			return 0 ;;
+		esac
+		return 1
+	}
 	;;
+*)
+	is_absolute_path () {
+		case "$1" in
+		/*)
+			return 0 ;;
+		esac
+		return 1
+	}
 esac
diff --git a/git-submodule.sh b/git-submodule.sh
index c291eed..c21b77a 100755
--- a/git-submodule.sh
+++ b/git-submodule.sh
@@ -93,20 +93,6 @@
 	url=$2
 	reference="$3"
 
-	# If there already is a directory at the submodule path,
-	# expect it to be empty (since that is the default checkout
-	# action) and try to remove it.
-	# Note: if $path is a symlink to a directory the test will
-	# succeed but the rmdir will fail. We might want to fix this.
-	if test -d "$path"
-	then
-		rmdir "$path" 2>/dev/null ||
-		die "Directory '$path' exists, but is neither empty nor a git repository"
-	fi
-
-	test -e "$path" &&
-	die "A file already exist at path '$path'"
-
 	if test -n "$reference"
 	then
 		git-clone "$reference" -n "$url" "$path"
@@ -241,7 +227,7 @@
 			# ash fails to wordsplit ${branch:+-b "$branch"...}
 			case "$branch" in
 			'') git checkout -f -q ;;
-			?*) git checkout -f -q -b "$branch" "origin/$branch" ;;
+			?*) git checkout -f -q -B "$branch" "origin/$branch" ;;
 			esac
 		) || die "Unable to checkout submodule '$path'"
 	fi
@@ -374,41 +360,35 @@
 cmd_update()
 {
 	# parse $args after "submodule ... update".
-	orig_args="$@"
+	orig_flags=
 	while test $# -ne 0
 	do
 		case "$1" in
 		-q|--quiet)
-			shift
 			GIT_QUIET=1
 			;;
 		-i|--init)
 			init=1
-			shift
 			;;
 		-N|--no-fetch)
-			shift
 			nofetch=1
 			;;
 		-r|--rebase)
-			shift
 			update="rebase"
 			;;
 		--reference)
 			case "$2" in '') usage ;; esac
 			reference="--reference=$2"
-			shift 2
+			orig_flags="$orig_flags $(git rev-parse --sq-quote "$1")"
+			shift
 			;;
 		--reference=*)
 			reference="$1"
-			shift
 			;;
 		-m|--merge)
-			shift
 			update="merge"
 			;;
 		--recursive)
-			shift
 			recursive=1
 			;;
 		--)
@@ -422,6 +402,8 @@
 			break
 			;;
 		esac
+		orig_flags="$orig_flags $(git rev-parse --sq-quote "$1")"
+		shift
 	done
 
 	if test -n "$init"
@@ -500,7 +482,7 @@
 
 		if test -n "$recursive"
 		then
-			(clear_local_git_env; cd "$path" && cmd_update $orig_args) ||
+			(clear_local_git_env; cd "$path" && eval cmd_update "$orig_flags") ||
 			die "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$path'"
 		fi
 	done
@@ -733,7 +715,7 @@
 cmd_status()
 {
 	# parse $args after "submodule ... status".
-	orig_args="$@"
+	orig_flags=
 	while test $# -ne 0
 	do
 		case "$1" in
@@ -757,6 +739,7 @@
 			break
 			;;
 		esac
+		orig_flags="$orig_flags $(git rev-parse --sq-quote "$1")"
 		shift
 	done
 
@@ -790,7 +773,7 @@
 				prefix="$displaypath/"
 				clear_local_git_env
 				cd "$path" &&
-				cmd_status $orig_args
+				eval cmd_status "$orig_args"
 			) ||
 			die "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$path'"
 		fi
diff --git a/git-svn.perl b/git-svn.perl
index 757de82..177dd25 100755
--- a/git-svn.perl
+++ b/git-svn.perl
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@
 	$_version, $_fetch_all, $_no_rebase, $_fetch_parent,
 	$_merge, $_strategy, $_dry_run, $_local,
 	$_prefix, $_no_checkout, $_url, $_verbose,
-	$_git_format, $_commit_url, $_tag);
+	$_git_format, $_commit_url, $_tag, $_merge_info);
 $Git::SVN::_follow_parent = 1;
 $_q ||= 0;
 my %remote_opts = ( 'username=s' => \$Git::SVN::Prompt::_username,
@@ -154,6 +154,7 @@
 			  'commit-url=s' => \$_commit_url,
 			  'revision|r=i' => \$_revision,
 			  'no-rebase' => \$_no_rebase,
+			  'mergeinfo=s' => \$_merge_info,
 			%cmt_opts, %fc_opts } ],
 	branch => [ \&cmd_branch,
 	            'Create a branch in the SVN repository',
@@ -569,6 +570,7 @@
 			                       print "Committed r$_[0]\n";
 			                       $cmt_rev = $_[0];
 			                },
+					mergeinfo => $_merge_info,
 			                svn_path => '');
 			if (!SVN::Git::Editor->new(\%ed_opts)->apply_diff) {
 				print "No changes\n$d~1 == $d\n";
@@ -4451,6 +4453,7 @@
 	$self->{path_prefix} = length $self->{svn_path} ?
 	                       "$self->{svn_path}/" : '';
 	$self->{config} = $opts->{config};
+	$self->{mergeinfo} = $opts->{mergeinfo};
 	return $self;
 }
 
@@ -4760,6 +4763,11 @@
 	$self->SUPER::change_file_prop($fbat, $pname, $pval, $self->{pool});
 }
 
+sub change_dir_prop {
+	my ($self, $pbat, $pname, $pval) = @_;
+	$self->SUPER::change_dir_prop($pbat, $pname, $pval, $self->{pool});
+}
+
 sub _chg_file_get_blob ($$$$) {
 	my ($self, $fbat, $m, $which) = @_;
 	my $fh = $::_repository->temp_acquire("git_blob_$which");
@@ -4853,6 +4861,11 @@
 			fatal("Invalid change type: $f");
 		}
 	}
+
+	if (defined($self->{mergeinfo})) {
+		$self->change_dir_prop($self->{bat}{''}, "svn:mergeinfo",
+			               $self->{mergeinfo});
+	}
 	$self->rmdirs if $_rmdir;
 	if (@$mods == 0) {
 		$self->abort_edit;
diff --git a/git-web--browse.sh b/git-web--browse.sh
index 3fc4166..e9de241 100755
--- a/git-web--browse.sh
+++ b/git-web--browse.sh
@@ -31,154 +31,161 @@
 
 valid_tool() {
 	case "$1" in
-		firefox | iceweasel | chrome | google-chrome | chromium | konqueror | w3m | links | lynx | dillo | open | start)
-			;; # happy
-		*)
-			valid_custom_tool "$1" || return 1
-			;;
+	firefox | iceweasel | seamonkey | iceape | \
+	chrome | google-chrome | chromium | chromium-browser |\
+	konqueror | opera | w3m | elinks | links | lynx | dillo | open | start)
+		;; # happy
+	*)
+		valid_custom_tool "$1" || return 1
+		;;
 	esac
 }
 
 init_browser_path() {
 	browser_path=$(git config "browser.$1.path")
-	test -z "$browser_path" && browser_path="$1"
+	if test -z "$browser_path" &&
+	   test "$1" = chromium &&
+	   type chromium-browser >/dev/null 2>&1
+	then
+		browser_path=chromium-browser
+	fi
+	: ${browser_path:="$1"}
 }
 
 while test $# != 0
 do
-    case "$1" in
+	case "$1" in
 	-b|--browser*|-t|--tool*)
-	    case "$#,$1" in
+		case "$#,$1" in
 		*,*=*)
-		    browser=`expr "z$1" : 'z-[^=]*=\(.*\)'`
-		    ;;
+			browser=`expr "z$1" : 'z-[^=]*=\(.*\)'`
+			;;
 		1,*)
-		    usage ;;
+			usage ;;
 		*)
-		    browser="$2"
-		    shift ;;
-	    esac
-	    ;;
+			browser="$2"
+			shift ;;
+		esac
+		;;
 	-c|--config*)
-	    case "$#,$1" in
+		case "$#,$1" in
 		*,*=*)
-		    conf=`expr "z$1" : 'z-[^=]*=\(.*\)'`
-		    ;;
+			conf=`expr "z$1" : 'z-[^=]*=\(.*\)'`
+			;;
 		1,*)
-		    usage ;;
+			usage ;;
 		*)
-		    conf="$2"
-		    shift ;;
-	    esac
-	    ;;
+			conf="$2"
+			shift ;;
+		esac
+		;;
 	--)
-	    break
-	    ;;
+		break
+		;;
 	-*)
-	    usage
-	    ;;
+		usage
+		;;
 	*)
-	    break
-	    ;;
-    esac
-    shift
+		break
+		;;
+	esac
+	shift
 done
 
 test $# = 0 && usage
 
 if test -z "$browser"
 then
-    for opt in "$conf" "web.browser"
-    do
-	test -z "$opt" && continue
-	browser="`git config $opt`"
-	test -z "$browser" || break
-    done
-    if test -n "$browser" && ! valid_tool "$browser"; then
-	echo >&2 "git config option $opt set to unknown browser: $browser"
-	echo >&2 "Resetting to default..."
-	unset browser
-    fi
+	for opt in "$conf" "web.browser"
+	do
+		test -z "$opt" && continue
+		browser="`git config $opt`"
+		test -z "$browser" || break
+	done
+	if test -n "$browser" && ! valid_tool "$browser"; then
+		echo >&2 "git config option $opt set to unknown browser: $browser"
+		echo >&2 "Resetting to default..."
+		unset browser
+	fi
 fi
 
 if test -z "$browser" ; then
-    if test -n "$DISPLAY"; then
-	browser_candidates="firefox iceweasel google-chrome chrome chromium konqueror w3m links lynx dillo"
-	if test "$KDE_FULL_SESSION" = "true"; then
-	    browser_candidates="konqueror $browser_candidates"
+	if test -n "$DISPLAY"; then
+		browser_candidates="firefox iceweasel google-chrome chrome chromium chromium-browser konqueror opera seamonkey iceape w3m elinks links lynx dillo"
+		if test "$KDE_FULL_SESSION" = "true"; then
+			browser_candidates="konqueror $browser_candidates"
+		fi
+	else
+		browser_candidates="w3m elinks links lynx"
 	fi
-    else
-	browser_candidates="w3m links lynx"
-    fi
-    # SECURITYSESSIONID indicates an OS X GUI login session
-    if test -n "$SECURITYSESSIONID" \
-	    -o "$TERM_PROGRAM" = "Apple_Terminal" ; then
-	browser_candidates="open $browser_candidates"
-    fi
-    # /bin/start indicates MinGW
-    if test -x /bin/start; then
-	browser_candidates="start $browser_candidates"
-    fi
+	# SECURITYSESSIONID indicates an OS X GUI login session
+	if test -n "$SECURITYSESSIONID" \
+		-o "$TERM_PROGRAM" = "Apple_Terminal" ; then
+		browser_candidates="open $browser_candidates"
+	fi
+	# /bin/start indicates MinGW
+	if test -x /bin/start; then
+		browser_candidates="start $browser_candidates"
+	fi
 
-    for i in $browser_candidates; do
-	init_browser_path $i
-	if type "$browser_path" > /dev/null 2>&1; then
-	    browser=$i
-	    break
-	fi
-    done
-    test -z "$browser" && die "No known browser available."
+	for i in $browser_candidates; do
+		init_browser_path $i
+		if type "$browser_path" > /dev/null 2>&1; then
+			browser=$i
+			break
+		fi
+	done
+	test -z "$browser" && die "No known browser available."
 else
-    valid_tool "$browser" || die "Unknown browser '$browser'."
+	valid_tool "$browser" || die "Unknown browser '$browser'."
 
-    init_browser_path "$browser"
+	init_browser_path "$browser"
 
-    if test -z "$browser_cmd" && ! type "$browser_path" > /dev/null 2>&1; then
-	die "The browser $browser is not available as '$browser_path'."
-    fi
+	if test -z "$browser_cmd" && ! type "$browser_path" > /dev/null 2>&1; then
+		die "The browser $browser is not available as '$browser_path'."
+	fi
 fi
 
 case "$browser" in
-    firefox|iceweasel)
+firefox|iceweasel|seamonkey|iceape)
 	# Check version because firefox < 2.0 does not support "-new-tab".
 	vers=$(expr "$($browser_path -version)" : '.* \([0-9][0-9]*\)\..*')
 	NEWTAB='-new-tab'
 	test "$vers" -lt 2 && NEWTAB=''
 	"$browser_path" $NEWTAB "$@" &
 	;;
-    google-chrome|chrome|chromium)
-	# Actual command for chromium is chromium-browser.
+google-chrome|chrome|chromium|chromium-browser)
 	# No need to specify newTab. It's default in chromium
 	eval "$browser_path" "$@" &
 	;;
-    konqueror)
+konqueror)
 	case "$(basename "$browser_path")" in
-	    konqueror)
+	konqueror)
 		# It's simpler to use kfmclient to open a new tab in konqueror.
 		browser_path="$(echo "$browser_path" | sed -e 's/konqueror$/kfmclient/')"
 		type "$browser_path" > /dev/null 2>&1 || die "No '$browser_path' found."
 		eval "$browser_path" newTab "$@"
 		;;
-	    kfmclient)
+	kfmclient)
 		eval "$browser_path" newTab "$@"
 		;;
-	    *)
+	*)
 		"$browser_path" "$@" &
 		;;
 	esac
 	;;
-    w3m|links|lynx|open)
+w3m|elinks|links|lynx|open)
 	eval "$browser_path" "$@"
 	;;
-    start)
-        exec "$browser_path" '"web-browse"' "$@"
-        ;;
-    dillo)
+start)
+	exec "$browser_path" '"web-browse"' "$@"
+	;;
+opera|dillo)
 	"$browser_path" "$@" &
 	;;
-    *)
+*)
 	if test -n "$browser_cmd"; then
-	    ( eval $browser_cmd "$@" )
+		( eval $browser_cmd "$@" )
 	fi
 	;;
 esac
diff --git a/git.c b/git.c
index 0409ac9..68334f6 100644
--- a/git.c
+++ b/git.c
@@ -19,14 +19,22 @@
 static int use_pager = -1;
 struct pager_config {
 	const char *cmd;
-	int val;
+	int want;
+	char *value;
 };
 
 static int pager_command_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *data)
 {
 	struct pager_config *c = data;
-	if (!prefixcmp(var, "pager.") && !strcmp(var + 6, c->cmd))
-		c->val = git_config_bool(var, value);
+	if (!prefixcmp(var, "pager.") && !strcmp(var + 6, c->cmd)) {
+		int b = git_config_maybe_bool(var, value);
+		if (b >= 0)
+			c->want = b;
+		else {
+			c->want = 1;
+			c->value = xstrdup(value);
+		}
+	}
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -35,9 +43,12 @@
 {
 	struct pager_config c;
 	c.cmd = cmd;
-	c.val = -1;
+	c.want = -1;
+	c.value = NULL;
 	git_config(pager_command_config, &c);
-	return c.val;
+	if (c.value)
+		pager_program = c.value;
+	return c.want;
 }
 
 static void commit_pager_choice(void) {
@@ -264,6 +275,10 @@
 			use_pager = check_pager_config(p->cmd);
 		if (use_pager == -1 && p->option & USE_PAGER)
 			use_pager = 1;
+
+		if ((p->option & (RUN_SETUP | RUN_SETUP_GENTLY)) &&
+		    startup_info->have_repository) /* get_git_dir() may set up repo, avoid that */
+			trace_repo_setup(prefix);
 	}
 	commit_pager_choice();
 
@@ -374,6 +389,8 @@
 		{ "receive-pack", cmd_receive_pack },
 		{ "reflog", cmd_reflog, RUN_SETUP },
 		{ "remote", cmd_remote, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "remote-ext", cmd_remote_ext },
+		{ "remote-fd", cmd_remote_fd },
 		{ "replace", cmd_replace, RUN_SETUP },
 		{ "repo-config", cmd_config, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
 		{ "rerere", cmd_rerere, RUN_SETUP },
diff --git a/gitk-git/gitk b/gitk-git/gitk
index 1b0e09a..e82c6bf 100644
--- a/gitk-git/gitk
+++ b/gitk-git/gitk
@@ -131,6 +131,7 @@
 
 proc parseviewargs {n arglist} {
     global vdatemode vmergeonly vflags vdflags vrevs vfiltered vorigargs env
+    global worddiff git_version
 
     set vdatemode($n) 0
     set vmergeonly($n) 0
@@ -168,7 +169,7 @@
 		lappend diffargs $arg
 	    }
 	    "--raw" - "--patch-with-raw" - "--patch-with-stat" -
-	    "--name-only" - "--name-status" - "--color" - "--color-words" -
+	    "--name-only" - "--name-status" - "--color" -
 	    "--log-size" - "--pretty=*" - "--decorate" - "--abbrev-commit" -
 	    "--cc" - "-z" - "--header" - "--parents" - "--boundary" -
 	    "--no-color" - "-g" - "--walk-reflogs" - "--no-walk" -
@@ -177,6 +178,18 @@
 		# These cause our parsing of git log's output to fail, or else
 		# they're options we want to set ourselves, so ignore them.
 	    }
+	    "--color-words*" - "--word-diff=color" {
+		# These trigger a word diff in the console interface,
+		# so help the user by enabling our own support
+		if {[package vcompare $git_version "1.7.2"] >= 0} {
+		    set worddiff [mc "Color words"]
+		}
+	    }
+	    "--word-diff*" {
+		if {[package vcompare $git_version "1.7.2"] >= 0} {
+		    set worddiff [mc "Markup words"]
+		}
+	    }
 	    "--stat=*" - "--numstat" - "--shortstat" - "--summary" -
 	    "--check" - "--exit-code" - "--quiet" - "--topo-order" -
 	    "--full-history" - "--dense" - "--sparse" -
@@ -313,6 +326,7 @@
     global viewactive viewinstances vmergeonly
     global mainheadid viewmainheadid viewmainheadid_orig
     global vcanopt vflags vrevs vorigargs
+    global show_notes
 
     set startmsecs [clock clicks -milliseconds]
     set commitidx($view) 0
@@ -361,8 +375,8 @@
     }
 
     if {[catch {
-	set fd [open [concat | git log --no-color -z --pretty=raw --parents \
-			 --boundary $args "--" $files] r]
+	set fd [open [concat | git log --no-color -z --pretty=raw $show_notes \
+			--parents --boundary $args "--" $files] r]
     } err]} {
 	error_popup "[mc "Error executing git log:"] $err"
 	return 0
@@ -456,6 +470,7 @@
     global mainheadid viewmainheadid viewmainheadid_orig pending_select
     global isworktree
     global varcid vposids vnegids vflags vrevs
+    global show_notes
 
     set isworktree [expr {[exec git rev-parse --is-inside-work-tree] == "true"}]
     rereadrefs
@@ -508,8 +523,8 @@
 	set args $vorigargs($view)
     }
     if {[catch {
-	set fd [open [concat | git log --no-color -z --pretty=raw --parents \
-			  --boundary $args "--" $vfilelimit($view)] r]
+	set fd [open [concat | git log --no-color -z --pretty=raw $show_notes \
+			--parents --boundary $args "--" $vfilelimit($view)] r]
     } err]} {
 	error_popup "[mc "Error executing git log:"] $err"
 	return
@@ -1970,6 +1985,8 @@
     global fprogitem fprogcoord lastprogupdate progupdatepending
     global rprogitem rprogcoord rownumsel numcommits
     global have_tk85 use_ttk NS
+    global git_version
+    global worddiff
 
     # The "mc" arguments here are purely so that xgettext
     # sees the following string as needing to be translated
@@ -2243,6 +2260,15 @@
     ${NS}::checkbutton .bleft.mid.ignspace -text [mc "Ignore space change"] \
 	-command changeignorespace -variable ignorespace
     pack .bleft.mid.ignspace -side left -padx 5
+
+    set worddiff [mc "Line diff"]
+    if {[package vcompare $git_version "1.7.2"] >= 0} {
+	makedroplist .bleft.mid.worddiff worddiff [mc "Line diff"] \
+	    [mc "Markup words"] [mc "Color words"]
+	trace add variable worddiff write changeworddiff
+	pack .bleft.mid.worddiff -side left -padx 5
+    }
+
     set ctext .bleft.bottom.ctext
     text $ctext -background $bgcolor -foreground $fgcolor \
 	-state disabled -font textfont \
@@ -2451,6 +2477,7 @@
     global ctxbut
     bind $cflist $ctxbut {pop_flist_menu %W %X %Y %x %y}
     bind $ctext $ctxbut {pop_diff_menu %W %X %Y %x %y}
+    bind $ctext <Button-1> {focus %W}
 
     set maincursor [. cget -cursor]
     set textcursor [$ctext cget -cursor]
@@ -7301,6 +7328,7 @@
 			    [lindex [split $commentend .] 0]}]
 	    mark_ctext_line $lnum
 	}
+	$ctext config -state disabled
 	return 0
     }
     $ctext config -state disabled
@@ -7502,11 +7530,16 @@
     reselectline
 }
 
+proc changeworddiff {name ix op} {
+    reselectline
+}
+
 proc getblobdiffs {ids} {
     global blobdifffd diffids env
     global diffinhdr treediffs
     global diffcontext
     global ignorespace
+    global worddiff
     global limitdiffs vfilelimit curview
     global diffencoding targetline diffnparents
     global git_version currdiffsubmod
@@ -7523,6 +7556,9 @@
     if {$ignorespace} {
 	append cmd " -w"
     }
+    if {$worddiff ne [mc "Line diff"]} {
+	append cmd " --word-diff=porcelain"
+    }
     if {$limitdiffs && $vfilelimit($curview) ne {}} {
 	set cmd [concat $cmd -- $vfilelimit($curview)]
     }
@@ -7608,6 +7644,7 @@
     global ctext_file_names ctext_file_lines
     global diffinhdr treediffs mergemax diffnparents
     global diffencoding jump_to_here targetline diffline currdiffsubmod
+    global worddiff
 
     set nr 0
     $ctext conf -state normal
@@ -7747,15 +7784,28 @@
 	    # parse the prefix - one ' ', '-' or '+' for each parent
 	    set prefix [string range $line 0 [expr {$diffnparents - 1}]]
 	    set tag [expr {$diffnparents > 1? "m": "d"}]
+	    set dowords [expr {$worddiff ne [mc "Line diff"] && $diffnparents == 1}]
+	    set words_pre_markup ""
+	    set words_post_markup ""
 	    if {[string trim $prefix " -+"] eq {}} {
 		# prefix only has " ", "-" and "+" in it: normal diff line
 		set num [string first "-" $prefix]
+		if {$dowords} {
+		    set line [string range $line 1 end]
+		}
 		if {$num >= 0} {
 		    # removed line, first parent with line is $num
 		    if {$num >= $mergemax} {
 			set num "max"
 		    }
-		    $ctext insert end "$line\n" $tag$num
+		    if {$dowords && $worddiff eq [mc "Markup words"]} {
+			$ctext insert end "\[-$line-\]" $tag$num
+		    } else {
+			$ctext insert end "$line" $tag$num
+		    }
+		    if {!$dowords} {
+			$ctext insert end "\n" $tag$num
+		    }
 		} else {
 		    set tags {}
 		    if {[string first "+" $prefix] >= 0} {
@@ -7770,6 +7820,8 @@
 				lappend tags m$num
 			    }
 			}
+			set words_pre_markup "{+"
+			set words_post_markup "+}"
 		    }
 		    if {$targetline ne {}} {
 			if {$diffline == $targetline} {
@@ -7779,8 +7831,17 @@
 			    incr diffline
 			}
 		    }
-		    $ctext insert end "$line\n" $tags
+		    if {$dowords && $worddiff eq [mc "Markup words"]} {
+			$ctext insert end "$words_pre_markup$line$words_post_markup" $tags
+		    } else {
+			$ctext insert end "$line" $tags
+		    }
+		    if {!$dowords} {
+			$ctext insert end "\n" $tags
+		    }
 		}
+	    } elseif {$dowords && $prefix eq "~"} {
+		$ctext insert end "\n" {}
 	    } else {
 		# "\ No newline at end of file",
 		# or something else we don't recognize
@@ -11391,6 +11452,7 @@
 set diffcolors {red "#00a000" blue}
 set diffcontext 3
 set ignorespace 0
+set worddiff ""
 set markbgcolor "#e0e0ff"
 
 set circlecolors {white blue gray blue blue}
@@ -11521,6 +11583,11 @@
 
 set git_version [join [lrange [split [lindex [exec git version] end] .] 0 2] .]
 
+set show_notes {}
+if {[package vcompare $git_version "1.6.6.2"] >= 0} {
+    set show_notes "--show-notes"
+}
+
 set runq {}
 set history {}
 set historyindex 0
diff --git a/gitk-git/po/pt_br.po b/gitk-git/po/pt_br.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1486e32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitk-git/po/pt_br.po
@@ -0,0 +1,1277 @@
+# Translation of gitk to Brazilian Portuguese.
+# Copyright (C) 2007 Paul Mackerras, et al.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the gitk package.
+#
+# Alexandre Erwin Ittner <alexandre@ittner.com.br>, 2010.
+#
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: gitk\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2010-01-26 15:47-0800\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2010-12-06 23:39-0200\n"
+"Last-Translator: Alexandre Erwin Ittner <alexandre@ittner.com.br>\n"
+"Language-Team: Brazilian Portuguese <>\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+#: gitk:115
+msgid "Couldn't get list of unmerged files:"
+msgstr "Não foi possível obter a lista dos arquivos não mesclados:"
+
+#: gitk:274
+msgid "Error parsing revisions:"
+msgstr "Erro ao interpretar revisões:"
+
+#: gitk:330
+msgid "Error executing --argscmd command:"
+msgstr "Erro ao executar o comando--argscmd:"
+
+#: gitk:343
+msgid "No files selected: --merge specified but no files are unmerged."
+msgstr ""
+"Nenhum arquivo foi selecionado: --merge especificado mas não há arquivos não-"
+"mesclados."
+
+#: gitk:346
+msgid ""
+"No files selected: --merge specified but no unmerged files are within file "
+"limit."
+msgstr ""
+"Nenhum arquivo foi selecionado: --merge especificado mas não há arquivos não-"
+"mesclados dentro dos limites."
+
+#: gitk:368 gitk:516
+msgid "Error executing git log:"
+msgstr "Erro ao executar git log:"
+
+#: gitk:386 gitk:532
+msgid "Reading"
+msgstr "Lendo"
+
+#: gitk:446 gitk:4271
+msgid "Reading commits..."
+msgstr "Lendo revisões..."
+
+#: gitk:449 gitk:1580 gitk:4274
+msgid "No commits selected"
+msgstr "Nenhuma revisão foi selecionada"
+
+#: gitk:1456
+msgid "Can't parse git log output:"
+msgstr "Não foi possível interpretar a saída do \"git log\":"
+
+#: gitk:1676
+msgid "No commit information available"
+msgstr "Não há informações disponíveis sobre a revisão"
+
+#: gitk:1818
+msgid "mc"
+msgstr "mc"
+
+#: gitk:1853 gitk:4064 gitk:9067 gitk:10607 gitk:10817
+msgid "OK"
+msgstr "Ok"
+
+#: gitk:1855 gitk:4066 gitk:8657 gitk:8736 gitk:8851 gitk:8900 gitk:9069
+#: gitk:10608 gitk:10818
+msgid "Cancel"
+msgstr "Cancelar"
+
+#: gitk:1980
+msgid "Update"
+msgstr "Atualizar"
+
+#: gitk:1981
+msgid "Reload"
+msgstr "Recarregar"
+
+#: gitk:1982
+msgid "Reread references"
+msgstr "Ler as referências novamente"
+
+#: gitk:1983
+msgid "List references"
+msgstr "Listar referências"
+
+#: gitk:1985
+msgid "Start git gui"
+msgstr "Iniciar Git GUI"
+
+#: gitk:1987
+msgid "Quit"
+msgstr "Sair"
+
+#: gitk:1979
+msgid "File"
+msgstr "Arquivo"
+
+#: gitk:1991
+msgid "Preferences"
+msgstr "Preferências"
+
+#: gitk:1990
+msgid "Edit"
+msgstr "Editar"
+
+#: gitk:1995
+msgid "New view..."
+msgstr "Nova vista..."
+
+#: gitk:1996
+msgid "Edit view..."
+msgstr "Editar vista..."
+
+#: gitk:1997
+msgid "Delete view"
+msgstr "Apagar vista"
+
+#: gitk:1999
+msgid "All files"
+msgstr "Todos os arquivos"
+
+#: gitk:1994 gitk:3817
+msgid "View"
+msgstr "Exibir"
+
+#: gitk:2004 gitk:2014 gitk:2787
+msgid "About gitk"
+msgstr "Sobre o gitk"
+
+#: gitk:2005 gitk:2019
+msgid "Key bindings"
+msgstr "Atalhos de teclado"
+
+#: gitk:2003 gitk:2018
+msgid "Help"
+msgstr "Ajuda"
+
+#: gitk:2096 gitk:8132
+msgid "SHA1 ID:"
+msgstr "SHA1 ID:"
+
+#: gitk:2127
+msgid "Row"
+msgstr "Linha"
+
+#: gitk:2165
+msgid "Find"
+msgstr "Encontrar"
+
+#: gitk:2166
+msgid "next"
+msgstr "Próximo"
+
+#: gitk:2167
+msgid "prev"
+msgstr "Anterior"
+
+#: gitk:2168
+msgid "commit"
+msgstr "Revisão"
+
+#: gitk:2171 gitk:2173 gitk:4432 gitk:4455 gitk:4479 gitk:6420 gitk:6492
+#: gitk:6576
+msgid "containing:"
+msgstr "contendo:"
+
+#: gitk:2174 gitk:3298 gitk:3303 gitk:4507
+msgid "touching paths:"
+msgstr "envolvendo os caminhos:"
+
+#: gitk:2175 gitk:4512
+msgid "adding/removing string:"
+msgstr "Adicionando/removendo texto:"
+
+#: gitk:2184 gitk:2186
+msgid "Exact"
+msgstr "Exatamente"
+
+#: gitk:2186 gitk:4587 gitk:6388
+msgid "IgnCase"
+msgstr "Ignorar maiúsculas/minúsculas"
+
+#: gitk:2186 gitk:4481 gitk:4585 gitk:6384
+msgid "Regexp"
+msgstr "Expressão regular"
+
+#: gitk:2188 gitk:2189 gitk:4606 gitk:4636 gitk:4643 gitk:6512 gitk:6580
+msgid "All fields"
+msgstr "Todos os campos"
+
+#: gitk:2189 gitk:4604 gitk:4636 gitk:6451
+msgid "Headline"
+msgstr "Assunto"
+
+#: gitk:2190 gitk:4604 gitk:6451 gitk:6580 gitk:7013
+msgid "Comments"
+msgstr "Descrição da revisão"
+
+#: gitk:2190 gitk:4604 gitk:4608 gitk:4643 gitk:6451 gitk:6948 gitk:8307
+#: gitk:8322
+msgid "Author"
+msgstr "Autor"
+
+#: gitk:2190 gitk:4604 gitk:6451 gitk:6950
+msgid "Committer"
+msgstr "Revisor"
+
+#: gitk:2221
+msgid "Search"
+msgstr "Buscar"
+
+#: gitk:2229
+msgid "Diff"
+msgstr "Diferenças"
+
+#: gitk:2231
+msgid "Old version"
+msgstr "Versão antiga"
+
+#: gitk:2233
+msgid "New version"
+msgstr "Versão nova"
+
+#: gitk:2235
+msgid "Lines of context"
+msgstr "Número de linhas de contexto"
+
+#: gitk:2245
+msgid "Ignore space change"
+msgstr "Ignorar mudanças de caixa"
+
+#: gitk:2304
+msgid "Patch"
+msgstr "Diferenças"
+
+#: gitk:2306
+msgid "Tree"
+msgstr "Árvore"
+
+#: gitk:2463 gitk:2480
+msgid "Diff this -> selected"
+msgstr "Comparar esta revisão com a selecionada"
+
+#: gitk:2464 gitk:2481
+msgid "Diff selected -> this"
+msgstr "Comparar a revisão selecionada com esta"
+
+#: gitk:2465 gitk:2482
+msgid "Make patch"
+msgstr "Criar patch"
+
+#: gitk:2466 gitk:8715
+msgid "Create tag"
+msgstr "Criar etiqueta"
+
+#: gitk:2467 gitk:8831
+msgid "Write commit to file"
+msgstr "Salvar revisão para um arquivo"
+
+#: gitk:2468 gitk:8888
+msgid "Create new branch"
+msgstr "Criar novo ramo"
+
+#: gitk:2469
+msgid "Cherry-pick this commit"
+msgstr "Fazer cherry-pick desta revisão"
+
+#: gitk:2470
+msgid "Reset HEAD branch to here"
+msgstr "Redefinir HEAD para cá"
+
+#: gitk:2471
+msgid "Mark this commit"
+msgstr "Marcar esta revisão"
+
+#: gitk:2472
+msgid "Return to mark"
+msgstr "Voltar à marca"
+
+#: gitk:2473
+msgid "Find descendant of this and mark"
+msgstr "Encontrar descendente e marcar"
+
+#: gitk:2474
+msgid "Compare with marked commit"
+msgstr "Comparar com a revisão marcada"
+
+#: gitk:2488
+msgid "Check out this branch"
+msgstr "Efetuar checkout deste ramo"
+
+#: gitk:2489
+msgid "Remove this branch"
+msgstr "Excluir este ramo"
+
+#: gitk:2496
+msgid "Highlight this too"
+msgstr "Marcar este também"
+
+#: gitk:2497
+msgid "Highlight this only"
+msgstr "Marcar apenas este"
+
+#: gitk:2498
+msgid "External diff"
+msgstr "Diff externo"
+
+#: gitk:2499
+msgid "Blame parent commit"
+msgstr "Anotar revisão anterior"
+
+#: gitk:2506
+msgid "Show origin of this line"
+msgstr "Exibir origem desta linha"
+
+#: gitk:2507
+msgid "Run git gui blame on this line"
+msgstr "Executar 'git blame' nesta linha"
+
+#: gitk:2789
+msgid "\n"
+"Gitk - a commit viewer for git\n"
+"\n"
+"Copyright ©9 2005-2010 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"\n"
+"Use and redistribute under the terms of the GNU General Public License"
+msgstr "\n"
+"Gitk - um visualizador de revisões para o git \n"
+"\n"
+"Copyright ©9 2005-2010 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"\n"
+"Uso e distribuição segundo os termos da Licença Pública Geral GNU"
+
+#: gitk:2797 gitk:2862 gitk:9253
+msgid "Close"
+msgstr "Fechar"
+
+#: gitk:2818
+msgid "Gitk key bindings"
+msgstr "Atalhos de teclado"
+
+#: gitk:2821
+msgid "Gitk key bindings:"
+msgstr "Atalhos de teclado:"
+
+#: gitk:2823
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Q>\t\tQuit"
+msgstr "<%s-Q>\t\tSair"
+
+#: gitk:2824
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-W>\t\tClose window"
+msgstr "<%s-W>\t\tFechar janela"
+
+#: gitk:2825
+msgid "<Home>\t\tMove to first commit"
+msgstr "<Home>\t\tIr para a primeira revisão"
+
+#: gitk:2826
+msgid "<End>\t\tMove to last commit"
+msgstr "<End>\t\tIr para a última revisão"
+
+#: gitk:2827
+msgid "<Up>, p, i\tMove up one commit"
+msgstr "<Up>, p, i\tIr para uma revisão acima"
+
+#: gitk:2828
+msgid "<Down>, n, k\tMove down one commit"
+msgstr "<Down>, n, k\tIr para uma revisão abaixo"
+
+#: gitk:2829
+msgid "<Left>, z, j\tGo back in history list"
+msgstr "<Left>, z, j\tVoltar no histórico"
+
+#: gitk:2830
+msgid "<Right>, x, l\tGo forward in history list"
+msgstr "<Right>, x, l\tAvançar no histórico"
+
+#: gitk:2831
+msgid "<PageUp>\tMove up one page in commit list"
+msgstr "<PageUp>\tSubir uma página na lista de revisões"
+
+#: gitk:2832
+msgid "<PageDown>\tMove down one page in commit list"
+msgstr "<PageDown>\tDescer uma página na lista de revisões"
+
+#: gitk:2833
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Home>\tScroll to top of commit list"
+msgstr "<%s-Home>\tRolar para o início da lista de revisões"
+
+#: gitk:2834
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-End>\tScroll to bottom of commit list"
+msgstr "<%s-End>\tRolar para o final da lista de revisões"
+
+#: gitk:2835
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Up>\tScroll commit list up one line"
+msgstr "<%s-Up>\tRolar uma linha acima na lista de revisões"
+
+#: gitk:2836
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Down>\tScroll commit list down one line"
+msgstr "<%s-Down>\tRolar uma linha abaixo na lista de revisões"
+
+#: gitk:2837
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-PageUp>\tScroll commit list up one page"
+msgstr "<%s-PageUp>\tRolar uma página acima na lista de revisões"
+
+#: gitk:2838
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-PageDown>\tScroll commit list down one page"
+msgstr "<%s-PageDown>\tRolar uma página abaixo na lista de revisões"
+
+#: gitk:2839
+msgid "<Shift-Up>\tFind backwards (upwards, later commits)"
+msgstr "<Shift-Up>\tProcurar próxima (revisões mas recentes)"
+
+#: gitk:2840
+msgid "<Shift-Down>\tFind forwards (downwards, earlier commits)"
+msgstr "<Shift-Down>\tProcurar anterior (revisões mais antigas)"
+
+#: gitk:2841
+msgid "<Delete>, b\tScroll diff view up one page"
+msgstr "<Delete>, b\tRola alterações uma página acima"
+
+#: gitk:2842
+msgid "<Backspace>\tScroll diff view up one page"
+msgstr "<Backspace>\tRolar alterações uma página abaixo"
+
+#: gitk:2843
+msgid "<Space>\t\tScroll diff view down one page"
+msgstr "<Space>\t\tRolar alterações uma página abaixo"
+
+#: gitk:2844
+msgid "u\t\tScroll diff view up 18 lines"
+msgstr "u\t\tRolar alterações 18 linhas acima"
+
+#: gitk:2845
+msgid "d\t\tScroll diff view down 18 lines"
+msgstr "d\t\tRolar alterações 18 linhas abaixo"
+
+#: gitk:2846
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-F>\t\tFind"
+msgstr "<%s-F>\t\tProcurar"
+
+#: gitk:2847
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-G>\t\tMove to next find hit"
+msgstr "<%s-G>\t\tIr para a próxima ocorrência"
+
+#: gitk:2848
+msgid "<Return>\tMove to next find hit"
+msgstr "<Return>\tIr para a próxima ocorrência"
+
+#: gitk:2849
+msgid "/\t\tFocus the search box"
+msgstr "/\t\tPor foco na caixa de busca"
+
+#: gitk:2850
+msgid "?\t\tMove to previous find hit"
+msgstr "?\t\tIr para a ocorrência anterior"
+
+#: gitk:2851
+msgid "f\t\tScroll diff view to next file"
+msgstr "f\t\tRolar alterações para o próximo arquivo"
+
+#: gitk:2852
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-S>\t\tSearch for next hit in diff view"
+msgstr "<%s-S>\t\tProcurar a próxima ocorrência na lista de alterações"
+
+#: gitk:2853
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-R>\t\tSearch for previous hit in diff view"
+msgstr "<%s-R>\t\tProcurar ocorrência anterior na lista de alterações"
+
+#: gitk:2854
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-KP+>\tIncrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-KP+>\tAumentar tamanho da fonte"
+
+#: gitk:2855
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-plus>\tIncrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-plus>\tAumentar tamanho da fonte"
+
+#: gitk:2856
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-KP->\tDecrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-KP->\tReduzir tamanho da fonte"
+
+#: gitk:2857
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-minus>\tDecrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-minus>\tReduzir tamanho da fonte"
+
+#: gitk:2858
+msgid "<F5>\t\tUpdate"
+msgstr "<F5>\t\tAtualizar"
+
+#: gitk:3313 gitk:3322
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error creating temporary directory %s:"
+msgstr "Erro ao criar o diretório temporário %s:"
+
+#: gitk:3335
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error getting \"%s\" from %s:"
+msgstr "Erro ao ler \"%s\" de %s:"
+
+#: gitk:3398
+msgid "command failed:"
+msgstr "O comando falhou:"
+
+#: gitk:3547
+msgid "No such commit"
+msgstr "Revisão não encontrada"
+
+#: gitk:3561
+msgid "git gui blame: command failed:"
+msgstr "Comando 'git gui blame' falhou:"
+
+#: gitk:3592
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Couldn't read merge head: %s"
+msgstr "Impossível ler merge head: %s"
+
+#: gitk:3600
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error reading index: %s"
+msgstr "Erro ao ler o índice: %s"
+
+#: gitk:3625
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Couldn't start git blame: %s"
+msgstr "Não foi possível inciar o 'git blame': %s"
+
+#: gitk:3628 gitk:6419
+msgid "Searching"
+msgstr "Procurando"
+
+#: gitk:3660
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error running git blame: %s"
+msgstr "Erro ao executar 'git blame': %s"
+
+#: gitk:3688
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "That line comes from commit %s,  which is not in this view"
+msgstr "Esta linha vem da revisão %s, que não está nesta vista"
+
+#: gitk:3702
+msgid "External diff viewer failed:"
+msgstr "Erro do visualizador de alterações externo:"
+
+#: gitk:3820
+msgid "Gitk view definition"
+msgstr "Definir vista"
+
+#: gitk:3824
+msgid "Remember this view"
+msgstr "Lembrar esta vista"
+
+#: gitk:3825
+msgid "References (space separated list):"
+msgstr "Referências (separar a lista com um espaço):"
+
+#: gitk:3826
+msgid "Branches & tags:"
+msgstr "Ramos & etiquetas:"
+
+#: gitk:3827
+msgid "All refs"
+msgstr "Todas as referências"
+
+#: gitk:3828
+msgid "All (local) branches"
+msgstr "Todos os ramos locais"
+
+#: gitk:3829
+msgid "All tags"
+msgstr "Todas as etiquetas"
+
+#: gitk:3830
+msgid "All remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "Todos os ramos de rastreio"
+
+#: gitk:3831
+msgid "Commit Info (regular expressions):"
+msgstr "Informações da revisão (expressões regulares):"
+
+#: gitk:3832
+msgid "Author:"
+msgstr "Autor:"
+
+#: gitk:3833
+msgid "Committer:"
+msgstr "Revisor:"
+
+#: gitk:3834
+msgid "Commit Message:"
+msgstr "Descrição da revisão:"
+
+#: gitk:3835
+msgid "Matches all Commit Info criteria"
+msgstr "Coincidir todos os critérios de informações da revisão"
+
+#: gitk:3836
+msgid "Changes to Files:"
+msgstr "Mudanças para os arquivos:"
+
+#: gitk:3837
+msgid "Fixed String"
+msgstr "Texto fixo"
+
+#: gitk:3838
+msgid "Regular Expression"
+msgstr "Expressão regular"
+
+#: gitk:3839
+msgid "Search string:"
+msgstr "Texto de busca"
+
+#: gitk:3840
+msgid ""
+"Commit Dates (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 "
+"15:27:38\"):"
+msgstr ""
+"Datas de revisão (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 "
+"15:27:38\"):"
+
+#: gitk:3841
+msgid "Since:"
+msgstr "Desde:"
+
+#: gitk:3842
+msgid "Until:"
+msgstr "Até:"
+
+#: gitk:3843
+msgid "Limit and/or skip a number of revisions (positive integer):"
+msgstr "Limitar e/ou ignorar um número de revisões (inteiro positivo):"
+
+#: gitk:3844
+msgid "Number to show:"
+msgstr "Número para mostrar:"
+
+#: gitk:3845
+msgid "Number to skip:"
+msgstr "Número para ignorar:"
+
+#: gitk:3846
+msgid "Miscellaneous options:"
+msgstr "Opções diversas:"
+
+#: gitk:3847
+msgid "Strictly sort by date"
+msgstr "Ordenar estritamente pela data"
+
+#: gitk:3848
+msgid "Mark branch sides"
+msgstr "Marcar os dois lados do ramo"
+
+#: gitk:3849
+msgid "Limit to first parent"
+msgstr "Limitar ao primeiro antecessor"
+
+#: gitk:3850
+msgid "Simple history"
+msgstr "Histórico simplificado"
+
+#: gitk:3851
+msgid "Additional arguments to git log:"
+msgstr "Argumentos adicionais para o 'git log':"
+
+#: gitk:3852
+msgid "Enter files and directories to include, one per line:"
+msgstr "Arquivos e diretórios para incluir, um por linha"
+
+#: gitk:3853
+msgid "Command to generate more commits to include:"
+msgstr "Comando para gerar mais revisões para incluir:"
+
+#: gitk:3977
+msgid "Gitk: edit view"
+msgstr "Gitk: editar vista"
+
+#: gitk:3985
+msgid "-- criteria for selecting revisions"
+msgstr "-- critérios para selecionar revisões"
+
+#: gitk:3990
+msgid "View Name"
+msgstr "Nome da vista"
+
+#: gitk:4065
+msgid "Apply (F5)"
+msgstr "Aplicar (F5)"
+
+#: gitk:4103
+msgid "Error in commit selection arguments:"
+msgstr "Erro nos argumentos de seleção de revisões:"
+
+#: gitk:4156 gitk:4208 gitk:4656 gitk:4670 gitk:5931 gitk:11551 gitk:11552
+msgid "None"
+msgstr "Nenhum"
+
+#: gitk:4604 gitk:6451 gitk:8309 gitk:8324
+msgid "Date"
+msgstr "Data"
+
+#: gitk:4604 gitk:6451
+msgid "CDate"
+msgstr "DataR"
+
+#: gitk:4753 gitk:4758
+msgid "Descendant"
+msgstr "Descendente de"
+
+#: gitk:4754
+msgid "Not descendant"
+msgstr "Não descendente de"
+
+#: gitk:4761 gitk:4766
+msgid "Ancestor"
+msgstr "Antecessor de"
+
+#: gitk:4762
+msgid "Not ancestor"
+msgstr "Não antecessor de"
+
+#: gitk:5052
+msgid "Local changes checked in to index but not committed"
+msgstr "Mudanças locais marcadas, porém não salvas"
+
+#: gitk:5088
+msgid "Local uncommitted changes, not checked in to index"
+msgstr "Mudanças locais não marcadas"
+
+#: gitk:6769
+msgid "many"
+msgstr "muitas"
+
+#: gitk:6952
+msgid "Tags:"
+msgstr "Etiquetas:"
+
+#: gitk:6969 gitk:6975 gitk:8302
+msgid "Parent"
+msgstr "Antecessor"
+
+#: gitk:6980
+msgid "Child"
+msgstr "Descendente"
+
+#: gitk:6989
+msgid "Branch"
+msgstr "Ramo"
+
+#: gitk:6992
+msgid "Follows"
+msgstr "Segue"
+
+#: gitk:6995
+msgid "Precedes"
+msgstr "Precede"
+
+#: gitk:7532
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error getting diffs: %s"
+msgstr "Erro ao obter diferenças: %s"
+
+#: gitk:8130
+msgid "Goto:"
+msgstr "Ir para:"
+
+#: gitk:8151
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Short SHA1 id %s is ambiguous"
+msgstr "O id SHA1 %s é ambíguo"
+
+#: gitk:8158
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Revision %s is not known"
+msgstr "Revisão %s desconhecida"
+
+#: gitk:8168
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "SHA1 id %s is not known"
+msgstr "Id SHA1 %s desconhecido"
+
+#: gitk:8170
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Revision %s is not in the current view"
+msgstr "A revisão %s não está na vista atual"
+
+#: gitk:8312
+msgid "Children"
+msgstr "Descendentes"
+
+#: gitk:8370
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Reset %s branch to here"
+msgstr "Redefinir ramo %s para este ponto"
+
+#: gitk:8372
+msgid "Detached head: can't reset"
+msgstr "Detached head: impossível redefinir"
+
+#: gitk:8481 gitk:8487
+msgid "Skipping merge commit "
+msgstr "Saltando revisão de mesclagem"
+
+#: gitk:8496 gitk:8501
+msgid "Error getting patch ID for "
+msgstr "Erro ao obter patch ID para"
+
+#: gitk:8497 gitk:8502
+msgid " - stopping\n"
+msgstr "- parando\n"
+
+#: gitk:8507 gitk:8510 gitk:8518 gitk:8532 gitk:8541
+msgid "Commit "
+msgstr "Revisão"
+
+#: gitk:8511
+msgid ""
+" is the same patch as\n"
+"       "
+msgstr ""
+"é o mesmo patch que\n"
+"       "
+
+#: gitk:8519
+msgid ""
+" differs from\n"
+"       "
+msgstr "difere de"
+
+#: gitk:8521
+msgid ""
+"Diff of commits:\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Diferença de revisões:\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: gitk:8533 gitk:8542
+#, tcl-format
+msgid " has %s children - stopping\n"
+msgstr "possui %s descendentes - parando\n"
+
+#: gitk:8561
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error writing commit to file: %s"
+msgstr "Erro ao salvar revisão para o arquivo: %s"
+
+#: gitk:8567
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error diffing commits: %s"
+msgstr "Erro ao comparar revisões: %s"
+
+#: gitk:8598
+msgid "Top"
+msgstr "Início"
+
+#: gitk:8599
+msgid "From"
+msgstr "De"
+
+#: gitk:8604
+msgid "To"
+msgstr "Para"
+
+#: gitk:8628
+msgid "Generate patch"
+msgstr "Gerar patch"
+
+#: gitk:8630
+msgid "From:"
+msgstr "De:"
+
+#: gitk:8639
+msgid "To:"
+msgstr "Para:"
+
+#: gitk:8648
+msgid "Reverse"
+msgstr "Inverter"
+
+#: gitk:8650 gitk:8845
+msgid "Output file:"
+msgstr "Arquivo de saída:"
+
+#: gitk:8656
+msgid "Generate"
+msgstr "Gerar"
+
+#: gitk:8694
+msgid "Error creating patch:"
+msgstr "Erro ao criar patch:"
+
+#: gitk:8717 gitk:8833 gitk:8890
+msgid "ID:"
+msgstr "ID:"
+
+#: gitk:8726
+msgid "Tag name:"
+msgstr "Nome da etiqueta:"
+
+#: gitk:8729
+msgid "Tag message is optional"
+msgstr "A descrição da etiqueta é opcional"
+
+#: gitk:8731
+msgid "Tag message:"
+msgstr "Descrição da etiqueta"
+
+#: gitk:8735 gitk:8899
+msgid "Create"
+msgstr "Criar"
+
+#: gitk:8753
+msgid "No tag name specified"
+msgstr "Nome da etiqueta não indicado"
+
+#: gitk:8757
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Tag \"%s\" already exists"
+msgstr "Etiqueta \"%s\" já existe"
+
+#: gitk:8767
+msgid "Error creating tag:"
+msgstr "Erro ao criar etiqueta:"
+
+#: gitk:8842
+msgid "Command:"
+msgstr "Comando:"
+
+#: gitk:8850
+msgid "Write"
+msgstr "Exportar"
+
+#: gitk:8868
+msgid "Error writing commit:"
+msgstr "Erro ao exportar revisão"
+
+#: gitk:8895
+msgid "Name:"
+msgstr "Nome:"
+
+#: gitk:8918
+msgid "Please specify a name for the new branch"
+msgstr "Indique um nome para o novo ramo"
+
+#: gitk:8923
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Branch '%s' already exists. Overwrite?"
+msgstr "O ramo \"%s\" já existe. Sobrescrever?"
+
+#: gitk:8989
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Commit %s is already included in branch %s -- really re-apply it?"
+msgstr "Revisão %s já inclusa no ramo %s -- você realmente deseja reaplicá-la?"
+
+#: gitk:8994
+msgid "Cherry-picking"
+msgstr "Cherry-picking"
+
+#: gitk:9003
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Cherry-pick failed because of local changes to file '%s'.\n"
+"Please commit, reset or stash your changes and try again."
+msgstr ""
+"O cherry-pick falhou porque o arquivo \"%s\" possui mudanças locais.\n"
+"Salve a uma revisão, redefina ou armazene (stash) suas mudanças e tente "
+"novamente."
+
+#: gitk:9009
+msgid ""
+"Cherry-pick failed because of merge conflict.\n"
+"Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
+msgstr ""
+"O cherry-pick falhou porque houve um conflito na mesclagem.\n"
+"Executar o 'git citool' para resolvê-lo?"
+
+#: gitk:9025
+msgid "No changes committed"
+msgstr "Nenhuma revisão foi salva"
+
+#: gitk:9051
+msgid "Confirm reset"
+msgstr "Confirmar redefinição"
+
+#: gitk:9053
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Reset branch %s to %s?"
+msgstr "Você realmente deseja redefinir o ramo %s para %s?"
+
+#: gitk:9055
+msgid "Reset type:"
+msgstr "Tipo de redefinição"
+
+#: gitk:9058
+msgid "Soft: Leave working tree and index untouched"
+msgstr "Soft: deixa a árvore de trabalho e o índice intocados"
+
+#: gitk:9061
+msgid "Mixed: Leave working tree untouched, reset index"
+msgstr "Misto: Deixa a árvore de trabalho intocada, redefine o índice"
+
+#: gitk:9064
+msgid ""
+"Hard: Reset working tree and index\n"
+"(discard ALL local changes)"
+msgstr ""
+"Hard: Redefine a árvore de trabalho e o índice\n"
+"(descarta TODAS as mudanças locais)"
+
+#: gitk:9081
+msgid "Resetting"
+msgstr "Redefinindo"
+
+#: gitk:9141
+msgid "Checking out"
+msgstr "Abrindo"
+
+#: gitk:9194
+msgid "Cannot delete the currently checked-out branch"
+msgstr "Impossível excluir o ramo atualmente aberto"
+
+#: gitk:9200
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"The commits on branch %s aren't on any other branch.\n"
+"Really delete branch %s?"
+msgstr ""
+"As revisões do ramo \"%s\" não existem em nenhum outro ramo.\n"
+"Você realmente deseja excluir ramo \"%s\"?"
+
+#: gitk:9231
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Tags and heads: %s"
+msgstr "Referências: %s"
+
+#: gitk:9246
+msgid "Filter"
+msgstr "Filtro"
+
+#: gitk:9541
+msgid ""
+"Error reading commit topology information; branch and preceding/following "
+"tag information will be incomplete."
+msgstr ""
+"Erro ao ler a topologia das revisões; as informações dos ramos e etiquetas "
+"antecessoras/sucessoras estarão incompletas"
+
+#: gitk:10527
+msgid "Tag"
+msgstr "Etiqueta"
+
+#: gitk:10527
+msgid "Id"
+msgstr "Id"
+
+#: gitk:10576
+msgid "Gitk font chooser"
+msgstr "Selecionar fontes do Gitk"
+
+#: gitk:10593
+msgid "B"
+msgstr "B"
+
+#: gitk:10596
+msgid "I"
+msgstr "I"
+
+#: gitk:10714
+msgid "Gitk preferences"
+msgstr "Preferências do Gitk"
+
+#: gitk:10716
+msgid "Commit list display options"
+msgstr "Opções da lista de revisões"
+
+#: gitk:10719
+msgid "Maximum graph width (lines)"
+msgstr "Largura máxima do grafo (linhas)"
+
+#: gitk:10722
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Maximum graph width (% of pane)"
+msgstr "Largura máxima do grafo (% do painel)"
+
+#: gitk:10725
+msgid "Show local changes"
+msgstr "Exibir mudanças locais"
+
+#: gitk:10728
+msgid "Auto-select SHA1"
+msgstr "Selecionar o SHA1 automaticamente"
+
+#: gitk:10731
+msgid "Hide remote refs"
+msgstr "Ocultar referências remotas"
+
+#: gitk:10735
+msgid "Diff display options"
+msgstr "Opções de exibição das alterações"
+
+#: gitk:10737
+msgid "Tab spacing"
+msgstr "Espaços por tabulação"
+
+#: gitk:10740
+msgid "Display nearby tags"
+msgstr "Exibir etiquetas próximas"
+
+#: gitk:10743
+msgid "Limit diffs to listed paths"
+msgstr "Limitar diferenças aos caminhos listados"
+
+#: gitk:10746
+msgid "Support per-file encodings"
+msgstr "Usar codificações distintas por arquivo"
+
+#: gitk:10752 gitk:10832
+msgid "External diff tool"
+msgstr "Ferramenta 'diff' externa"
+
+#: gitk:10753
+msgid "Choose..."
+msgstr "Selecionar..."
+
+#: gitk:10758
+msgid "General options"
+msgstr "Opções gerais"
+
+#: gitk:10761
+msgid "Use themed widgets"
+msgstr "Usar temas para as janelas"
+
+#: gitk:10763
+msgid "(change requires restart)"
+msgstr "(exige reinicialização)"
+
+#: gitk:10765
+msgid "(currently unavailable)"
+msgstr "(atualmente indisponível)"
+
+#: gitk:10769
+msgid "Colors: press to choose"
+msgstr "Cores: clique para escolher"
+
+#: gitk:10772
+msgid "Interface"
+msgstr "Interface"
+
+#: gitk:10773
+msgid "interface"
+msgstr "interface"
+
+#: gitk:10776
+msgid "Background"
+msgstr "Segundo plano"
+
+#: gitk:10777 gitk:10807
+msgid "background"
+msgstr "segundo plano"
+
+#: gitk:10780
+msgid "Foreground"
+msgstr "Primeiro plano"
+
+#: gitk:10781
+msgid "foreground"
+msgstr "primeiro plano"
+
+#: gitk:10784
+msgid "Diff: old lines"
+msgstr "Diff: linhas excluídas"
+
+#: gitk:10785
+msgid "diff old lines"
+msgstr "linhas excluídas"
+
+#: gitk:10789
+msgid "Diff: new lines"
+msgstr "Diff: linhas adicionadas"
+
+#: gitk:10790
+msgid "diff new lines"
+msgstr "linhas adicionadas"
+
+#: gitk:10794
+msgid "Diff: hunk header"
+msgstr "Diff: cabeçalho do bloco"
+
+#: gitk:10796
+msgid "diff hunk header"
+msgstr "cabeçalho do bloco"
+
+#: gitk:10800
+msgid "Marked line bg"
+msgstr "2º plano da linha marcada"
+
+#: gitk:10802
+msgid "marked line background"
+msgstr "segundo plano da linha marcada"
+
+#: gitk:10806
+msgid "Select bg"
+msgstr "2º plano da seleção"
+
+#: gitk:10810
+msgid "Fonts: press to choose"
+msgstr "Fontes: clique para escolher"
+
+#: gitk:10812
+msgid "Main font"
+msgstr "Fonte principal"
+
+#: gitk:10813
+msgid "Diff display font"
+msgstr "Fonte da lista de mudanças"
+
+#: gitk:10814
+msgid "User interface font"
+msgstr "Fonte da interface"
+
+#: gitk:10842
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Gitk: choose color for %s"
+msgstr "Gitk: selecionar cor para %s"
+
+#: gitk:11445
+msgid "Cannot find a git repository here."
+msgstr "Não há nenhum repositório git aqui."
+
+#: gitk:11449
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Cannot find the git directory \"%s\"."
+msgstr "Impossível encontrar o diretório git \"%s\"."
+
+#: gitk:11496
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Ambiguous argument '%s': both revision and filename"
+msgstr ""
+"O argumento \"%s\" é ambíguo (especifica tanto uma revisão e um nome de "
+"arquivo)"
+
+#: gitk:11508
+msgid "Bad arguments to gitk:"
+msgstr "Argumentos incorretos para o gitk:"
+
+#: gitk:11604
+msgid "Command line"
+msgstr "Linha de comando"
diff --git a/gitk-git/po/sv.po b/gitk-git/po/sv.po
index 386763a..2f07a2e 100644
--- a/gitk-git/po/sv.po
+++ b/gitk-git/po/sv.po
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # Swedish translation for gitk
-# Copyright (C) 2005-2009 Paul Mackerras
+# Copyright (C) 2005-2010 Paul Mackerras
 # This file is distributed under the same license as the gitk package.
 #
 # Peter Krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se>, 2008-2010.
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: sv\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2010-01-28 13:16+0100\n"
-"PO-Revision-Date: 2010-01-28 13:48+0100\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2010-09-12 21:14+0100\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2010-09-12 21:16+0100\n"
 "Last-Translator: Peter Krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se>\n"
 "Language-Team: Swedish <tp-sv@listor.tp-sv.se>\n"
 "MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
@@ -24,17 +24,17 @@
 msgid "Error parsing revisions:"
 msgstr "Fel vid tolkning av revisioner:"
 
-#: gitk:329
+#: gitk:330
 msgid "Error executing --argscmd command:"
 msgstr "Fel vid körning av --argscmd-kommando:"
 
-#: gitk:342
+#: gitk:343
 msgid "No files selected: --merge specified but no files are unmerged."
 msgstr ""
 "Inga filer valdes: --merge angavs men det finns inga filer som inte har "
 "slagits samman."
 
-#: gitk:345
+#: gitk:346
 msgid ""
 "No files selected: --merge specified but no unmerged files are within file "
 "limit."
@@ -42,600 +42,605 @@
 "Inga filer valdes: --merge angavs men det finns inga filer inom "
 "filbegränsningen."
 
-#: gitk:367 gitk:514
+#: gitk:368 gitk:516
 msgid "Error executing git log:"
 msgstr "Fel vid körning av git log:"
 
-#: gitk:385 gitk:530
+#: gitk:386 gitk:532
 msgid "Reading"
 msgstr "Läser"
 
-#: gitk:445 gitk:4261
+#: gitk:446 gitk:4271
 msgid "Reading commits..."
 msgstr "Läser incheckningar..."
 
-#: gitk:448 gitk:1578 gitk:4264
+#: gitk:449 gitk:1580 gitk:4274
 msgid "No commits selected"
 msgstr "Inga incheckningar markerade"
 
-#: gitk:1454
+#: gitk:1456
 msgid "Can't parse git log output:"
 msgstr "Kan inte tolka utdata från git log:"
 
-#: gitk:1674
+#: gitk:1676
 msgid "No commit information available"
 msgstr "Ingen incheckningsinformation är tillgänglig"
 
-#: gitk:1816
+#: gitk:1818
 msgid "mc"
 msgstr "mc"
 
-#: gitk:1851 gitk:4054 gitk:9044 gitk:10585 gitk:10804
+#: gitk:1853 gitk:4064 gitk:9067 gitk:10607 gitk:10817
 msgid "OK"
 msgstr "OK"
 
-#: gitk:1853 gitk:4056 gitk:8634 gitk:8713 gitk:8828 gitk:8877 gitk:9046
-#: gitk:10586 gitk:10805
+#: gitk:1855 gitk:4066 gitk:8657 gitk:8736 gitk:8851 gitk:8900 gitk:9069
+#: gitk:10608 gitk:10818
 msgid "Cancel"
 msgstr "Avbryt"
 
-#: gitk:1975
+#: gitk:1980
 msgid "Update"
 msgstr "Uppdatera"
 
-#: gitk:1976
+#: gitk:1981
 msgid "Reload"
 msgstr "Ladda om"
 
-#: gitk:1977
+#: gitk:1982
 msgid "Reread references"
 msgstr "Läs om referenser"
 
-#: gitk:1978
+#: gitk:1983
 msgid "List references"
 msgstr "Visa referenser"
 
-#: gitk:1980
+#: gitk:1985
 msgid "Start git gui"
 msgstr "Starta git gui"
 
-#: gitk:1982
+#: gitk:1987
 msgid "Quit"
 msgstr "Avsluta"
 
-#: gitk:1974
+#: gitk:1979
 msgid "File"
 msgstr "Arkiv"
 
-#: gitk:1986
+#: gitk:1991
 msgid "Preferences"
 msgstr "Inställningar"
 
-#: gitk:1985
+#: gitk:1990
 msgid "Edit"
 msgstr "Redigera"
 
-#: gitk:1990
+#: gitk:1995
 msgid "New view..."
 msgstr "Ny vy..."
 
-#: gitk:1991
+#: gitk:1996
 msgid "Edit view..."
 msgstr "Ändra vy..."
 
-#: gitk:1992
+#: gitk:1997
 msgid "Delete view"
 msgstr "Ta bort vy"
 
-#: gitk:1994
+#: gitk:1999
 msgid "All files"
 msgstr "Alla filer"
 
-#: gitk:1989 gitk:3808
+#: gitk:1994 gitk:3817
 msgid "View"
 msgstr "Visa"
 
-#: gitk:1999 gitk:2009 gitk:2780
+#: gitk:2004 gitk:2014 gitk:2787
 msgid "About gitk"
 msgstr "Om gitk"
 
-#: gitk:2000 gitk:2014
+#: gitk:2005 gitk:2019
 msgid "Key bindings"
 msgstr "Tangentbordsbindningar"
 
-#: gitk:1998 gitk:2013
+#: gitk:2003 gitk:2018
 msgid "Help"
 msgstr "Hjälp"
 
-#: gitk:2091 gitk:8110
+#: gitk:2096 gitk:8132
 msgid "SHA1 ID:"
 msgstr "SHA1-id:"
 
-#: gitk:2122
+#: gitk:2127
 msgid "Row"
 msgstr "Rad"
 
-#: gitk:2160
+#: gitk:2165
 msgid "Find"
 msgstr "Sök"
 
-#: gitk:2161
+#: gitk:2166
 msgid "next"
 msgstr "nästa"
 
-#: gitk:2162
+#: gitk:2167
 msgid "prev"
 msgstr "föreg"
 
-#: gitk:2163
+#: gitk:2168
 msgid "commit"
 msgstr "incheckning"
 
-#: gitk:2166 gitk:2168 gitk:4422 gitk:4445 gitk:4469 gitk:6410 gitk:6482
-#: gitk:6566
+#: gitk:2171 gitk:2173 gitk:4432 gitk:4455 gitk:4479 gitk:6420 gitk:6492
+#: gitk:6576
 msgid "containing:"
 msgstr "som innehåller:"
 
-#: gitk:2169 gitk:3290 gitk:3295 gitk:4497
+#: gitk:2174 gitk:3298 gitk:3303 gitk:4507
 msgid "touching paths:"
 msgstr "som rör sökväg:"
 
-#: gitk:2170 gitk:4502
+#: gitk:2175 gitk:4512
 msgid "adding/removing string:"
 msgstr "som lägger/till tar bort sträng:"
 
-#: gitk:2179 gitk:2181
+#: gitk:2184 gitk:2186
 msgid "Exact"
 msgstr "Exakt"
 
-#: gitk:2181 gitk:4577 gitk:6378
+#: gitk:2186 gitk:4587 gitk:6388
 msgid "IgnCase"
 msgstr "IgnVersaler"
 
-#: gitk:2181 gitk:4471 gitk:4575 gitk:6374
+#: gitk:2186 gitk:4481 gitk:4585 gitk:6384
 msgid "Regexp"
 msgstr "Reg.uttr."
 
-#: gitk:2183 gitk:2184 gitk:4596 gitk:4626 gitk:4633 gitk:6502 gitk:6570
+#: gitk:2188 gitk:2189 gitk:4606 gitk:4636 gitk:4643 gitk:6512 gitk:6580
 msgid "All fields"
 msgstr "Alla fält"
 
-#: gitk:2184 gitk:4594 gitk:4626 gitk:6441
+#: gitk:2189 gitk:4604 gitk:4636 gitk:6451
 msgid "Headline"
 msgstr "Rubrik"
 
-#: gitk:2185 gitk:4594 gitk:6441 gitk:6570 gitk:7003
+#: gitk:2190 gitk:4604 gitk:6451 gitk:6580 gitk:7013
 msgid "Comments"
 msgstr "Kommentarer"
 
-#: gitk:2185 gitk:4594 gitk:4598 gitk:4633 gitk:6441 gitk:6938 gitk:8285
-#: gitk:8300
+#: gitk:2190 gitk:4604 gitk:4608 gitk:4643 gitk:6451 gitk:6948 gitk:8307
+#: gitk:8322
 msgid "Author"
 msgstr "Författare"
 
-#: gitk:2185 gitk:4594 gitk:6441 gitk:6940
+#: gitk:2190 gitk:4604 gitk:6451 gitk:6950
 msgid "Committer"
 msgstr "Incheckare"
 
-#: gitk:2216
+#: gitk:2221
 msgid "Search"
 msgstr "Sök"
 
-#: gitk:2224
+#: gitk:2229
 msgid "Diff"
 msgstr "Diff"
 
-#: gitk:2226
+#: gitk:2231
 msgid "Old version"
 msgstr "Gammal version"
 
-#: gitk:2228
+#: gitk:2233
 msgid "New version"
 msgstr "Ny version"
 
-#: gitk:2230
+#: gitk:2235
 msgid "Lines of context"
 msgstr "Rader sammanhang"
 
-#: gitk:2240
+#: gitk:2245
 msgid "Ignore space change"
 msgstr "Ignorera ändringar i blanksteg"
 
-#: gitk:2299
+#: gitk:2304
 msgid "Patch"
 msgstr "Patch"
 
-#: gitk:2301
+#: gitk:2306
 msgid "Tree"
 msgstr "Träd"
 
-#: gitk:2456 gitk:2473
+#: gitk:2463 gitk:2480
 msgid "Diff this -> selected"
 msgstr "Diff denna -> markerad"
 
-#: gitk:2457 gitk:2474
+#: gitk:2464 gitk:2481
 msgid "Diff selected -> this"
 msgstr "Diff markerad -> denna"
 
-#: gitk:2458 gitk:2475
+#: gitk:2465 gitk:2482
 msgid "Make patch"
 msgstr "Skapa patch"
 
-#: gitk:2459 gitk:8692
+#: gitk:2466 gitk:8715
 msgid "Create tag"
 msgstr "Skapa tagg"
 
-#: gitk:2460 gitk:8808
+#: gitk:2467 gitk:8831
 msgid "Write commit to file"
 msgstr "Skriv incheckning till fil"
 
-#: gitk:2461 gitk:8865
+#: gitk:2468 gitk:8888
 msgid "Create new branch"
 msgstr "Skapa ny gren"
 
-#: gitk:2462
+#: gitk:2469
 msgid "Cherry-pick this commit"
 msgstr "Plocka denna incheckning"
 
-#: gitk:2463
+#: gitk:2470
 msgid "Reset HEAD branch to here"
 msgstr "Återställ HEAD-grenen hit"
 
-#: gitk:2464
+#: gitk:2471
 msgid "Mark this commit"
 msgstr "Markera denna incheckning"
 
-#: gitk:2465
+#: gitk:2472
 msgid "Return to mark"
 msgstr "Återgå till markering"
 
-#: gitk:2466
+#: gitk:2473
 msgid "Find descendant of this and mark"
 msgstr "Hitta efterföljare till denna och markera"
 
-#: gitk:2467
+#: gitk:2474
 msgid "Compare with marked commit"
 msgstr "Jämför med markerad incheckning"
 
-#: gitk:2481
+#: gitk:2488
 msgid "Check out this branch"
 msgstr "Checka ut denna gren"
 
-#: gitk:2482
+#: gitk:2489
 msgid "Remove this branch"
 msgstr "Ta bort denna gren"
 
-#: gitk:2489
+#: gitk:2496
 msgid "Highlight this too"
 msgstr "Markera även detta"
 
-#: gitk:2490
+#: gitk:2497
 msgid "Highlight this only"
 msgstr "Markera bara detta"
 
-#: gitk:2491
+#: gitk:2498
 msgid "External diff"
 msgstr "Extern diff"
 
-#: gitk:2492
+#: gitk:2499
 msgid "Blame parent commit"
 msgstr "Klandra föräldraincheckning"
 
-#: gitk:2499
+#: gitk:2506
 msgid "Show origin of this line"
 msgstr "Visa ursprunget för den här raden"
 
-#: gitk:2500
+#: gitk:2507
 msgid "Run git gui blame on this line"
 msgstr "Kör git gui blame på den här raden"
 
-#: gitk:2782
+#: gitk:2789
 msgid ""
 "\n"
 "Gitk - a commit viewer for git\n"
 "\n"
-"Copyright \\u00a9 2005-2010 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"Copyright ©9 2005-2010 Paul Mackerras\n"
 "\n"
 "Use and redistribute under the terms of the GNU General Public License"
 msgstr ""
 "\n"
 "Gitk - en incheckningsvisare för git\n"
 "\n"
-"Copyright \\u00a9 2005-2010 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"Copyright ©9 2005-2010 Paul Mackerras\n"
 "\n"
 "Använd och vidareförmedla enligt villkoren i GNU General Public License"
 
-#: gitk:2790 gitk:2854 gitk:9230
+#: gitk:2797 gitk:2862 gitk:9253
 msgid "Close"
 msgstr "Stäng"
 
-#: gitk:2811
+#: gitk:2818
 msgid "Gitk key bindings"
 msgstr "Tangentbordsbindningar för Gitk"
 
-#: gitk:2814
+#: gitk:2821
 msgid "Gitk key bindings:"
 msgstr "Tangentbordsbindningar för Gitk:"
 
-#: gitk:2816
+#: gitk:2823
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Q>\t\tQuit"
 msgstr "<%s-Q>\t\tAvsluta"
 
-#: gitk:2817
+#: gitk:2824
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-W>\t\tClose window"
+msgstr "<%s-W>\t\tStäng fönster"
+
+#: gitk:2825
 msgid "<Home>\t\tMove to first commit"
 msgstr "<Home>\t\tGå till första incheckning"
 
-#: gitk:2818
+#: gitk:2826
 msgid "<End>\t\tMove to last commit"
 msgstr "<End>\t\tGå till sista incheckning"
 
-#: gitk:2819
+#: gitk:2827
 msgid "<Up>, p, i\tMove up one commit"
 msgstr "<Upp>, p, i\tGå en incheckning upp"
 
-#: gitk:2820
+#: gitk:2828
 msgid "<Down>, n, k\tMove down one commit"
 msgstr "<Ned>, n, k\tGå en incheckning ned"
 
-#: gitk:2821
+#: gitk:2829
 msgid "<Left>, z, j\tGo back in history list"
 msgstr "<Vänster>, z, j\tGå bakåt i historiken"
 
-#: gitk:2822
+#: gitk:2830
 msgid "<Right>, x, l\tGo forward in history list"
 msgstr "<Höger>, x, l\tGå framåt i historiken"
 
-#: gitk:2823
+#: gitk:2831
 msgid "<PageUp>\tMove up one page in commit list"
 msgstr "<PageUp>\tGå upp en sida i incheckningslistan"
 
-#: gitk:2824
+#: gitk:2832
 msgid "<PageDown>\tMove down one page in commit list"
 msgstr "<PageDown>\tGå ned en sida i incheckningslistan"
 
-#: gitk:2825
+#: gitk:2833
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Home>\tScroll to top of commit list"
 msgstr "<%s-Home>\tRulla till början av incheckningslistan"
 
-#: gitk:2826
+#: gitk:2834
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-End>\tScroll to bottom of commit list"
 msgstr "<%s-End>\tRulla till slutet av incheckningslistan"
 
-#: gitk:2827
+#: gitk:2835
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Up>\tScroll commit list up one line"
 msgstr "<%s-Upp>\tRulla incheckningslistan upp ett steg"
 
-#: gitk:2828
+#: gitk:2836
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Down>\tScroll commit list down one line"
 msgstr "<%s-Ned>\tRulla incheckningslistan ned ett steg"
 
-#: gitk:2829
+#: gitk:2837
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-PageUp>\tScroll commit list up one page"
 msgstr "<%s-PageUp>\tRulla incheckningslistan upp en sida"
 
-#: gitk:2830
+#: gitk:2838
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-PageDown>\tScroll commit list down one page"
 msgstr "<%s-PageDown>\tRulla incheckningslistan ned en sida"
 
-#: gitk:2831
+#: gitk:2839
 msgid "<Shift-Up>\tFind backwards (upwards, later commits)"
 msgstr "<Skift-Upp>\tSök bakåt (uppåt, senare incheckningar)"
 
-#: gitk:2832
+#: gitk:2840
 msgid "<Shift-Down>\tFind forwards (downwards, earlier commits)"
 msgstr "<Skift-Ned>\tSök framåt (nedåt, tidigare incheckningar)"
 
-#: gitk:2833
+#: gitk:2841
 msgid "<Delete>, b\tScroll diff view up one page"
 msgstr "<Delete>, b\tRulla diffvisningen upp en sida"
 
-#: gitk:2834
+#: gitk:2842
 msgid "<Backspace>\tScroll diff view up one page"
 msgstr "<Baksteg>\tRulla diffvisningen upp en sida"
 
-#: gitk:2835
+#: gitk:2843
 msgid "<Space>\t\tScroll diff view down one page"
 msgstr "<Blanksteg>\tRulla diffvisningen ned en sida"
 
-#: gitk:2836
+#: gitk:2844
 msgid "u\t\tScroll diff view up 18 lines"
 msgstr "u\t\tRulla diffvisningen upp 18 rader"
 
-#: gitk:2837
+#: gitk:2845
 msgid "d\t\tScroll diff view down 18 lines"
 msgstr "d\t\tRulla diffvisningen ned 18 rader"
 
-#: gitk:2838
+#: gitk:2846
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-F>\t\tFind"
 msgstr "<%s-F>\t\tSök"
 
-#: gitk:2839
+#: gitk:2847
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-G>\t\tMove to next find hit"
 msgstr "<%s-G>\t\tGå till nästa sökträff"
 
-#: gitk:2840
+#: gitk:2848
 msgid "<Return>\tMove to next find hit"
 msgstr "<Return>\t\tGå till nästa sökträff"
 
-#: gitk:2841
+#: gitk:2849
 msgid "/\t\tFocus the search box"
 msgstr "/\t\tFokusera sökrutan"
 
-#: gitk:2842
+#: gitk:2850
 msgid "?\t\tMove to previous find hit"
 msgstr "?\t\tGå till föregående sökträff"
 
-#: gitk:2843
+#: gitk:2851
 msgid "f\t\tScroll diff view to next file"
 msgstr "f\t\tRulla diffvisningen till nästa fil"
 
-#: gitk:2844
+#: gitk:2852
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-S>\t\tSearch for next hit in diff view"
 msgstr "<%s-S>\t\tGå till nästa sökträff i diffvisningen"
 
-#: gitk:2845
+#: gitk:2853
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-R>\t\tSearch for previous hit in diff view"
 msgstr "<%s-R>\t\tGå till föregående sökträff i diffvisningen"
 
-#: gitk:2846
+#: gitk:2854
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-KP+>\tIncrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-Num+>\tÖka teckenstorlek"
 
-#: gitk:2847
+#: gitk:2855
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-plus>\tIncrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-plus>\tÖka teckenstorlek"
 
-#: gitk:2848
+#: gitk:2856
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-KP->\tDecrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-Num->\tMinska teckenstorlek"
 
-#: gitk:2849
+#: gitk:2857
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-minus>\tDecrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-minus>\tMinska teckenstorlek"
 
-#: gitk:2850
+#: gitk:2858
 msgid "<F5>\t\tUpdate"
 msgstr "<F5>\t\tUppdatera"
 
-#: gitk:3305 gitk:3314
+#: gitk:3313 gitk:3322
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error creating temporary directory %s:"
 msgstr "Fel vid skapande av temporär katalog %s:"
 
-#: gitk:3327
+#: gitk:3335
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error getting \"%s\" from %s:"
 msgstr "Fel vid hämtning av  \"%s\" från %s:"
 
-#: gitk:3390
+#: gitk:3398
 msgid "command failed:"
 msgstr "kommando misslyckades:"
 
-#: gitk:3539
+#: gitk:3547
 msgid "No such commit"
 msgstr "Incheckning saknas"
 
-#: gitk:3553
+#: gitk:3561
 msgid "git gui blame: command failed:"
 msgstr "git gui blame: kommando misslyckades:"
 
-#: gitk:3584
+#: gitk:3592
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Couldn't read merge head: %s"
 msgstr "Kunde inte läsa sammanslagningshuvud: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3592
+#: gitk:3600
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error reading index: %s"
 msgstr "Fel vid läsning av index: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3617
+#: gitk:3625
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Couldn't start git blame: %s"
 msgstr "Kunde inte starta git blame: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3620 gitk:6409
+#: gitk:3628 gitk:6419
 msgid "Searching"
 msgstr "Söker"
 
-#: gitk:3652
+#: gitk:3660
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error running git blame: %s"
 msgstr "Fel vid körning av git blame: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3680
+#: gitk:3688
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "That line comes from commit %s,  which is not in this view"
 msgstr "Raden kommer från incheckningen %s, som inte finns i denna vy"
 
-#: gitk:3694
+#: gitk:3702
 msgid "External diff viewer failed:"
 msgstr "Externt diff-verktyg misslyckades:"
 
-#: gitk:3812
+#: gitk:3820
 msgid "Gitk view definition"
 msgstr "Definition av Gitk-vy"
 
-#: gitk:3816
+#: gitk:3824
 msgid "Remember this view"
 msgstr "Spara denna vy"
 
-#: gitk:3817
+#: gitk:3825
 msgid "References (space separated list):"
 msgstr "Referenser (blankstegsavdelad lista):"
 
-#: gitk:3818
+#: gitk:3826
 msgid "Branches & tags:"
 msgstr "Grenar & taggar:"
 
-#: gitk:3819
+#: gitk:3827
 msgid "All refs"
 msgstr "Alla referenser"
 
-#: gitk:3820
+#: gitk:3828
 msgid "All (local) branches"
 msgstr "Alla (lokala) grenar"
 
-#: gitk:3821
+#: gitk:3829
 msgid "All tags"
 msgstr "Alla taggar"
 
-#: gitk:3822
+#: gitk:3830
 msgid "All remote-tracking branches"
 msgstr "Alla fjärrspårande grenar"
 
-#: gitk:3823
+#: gitk:3831
 msgid "Commit Info (regular expressions):"
 msgstr "Incheckningsinfo (reguljära uttryck):"
 
-#: gitk:3824
+#: gitk:3832
 msgid "Author:"
 msgstr "Författare:"
 
-#: gitk:3825
+#: gitk:3833
 msgid "Committer:"
 msgstr "Incheckare:"
 
-#: gitk:3826
+#: gitk:3834
 msgid "Commit Message:"
 msgstr "Incheckningsmeddelande:"
 
-#: gitk:3827
+#: gitk:3835
 msgid "Matches all Commit Info criteria"
 msgstr "Motsvarar alla kriterier för incheckningsinfo"
 
-#: gitk:3828
+#: gitk:3836
 msgid "Changes to Files:"
 msgstr "Ändringar av filer:"
 
-#: gitk:3829
+#: gitk:3837
 msgid "Fixed String"
 msgstr "Fast sträng"
 
-#: gitk:3830
+#: gitk:3838
 msgid "Regular Expression"
 msgstr "Reguljärt uttryck"
 
-#: gitk:3831
+#: gitk:3839
 msgid "Search string:"
 msgstr "Söksträng:"
 
-#: gitk:3832
+#: gitk:3840
 msgid ""
 "Commit Dates (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 "
 "15:27:38\"):"
@@ -643,201 +648,201 @@
 "Incheckingsdatum (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 "
 "15:27:38\"):"
 
-#: gitk:3833
+#: gitk:3841
 msgid "Since:"
 msgstr "Från:"
 
-#: gitk:3834
+#: gitk:3842
 msgid "Until:"
 msgstr "Till:"
 
-#: gitk:3835
+#: gitk:3843
 msgid "Limit and/or skip a number of revisions (positive integer):"
 msgstr "Begränsa och/eller hoppa över ett antal revisioner (positivt heltal):"
 
-#: gitk:3836
+#: gitk:3844
 msgid "Number to show:"
 msgstr "Antal att visa:"
 
-#: gitk:3837
+#: gitk:3845
 msgid "Number to skip:"
 msgstr "Antal att hoppa över:"
 
-#: gitk:3838
+#: gitk:3846
 msgid "Miscellaneous options:"
 msgstr "Diverse alternativ:"
 
-#: gitk:3839
+#: gitk:3847
 msgid "Strictly sort by date"
 msgstr "Strikt datumsortering"
 
-#: gitk:3840
+#: gitk:3848
 msgid "Mark branch sides"
 msgstr "Markera sidogrenar"
 
-#: gitk:3841
+#: gitk:3849
 msgid "Limit to first parent"
 msgstr "Begränsa till första förälder"
 
-#: gitk:3842
+#: gitk:3850
 msgid "Simple history"
 msgstr "Enkel historik"
 
-#: gitk:3843
+#: gitk:3851
 msgid "Additional arguments to git log:"
 msgstr "Ytterligare argument till git log:"
 
-#: gitk:3844
+#: gitk:3852
 msgid "Enter files and directories to include, one per line:"
 msgstr "Ange filer och kataloger att ta med, en per rad:"
 
-#: gitk:3845
+#: gitk:3853
 msgid "Command to generate more commits to include:"
 msgstr "Kommando för att generera fler incheckningar att ta med:"
 
-#: gitk:3967
+#: gitk:3977
 msgid "Gitk: edit view"
 msgstr "Gitk: redigera vy"
 
-#: gitk:3975
+#: gitk:3985
 msgid "-- criteria for selecting revisions"
 msgstr " - kriterier för val av revisioner"
 
-#: gitk:3980
+#: gitk:3990
 msgid "View Name"
 msgstr "Namn på vy"
 
-#: gitk:4055
+#: gitk:4065
 msgid "Apply (F5)"
 msgstr "Använd (F5)"
 
-#: gitk:4093
+#: gitk:4103
 msgid "Error in commit selection arguments:"
 msgstr "Fel i argument för val av incheckningar:"
 
-#: gitk:4146 gitk:4198 gitk:4646 gitk:4660 gitk:5921 gitk:11534 gitk:11535
+#: gitk:4156 gitk:4208 gitk:4656 gitk:4670 gitk:5931 gitk:11551 gitk:11552
 msgid "None"
 msgstr "Inget"
 
-#: gitk:4594 gitk:6441 gitk:8287 gitk:8302
+#: gitk:4604 gitk:6451 gitk:8309 gitk:8324
 msgid "Date"
 msgstr "Datum"
 
-#: gitk:4594 gitk:6441
+#: gitk:4604 gitk:6451
 msgid "CDate"
 msgstr "Skapat datum"
 
-#: gitk:4743 gitk:4748
+#: gitk:4753 gitk:4758
 msgid "Descendant"
 msgstr "Avkomling"
 
-#: gitk:4744
+#: gitk:4754
 msgid "Not descendant"
 msgstr "Inte avkomling"
 
-#: gitk:4751 gitk:4756
+#: gitk:4761 gitk:4766
 msgid "Ancestor"
 msgstr "Förfader"
 
-#: gitk:4752
+#: gitk:4762
 msgid "Not ancestor"
 msgstr "Inte förfader"
 
-#: gitk:5042
+#: gitk:5052
 msgid "Local changes checked in to index but not committed"
 msgstr "Lokala ändringar sparade i indexet men inte incheckade"
 
-#: gitk:5078
+#: gitk:5088
 msgid "Local uncommitted changes, not checked in to index"
 msgstr "Lokala ändringar, ej sparade i indexet"
 
-#: gitk:6759
+#: gitk:6769
 msgid "many"
 msgstr "många"
 
-#: gitk:6942
+#: gitk:6952
 msgid "Tags:"
 msgstr "Taggar:"
 
-#: gitk:6959 gitk:6965 gitk:8280
+#: gitk:6969 gitk:6975 gitk:8302
 msgid "Parent"
 msgstr "Förälder"
 
-#: gitk:6970
+#: gitk:6980
 msgid "Child"
 msgstr "Barn"
 
-#: gitk:6979
+#: gitk:6989
 msgid "Branch"
 msgstr "Gren"
 
-#: gitk:6982
+#: gitk:6992
 msgid "Follows"
 msgstr "Följer"
 
-#: gitk:6985
+#: gitk:6995
 msgid "Precedes"
 msgstr "Föregår"
 
-#: gitk:7522
+#: gitk:7532
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error getting diffs: %s"
 msgstr "Fel vid hämtning av diff: %s"
 
-#: gitk:8108
+#: gitk:8130
 msgid "Goto:"
 msgstr "Gå till:"
 
-#: gitk:8129
+#: gitk:8151
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Short SHA1 id %s is ambiguous"
 msgstr "Förkortat SHA1-id %s är tvetydigt"
 
-#: gitk:8136
+#: gitk:8158
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Revision %s is not known"
 msgstr "Revisionen %s är inte känd"
 
-#: gitk:8146
+#: gitk:8168
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "SHA1 id %s is not known"
 msgstr "SHA-id:t %s är inte känt"
 
-#: gitk:8148
+#: gitk:8170
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Revision %s is not in the current view"
 msgstr "Revisionen %s finns inte i den nuvarande vyn"
 
-#: gitk:8290
+#: gitk:8312
 msgid "Children"
 msgstr "Barn"
 
-#: gitk:8348
+#: gitk:8370
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Reset %s branch to here"
 msgstr "Återställ grenen %s hit"
 
-#: gitk:8350
+#: gitk:8372
 msgid "Detached head: can't reset"
 msgstr "Frånkopplad head: kan inte återställa"
 
-#: gitk:8459 gitk:8465
+#: gitk:8481 gitk:8487
 msgid "Skipping merge commit "
 msgstr "Hoppar över sammanslagningsincheckning "
 
-#: gitk:8474 gitk:8479
+#: gitk:8496 gitk:8501
 msgid "Error getting patch ID for "
 msgstr "Fel vid hämtning av patch-id för "
 
-#: gitk:8475 gitk:8480
+#: gitk:8497 gitk:8502
 msgid " - stopping\n"
 msgstr " - stannar\n"
 
-#: gitk:8485 gitk:8488 gitk:8496 gitk:8510 gitk:8519
+#: gitk:8507 gitk:8510 gitk:8518 gitk:8532 gitk:8541
 msgid "Commit "
 msgstr "Incheckning "
 
-#: gitk:8489
+#: gitk:8511
 msgid ""
 " is the same patch as\n"
 "       "
@@ -845,7 +850,7 @@
 " är samma patch som\n"
 "       "
 
-#: gitk:8497
+#: gitk:8519
 msgid ""
 " differs from\n"
 "       "
@@ -853,139 +858,139 @@
 " skiljer sig från\n"
 "       "
 
-#: gitk:8499
+#: gitk:8521
 msgid ""
 "Diff of commits:\n"
 "\n"
-msgstr "Skillnad mellan incheckningar:\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Skillnad mellan incheckningar:\n"
 "\n"
-""
 
-#: gitk:8511 gitk:8520
+#: gitk:8533 gitk:8542
 #, tcl-format
 msgid " has %s children - stopping\n"
 msgstr " har %s barn - stannar\n"
 
-#: gitk:8539
+#: gitk:8561
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error writing commit to file: %s"
 msgstr "Fel vid skrivning av incheckning till fil: %s"
 
-#: gitk:8545
+#: gitk:8567
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error diffing commits: %s"
 msgstr "Fel vid jämförelse av incheckningar: %s"
 
-#: gitk:8575
+#: gitk:8598
 msgid "Top"
 msgstr "Topp"
 
-#: gitk:8576
+#: gitk:8599
 msgid "From"
 msgstr "Från"
 
-#: gitk:8581
+#: gitk:8604
 msgid "To"
 msgstr "Till"
 
-#: gitk:8605
+#: gitk:8628
 msgid "Generate patch"
 msgstr "Generera patch"
 
-#: gitk:8607
+#: gitk:8630
 msgid "From:"
 msgstr "Från:"
 
-#: gitk:8616
+#: gitk:8639
 msgid "To:"
 msgstr "Till:"
 
-#: gitk:8625
+#: gitk:8648
 msgid "Reverse"
 msgstr "Vänd"
 
-#: gitk:8627 gitk:8822
+#: gitk:8650 gitk:8845
 msgid "Output file:"
 msgstr "Utdatafil:"
 
-#: gitk:8633
+#: gitk:8656
 msgid "Generate"
 msgstr "Generera"
 
-#: gitk:8671
+#: gitk:8694
 msgid "Error creating patch:"
 msgstr "Fel vid generering av patch:"
 
-#: gitk:8694 gitk:8810 gitk:8867
+#: gitk:8717 gitk:8833 gitk:8890
 msgid "ID:"
 msgstr "Id:"
 
-#: gitk:8703
+#: gitk:8726
 msgid "Tag name:"
 msgstr "Taggnamn:"
 
-#: gitk:8706
+#: gitk:8729
 msgid "Tag message is optional"
 msgstr "Taggmeddelandet är valfritt"
 
-#: gitk:8708
+#: gitk:8731
 msgid "Tag message:"
 msgstr "Taggmeddelande:"
 
-#: gitk:8712 gitk:8876
+#: gitk:8735 gitk:8899
 msgid "Create"
 msgstr "Skapa"
 
-#: gitk:8730
+#: gitk:8753
 msgid "No tag name specified"
 msgstr "Inget taggnamn angavs"
 
-#: gitk:8734
+#: gitk:8757
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Tag \"%s\" already exists"
 msgstr "Taggen \"%s\" finns redan"
 
-#: gitk:8744
+#: gitk:8767
 msgid "Error creating tag:"
 msgstr "Fel vid skapande av tagg:"
 
-#: gitk:8819
+#: gitk:8842
 msgid "Command:"
 msgstr "Kommando:"
 
-#: gitk:8827
+#: gitk:8850
 msgid "Write"
 msgstr "Skriv"
 
-#: gitk:8845
+#: gitk:8868
 msgid "Error writing commit:"
 msgstr "Fel vid skrivning av incheckning:"
 
-#: gitk:8872
+#: gitk:8895
 msgid "Name:"
 msgstr "Namn:"
 
-#: gitk:8895
+#: gitk:8918
 msgid "Please specify a name for the new branch"
 msgstr "Ange ett namn för den nya grenen"
 
-#: gitk:8900
+#: gitk:8923
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Branch '%s' already exists. Overwrite?"
 msgstr "Grenen \"%s\" finns redan. Skriva över?"
 
-#: gitk:8966
+#: gitk:8989
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Commit %s is already included in branch %s -- really re-apply it?"
 msgstr ""
 "Incheckningen %s finns redan på grenen %s -- skall den verkligen appliceras "
 "på nytt?"
 
-#: gitk:8971
+#: gitk:8994
 msgid "Cherry-picking"
 msgstr "Plockar"
 
-#: gitk:8980
+#: gitk:9003
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
 "Cherry-pick failed because of local changes to file '%s'.\n"
@@ -995,7 +1000,7 @@
 "Checka in, återställ eller spara undan (stash) dina ändringar och försök "
 "igen."
 
-#: gitk:8986
+#: gitk:9009
 msgid ""
 "Cherry-pick failed because of merge conflict.\n"
 "Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
@@ -1003,32 +1008,32 @@
 "Cherry-pick misslyckades på grund av en sammanslagningskonflikt.\n"
 "Vill du köra git citool för att lösa den?"
 
-#: gitk:9002
+#: gitk:9025
 msgid "No changes committed"
 msgstr "Inga ändringar incheckade"
 
-#: gitk:9028
+#: gitk:9051
 msgid "Confirm reset"
 msgstr "Bekräfta återställning"
 
-#: gitk:9030
+#: gitk:9053
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Reset branch %s to %s?"
 msgstr "Återställa grenen %s till %s?"
 
-#: gitk:9032
+#: gitk:9055
 msgid "Reset type:"
 msgstr "Typ av återställning:"
 
-#: gitk:9035
+#: gitk:9058
 msgid "Soft: Leave working tree and index untouched"
 msgstr "Mjuk: Rör inte utcheckning och index"
 
-#: gitk:9038
+#: gitk:9061
 msgid "Mixed: Leave working tree untouched, reset index"
 msgstr "Blandad: Rör inte utcheckning, återställ index"
 
-#: gitk:9041
+#: gitk:9064
 msgid ""
 "Hard: Reset working tree and index\n"
 "(discard ALL local changes)"
@@ -1036,19 +1041,19 @@
 "Hård: Återställ utcheckning och index\n"
 "(förkastar ALLA lokala ändringar)"
 
-#: gitk:9058
+#: gitk:9081
 msgid "Resetting"
 msgstr "Återställer"
 
-#: gitk:9118
+#: gitk:9141
 msgid "Checking out"
 msgstr "Checkar ut"
 
-#: gitk:9171
+#: gitk:9194
 msgid "Cannot delete the currently checked-out branch"
 msgstr "Kan inte ta bort den just nu utcheckade grenen"
 
-#: gitk:9177
+#: gitk:9200
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
 "The commits on branch %s aren't on any other branch.\n"
@@ -1057,16 +1062,16 @@
 "Incheckningarna på grenen %s existerar inte på någon annan gren.\n"
 "Vill du verkligen ta bort grenen %s?"
 
-#: gitk:9208
+#: gitk:9231
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Tags and heads: %s"
 msgstr "Taggar och huvuden: %s"
 
-#: gitk:9223
+#: gitk:9246
 msgid "Filter"
 msgstr "Filter"
 
-#: gitk:9518
+#: gitk:9541
 msgid ""
 "Error reading commit topology information; branch and preceding/following "
 "tag information will be incomplete."
@@ -1074,203 +1079,203 @@
 "Fel vid läsning av information om incheckningstopologi; information om "
 "grenar och föregående/senare taggar kommer inte vara komplett."
 
-#: gitk:10504
+#: gitk:10527
 msgid "Tag"
 msgstr "Tagg"
 
-#: gitk:10504
+#: gitk:10527
 msgid "Id"
 msgstr "Id"
 
-#: gitk:10554
+#: gitk:10576
 msgid "Gitk font chooser"
 msgstr "Teckensnittsväljare för Gitk"
 
-#: gitk:10571
+#: gitk:10593
 msgid "B"
 msgstr "F"
 
-#: gitk:10574
+#: gitk:10596
 msgid "I"
 msgstr "K"
 
-#: gitk:10692
+#: gitk:10714
 msgid "Gitk preferences"
 msgstr "Inställningar för Gitk"
 
-#: gitk:10694
+#: gitk:10716
 msgid "Commit list display options"
 msgstr "Alternativ för incheckningslistvy"
 
-#: gitk:10697
+#: gitk:10719
 msgid "Maximum graph width (lines)"
 msgstr "Maximal grafbredd (rader)"
 
-#: gitk:10700
+#: gitk:10722
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Maximum graph width (% of pane)"
 msgstr "Maximal grafbredd (% av ruta)"
 
-#: gitk:10703
+#: gitk:10725
 msgid "Show local changes"
 msgstr "Visa lokala ändringar"
 
-#: gitk:10706
+#: gitk:10728
 msgid "Auto-select SHA1"
 msgstr "Välj SHA1 automatiskt"
 
-#: gitk:10709
+#: gitk:10731
 msgid "Hide remote refs"
 msgstr "Dölj fjärr-referenser"
 
-#: gitk:10713
+#: gitk:10735
 msgid "Diff display options"
 msgstr "Alternativ för diffvy"
 
-#: gitk:10715
+#: gitk:10737
 msgid "Tab spacing"
 msgstr "Blanksteg för tabulatortecken"
 
-#: gitk:10718
+#: gitk:10740
 msgid "Display nearby tags"
 msgstr "Visa närliggande taggar"
 
-#: gitk:10721
+#: gitk:10743
 msgid "Limit diffs to listed paths"
 msgstr "Begränsa diff till listade sökvägar"
 
-#: gitk:10724
+#: gitk:10746
 msgid "Support per-file encodings"
 msgstr "Stöd för filspecifika teckenkodningar"
 
-#: gitk:10730 gitk:10819
+#: gitk:10752 gitk:10832
 msgid "External diff tool"
 msgstr "Externt diff-verktyg"
 
-#: gitk:10731
+#: gitk:10753
 msgid "Choose..."
 msgstr "Välj..."
 
-#: gitk:10736
+#: gitk:10758
 msgid "General options"
 msgstr "Allmänna inställningar"
 
-#: gitk:10739
+#: gitk:10761
 msgid "Use themed widgets"
 msgstr "Använd tema på fönsterelement"
 
-#: gitk:10741
+#: gitk:10763
 msgid "(change requires restart)"
 msgstr "(ändringen kräver omstart)"
 
-#: gitk:10743
+#: gitk:10765
 msgid "(currently unavailable)"
 msgstr "(för närvarande inte tillgängligt)"
 
-#: gitk:10747
+#: gitk:10769
 msgid "Colors: press to choose"
 msgstr "Färger: tryck för att välja"
 
-#: gitk:10750
+#: gitk:10772
 msgid "Interface"
 msgstr "Gränssnitt"
 
-#: gitk:10751
+#: gitk:10773
 msgid "interface"
 msgstr "gränssnitt"
 
-#: gitk:10754
+#: gitk:10776
 msgid "Background"
 msgstr "Bakgrund"
 
-#: gitk:10755 gitk:10785
+#: gitk:10777 gitk:10807
 msgid "background"
 msgstr "bakgrund"
 
-#: gitk:10758
+#: gitk:10780
 msgid "Foreground"
 msgstr "Förgrund"
 
-#: gitk:10759
+#: gitk:10781
 msgid "foreground"
 msgstr "förgrund"
 
-#: gitk:10762
+#: gitk:10784
 msgid "Diff: old lines"
 msgstr "Diff: gamla rader"
 
-#: gitk:10763
+#: gitk:10785
 msgid "diff old lines"
 msgstr "diff gamla rader"
 
-#: gitk:10767
+#: gitk:10789
 msgid "Diff: new lines"
 msgstr "Diff: nya rader"
 
-#: gitk:10768
+#: gitk:10790
 msgid "diff new lines"
 msgstr "diff nya rader"
 
-#: gitk:10772
+#: gitk:10794
 msgid "Diff: hunk header"
 msgstr "Diff: delhuvud"
 
-#: gitk:10774
+#: gitk:10796
 msgid "diff hunk header"
 msgstr "diff delhuvud"
 
-#: gitk:10778
+#: gitk:10800
 msgid "Marked line bg"
 msgstr "Markerad rad bakgrund"
 
-#: gitk:10780
+#: gitk:10802
 msgid "marked line background"
 msgstr "markerad rad bakgrund"
 
-#: gitk:10784
+#: gitk:10806
 msgid "Select bg"
 msgstr "Markerad bakgrund"
 
-#: gitk:10788
+#: gitk:10810
 msgid "Fonts: press to choose"
 msgstr "Teckensnitt: tryck för att välja"
 
-#: gitk:10790
+#: gitk:10812
 msgid "Main font"
 msgstr "Huvudteckensnitt"
 
-#: gitk:10791
+#: gitk:10813
 msgid "Diff display font"
 msgstr "Teckensnitt för diffvisning"
 
-#: gitk:10792
+#: gitk:10814
 msgid "User interface font"
 msgstr "Teckensnitt för användargränssnitt"
 
-#: gitk:10829
+#: gitk:10842
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Gitk: choose color for %s"
 msgstr "Gitk: välj färg för %s"
 
-#: gitk:11433
+#: gitk:11445
 msgid "Cannot find a git repository here."
-msgstr "Hittar inget gitk-arkiv här."
+msgstr "Hittar inget git-arkiv här."
 
-#: gitk:11437
+#: gitk:11449
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Cannot find the git directory \"%s\"."
 msgstr "Hittar inte git-katalogen \"%s\"."
 
-#: gitk:11484
+#: gitk:11496
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Ambiguous argument '%s': both revision and filename"
 msgstr "Tvetydigt argument \"%s\": både revision och filnamn"
 
-#: gitk:11496
+#: gitk:11508
 msgid "Bad arguments to gitk:"
 msgstr "Felaktiga argument till gitk:"
 
-#: gitk:11587
+#: gitk:11604
 msgid "Command line"
 msgstr "Kommandorad"
 
diff --git a/gitweb/Makefile b/gitweb/Makefile
index 2fb7c2d..0a6ac00 100644
--- a/gitweb/Makefile
+++ b/gitweb/Makefile
@@ -35,10 +35,12 @@
 GITWEB_JS = static/gitweb.js
 GITWEB_SITE_HEADER =
 GITWEB_SITE_FOOTER =
+HIGHLIGHT_BIN = highlight
 
 # include user config
 -include ../config.mak.autogen
 -include ../config.mak
+-include config.mak
 
 # determine version
 ../GIT-VERSION-FILE: .FORCE-GIT-VERSION-FILE
@@ -129,7 +131,8 @@
 	-e 's|++GITWEB_FAVICON++|$(GITWEB_FAVICON)|g' \
 	-e 's|++GITWEB_JS++|$(GITWEB_JS)|g' \
 	-e 's|++GITWEB_SITE_HEADER++|$(GITWEB_SITE_HEADER)|g' \
-	-e 's|++GITWEB_SITE_FOOTER++|$(GITWEB_SITE_FOOTER)|g'
+	-e 's|++GITWEB_SITE_FOOTER++|$(GITWEB_SITE_FOOTER)|g' \
+	-e 's|++HIGHLIGHT_BIN++|$(HIGHLIGHT_BIN)|g'
 
 GITWEB-BUILD-OPTIONS: FORCE
 	@rm -f $@+
@@ -143,6 +146,15 @@
 	chmod +x $@+ && \
 	mv $@+ $@
 
+### Testing rules
+
+test:
+	$(MAKE) -C ../t gitweb-test
+
+test-installed:
+	GITWEB_TEST_INSTALLED='$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitwebdir_SQ)' \
+		$(MAKE) -C ../t gitweb-test
+
 ### Installation rules
 
 install: all
@@ -156,5 +168,5 @@
 clean:
 	$(RM) gitweb.cgi static/gitweb.min.js static/gitweb.min.css GITWEB-BUILD-OPTIONS
 
-.PHONY: all clean install .FORCE-GIT-VERSION-FILE FORCE
+.PHONY: all clean install test test-installed .FORCE-GIT-VERSION-FILE FORCE
 
diff --git a/gitweb/README b/gitweb/README
index d481198..4a67393 100644
--- a/gitweb/README
+++ b/gitweb/README
@@ -114,6 +114,11 @@
    when gitweb.cgi is executed, then the file specified in the environment
    variable will be loaded instead of the file specified when gitweb.cgi was
    created.  [Default: /etc/gitweb.conf]
+ * HIGHLIGHT_BIN
+   Path to the highlight executable to use (must be the one from
+   http://www.andre-simon.de due to assumptions about parameters and output).
+   Useful if highlight is not installed on your webserver's PATH.
+   [Default: highlight]
 
 
 Runtime gitweb configuration
@@ -172,13 +177,15 @@
  * $my_url, $my_uri
    Full URL and absolute URL of gitweb script;
    in earlier versions of gitweb you might have need to set those
-   variables, now there should be no need to do it.
+   variables, now there should be no need to do it.  See
+   $per_request_config if you need to set them still.
  * $base_url
    Base URL for relative URLs in pages generated by gitweb,
    (e.g. $logo, $favicon, @stylesheets if they are relative URLs),
    needed and used only for URLs with nonempty PATH_INFO via
    <base href="$base_url">.  Usually gitweb sets its value correctly,
    and there is no need to set this variable, e.g. to $my_uri or "/".
+   See $per_request_config if you need to set it anyway.
  * $home_link
    Target of the home link on top of all pages (the first part of view
    "breadcrumbs").  By default set to absolute URI of a page ($my_uri).
@@ -236,7 +243,21 @@
    If server load exceed this value then return "503 Service Unavailable" error.
    Server load is taken to be 0 if gitweb cannot determine its value.  Set it to
    undefined value to turn it off.  The default is 300.
-
+ * $highlight_bin
+   Path to the highlight executable to use (must be the one from
+   http://www.andre-simon.de due to assumptions about parameters and output).
+   Useful if highlight is not installed on your webserver's PATH.
+   [Default: highlight]
+ * $per_request_config
+   If set to code reference, it would be run once per each request.  You can
+   set parts of configuration that change per session, e.g. by setting it to
+     sub { $ENV{GL_USER} = $cgi->remote_user || "gitweb"; }
+   Otherwise it is treated as boolean value: if true gitweb would process
+   config file once per request, if false it would process config file only
+   once.  Note: $my_url, $my_uri, and $base_url are overwritten with
+   their default values before every request, so if you want to change
+   them, be sure to set this variable to true or a code reference effecting
+   the desired changes.  The default is true.
 
 Projects list file format
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
diff --git a/gitweb/gitweb.perl b/gitweb/gitweb.perl
index 42cc1da..4779618 100755
--- a/gitweb/gitweb.perl
+++ b/gitweb/gitweb.perl
@@ -17,12 +17,10 @@
 use Fcntl ':mode';
 use File::Find qw();
 use File::Basename qw(basename);
+use Time::HiRes qw(gettimeofday tv_interval);
 binmode STDOUT, ':utf8';
 
-our $t0;
-if (eval { require Time::HiRes; 1; }) {
-	$t0 = [Time::HiRes::gettimeofday()];
-}
+our $t0 = [ gettimeofday() ];
 our $number_of_git_cmds = 0;
 
 BEGIN {
@@ -166,6 +164,12 @@
 # the gitweb domain.
 our $prevent_xss = 0;
 
+# Path to the highlight executable to use (must be the one from
+# http://www.andre-simon.de due to assumptions about parameters and output).
+# Useful if highlight is not installed on your webserver's PATH.
+# [Default: highlight]
+our $highlight_bin = "++HIGHLIGHT_BIN++";
+
 # information about snapshot formats that gitweb is capable of serving
 our %known_snapshot_formats = (
 	# name => {
@@ -487,6 +491,18 @@
 		'sub' => sub { feature_bool('highlight', @_) },
 		'override' => 0,
 		'default' => [0]},
+
+	# Enable displaying of remote heads in the heads list
+
+	# To enable system wide have in $GITWEB_CONFIG
+	# $feature{'remote_heads'}{'default'} = [1];
+	# To have project specific config enable override in $GITWEB_CONFIG
+	# $feature{'remote_heads'}{'override'} = 1;
+	# and in project config gitweb.remote_heads = 0|1;
+	'remote_heads' => {
+		'sub' => sub { feature_bool('remote_heads', @_) },
+		'override' => 0,
+		'default' => [0]},
 );
 
 sub gitweb_get_feature {
@@ -595,6 +611,14 @@
 		!$known_snapshot_formats{$_}{'disabled'}} @fmts;
 }
 
+# If it is set to code reference, it is code that it is to be run once per
+# request, allowing updating configurations that change with each request,
+# while running other code in config file only once.
+#
+# Otherwise, if it is false then gitweb would process config file only once;
+# if it is true then gitweb config would be run for each request.
+our $per_request_config = 1;
+
 our ($GITWEB_CONFIG, $GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM);
 sub evaluate_gitweb_config {
 	our $GITWEB_CONFIG = $ENV{'GITWEB_CONFIG'} || "++GITWEB_CONFIG++";
@@ -701,6 +725,7 @@
 	"log" => \&git_log,
 	"patch" => \&git_patch,
 	"patches" => \&git_patches,
+	"remotes" => \&git_remotes,
 	"rss" => \&git_rss,
 	"atom" => \&git_atom,
 	"search" => \&git_search,
@@ -775,10 +800,10 @@
 		'history',
 	);
 
-	# we want to catch
+	# we want to catch, among others
 	# [$hash_parent_base[:$file_parent]..]$hash_parent[:$file_name]
 	my ($parentrefname, $parentpathname, $refname, $pathname) =
-		($path_info =~ /^(?:(.+?)(?::(.+))?\.\.)?(.+?)(?::(.+))?$/);
+		($path_info =~ /^(?:(.+?)(?::(.+))?\.\.)?([^:]+?)?(?::(.+))?$/);
 
 	# first, analyze the 'current' part
 	if (defined $pathname) {
@@ -814,8 +839,15 @@
 		# hash_base instead. It should also be noted that hand-crafted
 		# links having 'history' as an action and no pathname or hash
 		# set will fail, but that happens regardless of PATH_INFO.
-		$input_params{'action'} ||= "shortlog";
-		if (grep { $_ eq $input_params{'action'} } @wants_base) {
+		if (defined $parentrefname) {
+			# if there is parent let the default be 'shortlog' action
+			# (for http://git.example.com/repo.git/A..B links); if there
+			# is no parent, dispatch will detect type of object and set
+			# action appropriately if required (if action is not set)
+			$input_params{'action'} ||= "shortlog";
+		}
+		if ($input_params{'action'} &&
+		    grep { $_ eq $input_params{'action'} } @wants_base) {
 			$input_params{'hash_base'} ||= $refname;
 		} else {
 			$input_params{'hash'} ||= $refname;
@@ -1052,16 +1084,27 @@
 }
 
 sub reset_timer {
-	our $t0 = [Time::HiRes::gettimeofday()]
+	our $t0 = [ gettimeofday() ]
 		if defined $t0;
 	our $number_of_git_cmds = 0;
 }
 
+our $first_request = 1;
 sub run_request {
 	reset_timer();
 
 	evaluate_uri();
-	evaluate_gitweb_config();
+	if ($first_request) {
+		evaluate_gitweb_config();
+		evaluate_git_version();
+	}
+	if ($per_request_config) {
+		if (ref($per_request_config) eq 'CODE') {
+			$per_request_config->();
+		} elsif (!$first_request) {
+			evaluate_gitweb_config();
+		}
+	}
 	check_loadavg();
 
 	# $projectroot and $projects_list might be set in gitweb config file
@@ -1114,8 +1157,8 @@
 
 sub run {
 	evaluate_argv();
-	evaluate_git_version();
 
+	$first_request = 1;
 	$pre_listen_hook->()
 		if $pre_listen_hook;
 
@@ -1128,6 +1171,7 @@
 
 		$post_dispatch_hook->()
 			if $post_dispatch_hook;
+		$first_request = 0;
 
 		last REQUEST if ($is_last_request->());
 	}
@@ -1186,7 +1230,7 @@
 		$href =~ s,/$,,;
 
 		# Then add the project name, if present
-		$href .= "/".esc_url($params{'project'});
+		$href .= "/".esc_path_info($params{'project'});
 		delete $params{'project'};
 
 		# since we destructively absorb parameters, we keep this
@@ -1196,7 +1240,8 @@
 		# Summary just uses the project path URL, any other action is
 		# added to the URL
 		if (defined $params{'action'}) {
-			$href .= "/".esc_url($params{'action'}) unless $params{'action'} eq 'summary';
+			$href .= "/".esc_path_info($params{'action'})
+				unless $params{'action'} eq 'summary';
 			delete $params{'action'};
 		}
 
@@ -1206,13 +1251,13 @@
 			|| $params{'hash_parent'} || $params{'hash'});
 		if (defined $params{'hash_base'}) {
 			if (defined $params{'hash_parent_base'}) {
-				$href .= esc_url($params{'hash_parent_base'});
+				$href .= esc_path_info($params{'hash_parent_base'});
 				# skip the file_parent if it's the same as the file_name
 				if (defined $params{'file_parent'}) {
 					if (defined $params{'file_name'} && $params{'file_parent'} eq $params{'file_name'}) {
 						delete $params{'file_parent'};
 					} elsif ($params{'file_parent'} !~ /\.\./) {
-						$href .= ":/".esc_url($params{'file_parent'});
+						$href .= ":/".esc_path_info($params{'file_parent'});
 						delete $params{'file_parent'};
 					}
 				}
@@ -1220,19 +1265,19 @@
 				delete $params{'hash_parent'};
 				delete $params{'hash_parent_base'};
 			} elsif (defined $params{'hash_parent'}) {
-				$href .= esc_url($params{'hash_parent'}). "..";
+				$href .= esc_path_info($params{'hash_parent'}). "..";
 				delete $params{'hash_parent'};
 			}
 
-			$href .= esc_url($params{'hash_base'});
+			$href .= esc_path_info($params{'hash_base'});
 			if (defined $params{'file_name'} && $params{'file_name'} !~ /\.\./) {
-				$href .= ":/".esc_url($params{'file_name'});
+				$href .= ":/".esc_path_info($params{'file_name'});
 				delete $params{'file_name'};
 			}
 			delete $params{'hash'};
 			delete $params{'hash_base'};
 		} elsif (defined $params{'hash'}) {
-			$href .= esc_url($params{'hash'});
+			$href .= esc_path_info($params{'hash'});
 			delete $params{'hash'};
 		}
 
@@ -1265,6 +1310,9 @@
 	}
 	$href .= "?" . join(';', @result) if scalar @result;
 
+	# final transformation: trailing spaces must be escaped (URI-encoded)
+	$href =~ s/(\s+)$/CGI::escape($1)/e;
+
 	return $href;
 }
 
@@ -1347,6 +1395,17 @@
 	return $str;
 }
 
+# the quoting rules for path_info fragment are slightly different
+sub esc_path_info {
+	my $str = shift;
+	return undef unless defined $str;
+
+	# path_info doesn't treat '+' as space (specially), but '?' must be escaped
+	$str =~ s/([^A-Za-z0-9\-_.~();\/;:@&= +]+)/CGI::escape($1)/eg;
+
+	return $str;
+}
+
 # quote unsafe chars in whole URL, so some characters cannot be quoted
 sub esc_url {
 	my $str = shift;
@@ -2753,6 +2812,44 @@
 	return (undef, undef);
 }
 
+# Implementation note: when a single remote is wanted, we cannot use 'git
+# remote show -n' because that command always work (assuming it's a remote URL
+# if it's not defined), and we cannot use 'git remote show' because that would
+# try to make a network roundtrip. So the only way to find if that particular
+# remote is defined is to walk the list provided by 'git remote -v' and stop if
+# and when we find what we want.
+sub git_get_remotes_list {
+	my $wanted = shift;
+	my %remotes = ();
+
+	open my $fd, '-|' , git_cmd(), 'remote', '-v';
+	return unless $fd;
+	while (my $remote = <$fd>) {
+		chomp $remote;
+		$remote =~ s!\t(.*?)\s+\((\w+)\)$!!;
+		next if $wanted and not $remote eq $wanted;
+		my ($url, $key) = ($1, $2);
+
+		$remotes{$remote} ||= { 'heads' => () };
+		$remotes{$remote}{$key} = $url;
+	}
+	close $fd or return;
+	return wantarray ? %remotes : \%remotes;
+}
+
+# Takes a hash of remotes as first parameter and fills it by adding the
+# available remote heads for each of the indicated remotes.
+sub fill_remote_heads {
+	my $remotes = shift;
+	my @heads = map { "remotes/$_" } keys %$remotes;
+	my @remoteheads = git_get_heads_list(undef, @heads);
+	foreach my $remote (keys %$remotes) {
+		$remotes->{$remote}{'heads'} = [ grep {
+			$_->{'name'} =~ s!^$remote/!!
+			} @remoteheads ];
+	}
+}
+
 sub git_get_references {
 	my $type = shift || "";
 	my %refs;
@@ -3151,13 +3248,15 @@
 ## parse to array of hashes functions
 
 sub git_get_heads_list {
-	my $limit = shift;
+	my ($limit, @classes) = @_;
+	@classes = ('heads') unless @classes;
+	my @patterns = map { "refs/$_" } @classes;
 	my @headslist;
 
 	open my $fd, '-|', git_cmd(), 'for-each-ref',
 		($limit ? '--count='.($limit+1) : ()), '--sort=-committerdate',
 		'--format=%(objectname) %(refname) %(subject)%00%(committer)',
-		'refs/heads'
+		@patterns
 		or return;
 	while (my $line = <$fd>) {
 		my %ref_item;
@@ -3168,7 +3267,7 @@
 		my ($committer, $epoch, $tz) =
 			($committerinfo =~ /^(.*) ([0-9]+) (.*)$/);
 		$ref_item{'fullname'}  = $name;
-		$name =~ s!^refs/heads/!!;
+		$name =~ s!^refs/(?:head|remote)s/!!;
 
 		$ref_item{'name'}  = $name;
 		$ref_item{'id'}    = $hash;
@@ -3368,7 +3467,8 @@
 	close $fd
 		or die_error(404, "Reading blob failed");
 	open $fd, quote_command(git_cmd(), "cat-file", "blob", $hash)." | ".
-	          "highlight --xhtml --fragment --syntax $syntax |"
+	          quote_command($highlight_bin).
+	          " --xhtml --fragment --syntax $syntax |"
 		or die_error(500, "Couldn't open file or run syntax highlighter");
 	return $fd;
 }
@@ -3509,7 +3609,15 @@
 	if (defined $project) {
 		print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"summary")}, esc_html($project));
 		if (defined $action) {
-			print " / $action";
+			my $action_print = $action ;
+			if (defined $opts{-action_extra}) {
+				$action_print = $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>$action)},
+					$action);
+			}
+			print " / $action_print";
+		}
+		if (defined $opts{-action_extra}) {
+			print " / $opts{-action_extra}";
 		}
 		print "\n";
 	}
@@ -3588,7 +3696,7 @@
 		print "<div id=\"generating_info\">\n";
 		print 'This page took '.
 		      '<span id="generating_time" class="time_span">'.
-		      Time::HiRes::tv_interval($t0, [Time::HiRes::gettimeofday()]).
+		      tv_interval($t0, [ gettimeofday() ]).
 		      ' seconds </span>'.
 		      ' and '.
 		      '<span id="generating_cmd">'.
@@ -3716,6 +3824,19 @@
 	      "</div>\n";
 }
 
+# returns a submenu for the nagivation of the refs views (tags, heads,
+# remotes) with the current view disabled and the remotes view only
+# available if the feature is enabled
+sub format_ref_views {
+	my ($current) = @_;
+	my @ref_views = qw{tags heads};
+	push @ref_views, 'remotes' if gitweb_check_feature('remote_heads');
+	return join " | ", map {
+		$_ eq $current ? $_ :
+		$cgi->a({-href => href(action=>$_)}, $_)
+	} @ref_views
+}
+
 sub format_paging_nav {
 	my ($action, $page, $has_next_link) = @_;
 	my $paging_nav;
@@ -3759,6 +3880,49 @@
 	      "\n</div>\n";
 }
 
+sub format_repo_url {
+	my ($name, $url) = @_;
+	return "<tr class=\"metadata_url\"><td>$name</td><td>$url</td></tr>\n";
+}
+
+# Group output by placing it in a DIV element and adding a header.
+# Options for start_div() can be provided by passing a hash reference as the
+# first parameter to the function.
+# Options to git_print_header_div() can be provided by passing an array
+# reference. This must follow the options to start_div if they are present.
+# The content can be a scalar, which is output as-is, a scalar reference, which
+# is output after html escaping, an IO handle passed either as *handle or
+# *handle{IO}, or a function reference. In the latter case all following
+# parameters will be taken as argument to the content function call.
+sub git_print_section {
+	my ($div_args, $header_args, $content);
+	my $arg = shift;
+	if (ref($arg) eq 'HASH') {
+		$div_args = $arg;
+		$arg = shift;
+	}
+	if (ref($arg) eq 'ARRAY') {
+		$header_args = $arg;
+		$arg = shift;
+	}
+	$content = $arg;
+
+	print $cgi->start_div($div_args);
+	git_print_header_div(@$header_args);
+
+	if (ref($content) eq 'CODE') {
+		$content->(@_);
+	} elsif (ref($content) eq 'SCALAR') {
+		print esc_html($$content);
+	} elsif (ref($content) eq 'GLOB' or ref($content) eq 'IO::Handle') {
+		print <$content>;
+	} elsif (!ref($content) && defined($content)) {
+		print $content;
+	}
+
+	print $cgi->end_div;
+}
+
 sub print_local_time {
 	print format_local_time(@_);
 }
@@ -4958,7 +5122,7 @@
 		      "<td class=\"link\">" .
 		      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"shortlog", hash=>$ref{'fullname'})}, "shortlog") . " | " .
 		      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"log", hash=>$ref{'fullname'})}, "log") . " | " .
-		      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"tree", hash=>$ref{'fullname'}, hash_base=>$ref{'name'})}, "tree") .
+		      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"tree", hash=>$ref{'fullname'}, hash_base=>$ref{'fullname'})}, "tree") .
 		      "</td>\n" .
 		      "</tr>";
 	}
@@ -4970,6 +5134,101 @@
 	print "</table>\n";
 }
 
+# Display a single remote block
+sub git_remote_block {
+	my ($remote, $rdata, $limit, $head) = @_;
+
+	my $heads = $rdata->{'heads'};
+	my $fetch = $rdata->{'fetch'};
+	my $push = $rdata->{'push'};
+
+	my $urls_table = "<table class=\"projects_list\">\n" ;
+
+	if (defined $fetch) {
+		if ($fetch eq $push) {
+			$urls_table .= format_repo_url("URL", $fetch);
+		} else {
+			$urls_table .= format_repo_url("Fetch URL", $fetch);
+			$urls_table .= format_repo_url("Push URL", $push) if defined $push;
+		}
+	} elsif (defined $push) {
+		$urls_table .= format_repo_url("Push URL", $push);
+	} else {
+		$urls_table .= format_repo_url("", "No remote URL");
+	}
+
+	$urls_table .= "</table>\n";
+
+	my $dots;
+	if (defined $limit && $limit < @$heads) {
+		$dots = $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"remotes", hash=>$remote)}, "...");
+	}
+
+	print $urls_table;
+	git_heads_body($heads, $head, 0, $limit, $dots);
+}
+
+# Display a list of remote names with the respective fetch and push URLs
+sub git_remotes_list {
+	my ($remotedata, $limit) = @_;
+	print "<table class=\"heads\">\n";
+	my $alternate = 1;
+	my @remotes = sort keys %$remotedata;
+
+	my $limited = $limit && $limit < @remotes;
+
+	$#remotes = $limit - 1 if $limited;
+
+	while (my $remote = shift @remotes) {
+		my $rdata = $remotedata->{$remote};
+		my $fetch = $rdata->{'fetch'};
+		my $push = $rdata->{'push'};
+		if ($alternate) {
+			print "<tr class=\"dark\">\n";
+		} else {
+			print "<tr class=\"light\">\n";
+		}
+		$alternate ^= 1;
+		print "<td>" .
+		      $cgi->a({-href=> href(action=>'remotes', hash=>$remote),
+			       -class=> "list name"},esc_html($remote)) .
+		      "</td>";
+		print "<td class=\"link\">" .
+		      (defined $fetch ? $cgi->a({-href=> $fetch}, "fetch") : "fetch") .
+		      " | " .
+		      (defined $push ? $cgi->a({-href=> $push}, "push") : "push") .
+		      "</td>";
+
+		print "</tr>\n";
+	}
+
+	if ($limited) {
+		print "<tr>\n" .
+		      "<td colspan=\"3\">" .
+		      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"remotes")}, "...") .
+		      "</td>\n" . "</tr>\n";
+	}
+
+	print "</table>";
+}
+
+# Display remote heads grouped by remote, unless there are too many
+# remotes, in which case we only display the remote names
+sub git_remotes_body {
+	my ($remotedata, $limit, $head) = @_;
+	if ($limit and $limit < keys %$remotedata) {
+		git_remotes_list($remotedata, $limit);
+	} else {
+		fill_remote_heads($remotedata);
+		while (my ($remote, $rdata) = each %$remotedata) {
+			git_print_section({-class=>"remote", -id=>$remote},
+				["remotes", $remote, $remote], sub {
+					git_remote_block($remote, $rdata, $limit, $head);
+				});
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 sub git_search_grep_body {
 	my ($commitlist, $from, $to, $extra) = @_;
 	$from = 0 unless defined $from;
@@ -5107,6 +5366,7 @@
 	my %co = parse_commit("HEAD");
 	my %cd = %co ? parse_date($co{'committer_epoch'}, $co{'committer_tz'}) : ();
 	my $head = $co{'id'};
+	my $remote_heads = gitweb_check_feature('remote_heads');
 
 	my $owner = git_get_project_owner($project);
 
@@ -5115,6 +5375,7 @@
 	# there are more ...
 	my @taglist  = git_get_tags_list(16);
 	my @headlist = git_get_heads_list(16);
+	my %remotedata = $remote_heads ? git_get_remotes_list() : ();
 	my @forklist;
 	my $check_forks = gitweb_check_feature('forks');
 
@@ -5140,7 +5401,7 @@
 	@url_list = map { "$_/$project" } @git_base_url_list unless @url_list;
 	foreach my $git_url (@url_list) {
 		next unless $git_url;
-		print "<tr class=\"metadata_url\"><td>$url_tag</td><td>$git_url</td></tr>\n";
+		print format_repo_url($url_tag, $git_url);
 		$url_tag = "";
 	}
 
@@ -5192,6 +5453,11 @@
 		               $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"heads")}, "..."));
 	}
 
+	if (%remotedata) {
+		git_print_header_div('remotes');
+		git_remotes_body(\%remotedata, 15, $head);
+	}
+
 	if (@forklist) {
 		git_print_header_div('forks');
 		git_project_list_body(\@forklist, 'age', 0, 15,
@@ -5296,7 +5562,7 @@
 		print 'END';
 		if (defined $t0 && gitweb_check_feature('timed')) {
 			print ' '.
-			      Time::HiRes::tv_interval($t0, [Time::HiRes::gettimeofday()]).
+			      tv_interval($t0, [ gettimeofday() ]).
 			      ' '.$number_of_git_cmds;
 		}
 		print "\n";
@@ -5483,7 +5749,7 @@
 sub git_tags {
 	my $head = git_get_head_hash($project);
 	git_header_html();
-	git_print_page_nav('','', $head,undef,$head);
+	git_print_page_nav('','', $head,undef,$head,format_ref_views('tags'));
 	git_print_header_div('summary', $project);
 
 	my @tagslist = git_get_tags_list();
@@ -5496,7 +5762,7 @@
 sub git_heads {
 	my $head = git_get_head_hash($project);
 	git_header_html();
-	git_print_page_nav('','', $head,undef,$head);
+	git_print_page_nav('','', $head,undef,$head,format_ref_views('heads'));
 	git_print_header_div('summary', $project);
 
 	my @headslist = git_get_heads_list();
@@ -5506,6 +5772,39 @@
 	git_footer_html();
 }
 
+# used both for single remote view and for list of all the remotes
+sub git_remotes {
+	gitweb_check_feature('remote_heads')
+		or die_error(403, "Remote heads view is disabled");
+
+	my $head = git_get_head_hash($project);
+	my $remote = $input_params{'hash'};
+
+	my $remotedata = git_get_remotes_list($remote);
+	die_error(500, "Unable to get remote information") unless defined $remotedata;
+
+	unless (%$remotedata) {
+		die_error(404, defined $remote ?
+			"Remote $remote not found" :
+			"No remotes found");
+	}
+
+	git_header_html(undef, undef, -action_extra => $remote);
+	git_print_page_nav('', '',  $head, undef, $head,
+		format_ref_views($remote ? '' : 'remotes'));
+
+	fill_remote_heads($remotedata);
+	if (defined $remote) {
+		git_print_header_div('remotes', "$remote remote for $project");
+		git_remote_block($remote, $remotedata->{$remote}, undef, $head);
+	} else {
+		git_print_header_div('summary', "$project remotes");
+		git_remotes_body($remotedata, undef, $head);
+	}
+
+	git_footer_html();
+}
+
 sub git_blob_plain {
 	my $type = shift;
 	my $expires;
diff --git a/gitweb/static/gitweb.css b/gitweb/static/gitweb.css
index 4132aab..79d7eeb 100644
--- a/gitweb/static/gitweb.css
+++ b/gitweb/static/gitweb.css
@@ -573,6 +573,12 @@
 	font-style: italic;
 }
 
+div.remote {
+	margin: .5em;
+	border: 1px solid #d9d8d1;
+	display: inline-block;
+}
+
 /* Style definition generated by highlight 2.4.5, http://www.andre-simon.de/ */
 
 /* Highlighting theme definition: */
diff --git a/grep.c b/grep.c
index 82fb349..63c4280 100644
--- a/grep.c
+++ b/grep.c
@@ -189,29 +189,73 @@
 	return compile_pattern_or(list);
 }
 
+static struct grep_expr *grep_true_expr(void)
+{
+	struct grep_expr *z = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*z));
+	z->node = GREP_NODE_TRUE;
+	return z;
+}
+
+static struct grep_expr *grep_or_expr(struct grep_expr *left, struct grep_expr *right)
+{
+	struct grep_expr *z = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*z));
+	z->node = GREP_NODE_OR;
+	z->u.binary.left = left;
+	z->u.binary.right = right;
+	return z;
+}
+
+static struct grep_expr *prep_header_patterns(struct grep_opt *opt)
+{
+	struct grep_pat *p;
+	struct grep_expr *header_expr;
+	struct grep_expr *(header_group[GREP_HEADER_FIELD_MAX]);
+	enum grep_header_field fld;
+
+	if (!opt->header_list)
+		return NULL;
+	p = opt->header_list;
+	for (p = opt->header_list; p; p = p->next) {
+		if (p->token != GREP_PATTERN_HEAD)
+			die("bug: a non-header pattern in grep header list.");
+		if (p->field < 0 || GREP_HEADER_FIELD_MAX <= p->field)
+			die("bug: unknown header field %d", p->field);
+		compile_regexp(p, opt);
+	}
+
+	for (fld = 0; fld < GREP_HEADER_FIELD_MAX; fld++)
+		header_group[fld] = NULL;
+
+	for (p = opt->header_list; p; p = p->next) {
+		struct grep_expr *h;
+		struct grep_pat *pp = p;
+
+		h = compile_pattern_atom(&pp);
+		if (!h || pp != p->next)
+			die("bug: malformed header expr");
+		if (!header_group[p->field]) {
+			header_group[p->field] = h;
+			continue;
+		}
+		header_group[p->field] = grep_or_expr(h, header_group[p->field]);
+	}
+
+	header_expr = NULL;
+
+	for (fld = 0; fld < GREP_HEADER_FIELD_MAX; fld++) {
+		if (!header_group[fld])
+			continue;
+		if (!header_expr)
+			header_expr = grep_true_expr();
+		header_expr = grep_or_expr(header_group[fld], header_expr);
+	}
+	return header_expr;
+}
+
 void compile_grep_patterns(struct grep_opt *opt)
 {
 	struct grep_pat *p;
-	struct grep_expr *header_expr = NULL;
-
-	if (opt->header_list) {
-		p = opt->header_list;
-		header_expr = compile_pattern_expr(&p);
-		if (p)
-			die("incomplete pattern expression: %s", p->pattern);
-		for (p = opt->header_list; p; p = p->next) {
-			switch (p->token) {
-			case GREP_PATTERN: /* atom */
-			case GREP_PATTERN_HEAD:
-			case GREP_PATTERN_BODY:
-				compile_regexp(p, opt);
-				break;
-			default:
-				opt->extended = 1;
-				break;
-			}
-		}
-	}
+	struct grep_expr *header_expr = prep_header_patterns(opt);
 
 	for (p = opt->pattern_list; p; p = p->next) {
 		switch (p->token) {
@@ -231,9 +275,6 @@
 	else if (!opt->extended)
 		return;
 
-	/* Then bundle them up in an expression.
-	 * A classic recursive descent parser would do.
-	 */
 	p = opt->pattern_list;
 	if (p)
 		opt->pattern_expression = compile_pattern_expr(&p);
@@ -243,22 +284,18 @@
 	if (!header_expr)
 		return;
 
-	if (opt->pattern_expression) {
-		struct grep_expr *z;
-		z = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*z));
-		z->node = GREP_NODE_OR;
-		z->u.binary.left = opt->pattern_expression;
-		z->u.binary.right = header_expr;
-		opt->pattern_expression = z;
-	} else {
+	if (!opt->pattern_expression)
 		opt->pattern_expression = header_expr;
-	}
+	else
+		opt->pattern_expression = grep_or_expr(opt->pattern_expression,
+						       header_expr);
 	opt->all_match = 1;
 }
 
 static void free_pattern_expr(struct grep_expr *x)
 {
 	switch (x->node) {
+	case GREP_NODE_TRUE:
 	case GREP_NODE_ATOM:
 		break;
 	case GREP_NODE_NOT:
@@ -487,6 +524,9 @@
 	if (!x)
 		die("Not a valid grep expression");
 	switch (x->node) {
+	case GREP_NODE_TRUE:
+		h = 1;
+		break;
 	case GREP_NODE_ATOM:
 		h = match_one_pattern(x->u.atom, bol, eol, ctx, &match, 0);
 		break;
diff --git a/grep.h b/grep.h
index efa8cff..06621fe 100644
--- a/grep.h
+++ b/grep.h
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 	GREP_HEADER_AUTHOR = 0,
 	GREP_HEADER_COMMITTER
 };
+#define GREP_HEADER_FIELD_MAX (GREP_HEADER_COMMITTER + 1)
 
 struct grep_pat {
 	struct grep_pat *next;
@@ -41,6 +42,7 @@
 	GREP_NODE_ATOM,
 	GREP_NODE_NOT,
 	GREP_NODE_AND,
+	GREP_NODE_TRUE,
 	GREP_NODE_OR
 };
 
diff --git a/help.c b/help.c
index 7f4928e..7654f1b 100644
--- a/help.c
+++ b/help.c
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "exec_cmd.h"
 #include "levenshtein.h"
 #include "help.h"
+#include "common-cmds.h"
 
 /* most GUI terminals set COLUMNS (although some don't export it) */
 static int term_columns(void)
@@ -298,7 +299,8 @@
 }
 
 /* An empirically derived magic number */
-#define SIMILAR_ENOUGH(x) ((x) < 6)
+#define SIMILARITY_FLOOR 7
+#define SIMILAR_ENOUGH(x) ((x) < SIMILARITY_FLOOR)
 
 const char *help_unknown_cmd(const char *cmd)
 {
@@ -319,10 +321,28 @@
 	      sizeof(main_cmds.names), cmdname_compare);
 	uniq(&main_cmds);
 
-	/* This reuses cmdname->len for similarity index */
-	for (i = 0; i < main_cmds.cnt; ++i)
+	/* This abuses cmdname->len for levenshtein distance */
+	for (i = 0, n = 0; i < main_cmds.cnt; i++) {
+		int cmp = 0; /* avoid compiler stupidity */
+		const char *candidate = main_cmds.names[i]->name;
+
+		/* Does the candidate appear in common_cmds list? */
+		while (n < ARRAY_SIZE(common_cmds) &&
+		       (cmp = strcmp(common_cmds[n].name, candidate)) < 0)
+			n++;
+		if ((n < ARRAY_SIZE(common_cmds)) && !cmp) {
+			/* Yes, this is one of the common commands */
+			n++; /* use the entry from common_cmds[] */
+			if (!prefixcmp(candidate, cmd)) {
+				/* Give prefix match a very good score */
+				main_cmds.names[i]->len = 0;
+				continue;
+			}
+		}
+
 		main_cmds.names[i]->len =
-			levenshtein(cmd, main_cmds.names[i]->name, 0, 2, 1, 4);
+			levenshtein(cmd, candidate, 0, 2, 1, 4) + 1;
+	}
 
 	qsort(main_cmds.names, main_cmds.cnt,
 	      sizeof(*main_cmds.names), levenshtein_compare);
@@ -330,10 +350,21 @@
 	if (!main_cmds.cnt)
 		die ("Uh oh. Your system reports no Git commands at all.");
 
-	best_similarity = main_cmds.names[0]->len;
-	n = 1;
-	while (n < main_cmds.cnt && best_similarity == main_cmds.names[n]->len)
-		++n;
+	/* skip and count prefix matches */
+	for (n = 0; n < main_cmds.cnt && !main_cmds.names[n]->len; n++)
+		; /* still counting */
+
+	if (main_cmds.cnt <= n) {
+		/* prefix matches with everything? that is too ambiguous */
+		best_similarity = SIMILARITY_FLOOR + 1;
+	} else {
+		/* count all the most similar ones */
+		for (best_similarity = main_cmds.names[n++]->len;
+		     (n < main_cmds.cnt &&
+		      best_similarity == main_cmds.names[n]->len);
+		     n++)
+			; /* still counting */
+	}
 	if (autocorrect && n == 1 && SIMILAR_ENOUGH(best_similarity)) {
 		const char *assumed = main_cmds.names[0]->name;
 		main_cmds.names[0] = NULL;
diff --git a/ll-merge.c b/ll-merge.c
index 6bb3095..007dd3e 100644
--- a/ll-merge.c
+++ b/ll-merge.c
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 			   mmfile_t *orig, const char *orig_name,
 			   mmfile_t *src1, const char *name1,
 			   mmfile_t *src2, const char *name2,
-			   int flag,
+			   const struct ll_merge_options *opts,
 			   int marker_size);
 
 struct ll_merge_driver {
@@ -39,14 +39,18 @@
 			   mmfile_t *orig, const char *orig_name,
 			   mmfile_t *src1, const char *name1,
 			   mmfile_t *src2, const char *name2,
-			   int flag, int marker_size)
+			   const struct ll_merge_options *opts,
+			   int marker_size)
 {
+	mmfile_t *stolen;
+	assert(opts);
+
 	/*
 	 * The tentative merge result is "ours" for the final round,
 	 * or common ancestor for an internal merge.  Still return
 	 * "conflicted merge" status.
 	 */
-	mmfile_t *stolen = (flag & LL_OPT_VIRTUAL_ANCESTOR) ? orig : src1;
+	stolen = opts->virtual_ancestor ? orig : src1;
 
 	result->ptr = stolen->ptr;
 	result->size = stolen->size;
@@ -60,9 +64,11 @@
 			mmfile_t *orig, const char *orig_name,
 			mmfile_t *src1, const char *name1,
 			mmfile_t *src2, const char *name2,
-			int flag, int marker_size)
+			const struct ll_merge_options *opts,
+			int marker_size)
 {
 	xmparam_t xmp;
+	assert(opts);
 
 	if (buffer_is_binary(orig->ptr, orig->size) ||
 	    buffer_is_binary(src1->ptr, src1->size) ||
@@ -74,12 +80,13 @@
 				       orig, orig_name,
 				       src1, name1,
 				       src2, name2,
-				       flag, marker_size);
+				       opts, marker_size);
 	}
 
 	memset(&xmp, 0, sizeof(xmp));
 	xmp.level = XDL_MERGE_ZEALOUS;
-	xmp.favor = ll_opt_favor(flag);
+	xmp.favor = opts->variant;
+	xmp.xpp.flags = opts->xdl_opts;
 	if (git_xmerge_style >= 0)
 		xmp.style = git_xmerge_style;
 	if (marker_size > 0)
@@ -96,15 +103,17 @@
 			  mmfile_t *orig, const char *orig_name,
 			  mmfile_t *src1, const char *name1,
 			  mmfile_t *src2, const char *name2,
-			  int flag, int marker_size)
+			  const struct ll_merge_options *opts,
+			  int marker_size)
 {
 	/* Use union favor */
-	flag &= ~LL_OPT_FAVOR_MASK;
-	flag |= create_ll_flag(XDL_MERGE_FAVOR_UNION);
+	struct ll_merge_options o;
+	assert(opts);
+	o = *opts;
+	o.variant = XDL_MERGE_FAVOR_UNION;
 	return ll_xdl_merge(drv_unused, result, path_unused,
 			    orig, NULL, src1, NULL, src2, NULL,
-			    flag, marker_size);
-	return 0;
+			    &o, marker_size);
 }
 
 #define LL_BINARY_MERGE 0
@@ -136,7 +145,8 @@
 			mmfile_t *orig, const char *orig_name,
 			mmfile_t *src1, const char *name1,
 			mmfile_t *src2, const char *name2,
-			int flag, int marker_size)
+			const struct ll_merge_options *opts,
+			int marker_size)
 {
 	char temp[4][50];
 	struct strbuf cmd = STRBUF_INIT;
@@ -144,6 +154,7 @@
 	const char *args[] = { NULL, NULL };
 	int status, fd, i;
 	struct stat st;
+	assert(opts);
 
 	dict[0].placeholder = "O"; dict[0].value = temp[0];
 	dict[1].placeholder = "A"; dict[1].value = temp[1];
@@ -337,15 +348,21 @@
 	     mmfile_t *ancestor, const char *ancestor_label,
 	     mmfile_t *ours, const char *our_label,
 	     mmfile_t *theirs, const char *their_label,
-	     int flag)
+	     const struct ll_merge_options *opts)
 {
 	static struct git_attr_check check[2];
 	const char *ll_driver_name = NULL;
 	int marker_size = DEFAULT_CONFLICT_MARKER_SIZE;
 	const struct ll_merge_driver *driver;
-	int virtual_ancestor = flag & LL_OPT_VIRTUAL_ANCESTOR;
 
-	if (flag & LL_OPT_RENORMALIZE) {
+	if (!opts) {
+		struct ll_merge_options default_opts = {0};
+		return ll_merge(result_buf, path, ancestor, ancestor_label,
+				ours, our_label, theirs, their_label,
+				&default_opts);
+	}
+
+	if (opts->renormalize) {
 		normalize_file(ancestor, path);
 		normalize_file(ours, path);
 		normalize_file(theirs, path);
@@ -359,11 +376,11 @@
 		}
 	}
 	driver = find_ll_merge_driver(ll_driver_name);
-	if (virtual_ancestor && driver->recursive)
+	if (opts->virtual_ancestor && driver->recursive)
 		driver = find_ll_merge_driver(driver->recursive);
 	return driver->fn(driver, result_buf, path, ancestor, ancestor_label,
 			  ours, our_label, theirs, their_label,
-			  flag, marker_size);
+			  opts, marker_size);
 }
 
 int ll_merge_marker_size(const char *path)
diff --git a/ll-merge.h b/ll-merge.h
index ff7ca87..244a31f 100644
--- a/ll-merge.h
+++ b/ll-merge.h
@@ -5,27 +5,19 @@
 #ifndef LL_MERGE_H
 #define LL_MERGE_H
 
-#define LL_OPT_VIRTUAL_ANCESTOR	(1 << 0)
-#define LL_OPT_FAVOR_MASK	((1 << 1) | (1 << 2))
-#define LL_OPT_FAVOR_SHIFT 1
-#define LL_OPT_RENORMALIZE	(1 << 3)
-
-static inline int ll_opt_favor(int flag)
-{
-	return (flag & LL_OPT_FAVOR_MASK) >> LL_OPT_FAVOR_SHIFT;
-}
-
-static inline int create_ll_flag(int favor)
-{
-	return ((favor << LL_OPT_FAVOR_SHIFT) & LL_OPT_FAVOR_MASK);
-}
+struct ll_merge_options {
+	unsigned virtual_ancestor : 1;
+	unsigned variant : 2;	/* favor ours, favor theirs, or union merge */
+	unsigned renormalize : 1;
+	long xdl_opts;
+};
 
 int ll_merge(mmbuffer_t *result_buf,
 	     const char *path,
 	     mmfile_t *ancestor, const char *ancestor_label,
 	     mmfile_t *ours, const char *our_label,
 	     mmfile_t *theirs, const char *their_label,
-	     int flag);
+	     const struct ll_merge_options *opts);
 
 int ll_merge_marker_size(const char *path);
 
diff --git a/merge-file.c b/merge-file.c
index db4d0d5..f7f4533 100644
--- a/merge-file.c
+++ b/merge-file.c
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
 	 * common ancestor.
 	 */
 	merge_status = ll_merge(&res, path, base, NULL,
-				our, ".our", their, ".their", 0);
+				our, ".our", their, ".their", NULL);
 	if (merge_status < 0)
 		return NULL;
 
diff --git a/merge-recursive.c b/merge-recursive.c
index c574698..16c2dbe 100644
--- a/merge-recursive.c
+++ b/merge-recursive.c
@@ -63,6 +63,22 @@
 	return a && b && hashcmp(a, b) == 0;
 }
 
+enum rename_type {
+	RENAME_NORMAL = 0,
+	RENAME_DELETE,
+	RENAME_ONE_FILE_TO_TWO
+};
+
+struct rename_df_conflict_info {
+	enum rename_type rename_type;
+	struct diff_filepair *pair1;
+	struct diff_filepair *pair2;
+	const char *branch1;
+	const char *branch2;
+	struct stage_data *dst_entry1;
+	struct stage_data *dst_entry2;
+};
+
 /*
  * Since we want to write the index eventually, we cannot reuse the index
  * for these (temporary) data.
@@ -74,9 +90,37 @@
 		unsigned mode;
 		unsigned char sha[20];
 	} stages[4];
+	struct rename_df_conflict_info *rename_df_conflict_info;
 	unsigned processed:1;
 };
 
+static inline void setup_rename_df_conflict_info(enum rename_type rename_type,
+						 struct diff_filepair *pair1,
+						 struct diff_filepair *pair2,
+						 const char *branch1,
+						 const char *branch2,
+						 struct stage_data *dst_entry1,
+						 struct stage_data *dst_entry2)
+{
+	struct rename_df_conflict_info *ci = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct rename_df_conflict_info));
+	ci->rename_type = rename_type;
+	ci->pair1 = pair1;
+	ci->branch1 = branch1;
+	ci->branch2 = branch2;
+
+	ci->dst_entry1 = dst_entry1;
+	dst_entry1->rename_df_conflict_info = ci;
+	dst_entry1->processed = 0;
+
+	assert(!pair2 == !dst_entry2);
+	if (dst_entry2) {
+		ci->dst_entry2 = dst_entry2;
+		ci->pair2 = pair2;
+		dst_entry2->rename_df_conflict_info = ci;
+		dst_entry2->processed = 0;
+	}
+}
+
 static int show(struct merge_options *o, int v)
 {
 	return (!o->call_depth && o->verbosity >= v) || o->verbosity >= 5;
@@ -302,6 +346,63 @@
 	return unmerged;
 }
 
+static void make_room_for_directories_of_df_conflicts(struct merge_options *o,
+						      struct string_list *entries)
+{
+	/* If there are D/F conflicts, and the paths currently exist
+	 * in the working copy as a file, we want to remove them to
+	 * make room for the corresponding directory.  Such paths will
+	 * later be processed in process_df_entry() at the end.  If
+	 * the corresponding directory ends up being removed by the
+	 * merge, then the file will be reinstated at that time;
+	 * otherwise, if the file is not supposed to be removed by the
+	 * merge, the contents of the file will be placed in another
+	 * unique filename.
+	 *
+	 * NOTE: This function relies on the fact that entries for a
+	 * D/F conflict will appear adjacent in the index, with the
+	 * entries for the file appearing before entries for paths
+	 * below the corresponding directory.
+	 */
+	const char *last_file = NULL;
+	int last_len = 0;
+	struct stage_data *last_e;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < entries->nr; i++) {
+		const char *path = entries->items[i].string;
+		int len = strlen(path);
+		struct stage_data *e = entries->items[i].util;
+
+		/*
+		 * Check if last_file & path correspond to a D/F conflict;
+		 * i.e. whether path is last_file+'/'+<something>.
+		 * If so, remove last_file to make room for path and friends.
+		 */
+		if (last_file &&
+		    len > last_len &&
+		    memcmp(path, last_file, last_len) == 0 &&
+		    path[last_len] == '/') {
+			output(o, 3, "Removing %s to make room for subdirectory; may re-add later.", last_file);
+			unlink(last_file);
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Determine whether path could exist as a file in the
+		 * working directory as a possible D/F conflict.  This
+		 * will only occur when it exists in stage 2 as a
+		 * file.
+		 */
+		if (S_ISREG(e->stages[2].mode) || S_ISLNK(e->stages[2].mode)) {
+			last_file = path;
+			last_len = len;
+			last_e = e;
+		} else {
+			last_file = NULL;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 struct rename
 {
 	struct diff_filepair *pair;
@@ -334,6 +435,7 @@
 	opts.rename_limit = o->merge_rename_limit >= 0 ? o->merge_rename_limit :
 			    o->diff_rename_limit >= 0 ? o->diff_rename_limit :
 			    500;
+	opts.rename_score = o->rename_score;
 	opts.warn_on_too_large_rename = 1;
 	opts.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
 	if (diff_setup_done(&opts) < 0)
@@ -373,11 +475,10 @@
 	return renames;
 }
 
-static int update_stages(const char *path, struct diff_filespec *o,
+static int update_stages_options(const char *path, struct diff_filespec *o,
 			 struct diff_filespec *a, struct diff_filespec *b,
-			 int clear)
+			 int clear, int options)
 {
-	int options = ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD | ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_REPLACE;
 	if (clear)
 		if (remove_file_from_cache(path))
 			return -1;
@@ -393,6 +494,34 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int update_stages(const char *path, struct diff_filespec *o,
+			 struct diff_filespec *a, struct diff_filespec *b,
+			 int clear)
+{
+	int options = ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD | ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_REPLACE;
+	return update_stages_options(path, o, a, b, clear, options);
+}
+
+static int update_stages_and_entry(const char *path,
+				   struct stage_data *entry,
+				   struct diff_filespec *o,
+				   struct diff_filespec *a,
+				   struct diff_filespec *b,
+				   int clear)
+{
+	int options;
+
+	entry->processed = 0;
+	entry->stages[1].mode = o->mode;
+	entry->stages[2].mode = a->mode;
+	entry->stages[3].mode = b->mode;
+	hashcpy(entry->stages[1].sha, o->sha1);
+	hashcpy(entry->stages[2].sha, a->sha1);
+	hashcpy(entry->stages[3].sha, b->sha1);
+	options = ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD | ADD_CACHE_SKIP_DFCHECK;
+	return update_stages_options(path, o, a, b, clear, options);
+}
+
 static int remove_file(struct merge_options *o, int clean,
 		       const char *path, int no_wd)
 {
@@ -605,22 +734,26 @@
 		      const char *branch2)
 {
 	mmfile_t orig, src1, src2;
+	struct ll_merge_options ll_opts = {0};
 	char *base_name, *name1, *name2;
 	int merge_status;
-	int favor;
 
-	if (o->call_depth)
-		favor = 0;
-	else {
+	ll_opts.renormalize = o->renormalize;
+	ll_opts.xdl_opts = o->xdl_opts;
+
+	if (o->call_depth) {
+		ll_opts.virtual_ancestor = 1;
+		ll_opts.variant = 0;
+	} else {
 		switch (o->recursive_variant) {
 		case MERGE_RECURSIVE_OURS:
-			favor = XDL_MERGE_FAVOR_OURS;
+			ll_opts.variant = XDL_MERGE_FAVOR_OURS;
 			break;
 		case MERGE_RECURSIVE_THEIRS:
-			favor = XDL_MERGE_FAVOR_THEIRS;
+			ll_opts.variant = XDL_MERGE_FAVOR_THEIRS;
 			break;
 		default:
-			favor = 0;
+			ll_opts.variant = 0;
 			break;
 		}
 	}
@@ -643,10 +776,7 @@
 	read_mmblob(&src2, b->sha1);
 
 	merge_status = ll_merge(result_buf, a->path, &orig, base_name,
-				&src1, name1, &src2, name2,
-				((o->call_depth ? LL_OPT_VIRTUAL_ANCESTOR : 0) |
-				 (o->renormalize ? LL_OPT_RENORMALIZE : 0) |
-				 create_ll_flag(favor)));
+				&src1, name1, &src2, name2, &ll_opts);
 
 	free(name1);
 	free(name2);
@@ -730,29 +860,56 @@
 	return result;
 }
 
-static void conflict_rename_rename(struct merge_options *o,
-				   struct rename *ren1,
-				   const char *branch1,
-				   struct rename *ren2,
-				   const char *branch2)
+static void conflict_rename_delete(struct merge_options *o,
+				   struct diff_filepair *pair,
+				   const char *rename_branch,
+				   const char *other_branch)
 {
+	char *dest_name = pair->two->path;
+	int df_conflict = 0;
+	struct stat st;
+
+	output(o, 1, "CONFLICT (rename/delete): Rename %s->%s in %s "
+	       "and deleted in %s",
+	       pair->one->path, pair->two->path, rename_branch,
+	       other_branch);
+	if (!o->call_depth)
+		update_stages(dest_name, NULL,
+			      rename_branch == o->branch1 ? pair->two : NULL,
+			      rename_branch == o->branch1 ? NULL : pair->two,
+			      1);
+	if (lstat(dest_name, &st) == 0 && S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
+		dest_name = unique_path(o, dest_name, rename_branch);
+		df_conflict = 1;
+	}
+	update_file(o, 0, pair->two->sha1, pair->two->mode, dest_name);
+	if (df_conflict)
+		free(dest_name);
+}
+
+static void conflict_rename_rename_1to2(struct merge_options *o,
+					struct diff_filepair *pair1,
+					const char *branch1,
+					struct diff_filepair *pair2,
+					const char *branch2)
+{
+	/* One file was renamed in both branches, but to different names. */
 	char *del[2];
 	int delp = 0;
-	const char *ren1_dst = ren1->pair->two->path;
-	const char *ren2_dst = ren2->pair->two->path;
+	const char *ren1_dst = pair1->two->path;
+	const char *ren2_dst = pair2->two->path;
 	const char *dst_name1 = ren1_dst;
 	const char *dst_name2 = ren2_dst;
-	if (string_list_has_string(&o->current_directory_set, ren1_dst)) {
+	struct stat st;
+	if (lstat(ren1_dst, &st) == 0 && S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
 		dst_name1 = del[delp++] = unique_path(o, ren1_dst, branch1);
 		output(o, 1, "%s is a directory in %s adding as %s instead",
 		       ren1_dst, branch2, dst_name1);
-		remove_file(o, 0, ren1_dst, 0);
 	}
-	if (string_list_has_string(&o->current_directory_set, ren2_dst)) {
+	if (lstat(ren2_dst, &st) == 0 && S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
 		dst_name2 = del[delp++] = unique_path(o, ren2_dst, branch2);
 		output(o, 1, "%s is a directory in %s adding as %s instead",
 		       ren2_dst, branch1, dst_name2);
-		remove_file(o, 0, ren2_dst, 0);
 	}
 	if (o->call_depth) {
 		remove_file_from_cache(dst_name1);
@@ -760,34 +917,27 @@
 		/*
 		 * Uncomment to leave the conflicting names in the resulting tree
 		 *
-		 * update_file(o, 0, ren1->pair->two->sha1, ren1->pair->two->mode, dst_name1);
-		 * update_file(o, 0, ren2->pair->two->sha1, ren2->pair->two->mode, dst_name2);
+		 * update_file(o, 0, pair1->two->sha1, pair1->two->mode, dst_name1);
+		 * update_file(o, 0, pair2->two->sha1, pair2->two->mode, dst_name2);
 		 */
 	} else {
-		update_stages(dst_name1, NULL, ren1->pair->two, NULL, 1);
-		update_stages(dst_name2, NULL, NULL, ren2->pair->two, 1);
+		update_stages(ren1_dst, NULL, pair1->two, NULL, 1);
+		update_stages(ren2_dst, NULL, NULL, pair2->two, 1);
+
+		update_file(o, 0, pair1->two->sha1, pair1->two->mode, dst_name1);
+		update_file(o, 0, pair2->two->sha1, pair2->two->mode, dst_name2);
 	}
 	while (delp--)
 		free(del[delp]);
 }
 
-static void conflict_rename_dir(struct merge_options *o,
-				struct rename *ren1,
-				const char *branch1)
+static void conflict_rename_rename_2to1(struct merge_options *o,
+					struct rename *ren1,
+					const char *branch1,
+					struct rename *ren2,
+					const char *branch2)
 {
-	char *new_path = unique_path(o, ren1->pair->two->path, branch1);
-	output(o, 1, "Renaming %s to %s instead", ren1->pair->one->path, new_path);
-	remove_file(o, 0, ren1->pair->two->path, 0);
-	update_file(o, 0, ren1->pair->two->sha1, ren1->pair->two->mode, new_path);
-	free(new_path);
-}
-
-static void conflict_rename_rename_2(struct merge_options *o,
-				     struct rename *ren1,
-				     const char *branch1,
-				     struct rename *ren2,
-				     const char *branch2)
-{
+	/* Two files were renamed to the same thing. */
 	char *new_path1 = unique_path(o, ren1->pair->two->path, branch1);
 	char *new_path2 = unique_path(o, ren2->pair->two->path, branch2);
 	output(o, 1, "Renaming %s to %s and %s to %s instead",
@@ -877,84 +1027,60 @@
 			ren2->dst_entry->processed = 1;
 			ren2->processed = 1;
 			if (strcmp(ren1_dst, ren2_dst) != 0) {
-				clean_merge = 0;
-				output(o, 1, "CONFLICT (rename/rename): "
-				       "Rename \"%s\"->\"%s\" in branch \"%s\" "
-				       "rename \"%s\"->\"%s\" in \"%s\"%s",
-				       src, ren1_dst, branch1,
-				       src, ren2_dst, branch2,
-				       o->call_depth ? " (left unresolved)": "");
-				if (o->call_depth) {
-					remove_file_from_cache(src);
-					update_file(o, 0, ren1->pair->one->sha1,
-						    ren1->pair->one->mode, src);
-				}
-				conflict_rename_rename(o, ren1, branch1, ren2, branch2);
+				setup_rename_df_conflict_info(RENAME_ONE_FILE_TO_TWO,
+							      ren1->pair,
+							      ren2->pair,
+							      branch1,
+							      branch2,
+							      ren1->dst_entry,
+							      ren2->dst_entry);
 			} else {
-				struct merge_file_info mfi;
 				remove_file(o, 1, ren1_src, 1);
-				mfi = merge_file(o,
-						 ren1->pair->one,
-						 ren1->pair->two,
-						 ren2->pair->two,
-						 branch1,
-						 branch2);
-				if (mfi.merge || !mfi.clean)
-					output(o, 1, "Renaming %s->%s", src, ren1_dst);
-
-				if (mfi.merge)
-					output(o, 2, "Auto-merging %s", ren1_dst);
-
-				if (!mfi.clean) {
-					output(o, 1, "CONFLICT (content): merge conflict in %s",
-					       ren1_dst);
-					clean_merge = 0;
-
-					if (!o->call_depth)
-						update_stages(ren1_dst,
-							      ren1->pair->one,
-							      ren1->pair->two,
-							      ren2->pair->two,
-							      1 /* clear */);
-				}
-				update_file(o, mfi.clean, mfi.sha, mfi.mode, ren1_dst);
+				update_stages_and_entry(ren1_dst,
+							ren1->dst_entry,
+							ren1->pair->one,
+							ren1->pair->two,
+							ren2->pair->two,
+							1 /* clear */);
 			}
 		} else {
 			/* Renamed in 1, maybe changed in 2 */
 			struct string_list_item *item;
 			/* we only use sha1 and mode of these */
 			struct diff_filespec src_other, dst_other;
-			int try_merge, stage = a_renames == renames1 ? 3: 2;
+			int try_merge;
 
-			remove_file(o, 1, ren1_src, o->call_depth || stage == 3);
+			/*
+			 * unpack_trees loads entries from common-commit
+			 * into stage 1, from head-commit into stage 2, and
+			 * from merge-commit into stage 3.  We keep track
+			 * of which side corresponds to the rename.
+			 */
+			int renamed_stage = a_renames == renames1 ? 2 : 3;
+			int other_stage =   a_renames == renames1 ? 3 : 2;
 
-			hashcpy(src_other.sha1, ren1->src_entry->stages[stage].sha);
-			src_other.mode = ren1->src_entry->stages[stage].mode;
-			hashcpy(dst_other.sha1, ren1->dst_entry->stages[stage].sha);
-			dst_other.mode = ren1->dst_entry->stages[stage].mode;
+			remove_file(o, 1, ren1_src, o->call_depth || renamed_stage == 2);
 
+			hashcpy(src_other.sha1, ren1->src_entry->stages[other_stage].sha);
+			src_other.mode = ren1->src_entry->stages[other_stage].mode;
+			hashcpy(dst_other.sha1, ren1->dst_entry->stages[other_stage].sha);
+			dst_other.mode = ren1->dst_entry->stages[other_stage].mode;
 			try_merge = 0;
 
-			if (string_list_has_string(&o->current_directory_set, ren1_dst)) {
-				clean_merge = 0;
-				output(o, 1, "CONFLICT (rename/directory): Rename %s->%s in %s "
-				       " directory %s added in %s",
-				       ren1_src, ren1_dst, branch1,
-				       ren1_dst, branch2);
-				conflict_rename_dir(o, ren1, branch1);
-			} else if (sha_eq(src_other.sha1, null_sha1)) {
-				clean_merge = 0;
-				output(o, 1, "CONFLICT (rename/delete): Rename %s->%s in %s "
-				       "and deleted in %s",
-				       ren1_src, ren1_dst, branch1,
-				       branch2);
-				update_file(o, 0, ren1->pair->two->sha1, ren1->pair->two->mode, ren1_dst);
-				if (!o->call_depth)
-					update_stages(ren1_dst, NULL,
-							branch1 == o->branch1 ?
-							ren1->pair->two : NULL,
-							branch1 == o->branch1 ?
-							NULL : ren1->pair->two, 1);
+			if (sha_eq(src_other.sha1, null_sha1)) {
+				if (string_list_has_string(&o->current_directory_set, ren1_dst)) {
+					ren1->dst_entry->processed = 0;
+					setup_rename_df_conflict_info(RENAME_DELETE,
+								      ren1->pair,
+								      NULL,
+								      branch1,
+								      branch2,
+								      ren1->dst_entry,
+								      NULL);
+				} else {
+					clean_merge = 0;
+					conflict_rename_delete(o, ren1->pair, branch1, branch2);
+				}
 			} else if ((dst_other.mode == ren1->pair->two->mode) &&
 				   sha_eq(dst_other.sha1, ren1->pair->two->sha1)) {
 				/* Added file on the other side
@@ -989,6 +1115,7 @@
 						    mfi.sha,
 						    mfi.mode,
 						    ren1_dst);
+					try_merge = 0;
 				} else {
 					new_path = unique_path(o, ren1_dst, branch2);
 					output(o, 1, "Adding as %s instead", new_path);
@@ -1003,13 +1130,12 @@
 				       "Rename %s->%s in %s",
 				       ren1_src, ren1_dst, branch1,
 				       ren2->pair->one->path, ren2->pair->two->path, branch2);
-				conflict_rename_rename_2(o, ren1, branch1, ren2, branch2);
+				conflict_rename_rename_2to1(o, ren1, branch1, ren2, branch2);
 			} else
 				try_merge = 1;
 
 			if (try_merge) {
 				struct diff_filespec *one, *a, *b;
-				struct merge_file_info mfi;
 				src_other.path = (char *)ren1_src;
 
 				one = ren1->pair->one;
@@ -1020,41 +1146,15 @@
 					b = ren1->pair->two;
 					a = &src_other;
 				}
-				mfi = merge_file(o, one, a, b,
-						o->branch1, o->branch2);
-
-				if (mfi.clean &&
-				    sha_eq(mfi.sha, ren1->pair->two->sha1) &&
-				    mfi.mode == ren1->pair->two->mode) {
-					/*
-					 * This message is part of
-					 * t6022 test. If you change
-					 * it update the test too.
-					 */
-					output(o, 3, "Skipped %s (merged same as existing)", ren1_dst);
-
-					/* There may be higher stage entries left
-					 * in the index (e.g. due to a D/F
-					 * conflict) that need to be resolved.
-					 */
-					if (!ren1->dst_entry->stages[2].mode !=
-					    !ren1->dst_entry->stages[3].mode)
-						ren1->dst_entry->processed = 0;
-				} else {
-					if (mfi.merge || !mfi.clean)
-						output(o, 1, "Renaming %s => %s", ren1_src, ren1_dst);
-					if (mfi.merge)
-						output(o, 2, "Auto-merging %s", ren1_dst);
-					if (!mfi.clean) {
-						output(o, 1, "CONFLICT (rename/modify): Merge conflict in %s",
-						       ren1_dst);
-						clean_merge = 0;
-
-						if (!o->call_depth)
-							update_stages(ren1_dst,
-								      one, a, b, 1);
-					}
-					update_file(o, mfi.clean, mfi.sha, mfi.mode, ren1_dst);
+				update_stages_and_entry(ren1_dst, ren1->dst_entry, one, a, b, 1);
+				if (string_list_has_string(&o->current_directory_set, ren1_dst)) {
+					setup_rename_df_conflict_info(RENAME_NORMAL,
+								      ren1->pair,
+								      NULL,
+								      branch1,
+								      NULL,
+								      ren1->dst_entry,
+								      NULL);
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -1117,6 +1217,90 @@
 	return ret;
 }
 
+static void handle_delete_modify(struct merge_options *o,
+				 const char *path,
+				 const char *new_path,
+				 unsigned char *a_sha, int a_mode,
+				 unsigned char *b_sha, int b_mode)
+{
+	if (!a_sha) {
+		output(o, 1, "CONFLICT (delete/modify): %s deleted in %s "
+		       "and modified in %s. Version %s of %s left in tree%s%s.",
+		       path, o->branch1,
+		       o->branch2, o->branch2, path,
+		       path == new_path ? "" : " at ",
+		       path == new_path ? "" : new_path);
+		update_file(o, 0, b_sha, b_mode, new_path);
+	} else {
+		output(o, 1, "CONFLICT (delete/modify): %s deleted in %s "
+		       "and modified in %s. Version %s of %s left in tree%s%s.",
+		       path, o->branch2,
+		       o->branch1, o->branch1, path,
+		       path == new_path ? "" : " at ",
+		       path == new_path ? "" : new_path);
+		update_file(o, 0, a_sha, a_mode, new_path);
+	}
+}
+
+static int merge_content(struct merge_options *o,
+			 const char *path,
+			 unsigned char *o_sha, int o_mode,
+			 unsigned char *a_sha, int a_mode,
+			 unsigned char *b_sha, int b_mode,
+			 const char *df_rename_conflict_branch)
+{
+	const char *reason = "content";
+	struct merge_file_info mfi;
+	struct diff_filespec one, a, b;
+	struct stat st;
+	unsigned df_conflict_remains = 0;
+
+	if (!o_sha) {
+		reason = "add/add";
+		o_sha = (unsigned char *)null_sha1;
+	}
+	one.path = a.path = b.path = (char *)path;
+	hashcpy(one.sha1, o_sha);
+	one.mode = o_mode;
+	hashcpy(a.sha1, a_sha);
+	a.mode = a_mode;
+	hashcpy(b.sha1, b_sha);
+	b.mode = b_mode;
+
+	mfi = merge_file(o, &one, &a, &b, o->branch1, o->branch2);
+	if (df_rename_conflict_branch &&
+	    lstat(path, &st) == 0 && S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
+		df_conflict_remains = 1;
+	}
+
+	if (mfi.clean && !df_conflict_remains &&
+	    sha_eq(mfi.sha, a_sha) && mfi.mode == a.mode)
+		output(o, 3, "Skipped %s (merged same as existing)", path);
+	else
+		output(o, 2, "Auto-merging %s", path);
+
+	if (!mfi.clean) {
+		if (S_ISGITLINK(mfi.mode))
+			reason = "submodule";
+		output(o, 1, "CONFLICT (%s): Merge conflict in %s",
+				reason, path);
+	}
+
+	if (df_conflict_remains) {
+		const char *new_path;
+		update_file_flags(o, mfi.sha, mfi.mode, path,
+				  o->call_depth || mfi.clean, 0);
+		new_path = unique_path(o, path, df_rename_conflict_branch);
+		mfi.clean = 0;
+		output(o, 1, "Adding as %s instead", new_path);
+		update_file_flags(o, mfi.sha, mfi.mode, new_path, 0, 1);
+	} else {
+		update_file(o, mfi.clean, mfi.sha, mfi.mode, path);
+	}
+	return mfi.clean;
+
+}
+
 /* Per entry merge function */
 static int process_entry(struct merge_options *o,
 			 const char *path, struct stage_data *entry)
@@ -1134,6 +1318,9 @@
 	unsigned char *a_sha = stage_sha(entry->stages[2].sha, a_mode);
 	unsigned char *b_sha = stage_sha(entry->stages[3].sha, b_mode);
 
+	if (entry->rename_df_conflict_info)
+		return 1; /* Such cases are handled elsewhere. */
+
 	entry->processed = 1;
 	if (o_sha && (!a_sha || !b_sha)) {
 		/* Case A: Deleted in one */
@@ -1146,22 +1333,15 @@
 				output(o, 2, "Removing %s", path);
 			/* do not touch working file if it did not exist */
 			remove_file(o, 1, path, !a_sha);
+		} else if (string_list_has_string(&o->current_directory_set,
+						  path)) {
+			entry->processed = 0;
+			return 1; /* Assume clean until processed */
 		} else {
 			/* Deleted in one and changed in the other */
 			clean_merge = 0;
-			if (!a_sha) {
-				output(o, 1, "CONFLICT (delete/modify): %s deleted in %s "
-				       "and modified in %s. Version %s of %s left in tree.",
-				       path, o->branch1,
-				       o->branch2, o->branch2, path);
-				update_file(o, 0, b_sha, b_mode, path);
-			} else {
-				output(o, 1, "CONFLICT (delete/modify): %s deleted in %s "
-				       "and modified in %s. Version %s of %s left in tree.",
-				       path, o->branch2,
-				       o->branch1, o->branch1, path);
-				update_file(o, 0, a_sha, a_mode, path);
-			}
+			handle_delete_modify(o, path, path,
+					     a_sha, a_mode, b_sha, b_mode);
 		}
 
 	} else if ((!o_sha && a_sha && !b_sha) ||
@@ -1180,15 +1360,7 @@
 		if (string_list_has_string(&o->current_directory_set, path)) {
 			/* Handle D->F conflicts after all subfiles */
 			entry->processed = 0;
-			/* But get any file out of the way now, so conflicted
-			 * entries below the directory of the same name can
-			 * be put in the working directory.
-			 */
-			if (a_sha)
-				output(o, 2, "Removing %s", path);
-			/* do not touch working file if it did not exist */
-			remove_file(o, 0, path, !a_sha);
-			return 1; /* Assume clean till processed */
+			return 1; /* Assume clean until processed */
 		} else {
 			output(o, 2, "Adding %s", path);
 			update_file(o, 1, sha, mode, path);
@@ -1196,34 +1368,9 @@
 	} else if (a_sha && b_sha) {
 		/* Case C: Added in both (check for same permissions) and */
 		/* case D: Modified in both, but differently. */
-		const char *reason = "content";
-		struct merge_file_info mfi;
-		struct diff_filespec one, a, b;
-
-		if (!o_sha) {
-			reason = "add/add";
-			o_sha = (unsigned char *)null_sha1;
-		}
-		output(o, 2, "Auto-merging %s", path);
-		one.path = a.path = b.path = (char *)path;
-		hashcpy(one.sha1, o_sha);
-		one.mode = o_mode;
-		hashcpy(a.sha1, a_sha);
-		a.mode = a_mode;
-		hashcpy(b.sha1, b_sha);
-		b.mode = b_mode;
-
-		mfi = merge_file(o, &one, &a, &b,
-				 o->branch1, o->branch2);
-
-		clean_merge = mfi.clean;
-		if (!mfi.clean) {
-			if (S_ISGITLINK(mfi.mode))
-				reason = "submodule";
-			output(o, 1, "CONFLICT (%s): Merge conflict in %s",
-					reason, path);
-		}
-		update_file(o, mfi.clean, mfi.sha, mfi.mode, path);
+		clean_merge = merge_content(o, path,
+					    o_sha, o_mode, a_sha, a_mode, b_sha, b_mode,
+					    NULL);
 	} else if (!o_sha && !a_sha && !b_sha) {
 		/*
 		 * this entry was deleted altogether. a_mode == 0 means
@@ -1237,13 +1384,19 @@
 }
 
 /*
- * Per entry merge function for D/F conflicts, to be called only after
- * all files below dir have been processed.  We do this because in the
- * cases we can cleanly resolve D/F conflicts, process_entry() can clean
- * out all the files below the directory for us.
+ * Per entry merge function for D/F (and/or rename) conflicts.  In the
+ * cases we can cleanly resolve D/F conflicts, process_entry() can
+ * clean out all the files below the directory for us.  All D/F
+ * conflict cases must be handled here at the end to make sure any
+ * directories that can be cleaned out, are.
+ *
+ * Some rename conflicts may also be handled here that don't necessarily
+ * involve D/F conflicts, since the code to handle them is generic enough
+ * to handle those rename conflicts with or without D/F conflicts also
+ * being involved.
  */
 static int process_df_entry(struct merge_options *o,
-			 const char *path, struct stage_data *entry)
+			    const char *path, struct stage_data *entry)
 {
 	int clean_merge = 1;
 	unsigned o_mode = entry->stages[1].mode;
@@ -1252,43 +1405,91 @@
 	unsigned char *o_sha = stage_sha(entry->stages[1].sha, o_mode);
 	unsigned char *a_sha = stage_sha(entry->stages[2].sha, a_mode);
 	unsigned char *b_sha = stage_sha(entry->stages[3].sha, b_mode);
-	const char *add_branch;
-	const char *other_branch;
-	unsigned mode;
-	const unsigned char *sha;
-	const char *conf;
 	struct stat st;
 
-	/* We currently only handle D->F cases */
-	assert((!o_sha && a_sha && !b_sha) ||
-	       (!o_sha && !a_sha && b_sha));
-
 	entry->processed = 1;
-
-	if (a_sha) {
-		add_branch = o->branch1;
-		other_branch = o->branch2;
-		mode = a_mode;
-		sha = a_sha;
-		conf = "file/directory";
-	} else {
-		add_branch = o->branch2;
-		other_branch = o->branch1;
-		mode = b_mode;
-		sha = b_sha;
-		conf = "directory/file";
-	}
-	if (lstat(path, &st) == 0 && S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
-		const char *new_path = unique_path(o, path, add_branch);
+	if (entry->rename_df_conflict_info) {
+		struct rename_df_conflict_info *conflict_info = entry->rename_df_conflict_info;
+		char *src;
+		switch (conflict_info->rename_type) {
+		case RENAME_NORMAL:
+			clean_merge = merge_content(o, path,
+						    o_sha, o_mode, a_sha, a_mode, b_sha, b_mode,
+						    conflict_info->branch1);
+			break;
+		case RENAME_DELETE:
+			clean_merge = 0;
+			conflict_rename_delete(o, conflict_info->pair1,
+					       conflict_info->branch1,
+					       conflict_info->branch2);
+			break;
+		case RENAME_ONE_FILE_TO_TWO:
+			src = conflict_info->pair1->one->path;
+			clean_merge = 0;
+			output(o, 1, "CONFLICT (rename/rename): "
+			       "Rename \"%s\"->\"%s\" in branch \"%s\" "
+			       "rename \"%s\"->\"%s\" in \"%s\"%s",
+			       src, conflict_info->pair1->two->path, conflict_info->branch1,
+			       src, conflict_info->pair2->two->path, conflict_info->branch2,
+			       o->call_depth ? " (left unresolved)" : "");
+			if (o->call_depth) {
+				remove_file_from_cache(src);
+				update_file(o, 0, conflict_info->pair1->one->sha1,
+					    conflict_info->pair1->one->mode, src);
+			}
+			conflict_rename_rename_1to2(o, conflict_info->pair1,
+						    conflict_info->branch1,
+						    conflict_info->pair2,
+						    conflict_info->branch2);
+			conflict_info->dst_entry2->processed = 1;
+			break;
+		default:
+			entry->processed = 0;
+			break;
+		}
+	} else if (o_sha && (!a_sha || !b_sha)) {
+		/* Modify/delete; deleted side may have put a directory in the way */
+		const char *new_path = path;
+		if (lstat(path, &st) == 0 && S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
+			new_path = unique_path(o, path, a_sha ? o->branch1 : o->branch2);
 		clean_merge = 0;
-		output(o, 1, "CONFLICT (%s): There is a directory with name %s in %s. "
-		       "Adding %s as %s",
-		       conf, path, other_branch, path, new_path);
-		remove_file(o, 0, path, 0);
-		update_file(o, 0, sha, mode, new_path);
+		handle_delete_modify(o, path, new_path,
+				     a_sha, a_mode, b_sha, b_mode);
+	} else if (!o_sha && !!a_sha != !!b_sha) {
+		/* directory -> (directory, file) */
+		const char *add_branch;
+		const char *other_branch;
+		unsigned mode;
+		const unsigned char *sha;
+		const char *conf;
+
+		if (a_sha) {
+			add_branch = o->branch1;
+			other_branch = o->branch2;
+			mode = a_mode;
+			sha = a_sha;
+			conf = "file/directory";
+		} else {
+			add_branch = o->branch2;
+			other_branch = o->branch1;
+			mode = b_mode;
+			sha = b_sha;
+			conf = "directory/file";
+		}
+		if (lstat(path, &st) == 0 && S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
+			const char *new_path = unique_path(o, path, add_branch);
+			clean_merge = 0;
+			output(o, 1, "CONFLICT (%s): There is a directory with name %s in %s. "
+			       "Adding %s as %s",
+			       conf, path, other_branch, path, new_path);
+			update_file(o, 0, sha, mode, new_path);
+		} else {
+			output(o, 2, "Adding %s", path);
+			update_file(o, 1, sha, mode, path);
+		}
 	} else {
-		output(o, 2, "Adding %s", path);
-		update_file(o, 1, sha, mode, path);
+		entry->processed = 0;
+		return 1; /* not handled; assume clean until processed */
 	}
 
 	return clean_merge;
@@ -1333,6 +1534,7 @@
 		get_files_dirs(o, merge);
 
 		entries = get_unmerged();
+		make_room_for_directories_of_df_conflicts(o, entries);
 		re_head  = get_renames(o, head, common, head, merge, entries);
 		re_merge = get_renames(o, merge, common, head, merge, entries);
 		clean = process_renames(o, re_head, re_merge);
@@ -1350,6 +1552,12 @@
 				&& !process_df_entry(o, path, e))
 				clean = 0;
 		}
+		for (i = 0; i < entries->nr; i++) {
+			struct stage_data *e = entries->items[i].util;
+			if (!e->processed)
+				die("Unprocessed path??? %s",
+				    entries->items[i].string);
+		}
 
 		string_list_clear(re_merge, 0);
 		string_list_clear(re_head, 0);
@@ -1550,3 +1758,37 @@
 	memset(&o->current_directory_set, 0, sizeof(struct string_list));
 	o->current_directory_set.strdup_strings = 1;
 }
+
+int parse_merge_opt(struct merge_options *o, const char *s)
+{
+	if (!s || !*s)
+		return -1;
+	if (!strcmp(s, "ours"))
+		o->recursive_variant = MERGE_RECURSIVE_OURS;
+	else if (!strcmp(s, "theirs"))
+		o->recursive_variant = MERGE_RECURSIVE_THEIRS;
+	else if (!strcmp(s, "subtree"))
+		o->subtree_shift = "";
+	else if (!prefixcmp(s, "subtree="))
+		o->subtree_shift = s + strlen("subtree=");
+	else if (!strcmp(s, "patience"))
+		o->xdl_opts |= XDF_PATIENCE_DIFF;
+	else if (!strcmp(s, "ignore-space-change"))
+		o->xdl_opts |= XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE_CHANGE;
+	else if (!strcmp(s, "ignore-all-space"))
+		o->xdl_opts |= XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE;
+	else if (!strcmp(s, "ignore-space-at-eol"))
+		o->xdl_opts |= XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE_AT_EOL;
+	else if (!strcmp(s, "renormalize"))
+		o->renormalize = 1;
+	else if (!strcmp(s, "no-renormalize"))
+		o->renormalize = 0;
+	else if (!prefixcmp(s, "rename-threshold=")) {
+		const char *score = s + strlen("rename-threshold=");
+		if ((o->rename_score = parse_rename_score(&score)) == -1 || *score != 0)
+			return -1;
+	}
+	else
+		return -1;
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/merge-recursive.h b/merge-recursive.h
index 34492db..c8135b0 100644
--- a/merge-recursive.h
+++ b/merge-recursive.h
@@ -15,9 +15,11 @@
 	const char *subtree_shift;
 	unsigned buffer_output : 1;
 	unsigned renormalize : 1;
+	long xdl_opts;
 	int verbosity;
 	int diff_rename_limit;
 	int merge_rename_limit;
+	int rename_score;
 	int call_depth;
 	struct strbuf obuf;
 	struct string_list current_file_set;
@@ -52,6 +54,8 @@
 void init_merge_options(struct merge_options *o);
 struct tree *write_tree_from_memory(struct merge_options *o);
 
+int parse_merge_opt(struct merge_options *out, const char *s);
+
 /* builtin/merge.c */
 int try_merge_command(const char *strategy, struct commit_list *common, const char *head_arg, struct commit_list *remotes);
 
diff --git a/name-hash.c b/name-hash.c
index 0031d78..c6b6a3f 100644
--- a/name-hash.c
+++ b/name-hash.c
@@ -32,6 +32,42 @@
 	return hash;
 }
 
+static void hash_index_entry_directories(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Throw each directory component in the hash for quick lookup
+	 * during a git status. Directory components are stored with their
+	 * closing slash.  Despite submodules being a directory, they never
+	 * reach this point, because they are stored without a closing slash
+	 * in the cache.
+	 *
+	 * Note that the cache_entry stored with the directory does not
+	 * represent the directory itself.  It is a pointer to an existing
+	 * filename, and its only purpose is to represent existence of the
+	 * directory in the cache.  It is very possible multiple directory
+	 * hash entries may point to the same cache_entry.
+	 */
+	unsigned int hash;
+	void **pos;
+
+	const char *ptr = ce->name;
+	while (*ptr) {
+		while (*ptr && *ptr != '/')
+			++ptr;
+		if (*ptr == '/') {
+			++ptr;
+			hash = hash_name(ce->name, ptr - ce->name);
+			if (!lookup_hash(hash, &istate->name_hash)) {
+				pos = insert_hash(hash, ce, &istate->name_hash);
+				if (pos) {
+					ce->next = *pos;
+					*pos = ce;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 static void hash_index_entry(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce)
 {
 	void **pos;
@@ -47,6 +83,9 @@
 		ce->next = *pos;
 		*pos = ce;
 	}
+
+	if (ignore_case)
+		hash_index_entry_directories(istate, ce);
 }
 
 static void lazy_init_name_hash(struct index_state *istate)
@@ -97,7 +136,21 @@
 	if (len == namelen && !cache_name_compare(name, namelen, ce->name, len))
 		return 1;
 
-	return icase && slow_same_name(name, namelen, ce->name, len);
+	if (!icase)
+		return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * If the entry we're comparing is a filename (no trailing slash), then compare
+	 * the lengths exactly.
+	 */
+	if (name[namelen - 1] != '/')
+		return slow_same_name(name, namelen, ce->name, len);
+
+	/*
+	 * For a directory, we point to an arbitrary cache_entry filename.  Just
+	 * make sure the directory portion matches.
+	 */
+	return slow_same_name(name, namelen, ce->name, namelen < len ? namelen : len);
 }
 
 struct cache_entry *index_name_exists(struct index_state *istate, const char *name, int namelen, int icase)
@@ -115,5 +168,22 @@
 		}
 		ce = ce->next;
 	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Might be a submodule.  Despite submodules being directories,
+	 * they are stored in the name hash without a closing slash.
+	 * When ignore_case is 1, directories are stored in the name hash
+	 * with their closing slash.
+	 *
+	 * The side effect of this storage technique is we have need to
+	 * remove the slash from name and perform the lookup again without
+	 * the slash.  If a match is made, S_ISGITLINK(ce->mode) will be
+	 * true.
+	 */
+	if (icase && name[namelen - 1] == '/') {
+		ce = index_name_exists(istate, name, namelen - 1, icase);
+		if (ce && S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode))
+			return ce;
+	}
 	return NULL;
 }
diff --git a/notes-cache.c b/notes-cache.c
index dee6d62..4c8984e 100644
--- a/notes-cache.c
+++ b/notes-cache.c
@@ -89,6 +89,5 @@
 
 	if (write_sha1_file(data, size, "blob", value_sha1) < 0)
 		return -1;
-	add_note(&c->tree, key_sha1, value_sha1, NULL);
-	return 0;
+	return add_note(&c->tree, key_sha1, value_sha1, NULL);
 }
diff --git a/notes-merge.c b/notes-merge.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..71c4d45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/notes-merge.c
@@ -0,0 +1,737 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "diffcore.h"
+#include "xdiff-interface.h"
+#include "ll-merge.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+#include "notes.h"
+#include "notes-merge.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+
+struct notes_merge_pair {
+	unsigned char obj[20], base[20], local[20], remote[20];
+};
+
+void init_notes_merge_options(struct notes_merge_options *o)
+{
+	memset(o, 0, sizeof(struct notes_merge_options));
+	strbuf_init(&(o->commit_msg), 0);
+	o->verbosity = NOTES_MERGE_VERBOSITY_DEFAULT;
+}
+
+#define OUTPUT(o, v, ...) \
+	do { \
+		if ((o)->verbosity >= (v)) { \
+			printf(__VA_ARGS__); \
+			puts(""); \
+		} \
+	} while (0)
+
+static int path_to_sha1(const char *path, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	char hex_sha1[40];
+	int i = 0;
+	while (*path && i < 40) {
+		if (*path != '/')
+			hex_sha1[i++] = *path;
+		path++;
+	}
+	if (*path || i != 40)
+		return -1;
+	return get_sha1_hex(hex_sha1, sha1);
+}
+
+static int verify_notes_filepair(struct diff_filepair *p, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	switch (p->status) {
+	case DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED:
+		assert(p->one->mode == p->two->mode);
+		assert(!is_null_sha1(p->one->sha1));
+		assert(!is_null_sha1(p->two->sha1));
+		break;
+	case DIFF_STATUS_ADDED:
+		assert(is_null_sha1(p->one->sha1));
+		break;
+	case DIFF_STATUS_DELETED:
+		assert(is_null_sha1(p->two->sha1));
+		break;
+	default:
+		return -1;
+	}
+	assert(!strcmp(p->one->path, p->two->path));
+	return path_to_sha1(p->one->path, sha1);
+}
+
+static struct notes_merge_pair *find_notes_merge_pair_pos(
+		struct notes_merge_pair *list, int len, unsigned char *obj,
+		int insert_new, int *occupied)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Both diff_tree_remote() and diff_tree_local() tend to process
+	 * merge_pairs in ascending order. Therefore, cache last returned
+	 * index, and search sequentially from there until the appropriate
+	 * position is found.
+	 *
+	 * Since inserts only happen from diff_tree_remote() (which mainly
+	 * _appends_), we don't care that inserting into the middle of the
+	 * list is expensive (using memmove()).
+	 */
+	static int last_index;
+	int i = last_index < len ? last_index : len - 1;
+	int prev_cmp = 0, cmp = -1;
+	while (i >= 0 && i < len) {
+		cmp = hashcmp(obj, list[i].obj);
+		if (!cmp) /* obj belongs @ i */
+			break;
+		else if (cmp < 0 && prev_cmp <= 0) /* obj belongs < i */
+			i--;
+		else if (cmp < 0) /* obj belongs between i-1 and i */
+			break;
+		else if (cmp > 0 && prev_cmp >= 0) /* obj belongs > i */
+			i++;
+		else /* if (cmp > 0) */ { /* obj belongs between i and i+1 */
+			i++;
+			break;
+		}
+		prev_cmp = cmp;
+	}
+	if (i < 0)
+		i = 0;
+	/* obj belongs at, or immediately preceding, index i (0 <= i <= len) */
+
+	if (!cmp)
+		*occupied = 1;
+	else {
+		*occupied = 0;
+		if (insert_new && i < len) {
+			memmove(list + i + 1, list + i,
+				(len - i) * sizeof(struct notes_merge_pair));
+			memset(list + i, 0, sizeof(struct notes_merge_pair));
+		}
+	}
+	last_index = i;
+	return list + i;
+}
+
+static unsigned char uninitialized[20] =
+	"\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff" \
+	"\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff";
+
+static struct notes_merge_pair *diff_tree_remote(struct notes_merge_options *o,
+						 const unsigned char *base,
+						 const unsigned char *remote,
+						 int *num_changes)
+{
+	struct diff_options opt;
+	struct notes_merge_pair *changes;
+	int i, len = 0;
+
+	trace_printf("\tdiff_tree_remote(base = %.7s, remote = %.7s)\n",
+	       sha1_to_hex(base), sha1_to_hex(remote));
+
+	diff_setup(&opt);
+	DIFF_OPT_SET(&opt, RECURSIVE);
+	opt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
+	if (diff_setup_done(&opt) < 0)
+		die("diff_setup_done failed");
+	diff_tree_sha1(base, remote, "", &opt);
+	diffcore_std(&opt);
+
+	changes = xcalloc(diff_queued_diff.nr, sizeof(struct notes_merge_pair));
+
+	for (i = 0; i < diff_queued_diff.nr; i++) {
+		struct diff_filepair *p = diff_queued_diff.queue[i];
+		struct notes_merge_pair *mp;
+		int occupied;
+		unsigned char obj[20];
+
+		if (verify_notes_filepair(p, obj)) {
+			trace_printf("\t\tCannot merge entry '%s' (%c): "
+			       "%.7s -> %.7s. Skipping!\n", p->one->path,
+			       p->status, sha1_to_hex(p->one->sha1),
+			       sha1_to_hex(p->two->sha1));
+			continue;
+		}
+		mp = find_notes_merge_pair_pos(changes, len, obj, 1, &occupied);
+		if (occupied) {
+			/* We've found an addition/deletion pair */
+			assert(!hashcmp(mp->obj, obj));
+			if (is_null_sha1(p->one->sha1)) { /* addition */
+				assert(is_null_sha1(mp->remote));
+				hashcpy(mp->remote, p->two->sha1);
+			} else if (is_null_sha1(p->two->sha1)) { /* deletion */
+				assert(is_null_sha1(mp->base));
+				hashcpy(mp->base, p->one->sha1);
+			} else
+				assert(!"Invalid existing change recorded");
+		} else {
+			hashcpy(mp->obj, obj);
+			hashcpy(mp->base, p->one->sha1);
+			hashcpy(mp->local, uninitialized);
+			hashcpy(mp->remote, p->two->sha1);
+			len++;
+		}
+		trace_printf("\t\tStored remote change for %s: %.7s -> %.7s\n",
+		       sha1_to_hex(mp->obj), sha1_to_hex(mp->base),
+		       sha1_to_hex(mp->remote));
+	}
+	diff_flush(&opt);
+	diff_tree_release_paths(&opt);
+
+	*num_changes = len;
+	return changes;
+}
+
+static void diff_tree_local(struct notes_merge_options *o,
+			    struct notes_merge_pair *changes, int len,
+			    const unsigned char *base,
+			    const unsigned char *local)
+{
+	struct diff_options opt;
+	int i;
+
+	trace_printf("\tdiff_tree_local(len = %i, base = %.7s, local = %.7s)\n",
+	       len, sha1_to_hex(base), sha1_to_hex(local));
+
+	diff_setup(&opt);
+	DIFF_OPT_SET(&opt, RECURSIVE);
+	opt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
+	if (diff_setup_done(&opt) < 0)
+		die("diff_setup_done failed");
+	diff_tree_sha1(base, local, "", &opt);
+	diffcore_std(&opt);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < diff_queued_diff.nr; i++) {
+		struct diff_filepair *p = diff_queued_diff.queue[i];
+		struct notes_merge_pair *mp;
+		int match;
+		unsigned char obj[20];
+
+		if (verify_notes_filepair(p, obj)) {
+			trace_printf("\t\tCannot merge entry '%s' (%c): "
+			       "%.7s -> %.7s. Skipping!\n", p->one->path,
+			       p->status, sha1_to_hex(p->one->sha1),
+			       sha1_to_hex(p->two->sha1));
+			continue;
+		}
+		mp = find_notes_merge_pair_pos(changes, len, obj, 0, &match);
+		if (!match) {
+			trace_printf("\t\tIgnoring local-only change for %s: "
+			       "%.7s -> %.7s\n", sha1_to_hex(obj),
+			       sha1_to_hex(p->one->sha1),
+			       sha1_to_hex(p->two->sha1));
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		assert(!hashcmp(mp->obj, obj));
+		if (is_null_sha1(p->two->sha1)) { /* deletion */
+			/*
+			 * Either this is a true deletion (1), or it is part
+			 * of an A/D pair (2), or D/A pair (3):
+			 *
+			 * (1) mp->local is uninitialized; set it to null_sha1
+			 * (2) mp->local is not uninitialized; don't touch it
+			 * (3) mp->local is uninitialized; set it to null_sha1
+			 *     (will be overwritten by following addition)
+			 */
+			if (!hashcmp(mp->local, uninitialized))
+				hashclr(mp->local);
+		} else if (is_null_sha1(p->one->sha1)) { /* addition */
+			/*
+			 * Either this is a true addition (1), or it is part
+			 * of an A/D pair (2), or D/A pair (3):
+			 *
+			 * (1) mp->local is uninitialized; set to p->two->sha1
+			 * (2) mp->local is uninitialized; set to p->two->sha1
+			 * (3) mp->local is null_sha1;     set to p->two->sha1
+			 */
+			assert(is_null_sha1(mp->local) ||
+			       !hashcmp(mp->local, uninitialized));
+			hashcpy(mp->local, p->two->sha1);
+		} else { /* modification */
+			/*
+			 * This is a true modification. p->one->sha1 shall
+			 * match mp->base, and mp->local shall be uninitialized.
+			 * Set mp->local to p->two->sha1.
+			 */
+			assert(!hashcmp(p->one->sha1, mp->base));
+			assert(!hashcmp(mp->local, uninitialized));
+			hashcpy(mp->local, p->two->sha1);
+		}
+		trace_printf("\t\tStored local change for %s: %.7s -> %.7s\n",
+		       sha1_to_hex(mp->obj), sha1_to_hex(mp->base),
+		       sha1_to_hex(mp->local));
+	}
+	diff_flush(&opt);
+	diff_tree_release_paths(&opt);
+}
+
+static void check_notes_merge_worktree(struct notes_merge_options *o)
+{
+	if (!o->has_worktree) {
+		/*
+		 * Must establish NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE.
+		 * Abort if NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE already exists
+		 */
+		if (file_exists(git_path(NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE))) {
+			if (advice_resolve_conflict)
+				die("You have not concluded your previous "
+				    "notes merge (%s exists).\nPlease, use "
+				    "'git notes merge --commit' or 'git notes "
+				    "merge --abort' to commit/abort the "
+				    "previous merge before you start a new "
+				    "notes merge.", git_path("NOTES_MERGE_*"));
+			else
+				die("You have not concluded your notes merge "
+				    "(%s exists).", git_path("NOTES_MERGE_*"));
+		}
+
+		if (safe_create_leading_directories(git_path(
+				NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE "/.test")))
+			die_errno("unable to create directory %s",
+				  git_path(NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE));
+		o->has_worktree = 1;
+	} else if (!file_exists(git_path(NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE)))
+		/* NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE should already be established */
+		die("missing '%s'. This should not happen",
+		    git_path(NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE));
+}
+
+static void write_buf_to_worktree(const unsigned char *obj,
+				  const char *buf, unsigned long size)
+{
+	int fd;
+	char *path = git_path(NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE "/%s", sha1_to_hex(obj));
+	if (safe_create_leading_directories(path))
+		die_errno("unable to create directory for '%s'", path);
+	if (file_exists(path))
+		die("found existing file at '%s'", path);
+
+	fd = open(path, O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC | O_CREAT, 0666);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		die_errno("failed to open '%s'", path);
+
+	while (size > 0) {
+		long ret = write_in_full(fd, buf, size);
+		if (ret < 0) {
+			/* Ignore epipe */
+			if (errno == EPIPE)
+				break;
+			die_errno("notes-merge");
+		} else if (!ret) {
+			die("notes-merge: disk full?");
+		}
+		size -= ret;
+		buf += ret;
+	}
+
+	close(fd);
+}
+
+static void write_note_to_worktree(const unsigned char *obj,
+				   const unsigned char *note)
+{
+	enum object_type type;
+	unsigned long size;
+	void *buf = read_sha1_file(note, &type, &size);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		die("cannot read note %s for object %s",
+		    sha1_to_hex(note), sha1_to_hex(obj));
+	if (type != OBJ_BLOB)
+		die("blob expected in note %s for object %s",
+		    sha1_to_hex(note), sha1_to_hex(obj));
+	write_buf_to_worktree(obj, buf, size);
+	free(buf);
+}
+
+static int ll_merge_in_worktree(struct notes_merge_options *o,
+				struct notes_merge_pair *p)
+{
+	mmbuffer_t result_buf;
+	mmfile_t base, local, remote;
+	int status;
+
+	read_mmblob(&base, p->base);
+	read_mmblob(&local, p->local);
+	read_mmblob(&remote, p->remote);
+
+	status = ll_merge(&result_buf, sha1_to_hex(p->obj), &base, NULL,
+			  &local, o->local_ref, &remote, o->remote_ref, 0);
+
+	free(base.ptr);
+	free(local.ptr);
+	free(remote.ptr);
+
+	if ((status < 0) || !result_buf.ptr)
+		die("Failed to execute internal merge");
+
+	write_buf_to_worktree(p->obj, result_buf.ptr, result_buf.size);
+	free(result_buf.ptr);
+
+	return status;
+}
+
+static int merge_one_change_manual(struct notes_merge_options *o,
+				   struct notes_merge_pair *p,
+				   struct notes_tree *t)
+{
+	const char *lref = o->local_ref ? o->local_ref : "local version";
+	const char *rref = o->remote_ref ? o->remote_ref : "remote version";
+
+	trace_printf("\t\t\tmerge_one_change_manual(obj = %.7s, base = %.7s, "
+	       "local = %.7s, remote = %.7s)\n",
+	       sha1_to_hex(p->obj), sha1_to_hex(p->base),
+	       sha1_to_hex(p->local), sha1_to_hex(p->remote));
+
+	/* add "Conflicts:" section to commit message first time through */
+	if (!o->has_worktree)
+		strbuf_addstr(&(o->commit_msg), "\n\nConflicts:\n");
+
+	strbuf_addf(&(o->commit_msg), "\t%s\n", sha1_to_hex(p->obj));
+
+	OUTPUT(o, 2, "Auto-merging notes for %s", sha1_to_hex(p->obj));
+	check_notes_merge_worktree(o);
+	if (is_null_sha1(p->local)) {
+		/* D/F conflict, checkout p->remote */
+		assert(!is_null_sha1(p->remote));
+		OUTPUT(o, 1, "CONFLICT (delete/modify): Notes for object %s "
+		       "deleted in %s and modified in %s. Version from %s "
+		       "left in tree.", sha1_to_hex(p->obj), lref, rref, rref);
+		write_note_to_worktree(p->obj, p->remote);
+	} else if (is_null_sha1(p->remote)) {
+		/* D/F conflict, checkout p->local */
+		assert(!is_null_sha1(p->local));
+		OUTPUT(o, 1, "CONFLICT (delete/modify): Notes for object %s "
+		       "deleted in %s and modified in %s. Version from %s "
+		       "left in tree.", sha1_to_hex(p->obj), rref, lref, lref);
+		write_note_to_worktree(p->obj, p->local);
+	} else {
+		/* "regular" conflict, checkout result of ll_merge() */
+		const char *reason = "content";
+		if (is_null_sha1(p->base))
+			reason = "add/add";
+		assert(!is_null_sha1(p->local));
+		assert(!is_null_sha1(p->remote));
+		OUTPUT(o, 1, "CONFLICT (%s): Merge conflict in notes for "
+		       "object %s", reason, sha1_to_hex(p->obj));
+		ll_merge_in_worktree(o, p);
+	}
+
+	trace_printf("\t\t\tremoving from partial merge result\n");
+	remove_note(t, p->obj);
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int merge_one_change(struct notes_merge_options *o,
+			    struct notes_merge_pair *p, struct notes_tree *t)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Return 0 if change is successfully resolved (stored in notes_tree).
+	 * Return 1 is change results in a conflict (NOT stored in notes_tree,
+	 * but instead written to NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE with conflict markers).
+	 */
+	switch (o->strategy) {
+	case NOTES_MERGE_RESOLVE_MANUAL:
+		return merge_one_change_manual(o, p, t);
+	case NOTES_MERGE_RESOLVE_OURS:
+		OUTPUT(o, 2, "Using local notes for %s", sha1_to_hex(p->obj));
+		/* nothing to do */
+		return 0;
+	case NOTES_MERGE_RESOLVE_THEIRS:
+		OUTPUT(o, 2, "Using remote notes for %s", sha1_to_hex(p->obj));
+		if (add_note(t, p->obj, p->remote, combine_notes_overwrite))
+			die("BUG: combine_notes_overwrite failed");
+		return 0;
+	case NOTES_MERGE_RESOLVE_UNION:
+		OUTPUT(o, 2, "Concatenating local and remote notes for %s",
+		       sha1_to_hex(p->obj));
+		if (add_note(t, p->obj, p->remote, combine_notes_concatenate))
+			die("failed to concatenate notes "
+			    "(combine_notes_concatenate)");
+		return 0;
+	case NOTES_MERGE_RESOLVE_CAT_SORT_UNIQ:
+		OUTPUT(o, 2, "Concatenating unique lines in local and remote "
+		       "notes for %s", sha1_to_hex(p->obj));
+		if (add_note(t, p->obj, p->remote, combine_notes_cat_sort_uniq))
+			die("failed to concatenate notes "
+			    "(combine_notes_cat_sort_uniq)");
+		return 0;
+	}
+	die("Unknown strategy (%i).", o->strategy);
+}
+
+static int merge_changes(struct notes_merge_options *o,
+			 struct notes_merge_pair *changes, int *num_changes,
+			 struct notes_tree *t)
+{
+	int i, conflicts = 0;
+
+	trace_printf("\tmerge_changes(num_changes = %i)\n", *num_changes);
+	for (i = 0; i < *num_changes; i++) {
+		struct notes_merge_pair *p = changes + i;
+		trace_printf("\t\t%.7s: %.7s -> %.7s/%.7s\n",
+		       sha1_to_hex(p->obj), sha1_to_hex(p->base),
+		       sha1_to_hex(p->local), sha1_to_hex(p->remote));
+
+		if (!hashcmp(p->base, p->remote)) {
+			/* no remote change; nothing to do */
+			trace_printf("\t\t\tskipping (no remote change)\n");
+		} else if (!hashcmp(p->local, p->remote)) {
+			/* same change in local and remote; nothing to do */
+			trace_printf("\t\t\tskipping (local == remote)\n");
+		} else if (!hashcmp(p->local, uninitialized) ||
+			   !hashcmp(p->local, p->base)) {
+			/* no local change; adopt remote change */
+			trace_printf("\t\t\tno local change, adopted remote\n");
+			if (add_note(t, p->obj, p->remote,
+				     combine_notes_overwrite))
+				die("BUG: combine_notes_overwrite failed");
+		} else {
+			/* need file-level merge between local and remote */
+			trace_printf("\t\t\tneed content-level merge\n");
+			conflicts += merge_one_change(o, p, t);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return conflicts;
+}
+
+static int merge_from_diffs(struct notes_merge_options *o,
+			    const unsigned char *base,
+			    const unsigned char *local,
+			    const unsigned char *remote, struct notes_tree *t)
+{
+	struct notes_merge_pair *changes;
+	int num_changes, conflicts;
+
+	trace_printf("\tmerge_from_diffs(base = %.7s, local = %.7s, "
+	       "remote = %.7s)\n", sha1_to_hex(base), sha1_to_hex(local),
+	       sha1_to_hex(remote));
+
+	changes = diff_tree_remote(o, base, remote, &num_changes);
+	diff_tree_local(o, changes, num_changes, base, local);
+
+	conflicts = merge_changes(o, changes, &num_changes, t);
+	free(changes);
+
+	OUTPUT(o, 4, "Merge result: %i unmerged notes and a %s notes tree",
+	       conflicts, t->dirty ? "dirty" : "clean");
+
+	return conflicts ? -1 : 1;
+}
+
+void create_notes_commit(struct notes_tree *t, struct commit_list *parents,
+			 const char *msg, unsigned char *result_sha1)
+{
+	unsigned char tree_sha1[20];
+
+	assert(t->initialized);
+
+	if (write_notes_tree(t, tree_sha1))
+		die("Failed to write notes tree to database");
+
+	if (!parents) {
+		/* Deduce parent commit from t->ref */
+		unsigned char parent_sha1[20];
+		if (!read_ref(t->ref, parent_sha1)) {
+			struct commit *parent = lookup_commit(parent_sha1);
+			if (!parent || parse_commit(parent))
+				die("Failed to find/parse commit %s", t->ref);
+			commit_list_insert(parent, &parents);
+		}
+		/* else: t->ref points to nothing, assume root/orphan commit */
+	}
+
+	if (commit_tree(msg, tree_sha1, parents, result_sha1, NULL))
+		die("Failed to commit notes tree to database");
+}
+
+int notes_merge(struct notes_merge_options *o,
+		struct notes_tree *local_tree,
+		unsigned char *result_sha1)
+{
+	unsigned char local_sha1[20], remote_sha1[20];
+	struct commit *local, *remote;
+	struct commit_list *bases = NULL;
+	const unsigned char *base_sha1, *base_tree_sha1;
+	int result = 0;
+
+	assert(o->local_ref && o->remote_ref);
+	assert(!strcmp(o->local_ref, local_tree->ref));
+	hashclr(result_sha1);
+
+	trace_printf("notes_merge(o->local_ref = %s, o->remote_ref = %s)\n",
+	       o->local_ref, o->remote_ref);
+
+	/* Dereference o->local_ref into local_sha1 */
+	if (!resolve_ref(o->local_ref, local_sha1, 0, NULL))
+		die("Failed to resolve local notes ref '%s'", o->local_ref);
+	else if (!check_ref_format(o->local_ref) && is_null_sha1(local_sha1))
+		local = NULL; /* local_sha1 == null_sha1 indicates unborn ref */
+	else if (!(local = lookup_commit_reference(local_sha1)))
+		die("Could not parse local commit %s (%s)",
+		    sha1_to_hex(local_sha1), o->local_ref);
+	trace_printf("\tlocal commit: %.7s\n", sha1_to_hex(local_sha1));
+
+	/* Dereference o->remote_ref into remote_sha1 */
+	if (get_sha1(o->remote_ref, remote_sha1)) {
+		/*
+		 * Failed to get remote_sha1. If o->remote_ref looks like an
+		 * unborn ref, perform the merge using an empty notes tree.
+		 */
+		if (!check_ref_format(o->remote_ref)) {
+			hashclr(remote_sha1);
+			remote = NULL;
+		} else {
+			die("Failed to resolve remote notes ref '%s'",
+			    o->remote_ref);
+		}
+	} else if (!(remote = lookup_commit_reference(remote_sha1))) {
+		die("Could not parse remote commit %s (%s)",
+		    sha1_to_hex(remote_sha1), o->remote_ref);
+	}
+	trace_printf("\tremote commit: %.7s\n", sha1_to_hex(remote_sha1));
+
+	if (!local && !remote)
+		die("Cannot merge empty notes ref (%s) into empty notes ref "
+		    "(%s)", o->remote_ref, o->local_ref);
+	if (!local) {
+		/* result == remote commit */
+		hashcpy(result_sha1, remote_sha1);
+		goto found_result;
+	}
+	if (!remote) {
+		/* result == local commit */
+		hashcpy(result_sha1, local_sha1);
+		goto found_result;
+	}
+	assert(local && remote);
+
+	/* Find merge bases */
+	bases = get_merge_bases(local, remote, 1);
+	if (!bases) {
+		base_sha1 = null_sha1;
+		base_tree_sha1 = (unsigned char *)EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN;
+		OUTPUT(o, 4, "No merge base found; doing history-less merge");
+	} else if (!bases->next) {
+		base_sha1 = bases->item->object.sha1;
+		base_tree_sha1 = bases->item->tree->object.sha1;
+		OUTPUT(o, 4, "One merge base found (%.7s)",
+		       sha1_to_hex(base_sha1));
+	} else {
+		/* TODO: How to handle multiple merge-bases? */
+		base_sha1 = bases->item->object.sha1;
+		base_tree_sha1 = bases->item->tree->object.sha1;
+		OUTPUT(o, 3, "Multiple merge bases found. Using the first "
+		       "(%.7s)", sha1_to_hex(base_sha1));
+	}
+
+	OUTPUT(o, 4, "Merging remote commit %.7s into local commit %.7s with "
+	       "merge-base %.7s", sha1_to_hex(remote->object.sha1),
+	       sha1_to_hex(local->object.sha1), sha1_to_hex(base_sha1));
+
+	if (!hashcmp(remote->object.sha1, base_sha1)) {
+		/* Already merged; result == local commit */
+		OUTPUT(o, 2, "Already up-to-date!");
+		hashcpy(result_sha1, local->object.sha1);
+		goto found_result;
+	}
+	if (!hashcmp(local->object.sha1, base_sha1)) {
+		/* Fast-forward; result == remote commit */
+		OUTPUT(o, 2, "Fast-forward");
+		hashcpy(result_sha1, remote->object.sha1);
+		goto found_result;
+	}
+
+	result = merge_from_diffs(o, base_tree_sha1, local->tree->object.sha1,
+				  remote->tree->object.sha1, local_tree);
+
+	if (result != 0) { /* non-trivial merge (with or without conflicts) */
+		/* Commit (partial) result */
+		struct commit_list *parents = NULL;
+		commit_list_insert(remote, &parents); /* LIFO order */
+		commit_list_insert(local, &parents);
+		create_notes_commit(local_tree, parents, o->commit_msg.buf,
+				    result_sha1);
+	}
+
+found_result:
+	free_commit_list(bases);
+	strbuf_release(&(o->commit_msg));
+	trace_printf("notes_merge(): result = %i, result_sha1 = %.7s\n",
+	       result, sha1_to_hex(result_sha1));
+	return result;
+}
+
+int notes_merge_commit(struct notes_merge_options *o,
+		       struct notes_tree *partial_tree,
+		       struct commit *partial_commit,
+		       unsigned char *result_sha1)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Iterate through files in .git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE and add all
+	 * found notes to 'partial_tree'. Write the updates notes tree to
+	 * the DB, and commit the resulting tree object while reusing the
+	 * commit message and parents from 'partial_commit'.
+	 * Finally store the new commit object SHA1 into 'result_sha1'.
+	 */
+	struct dir_struct dir;
+	const char *path = git_path(NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE "/");
+	int path_len = strlen(path), i;
+	const char *msg = strstr(partial_commit->buffer, "\n\n");
+
+	OUTPUT(o, 3, "Committing notes in notes merge worktree at %.*s",
+	       path_len - 1, path);
+
+	if (!msg || msg[2] == '\0')
+		die("partial notes commit has empty message");
+	msg += 2;
+
+	memset(&dir, 0, sizeof(dir));
+	read_directory(&dir, path, path_len, NULL);
+	for (i = 0; i < dir.nr; i++) {
+		struct dir_entry *ent = dir.entries[i];
+		struct stat st;
+		const char *relpath = ent->name + path_len;
+		unsigned char obj_sha1[20], blob_sha1[20];
+
+		if (ent->len - path_len != 40 || get_sha1_hex(relpath, obj_sha1)) {
+			OUTPUT(o, 3, "Skipping non-SHA1 entry '%s'", ent->name);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* write file as blob, and add to partial_tree */
+		if (stat(ent->name, &st))
+			die_errno("Failed to stat '%s'", ent->name);
+		if (index_path(blob_sha1, ent->name, &st, 1))
+			die("Failed to write blob object from '%s'", ent->name);
+		if (add_note(partial_tree, obj_sha1, blob_sha1, NULL))
+			die("Failed to add resolved note '%s' to notes tree",
+			    ent->name);
+		OUTPUT(o, 4, "Added resolved note for object %s: %s",
+		       sha1_to_hex(obj_sha1), sha1_to_hex(blob_sha1));
+	}
+
+	create_notes_commit(partial_tree, partial_commit->parents, msg,
+			    result_sha1);
+	OUTPUT(o, 4, "Finalized notes merge commit: %s",
+	       sha1_to_hex(result_sha1));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int notes_merge_abort(struct notes_merge_options *o)
+{
+	/* Remove .git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE directory and all files within */
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int ret;
+
+	strbuf_addstr(&buf, git_path(NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE));
+	OUTPUT(o, 3, "Removing notes merge worktree at %s", buf.buf);
+	ret = remove_dir_recursively(&buf, 0);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	return ret;
+}
diff --git a/notes-merge.h b/notes-merge.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..168a672
--- /dev/null
+++ b/notes-merge.h
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+#ifndef NOTES_MERGE_H
+#define NOTES_MERGE_H
+
+#define NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE "NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE"
+
+enum notes_merge_verbosity {
+	NOTES_MERGE_VERBOSITY_DEFAULT = 2,
+	NOTES_MERGE_VERBOSITY_MAX = 5
+};
+
+struct notes_merge_options {
+	const char *local_ref;
+	const char *remote_ref;
+	struct strbuf commit_msg;
+	int verbosity;
+	enum {
+		NOTES_MERGE_RESOLVE_MANUAL = 0,
+		NOTES_MERGE_RESOLVE_OURS,
+		NOTES_MERGE_RESOLVE_THEIRS,
+		NOTES_MERGE_RESOLVE_UNION,
+		NOTES_MERGE_RESOLVE_CAT_SORT_UNIQ
+	} strategy;
+	unsigned has_worktree:1;
+};
+
+void init_notes_merge_options(struct notes_merge_options *o);
+
+/*
+ * Create new notes commit from the given notes tree
+ *
+ * Properties of the created commit:
+ * - tree: the result of converting t to a tree object with write_notes_tree().
+ * - parents: the given parents OR (if NULL) the commit referenced by t->ref.
+ * - author/committer: the default determined by commmit_tree().
+ * - commit message: msg
+ *
+ * The resulting commit SHA1 is stored in result_sha1.
+ */
+void create_notes_commit(struct notes_tree *t, struct commit_list *parents,
+			 const char *msg, unsigned char *result_sha1);
+
+/*
+ * Merge notes from o->remote_ref into o->local_ref
+ *
+ * The given notes_tree 'local_tree' must be the notes_tree referenced by the
+ * o->local_ref. This is the notes_tree in which the object-level merge is
+ * performed.
+ *
+ * The commits given by the two refs are merged, producing one of the following
+ * outcomes:
+ *
+ * 1. The merge trivially results in an existing commit (e.g. fast-forward or
+ *    already-up-to-date). 'local_tree' is untouched, the SHA1 of the result
+ *    is written into 'result_sha1' and 0 is returned.
+ * 2. The merge successfully completes, producing a merge commit. local_tree
+ *    contains the updated notes tree, the SHA1 of the resulting commit is
+ *    written into 'result_sha1', and 1 is returned.
+ * 3. The merge results in conflicts. This is similar to #2 in that the
+ *    partial merge result (i.e. merge result minus the unmerged entries)
+ *    are stored in 'local_tree', and the SHA1 or the resulting commit
+ *    (to be amended when the conflicts have been resolved) is written into
+ *    'result_sha1'. The unmerged entries are written into the
+ *    .git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE directory with conflict markers.
+ *    -1 is returned.
+ *
+ * Both o->local_ref and o->remote_ref must be given (non-NULL), but either ref
+ * (although not both) may refer to a non-existing notes ref, in which case
+ * that notes ref is interpreted as an empty notes tree, and the merge
+ * trivially results in what the other ref points to.
+ */
+int notes_merge(struct notes_merge_options *o,
+		struct notes_tree *local_tree,
+		unsigned char *result_sha1);
+
+/*
+ * Finalize conflict resolution from an earlier notes_merge()
+ *
+ * The given notes tree 'partial_tree' must be the notes_tree corresponding to
+ * the given 'partial_commit', the partial result commit created by a previous
+ * call to notes_merge().
+ *
+ * This function will add the (now resolved) notes in .git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE
+ * to 'partial_tree', and create a final notes merge commit, the SHA1 of which
+ * will be stored in 'result_sha1'.
+ */
+int notes_merge_commit(struct notes_merge_options *o,
+		       struct notes_tree *partial_tree,
+		       struct commit *partial_commit,
+		       unsigned char *result_sha1);
+
+/*
+ * Abort conflict resolution from an earlier notes_merge()
+ *
+ * Removes the notes merge worktree in .git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE.
+ */
+int notes_merge_abort(struct notes_merge_options *o);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/notes.c b/notes.c
index 70d0013..a013c1b 100644
--- a/notes.c
+++ b/notes.c
@@ -150,86 +150,6 @@
 }
 
 /*
- * To insert a leaf_node:
- * Search to the tree location appropriate for the given leaf_node's key:
- * - If location is unused (NULL), store the tweaked pointer directly there
- * - If location holds a note entry that matches the note-to-be-inserted, then
- *   combine the two notes (by calling the given combine_notes function).
- * - If location holds a note entry that matches the subtree-to-be-inserted,
- *   then unpack the subtree-to-be-inserted into the location.
- * - If location holds a matching subtree entry, unpack the subtree at that
- *   location, and restart the insert operation from that level.
- * - Else, create a new int_node, holding both the node-at-location and the
- *   node-to-be-inserted, and store the new int_node into the location.
- */
-static void note_tree_insert(struct notes_tree *t, struct int_node *tree,
-		unsigned char n, struct leaf_node *entry, unsigned char type,
-		combine_notes_fn combine_notes)
-{
-	struct int_node *new_node;
-	struct leaf_node *l;
-	void **p = note_tree_search(t, &tree, &n, entry->key_sha1);
-
-	assert(GET_PTR_TYPE(entry) == 0); /* no type bits set */
-	l = (struct leaf_node *) CLR_PTR_TYPE(*p);
-	switch (GET_PTR_TYPE(*p)) {
-	case PTR_TYPE_NULL:
-		assert(!*p);
-		*p = SET_PTR_TYPE(entry, type);
-		return;
-	case PTR_TYPE_NOTE:
-		switch (type) {
-		case PTR_TYPE_NOTE:
-			if (!hashcmp(l->key_sha1, entry->key_sha1)) {
-				/* skip concatenation if l == entry */
-				if (!hashcmp(l->val_sha1, entry->val_sha1))
-					return;
-
-				if (combine_notes(l->val_sha1, entry->val_sha1))
-					die("failed to combine notes %s and %s"
-					    " for object %s",
-					    sha1_to_hex(l->val_sha1),
-					    sha1_to_hex(entry->val_sha1),
-					    sha1_to_hex(l->key_sha1));
-				free(entry);
-				return;
-			}
-			break;
-		case PTR_TYPE_SUBTREE:
-			if (!SUBTREE_SHA1_PREFIXCMP(l->key_sha1,
-						    entry->key_sha1)) {
-				/* unpack 'entry' */
-				load_subtree(t, entry, tree, n);
-				free(entry);
-				return;
-			}
-			break;
-		}
-		break;
-	case PTR_TYPE_SUBTREE:
-		if (!SUBTREE_SHA1_PREFIXCMP(entry->key_sha1, l->key_sha1)) {
-			/* unpack 'l' and restart insert */
-			*p = NULL;
-			load_subtree(t, l, tree, n);
-			free(l);
-			note_tree_insert(t, tree, n, entry, type,
-					 combine_notes);
-			return;
-		}
-		break;
-	}
-
-	/* non-matching leaf_node */
-	assert(GET_PTR_TYPE(*p) == PTR_TYPE_NOTE ||
-	       GET_PTR_TYPE(*p) == PTR_TYPE_SUBTREE);
-	new_node = (struct int_node *) xcalloc(sizeof(struct int_node), 1);
-	note_tree_insert(t, new_node, n + 1, l, GET_PTR_TYPE(*p),
-			 combine_notes);
-	*p = SET_PTR_TYPE(new_node, PTR_TYPE_INTERNAL);
-	note_tree_insert(t, new_node, n + 1, entry, type, combine_notes);
-}
-
-/*
  * How to consolidate an int_node:
  * If there are > 1 non-NULL entries, give up and return non-zero.
  * Otherwise replace the int_node at the given index in the given parent node
@@ -305,6 +225,93 @@
 		i--;
 }
 
+/*
+ * To insert a leaf_node:
+ * Search to the tree location appropriate for the given leaf_node's key:
+ * - If location is unused (NULL), store the tweaked pointer directly there
+ * - If location holds a note entry that matches the note-to-be-inserted, then
+ *   combine the two notes (by calling the given combine_notes function).
+ * - If location holds a note entry that matches the subtree-to-be-inserted,
+ *   then unpack the subtree-to-be-inserted into the location.
+ * - If location holds a matching subtree entry, unpack the subtree at that
+ *   location, and restart the insert operation from that level.
+ * - Else, create a new int_node, holding both the node-at-location and the
+ *   node-to-be-inserted, and store the new int_node into the location.
+ */
+static int note_tree_insert(struct notes_tree *t, struct int_node *tree,
+		unsigned char n, struct leaf_node *entry, unsigned char type,
+		combine_notes_fn combine_notes)
+{
+	struct int_node *new_node;
+	struct leaf_node *l;
+	void **p = note_tree_search(t, &tree, &n, entry->key_sha1);
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	assert(GET_PTR_TYPE(entry) == 0); /* no type bits set */
+	l = (struct leaf_node *) CLR_PTR_TYPE(*p);
+	switch (GET_PTR_TYPE(*p)) {
+	case PTR_TYPE_NULL:
+		assert(!*p);
+		if (is_null_sha1(entry->val_sha1))
+			free(entry);
+		else
+			*p = SET_PTR_TYPE(entry, type);
+		return 0;
+	case PTR_TYPE_NOTE:
+		switch (type) {
+		case PTR_TYPE_NOTE:
+			if (!hashcmp(l->key_sha1, entry->key_sha1)) {
+				/* skip concatenation if l == entry */
+				if (!hashcmp(l->val_sha1, entry->val_sha1))
+					return 0;
+
+				ret = combine_notes(l->val_sha1,
+						    entry->val_sha1);
+				if (!ret && is_null_sha1(l->val_sha1))
+					note_tree_remove(t, tree, n, entry);
+				free(entry);
+				return ret;
+			}
+			break;
+		case PTR_TYPE_SUBTREE:
+			if (!SUBTREE_SHA1_PREFIXCMP(l->key_sha1,
+						    entry->key_sha1)) {
+				/* unpack 'entry' */
+				load_subtree(t, entry, tree, n);
+				free(entry);
+				return 0;
+			}
+			break;
+		}
+		break;
+	case PTR_TYPE_SUBTREE:
+		if (!SUBTREE_SHA1_PREFIXCMP(entry->key_sha1, l->key_sha1)) {
+			/* unpack 'l' and restart insert */
+			*p = NULL;
+			load_subtree(t, l, tree, n);
+			free(l);
+			return note_tree_insert(t, tree, n, entry, type,
+						combine_notes);
+		}
+		break;
+	}
+
+	/* non-matching leaf_node */
+	assert(GET_PTR_TYPE(*p) == PTR_TYPE_NOTE ||
+	       GET_PTR_TYPE(*p) == PTR_TYPE_SUBTREE);
+	if (is_null_sha1(entry->val_sha1)) { /* skip insertion of empty note */
+		free(entry);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	new_node = (struct int_node *) xcalloc(sizeof(struct int_node), 1);
+	ret = note_tree_insert(t, new_node, n + 1, l, GET_PTR_TYPE(*p),
+			       combine_notes);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+	*p = SET_PTR_TYPE(new_node, PTR_TYPE_INTERNAL);
+	return note_tree_insert(t, new_node, n + 1, entry, type, combine_notes);
+}
+
 /* Free the entire notes data contained in the given tree */
 static void note_tree_free(struct int_node *tree)
 {
@@ -445,8 +452,12 @@
 				l->key_sha1[19] = (unsigned char) len;
 				type = PTR_TYPE_SUBTREE;
 			}
-			note_tree_insert(t, node, n, l, type,
-					 combine_notes_concatenate);
+			if (note_tree_insert(t, node, n, l, type,
+					     combine_notes_concatenate))
+				die("Failed to load %s %s into notes tree "
+				    "from %s",
+				    type == PTR_TYPE_NOTE ? "note" : "subtree",
+				    sha1_to_hex(l->key_sha1), t->ref);
 		}
 		continue;
 
@@ -804,16 +815,17 @@
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	/* we will separate the notes by a newline anyway */
+	/* we will separate the notes by two newlines anyway */
 	if (cur_msg[cur_len - 1] == '\n')
 		cur_len--;
 
 	/* concatenate cur_msg and new_msg into buf */
-	buf_len = cur_len + 1 + new_len;
+	buf_len = cur_len + 2 + new_len;
 	buf = (char *) xmalloc(buf_len);
 	memcpy(buf, cur_msg, cur_len);
 	buf[cur_len] = '\n';
-	memcpy(buf + cur_len + 1, new_msg, new_len);
+	buf[cur_len + 1] = '\n';
+	memcpy(buf + cur_len + 2, new_msg, new_len);
 	free(cur_msg);
 	free(new_msg);
 
@@ -836,6 +848,82 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int string_list_add_note_lines(struct string_list *sort_uniq_list,
+				      const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	char *data;
+	unsigned long len;
+	enum object_type t;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf **lines = NULL;
+	int i, list_index;
+
+	if (is_null_sha1(sha1))
+		return 0;
+
+	/* read_sha1_file NUL-terminates */
+	data = read_sha1_file(sha1, &t, &len);
+	if (t != OBJ_BLOB || !data || !len) {
+		free(data);
+		return t != OBJ_BLOB || !data;
+	}
+
+	strbuf_attach(&buf, data, len, len + 1);
+	lines = strbuf_split(&buf, '\n');
+
+	for (i = 0; lines[i]; i++) {
+		if (lines[i]->buf[lines[i]->len - 1] == '\n')
+			strbuf_setlen(lines[i], lines[i]->len - 1);
+		if (!lines[i]->len)
+			continue; /* skip empty lines */
+		list_index = string_list_find_insert_index(sort_uniq_list,
+							   lines[i]->buf, 0);
+		if (list_index < 0)
+			continue; /* skip duplicate lines */
+		string_list_insert_at_index(sort_uniq_list, list_index,
+					    lines[i]->buf);
+	}
+
+	strbuf_list_free(lines);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int string_list_join_lines_helper(struct string_list_item *item,
+					 void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct strbuf *buf = cb_data;
+	strbuf_addstr(buf, item->string);
+	strbuf_addch(buf, '\n');
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int combine_notes_cat_sort_uniq(unsigned char *cur_sha1,
+		const unsigned char *new_sha1)
+{
+	struct string_list sort_uniq_list = { NULL, 0, 0, 1 };
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int ret = 1;
+
+	/* read both note blob objects into unique_lines */
+	if (string_list_add_note_lines(&sort_uniq_list, cur_sha1))
+		goto out;
+	if (string_list_add_note_lines(&sort_uniq_list, new_sha1))
+		goto out;
+
+	/* create a new blob object from sort_uniq_list */
+	if (for_each_string_list(&sort_uniq_list,
+				 string_list_join_lines_helper, &buf))
+		goto out;
+
+	ret = write_sha1_file(buf.buf, buf.len, blob_type, cur_sha1);
+
+out:
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	string_list_clear(&sort_uniq_list, 0);
+	return ret;
+}
+
 static int string_list_add_one_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1,
 				   int flag, void *cb)
 {
@@ -893,7 +981,7 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static const char *default_notes_ref(void)
+const char *default_notes_ref(void)
 {
 	const char *notes_ref = NULL;
 	if (!notes_ref)
@@ -935,7 +1023,7 @@
 		return;
 	if (get_tree_entry(object_sha1, "", sha1, &mode))
 		die("Failed to read notes tree referenced by %s (%s)",
-		    notes_ref, object_sha1);
+		    notes_ref, sha1_to_hex(object_sha1));
 
 	hashclr(root_tree.key_sha1);
 	hashcpy(root_tree.val_sha1, sha1);
@@ -989,7 +1077,7 @@
 	string_list_clear(&display_notes_refs, 0);
 }
 
-void add_note(struct notes_tree *t, const unsigned char *object_sha1,
+int add_note(struct notes_tree *t, const unsigned char *object_sha1,
 		const unsigned char *note_sha1, combine_notes_fn combine_notes)
 {
 	struct leaf_node *l;
@@ -1003,7 +1091,7 @@
 	l = (struct leaf_node *) xmalloc(sizeof(struct leaf_node));
 	hashcpy(l->key_sha1, object_sha1);
 	hashcpy(l->val_sha1, note_sha1);
-	note_tree_insert(t, t->root, 0, l, PTR_TYPE_NOTE, combine_notes);
+	return note_tree_insert(t, t->root, 0, l, PTR_TYPE_NOTE, combine_notes);
 }
 
 int remove_note(struct notes_tree *t, const unsigned char *object_sha1)
@@ -1182,7 +1270,7 @@
 
 int copy_note(struct notes_tree *t,
 	      const unsigned char *from_obj, const unsigned char *to_obj,
-	      int force, combine_notes_fn combine_fn)
+	      int force, combine_notes_fn combine_notes)
 {
 	const unsigned char *note = get_note(t, from_obj);
 	const unsigned char *existing_note = get_note(t, to_obj);
@@ -1191,9 +1279,9 @@
 		return 1;
 
 	if (note)
-		add_note(t, to_obj, note, combine_fn);
+		return add_note(t, to_obj, note, combine_notes);
 	else if (existing_note)
-		add_note(t, to_obj, null_sha1, combine_fn);
+		return add_note(t, to_obj, null_sha1, combine_notes);
 
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/notes.h b/notes.h
index 5106761..83bd6e0 100644
--- a/notes.h
+++ b/notes.h
@@ -12,7 +12,10 @@
  * resulting SHA1 into the first SHA1 argument (cur_sha1). A non-zero return
  * value indicates failure.
  *
- * The two given SHA1s must both be non-NULL and different from each other.
+ * The two given SHA1s shall both be non-NULL and different from each other.
+ * Either of them (but not both) may be == null_sha1, which indicates an
+ * empty/non-existent note. If the resulting SHA1 (cur_sha1) is == null_sha1,
+ * the note will be removed from the notes tree.
  *
  * The default combine_notes function (you get this when passing NULL) is
  * combine_notes_concatenate(), which appends the contents of the new note to
@@ -24,6 +27,7 @@
 int combine_notes_concatenate(unsigned char *cur_sha1, const unsigned char *new_sha1);
 int combine_notes_overwrite(unsigned char *cur_sha1, const unsigned char *new_sha1);
 int combine_notes_ignore(unsigned char *cur_sha1, const unsigned char *new_sha1);
+int combine_notes_cat_sort_uniq(unsigned char *cur_sha1, const unsigned char *new_sha1);
 
 /*
  * Notes tree object
@@ -44,6 +48,20 @@
 } default_notes_tree;
 
 /*
+ * Return the default notes ref.
+ *
+ * The default notes ref is the notes ref that is used when notes_ref == NULL
+ * is passed to init_notes().
+ *
+ * This the first of the following to be defined:
+ * 1. The '--ref' option to 'git notes', if given
+ * 2. The $GIT_NOTES_REF environment variable, if set
+ * 3. The value of the core.notesRef config variable, if set
+ * 4. GIT_NOTES_DEFAULT_REF (i.e. "refs/notes/commits")
+ */
+const char *default_notes_ref(void);
+
+/*
  * Flags controlling behaviour of notes tree initialization
  *
  * Default behaviour is to initialize the notes tree from the tree object
@@ -76,11 +94,24 @@
 /*
  * Add the given note object to the given notes_tree structure
  *
+ * If there already exists a note for the given object_sha1, the given
+ * combine_notes function is invoked to break the tie. If not given (i.e.
+ * combine_notes == NULL), the default combine_notes function for the given
+ * notes_tree is used.
+ *
+ * Passing note_sha1 == null_sha1 indicates the addition of an
+ * empty/non-existent note. This is a (potentially expensive) no-op unless
+ * there already exists a note for the given object_sha1, AND combining that
+ * note with the empty note (using the given combine_notes function) results
+ * in a new/changed note.
+ *
+ * Returns zero on success; non-zero means combine_notes failed.
+ *
  * IMPORTANT: The changes made by add_note() to the given notes_tree structure
  * are not persistent until a subsequent call to write_notes_tree() returns
  * zero.
  */
-void add_note(struct notes_tree *t, const unsigned char *object_sha1,
+int add_note(struct notes_tree *t, const unsigned char *object_sha1,
 		const unsigned char *note_sha1, combine_notes_fn combine_notes);
 
 /*
@@ -105,11 +136,18 @@
 /*
  * Copy a note from one object to another in the given notes_tree.
  *
- * Fails if the to_obj already has a note unless 'force' is true.
+ * Returns 1 if the to_obj already has a note and 'force' is false. Otherwise,
+ * returns non-zero if 'force' is true, but the given combine_notes function
+ * failed to combine from_obj's note with to_obj's existing note.
+ * Returns zero on success.
+ *
+ * IMPORTANT: The changes made by copy_note() to the given notes_tree structure
+ * are not persistent until a subsequent call to write_notes_tree() returns
+ * zero.
  */
 int copy_note(struct notes_tree *t,
 	      const unsigned char *from_obj, const unsigned char *to_obj,
-	      int force, combine_notes_fn combine_fn);
+	      int force, combine_notes_fn combine_notes);
 
 /*
  * Flags controlling behaviour of for_each_note()
@@ -151,6 +189,7 @@
  * notes tree) from within the callback:
  * - add_note()
  * - remove_note()
+ * - copy_note()
  * - free_notes()
  */
 typedef int each_note_fn(const unsigned char *object_sha1,
diff --git a/parse-options.c b/parse-options.c
index 0fa79bc..42b51ef 100644
--- a/parse-options.c
+++ b/parse-options.c
@@ -11,6 +11,13 @@
 #define OPT_SHORT 1
 #define OPT_UNSET 2
 
+static int optbug(const struct option *opt, const char *reason)
+{
+	if (opt->long_name)
+		return error("BUG: option '%s' %s", opt->long_name, reason);
+	return error("BUG: switch '%c' %s", opt->short_name, reason);
+}
+
 static int opterror(const struct option *opt, const char *reason, int flags)
 {
 	if (flags & OPT_SHORT)
@@ -55,25 +62,13 @@
 		return opterror(opt, "takes no value", flags);
 	if (unset && (opt->flags & PARSE_OPT_NONEG))
 		return opterror(opt, "isn't available", flags);
-
-	if (!(flags & OPT_SHORT) && p->opt) {
-		switch (opt->type) {
-		case OPTION_CALLBACK:
-			if (!(opt->flags & PARSE_OPT_NOARG))
-				break;
-			/* FALLTHROUGH */
-		case OPTION_BOOLEAN:
-		case OPTION_BIT:
-		case OPTION_NEGBIT:
-		case OPTION_SET_INT:
-		case OPTION_SET_PTR:
-			return opterror(opt, "takes no value", flags);
-		default:
-			break;
-		}
-	}
+	if (!(flags & OPT_SHORT) && p->opt && (opt->flags & PARSE_OPT_NOARG))
+		return opterror(opt, "takes no value", flags);
 
 	switch (opt->type) {
+	case OPTION_LOWLEVEL_CALLBACK:
+		return (*(parse_opt_ll_cb *)opt->callback)(p, opt, unset);
+
 	case OPTION_BIT:
 		if (unset)
 			*(int *)opt->value &= ~opt->defval;
@@ -281,13 +276,6 @@
 	for (; options->type != OPTION_END; options++) {
 		if (!(options->flags & PARSE_OPT_NODASH))
 			continue;
-		if ((options->flags & PARSE_OPT_OPTARG) ||
-		    !(options->flags & PARSE_OPT_NOARG))
-			die("BUG: dashless options don't support arguments");
-		if (!(options->flags & PARSE_OPT_NONEG))
-			die("BUG: dashless options don't support negation");
-		if (options->long_name)
-			die("BUG: dashless options can't be long");
 		if (options->short_name == arg[0] && arg[1] == '\0')
 			return get_value(p, options, OPT_SHORT);
 	}
@@ -320,25 +308,37 @@
 
 	for (; opts->type != OPTION_END; opts++) {
 		if ((opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_LASTARG_DEFAULT) &&
-		    (opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_OPTARG)) {
-			if (opts->long_name) {
-				error("`--%s` uses incompatible flags "
-				      "LASTARG_DEFAULT and OPTARG", opts->long_name);
-			} else {
-				error("`-%c` uses incompatible flags "
-				      "LASTARG_DEFAULT and OPTARG", opts->short_name);
-			}
-			err |= 1;
+		    (opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_OPTARG))
+			err |= optbug(opts, "uses incompatible flags "
+					"LASTARG_DEFAULT and OPTARG");
+		if (opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_NODASH &&
+		    ((opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_OPTARG) ||
+		     !(opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_NOARG) ||
+		     !(opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_NONEG) ||
+		     opts->long_name))
+			err |= optbug(opts, "uses feature "
+					"not supported for dashless options");
+		switch (opts->type) {
+		case OPTION_BOOLEAN:
+		case OPTION_BIT:
+		case OPTION_NEGBIT:
+		case OPTION_SET_INT:
+		case OPTION_SET_PTR:
+		case OPTION_NUMBER:
+			if ((opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_OPTARG) ||
+			    !(opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_NOARG))
+				err |= optbug(opts, "should not accept an argument");
+		default:
+			; /* ok. (usually accepts an argument) */
 		}
 	}
-
 	if (err)
-		exit(129);
+		exit(128);
 }
 
 void parse_options_start(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
 			 int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
-			 int flags)
+			 const struct option *options, int flags)
 {
 	memset(ctx, 0, sizeof(*ctx));
 	ctx->argc = argc - 1;
@@ -350,6 +350,7 @@
 	if ((flags & PARSE_OPT_KEEP_UNKNOWN) &&
 	    (flags & PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION))
 		die("STOP_AT_NON_OPTION and KEEP_UNKNOWN don't go together");
+	parse_options_check(options);
 }
 
 static int usage_with_options_internal(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *,
@@ -362,8 +363,6 @@
 {
 	int internal_help = !(ctx->flags & PARSE_OPT_NO_INTERNAL_HELP);
 
-	parse_options_check(options);
-
 	/* we must reset ->opt, unknown short option leave it dangling */
 	ctx->opt = NULL;
 
@@ -374,7 +373,7 @@
 			if (parse_nodash_opt(ctx, arg, options) == 0)
 				continue;
 			if (ctx->flags & PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION)
-				break;
+				return PARSE_OPT_NON_OPTION;
 			ctx->out[ctx->cpidx++] = ctx->argv[0];
 			continue;
 		}
@@ -452,10 +451,11 @@
 {
 	struct parse_opt_ctx_t ctx;
 
-	parse_options_start(&ctx, argc, argv, prefix, flags);
+	parse_options_start(&ctx, argc, argv, prefix, options, flags);
 	switch (parse_options_step(&ctx, options, usagestr)) {
 	case PARSE_OPT_HELP:
 		exit(129);
+	case PARSE_OPT_NON_OPTION:
 	case PARSE_OPT_DONE:
 		break;
 	default: /* PARSE_OPT_UNKNOWN */
@@ -541,7 +541,8 @@
 		if (opts->type == OPTION_NUMBER)
 			pos += fprintf(outfile, "-NUM");
 
-		if (!(opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_NOARG))
+		if ((opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_LITERAL_ARGHELP) ||
+		    !(opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_NOARG))
 			pos += usage_argh(opts, outfile);
 
 		if (pos <= USAGE_OPTS_WIDTH)
diff --git a/parse-options.h b/parse-options.h
index d982f0f..31ec5d2 100644
--- a/parse-options.h
+++ b/parse-options.h
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 	OPTION_STRING,
 	OPTION_INTEGER,
 	OPTION_CALLBACK,
+	OPTION_LOWLEVEL_CALLBACK,
 	OPTION_FILENAME
 };
 
@@ -43,6 +44,10 @@
 struct option;
 typedef int parse_opt_cb(const struct option *, const char *arg, int unset);
 
+struct parse_opt_ctx_t;
+typedef int parse_opt_ll_cb(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
+				const struct option *opt, int unset);
+
 /*
  * `type`::
  *   holds the type of the option, you must have an OPTION_END last in your
@@ -87,7 +92,8 @@
  *				useful for users of OPTION_NEGBIT.
  *
  * `callback`::
- *   pointer to the callback to use for OPTION_CALLBACK.
+ *   pointer to the callback to use for OPTION_CALLBACK or
+ *   OPTION_LOWLEVEL_CALLBACK.
  *
  * `defval`::
  *   default value to fill (*->value) with for PARSE_OPT_OPTARG.
@@ -161,6 +167,7 @@
 enum {
 	PARSE_OPT_HELP = -1,
 	PARSE_OPT_DONE,
+	PARSE_OPT_NON_OPTION,
 	PARSE_OPT_UNKNOWN
 };
 
@@ -180,7 +187,7 @@
 
 extern void parse_options_start(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
 				int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
-				int flags);
+				const struct option *options, int flags);
 
 extern int parse_options_step(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
 			      const struct option *options,
@@ -198,14 +205,15 @@
 extern int parse_opt_with_commit(const struct option *, const char *, int);
 extern int parse_opt_tertiary(const struct option *, const char *, int);
 
-#define OPT__VERBOSE(var)  OPT_BOOLEAN('v', "verbose", (var), "be verbose")
-#define OPT__QUIET(var)    OPT_BOOLEAN('q', "quiet",   (var), "be quiet")
+#define OPT__VERBOSE(var, h)  OPT_BOOLEAN('v', "verbose", (var), (h))
+#define OPT__QUIET(var, h)    OPT_BOOLEAN('q', "quiet",   (var), (h))
 #define OPT__VERBOSITY(var) \
 	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'v', "verbose", (var), NULL, "be more verbose", \
 	  PARSE_OPT_NOARG, &parse_opt_verbosity_cb, 0 }, \
 	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'q', "quiet", (var), NULL, "be more quiet", \
 	  PARSE_OPT_NOARG, &parse_opt_verbosity_cb, 0 }
-#define OPT__DRY_RUN(var)  OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "dry-run", (var), "dry run")
+#define OPT__DRY_RUN(var, h)  OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "dry-run", (var), (h))
+#define OPT__FORCE(var, h)    OPT_BOOLEAN('f', "force",   (var), (h))
 #define OPT__ABBREV(var)  \
 	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "abbrev", (var), "n", \
 	  "use <n> digits to display SHA-1s", \
diff --git a/path.c b/path.c
index a2c9d1e..8951333 100644
--- a/path.c
+++ b/path.c
@@ -161,119 +161,6 @@
 	return cleanup_path(pathname);
 }
 
-/* git_mkstemp() - create tmp file honoring TMPDIR variable */
-int git_mkstemp(char *path, size_t len, const char *template)
-{
-	const char *tmp;
-	size_t n;
-
-	tmp = getenv("TMPDIR");
-	if (!tmp)
-		tmp = "/tmp";
-	n = snprintf(path, len, "%s/%s", tmp, template);
-	if (len <= n) {
-		errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
-		return -1;
-	}
-	return mkstemp(path);
-}
-
-/* git_mkstemps() - create tmp file with suffix honoring TMPDIR variable. */
-int git_mkstemps(char *path, size_t len, const char *template, int suffix_len)
-{
-	const char *tmp;
-	size_t n;
-
-	tmp = getenv("TMPDIR");
-	if (!tmp)
-		tmp = "/tmp";
-	n = snprintf(path, len, "%s/%s", tmp, template);
-	if (len <= n) {
-		errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
-		return -1;
-	}
-	return mkstemps(path, suffix_len);
-}
-
-/* Adapted from libiberty's mkstemp.c. */
-
-#undef TMP_MAX
-#define TMP_MAX 16384
-
-int git_mkstemps_mode(char *pattern, int suffix_len, int mode)
-{
-	static const char letters[] =
-		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
-		"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
-		"0123456789";
-	static const int num_letters = 62;
-	uint64_t value;
-	struct timeval tv;
-	char *template;
-	size_t len;
-	int fd, count;
-
-	len = strlen(pattern);
-
-	if (len < 6 + suffix_len) {
-		errno = EINVAL;
-		return -1;
-	}
-
-	if (strncmp(&pattern[len - 6 - suffix_len], "XXXXXX", 6)) {
-		errno = EINVAL;
-		return -1;
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * Replace pattern's XXXXXX characters with randomness.
-	 * Try TMP_MAX different filenames.
-	 */
-	gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
-	value = ((size_t)(tv.tv_usec << 16)) ^ tv.tv_sec ^ getpid();
-	template = &pattern[len - 6 - suffix_len];
-	for (count = 0; count < TMP_MAX; ++count) {
-		uint64_t v = value;
-		/* Fill in the random bits. */
-		template[0] = letters[v % num_letters]; v /= num_letters;
-		template[1] = letters[v % num_letters]; v /= num_letters;
-		template[2] = letters[v % num_letters]; v /= num_letters;
-		template[3] = letters[v % num_letters]; v /= num_letters;
-		template[4] = letters[v % num_letters]; v /= num_letters;
-		template[5] = letters[v % num_letters]; v /= num_letters;
-
-		fd = open(pattern, O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_RDWR, mode);
-		if (fd > 0)
-			return fd;
-		/*
-		 * Fatal error (EPERM, ENOSPC etc).
-		 * It doesn't make sense to loop.
-		 */
-		if (errno != EEXIST)
-			break;
-		/*
-		 * This is a random value.  It is only necessary that
-		 * the next TMP_MAX values generated by adding 7777 to
-		 * VALUE are different with (module 2^32).
-		 */
-		value += 7777;
-	}
-	/* We return the null string if we can't find a unique file name.  */
-	pattern[0] = '\0';
-	return -1;
-}
-
-int git_mkstemp_mode(char *pattern, int mode)
-{
-	/* mkstemp is just mkstemps with no suffix */
-	return git_mkstemps_mode(pattern, 0, mode);
-}
-
-int gitmkstemps(char *pattern, int suffix_len)
-{
-	return git_mkstemps_mode(pattern, suffix_len, 0600);
-}
-
 int validate_headref(const char *path)
 {
 	struct stat st;
diff --git a/pretty.c b/pretty.c
index f85444b..8549934 100644
--- a/pretty.c
+++ b/pretty.c
@@ -403,8 +403,8 @@
 	return strbuf_detach(&tmp, NULL);
 }
 
-static char *logmsg_reencode(const struct commit *commit,
-			     const char *output_encoding)
+char *logmsg_reencode(const struct commit *commit,
+		      const char *output_encoding)
 {
 	static const char *utf8 = "UTF-8";
 	const char *use_encoding;
@@ -555,6 +555,7 @@
 	const struct pretty_print_context *pretty_ctx;
 	unsigned commit_header_parsed:1;
 	unsigned commit_message_parsed:1;
+	char *message;
 	size_t width, indent1, indent2;
 
 	/* These offsets are relative to the start of the commit message. */
@@ -591,7 +592,7 @@
 
 static void parse_commit_header(struct format_commit_context *context)
 {
-	const char *msg = context->commit->buffer;
+	const char *msg = context->message;
 	int i;
 
 	for (i = 0; msg[i]; i++) {
@@ -677,8 +678,8 @@
 
 static void parse_commit_message(struct format_commit_context *c)
 {
-	const char *msg = c->commit->buffer + c->message_off;
-	const char *start = c->commit->buffer;
+	const char *msg = c->message + c->message_off;
+	const char *start = c->message;
 
 	msg = skip_empty_lines(msg);
 	c->subject_off = msg - start;
@@ -741,7 +742,7 @@
 {
 	struct format_commit_context *c = context;
 	const struct commit *commit = c->commit;
-	const char *msg = commit->buffer;
+	const char *msg = c->message;
 	struct commit_list *p;
 	int h1, h2;
 
@@ -886,8 +887,7 @@
 	case 'N':
 		if (c->pretty_ctx->show_notes) {
 			format_display_notes(commit->object.sha1, sb,
-				    git_log_output_encoding ? git_log_output_encoding
-							    : git_commit_encoding, 0);
+				    get_log_output_encoding(), 0);
 			return 1;
 		}
 		return 0;
@@ -1012,13 +1012,27 @@
 			   const struct pretty_print_context *pretty_ctx)
 {
 	struct format_commit_context context;
+	static const char utf8[] = "UTF-8";
+	const char *enc;
+	const char *output_enc = pretty_ctx->output_encoding;
 
 	memset(&context, 0, sizeof(context));
 	context.commit = commit;
 	context.pretty_ctx = pretty_ctx;
 	context.wrap_start = sb->len;
+	context.message = commit->buffer;
+	if (output_enc) {
+		enc = get_header(commit, "encoding");
+		enc = enc ? enc : utf8;
+		if (strcmp(enc, output_enc))
+			context.message = logmsg_reencode(commit, output_enc);
+	}
+
 	strbuf_expand(sb, format, format_commit_item, &context);
 	rewrap_message_tail(sb, &context, 0, 0, 0);
+
+	if (context.message != commit->buffer)
+		free(context.message);
 }
 
 static void pp_header(enum cmit_fmt fmt,
@@ -1159,11 +1173,7 @@
 {
 	const char *encoding;
 
-	encoding = (git_log_output_encoding
-		    ? git_log_output_encoding
-		    : git_commit_encoding);
-	if (!encoding)
-		encoding = "UTF-8";
+	encoding = get_log_output_encoding();
 	if (encoding_p)
 		*encoding_p = encoding;
 	return logmsg_reencode(commit, encoding);
diff --git a/read-cache.c b/read-cache.c
index 1f42473..4f2e890 100644
--- a/read-cache.c
+++ b/read-cache.c
@@ -608,6 +608,29 @@
 		ce->ce_mode = ce_mode_from_stat(ent, st_mode);
 	}
 
+	/* When core.ignorecase=true, determine if a directory of the same name but differing
+	 * case already exists within the Git repository.  If it does, ensure the directory
+	 * case of the file being added to the repository matches (is folded into) the existing
+	 * entry's directory case.
+	 */
+	if (ignore_case) {
+		const char *startPtr = ce->name;
+		const char *ptr = startPtr;
+		while (*ptr) {
+			while (*ptr && *ptr != '/')
+				++ptr;
+			if (*ptr == '/') {
+				struct cache_entry *foundce;
+				++ptr;
+				foundce = index_name_exists(&the_index, ce->name, ptr - ce->name, ignore_case);
+				if (foundce) {
+					memcpy((void *)startPtr, foundce->name + (startPtr - ce->name), ptr - startPtr);
+					startPtr = ptr;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	alias = index_name_exists(istate, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), ignore_case);
 	if (alias && !ce_stage(alias) && !ie_match_stat(istate, alias, st, ce_option)) {
 		/* Nothing changed, really */
diff --git a/remote.c b/remote.c
index 9143ec7..ca42a12 100644
--- a/remote.c
+++ b/remote.c
@@ -493,7 +493,7 @@
 }
 
 /*
- * We need to make sure the tracking branches are well formed, but a
+ * We need to make sure the remote-tracking branches are well formed, but a
  * wildcard refspec in "struct refspec" must have a trailing slash. We
  * temporarily drop the trailing '/' while calling check_ref_format(),
  * and put it back.  The caller knows that a CHECK_REF_FORMAT_ONELEVEL
diff --git a/rerere.c b/rerere.c
index 861ca7c..d260843 100644
--- a/rerere.c
+++ b/rerere.c
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@
 	 */
 	ll_merge(&result, path, &mmfile[0], NULL,
 		 &mmfile[1], "ours",
-		 &mmfile[2], "theirs", 0);
+		 &mmfile[2], "theirs", NULL);
 	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
 		free(mmfile[i].ptr);
 
diff --git a/revision.c b/revision.c
index ded8812..7b9eaef 100644
--- a/revision.c
+++ b/revision.c
@@ -444,15 +444,15 @@
 	commit->object.flags |= TREESAME;
 }
 
-static void insert_by_date_cached(struct commit *p, struct commit_list **head,
+static void commit_list_insert_by_date_cached(struct commit *p, struct commit_list **head,
 		    struct commit_list *cached_base, struct commit_list **cache)
 {
 	struct commit_list *new_entry;
 
 	if (cached_base && p->date < cached_base->item->date)
-		new_entry = insert_by_date(p, &cached_base->next);
+		new_entry = commit_list_insert_by_date(p, &cached_base->next);
 	else
-		new_entry = insert_by_date(p, head);
+		new_entry = commit_list_insert_by_date(p, head);
 
 	if (cache && (!*cache || p->date < (*cache)->item->date))
 		*cache = new_entry;
@@ -494,7 +494,7 @@
 			if (p->object.flags & SEEN)
 				continue;
 			p->object.flags |= SEEN;
-			insert_by_date_cached(p, list, cached_base, cache_ptr);
+			commit_list_insert_by_date_cached(p, list, cached_base, cache_ptr);
 		}
 		return 0;
 	}
@@ -521,7 +521,7 @@
 		p->object.flags |= left_flag;
 		if (!(p->object.flags & SEEN)) {
 			p->object.flags |= SEEN;
-			insert_by_date_cached(p, list, cached_base, cache_ptr);
+			commit_list_insert_by_date_cached(p, list, cached_base, cache_ptr);
 		}
 		if (revs->first_parent_only)
 			break;
@@ -1891,7 +1891,7 @@
 		if (commit) {
 			if (!(commit->object.flags & SEEN)) {
 				commit->object.flags |= SEEN;
-				insert_by_date(commit, &revs->commits);
+				commit_list_insert_by_date(commit, &revs->commits);
 			}
 		}
 		e++;
diff --git a/send-pack.h b/send-pack.h
index 60b4ba6..05d7ab1 100644
--- a/send-pack.h
+++ b/send-pack.h
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 	unsigned verbose:1,
 		quiet:1,
 		porcelain:1,
+		progress:1,
 		send_mirror:1,
 		force_update:1,
 		use_thin_pack:1,
diff --git a/setup.c b/setup.c
index 346ef2e..3d73269 100644
--- a/setup.c
+++ b/setup.c
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 static int inside_git_dir = -1;
 static int inside_work_tree = -1;
 
-const char *prefix_path(const char *prefix, int len, const char *path)
+char *prefix_path(const char *prefix, int len, const char *path)
 {
 	const char *orig = path;
 	char *sanitized = xmalloc(len + strlen(path) + 1);
@@ -208,24 +208,6 @@
 	return inside_work_tree;
 }
 
-/*
- * set_work_tree() is only ever called if you set GIT_DIR explicitly.
- * The old behaviour (which we retain here) is to set the work tree root
- * to the cwd, unless overridden by the config, the command line, or
- * GIT_WORK_TREE.
- */
-static const char *set_work_tree(const char *dir)
-{
-	char buffer[PATH_MAX + 1];
-
-	if (!getcwd(buffer, sizeof(buffer)))
-		die ("Could not get the current working directory");
-	git_work_tree_cfg = xstrdup(buffer);
-	inside_work_tree = 1;
-
-	return NULL;
-}
-
 void setup_work_tree(void)
 {
 	const char *work_tree, *git_dir;
@@ -239,13 +221,33 @@
 		git_dir = make_absolute_path(git_dir);
 	if (!work_tree || chdir(work_tree))
 		die("This operation must be run in a work tree");
+
+	/*
+	 * Make sure subsequent git processes find correct worktree
+	 * if $GIT_WORK_TREE is set relative
+	 */
+	if (getenv(GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT))
+		setenv(GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT, ".", 1);
+
 	set_git_dir(make_relative_path(git_dir, work_tree));
 	initialized = 1;
 }
 
-static int check_repository_format_gently(int *nongit_ok)
+static int check_repository_format_gently(const char *gitdir, int *nongit_ok)
 {
-	git_config(check_repository_format_version, NULL);
+	char repo_config[PATH_MAX+1];
+
+	/*
+	 * git_config() can't be used here because it calls git_pathdup()
+	 * to get $GIT_CONFIG/config. That call will make setup_git_env()
+	 * set git_dir to ".git".
+	 *
+	 * We are in gitdir setup, no git dir has been found useable yet.
+	 * Use a gentler version of git_config() to check if this repo
+	 * is a good one.
+	 */
+	snprintf(repo_config, PATH_MAX, "%s/config", gitdir);
+	git_config_early(check_repository_format_version, NULL, repo_config);
 	if (GIT_REPO_VERSION < repository_format_version) {
 		if (!nongit_ok)
 			die ("Expected git repo version <= %d, found %d",
@@ -314,64 +316,115 @@
 }
 
 static const char *setup_explicit_git_dir(const char *gitdirenv,
-				const char *work_tree_env, int *nongit_ok)
+					  char *cwd, int len,
+					  int *nongit_ok)
 {
-	static char buffer[1024 + 1];
-	const char *retval;
+	const char *work_tree_env = getenv(GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT);
+	const char *worktree;
+	char *gitfile;
 
 	if (PATH_MAX - 40 < strlen(gitdirenv))
 		die("'$%s' too big", GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
+
+	gitfile = (char*)read_gitfile_gently(gitdirenv);
+	if (gitfile) {
+		gitfile = xstrdup(gitfile);
+		gitdirenv = gitfile;
+	}
+
 	if (!is_git_directory(gitdirenv)) {
 		if (nongit_ok) {
 			*nongit_ok = 1;
+			free(gitfile);
 			return NULL;
 		}
 		die("Not a git repository: '%s'", gitdirenv);
 	}
-	if (!work_tree_env) {
-		retval = set_work_tree(gitdirenv);
-		/* config may override worktree */
-		if (check_repository_format_gently(nongit_ok))
-			return NULL;
-		return retval;
+
+	if (check_repository_format_gently(gitdirenv, nongit_ok)) {
+		free(gitfile);
+		return NULL;
 	}
-	if (check_repository_format_gently(nongit_ok))
+
+	/* #3, #7, #11, #15, #19, #23, #27, #31 (see t1510) */
+	if (work_tree_env)
+		set_git_work_tree(work_tree_env);
+	else if (is_bare_repository_cfg > 0) {
+		if (git_work_tree_cfg) /* #22.2, #30 */
+			die("core.bare and core.worktree do not make sense");
+
+		/* #18, #26 */
+		set_git_dir(gitdirenv);
+		free(gitfile);
 		return NULL;
-	retval = get_relative_cwd(buffer, sizeof(buffer) - 1,
-			get_git_work_tree());
-	if (!retval || !*retval)
+	}
+	else if (git_work_tree_cfg) { /* #6, #14 */
+		if (is_absolute_path(git_work_tree_cfg))
+			set_git_work_tree(git_work_tree_cfg);
+		else {
+			char core_worktree[PATH_MAX];
+			if (chdir(gitdirenv))
+				die_errno("Could not chdir to '%s'", gitdirenv);
+			if (chdir(git_work_tree_cfg))
+				die_errno("Could not chdir to '%s'", git_work_tree_cfg);
+			if (!getcwd(core_worktree, PATH_MAX))
+				die_errno("Could not get directory '%s'", git_work_tree_cfg);
+			if (chdir(cwd))
+				die_errno("Could not come back to cwd");
+			set_git_work_tree(core_worktree);
+		}
+	}
+	else /* #2, #10 */
+		set_git_work_tree(".");
+
+	/* set_git_work_tree() must have been called by now */
+	worktree = get_git_work_tree();
+
+	/* both get_git_work_tree() and cwd are already normalized */
+	if (!strcmp(cwd, worktree)) { /* cwd == worktree */
+		set_git_dir(gitdirenv);
+		free(gitfile);
 		return NULL;
-	set_git_dir(make_absolute_path(gitdirenv));
-	if (chdir(work_tree_env) < 0)
-		die_errno ("Could not chdir to '%s'", work_tree_env);
-	strcat(buffer, "/");
-	return retval;
+	}
+
+	if (!prefixcmp(cwd, worktree) &&
+	    cwd[strlen(worktree)] == '/') { /* cwd inside worktree */
+		set_git_dir(make_absolute_path(gitdirenv));
+		if (chdir(worktree))
+			die_errno("Could not chdir to '%s'", worktree);
+		cwd[len++] = '/';
+		cwd[len] = '\0';
+		free(gitfile);
+		return cwd + strlen(worktree) + 1;
+	}
+
+	/* cwd outside worktree */
+	set_git_dir(gitdirenv);
+	free(gitfile);
+	return NULL;
 }
 
-static int cwd_contains_git_dir(const char **gitfile_dirp)
+static const char *setup_discovered_git_dir(const char *gitdir,
+					    char *cwd, int offset, int len,
+					    int *nongit_ok)
 {
-	const char *gitfile_dir = read_gitfile_gently(DEFAULT_GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
-	*gitfile_dirp = gitfile_dir;
-	if (gitfile_dir) {
-		if (set_git_dir(gitfile_dir))
-			die("Repository setup failed");
-		return 1;
+	if (check_repository_format_gently(gitdir, nongit_ok))
+		return NULL;
+
+	/* #16.2, #17.2, #20.2, #21.2, #24, #25, #28, #29 (see t1510) */
+	if (is_bare_repository_cfg > 0) {
+		set_git_dir(offset == len ? gitdir : make_absolute_path(gitdir));
+		if (chdir(cwd))
+			die_errno("Could not come back to cwd");
+		return NULL;
 	}
-	return is_git_directory(DEFAULT_GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
-}
 
-static const char *setup_discovered_git_dir(const char *work_tree_env,
-		int offset, int len, char *cwd, int *nongit_ok)
-{
-	int root_len;
-
+	/* #0, #1, #5, #8, #9, #12, #13 */
+	set_git_work_tree(".");
+	if (strcmp(gitdir, DEFAULT_GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT))
+		set_git_dir(gitdir);
 	inside_git_dir = 0;
-	if (!work_tree_env)
-		inside_work_tree = 1;
-	root_len = offset_1st_component(cwd);
-	git_work_tree_cfg = xstrndup(cwd, offset > root_len ? offset : root_len);
-	if (check_repository_format_gently(nongit_ok))
-		return NULL;
+	inside_work_tree = 1;
 	if (offset == len)
 		return NULL;
 
@@ -382,23 +435,25 @@
 	return cwd + offset;
 }
 
-static const char *setup_bare_git_dir(const char *work_tree_env,
-		int offset, int len, char *cwd, int *nongit_ok)
+/* #16.1, #17.1, #20.1, #21.1, #22.1 (see t1510) */
+static const char *setup_bare_git_dir(char *cwd, int offset, int len, int *nongit_ok)
 {
 	int root_len;
 
+	if (check_repository_format_gently(".", nongit_ok))
+		return NULL;
+
 	inside_git_dir = 1;
-	if (!work_tree_env)
-		inside_work_tree = 0;
+	inside_work_tree = 0;
 	if (offset != len) {
 		if (chdir(cwd))
 			die_errno("Cannot come back to cwd");
 		root_len = offset_1st_component(cwd);
 		cwd[offset > root_len ? offset : root_len] = '\0';
 		set_git_dir(cwd);
-	} else
+	}
+	else
 		set_git_dir(".");
-	check_repository_format_gently(nongit_ok);
 	return NULL;
 }
 
@@ -428,11 +483,10 @@
  */
 static const char *setup_git_directory_gently_1(int *nongit_ok)
 {
-	const char *work_tree_env = getenv(GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT);
 	const char *env_ceiling_dirs = getenv(CEILING_DIRECTORIES_ENVIRONMENT);
 	static char cwd[PATH_MAX+1];
-	const char *gitdirenv;
-	const char *gitfile_dir;
+	const char *gitdirenv, *ret;
+	char *gitfile;
 	int len, offset, ceil_offset;
 	dev_t current_device = 0;
 	int one_filesystem = 1;
@@ -445,6 +499,10 @@
 	if (nongit_ok)
 		*nongit_ok = 0;
 
+	if (!getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd)-1))
+		die_errno("Unable to read current working directory");
+	offset = len = strlen(cwd);
+
 	/*
 	 * If GIT_DIR is set explicitly, we're not going
 	 * to do any discovery, but we still do repository
@@ -452,10 +510,7 @@
 	 */
 	gitdirenv = getenv(GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
 	if (gitdirenv)
-		return setup_explicit_git_dir(gitdirenv, work_tree_env, nongit_ok);
-
-	if (!getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd)-1))
-		die_errno("Unable to read current working directory");
+		return setup_explicit_git_dir(gitdirenv, cwd, len, nongit_ok);
 
 	ceil_offset = longest_ancestor_length(cwd, env_ceiling_dirs);
 	if (ceil_offset < 0 && has_dos_drive_prefix(cwd))
@@ -472,17 +527,30 @@
 	 * - ../../.git/
 	 *   etc.
 	 */
-	offset = len = strlen(cwd);
 	one_filesystem = !git_env_bool("GIT_DISCOVERY_ACROSS_FILESYSTEM", 0);
 	if (one_filesystem)
 		current_device = get_device_or_die(".", NULL);
 	for (;;) {
-		if (cwd_contains_git_dir(&gitfile_dir))
-			return setup_discovered_git_dir(work_tree_env, offset,
-							len, cwd, nongit_ok);
+		gitfile = (char*)read_gitfile_gently(DEFAULT_GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
+		if (gitfile)
+			gitdirenv = gitfile = xstrdup(gitfile);
+		else {
+			if (is_git_directory(DEFAULT_GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT))
+				gitdirenv = DEFAULT_GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT;
+		}
+
+		if (gitdirenv) {
+			ret = setup_discovered_git_dir(gitdirenv,
+						       cwd, offset, len,
+						       nongit_ok);
+			free(gitfile);
+			return ret;
+		}
+		free(gitfile);
+
 		if (is_git_directory("."))
-			return setup_bare_git_dir(work_tree_env, offset,
-							len, cwd, nongit_ok);
+			return setup_bare_git_dir(cwd, offset, len, nongit_ok);
+
 		while (--offset > ceil_offset && cwd[offset] != '/');
 		if (offset <= ceil_offset)
 			return setup_nongit(cwd, nongit_ok);
@@ -512,8 +580,10 @@
 	const char *prefix;
 
 	prefix = setup_git_directory_gently_1(nongit_ok);
-	if (startup_info)
+	if (startup_info) {
 		startup_info->have_repository = !nongit_ok || !*nongit_ok;
+		startup_info->prefix = prefix;
+	}
 	return prefix;
 }
 
@@ -590,7 +660,7 @@
 
 int check_repository_format(void)
 {
-	return check_repository_format_gently(NULL);
+	return check_repository_format_gently(get_git_dir(), NULL);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -601,19 +671,5 @@
  */
 const char *setup_git_directory(void)
 {
-	const char *retval = setup_git_directory_gently(NULL);
-
-	/* If the work tree is not the default one, recompute prefix */
-	if (inside_work_tree < 0) {
-		static char buffer[PATH_MAX + 1];
-		char *rel;
-		if (retval && chdir(retval))
-			die_errno ("Could not jump back into original cwd");
-		rel = get_relative_cwd(buffer, PATH_MAX, get_git_work_tree());
-		if (rel && *rel && chdir(get_git_work_tree()))
-			die_errno ("Could not jump to working directory");
-		return rel && *rel ? strcat(rel, "/") : NULL;
-	}
-
-	return retval;
+	return setup_git_directory_gently(NULL);
 }
diff --git a/sha1_file.c b/sha1_file.c
index 0cd9435..1cafdfa 100644
--- a/sha1_file.c
+++ b/sha1_file.c
@@ -35,6 +35,8 @@
 
 const unsigned char null_sha1[20];
 
+static int git_open_noatime(const char *name, struct packed_git *p);
+
 int safe_create_leading_directories(char *path)
 {
 	char *pos = path + offset_1st_component(path);
@@ -298,7 +300,7 @@
 	int fd;
 
 	sprintf(path, "%s/%s", relative_base, alt_file_name);
-	fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
+	fd = git_open_noatime(path, NULL);
 	if (fd < 0)
 		return;
 	if (fstat(fd, &st) || (st.st_size == 0)) {
@@ -411,7 +413,7 @@
 	struct pack_idx_header *hdr;
 	size_t idx_size;
 	uint32_t version, nr, i, *index;
-	int fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
+	int fd = git_open_noatime(path, p);
 	struct stat st;
 
 	if (fd < 0)
@@ -576,6 +578,21 @@
 		; /* nothing */
 }
 
+void *xmmap(void *start, size_t length,
+	int prot, int flags, int fd, off_t offset)
+{
+	void *ret = mmap(start, length, prot, flags, fd, offset);
+	if (ret == MAP_FAILED) {
+		if (!length)
+			return NULL;
+		release_pack_memory(length, fd);
+		ret = mmap(start, length, prot, flags, fd, offset);
+		if (ret == MAP_FAILED)
+			die_errno("Out of memory? mmap failed");
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
 void close_pack_windows(struct packed_git *p)
 {
 	while (p->windows) {
@@ -655,9 +672,7 @@
 	if (!p->index_data && open_pack_index(p))
 		return error("packfile %s index unavailable", p->pack_name);
 
-	p->pack_fd = open(p->pack_name, O_RDONLY);
-	while (p->pack_fd < 0 && errno == EMFILE && unuse_one_window(p, -1))
-		p->pack_fd = open(p->pack_name, O_RDONLY);
+	p->pack_fd = git_open_noatime(p->pack_name, p);
 	if (p->pack_fd < 0 || fstat(p->pack_fd, &st))
 		return -1;
 
@@ -803,11 +818,22 @@
 	return p;
 }
 
+static void try_to_free_pack_memory(size_t size)
+{
+	release_pack_memory(size, -1);
+}
+
 struct packed_git *add_packed_git(const char *path, int path_len, int local)
 {
+	static int have_set_try_to_free_routine;
 	struct stat st;
 	struct packed_git *p = alloc_packed_git(path_len + 2);
 
+	if (!have_set_try_to_free_routine) {
+		have_set_try_to_free_routine = 1;
+		set_try_to_free_routine(try_to_free_pack_memory);
+	}
+
 	/*
 	 * Make sure a corresponding .pack file exists and that
 	 * the index looks sane.
@@ -874,7 +900,7 @@
 	sprintf(path, "%s/pack", objdir);
 	len = strlen(path);
 	dir = opendir(path);
-	while (!dir && errno == EMFILE && unuse_one_window(packed_git, -1))
+	while (!dir && errno == EMFILE && unuse_one_window(NULL, -1))
 		dir = opendir(path);
 	if (!dir) {
 		if (errno != ENOENT)
@@ -1003,7 +1029,7 @@
 	p->num_bad_objects++;
 }
 
-static int has_packed_and_bad(const unsigned char *sha1)
+static const struct packed_git *has_packed_and_bad(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	struct packed_git *p;
 	unsigned i;
@@ -1011,8 +1037,8 @@
 	for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next)
 		for (i = 0; i < p->num_bad_objects; i++)
 			if (!hashcmp(sha1, p->bad_object_sha1 + 20 * i))
-				return 1;
-	return 0;
+				return p;
+	return NULL;
 }
 
 int check_sha1_signature(const unsigned char *sha1, void *map, unsigned long size, const char *type)
@@ -1022,18 +1048,31 @@
 	return hashcmp(sha1, real_sha1) ? -1 : 0;
 }
 
-static int git_open_noatime(const char *name)
+static int git_open_noatime(const char *name, struct packed_git *p)
 {
 	static int sha1_file_open_flag = O_NOATIME;
-	int fd = open(name, O_RDONLY | sha1_file_open_flag);
 
-	/* Might the failure be due to O_NOATIME? */
-	if (fd < 0 && errno != ENOENT && sha1_file_open_flag) {
-		fd = open(name, O_RDONLY);
+	for (;;) {
+		int fd = open(name, O_RDONLY | sha1_file_open_flag);
 		if (fd >= 0)
+			return fd;
+
+		/* Might the failure be insufficient file descriptors? */
+		if (errno == EMFILE) {
+			if (unuse_one_window(p, -1))
+				continue;
+			else
+				return -1;
+		}
+
+		/* Might the failure be due to O_NOATIME? */
+		if (errno != ENOENT && sha1_file_open_flag) {
 			sha1_file_open_flag = 0;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		return -1;
 	}
-	return fd;
 }
 
 static int open_sha1_file(const unsigned char *sha1)
@@ -1042,7 +1081,7 @@
 	char *name = sha1_file_name(sha1);
 	struct alternate_object_database *alt;
 
-	fd = git_open_noatime(name);
+	fd = git_open_noatime(name, NULL);
 	if (fd >= 0)
 		return fd;
 
@@ -1051,7 +1090,7 @@
 	for (alt = alt_odb_list; alt; alt = alt->next) {
 		name = alt->name;
 		fill_sha1_path(name, sha1);
-		fd = git_open_noatime(alt->base);
+		fd = git_open_noatime(alt->base, NULL);
 		if (fd >= 0)
 			return fd;
 	}
@@ -2079,36 +2118,48 @@
 	return read_packed_sha1(sha1, type, size);
 }
 
+/*
+ * This function dies on corrupt objects; the callers who want to
+ * deal with them should arrange to call read_object() and give error
+ * messages themselves.
+ */
 void *read_sha1_file_repl(const unsigned char *sha1,
 			  enum object_type *type,
 			  unsigned long *size,
 			  const unsigned char **replacement)
 {
 	const unsigned char *repl = lookup_replace_object(sha1);
-	void *data = read_object(repl, type, size);
+	void *data;
 	char *path;
+	const struct packed_git *p;
+
+	errno = 0;
+	data = read_object(repl, type, size);
+	if (data) {
+		if (replacement)
+			*replacement = repl;
+		return data;
+	}
+
+	if (errno != ENOENT)
+		die_errno("failed to read object %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 
 	/* die if we replaced an object with one that does not exist */
-	if (!data && repl != sha1)
+	if (repl != sha1)
 		die("replacement %s not found for %s",
 		    sha1_to_hex(repl), sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 
-	/* legacy behavior is to die on corrupted objects */
-	if (!data) {
-		if (has_loose_object(repl)) {
-			path = sha1_file_name(sha1);
-			die("loose object %s (stored in %s) is corrupted", sha1_to_hex(repl), path);
-		}
-		if (has_packed_and_bad(repl)) {
-			path = sha1_pack_name(sha1);
-			die("packed object %s (stored in %s) is corrupted", sha1_to_hex(repl), path);
-		}
+	if (has_loose_object(repl)) {
+		path = sha1_file_name(sha1);
+		die("loose object %s (stored in %s) is corrupt",
+		    sha1_to_hex(repl), path);
 	}
 
-	if (replacement)
-		*replacement = repl;
+	if ((p = has_packed_and_bad(repl)) != NULL)
+		die("packed object %s (stored in %s) is corrupt",
+		    sha1_to_hex(repl), p->pack_name);
 
-	return data;
+	return NULL;
 }
 
 void *read_object_with_reference(const unsigned char *sha1,
@@ -2300,7 +2351,7 @@
 
 	filename = sha1_file_name(sha1);
 	fd = create_tmpfile(tmpfile, sizeof(tmpfile), filename);
-	while (fd < 0 && errno == EMFILE && unuse_one_window(packed_git, -1))
+	while (fd < 0 && errno == EMFILE && unuse_one_window(NULL, -1))
 		fd = create_tmpfile(tmpfile, sizeof(tmpfile), filename);
 	if (fd < 0) {
 		if (errno == EACCES)
diff --git a/sha1_name.c b/sha1_name.c
index 3e856b8..709ff2e 100644
--- a/sha1_name.c
+++ b/sha1_name.c
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "remote.h"
 
+static int get_sha1_oneline(const char *, unsigned char *, struct commit_list *);
+
 static int find_short_object_filename(int len, const char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	struct alternate_object_database *alt;
@@ -206,7 +208,9 @@
 		if (exists
 		    ? !status
 		    : status == SHORT_NAME_NOT_FOUND) {
-			hex[len] = 0;
+			int cut_at = len + unique_abbrev_extra_length;
+			cut_at = (cut_at < 40) ? cut_at : 40;
+			hex[cut_at] = 0;
 			return hex;
 		}
 		len++;
@@ -560,6 +564,8 @@
 		expected_type = OBJ_BLOB;
 	else if (sp[0] == '}')
 		expected_type = OBJ_NONE;
+	else if (sp[0] == '/')
+		expected_type = OBJ_COMMIT;
 	else
 		return -1;
 
@@ -574,19 +580,37 @@
 		if (!o || (!o->parsed && !parse_object(o->sha1)))
 			return -1;
 		hashcpy(sha1, o->sha1);
+		return 0;
 	}
-	else {
-		/*
-		 * At this point, the syntax look correct, so
-		 * if we do not get the needed object, we should
-		 * barf.
-		 */
-		o = peel_to_type(name, len, o, expected_type);
-		if (o) {
-			hashcpy(sha1, o->sha1);
-			return 0;
-		}
+
+	/*
+	 * At this point, the syntax look correct, so
+	 * if we do not get the needed object, we should
+	 * barf.
+	 */
+	o = peel_to_type(name, len, o, expected_type);
+	if (!o)
 		return -1;
+
+	hashcpy(sha1, o->sha1);
+	if (sp[0] == '/') {
+		/* "$commit^{/foo}" */
+		char *prefix;
+		int ret;
+		struct commit_list *list = NULL;
+
+		/*
+		 * $commit^{/}. Some regex implementation may reject.
+		 * We don't need regex anyway. '' pattern always matches.
+		 */
+		if (sp[1] == '}')
+			return 0;
+
+		prefix = xstrndup(sp + 1, name + len - 1 - (sp + 1));
+		commit_list_insert((struct commit *)o, &list);
+		ret = get_sha1_oneline(prefix, sha1, list);
+		free(prefix);
+		return ret;
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -683,16 +707,15 @@
 	}
 	if (object->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
 		return 0;
-	insert_by_date((struct commit *)object, list);
-	object->flags |= ONELINE_SEEN;
+	commit_list_insert_by_date((struct commit *)object, list);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int get_sha1_oneline(const char *prefix, unsigned char *sha1)
+static int get_sha1_oneline(const char *prefix, unsigned char *sha1,
+			    struct commit_list *list)
 {
-	struct commit_list *list = NULL, *backup = NULL, *l;
-	int retval = -1;
-	char *temp_commit_buffer = NULL;
+	struct commit_list *backup = NULL, *l;
+	int found = 0;
 	regex_t regex;
 
 	if (prefix[0] == '!') {
@@ -704,41 +727,45 @@
 	if (regcomp(&regex, prefix, REG_EXTENDED))
 		die("Invalid search pattern: %s", prefix);
 
-	for_each_ref(handle_one_ref, &list);
-	for (l = list; l; l = l->next)
+	for (l = list; l; l = l->next) {
+		l->item->object.flags |= ONELINE_SEEN;
 		commit_list_insert(l->item, &backup);
+	}
 	while (list) {
-		char *p;
+		char *p, *to_free = NULL;
 		struct commit *commit;
 		enum object_type type;
 		unsigned long size;
+		int matches;
 
 		commit = pop_most_recent_commit(&list, ONELINE_SEEN);
 		if (!parse_object(commit->object.sha1))
 			continue;
-		free(temp_commit_buffer);
 		if (commit->buffer)
 			p = commit->buffer;
 		else {
 			p = read_sha1_file(commit->object.sha1, &type, &size);
 			if (!p)
 				continue;
-			temp_commit_buffer = p;
+			to_free = p;
 		}
-		if (!(p = strstr(p, "\n\n")))
-			continue;
-		if (!regexec(&regex, p + 2, 0, NULL, 0)) {
+
+		p = strstr(p, "\n\n");
+		matches = p && !regexec(&regex, p + 2, 0, NULL, 0);
+		free(to_free);
+
+		if (matches) {
 			hashcpy(sha1, commit->object.sha1);
-			retval = 0;
+			found = 1;
 			break;
 		}
 	}
 	regfree(&regex);
-	free(temp_commit_buffer);
 	free_commit_list(list);
 	for (l = backup; l; l = l->next)
 		clear_commit_marks(l->item, ONELINE_SEEN);
-	return retval;
+	free_commit_list(backup);
+	return found ? 0 : -1;
 }
 
 struct grab_nth_branch_switch_cbdata {
@@ -934,6 +961,24 @@
 	return len;
 }
 
+int strbuf_branchname(struct strbuf *sb, const char *name)
+{
+	int len = strlen(name);
+	if (interpret_branch_name(name, sb) == len)
+		return 0;
+	strbuf_add(sb, name, len);
+	return len;
+}
+
+int strbuf_check_branch_ref(struct strbuf *sb, const char *name)
+{
+	strbuf_branchname(sb, name);
+	if (name[0] == '-')
+		return CHECK_REF_FORMAT_ERROR;
+	strbuf_splice(sb, 0, 0, "refs/heads/", 11);
+	return check_ref_format(sb->buf);
+}
+
 /*
  * This is like "get_sha1_basic()", except it allows "sha1 expressions",
  * notably "xyz^" for "parent of xyz"
@@ -1046,6 +1091,23 @@
 	return ret;
 }
 
+static char *resolve_relative_path(const char *rel)
+{
+	if (prefixcmp(rel, "./") && prefixcmp(rel, "../"))
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (!startup_info)
+		die("BUG: startup_info struct is not initialized.");
+
+	if (!is_inside_work_tree())
+		die("relative path syntax can't be used outside working tree.");
+
+	/* die() inside prefix_path() if resolved path is outside worktree */
+	return prefix_path(startup_info->prefix,
+			   startup_info->prefix ? strlen(startup_info->prefix) : 0,
+			   rel);
+}
+
 int get_sha1_with_context_1(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1,
 			    struct object_context *oc,
 			    int gently, const char *prefix)
@@ -1060,17 +1122,21 @@
 	if (!ret)
 		return ret;
 	/* sha1:path --> object name of path in ent sha1
-	 * :path -> object name of path in index
+	 * :path -> object name of absolute path in index
+	 * :./path -> object name of path relative to cwd in index
 	 * :[0-3]:path -> object name of path in index at stage
 	 * :/foo -> recent commit matching foo
 	 */
 	if (name[0] == ':') {
 		int stage = 0;
 		struct cache_entry *ce;
+		char *new_path = NULL;
 		int pos;
-		if (namelen > 2 && name[1] == '/')
-			/* don't need mode for commit */
-			return get_sha1_oneline(name + 2, sha1);
+		if (namelen > 2 && name[1] == '/') {
+			struct commit_list *list = NULL;
+			for_each_ref(handle_one_ref, &list);
+			return get_sha1_oneline(name + 2, sha1, list);
+		}
 		if (namelen < 3 ||
 		    name[2] != ':' ||
 		    name[1] < '0' || '3' < name[1])
@@ -1079,7 +1145,13 @@
 			stage = name[1] - '0';
 			cp = name + 3;
 		}
-		namelen = namelen - (cp - name);
+		new_path = resolve_relative_path(cp);
+		if (!new_path) {
+			namelen = namelen - (cp - name);
+		} else {
+			cp = new_path;
+			namelen = strlen(cp);
+		}
 
 		strncpy(oc->path, cp,
 			sizeof(oc->path));
@@ -1098,12 +1170,14 @@
 			if (ce_stage(ce) == stage) {
 				hashcpy(sha1, ce->sha1);
 				oc->mode = ce->ce_mode;
+				free(new_path);
 				return 0;
 			}
 			pos++;
 		}
 		if (!gently)
 			diagnose_invalid_index_path(stage, prefix, cp);
+		free(new_path);
 		return -1;
 	}
 	for (cp = name, bracket_depth = 0; *cp; cp++) {
@@ -1124,6 +1198,11 @@
 		}
 		if (!get_sha1_1(name, cp-name, tree_sha1)) {
 			const char *filename = cp+1;
+			char *new_filename = NULL;
+
+			new_filename = resolve_relative_path(filename);
+			if (new_filename)
+				filename = new_filename;
 			ret = get_tree_entry(tree_sha1, filename, sha1, &oc->mode);
 			if (!gently) {
 				diagnose_invalid_sha1_path(prefix, filename,
@@ -1135,6 +1214,7 @@
 				sizeof(oc->path));
 			oc->path[sizeof(oc->path)-1] = '\0';
 
+			free(new_filename);
 			return ret;
 		} else {
 			if (!gently)
diff --git a/shell.c b/shell.c
index e4864e0..dea4cfd 100644
--- a/shell.c
+++ b/shell.c
@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@
 #include "quote.h"
 #include "exec_cmd.h"
 #include "strbuf.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+
+#define COMMAND_DIR "git-shell-commands"
+#define HELP_COMMAND COMMAND_DIR "/help"
 
 static int do_generic_cmd(const char *me, char *arg)
 {
@@ -33,6 +37,86 @@
 	return execv_git_cmd(cvsserver_argv);
 }
 
+static int is_valid_cmd_name(const char *cmd)
+{
+	/* Test command contains no . or / characters */
+	return cmd[strcspn(cmd, "./")] == '\0';
+}
+
+static char *make_cmd(const char *prog)
+{
+	char *prefix = xmalloc((strlen(prog) + strlen(COMMAND_DIR) + 2));
+	strcpy(prefix, COMMAND_DIR);
+	strcat(prefix, "/");
+	strcat(prefix, prog);
+	return prefix;
+}
+
+static void cd_to_homedir(void)
+{
+	const char *home = getenv("HOME");
+	if (!home)
+		die("could not determine user's home directory; HOME is unset");
+	if (chdir(home) == -1)
+		die("could not chdir to user's home directory");
+}
+
+static void run_shell(void)
+{
+	int done = 0;
+	static const char *help_argv[] = { HELP_COMMAND, NULL };
+	/* Print help if enabled */
+	run_command_v_opt(help_argv, RUN_SILENT_EXEC_FAILURE);
+
+	do {
+		struct strbuf line = STRBUF_INIT;
+		const char *prog;
+		char *full_cmd;
+		char *rawargs;
+		char *split_args;
+		const char **argv;
+		int code;
+		int count;
+
+		fprintf(stderr, "git> ");
+		if (strbuf_getline(&line, stdin, '\n') == EOF) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+			strbuf_release(&line);
+			break;
+		}
+		strbuf_trim(&line);
+		rawargs = strbuf_detach(&line, NULL);
+		split_args = xstrdup(rawargs);
+		count = split_cmdline(split_args, &argv);
+		if (count < 0) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "invalid command format '%s': %s\n", rawargs,
+				split_cmdline_strerror(count));
+			free(split_args);
+			free(rawargs);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		prog = argv[0];
+		if (!strcmp(prog, "")) {
+		} else if (!strcmp(prog, "quit") || !strcmp(prog, "logout") ||
+			   !strcmp(prog, "exit") || !strcmp(prog, "bye")) {
+			done = 1;
+		} else if (is_valid_cmd_name(prog)) {
+			full_cmd = make_cmd(prog);
+			argv[0] = full_cmd;
+			code = run_command_v_opt(argv, RUN_SILENT_EXEC_FAILURE);
+			if (code == -1 && errno == ENOENT) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "unrecognized command '%s'\n", prog);
+			}
+			free(full_cmd);
+		} else {
+			fprintf(stderr, "invalid command format '%s'\n", prog);
+		}
+
+		free(argv);
+		free(rawargs);
+	} while (!done);
+}
 
 static struct commands {
 	const char *name;
@@ -48,8 +132,10 @@
 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
 	char *prog;
+	const char **user_argv;
 	struct commands *cmd;
 	int devnull_fd;
+	int count;
 
 	/*
 	 * Always open file descriptors 0/1/2 to avoid clobbering files
@@ -66,17 +152,28 @@
 	/*
 	 * Special hack to pretend to be a CVS server
 	 */
-	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "cvs server"))
+	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "cvs server")) {
 		argv--;
+	} else if (argc == 1) {
+		/* Allow the user to run an interactive shell */
+		cd_to_homedir();
+		if (access(COMMAND_DIR, R_OK | X_OK) == -1) {
+			die("Interactive git shell is not enabled.\n"
+			    "hint: ~/" COMMAND_DIR " should exist "
+			    "and have read and execute access.");
+		}
+		run_shell();
+		exit(0);
+	} else if (argc != 3 || strcmp(argv[1], "-c")) {
+		/*
+		 * We do not accept any other modes except "-c" followed by
+		 * "cmd arg", where "cmd" is a very limited subset of git
+		 * commands or a command in the COMMAND_DIR
+		 */
+		die("Run with no arguments or with -c cmd");
+	}
 
-	/*
-	 * We do not accept anything but "-c" followed by "cmd arg",
-	 * where "cmd" is a very limited subset of git commands.
-	 */
-	else if (argc != 3 || strcmp(argv[1], "-c"))
-		die("What do you think I am? A shell?");
-
-	prog = argv[2];
+	prog = xstrdup(argv[2]);
 	if (!strncmp(prog, "git", 3) && isspace(prog[3]))
 		/* Accept "git foo" as if the caller said "git-foo". */
 		prog[3] = '-';
@@ -99,5 +196,21 @@
 		}
 		exit(cmd->exec(cmd->name, arg));
 	}
-	die("unrecognized command '%s'", prog);
+
+	cd_to_homedir();
+	count = split_cmdline(prog, &user_argv);
+	if (count >= 0) {
+		if (is_valid_cmd_name(user_argv[0])) {
+			prog = make_cmd(user_argv[0]);
+			user_argv[0] = prog;
+			execv(user_argv[0], (char *const *) user_argv);
+		}
+		free(prog);
+		free(user_argv);
+		die("unrecognized command '%s'", argv[2]);
+	} else {
+		free(prog);
+		die("invalid command format '%s': %s", argv[2],
+		    split_cmdline_strerror(count));
+	}
 }
diff --git a/strbuf.c b/strbuf.c
index bc3a080..9b3c445 100644
--- a/strbuf.c
+++ b/strbuf.c
@@ -386,19 +386,3 @@
 
 	return len;
 }
-
-int strbuf_branchname(struct strbuf *sb, const char *name)
-{
-	int len = strlen(name);
-	if (interpret_branch_name(name, sb) == len)
-		return 0;
-	strbuf_add(sb, name, len);
-	return len;
-}
-
-int strbuf_check_branch_ref(struct strbuf *sb, const char *name)
-{
-	strbuf_branchname(sb, name);
-	strbuf_splice(sb, 0, 0, "refs/heads/", 11);
-	return check_ref_format(sb->buf);
-}
diff --git a/submodule.c b/submodule.c
index 91a4758..6f1c107 100644
--- a/submodule.c
+++ b/submodule.c
@@ -10,7 +10,9 @@
 #include "string-list.h"
 
 struct string_list config_name_for_path;
+struct string_list config_fetch_recurse_submodules_for_name;
 struct string_list config_ignore_for_name;
+static int config_fetch_recurse_submodules;
 
 static int add_submodule_odb(const char *path)
 {
@@ -63,10 +65,14 @@
 	}
 }
 
-static int submodule_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+int submodule_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
 	if (!prefixcmp(var, "submodule."))
 		return parse_submodule_config_option(var, value);
+	else if (!strcmp(var, "fetch.recursesubmodules")) {
+		config_fetch_recurse_submodules = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -100,6 +106,14 @@
 			config = string_list_append(&config_name_for_path, xstrdup(value));
 		config->util = strbuf_detach(&submodname, NULL);
 		strbuf_release(&submodname);
+	} else if ((len > 23) && !strcmp(var + len - 23, ".fetchrecursesubmodules")) {
+		strbuf_add(&submodname, var, len - 23);
+		config = unsorted_string_list_lookup(&config_fetch_recurse_submodules_for_name, submodname.buf);
+		if (!config)
+			config = string_list_append(&config_fetch_recurse_submodules_for_name,
+						    strbuf_detach(&submodname, NULL));
+		config->util = git_config_bool(var, value) ? (void *)1 : NULL;
+		strbuf_release(&submodname);
 	} else if ((len > 7) && !strcmp(var + len - 7, ".ignore")) {
 		if (strcmp(value, "untracked") && strcmp(value, "dirty") &&
 		    strcmp(value, "all") && strcmp(value, "none")) {
@@ -229,6 +243,89 @@
 	strbuf_release(&sb);
 }
 
+void set_config_fetch_recurse_submodules(int value)
+{
+	config_fetch_recurse_submodules = value;
+}
+
+int fetch_populated_submodules(int num_options, const char **options,
+			       const char *prefix, int ignore_config,
+			       int quiet)
+{
+	int i, result = 0, argc = 0;
+	struct child_process cp;
+	const char **argv;
+	struct string_list_item *name_for_path;
+	const char *work_tree = get_git_work_tree();
+	if (!work_tree)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!the_index.initialized)
+		if (read_cache() < 0)
+			die("index file corrupt");
+
+	/* 4: "fetch" (options) "--submodule-prefix" prefix NULL */
+	argv = xcalloc(num_options + 4, sizeof(const char *));
+	argv[argc++] = "fetch";
+	for (i = 0; i < num_options; i++)
+		argv[argc++] = options[i];
+	argv[argc++] = "--submodule-prefix";
+
+	memset(&cp, 0, sizeof(cp));
+	cp.argv = argv;
+	cp.env = local_repo_env;
+	cp.git_cmd = 1;
+	cp.no_stdin = 1;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
+		struct strbuf submodule_path = STRBUF_INIT;
+		struct strbuf submodule_git_dir = STRBUF_INIT;
+		struct strbuf submodule_prefix = STRBUF_INIT;
+		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		const char *git_dir, *name;
+
+		if (!S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode))
+			continue;
+
+		name = ce->name;
+		name_for_path = unsorted_string_list_lookup(&config_name_for_path, ce->name);
+		if (name_for_path)
+			name = name_for_path->util;
+
+		if (!ignore_config) {
+			struct string_list_item *fetch_recurse_submodules_option;
+			fetch_recurse_submodules_option = unsorted_string_list_lookup(&config_fetch_recurse_submodules_for_name, name);
+			if (fetch_recurse_submodules_option) {
+				if (!fetch_recurse_submodules_option->util)
+					continue;
+			} else {
+				if (!config_fetch_recurse_submodules)
+					continue;
+			}
+		}
+
+		strbuf_addf(&submodule_path, "%s/%s", work_tree, ce->name);
+		strbuf_addf(&submodule_git_dir, "%s/.git", submodule_path.buf);
+		strbuf_addf(&submodule_prefix, "%s%s/", prefix, ce->name);
+		git_dir = read_gitfile_gently(submodule_git_dir.buf);
+		if (!git_dir)
+			git_dir = submodule_git_dir.buf;
+		if (is_directory(git_dir)) {
+			if (!quiet)
+				printf("Fetching submodule %s%s\n", prefix, ce->name);
+			cp.dir = submodule_path.buf;
+			argv[argc] = submodule_prefix.buf;
+			if (run_command(&cp))
+				result = 1;
+		}
+		strbuf_release(&submodule_path);
+		strbuf_release(&submodule_git_dir);
+		strbuf_release(&submodule_prefix);
+	}
+	free(argv);
+	return result;
+}
+
 unsigned is_submodule_modified(const char *path, int ignore_untracked)
 {
 	ssize_t len;
diff --git a/submodule.h b/submodule.h
index 386f410..4729023 100644
--- a/submodule.h
+++ b/submodule.h
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 void set_diffopt_flags_from_submodule_config(struct diff_options *diffopt,
 		const char *path);
+int submodule_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb);
 void gitmodules_config();
 int parse_submodule_config_option(const char *var, const char *value);
 void handle_ignore_submodules_arg(struct diff_options *diffopt, const char *);
@@ -12,6 +13,10 @@
 		unsigned char one[20], unsigned char two[20],
 		unsigned dirty_submodule,
 		const char *del, const char *add, const char *reset);
+void set_config_fetch_recurse_submodules(int value);
+int fetch_populated_submodules(int num_options, const char **options,
+			       const char *prefix, int ignore_config,
+			       int quiet);
 unsigned is_submodule_modified(const char *path, int ignore_untracked);
 int merge_submodule(unsigned char result[20], const char *path, const unsigned char base[20],
 		    const unsigned char a[20], const unsigned char b[20]);
diff --git a/t/Makefile b/t/Makefile
index c7baefb..47cbeb6 100644
--- a/t/Makefile
+++ b/t/Makefile
@@ -11,16 +11,25 @@
 PERL_PATH ?= /usr/bin/perl
 TAR ?= $(TAR)
 RM ?= rm -f
+PROVE ?= prove
+DEFAULT_TEST_TARGET ?= test
 
 # Shell quote;
 SHELL_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(SHELL_PATH))
 
 T = $(wildcard t[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]-*.sh)
 TSVN = $(wildcard t91[0-9][0-9]-*.sh)
+TGITWEB = $(wildcard t95[0-9][0-9]-*.sh)
 
-all: pre-clean
+all: $(DEFAULT_TEST_TARGET)
+
+test: pre-clean $(TEST_LINT)
 	$(MAKE) aggregate-results-and-cleanup
 
+prove: pre-clean $(TEST_LINT)
+	@echo "*** prove ***"; GIT_CONFIG=.git/config $(PROVE) --exec '$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' $(GIT_PROVE_OPTS) $(T) :: $(GIT_TEST_OPTS)
+	$(MAKE) clean
+
 $(T):
 	@echo "*** $@ ***"; GIT_CONFIG=.git/config '$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' $@ $(GIT_TEST_OPTS)
 
@@ -32,6 +41,18 @@
 	$(RM) -r valgrind/bin
 	$(RM) .prove
 
+test-lint: test-lint-duplicates test-lint-executable
+
+test-lint-duplicates:
+	@dups=`echo $(T) | tr ' ' '\n' | sed 's/-.*//' | sort | uniq -d` && \
+		test -z "$$dups" || { \
+		echo >&2 "duplicate test numbers:" $$dups; exit 1; }
+
+test-lint-executable:
+	@bad=`for i in $(T); do test -x "$$i" || echo $$i; done` && \
+		test -z "$$bad" || { \
+		echo >&2 "non-executable tests:" $$bad; exit 1; }
+
 aggregate-results-and-cleanup: $(T)
 	$(MAKE) aggregate-results
 	$(MAKE) clean
@@ -46,6 +67,9 @@
 	$(MAKE) $(TSVN) GIT_SVN_NO_OPTIMIZE_COMMITS=1 LC_ALL=C
 	$(MAKE) $(TSVN) GIT_SVN_NO_OPTIMIZE_COMMITS=0 LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
 
+gitweb-test:
+	$(MAKE) $(TGITWEB)
+
 valgrind:
 	GIT_TEST_OPTS=--valgrind $(MAKE)
 
diff --git a/t/README b/t/README
index a1eb7c8..892d443 100644
--- a/t/README
+++ b/t/README
@@ -50,6 +50,12 @@
     # Repeat until no more failures
     $ prove -j 15 --state=failed,save ./t[0-9]*.sh
 
+You can give DEFAULT_TEST_TARGET=prove on the make command (or define it
+in config.mak) to cause "make test" to run tests under prove.
+GIT_PROVE_OPTS can be used to pass additional options, e.g.
+
+    $ make DEFAULT_TEST_TARGET=prove GIT_PROVE_OPTS='--timer --jobs 16' test
+
 You can also run each test individually from command line, like this:
 
     $ sh ./t3010-ls-files-killed-modified.sh
@@ -259,14 +265,11 @@
 	test ...
 
    That way all of the commands in your tests will succeed or fail. If
-   you must ignore the return value of something (e.g., the return
-   after unsetting a variable that was already unset is unportable) it's
-   best to indicate so explicitly with a semicolon:
-
-	unset HLAGH;
-	git merge hla &&
-	git push gh &&
-	test ...
+   you must ignore the return value of something, consider using a
+   helper function (e.g. use sane_unset instead of unset, in order
+   to avoid unportable return value for unsetting a variable that was
+   already unset), or prepending the command with test_might_fail or
+   test_must_fail.
 
  - Check the test coverage for your tests. See the "Test coverage"
    below.
@@ -395,13 +398,6 @@
    Like test_expect_success this function can optionally use a three
    argument invocation with a prerequisite as the first argument.
 
- - test_expect_code [<prereq>] <code> <message> <script>
-
-   Analogous to test_expect_success, but pass the test if it exits
-   with a given exit <code>
-
- test_expect_code 1 'Merge with d/f conflicts' 'git merge "merge msg" B master'
-
  - test_debug <script>
 
    This takes a single argument, <script>, and evaluates it only
@@ -482,6 +478,15 @@
 	    'Perl API' \
 	    "$PERL_PATH" "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t9700/test.pl
 
+ - test_expect_code <exit-code> <command>
+
+   Run a command and ensure that it exits with the given exit code.
+   For example:
+
+	test_expect_success 'Merge with d/f conflicts' '
+		test_expect_code 1 git merge "merge msg" B master
+	'
+
  - test_must_fail <git-command>
 
    Run a git command and ensure it fails in a controlled way.  Use
@@ -501,6 +506,10 @@
    <expected> file.  This behaves like "cmp" but produces more
    helpful output when the test is run with "-v" option.
 
+ - test_line_count (= | -lt | -ge | ...) <length> <file>
+
+   Check whether a file has the length it is expected to.
+
  - test_path_is_file <file> [<diagnosis>]
    test_path_is_dir <dir> [<diagnosis>]
    test_path_is_missing <path> [<diagnosis>]
diff --git a/t/annotate-tests.sh b/t/annotate-tests.sh
index 141b60c..d34208c 100644
--- a/t/annotate-tests.sh
+++ b/t/annotate-tests.sh
@@ -38,8 +38,8 @@
     'prepare reference tree' \
     'echo "1A quick brown fox jumps over the" >file &&
      echo "lazy dog" >>file &&
-     git add file
-     GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="A" git commit -a -m "Initial."'
+     git add file &&
+     GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="A" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="A@test.git" git commit -a -m "Initial."'
 
 test_expect_success \
     'check all lines blamed on A' \
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
     'Setup new lines blamed on B' \
     'echo "2A quick brown fox jumps over the" >>file &&
      echo "lazy dog" >> file &&
-     GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="B" git commit -a -m "Second."'
+     GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="B" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="B@test.git" git commit -a -m "Second."'
 
 test_expect_success \
     'Two lines blamed on A, two on B' \
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
     'git checkout -b branch1 master &&
      echo "3A slow green fox jumps into the" >> file &&
      echo "well." >> file &&
-     GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="B1" git commit -a -m "Branch1-1"'
+     GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="B1" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="B1@test.git" git commit -a -m "Branch1-1"'
 
 test_expect_success \
     'Two lines blamed on A, two on B, two on B1' \
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@
     'git checkout -b branch2 master &&
      sed -e "s/2A quick brown/4A quick brown lazy dog/" < file > file.new &&
      mv file.new file &&
-     GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="B2" git commit -a -m "Branch2-1"'
+     GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="B2" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="B2@test.git" git commit -a -m "Branch2-1"'
 
 test_expect_success \
     'Two lines blamed on A, one on B, one on B2' \
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@
 test_expect_success \
     'an incomplete line added' \
     'echo "incomplete" | tr -d "\\012" >>file &&
-    GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="C" git commit -a -m "Incomplete"'
+    GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="C" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="C@test.git" git commit -a -m "Incomplete"'
 
 test_expect_success \
     'With incomplete lines.' \
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@
 	echo
     } | sed -e "s/^3A/99/" -e "/^1A/d" -e "/^incomplete/d" > file &&
     echo "incomplete" | tr -d "\\012" >>file &&
-    GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="D" git commit -a -m "edit"'
+    GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="D" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="D@test.git" git commit -a -m "edit"'
 
 test_expect_success \
     'some edit' \
diff --git a/t/gitweb-lib.sh b/t/gitweb-lib.sh
index 1b9523d..b9bb95f 100644
--- a/t/gitweb-lib.sh
+++ b/t/gitweb-lib.sh
@@ -19,9 +19,9 @@
 our \$site_header = '';
 our \$site_footer = '';
 our \$home_text = 'indextext.html';
-our @stylesheets = ('file:///$TEST_DIRECTORY/../gitweb/static/gitweb.css');
-our \$logo = 'file:///$TEST_DIRECTORY/../gitweb/static/git-logo.png';
-our \$favicon = 'file:///$TEST_DIRECTORY/../gitweb/static/git-favicon.png';
+our @stylesheets = ('file:///$GIT_BUILD_DIR/gitweb/static/gitweb.css');
+our \$logo = 'file:///$GIT_BUILD_DIR/gitweb/static/git-logo.png';
+our \$favicon = 'file:///$GIT_BUILD_DIR/gitweb/static/git-favicon.png';
 our \$projects_list = '';
 our \$export_ok = '';
 our \$strict_export = '';
@@ -32,17 +32,34 @@
 	cat >.git/description <<EOF
 $0 test repository
 EOF
+
+	# You can set the GITWEB_TEST_INSTALLED environment variable to
+	# the gitwebdir (the directory where gitweb is installed / deployed to)
+	# of an existing gitweb instalation to test that installation,
+	# or simply to pathname of installed gitweb script.
+	if test -n "$GITWEB_TEST_INSTALLED" ; then
+		if test -d $GITWEB_TEST_INSTALLED; then
+			SCRIPT_NAME="$GITWEB_TEST_INSTALLED/gitweb.cgi"
+		else
+			SCRIPT_NAME="$GITWEB_TEST_INSTALLED"
+		fi
+		test -f "$SCRIPT_NAME" ||
+		error "Cannot find gitweb at $GITWEB_TEST_INSTALLED."
+		say "# Testing $SCRIPT_NAME"
+	else # normal case, use source version of gitweb
+		SCRIPT_NAME="$GIT_BUILD_DIR/gitweb/gitweb.perl"
+	fi
+	export SCRIPT_NAME
 }
 
 gitweb_run () {
 	GATEWAY_INTERFACE='CGI/1.1'
 	HTTP_ACCEPT='*/*'
 	REQUEST_METHOD='GET'
-	SCRIPT_NAME="$TEST_DIRECTORY/../gitweb/gitweb.perl"
 	QUERY_STRING=""$1""
 	PATH_INFO=""$2""
 	export GATEWAY_INTERFACE HTTP_ACCEPT REQUEST_METHOD \
-		SCRIPT_NAME QUERY_STRING PATH_INFO
+		QUERY_STRING PATH_INFO
 
 	GITWEB_CONFIG=$(pwd)/gitweb_config.perl
 	export GITWEB_CONFIG
@@ -81,8 +98,8 @@
 fi
 
 perl -MEncode -e '$e="";decode_utf8($e, Encode::FB_CROAK)' >/dev/null 2>&1 || {
-    skip_all='skipping gitweb tests, perl version is too old'
-    test_done
+	skip_all='skipping gitweb tests, perl version is too old'
+	test_done
 }
 
 gitweb_init
diff --git a/t/lib-git-svn.sh b/t/lib-git-svn.sh
index 92d6d31..6a9d975 100644
--- a/t/lib-git-svn.sh
+++ b/t/lib-git-svn.sh
@@ -68,28 +68,41 @@
 	svn "$orig_svncmd" --config-dir "$svnconf" "$@"
 }
 
-for d in \
-	"$SVN_HTTPD_PATH" \
-	/usr/sbin/apache2 \
-	/usr/sbin/httpd \
-; do
-	if test -f "$d"
+if test -n "$SVN_HTTPD_PORT"
+then
+	for d in \
+		"$SVN_HTTPD_PATH" \
+		/usr/sbin/apache2 \
+		/usr/sbin/httpd \
+	; do
+		if test -f "$d"
+		then
+			SVN_HTTPD_PATH="$d"
+			break
+		fi
+	done
+	if test -z "$SVN_HTTPD_PATH"
 	then
-		SVN_HTTPD_PATH="$d"
-		break
+		skip_all='skipping git svn tests, Apache not found'
+		test_done
 	fi
-done
-for d in \
-	"$SVN_HTTPD_MODULE_PATH" \
-	/usr/lib/apache2/modules \
-	/usr/libexec/apache2 \
-; do
-	if test -d "$d"
+	for d in \
+		"$SVN_HTTPD_MODULE_PATH" \
+		/usr/lib/apache2/modules \
+		/usr/libexec/apache2 \
+	; do
+		if test -d "$d"
+		then
+			SVN_HTTPD_MODULE_PATH="$d"
+			break
+		fi
+	done
+	if test -z "$SVN_HTTPD_MODULE_PATH"
 	then
-		SVN_HTTPD_MODULE_PATH="$d"
-		break
+		skip_all='skipping git svn tests, Apache module dir not found'
+		test_done
 	fi
-done
+fi
 
 start_httpd () {
 	repo_base_path="$1"
diff --git a/t/lib-terminal.sh b/t/lib-terminal.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c383b57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/lib-terminal.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_expect_success 'set up terminal for tests' '
+	if
+		test_have_prereq PERL &&
+		"$PERL_PATH" "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/test-terminal.perl \
+			sh -c "test -t 1 && test -t 2"
+	then
+		test_set_prereq TTY &&
+		test_terminal () {
+			if ! test_declared_prereq TTY
+			then
+				echo >&4 "test_terminal: need to declare TTY prerequisite"
+				return 127
+			fi
+			"$PERL_PATH" "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/test-terminal.perl "$@"
+		}
+	fi
+'
diff --git a/t/t0000-basic.sh b/t/t0000-basic.sh
index f688bd3..2f7002a 100755
--- a/t/t0000-basic.sh
+++ b/t/t0000-basic.sh
@@ -130,22 +130,57 @@
     test_when_finished clean=yes
 '
 
-cleaner=no
-test_expect_code 1 'tests clean up even after a failure' '
-    test_when_finished cleaner=yes &&
-    (exit 1)
-'
-
-if test $clean$cleaner != yesyes
+if test $clean != yes
 then
-	say "bug in test framework: cleanup commands do not work reliably"
+	say "bug in test framework: basic cleanup command does not work reliably"
 	exit 1
 fi
 
-test_expect_code 2 'failure to clean up causes the test to fail' '
-    test_when_finished "(exit 2)"
+test_expect_success 'tests clean up even on failures' "
+    mkdir failing-cleanup &&
+    (cd failing-cleanup &&
+    cat >failing-cleanup.sh <<EOF &&
+#!$SHELL_PATH
+
+test_description='Failing tests with cleanup commands'
+
+# Point to the t/test-lib.sh, which isn't in ../ as usual
+TEST_DIRECTORY=\"$TEST_DIRECTORY\"
+. \"\$TEST_DIRECTORY\"/test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'tests clean up even after a failure' '
+    touch clean-after-failure &&
+    test_when_finished rm clean-after-failure &&
+    (exit 1)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'failure to clean up causes the test to fail' '
+    test_when_finished \"(exit 2)\"
+'
+
+test_done
+EOF
+    chmod +x failing-cleanup.sh &&
+    test_must_fail ./failing-cleanup.sh >out 2>err &&
+    ! test -s err &&
+    ! test -f \"trash directory.failing-cleanup/clean-after-failure\" &&
+sed -e 's/Z$//' >expect <<\EOF &&
+not ok - 1 tests clean up even after a failure
+#	Z
+#	    touch clean-after-failure &&
+#	    test_when_finished rm clean-after-failure &&
+#	    (exit 1)
+#	Z
+not ok - 2 failure to clean up causes the test to fail
+#	Z
+#	    test_when_finished \"(exit 2)\"
+#	Z
+# failed 2 among 2 test(s)
+1..2
+EOF
+    test_cmp expect out)
+"
+
 ################################################################
 # Basics of the basics
 
diff --git a/t/t0001-init.sh b/t/t0001-init.sh
index 7fe8883..af8b9c5 100755
--- a/t/t0001-init.sh
+++ b/t/t0001-init.sh
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'plain' '
 	(
-		unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE
+		sane_unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE &&
 		mkdir plain &&
 		cd plain &&
 		git init
@@ -33,9 +33,65 @@
 	check_config plain/.git false unset
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'plain nested in bare' '
+	(
+		unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE &&
+		git init --bare bare-ancestor.git &&
+		cd bare-ancestor.git &&
+		mkdir plain-nested &&
+		cd plain-nested &&
+		git init
+	) &&
+	check_config bare-ancestor.git/plain-nested/.git false unset
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'plain through aliased command, outside any git repo' '
+	(
+		unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE GIT_CONFIG_NOGLOBAL &&
+		HOME=$(pwd)/alias-config &&
+		export HOME &&
+		mkdir alias-config &&
+		echo "[alias] aliasedinit = init" >alias-config/.gitconfig &&
+
+		GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES=$(pwd) &&
+		export GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES &&
+
+		mkdir plain-aliased &&
+		cd plain-aliased &&
+		git aliasedinit
+	) &&
+	check_config plain-aliased/.git false unset
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'plain nested through aliased command' '
+	(
+		unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE &&
+		git init plain-ancestor-aliased &&
+		cd plain-ancestor-aliased &&
+		echo "[alias] aliasedinit = init" >>.git/config &&
+		mkdir plain-nested &&
+		cd plain-nested &&
+		git aliasedinit
+	) &&
+	check_config plain-ancestor-aliased/plain-nested/.git false unset
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'plain nested in bare through aliased command' '
+	(
+		unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE &&
+		git init --bare bare-ancestor-aliased.git &&
+		cd bare-ancestor-aliased.git &&
+		echo "[alias] aliasedinit = init" >>config &&
+		mkdir plain-nested &&
+		cd plain-nested &&
+		git aliasedinit
+	) &&
+	check_config bare-ancestor-aliased.git/plain-nested/.git false unset
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'plain with GIT_WORK_TREE' '
 	if (
-		unset GIT_DIR
+		sane_unset GIT_DIR &&
 		mkdir plain-wt &&
 		cd plain-wt &&
 		GIT_WORK_TREE=$(pwd) git init
@@ -48,7 +104,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'plain bare' '
 	(
-		unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE GIT_CONFIG
+		sane_unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE GIT_CONFIG &&
 		mkdir plain-bare-1 &&
 		cd plain-bare-1 &&
 		git --bare init
@@ -58,7 +114,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'plain bare with GIT_WORK_TREE' '
 	if (
-		unset GIT_DIR GIT_CONFIG
+		sane_unset GIT_DIR GIT_CONFIG &&
 		mkdir plain-bare-2 &&
 		cd plain-bare-2 &&
 		GIT_WORK_TREE=$(pwd) git --bare init
@@ -72,7 +128,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'GIT_DIR bare' '
 
 	(
-		unset GIT_CONFIG
+		sane_unset GIT_CONFIG &&
 		mkdir git-dir-bare.git &&
 		GIT_DIR=git-dir-bare.git git init
 	) &&
@@ -82,7 +138,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'init --bare' '
 
 	(
-		unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE GIT_CONFIG
+		sane_unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE GIT_CONFIG &&
 		mkdir init-bare.git &&
 		cd init-bare.git &&
 		git init --bare
@@ -93,7 +149,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'GIT_DIR non-bare' '
 
 	(
-		unset GIT_CONFIG
+		sane_unset GIT_CONFIG &&
 		mkdir non-bare &&
 		cd non-bare &&
 		GIT_DIR=.git git init
@@ -104,7 +160,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'GIT_DIR & GIT_WORK_TREE (1)' '
 
 	(
-		unset GIT_CONFIG
+		sane_unset GIT_CONFIG &&
 		mkdir git-dir-wt-1.git &&
 		GIT_WORK_TREE=$(pwd) GIT_DIR=git-dir-wt-1.git git init
 	) &&
@@ -114,7 +170,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'GIT_DIR & GIT_WORK_TREE (2)' '
 
 	if (
-		unset GIT_CONFIG
+		sane_unset GIT_CONFIG &&
 		mkdir git-dir-wt-2.git &&
 		GIT_WORK_TREE=$(pwd) GIT_DIR=git-dir-wt-2.git git --bare init
 	)
@@ -127,7 +183,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'reinit' '
 
 	(
-		unset GIT_CONFIG GIT_WORK_TREE GIT_CONFIG
+		sane_unset GIT_CONFIG GIT_WORK_TREE GIT_CONFIG &&
 
 		mkdir again &&
 		cd again &&
@@ -175,8 +231,8 @@
 		git config -f "$test_config"  init.templatedir "${HOME}/templatedir-source" &&
 		mkdir templatedir-set &&
 		cd templatedir-set &&
-		unset GIT_CONFIG_NOGLOBAL &&
-		unset GIT_TEMPLATE_DIR &&
+		sane_unset GIT_CONFIG_NOGLOBAL &&
+		sane_unset GIT_TEMPLATE_DIR &&
 		NO_SET_GIT_TEMPLATE_DIR=t &&
 		export NO_SET_GIT_TEMPLATE_DIR &&
 		git init
@@ -187,7 +243,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'init --bare/--shared overrides system/global config' '
 	(
 		test_config="$HOME"/.gitconfig &&
-		unset GIT_CONFIG_NOGLOBAL &&
+		sane_unset GIT_CONFIG_NOGLOBAL &&
 		git config -f "$test_config" core.bare false &&
 		git config -f "$test_config" core.sharedRepository 0640 &&
 		mkdir init-bare-shared-override &&
@@ -202,7 +258,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'init honors global core.sharedRepository' '
 	(
 		test_config="$HOME"/.gitconfig &&
-		unset GIT_CONFIG_NOGLOBAL &&
+		sane_unset GIT_CONFIG_NOGLOBAL &&
 		git config -f "$test_config" core.sharedRepository 0666 &&
 		mkdir shared-honor-global &&
 		cd shared-honor-global &&
diff --git a/t/t0003-attributes.sh b/t/t0003-attributes.sh
index de38c7f..ebbc755 100755
--- a/t/t0003-attributes.sh
+++ b/t/t0003-attributes.sh
@@ -36,6 +36,9 @@
 		echo "d/* test=a/b/d/*"
 		echo "d/yes notest"
 	) >a/b/.gitattributes
+	(
+		echo "global test=global"
+	) >"$HOME"/global-gitattributes
 
 '
 
@@ -57,9 +60,19 @@
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'core.attributesfile' '
+	attr_check global unspecified &&
+	git config core.attributesfile "$HOME/global-gitattributes" &&
+	attr_check global global &&
+	git config core.attributesfile "~/global-gitattributes" &&
+	attr_check global global &&
+	echo "global test=precedence" >> .gitattributes &&
+	attr_check global precedence
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'attribute test: read paths from stdin' '
 
-	cat <<EOF > expect
+	cat <<EOF > expect &&
 f: test: f
 a/f: test: f
 a/c/f: test: f
diff --git a/t/t0020-crlf.sh b/t/t0020-crlf.sh
index 234a94f..1a8f44c 100755
--- a/t/t0020-crlf.sh
+++ b/t/t0020-crlf.sh
@@ -439,7 +439,7 @@
 	git rm .gitattributes &&
 	echo "contentsQ" | q_to_cr > .file2 &&
 	git add .file2 &&
-	git commit -m third
+	git commit -m third &&
 
 	git checkout master~1 &&
 	git checkout master &&
diff --git a/t/t0024-crlf-archive.sh b/t/t0024-crlf-archive.sh
index c7d0324..ec6c1b3 100755
--- a/t/t0024-crlf-archive.sh
+++ b/t/t0024-crlf-archive.sh
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success setup '
 
-	git config core.autocrlf true
+	git config core.autocrlf true &&
 
 	printf "CRLF line ending\r\nAnd another\r\n" > sample &&
 	git add sample &&
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'tar archive' '
 
 	git archive --format=tar HEAD |
-	( mkdir untarred && cd untarred && "$TAR" -xf - )
+	( mkdir untarred && cd untarred && "$TAR" -xf - ) &&
 
 	test_cmp sample untarred/sample
 
diff --git a/t/t0026-eol-config.sh b/t/t0026-eol-config.sh
index f37ac8f..fe0164b 100755
--- a/t/t0026-eol-config.sh
+++ b/t/t0026-eol-config.sh
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 	git config core.autocrlf false &&
 
-	echo "one text" > .gitattributes
+	echo "one text" > .gitattributes &&
 
 	for w in Hello world how are you; do echo $w; done >one &&
 	for w in I am very very fine thank you; do echo $w; done >two &&
diff --git a/t/t0050-filesystem.sh b/t/t0050-filesystem.sh
index 07357ee..1542cf6 100755
--- a/t/t0050-filesystem.sh
+++ b/t/t0050-filesystem.sh
@@ -12,14 +12,14 @@
 no_symlinks=
 test_expect_success 'see what we expect' '
 
-	test_case=test_expect_success
-	test_unicode=test_expect_success
+	test_case=test_expect_success &&
+	test_unicode=test_expect_success &&
 	mkdir junk &&
 	echo good >junk/CamelCase &&
 	echo bad >junk/camelcase &&
 	if test "$(cat junk/CamelCase)" != good
 	then
-		test_case=test_expect_failure
+		test_case=test_expect_failure &&
 		case_insensitive=t
 	fi &&
 	rm -fr junk &&
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 	>junk/"$auml" &&
 	case "$(cd junk && echo *)" in
 	"$aumlcdiar")
-		test_unicode=test_expect_failure
+		test_unicode=test_expect_failure &&
 		unibad=t
 		;;
 	*)	;;
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
 	{
 		ln -s x y 2> /dev/null &&
 		test -h y 2> /dev/null ||
-		no_symlinks=1
+		no_symlinks=1 &&
 		rm -f y
 	}
 '
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@
   cd unicode &&
   touch "$aumlcdiar" &&
   git add "$aumlcdiar" &&
-  git commit -m initial
+  git commit -m initial &&
   git tag initial &&
   git checkout -b topic &&
   git mv $aumlcdiar tmp &&
diff --git a/t/t1000-read-tree-m-3way.sh b/t/t1000-read-tree-m-3way.sh
index 4f17172..ca8a409 100755
--- a/t/t1000-read-tree-m-3way.sh
+++ b/t/t1000-read-tree-m-3way.sh
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@
 test_expect_success \
     '6 - must not exist in O && !A && !B case' "
      rm -f .git/index DD &&
-     echo DD >DD
+     echo DD >DD &&
      git update-index --add DD &&
      test_must_fail git read-tree -m $tree_O $tree_A $tree_B
 "
diff --git a/t/t1001-read-tree-m-2way.sh b/t/t1001-read-tree-m-2way.sh
index 93ca84f..680d992 100755
--- a/t/t1001-read-tree-m-2way.sh
+++ b/t/t1001-read-tree-m-2way.sh
@@ -98,8 +98,8 @@
      git checkout-index -u -f -q -a &&
      git update-index --add yomin &&
      read_tree_twoway $treeH $treeM &&
-     git ls-files --stage >4.out || return 1
-     git diff --no-index M.out 4.out >4diff.out
+     git ls-files --stage >4.out &&
+     test_must_fail git diff --no-index M.out 4.out >4diff.out &&
      compare_change 4diff.out expected &&
      check_cache_at yomin clean'
 
@@ -112,8 +112,8 @@
      git update-index --add yomin &&
      echo yomin yomin >yomin &&
      read_tree_twoway $treeH $treeM &&
-     git ls-files --stage >5.out || return 1
-     git diff --no-index M.out 5.out >5diff.out
+     git ls-files --stage >5.out &&
+     test_must_fail git diff --no-index M.out 5.out >5diff.out &&
      compare_change 5diff.out expected &&
      check_cache_at yomin dirty'
 
@@ -213,8 +213,8 @@
      echo nitfol nitfol >nitfol &&
      git update-index --add nitfol &&
      read_tree_twoway $treeH $treeM &&
-     git ls-files --stage >14.out || return 1
-     git diff --no-index M.out 14.out >14diff.out
+     git ls-files --stage >14.out &&
+     test_must_fail git diff --no-index M.out 14.out >14diff.out &&
      compare_change 14diff.out expected &&
      check_cache_at nitfol clean'
 
@@ -227,8 +227,8 @@
      git update-index --add nitfol &&
      echo nitfol nitfol nitfol >nitfol &&
      read_tree_twoway $treeH $treeM &&
-     git ls-files --stage >15.out || return 1
-     git diff --no-index M.out 15.out >15diff.out
+     git ls-files --stage >15.out &&
+     test_must_fail git diff --no-index M.out 15.out >15diff.out &&
      compare_change 15diff.out expected &&
      check_cache_at nitfol dirty'
 
@@ -377,7 +377,7 @@
      git ls-files --stage >treeM.out &&
 
      rm -f a &&
-     mkdir a
+     mkdir a &&
      : >a/b &&
      git update-index --add --remove a a/b &&
      treeH=`git write-tree` &&
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@
 	echo >file-a &&
 	echo >file-b &&
 	git add file-a file-b &&
-	git commit -a -m "test for correct modified tree"
+	git commit -a -m "test for correct modified tree" &&
 	git branch initial-mod &&
 	echo b >file-b &&
 	git commit -a -m "B" &&
diff --git a/t/t1002-read-tree-m-u-2way.sh b/t/t1002-read-tree-m-u-2way.sh
index 0241329..a4a17e0 100755
--- a/t/t1002-read-tree-m-u-2way.sh
+++ b/t/t1002-read-tree-m-u-2way.sh
@@ -205,8 +205,8 @@
      echo nitfol nitfol >nitfol &&
      git update-index --add nitfol &&
      git read-tree -m -u $treeH $treeM &&
-     git ls-files --stage >14.out || return 1
-     git diff -U0 --no-index M.out 14.out >14diff.out
+     git ls-files --stage >14.out &&
+     test_must_fail git diff -U0 --no-index M.out 14.out >14diff.out &&
      compare_change 14diff.out expected &&
      sum bozbar frotz >actual14.sum &&
      grep -v nitfol M.sum > expected14.sum &&
@@ -226,8 +226,8 @@
      git update-index --add nitfol &&
      echo nitfol nitfol nitfol >nitfol &&
      git read-tree -m -u $treeH $treeM &&
-     git ls-files --stage >15.out || return 1
-     git diff -U0 --no-index M.out 15.out >15diff.out
+     git ls-files --stage >15.out &&
+     test_must_fail git diff -U0 --no-index M.out 15.out >15diff.out &&
      compare_change 15diff.out expected &&
      check_cache_at nitfol dirty &&
      sum bozbar frotz >actual15.sum &&
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@
 # Also make sure we did not break DF vs DF/DF case.
 test_expect_success \
     'DF vs DF/DF case setup.' \
-    'rm -f .git/index
+    'rm -f .git/index &&
      echo DF >DF &&
      git update-index --add DF &&
      treeDF=`git write-tree` &&
diff --git a/t/t1011-read-tree-sparse-checkout.sh b/t/t1011-read-tree-sparse-checkout.sh
index 8008fa2..de84e35 100755
--- a/t/t1011-read-tree-sparse-checkout.sh
+++ b/t/t1011-read-tree-sparse-checkout.sh
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'read-tree with .git/info/sparse-checkout but disabled' '
-	echo >.git/info/sparse-checkout
+	echo >.git/info/sparse-checkout &&
 	git read-tree -m -u HEAD &&
 	git ls-files -t >result &&
 	test_cmp expected.swt result &&
@@ -94,12 +94,20 @@
 	test -f sub/added
 '
 
-test_expect_failure 'match directories without trailing slash' '
-	echo init.t >.git/info/sparse-checkout &&
+test_expect_success 'match directories without trailing slash' '
 	echo sub >>.git/info/sparse-checkout &&
 	git read-tree -m -u HEAD &&
 	git ls-files -t >result &&
-	test_cmp expected.swt result &&
+	test_cmp expected.swt-noinit result &&
+	test ! -f init.t &&
+	test -f sub/added
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'match directory pattern' '
+	echo "s?b" >>.git/info/sparse-checkout &&
+	git read-tree -m -u HEAD &&
+	git ls-files -t >result &&
+	test_cmp expected.swt-noinit result &&
 	test ! -f init.t &&
 	test -f sub/added
 '
diff --git a/t/t1020-subdirectory.sh b/t/t1020-subdirectory.sh
index a3ac338..1fd187c 100755
--- a/t/t1020-subdirectory.sh
+++ b/t/t1020-subdirectory.sh
@@ -110,6 +110,14 @@
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'alias expansion' '
+	(
+		git config alias.ss status &&
+		cd dir &&
+		git status &&
+		git ss
+	)
+'
 test_expect_success 'no file/rev ambiguity check inside .git' '
 	git commit -a -m 1 &&
 	(
diff --git a/t/t1200-tutorial.sh b/t/t1200-tutorial.sh
index ab55eda..bfa2c21 100755
--- a/t/t1200-tutorial.sh
+++ b/t/t1200-tutorial.sh
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'tree' '
-	tree=$(git write-tree 2>/dev/null)
+	tree=$(git write-tree 2>/dev/null) &&
 	test 8988da15d077d4829fc51d8544c097def6644dbb = $tree
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t1300-repo-config.sh b/t/t1300-repo-config.sh
index 074f2f2..d0e5546 100755
--- a/t/t1300-repo-config.sh
+++ b/t/t1300-repo-config.sh
@@ -289,6 +289,14 @@
 	'git config --list > output && cmp output expect'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success '--list without repo produces empty output' '
+	git --git-dir=nonexistent config --list >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+cat > expect << EOF
 beta.noindent sillyValue
 nextsection.nonewline wow2 for me
 EOF
@@ -701,13 +709,13 @@
 	trailingtilde = foo~
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success 'set --path' '
+test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'set --path' '
 	git config --path path.home "~/" &&
 	git config --path path.normal "/dev/null" &&
 	git config --path path.trailingtilde "foo~" &&
 	test_cmp expect .git/config'
 
-if test "${HOME+set}"
+if test_have_prereq NOT_MINGW && test "${HOME+set}"
 then
 	test_set_prereq HOMEVAR
 fi
@@ -730,7 +738,7 @@
 foo~
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success 'get --path copes with unset $HOME' '
+test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'get --path copes with unset $HOME' '
 	(
 		unset HOME;
 		test_must_fail git config --get --path path.home \
@@ -836,6 +844,27 @@
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'nonexistent configuration' '
+	(
+		GIT_CONFIG=doesnotexist &&
+		export GIT_CONFIG &&
+		test_must_fail git config --list &&
+		test_must_fail git config test.xyzzy
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'symlink to nonexistent configuration' '
+	ln -s doesnotexist linktonada &&
+	ln -s linktonada linktolinktonada &&
+	(
+		GIT_CONFIG=linktonada &&
+		export GIT_CONFIG &&
+		test_must_fail git config --list &&
+		GIT_CONFIG=linktolinktonada &&
+		test_must_fail git config --list
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'check split_cmdline return' "
 	git config alias.split-cmdline-fix 'echo \"' &&
 	test_must_fail git split-cmdline-fix &&
diff --git a/t/t1302-repo-version.sh b/t/t1302-repo-version.sh
index a6bf1bf..0e47662 100755
--- a/t/t1302-repo-version.sh
+++ b/t/t1302-repo-version.sh
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
 	(
 		cd test2 &&
 		git config core.repositoryformatversion >../actual
-	)
+	) &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t1400-update-ref.sh b/t/t1400-update-ref.sh
index 54ba3df..ff747f8 100755
--- a/t/t1400-update-ref.sh
+++ b/t/t1400-update-ref.sh
@@ -52,9 +52,8 @@
 
 test_expect_success \
 	"fail to create $n" \
-	"touch .git/$n_dir
-	 git update-ref $n $A >out 2>err"'
-	 test $? != 0'
+	"touch .git/$n_dir &&
+	 test_must_fail git update-ref $n $A >out 2>err"
 rm -f .git/$n_dir out err
 
 test_expect_success \
@@ -185,55 +184,55 @@
 ld="Thu, 26 May 2005 18:43:00 -0500"
 test_expect_success \
 	'Query "master@{May 25 2005}" (before history)' \
-	'rm -f o e
+	'rm -f o e &&
 	 git rev-parse --verify "master@{May 25 2005}" >o 2>e &&
 	 test '"$C"' = $(cat o) &&
 	 test "warning: Log for '\'master\'' only goes back to $ed." = "$(cat e)"'
 test_expect_success \
 	"Query master@{2005-05-25} (before history)" \
-	'rm -f o e
+	'rm -f o e &&
 	 git rev-parse --verify master@{2005-05-25} >o 2>e &&
 	 test '"$C"' = $(cat o) &&
 	 echo test "warning: Log for '\'master\'' only goes back to $ed." = "$(cat e)"'
 test_expect_success \
 	'Query "master@{May 26 2005 23:31:59}" (1 second before history)' \
-	'rm -f o e
+	'rm -f o e &&
 	 git rev-parse --verify "master@{May 26 2005 23:31:59}" >o 2>e &&
 	 test '"$C"' = $(cat o) &&
 	 test "warning: Log for '\''master'\'' only goes back to $ed." = "$(cat e)"'
 test_expect_success \
 	'Query "master@{May 26 2005 23:32:00}" (exactly history start)' \
-	'rm -f o e
+	'rm -f o e &&
 	 git rev-parse --verify "master@{May 26 2005 23:32:00}" >o 2>e &&
 	 test '"$C"' = $(cat o) &&
 	 test "" = "$(cat e)"'
 test_expect_success \
 	'Query "master@{May 26 2005 23:32:30}" (first non-creation change)' \
-	'rm -f o e
+	'rm -f o e &&
 	 git rev-parse --verify "master@{May 26 2005 23:32:30}" >o 2>e &&
 	 test '"$A"' = $(cat o) &&
 	 test "" = "$(cat e)"'
 test_expect_success \
 	'Query "master@{2005-05-26 23:33:01}" (middle of history with gap)' \
-	'rm -f o e
+	'rm -f o e &&
 	 git rev-parse --verify "master@{2005-05-26 23:33:01}" >o 2>e &&
 	 test '"$B"' = $(cat o) &&
 	 test "warning: Log .git/logs/'"$m has gap after $gd"'." = "$(cat e)"'
 test_expect_success \
 	'Query "master@{2005-05-26 23:38:00}" (middle of history)' \
-	'rm -f o e
+	'rm -f o e &&
 	 git rev-parse --verify "master@{2005-05-26 23:38:00}" >o 2>e &&
 	 test '"$Z"' = $(cat o) &&
 	 test "" = "$(cat e)"'
 test_expect_success \
 	'Query "master@{2005-05-26 23:43:00}" (exact end of history)' \
-	'rm -f o e
+	'rm -f o e &&
 	 git rev-parse --verify "master@{2005-05-26 23:43:00}" >o 2>e &&
 	 test '"$E"' = $(cat o) &&
 	 test "" = "$(cat e)"'
 test_expect_success \
 	'Query "master@{2005-05-28}" (past end of history)' \
-	'rm -f o e
+	'rm -f o e &&
 	 git rev-parse --verify "master@{2005-05-28}" >o 2>e &&
 	 test '"$D"' = $(cat o) &&
 	 test "warning: Log .git/logs/'"$m unexpectedly ended on $ld"'." = "$(cat e)"'
@@ -247,7 +246,7 @@
      git add F &&
 	 GIT_AUTHOR_DATE="2005-05-26 23:30" \
 	 GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2005-05-26 23:30" git commit -m add -a &&
-	 h_TEST=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
+	 h_TEST=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
 	 echo The other day this did not work. >M &&
 	 echo And then Bob told me how to fix it. >>M &&
 	 echo OTHER >F &&
diff --git a/t/t1401-symbolic-ref.sh b/t/t1401-symbolic-ref.sh
index 7fa5f5b..2c96551 100755
--- a/t/t1401-symbolic-ref.sh
+++ b/t/t1401-symbolic-ref.sh
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 reset_to_sane
 
 test_expect_success 'symbolic-ref refuses bare sha1' '
-	echo content >file && git add file && git commit -m one
+	echo content >file && git add file && git commit -m one &&
 	test_must_fail git symbolic-ref HEAD `git rev-parse HEAD`
 '
 reset_to_sane
diff --git a/t/t1402-check-ref-format.sh b/t/t1402-check-ref-format.sh
index 782e75d..1b0f82f 100755
--- a/t/t1402-check-ref-format.sh
+++ b/t/t1402-check-ref-format.sh
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
 	T=$(git write-tree) &&
 	sha1=$(echo A | git commit-tree $T) &&
 	git update-ref refs/heads/master $sha1 &&
-	git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/master $sha1
+	git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/master $sha1 &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	git checkout origin/master &&
 	git checkout master &&
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
 	T=$(git write-tree) &&
 	sha1=$(echo A | git commit-tree $T) &&
 	git update-ref refs/heads/master $sha1 &&
-	git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/master $sha1
+	git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/master $sha1 &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	git checkout origin/master &&
 	git checkout master &&
diff --git a/t/t1410-reflog.sh b/t/t1410-reflog.sh
index 25046c4..252fc82 100755
--- a/t/t1410-reflog.sh
+++ b/t/t1410-reflog.sh
@@ -186,8 +186,8 @@
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m tiger C &&
 
-	HEAD_entry_count=$(git reflog | wc -l)
-	master_entry_count=$(git reflog show master | wc -l)
+	HEAD_entry_count=$(git reflog | wc -l) &&
+	master_entry_count=$(git reflog show master | wc -l) &&
 
 	test $HEAD_entry_count = 5 &&
 	test $master_entry_count = 5 &&
@@ -199,13 +199,13 @@
 	test $HEAD_entry_count = $(git reflog | wc -l) &&
 	! grep ox < output &&
 
-	master_entry_count=$(wc -l < output)
+	master_entry_count=$(wc -l < output) &&
 
 	git reflog delete HEAD@{1} &&
 	test $(($HEAD_entry_count -1)) = $(git reflog | wc -l) &&
 	test $master_entry_count = $(git reflog show master | wc -l) &&
 
-	HEAD_entry_count=$(git reflog | wc -l)
+	HEAD_entry_count=$(git reflog | wc -l) &&
 
 	git reflog delete master@{07.04.2005.15:15:00.-0700} &&
 	git reflog show master > output &&
diff --git a/t/t1450-fsck.sh b/t/t1450-fsck.sh
index 1be415e..bb01d5a 100755
--- a/t/t1450-fsck.sh
+++ b/t/t1450-fsck.sh
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
 	sha=$(echo blob | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
 	old=$(echo $sha | sed "s+^..+&/+") &&
 	new=$(dirname $old)/ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff &&
-	sha="$(dirname $new)$(basename $new)"
+	sha="$(dirname $new)$(basename $new)" &&
 	mv .git/objects/$old .git/objects/$new &&
 	test_when_finished "remove_object $sha" &&
 	git update-index --add --cacheinfo 100644 $sha foo &&
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'tag pointing to nonexistent' '
-	cat >invalid-tag <<-\EOF
+	cat >invalid-tag <<-\EOF &&
 	object ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
 	type commit
 	tag invalid
diff --git a/t/t1501-worktree.sh b/t/t1501-worktree.sh
index 2c8f01f..f072a8e 100755
--- a/t/t1501-worktree.sh
+++ b/t/t1501-worktree.sh
@@ -340,4 +340,11 @@
 	git --git-dir="$(pwd)//repo.git" --work-tree="$(pwd)" add dummy_file
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'relative $GIT_WORK_TREE and git subprocesses' '
+	GIT_DIR=repo.git GIT_WORK_TREE=repo.git/work \
+	test-subprocess --setup-work-tree rev-parse --show-toplevel >actual &&
+	echo "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/repo.git/work" >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1502-rev-parse-parseopt.sh b/t/t1502-rev-parse-parseopt.sh
index b3195c4..1efd7f7 100755
--- a/t/t1502-rev-parse-parseopt.sh
+++ b/t/t1502-rev-parse-parseopt.sh
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'test --parseopt help output' '
-	git rev-parse --parseopt -- -h > output < optionspec
+	test_expect_code 129 git rev-parse --parseopt -- -h > output < optionspec &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t1504-ceiling-dirs.sh b/t/t1504-ceiling-dirs.sh
index df5ad8c..cce87a5 100755
--- a/t/t1504-ceiling-dirs.sh
+++ b/t/t1504-ceiling-dirs.sh
@@ -9,8 +9,9 @@
 }
 
 test_fail() {
-	test_expect_code 128 "$1: prefix" \
-	"git rev-parse --show-prefix"
+	test_expect_success "$1: prefix" '
+		test_expect_code 128 git rev-parse --show-prefix
+	'
 }
 
 TRASH_ROOT="$PWD"
diff --git a/t/t1506-rev-parse-diagnosis.sh b/t/t1506-rev-parse-diagnosis.sh
index 0eeeb0e..9f8adb1 100755
--- a/t/t1506-rev-parse-diagnosis.sh
+++ b/t/t1506-rev-parse-diagnosis.sh
@@ -31,6 +31,67 @@
 	 test $HASH_file = $(git rev-parse :0:file.txt) )
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'correct relative file objects (0)' '
+	git rev-parse :file.txt >expected &&
+	git rev-parse :./file.txt >result &&
+	test_cmp expected result &&
+	git rev-parse :0:./file.txt >result &&
+	test_cmp expected result
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'correct relative file objects (1)' '
+	git rev-parse HEAD:file.txt >expected &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD:./file.txt >result &&
+	test_cmp expected result
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'correct relative file objects (2)' '
+	(
+		cd subdir &&
+		git rev-parse HEAD:../file.txt >result &&
+		test_cmp ../expected result
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'correct relative file objects (3)' '
+	(
+		cd subdir &&
+		git rev-parse HEAD:../subdir/../file.txt >result &&
+		test_cmp ../expected result
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'correct relative file objects (4)' '
+	git rev-parse HEAD:subdir/file.txt >expected &&
+	(
+		cd subdir &&
+		git rev-parse HEAD:./file.txt >result &&
+		test_cmp ../expected result
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'correct relative file objects (5)' '
+	git rev-parse :subdir/file.txt >expected &&
+	(
+		cd subdir &&
+		git rev-parse :./file.txt >result &&
+		test_cmp ../expected result &&
+		git rev-parse :0:./file.txt >result &&
+		test_cmp ../expected result
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'correct relative file objects (6)' '
+	git rev-parse :file.txt >expected &&
+	(
+		cd subdir &&
+		git rev-parse :../file.txt >result &&
+		test_cmp ../expected result &&
+		git rev-parse :0:../file.txt >result &&
+		test_cmp ../expected result
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'incorrect revision id' '
 	test_must_fail git rev-parse foobar:file.txt 2>error &&
 	grep "Invalid object name '"'"'foobar'"'"'." error &&
@@ -75,4 +136,29 @@
 	grep "fatal: Log for [^ ]* only has [0-9][0-9]* entries." error
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'relative path not found' '
+	(
+		cd subdir &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse HEAD:./nonexistent.txt 2>error &&
+		grep subdir/nonexistent.txt error
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'relative path outside worktree' '
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse HEAD:../file.txt >output 2>error &&
+	test -z "$(cat output)" &&
+	grep "outside repository" error
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'relative path when cwd is outside worktree' '
+	test_must_fail git --git-dir=.git --work-tree=subdir rev-parse HEAD:./file.txt >output 2>error &&
+	test -z "$(cat output)" &&
+	grep "relative path syntax can.t be used outside working tree." error
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'relative path when startup_info is NULL' '
+	test_must_fail test-match-trees HEAD:./file.txt HEAD:./file.txt 2>error &&
+	grep "BUG: startup_info struct is not initialized." error
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1507-rev-parse-upstream.sh b/t/t1507-rev-parse-upstream.sh
index 8c8dfda..a455551 100755
--- a/t/t1507-rev-parse-upstream.sh
+++ b/t/t1507-rev-parse-upstream.sh
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@
 	git branch -t new my-side@{u} &&
 	git merge -s ours new@{u} &&
 	git show -s --pretty=format:%s >actual &&
-	echo "Merge remote branch ${sq}origin/side${sq}" >expect &&
+	echo "Merge remote-tracking branch ${sq}origin/side${sq}" >expect &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 )
 '
diff --git a/t/t1510-repo-setup.sh b/t/t1510-repo-setup.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..500ffaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1510-repo-setup.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,4532 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Tests of cwd/prefix/worktree/gitdir setup in all cases'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+#
+# A few rules for repo setup:
+#
+# 1. GIT_DIR is relative to user's cwd. --git-dir is equivalent to
+#    GIT_DIR.
+#
+# 2. .git file is relative to parent directory. .git file is basically
+#    symlink in disguise. The directory where .git file points to will
+#    become new git_dir.
+#
+# 3. core.worktree is relative to git_dir.
+#
+# 4. GIT_WORK_TREE is relative to user's cwd. --work-tree is
+#    equivalent to GIT_WORK_TREE.
+#
+# 5. GIT_WORK_TREE/core.worktree is only effective if GIT_DIR is set
+#    Uneffective worktree settings should be warned.
+#
+# 6. Effective GIT_WORK_TREE overrides core.worktree and core.bare
+#
+# 7. Effective core.worktree conflicts with core.bare
+#
+# 8. If GIT_DIR is set but neither worktree nor bare setting is given,
+#    original cwd becomes worktree.
+#
+# 9. If .git discovery is done inside a repo, the repo becomes a bare
+#    repo. .git discovery is performed if GIT_DIR is not set.
+#
+# 10. If no worktree is available, cwd remains unchanged, prefix is
+#     NULL.
+#
+# 11. When user's cwd is outside worktree, cwd remains unchanged,
+#     prefix is NULL.
+#
+
+test_repo() {
+	(
+	cd "$1" &&
+	if test -n "$2"; then GIT_DIR="$2" && export GIT_DIR; fi &&
+	if test -n "$3"; then GIT_WORK_TREE="$3" && export GIT_WORK_TREE; fi &&
+	rm -f trace &&
+	GIT_TRACE="`pwd`/trace" git symbolic-ref HEAD >/dev/null &&
+	grep '^setup: ' trace >result &&
+	test_cmp expected result
+	)
+}
+
+# Bit 0 = GIT_WORK_TREE
+# Bit 1 = GIT_DIR
+# Bit 2 = core.worktree
+# Bit 3 = .git is a file
+# Bit 4 = bare repo
+# Case# = encoding of the above 5 bits
+
+#
+# Case #0
+#
+############################################################
+#
+# Input:
+#
+#  - GIT_WORK_TREE is not set
+#  - GIT_DIR is not set
+#  - core.worktree is not set
+#  - .git is a directory
+#  - core.bare is not set, cwd is outside .git
+#
+# Output:
+#
+#  - worktree is .git's parent directory
+#  - cwd is at worktree root dir
+#  - prefix is calculated
+#  - git_dir is set to ".git"
+#  - cwd can't be outside worktree
+
+test_expect_success '#0: setup' '
+	unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE &&
+	mkdir 0 0/sub &&
+	cd 0 && git init && cd ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#0: at root' '
+	cat >0/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: .git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/0
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/0
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 0
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#0: in subdir' '
+	cat >0/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: .git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/0
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/0
+setup: prefix: sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 0/sub
+'
+
+#
+# case #1
+#
+############################################################
+#
+# Input:
+#
+#  - GIT_WORK_TREE is set
+#  - GIT_DIR is not set
+#  - core.worktree is not set
+#  - .git is a directory
+#  - core.bare is not set, cwd is outside .git
+#
+# Output:
+#
+# GIT_WORK_TREE is ignored -> #0
+
+test_expect_success '#1: setup' '
+	unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE &&
+	mkdir 1 1/sub 1.wt 1.wt/sub 1/wt 1/wt/sub &&
+	cd 1 &&
+	git init &&
+	GIT_WORK_TREE=non-existent &&
+	export GIT_WORK_TREE &&
+	cd ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#1: at root' '
+	cat >1/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: .git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/1
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/1
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#1: in subdir' '
+	cat >1/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: .git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/1
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/1
+setup: prefix: sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 1/sub
+'
+
+#
+# case #2
+#
+############################################################
+#
+# Input:
+#
+#  - GIT_WORK_TREE is not set
+#  - GIT_DIR is set
+#  - core.worktree is not set
+#  - .git is a directory
+#  - core.bare is not set, cwd is outside .git
+#
+# Output:
+#
+#  - worktree is at original cwd
+#  - cwd is unchanged
+#  - prefix is NULL
+#  - git_dir is set to $GIT_DIR
+#  - cwd can't be outside worktree
+
+test_expect_success '#2: setup' '
+	unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE &&
+	mkdir 2 2/sub &&
+	cd 2 && git init && cd ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#2: at root' '
+	cat >2/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/2/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/2
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/2
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 2 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/2/.git"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#2: in subdir' '
+	cat >2/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/2/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/2/sub
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/2/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 2/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/2/.git"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#2: relative GIT_DIR at root' '
+	cat >2/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: .git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/2
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/2
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 2 .git
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#2: relative GIT_DIR in subdir' '
+	cat >2/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: ../.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/2/sub
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/2/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 2/sub ../.git
+'
+
+#
+# case #3
+#
+############################################################
+#
+# Input:
+#
+#  - GIT_WORK_TREE is set
+#  - GIT_DIR is set
+#  - core.worktree is not set
+#  - .git is a directory
+#  - core.bare is not set, cwd is outside .git
+#
+# Output:
+#
+#  - worktree is set to $GIT_WORK_TREE
+#  - cwd is at worktree root
+#  - prefix is calculated
+#  - git_dir is set to $GIT_DIR
+#  - cwd can be outside worktree
+
+test_expect_success '#3: setup' '
+	unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE &&
+	mkdir 3 3/sub 3/sub/sub 3.wt 3.wt/sub 3/wt 3/wt/sub &&
+	cd 3 && git init && cd ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#3: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=root at root' '
+	cat >3/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: .git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/3
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/3
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 3 .git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/3"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#3: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=root(rel) at root' '
+	cat >3/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: .git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/3
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/3
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 3 .git .
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#3: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=root at root' '
+	cat >3/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/3/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/3
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/3
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 3 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/3/.git" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/3"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#3: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=root(rel) at root' '
+	cat >3/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/3/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/3
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/3
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 3 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/3/.git" .
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#3: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORKTREE=root in subdir' '
+	cat >3/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/3/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/3
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/3
+setup: prefix: sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 3/sub/sub ../../.git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/3"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#3: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORKTREE=root(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >3/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/3/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/3
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/3
+setup: prefix: sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 3/sub/sub ../../.git ../..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#3: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORKTREE=root in subdir' '
+	cat >3/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/3/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/3
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/3
+setup: prefix: sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 3/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/3/.git" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/3"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#3: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORKTREE=root(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >3/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/3/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/3
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/3
+setup: prefix: sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 3/sub/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/3/.git" ../..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#3: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=wt at root' '
+	cat >3/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: .git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/3/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/3
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 3 .git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/3/wt"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#3: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=wt(rel) at root' '
+	cat >3/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: .git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/3/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/3
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 3 .git wt
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#3: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=wt(rel) at root' '
+	cat >3/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/3/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/3/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/3
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 3 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/3/.git" wt
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#3: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=wt at root' '
+	cat >3/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/3/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/3/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/3
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 3 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/3/.git" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/3/wt"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#3: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=wt in subdir' '
+	cat >3/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: ../../.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/3/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/3/sub/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 3/sub/sub ../../.git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/3/wt"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#3: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=wt(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >3/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: ../../.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/3/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/3/sub/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 3/sub/sub ../../.git ../../wt
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#3: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=wt(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >3/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/3/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/3/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/3/sub/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 3/sub/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/3/.git" ../../wt
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#3: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=wt in subdir' '
+	cat >3/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/3/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/3/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/3/sub/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 3/sub/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/3/.git" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/3/wt"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#3: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=.. at root' '
+	cat >3/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/3/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 3/
+EOF
+	test_repo 3 .git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#3: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=..(rel) at root' '
+	cat >3/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/3/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 3/
+EOF
+	test_repo 3 .git ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#3: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=..(rel) at root' '
+	cat >3/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/3/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 3/
+EOF
+	test_repo 3 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/3/.git" ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#3: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=.. at root' '
+	cat >3/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/3/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 3/
+EOF
+	test_repo 3 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/3/.git" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#3: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=.. in subdir' '
+	cat >3/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/3/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 3/sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 3/sub/sub ../../.git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#3: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=..(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >3/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/3/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 3/sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 3/sub/sub ../../.git ../../..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#3: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=..(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >3/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/3/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 3/sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 3/sub/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/3/.git" ../../../
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#3: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=.. in subdir' '
+	cat >3/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/3/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 3/sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 3/sub/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/3/.git" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
+'
+
+#
+# case #4
+#
+############################################################
+#
+# Input:
+#
+#  - GIT_WORK_TREE is not set
+#  - GIT_DIR is not set
+#  - core.worktree is set
+#  - .git is a directory
+#  - core.bare is not set, cwd is outside .git
+#
+# Output:
+#
+# core.worktree is ignored -> #0
+
+test_expect_success '#4: setup' '
+	unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE &&
+	mkdir 4 4/sub &&
+	cd 4 &&
+	git init &&
+	git config core.worktree non-existent &&
+	cd ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#4: at root' '
+	cat >4/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: .git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/4
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/4
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 4
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#4: in subdir' '
+	cat >4/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: .git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/4
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/4
+setup: prefix: sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 4/sub
+'
+
+#
+# case #5
+#
+############################################################
+#
+# Input:
+#
+#  - GIT_WORK_TREE is set
+#  - GIT_DIR is not set
+#  - core.worktree is set
+#  - .git is a directory
+#  - core.bare is not set, cwd is outside .git
+#
+# Output:
+#
+# GIT_WORK_TREE/core.worktree are ignored -> #0
+
+test_expect_success '#5: setup' '
+	unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE &&
+	mkdir 5 5/sub &&
+	cd 5 &&
+	git init &&
+	git config core.worktree non-existent &&
+	GIT_WORK_TREE=non-existent-too &&
+	export GIT_WORK_TREE &&
+	cd ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#5: at root' '
+	cat >5/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: .git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/5
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/5
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 5
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#5: in subdir' '
+	cat >5/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: .git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/5
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/5
+setup: prefix: sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 5/sub
+'
+
+#
+# case #6
+#
+############################################################
+#
+# Input:
+#
+#  - GIT_WORK_TREE is not set
+#  - GIT_DIR is set
+#  - core.worktree is set
+#  - .git is a directory
+#  - core.bare is not set, cwd is outside .git
+#
+# Output:
+#
+#  - worktree is at core.worktree
+#  - cwd is at worktree root
+#  - prefix is calculated
+#  - git_dir is at $GIT_DIR
+#  - cwd can be outside worktree
+
+test_expect_success '#6: setup' '
+	unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE &&
+	mkdir 6 6/sub 6/sub/sub 6.wt 6.wt/sub 6/wt 6/wt/sub &&
+	cd 6 && git init && cd ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#6: GIT_DIR(rel), core.worktree=.. at root' '
+	cat >6/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: .git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/6
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/6
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git/config" core.worktree "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/6" &&
+	test_repo 6 .git
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#6: GIT_DIR(rel), core.worktree=..(rel) at root' '
+	cat >6/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: .git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/6
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/6
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git/config" core.worktree .. &&
+	test_repo 6 .git
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#6: GIT_DIR, core.worktree=.. at root' '
+	cat >6/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/6
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/6
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git/config" core.worktree "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/6" &&
+	test_repo 6 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#6: GIT_DIR, core.worktree=..(rel) at root' '
+	cat >6/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/6
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/6
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git/config" core.worktree .. &&
+	test_repo 6 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#6: GIT_DIR(rel), core.worktree=.. in subdir' '
+	cat >6/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/6
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/6
+setup: prefix: sub/sub/
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git/config" core.worktree "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/6" &&
+	test_repo 6/sub/sub ../../.git
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#6: GIT_DIR(rel), core.worktree=..(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >6/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/6
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/6
+setup: prefix: sub/sub/
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git/config" core.worktree .. &&
+	test_repo 6/sub/sub ../../.git
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#6: GIT_DIR, core.worktree=.. in subdir' '
+	cat >6/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/6
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/6
+setup: prefix: sub/
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git/config" core.worktree "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/6" &&
+	test_repo 6/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#6: GIT_DIR, core.worktree=..(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >6/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/6
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/6
+setup: prefix: sub/sub/
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git/config" core.worktree .. &&
+	test_repo 6/sub/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#6: GIT_DIR(rel), core.worktree=../wt at root' '
+	cat >6/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: .git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/6
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git/config" core.worktree "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/wt" &&
+	test_repo 6 .git
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#6: GIT_DIR(rel), core.worktree=../wt(rel) at root' '
+	cat >6/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: .git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/6
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git/config" core.worktree ../wt &&
+	test_repo 6 .git
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#6: GIT_DIR, core.worktree=../wt(rel) at root' '
+	cat >6/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/6
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git/config" core.worktree ../wt &&
+	test_repo 6 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#6: GIT_DIR, core.worktree=../wt at root' '
+	cat >6/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/6
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git/config" core.worktree "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/wt" &&
+	test_repo 6 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#6: GIT_DIR(rel), core.worktree=../wt in subdir' '
+	cat >6/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: ../../.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/sub/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git/config" core.worktree "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/wt" &&
+	test_repo 6/sub/sub ../../.git
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#6: GIT_DIR(rel), core.worktree=../wt(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >6/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: ../../.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/sub/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git/config" core.worktree ../wt &&
+	test_repo 6/sub/sub ../../.git
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#6: GIT_DIR, core.worktree=../wt(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >6/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/sub/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git/config" core.worktree ../wt &&
+	test_repo 6/sub/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#6: GIT_DIR, core.worktree=../wt in subdir' '
+	cat >6/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/sub/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git/config" core.worktree "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/wt" &&
+	test_repo 6/sub/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#6: GIT_DIR(rel), core.worktree=../.. at root' '
+	cat >6/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 6/
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git/config" core.worktree "$TRASH_DIRECTORY" &&
+	test_repo 6 .git
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#6: GIT_DIR(rel), core.worktree=../..(rel) at root' '
+	cat >6/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 6/
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git/config" core.worktree ../../ &&
+	test_repo 6 .git
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#6: GIT_DIR, core.worktree=../..(rel) at root' '
+	cat >6/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 6/
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git/config" core.worktree ../../ &&
+	test_repo 6 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#6: GIT_DIR, core.worktree=../.. at root' '
+	cat >6/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 6/
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git/config" core.worktree "$TRASH_DIRECTORY" &&
+	test_repo 6 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#6: GIT_DIR(rel), core.worktree=../.. in subdir' '
+	cat >6/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 6/sub/sub/
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git/config" core.worktree "$TRASH_DIRECTORY" &&
+	test_repo 6/sub/sub ../../.git
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#6: GIT_DIR(rel), core.worktree=../..(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >6/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 6/sub/sub/
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git/config" core.worktree ../.. &&
+	test_repo 6/sub/sub ../../.git
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#6: GIT_DIR, core.worktree=../..(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >6/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 6/sub/sub/
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git/config" core.worktree ../.. &&
+	test_repo 6/sub/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#6: GIT_DIR, core.worktree=../.. in subdir' '
+	cat >6/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 6/sub/sub/
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git/config" core.worktree "$TRASH_DIRECTORY" &&
+	test_repo 6/sub/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/6/.git"
+'
+
+#
+# case #7
+#
+############################################################
+#
+# Input:
+#
+#  - GIT_WORK_TREE is set
+#  - GIT_DIR is set
+#  - core.worktree is set
+#  - .git is a directory
+#  - core.bare is not set, cwd is outside .git
+#
+# Output:
+#
+# core.worktree is overridden by GIT_WORK_TREE -> #3
+
+test_expect_success '#7: setup' '
+	unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE &&
+	mkdir 7 7/sub 7/sub/sub 7.wt 7.wt/sub 7/wt 7/wt/sub &&
+	cd 7 &&
+	git init &&
+	git config core.worktree non-existent &&
+	cd ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#7: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=root at root' '
+	cat >7/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: .git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/7
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/7
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 7 .git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/7"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#7: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=root(rel) at root' '
+	cat >7/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: .git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/7
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/7
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 7 .git .
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#7: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=root at root' '
+	cat >7/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/7/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/7
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/7
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 7 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/7/.git" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/7"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#7: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=root(rel) at root' '
+	cat >7/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/7/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/7
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/7
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 7 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/7/.git" .
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#7: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORKTREE=root in subdir' '
+	cat >7/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/7/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/7
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/7
+setup: prefix: sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 7/sub/sub ../../.git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/7"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#7: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORKTREE=root(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >7/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/7/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/7
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/7
+setup: prefix: sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 7/sub/sub ../../.git ../..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#7: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORKTREE=root in subdir' '
+	cat >7/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/7/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/7
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/7
+setup: prefix: sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 7/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/7/.git" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/7"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#7: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORKTREE=root(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >7/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/7/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/7
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/7
+setup: prefix: sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 7/sub/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/7/.git" ../..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#7: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=wt at root' '
+	cat >7/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: .git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/7/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/7
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 7 .git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/7/wt"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#7: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=wt(rel) at root' '
+	cat >7/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: .git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/7/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/7
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 7 .git wt
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#7: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=wt(rel) at root' '
+	cat >7/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/7/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/7/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/7
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 7 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/7/.git" wt
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#7: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=wt at root' '
+	cat >7/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/7/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/7/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/7
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 7 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/7/.git" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/7/wt"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#7: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=wt in subdir' '
+	cat >7/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: ../../.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/7/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/7/sub/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 7/sub/sub ../../.git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/7/wt"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#7: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=wt(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >7/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: ../../.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/7/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/7/sub/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 7/sub/sub ../../.git ../../wt
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#7: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=wt(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >7/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/7/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/7/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/7/sub/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 7/sub/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/7/.git" ../../wt
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#7: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=wt in subdir' '
+	cat >7/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/7/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/7/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/7/sub/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 7/sub/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/7/.git" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/7/wt"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#7: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=.. at root' '
+	cat >7/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/7/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 7/
+EOF
+	test_repo 7 .git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#7: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=..(rel) at root' '
+	cat >7/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/7/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 7/
+EOF
+	test_repo 7 .git ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#7: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=..(rel) at root' '
+	cat >7/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/7/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 7/
+EOF
+	test_repo 7 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/7/.git" ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#7: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=.. at root' '
+	cat >7/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/7/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 7/
+EOF
+	test_repo 7 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/7/.git" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#7: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=.. in subdir' '
+	cat >7/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/7/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 7/sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 7/sub/sub ../../.git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#7: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=..(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >7/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/7/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 7/sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 7/sub/sub ../../.git ../../..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#7: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=..(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >7/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/7/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 7/sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 7/sub/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/7/.git" ../../../
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#7: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=.. in subdir' '
+	cat >7/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/7/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 7/sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 7/sub/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/7/.git" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
+'
+
+#
+# case #8
+#
+############################################################
+#
+# Input:
+#
+#  - GIT_WORK_TREE is not set
+#  - GIT_DIR is not set
+#  - core.worktree is not set
+#  - .git is a file
+#  - core.bare is not set, cwd is outside .git
+#
+# Output:
+#
+# #0 except that git_dir is set by .git file
+
+test_expect_success '#8: setup' '
+	unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE &&
+	mkdir 8 8/sub &&
+	cd 8 &&
+	git init &&
+	mv .git ../8.git &&
+	echo gitdir: ../8.git >.git &&
+	cd ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#8: at root' '
+	cat >8/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/8.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/8
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/8
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 8
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#8: in subdir' '
+	cat >8/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/8.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/8
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/8
+setup: prefix: sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 8/sub
+'
+
+#
+# case #9
+#
+############################################################
+#
+# Input:
+#
+#  - GIT_WORK_TREE is set
+#  - GIT_DIR is not set
+#  - core.worktree is not set
+#  - .git is a file
+#  - core.bare is not set, cwd is outside .git
+#
+# Output:
+#
+# #1 except that git_dir is set by .git file
+
+test_expect_success '#9: setup' '
+	unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE &&
+	mkdir 9 9/sub 9.wt 9.wt/sub 9/wt 9/wt/sub &&
+	cd 9 &&
+	git init &&
+	mv .git ../9.git &&
+	echo gitdir: ../9.git >.git &&
+	GIT_WORK_TREE=non-existent &&
+	export GIT_WORK_TREE &&
+	cd ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#9: at root' '
+	cat >9/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/9.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/9
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/9
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 9
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#9: in subdir' '
+	cat >9/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/9.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/9
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/9
+setup: prefix: sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 9/sub
+'
+
+#
+# case #10
+#
+############################################################
+#
+# Input:
+#
+#  - GIT_WORK_TREE is not set
+#  - GIT_DIR is set
+#  - core.worktree is not set
+#  - .git is a file
+#  - core.bare is not set, cwd is outside .git
+#
+# Output:
+#
+# #2 except that git_dir is set by .git file
+
+test_expect_success '#10: setup' '
+	unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE &&
+	mkdir 10 10/sub &&
+	cd 10 &&
+	git init &&
+	mv .git ../10.git &&
+	echo gitdir: ../10.git >.git &&
+	cd ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#10: at root' '
+	cat >10/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/10.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/10
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/10
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 10 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/10/.git"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#10: in subdir' '
+	cat >10/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/10.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/10/sub
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/10/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 10/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/10/.git"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#10: relative GIT_DIR at root' '
+	cat >10/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/10.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/10
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/10
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 10 .git
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#10: relative GIT_DIR in subdir' '
+	cat >10/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/10.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/10/sub
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/10/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 10/sub ../.git
+'
+
+#
+# case #11
+#
+############################################################
+#
+# Input:
+#
+#  - GIT_WORK_TREE is set
+#  - GIT_DIR is set
+#  - core.worktree is not set
+#  - .git is a file
+#  - core.bare is not set, cwd is outside .git
+#
+# Output:
+#
+# #3 except that git_dir is set by .git file
+
+test_expect_success '#11: setup' '
+	unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE &&
+	mkdir 11 11/sub 11/sub/sub 11.wt 11.wt/sub 11/wt 11/wt/sub &&
+	cd 11 &&
+	git init &&
+	mv .git ../11.git &&
+	echo gitdir: ../11.git >.git &&
+	cd ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#11: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=root at root' '
+	cat >11/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 11 .git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/11"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#11: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=root(rel) at root' '
+	cat >11/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 11 .git .
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#11: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=root at root' '
+	cat >11/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 11 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/11/.git" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/11"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#11: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=root(rel) at root' '
+	cat >11/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 11 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/11/.git" .
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#11: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORKTREE=root in subdir' '
+	cat >11/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11
+setup: prefix: sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 11/sub/sub ../../.git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/11"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#11: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORKTREE=root(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >11/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11
+setup: prefix: sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 11/sub/sub ../../.git ../..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#11: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORKTREE=root in subdir' '
+	cat >11/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11
+setup: prefix: sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 11/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/11/.git" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/11"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#11: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORKTREE=root(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >11/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11
+setup: prefix: sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 11/sub/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/11/.git" ../..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#11: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=wt at root' '
+	cat >11/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 11 .git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/11/wt"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#11: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=wt(rel) at root' '
+	cat >11/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 11 .git wt
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#11: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=wt(rel) at root' '
+	cat >11/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 11 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/11/.git" wt
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#11: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=wt at root' '
+	cat >11/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 11 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/11/.git" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/11/wt"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#11: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=wt in subdir' '
+	cat >11/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11/sub/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 11/sub/sub ../../.git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/11/wt"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#11: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=wt(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >11/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11/sub/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 11/sub/sub ../../.git ../../wt
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#11: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=wt(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >11/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11/sub/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 11/sub/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/11/.git" ../../wt
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#11: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=wt in subdir' '
+	cat >11/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11/sub/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 11/sub/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/11/.git" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/11/wt"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#11: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=.. at root' '
+	cat >11/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 11/
+EOF
+	test_repo 11 .git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#11: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=..(rel) at root' '
+	cat >11/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 11/
+EOF
+	test_repo 11 .git ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#11: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=..(rel) at root' '
+	cat >11/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 11/
+EOF
+	test_repo 11 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/11/.git" ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#11: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=.. at root' '
+	cat >11/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 11/
+EOF
+	test_repo 11 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/11/.git" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#11: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=.. in subdir' '
+	cat >11/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 11/sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 11/sub/sub ../../.git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#11: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=..(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >11/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 11/sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 11/sub/sub ../../.git ../../..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#11: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=..(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >11/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 11/sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 11/sub/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/11/.git" ../../../
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#11: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=.. in subdir' '
+	cat >11/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/11.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 11/sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 11/sub/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/11/.git" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
+'
+
+#
+# case #12
+#
+############################################################
+#
+# Input:
+#
+#  - GIT_WORK_TREE is not set
+#  - GIT_DIR is not set
+#  - core.worktree is set
+#  - .git is a file
+#  - core.bare is not set, cwd is outside .git
+#
+# Output:
+#
+# #4 except that git_dir is set by .git file
+
+
+test_expect_success '#12: setup' '
+	unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE &&
+	mkdir 12 12/sub 12/sub/sub 12.wt 12.wt/sub 12/wt 12/wt/sub &&
+	cd 12 &&
+	git init &&
+	git config core.worktree non-existent &&
+	mv .git ../12.git &&
+	echo gitdir: ../12.git >.git &&
+	cd ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#12: at root' '
+	cat >12/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/12.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/12
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/12
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 12
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#12: in subdir' '
+	cat >12/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/12.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/12
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/12
+setup: prefix: sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 12/sub
+'
+
+#
+# case #13
+#
+############################################################
+#
+# Input:
+#
+#  - GIT_WORK_TREE is set
+#  - GIT_DIR is not set
+#  - core.worktree is set
+#  - .git is a file
+#  - core.bare is not set, cwd is outside .git
+#
+# Output:
+#
+# #5 except that git_dir is set by .git file
+
+test_expect_success '#13: setup' '
+	unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE &&
+	mkdir 13 13/sub 13/sub/sub 13.wt 13.wt/sub 13/wt 13/wt/sub &&
+	cd 13 &&
+	git init &&
+	git config core.worktree non-existent &&
+	GIT_WORK_TREE=non-existent-too &&
+	export GIT_WORK_TREE &&
+	mv .git ../13.git &&
+	echo gitdir: ../13.git >.git &&
+	cd ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#13: at root' '
+	cat >13/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/13.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/13
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/13
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 13
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#13: in subdir' '
+	cat >13/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/13.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/13
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/13
+setup: prefix: sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 13/sub
+'
+
+#
+# case #14
+#
+############################################################
+#
+# Input:
+#
+#  - GIT_WORK_TREE is not set
+#  - GIT_DIR is set
+#  - core.worktree is set
+#  - .git is a file
+#  - core.bare is not set, cwd is outside .git
+#
+# Output:
+#
+# #6 except that git_dir is set by .git file
+
+test_expect_success '#14: setup' '
+	unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE &&
+	mkdir 14 14/sub 14/sub/sub 14.wt 14.wt/sub 14/wt 14/wt/sub &&
+	cd 14 &&
+	git init &&
+	mv .git ../14.git &&
+	echo gitdir: ../14.git >.git &&
+	cd ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#14: GIT_DIR(rel), core.worktree=../14 at root' '
+	cat >14/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/14.git/config" core.worktree "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/14" &&
+	test_repo 14 .git
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#14: GIT_DIR(rel), core.worktree=../14(rel) at root' '
+	cat >14/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/14.git/config" core.worktree ../14 &&
+	test_repo 14 .git
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#14: GIT_DIR, core.worktree=../14 at root' '
+	cat >14/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/14.git/config" core.worktree "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/14" &&
+	test_repo 14 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/14/.git"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#14: GIT_DIR, core.worktree=../14(rel) at root' '
+	cat >14/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/14.git/config" core.worktree ../14 &&
+	test_repo 14 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/14/.git"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#14: GIT_DIR(rel), core.worktree=../14 in subdir' '
+	cat >14/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14
+setup: prefix: sub/sub/
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/14.git/config" core.worktree "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/14" &&
+	test_repo 14/sub/sub ../../.git
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#14: GIT_DIR(rel), core.worktree=../14(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >14/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14
+setup: prefix: sub/sub/
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/14.git/config" core.worktree ../14 &&
+	test_repo 14/sub/sub ../../.git
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#14: GIT_DIR, core.worktree=../14 in subdir' '
+	cat >14/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14
+setup: prefix: sub/
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/14.git/config" core.worktree "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/14" &&
+	test_repo 14/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/14/.git"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#14: GIT_DIR, core.worktree=../14(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >14/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14
+setup: prefix: sub/sub/
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/14.git/config" core.worktree ../14 &&
+	test_repo 14/sub/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/14/.git"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#14: GIT_DIR(rel), core.worktree=../14/wt at root' '
+	cat >14/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/14.git/config" core.worktree "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/14/wt" &&
+	test_repo 14 .git
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#14: GIT_DIR(rel), core.worktree=../14/wt(rel) at root' '
+	cat >14/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/14.git/config" core.worktree ../14/wt &&
+	test_repo 14 .git
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#14: GIT_DIR, core.worktree=../14/wt(rel) at root' '
+	cat >14/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/14.git/config" core.worktree ../14/wt &&
+	test_repo 14 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/14/.git"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#14: GIT_DIR, core.worktree=../14/wt at root' '
+	cat >14/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/14.git/config" core.worktree "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/14/wt" &&
+	test_repo 14 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/14/.git"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#14: GIT_DIR(rel), core.worktree=../14/wt in subdir' '
+	cat >14/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14/sub/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/14.git/config" core.worktree "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/14/wt" &&
+	test_repo 14/sub/sub ../../.git
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#14: GIT_DIR(rel), core.worktree=../14/wt(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >14/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14/sub/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/14.git/config" core.worktree ../14/wt &&
+	test_repo 14/sub/sub ../../.git
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#14: GIT_DIR, core.worktree=../14/wt(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >14/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14/sub/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/14.git/config" core.worktree ../14/wt &&
+	test_repo 14/sub/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/14/.git"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#14: GIT_DIR, core.worktree=../14/wt in subdir' '
+	cat >14/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14/sub/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/14.git/config" core.worktree "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/14/wt" &&
+	test_repo 14/sub/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/14/.git"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#14: GIT_DIR(rel), core.worktree=.. at root' '
+	cat >14/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 14/
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/14.git/config" core.worktree "$TRASH_DIRECTORY" &&
+	test_repo 14 .git
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#14: GIT_DIR(rel), core.worktree=..(rel) at root' '
+	cat >14/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 14/
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/14.git/config" core.worktree .. &&
+	test_repo 14 .git
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#14: GIT_DIR, core.worktree=..(rel) at root' '
+	cat >14/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 14/
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/14.git/config" core.worktree .. &&
+	test_repo 14 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/14/.git"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#14: GIT_DIR, core.worktree=.. at root' '
+	cat >14/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 14/
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/14.git/config" core.worktree "$TRASH_DIRECTORY" &&
+	test_repo 14 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/14/.git"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#14: GIT_DIR(rel), core.worktree=.. in subdir' '
+	cat >14/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 14/sub/sub/
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/14.git/config" core.worktree "$TRASH_DIRECTORY" &&
+	test_repo 14/sub/sub ../../.git
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#14: GIT_DIR(rel), core.worktree=..(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >14/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 14/sub/sub/
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/14.git/config" core.worktree .. &&
+	test_repo 14/sub/sub ../../.git
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#14: GIT_DIR, core.worktree=..(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >14/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 14/sub/sub/
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/14.git/config" core.worktree .. &&
+	test_repo 14/sub/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/14/.git"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#14: GIT_DIR, core.worktree=.. in subdir' '
+	cat >14/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/14.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 14/sub/sub/
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/14.git/config" core.worktree "$TRASH_DIRECTORY" &&
+	test_repo 14/sub/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/14/.git"
+'
+
+#
+# case #15
+#
+############################################################
+#
+# Input:
+#
+#  - GIT_WORK_TREE is set
+#  - GIT_DIR is set
+#  - core.worktree is set
+#  - .git is a file
+#  - core.bare is not set, cwd is outside .git
+#
+# Output:
+#
+# #7 except that git_dir is set by .git file
+
+test_expect_success '#15: setup' '
+	unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE &&
+	mkdir 15 15/sub 15/sub/sub 15.wt 15.wt/sub 15/wt 15/wt/sub &&
+	cd 15 &&
+	git init &&
+	git config core.worktree non-existent &&
+	mv .git ../15.git &&
+	echo gitdir: ../15.git >.git &&
+	cd ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#15: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=root at root' '
+	cat >15/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 15 .git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/15"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#15: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=root(rel) at root' '
+	cat >15/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 15 .git .
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#15: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=root at root' '
+	cat >15/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 15 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/15/.git" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/15"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#15: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=root(rel) at root' '
+	cat >15/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 15 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/15/.git" .
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#15: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORKTREE=root in subdir' '
+	cat >15/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15
+setup: prefix: sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 15/sub/sub ../../.git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/15"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#15: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORKTREE=root(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >15/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15
+setup: prefix: sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 15/sub/sub ../../.git ../..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#15: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORKTREE=root in subdir' '
+	cat >15/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15
+setup: prefix: sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 15/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/15/.git" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/15"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#15: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORKTREE=root(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >15/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15
+setup: prefix: sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 15/sub/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/15/.git" ../..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#15: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=wt at root' '
+	cat >15/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 15 .git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/15/wt"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#15: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=wt(rel) at root' '
+	cat >15/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 15 .git wt
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#15: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=wt(rel) at root' '
+	cat >15/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 15 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/15/.git" wt
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#15: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=wt at root' '
+	cat >15/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 15 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/15/.git" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/15/wt"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#15: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=wt in subdir' '
+	cat >15/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15/sub/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 15/sub/sub ../../.git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/15/wt"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#15: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=wt(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >15/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15/sub/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 15/sub/sub ../../.git ../../wt
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#15: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=wt(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >15/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15/sub/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 15/sub/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/15/.git" ../../wt
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#15: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=wt in subdir' '
+	cat >15/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15/sub/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 15/sub/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/15/.git" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/15/wt"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#15: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=.. at root' '
+	cat >15/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 15/
+EOF
+	test_repo 15 .git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#15: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=..(rel) at root' '
+	cat >15/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 15/
+EOF
+	test_repo 15 .git ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#15: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=..(rel) at root' '
+	cat >15/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 15/
+EOF
+	test_repo 15 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/15/.git" ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#15: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=.. at root' '
+	cat >15/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 15/
+EOF
+	test_repo 15 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/15/.git" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#15: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=.. in subdir' '
+	cat >15/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 15/sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 15/sub/sub ../../.git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#15: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=..(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >15/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 15/sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 15/sub/sub ../../.git ../../..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#15: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=..(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >15/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 15/sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 15/sub/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/15/.git" ../../../
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#15: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=.. in subdir' '
+	cat >15/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/15.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 15/sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 15/sub/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/15/.git" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
+'
+
+#
+# case #16.1
+#
+############################################################
+#
+# Input:
+#
+#  - GIT_WORK_TREE is not set
+#  - GIT_DIR is not set
+#  - core.worktree is not set
+#  - .git is a directory
+#  - cwd is inside .git
+#
+# Output:
+#
+#  - no worktree
+#  - cwd is unchanged
+#  - prefix is NULL
+#  - git_dir is set
+#  - cwd can't be outside worktree
+
+test_expect_success '#16.1: setup' '
+	unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE &&
+	mkdir 16 16/sub &&
+	cd 16 &&
+	git init &&
+	mkdir .git/wt .git/wt/sub &&
+	cd ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#16.1: at .git' '
+	cat >16/.git/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: .
+setup: worktree: (null)
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/16/.git
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 16/.git
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#16.1: in .git/wt' '
+	cat >16/.git/wt/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/16/.git
+setup: worktree: (null)
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/16/.git/wt
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 16/.git/wt
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#16.1: in .git/wt/sub' '
+	cat >16/.git/wt/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/16/.git
+setup: worktree: (null)
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/16/.git/wt/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 16/.git/wt/sub
+'
+
+#
+# case #16.2
+#
+############################################################
+#
+# Input:
+#
+#  - GIT_WORK_TREE is not set
+#  - GIT_DIR is not set
+#  - core.worktree is not set
+#  - .git is a directory
+#  - core.bare is set
+#
+# Output:
+#
+#  - no worktree
+#  - cwd is unchanged
+#  - prefix is NULL
+#  - git_dir is set
+#  - cwd can't be outside worktree
+
+test_expect_success '#16.2: setup' '
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/16/.git/config" core.bare true
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#16.2: at .git' '
+	cat >16/.git/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: .
+setup: worktree: (null)
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/16/.git
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 16/.git
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#16.2: in .git/wt' '
+	cat >16/.git/wt/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/16/.git
+setup: worktree: (null)
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/16/.git/wt
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 16/.git/wt
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#16.2: in .git/wt/sub' '
+	cat >16/.git/wt/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/16/.git
+setup: worktree: (null)
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/16/.git/wt/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 16/.git/wt/sub
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#16.2: at root' '
+	cat >16/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: .git
+setup: worktree: (null)
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/16
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 16
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#16.2: in subdir' '
+	cat >16/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/16/.git
+setup: worktree: (null)
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/16/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 16/sub
+'
+
+#
+# case #17.1
+#
+############################################################
+#
+# Input:
+#
+#  - GIT_WORK_TREE is set
+#  - GIT_DIR is not set
+#  - core.worktree is not set
+#  - .git is a directory
+#  - cwd is inside .git
+#
+# Output:
+#
+# GIT_WORK_TREE is ignored -> #16.1 (with warnings perhaps)
+
+test_expect_success '#17.1: setup' '
+	unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE &&
+	mkdir 17 17/sub &&
+	cd 17 &&
+	git init &&
+	mkdir .git/wt .git/wt/sub &&
+	GIT_WORK_TREE=non-existent &&
+	export GIT_WORK_TREE &&
+	cd ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#17.1: at .git' '
+	cat >17/.git/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: .
+setup: worktree: (null)
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/17/.git
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 17/.git
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#17.1: in .git/wt' '
+	cat >17/.git/wt/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/17/.git
+setup: worktree: (null)
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/17/.git/wt
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 17/.git/wt
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#17.1: in .git/wt/sub' '
+	cat >17/.git/wt/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/17/.git
+setup: worktree: (null)
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/17/.git/wt/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 17/.git/wt/sub
+'
+
+#
+# case #17.2
+#
+############################################################
+#
+# Input:
+#
+#  - GIT_WORK_TREE is set
+#  - GIT_DIR is not set
+#  - core.worktree is not set
+#  - .git is a directory
+#  - core.bare is set
+#
+# Output:
+#
+# GIT_WORK_TREE is ignored -> #16.2 (with warnings perhaps)
+
+test_expect_success '#17.2: setup' '
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/17/.git/config" core.bare true
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#17.2: at .git' '
+	cat >17/.git/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: .
+setup: worktree: (null)
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/17/.git
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 17/.git
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#17.2: in .git/wt' '
+	cat >17/.git/wt/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/17/.git
+setup: worktree: (null)
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/17/.git/wt
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 17/.git/wt
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#17.2: in .git/wt/sub' '
+	cat >17/.git/wt/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/17/.git
+setup: worktree: (null)
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/17/.git/wt/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 17/.git/wt/sub
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#17.2: at root' '
+	cat >17/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: .git
+setup: worktree: (null)
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/17
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 17
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#17.2: in subdir' '
+	cat >17/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/17/.git
+setup: worktree: (null)
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/17/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 17/sub
+'
+
+#
+# case #18
+#
+############################################################
+#
+# Input:
+#
+#  - GIT_WORK_TREE is not set
+#  - GIT_DIR is set
+#  - core.worktree is not set
+#  - .git is a directory
+#  - core.bare is set
+#
+# Output:
+#
+#  - no worktree (rule #8)
+#  - cwd is unchanged
+#  - prefix is NULL
+#  - git_dir is set to $GIT_DIR
+#  - cwd can't be outside worktree
+
+test_expect_success '#18: setup' '
+	unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE &&
+	mkdir 18 18/sub &&
+	cd 18 &&
+	git init &&
+	mkdir .git/wt .git/wt/sub &&
+	git config core.bare true &&
+	cd ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#18: (rel) at root' '
+	cat >18/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: .git
+setup: worktree: (null)
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/18
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	 test_repo 18 .git
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#18: at root' '
+	cat >18/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/18/.git
+setup: worktree: (null)
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/18
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	 test_repo 18 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/18/.git"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#18: (rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >18/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: ../.git
+setup: worktree: (null)
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/18/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 18/sub ../.git
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#18: in subdir' '
+	cat >18/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/18/.git
+setup: worktree: (null)
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/18/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 18/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/18/.git"
+'
+
+#
+# case #19
+#
+############################################################
+#
+# Input:
+#
+#  - GIT_WORK_TREE is set
+#  - GIT_DIR is set
+#  - .git is a directory
+#  - core.worktree is not set
+#  - core.bare is set
+#
+# Output:
+#
+# bare repo is overridden by GIT_WORK_TREE -> #3
+
+test_expect_success '#19: setup' '
+	unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE &&
+	mkdir 19 19/sub 19/sub/sub 19.wt 19.wt/sub 19/wt 19/wt/sub &&
+	cd 19 &&
+	git init &&
+	git config core.bare true &&
+	cd ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#19: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=root at root' '
+	cat >19/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: .git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/19
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/19
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 19 .git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/19"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#19: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=root(rel) at root' '
+	cat >19/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: .git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/19
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/19
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 19 .git .
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#19: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=root at root' '
+	cat >19/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/19/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/19
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/19
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 19 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/19/.git" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/19"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#19: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=root(rel) at root' '
+	cat >19/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/19/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/19
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/19
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 19 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/19/.git" .
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#19: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORKTREE=root in subdir' '
+	cat >19/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/19/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/19
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/19
+setup: prefix: sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 19/sub/sub ../../.git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/19"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#19: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORKTREE=root(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >19/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/19/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/19
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/19
+setup: prefix: sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 19/sub/sub ../../.git ../..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#19: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORKTREE=root in subdir' '
+	cat >19/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/19/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/19
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/19
+setup: prefix: sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 19/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/19/.git" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/19"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#19: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORKTREE=root(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >19/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/19/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/19
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/19
+setup: prefix: sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 19/sub/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/19/.git" ../..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#19: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=wt at root' '
+	cat >19/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: .git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/19/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/19
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 19 .git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/19/wt"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#19: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=wt(rel) at root' '
+	cat >19/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: .git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/19/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/19
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 19 .git wt
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#19: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=wt(rel) at root' '
+	cat >19/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/19/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/19/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/19
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 19 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/19/.git" wt
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#19: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=wt at root' '
+	cat >19/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/19/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/19/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/19
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 19 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/19/.git" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/19/wt"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#19: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=wt in subdir' '
+	cat >19/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: ../../.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/19/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/19/sub/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 19/sub/sub ../../.git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/19/wt"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#19: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=wt(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >19/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: ../../.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/19/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/19/sub/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 19/sub/sub ../../.git ../../wt
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#19: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=wt(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >19/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/19/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/19/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/19/sub/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 19/sub/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/19/.git" ../../wt
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#19: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=wt in subdir' '
+	cat >19/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/19/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/19/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/19/sub/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 19/sub/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/19/.git" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/19/wt"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#19: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=.. at root' '
+	cat >19/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/19/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 19/
+EOF
+	test_repo 19 .git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#19: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=..(rel) at root' '
+	cat >19/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/19/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 19/
+EOF
+	test_repo 19 .git ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#19: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=..(rel) at root' '
+	cat >19/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/19/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 19/
+EOF
+	test_repo 19 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/19/.git" ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#19: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=.. at root' '
+	cat >19/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/19/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 19/
+EOF
+	test_repo 19 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/19/.git" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#19: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=.. in subdir' '
+	cat >19/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/19/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 19/sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 19/sub/sub ../../.git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#19: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=..(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >19/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/19/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 19/sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 19/sub/sub ../../.git ../../..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#19: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=..(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >19/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/19/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 19/sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 19/sub/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/19/.git" ../../../
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#19: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=.. in subdir' '
+	cat >19/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/19/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 19/sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 19/sub/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/19/.git" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
+'
+
+#
+# case #20.1
+#
+############################################################
+#
+# Input:
+#
+#  - GIT_WORK_TREE is not set
+#  - GIT_DIR is not set
+#  - core.worktree is set
+#  - .git is a directory
+#  - cwd is inside .git
+#
+# Output:
+#
+# core.worktree is ignored -> #16.1
+
+test_expect_success '#20.1: setup' '
+	unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE &&
+	mkdir 20 20/sub &&
+	cd 20 &&
+	git init &&
+	git config core.worktree non-existent &&
+	mkdir .git/wt .git/wt/sub &&
+	cd ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#20.1: at .git' '
+	cat >20/.git/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: .
+setup: worktree: (null)
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/20/.git
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 20/.git
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#20.1: in .git/wt' '
+	cat >20/.git/wt/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/20/.git
+setup: worktree: (null)
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/20/.git/wt
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 20/.git/wt
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#20.1: in .git/wt/sub' '
+	cat >20/.git/wt/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/20/.git
+setup: worktree: (null)
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/20/.git/wt/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 20/.git/wt/sub
+'
+
+#
+# case #20.2
+#
+############################################################
+#
+# Input:
+#
+#  - GIT_WORK_TREE is not set
+#  - GIT_DIR is not set
+#  - core.worktree is set
+#  - .git is a directory
+#  - core.bare is set
+#
+# Output:
+#
+# core.worktree is ignored -> #16.2
+
+test_expect_success '#20.2: setup' '
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/20/.git/config" core.bare true
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#20.2: at .git' '
+	cat >20/.git/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: .
+setup: worktree: (null)
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/20/.git
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 20/.git
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#20.2: in .git/wt' '
+	cat >20/.git/wt/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/20/.git
+setup: worktree: (null)
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/20/.git/wt
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 20/.git/wt
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#20.2: in .git/wt/sub' '
+	cat >20/.git/wt/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/20/.git
+setup: worktree: (null)
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/20/.git/wt/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 20/.git/wt/sub
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#20.2: at root' '
+	cat >20/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: .git
+setup: worktree: (null)
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/20
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 20
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#20.2: in subdir' '
+	cat >20/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/20/.git
+setup: worktree: (null)
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/20/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 20/sub
+'
+
+#
+# case #21.1
+#
+############################################################
+#
+# Input:
+#
+#  - GIT_WORK_TREE is set
+#  - GIT_DIR is not set
+#  - core.worktree is set
+#  - .git is a directory
+#  - cwd is inside .git
+#
+# Output:
+#
+# GIT_WORK_TREE/core.worktree are ignored -> #20.1
+
+test_expect_success '#21.1: setup' '
+	unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE &&
+	mkdir 21 21/sub &&
+	cd 21 &&
+	git init &&
+	git config core.worktree non-existent &&
+	GIT_WORK_TREE=non-existent-too &&
+	export GIT_WORK_TREE &&
+	mkdir .git/wt .git/wt/sub &&
+	cd ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#21.1: at .git' '
+	cat >21/.git/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: .
+setup: worktree: (null)
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/21/.git
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 21/.git
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#21.1: in .git/wt' '
+	cat >21/.git/wt/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/21/.git
+setup: worktree: (null)
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/21/.git/wt
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 21/.git/wt
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#21.1: in .git/wt/sub' '
+	cat >21/.git/wt/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/21/.git
+setup: worktree: (null)
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/21/.git/wt/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 21/.git/wt/sub
+'
+
+#
+# case #21.2
+#
+############################################################
+#
+# Input:
+#
+#  - GIT_WORK_TREE is set
+#  - GIT_DIR is not set
+#  - core.worktree is set
+#  - .git is a directory
+#  - core.bare is set
+#
+# Output:
+#
+# GIT_WORK_TREE/core.worktree are ignored -> #20.2
+
+test_expect_success '#21.2: setup' '
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/21/.git/config" core.bare true
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#21.2: at .git' '
+	cat >21/.git/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: .
+setup: worktree: (null)
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/21/.git
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 21/.git
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#21.2: in .git/wt' '
+	cat >21/.git/wt/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/21/.git
+setup: worktree: (null)
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/21/.git/wt
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 21/.git/wt
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#21.2: in .git/wt/sub' '
+	cat >21/.git/wt/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/21/.git
+setup: worktree: (null)
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/21/.git/wt/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 21/.git/wt/sub
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#21.2: at root' '
+	cat >21/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: .git
+setup: worktree: (null)
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/21
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 21
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#21.2: in subdir' '
+	cat >21/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/21/.git
+setup: worktree: (null)
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/21/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 21/sub
+'
+
+#
+# case #22.1
+#
+############################################################
+#
+# Input:
+#
+#  - GIT_WORK_TREE is not set
+#  - GIT_DIR is set
+#  - core.worktree is set
+#  - .git is a directory
+#  - cwd is inside .git
+#
+# Output:
+#
+# bare attribute is ignored
+#
+#  - worktree is at core.worktree
+#  - cwd is at worktree root
+#  - prefix is calculated
+#  - git_dir is at $GIT_DIR
+#  - cwd can be outside worktree
+
+test_expect_success '#22.1: setup' '
+	unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE &&
+	mkdir 22 &&
+	cd 22 &&
+	git init &&
+	mkdir .git/sub .git/wt .git/wt/sub &&
+	cd ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#22.1: GIT_DIR(rel), core.worktree=. at .git' '
+	cat >22/.git/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: .
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git/config" core.worktree "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git" &&
+	test_repo 22/.git .
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#22.1: GIT_DIR(rel), core.worktree=.(rel) at .git' '
+	cat >22/.git/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: .
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git/config" core.worktree . &&
+	test_repo 22/.git .
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#22.1: GIT_DIR, core.worktree=. at .git' '
+	cat >22/.git/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git/config" core.worktree "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git" &&
+	test_repo 22/.git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#22.1: GIT_DIR, core.worktree=.(rel) at root' '
+	cat >22/.git/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git/config" core.worktree . &&
+	test_repo 22/.git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#22.1: GIT_DIR(rel), core.worktree=. in .git/sub' '
+	cat >22/.git/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git
+setup: prefix: sub/
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git/config" core.worktree "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git" &&
+	test_repo 22/.git/sub ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#22.1: GIT_DIR(rel), core.worktree=.(rel) in .git/sub' '
+	cat >22/.git/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git
+setup: prefix: sub/
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git/config" core.worktree . &&
+	test_repo 22/.git/sub/ ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#22.1: GIT_DIR, core.worktree=. in .git/sub' '
+	cat >22/.git/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git
+setup: prefix: sub/
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git/config" core.worktree "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git" &&
+	test_repo 22/.git/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#22.1: GIT_DIR, core.worktree=.(rel) in .git/sub' '
+	cat >22/.git/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git
+setup: prefix: sub/
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git/config" core.worktree . &&
+	test_repo 22/.git/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#22.1: GIT_DIR(rel), core.worktree=wt at .git' '
+	cat >22/.git/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: .
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git/config" core.worktree "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git/wt" &&
+	test_repo 22/.git .
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#22.1: GIT_DIR(rel), core.worktree=wt(rel) at .git' '
+	cat >22/.git/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: .
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git/config" core.worktree wt &&
+	test_repo 22/.git .
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#22.1: GIT_DIR, core.worktree=wt(rel) at .git' '
+	cat >22/.git/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git/config" core.worktree wt &&
+	test_repo 22/.git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#22.1: GIT_DIR, core.worktree=wt at .git' '
+	cat >22/.git/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git/config" core.worktree "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git/wt" &&
+	test_repo 22/.git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#22.1: GIT_DIR(rel), core.worktree=wt in .git/sub' '
+	cat >22/.git/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: ..
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git/config" core.worktree "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git/wt" &&
+	test_repo 22/.git/sub ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#22.1: GIT_DIR(rel), core.worktree=wt(rel) in .git/sub' '
+	cat >22/.git/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: ..
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git/config" core.worktree wt &&
+	test_repo 22/.git/sub ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#22.1: GIT_DIR, core.worktree=wt(rel) in .git/sub' '
+	cat >22/.git/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git/config" core.worktree wt &&
+	test_repo 22/.git/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#22.1: GIT_DIR, core.worktree=wt in .git/sub' '
+	cat >22/.git/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git/config" core.worktree "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git/wt" &&
+	test_repo 22/.git/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#22.1: GIT_DIR(rel), core.worktree=.. at .git' '
+	cat >22/.git/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22
+setup: prefix: .git/
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git/config" core.worktree "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/22" &&
+	test_repo 22/.git .
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#22.1: GIT_DIR(rel), core.worktree=..(rel) at .git' '
+	cat >22/.git/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22
+setup: prefix: .git/
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git/config" core.worktree .. &&
+	test_repo 22/.git .
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#22.1: GIT_DIR, core.worktree=..(rel) at .git' '
+	cat >22/.git/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22
+setup: prefix: .git/
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git/config" core.worktree .. &&
+	test_repo 22/.git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#22.1: GIT_DIR, core.worktree=.. at .git' '
+	cat >22/.git/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22
+setup: prefix: .git/
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git/config" core.worktree "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/22" &&
+	test_repo 22/.git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#22.1: GIT_DIR(rel), core.worktree=.. in .git/sub' '
+	cat >22/.git/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22
+setup: prefix: .git/sub/
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git/config" core.worktree "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/22" &&
+	test_repo 22/.git/sub ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#22.1: GIT_DIR(rel), core.worktree=..(rel) in .git/sub' '
+	cat >22/.git/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22
+setup: prefix: .git/sub/
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git/config" core.worktree .. &&
+	test_repo 22/.git/sub ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#22.1: GIT_DIR, core.worktree=..(rel) in .git/sub' '
+	cat >22/.git/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22
+setup: prefix: .git/sub/
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git/config" core.worktree .. &&
+	test_repo 22/.git/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#22.1: GIT_DIR, core.worktree=.. in .git/sub' '
+	cat >22/.git/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/22
+setup: prefix: .git/sub/
+EOF
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git/config" core.worktree "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/22" &&
+	test_repo 22/.git/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git"
+'
+
+#
+# case #22.2
+#
+############################################################
+#
+# Input:
+#
+#  - GIT_WORK_TREE is not set
+#  - GIT_DIR is set
+#  - core.worktree is set
+#  - .git is a directory
+#  - core.bare is set
+#
+# Output:
+#
+# core.worktree and core.bare conflict, won't fly.
+
+test_expect_success '#22.2: setup' '
+	git config --file="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/22/.git/config" core.bare true
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#22.2: at .git' '
+	(
+	cd 22/.git &&
+	GIT_DIR=. &&
+	export GIT_DIR &&
+	test_must_fail git symbolic-ref HEAD 2>result &&
+	grep "core.bare and core.worktree do not make sense" result
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#22.2: at root' '
+	(
+	cd 22 &&
+	GIT_DIR=.git &&
+	export GIT_DIR &&
+	test_must_fail git symbolic-ref HEAD 2>result &&
+	grep "core.bare and core.worktree do not make sense" result
+	)
+'
+
+#
+# case #23
+#
+############################################################
+#
+# Input:
+#
+#  - GIT_WORK_TREE is set
+#  - GIT_DIR is set
+#  - core.worktree is set
+#  - .git is a directory
+#  - core.bare is set
+#
+# Output:
+#
+# core.worktree is overridden by GIT_WORK_TREE -> #19
+
+test_expect_success '#23: setup' '
+	unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE &&
+	mkdir 23 23/sub 23/sub/sub 23.wt 23.wt/sub 23/wt 23/wt/sub &&
+	cd 23 &&
+	git init &&
+	git config core.bare true &&
+	git config core.worktree non-existent &&
+	cd ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#23: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=root at root' '
+	cat >23/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: .git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/23
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/23
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 23 .git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/23"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#23: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=root(rel) at root' '
+	cat >23/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: .git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/23
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/23
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 23 .git .
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#23: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=root at root' '
+	cat >23/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/23/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/23
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/23
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 23 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/23/.git" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/23"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#23: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=root(rel) at root' '
+	cat >23/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/23/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/23
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/23
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 23 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/23/.git" .
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#23: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORKTREE=root in subdir' '
+	cat >23/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/23/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/23
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/23
+setup: prefix: sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 23/sub/sub ../../.git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/23"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#23: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORKTREE=root(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >23/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/23/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/23
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/23
+setup: prefix: sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 23/sub/sub ../../.git ../..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#23: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORKTREE=root in subdir' '
+	cat >23/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/23/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/23
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/23
+setup: prefix: sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 23/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/23/.git" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/23"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#23: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORKTREE=root(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >23/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/23/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/23
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/23
+setup: prefix: sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 23/sub/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/23/.git" ../..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#23: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=wt at root' '
+	cat >23/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: .git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/23/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/23
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 23 .git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/23/wt"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#23: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=wt(rel) at root' '
+	cat >23/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: .git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/23/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/23
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 23 .git wt
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#23: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=wt(rel) at root' '
+	cat >23/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/23/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/23/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/23
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 23 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/23/.git" wt
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#23: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=wt at root' '
+	cat >23/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/23/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/23/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/23
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 23 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/23/.git" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/23/wt"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#23: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=wt in subdir' '
+	cat >23/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: ../../.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/23/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/23/sub/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 23/sub/sub ../../.git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/23/wt"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#23: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=wt(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >23/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: ../../.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/23/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/23/sub/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 23/sub/sub ../../.git ../../wt
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#23: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=wt(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >23/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/23/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/23/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/23/sub/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 23/sub/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/23/.git" ../../wt
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#23: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=wt in subdir' '
+	cat >23/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/23/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/23/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/23/sub/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 23/sub/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/23/.git" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/23/wt"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#23: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=.. at root' '
+	cat >23/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/23/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 23/
+EOF
+	test_repo 23 .git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#23: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=..(rel) at root' '
+	cat >23/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/23/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 23/
+EOF
+	test_repo 23 .git ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#23: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=..(rel) at root' '
+	cat >23/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/23/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 23/
+EOF
+	test_repo 23 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/23/.git" ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#23: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=.. at root' '
+	cat >23/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/23/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 23/
+EOF
+	test_repo 23 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/23/.git" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#23: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=.. in subdir' '
+	cat >23/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/23/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 23/sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 23/sub/sub ../../.git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#23: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=..(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >23/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/23/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 23/sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 23/sub/sub ../../.git ../../..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#23: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=..(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >23/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/23/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 23/sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 23/sub/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/23/.git" ../../../
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#23: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=.. in subdir' '
+	cat >23/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/23/.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 23/sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 23/sub/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/23/.git" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
+'
+
+#
+# case #24
+#
+############################################################
+#
+# Input:
+#
+#  - GIT_WORK_TREE is not set
+#  - GIT_DIR is not set
+#  - core.worktree is not set
+#  - .git is a file
+#  - core.bare is set
+#
+# Output:
+#
+# #16.2 except git_dir is set according to .git file
+
+test_expect_success '#24: setup' '
+	unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE &&
+	mkdir 24 24/sub &&
+	cd 24 &&
+	git init &&
+	git config core.bare true &&
+	mv .git ../24.git &&
+	echo gitdir: ../24.git >.git &&
+	cd ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#24: at root' '
+	cat >24/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/24.git
+setup: worktree: (null)
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/24
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 24
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#24: in subdir' '
+	cat >24/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/24.git
+setup: worktree: (null)
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/24/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 24/sub
+'
+
+#
+# case #25
+#
+############################################################
+#
+# Input:
+#
+#  - GIT_WORK_TREE is set
+#  - GIT_DIR is not set
+#  - core.worktree is not set
+#  - .git is a file
+#  - core.bare is set
+#
+# Output:
+#
+# #17.2 except git_dir is set according to .git file
+
+test_expect_success '#25: setup' '
+	unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE &&
+	mkdir 25 25/sub &&
+	cd 25 &&
+	git init &&
+	git config core.bare true &&
+	GIT_WORK_TREE=non-existent &&
+	export GIT_WORK_TREE &&
+	mv .git ../25.git &&
+	echo gitdir: ../25.git >.git &&
+	cd ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#25: at root' '
+	cat >25/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/25.git
+setup: worktree: (null)
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/25
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 25
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#25: in subdir' '
+	cat >25/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/25.git
+setup: worktree: (null)
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/25/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 25/sub
+'
+
+#
+# case #26
+#
+############################################################
+#
+# Input:
+#
+#  - GIT_WORK_TREE is not set
+#  - GIT_DIR is set
+#  - core.worktree is not set
+#  - .git is a file
+#  - core.bare is set
+#
+# Output:
+#
+# #18 except git_dir is set according to .git file
+
+test_expect_success '#26: setup' '
+	unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE &&
+	mkdir 26 26/sub &&
+	cd 26 &&
+	git init &&
+	git config core.bare true &&
+	mv .git ../26.git &&
+	echo gitdir: ../26.git >.git &&
+	cd ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#26: (rel) at root' '
+	cat >26/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/26.git
+setup: worktree: (null)
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/26
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	 test_repo 26 .git
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#26: at root' '
+	cat >26/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/26.git
+setup: worktree: (null)
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/26
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	 test_repo 26 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/26/.git"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#26: (rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >26/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/26.git
+setup: worktree: (null)
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/26/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 26/sub ../.git
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#26: in subdir' '
+	cat >26/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/26.git
+setup: worktree: (null)
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/26/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 26/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/26/.git"
+'
+
+#
+# case #27
+#
+############################################################
+#
+# Input:
+#
+#  - GIT_WORK_TREE is set
+#  - GIT_DIR is set
+#  - .git is a file
+#  - core.worktree is not set
+#  - core.bare is set
+#
+# Output:
+#
+# #19 except git_dir is set according to .git file
+
+test_expect_success '#27: setup' '
+	unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE &&
+	mkdir 27 27/sub 27/sub/sub 27.wt 27.wt/sub 27/wt 27/wt/sub &&
+	cd 27 &&
+	git init &&
+	git config core.bare true &&
+	mv .git ../27.git &&
+	echo gitdir: ../27.git >.git &&
+	cd ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#27: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=root at root' '
+	cat >27/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 27 .git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/27"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#27: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=root(rel) at root' '
+	cat >27/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 27 .git .
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#27: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=root at root' '
+	cat >27/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 27 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/27/.git" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/27"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#27: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=root(rel) at root' '
+	cat >27/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 27 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/27/.git" .
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#27: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORKTREE=root in subdir' '
+	cat >27/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27
+setup: prefix: sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 27/sub/sub ../../.git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/27"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#27: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORKTREE=root(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >27/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27
+setup: prefix: sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 27/sub/sub ../../.git ../..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#27: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORKTREE=root in subdir' '
+	cat >27/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27
+setup: prefix: sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 27/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/27/.git" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/27"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#27: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORKTREE=root(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >27/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27
+setup: prefix: sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 27/sub/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/27/.git" ../..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#27: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=wt at root' '
+	cat >27/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 27 .git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/27/wt"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#27: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=wt(rel) at root' '
+	cat >27/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 27 .git wt
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#27: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=wt(rel) at root' '
+	cat >27/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 27 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/27/.git" wt
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#27: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=wt at root' '
+	cat >27/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 27 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/27/.git" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/27/wt"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#27: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=wt in subdir' '
+	cat >27/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27/sub/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 27/sub/sub ../../.git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/27/wt"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#27: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=wt(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >27/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27/sub/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 27/sub/sub ../../.git ../../wt
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#27: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=wt(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >27/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27/sub/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 27/sub/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/27/.git" ../../wt
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#27: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=wt in subdir' '
+	cat >27/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27/sub/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 27/sub/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/27/.git" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/27/wt"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#27: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=.. at root' '
+	cat >27/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 27/
+EOF
+	test_repo 27 .git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#27: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=..(rel) at root' '
+	cat >27/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 27/
+EOF
+	test_repo 27 .git ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#27: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=..(rel) at root' '
+	cat >27/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 27/
+EOF
+	test_repo 27 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/27/.git" ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#27: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=.. at root' '
+	cat >27/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 27/
+EOF
+	test_repo 27 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/27/.git" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#27: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=.. in subdir' '
+	cat >27/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 27/sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 27/sub/sub ../../.git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#27: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=..(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >27/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 27/sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 27/sub/sub ../../.git ../../..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#27: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=..(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >27/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 27/sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 27/sub/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/27/.git" ../../../
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#27: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=.. in subdir' '
+	cat >27/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/27.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 27/sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 27/sub/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/27/.git" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
+'
+
+#
+# case #28
+#
+############################################################
+#
+# Input:
+#
+#  - GIT_WORK_TREE is not set
+#  - GIT_DIR is not set
+#  - core.worktree is set
+#  - .git is a file
+#  - core.bare is set
+#
+# Output:
+#
+# core.worktree is ignored -> #24
+
+test_expect_success '#28: setup' '
+	unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE &&
+	mkdir 28 28/sub &&
+	cd 28 &&
+	git init &&
+	git config core.bare true &&
+	git config core.worktree non-existent &&
+	mv .git ../28.git &&
+	echo gitdir: ../28.git >.git &&
+	cd ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#28: at root' '
+	cat >28/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/28.git
+setup: worktree: (null)
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/28
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 28
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#28: in subdir' '
+	cat >28/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/28.git
+setup: worktree: (null)
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/28/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 28/sub
+'
+
+#
+# case #29
+#
+############################################################
+#
+# Input:
+#
+#  - GIT_WORK_TREE is set
+#  - GIT_DIR is not set
+#  - core.worktree is set
+#  - .git is a file
+#  - core.bare is set
+#
+# Output:
+#
+# GIT_WORK_TREE/core.worktree are ignored -> #28
+
+test_expect_success '#29: setup' '
+	unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE &&
+	mkdir 29 29/sub &&
+	cd 29 &&
+	git init &&
+	git config core.bare true &&
+	GIT_WORK_TREE=non-existent &&
+	export GIT_WORK_TREE &&
+	mv .git ../29.git &&
+	echo gitdir: ../29.git >.git &&
+	cd ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#29: at root' '
+	cat >29/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/29.git
+setup: worktree: (null)
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/29
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 29
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#29: in subdir' '
+	cat >29/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/29.git
+setup: worktree: (null)
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/29/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 29/sub
+'
+
+#
+# case #30
+#
+############################################################
+#
+# Input:
+#
+#  - GIT_WORK_TREE is not set
+#  - GIT_DIR is set
+#  - core.worktree is set
+#  - .git is a file
+#  - core.bare is set
+#
+# Output:
+#
+# core.worktree and core.bare conflict, won't fly.
+
+test_expect_success '#30: setup' '
+	unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE &&
+	mkdir 30 &&
+	cd 30 &&
+	git init &&
+	git config core.bare true &&
+	git config core.worktree non-existent &&
+	mv .git ../30.git &&
+	echo gitdir: ../30.git >.git &&
+	cd ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#30: at root' '
+	(
+	cd 30 &&
+	GIT_DIR=.git &&
+	export GIT_DIR &&
+	test_must_fail git symbolic-ref HEAD 2>result &&
+	grep "core.bare and core.worktree do not make sense" result
+	)
+'
+
+#
+# case #31
+#
+############################################################
+#
+# Input:
+#
+#  - GIT_WORK_TREE is set
+#  - GIT_DIR is set
+#  - core.worktree is set
+#  - .git is a file
+#  - core.bare is set
+#
+# Output:
+#
+# #23 except git_dir is set according to .git file
+
+test_expect_success '#31: setup' '
+	unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE &&
+	mkdir 31 31/sub 31/sub/sub 31.wt 31.wt/sub 31/wt 31/wt/sub &&
+	cd 31 &&
+	git init &&
+	git config core.bare true &&
+	git config core.worktree non-existent &&
+	mv .git ../31.git &&
+	echo gitdir: ../31.git >.git &&
+	cd ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#31: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=root at root' '
+	cat >31/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 31 .git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/31"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#31: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=root(rel) at root' '
+	cat >31/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 31 .git .
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#31: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=root at root' '
+	cat >31/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 31 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/31/.git" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/31"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#31: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=root(rel) at root' '
+	cat >31/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 31 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/31/.git" .
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#31: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORKTREE=root in subdir' '
+	cat >31/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31
+setup: prefix: sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 31/sub/sub ../../.git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/31"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#31: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORKTREE=root(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >31/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31
+setup: prefix: sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 31/sub/sub ../../.git ../..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#31: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORKTREE=root in subdir' '
+	cat >31/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31
+setup: prefix: sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 31/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/31/.git" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/31"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#31: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORKTREE=root(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >31/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31
+setup: prefix: sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 31/sub/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/31/.git" ../..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#31: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=wt at root' '
+	cat >31/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 31 .git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/31/wt"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#31: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=wt(rel) at root' '
+	cat >31/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 31 .git wt
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#31: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=wt(rel) at root' '
+	cat >31/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 31 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/31/.git" wt
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#31: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=wt at root' '
+	cat >31/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 31 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/31/.git" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/31/wt"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#31: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=wt in subdir' '
+	cat >31/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31/sub/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 31/sub/sub ../../.git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/31/wt"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#31: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=wt(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >31/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31/sub/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 31/sub/sub ../../.git ../../wt
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#31: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=wt(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >31/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31/sub/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 31/sub/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/31/.git" ../../wt
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#31: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=wt in subdir' '
+	cat >31/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31/wt
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31/sub/sub
+setup: prefix: (null)
+EOF
+	test_repo 31/sub/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/31/.git" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/31/wt"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#31: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=.. at root' '
+	cat >31/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 31/
+EOF
+	test_repo 31 .git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#31: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=..(rel) at root' '
+	cat >31/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 31/
+EOF
+	test_repo 31 .git ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#31: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=..(rel) at root' '
+	cat >31/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 31/
+EOF
+	test_repo 31 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/31/.git" ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#31: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=.. at root' '
+	cat >31/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 31/
+EOF
+	test_repo 31 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/31/.git" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#31: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=.. in subdir' '
+	cat >31/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 31/sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 31/sub/sub ../../.git "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#31: GIT_DIR(rel), GIT_WORK_TREE=..(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >31/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 31/sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 31/sub/sub ../../.git ../../..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#31: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=..(rel) in subdir' '
+	cat >31/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 31/sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 31/sub/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/31/.git" ../../../
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#31: GIT_DIR, GIT_WORK_TREE=.. in subdir' '
+	cat >31/sub/sub/expected <<EOF &&
+setup: git_dir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/31.git
+setup: worktree: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: cwd: $TRASH_DIRECTORY
+setup: prefix: 31/sub/sub/
+EOF
+	test_repo 31/sub/sub "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/31/.git" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1511-rev-parse-caret.sh b/t/t1511-rev-parse-caret.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e043cb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1511-rev-parse-caret.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='tests for ref^{stuff}'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	echo blob >a-blob &&
+	git tag -a -m blob blob-tag `git hash-object -w a-blob`
+	mkdir a-tree &&
+	echo moreblobs >a-tree/another-blob &&
+	git add . &&
+	TREE_SHA1=`git write-tree` &&
+	git tag -a -m tree tree-tag "$TREE_SHA1" &&
+	git commit -m Initial &&
+	git tag -a -m commit commit-tag &&
+	git branch ref &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	echo modified >>a-blob &&
+	git add -u &&
+	git commit -m Modified
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ref^{non-existent}' '
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse ref^{non-existent}
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ref^{}' '
+	git rev-parse ref >expected &&
+	git rev-parse ref^{} >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	git rev-parse commit-tag^{} >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ref^{commit}' '
+	git rev-parse ref >expected &&
+	git rev-parse ref^{commit} >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	git rev-parse commit-tag^{commit} >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse tree-tag^{commit} &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse blob-tag^{commit}
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ref^{tree}' '
+	echo $TREE_SHA1 >expected &&
+	git rev-parse ref^{tree} >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	git rev-parse commit-tag^{tree} >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	git rev-parse tree-tag^{tree} >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse blob-tag^{tree}
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ref^{/.}' '
+	git rev-parse master >expected &&
+	git rev-parse master^{/.} >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ref^{/non-existent}' '
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse master^{/non-existent}
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ref^{/Initial}' '
+	git rev-parse ref >expected &&
+	git rev-parse master^{/Initial} >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t2006-checkout-index-basic.sh b/t/t2006-checkout-index-basic.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..b855983
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t2006-checkout-index-basic.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='basic checkout-index tests
+'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout-index --gobbledegook' '
+	test_expect_code 129 git checkout-index --gobbledegook 2>err &&
+	grep "[Uu]sage" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout-index -h in broken repository' '
+	mkdir broken &&
+	(
+		cd broken &&
+		git init &&
+		>.git/index &&
+		test_expect_code 129 git checkout-index -h >usage 2>&1
+	) &&
+	grep "[Uu]sage" broken/usage
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t2007-checkout-symlink.sh b/t/t2007-checkout-symlink.sh
index a74ee22..e6f59f1 100755
--- a/t/t2007-checkout-symlink.sh
+++ b/t/t2007-checkout-symlink.sh
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 	git branch side &&
 
 	echo goodbye >nitfol &&
-	git add nitfol
+	git add nitfol &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m "master adds file nitfol" &&
 
diff --git a/t/t2016-checkout-patch.sh b/t/t2016-checkout-patch.sh
index a463b13..9cd0ac4 100755
--- a/t/t2016-checkout-patch.sh
+++ b/t/t2016-checkout-patch.sh
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'git checkout -p with staged changes' '
-	set_state dir/foo work index
+	set_state dir/foo work index &&
 	(echo n; echo y) | git checkout -p &&
 	verify_saved_state bar &&
 	verify_state dir/foo index index
diff --git a/t/t2017-checkout-orphan.sh b/t/t2017-checkout-orphan.sh
index 2d2f63f..0e3b858 100755
--- a/t/t2017-checkout-orphan.sh
+++ b/t/t2017-checkout-orphan.sh
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'Setup' '
 	echo "Initial" >"$TEST_FILE" &&
 	git add "$TEST_FILE" &&
-	git commit -m "First Commit"
+	git commit -m "First Commit" &&
 	test_tick &&
 	echo "State 1" >>"$TEST_FILE" &&
 	git add "$TEST_FILE" &&
diff --git a/t/t2050-git-dir-relative.sh b/t/t2050-git-dir-relative.sh
index b7131d8..21f4659 100755
--- a/t/t2050-git-dir-relative.sh
+++ b/t/t2050-git-dir-relative.sh
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'post-commit hook used ordinarily' '
 echo initial >top &&
-git add top
+git add top &&
 git commit -m initial &&
 test -r "${COMMIT_FILE}"
 '
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
 rm -rf "${COMMIT_FILE}"
 
 test_expect_success 'post-commit-hook from sub dir' '
-echo changed again >top
+echo changed again >top &&
 cd subdir &&
 git --git-dir .git --work-tree .. add ../top &&
 git --git-dir .git --work-tree .. commit -m subcommit &&
diff --git a/t/t2101-update-index-reupdate.sh b/t/t2101-update-index-reupdate.sh
index 76ad7c3..c8bce8c 100755
--- a/t/t2101-update-index-reupdate.sh
+++ b/t/t2101-update-index-reupdate.sh
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
 	echo hello world >dir1/file3 &&
 	echo goodbye people >file2 &&
 	git update-index --add file2 dir1/file3 &&
-	echo hello everybody >file2
+	echo hello everybody >file2 &&
 	echo happy >dir1/file3 &&
 	git update-index --again &&
 	git ls-files -s >current &&
diff --git a/t/t2107-update-index-basic.sh b/t/t2107-update-index-basic.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..809fafe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t2107-update-index-basic.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='basic update-index tests
+
+Tests for command-line parsing and basic operation.
+'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'update-index --nonsense fails' '
+	test_must_fail git update-index --nonsense 2>msg &&
+	cat msg &&
+	test -s msg
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update-index --nonsense dumps usage' '
+	test_expect_code 129 git update-index --nonsense 2>err &&
+	grep "[Uu]sage: git update-index" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update-index -h with corrupt index' '
+	mkdir broken &&
+	(
+		cd broken &&
+		git init &&
+		>.git/index &&
+		test_expect_code 129 git update-index -h >usage 2>&1
+	) &&
+	grep "[Uu]sage: git update-index" broken/usage
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t2200-add-update.sh b/t/t2200-add-update.sh
index 2ad2819..0692427 100755
--- a/t/t2200-add-update.sh
+++ b/t/t2200-add-update.sh
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 	echo initial >dir1/sub2 &&
 	echo initial >dir2/sub3 &&
 	git add check dir1 dir2 top foo &&
-	test_tick
+	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m initial &&
 
 	echo changed >check &&
diff --git a/t/t3001-ls-files-others-exclude.sh b/t/t3001-ls-files-others-exclude.sh
index 6d2f2b6..c8fe978 100755
--- a/t/t3001-ls-files-others-exclude.sh
+++ b/t/t3001-ls-files-others-exclude.sh
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'trailing slash in exclude forces directory match (1)' '
 
-	>two
+	>two &&
 	git ls-files --others --exclude=two/ >output &&
 	grep "^two" output
 
diff --git a/t/t3004-ls-files-basic.sh b/t/t3004-ls-files-basic.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..490e052
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3004-ls-files-basic.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='basic ls-files tests
+
+This test runs git ls-files with various unusual or malformed
+command-line arguments.
+'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+>empty
+
+test_expect_success 'ls-files in empty repository' '
+	git ls-files >actual &&
+	test_cmp empty actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ls-files with nonexistent path' '
+	git ls-files doesnotexist >actual &&
+	test_cmp empty actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ls-files with nonsense option' '
+	test_expect_code 129 git ls-files --nonsense 2>actual &&
+	grep "[Uu]sage: git ls-files" actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ls-files -h in corrupt repository' '
+	mkdir broken &&
+	(
+		cd broken &&
+		git init &&
+		>.git/index &&
+		test_expect_code 129 git ls-files -h >usage 2>&1
+	) &&
+	grep "[Uu]sage: git ls-files " broken/usage
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3030-merge-recursive.sh b/t/t3030-merge-recursive.sh
index e66e550..34794f8 100755
--- a/t/t3030-merge-recursive.sh
+++ b/t/t3030-merge-recursive.sh
@@ -25,6 +25,10 @@
 	git branch submod &&
 	git branch copy &&
 	git branch rename &&
+	if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
+	then
+		git branch rename-ln
+	fi &&
 
 	echo hello >>a &&
 	cp a d/e &&
@@ -255,7 +259,16 @@
 	git mv a e &&
 	git add e &&
 	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m "rename a->e"
+	git commit -m "rename a->e" &&
+	if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
+	then
+		git checkout rename-ln &&
+		git mv a e &&
+		ln -s e a &&
+		git add a e &&
+		test_tick &&
+		git commit -m "rename a->e, symlink a->e"
+	fi
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'setup 9' '
@@ -544,7 +557,7 @@
 		echo "100644 $o0 0	c"
 		echo "100644 $o1 0	d/e"
 	) >expected &&
-	test_cmp expected actual
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
 
 	git read-tree --prefix=z/ master &&
 	git ls-files -s >actual &&
@@ -615,4 +628,26 @@
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
+then
+	test_expect_success 'merge-recursive rename vs. rename/symlink' '
+
+		git checkout -f rename &&
+		git merge rename-ln &&
+		( git ls-tree -r HEAD ; git ls-files -s ) >actual &&
+		(
+			echo "100644 blob $o0	b"
+			echo "100644 blob $o0	c"
+			echo "100644 blob $o0	d/e"
+			echo "100644 blob $o0	e"
+			echo "100644 $o0 0	b"
+			echo "100644 $o0 0	c"
+			echo "100644 $o0 0	d/e"
+			echo "100644 $o0 0	e"
+		) >expected &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+fi
+
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3032-merge-recursive-options.sh b/t/t3032-merge-recursive-options.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..2293797
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3032-merge-recursive-options.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='merge-recursive options
+
+* [master] Clarify
+ ! [remote] Remove cruft
+--
+ + [remote] Remove cruft
+*  [master] Clarify
+*+ [remote^] Initial revision
+*   ok 1: setup
+'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	conflict_hunks () {
+		sed -n -e "
+			/^<<<</ b inconflict
+			b
+			: inconflict
+			p
+			/^>>>>/ b
+			n
+			b inconflict
+		" "$@"
+	} &&
+
+	cat <<-\EOF >text.txt &&
+	    Hope, he says, cherishes the soul of him who lives in
+	    justice and holiness and is the nurse of his age and the
+	    companion of his journey;--hope which is mightiest to sway
+	    the restless soul of man.
+
+	How admirable are his words!  And the great blessing of riches, I do
+	not say to every man, but to a good man, is, that he has had no
+	occasion to deceive or to defraud others, either intentionally or
+	unintentionally; and when he departs to the world below he is not in
+	any apprehension about offerings due to the gods or debts which he owes
+	to men.  Now to this peace of mind the possession of wealth greatly
+	contributes; and therefore I say, that, setting one thing against
+	another, of the many advantages which wealth has to give, to a man of
+	sense this is in my opinion the greatest.
+
+	Well said, Cephalus, I replied; but as concerning justice, what is
+	it?--to speak the truth and to pay your debts--no more than this?  And
+	even to this are there not exceptions?  Suppose that a friend when in
+	his right mind has deposited arms with me and he asks for them when he
+	is not in his right mind, ought I to give them back to him?  No one
+	would say that I ought or that I should be right in doing so, any more
+	than they would say that I ought always to speak the truth to one who
+	is in his condition.
+
+	You are quite right, he replied.
+
+	But then, I said, speaking the truth and paying your debts is not a
+	correct definition of justice.
+
+	CEPHALUS - SOCRATES - POLEMARCHUS
+
+	Quite correct, Socrates, if Simonides is to be believed, said
+	Polemarchus interposing.
+
+	I fear, said Cephalus, that I must go now, for I have to look after the
+	sacrifices, and I hand over the argument to Polemarchus and the company.
+	EOF
+	git add text.txt &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "Initial revision" &&
+
+	git checkout -b remote &&
+	sed -e "
+			s/\.  /\. /g
+			s/[?]  /? /g
+			s/    /	/g
+			s/--/---/g
+			s/but as concerning/but as con cerning/
+			/CEPHALUS - SOCRATES - POLEMARCHUS/ d
+		" text.txt >text.txt+ &&
+	mv text.txt+ text.txt &&
+	git commit -a -m "Remove cruft" &&
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	sed -e "
+			s/\(not in his right mind\),\(.*\)/\1;\2Q/
+			s/Quite correct\(.*\)/It is too correct\1Q/
+			s/unintentionally/un intentionally/
+			/un intentionally/ s/$/Q/
+			s/Polemarchus interposing./Polemarchus, interposing.Q/
+			/justice and holiness/ s/$/Q/
+			/pay your debts/ s/$/Q/
+		" text.txt | q_to_cr >text.txt+ &&
+	mv text.txt+ text.txt &&
+	git commit -a -m "Clarify" &&
+	git show-branch --all
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'naive merge fails' '
+	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
+	test_must_fail git merge-recursive HEAD^ -- HEAD remote &&
+	test_must_fail git update-index --refresh &&
+	grep "<<<<<<" text.txt
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--ignore-space-change makes merge succeed' '
+	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
+	git merge-recursive --ignore-space-change HEAD^ -- HEAD remote
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--ignore-space-change: our w/s-only change wins' '
+	q_to_cr <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	    justice and holiness and is the nurse of his age and theQ
+	EOF
+
+	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
+	git merge-recursive --ignore-space-change HEAD^ -- HEAD remote &&
+	grep "justice and holiness" text.txt >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--ignore-space-change: their real change wins over w/s' '
+	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	it?---to speak the truth and to pay your debts---no more than this? And
+	EOF
+
+	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
+	git merge-recursive --ignore-space-change HEAD^ -- HEAD remote &&
+	grep "pay your debts" text.txt >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--ignore-space-change: does not ignore new spaces' '
+	cat <<-\EOF >expected1 &&
+	Well said, Cephalus, I replied; but as con cerning justice, what is
+	EOF
+	q_to_cr <<-\EOF >expected2 &&
+	un intentionally; and when he departs to the world below he is not inQ
+	EOF
+
+	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
+	git merge-recursive --ignore-space-change HEAD^ -- HEAD remote &&
+	grep "Well said" text.txt >actual1 &&
+	grep "when he departs" text.txt >actual2 &&
+	test_cmp expected1 actual1 &&
+	test_cmp expected2 actual2
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--ignore-all-space drops their new spaces' '
+	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	Well said, Cephalus, I replied; but as concerning justice, what is
+	EOF
+
+	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
+	git merge-recursive --ignore-all-space HEAD^ -- HEAD remote &&
+	grep "Well said" text.txt >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--ignore-all-space keeps our new spaces' '
+	q_to_cr <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	un intentionally; and when he departs to the world below he is not inQ
+	EOF
+
+	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
+	git merge-recursive --ignore-all-space HEAD^ -- HEAD remote &&
+	grep "when he departs" text.txt >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--ignore-space-at-eol' '
+	q_to_cr <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	<<<<<<< HEAD
+	is not in his right mind; ought I to give them back to him?  No oneQ
+	=======
+	is not in his right mind, ought I to give them back to him? No one
+	>>>>>>> remote
+	EOF
+
+	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
+	test_must_fail git merge-recursive --ignore-space-at-eol \
+						 HEAD^ -- HEAD remote &&
+	conflict_hunks text.txt >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3050-subprojects-fetch.sh b/t/t3050-subprojects-fetch.sh
index 4261e96..2f5f41a 100755
--- a/t/t3050-subprojects-fetch.sh
+++ b/t/t3050-subprojects-fetch.sh
@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@
 		cd sub &&
 		git init &&
 		>subfile &&
-		git add subfile
+		git add subfile &&
 		git commit -m "subproject commit #1"
 	) &&
-	>mainfile
+	>mainfile &&
 	git add sub mainfile &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m "superproject commit #1"
diff --git a/t/t3200-branch.sh b/t/t3200-branch.sh
index f54a533..f308235 100755
--- a/t/t3200-branch.sh
+++ b/t/t3200-branch.sh
@@ -26,6 +26,17 @@
      ! test -f .git/refs/heads/--help
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'branch -h in broken repository' '
+	mkdir broken &&
+	(
+		cd broken &&
+		git init &&
+		>.git/refs/heads/master &&
+		test_expect_code 129 git branch -h >usage 2>&1
+	) &&
+	grep "[Uu]sage" broken/usage
+'
+
 test_expect_success \
     'git branch abc should create a branch' \
     'git branch abc && test -f .git/refs/heads/abc'
diff --git a/t/t3203-branch-output.sh b/t/t3203-branch-output.sh
index 809d1c4..6028748 100755
--- a/t/t3203-branch-output.sh
+++ b/t/t3203-branch-output.sh
@@ -12,13 +12,13 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'make branches' '
-	git branch branch-one
+	git branch branch-one &&
 	git branch branch-two HEAD^
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'make remote branches' '
-	git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/branch-one branch-one
-	git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/branch-two branch-two
+	git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/branch-one branch-one &&
+	git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/branch-two branch-two &&
 	git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD refs/remotes/origin/branch-one
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t3300-funny-names.sh b/t/t3300-funny-names.sh
index f39a261..5e29a05 100755
--- a/t/t3300-funny-names.sh
+++ b/t/t3300-funny-names.sh
@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@
 	test_cmp expected current'
 
 test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'setup expect' '
-t0=`git write-tree`
-echo "$t0" >t0
+t0=`git write-tree` &&
+echo "$t0" >t0 &&
 
 cat > expected <<\EOF
 just space
@@ -69,8 +69,8 @@
 	test_cmp expected current'
 
 test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'setup expect' '
-t1=`git write-tree`
-echo "$t1" >t1
+t1=`git write-tree` &&
+echo "$t1" >t1 &&
 
 cat > expected <<\EOF
 just space
diff --git a/t/t3301-notes.sh b/t/t3301-notes.sh
index a2b79a0..dc2e04a 100755
--- a/t/t3301-notes.sh
+++ b/t/t3301-notes.sh
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
 
 # 1 indicates caught gracefully by die, 128 means git-show barked
 test_expect_success 'handle empty notes gracefully' '
-	git notes show ; test 1 = $?
+	test_expect_code 1 git notes show
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'show non-existent notes entry with %N' '
@@ -627,16 +627,16 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'Allow notes on non-commits (trees, blobs, tags)' '
 	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/other &&
-	echo "Note on a tree" > expect
+	echo "Note on a tree" > expect &&
 	git notes add -m "Note on a tree" HEAD: &&
 	git notes show HEAD: > actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual &&
-	echo "Note on a blob" > expect
+	echo "Note on a blob" > expect &&
 	filename=$(git ls-tree --name-only HEAD | head -n1) &&
 	git notes add -m "Note on a blob" HEAD:$filename &&
 	git notes show HEAD:$filename > actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual &&
-	echo "Note on a tag" > expect
+	echo "Note on a tag" > expect &&
 	git tag -a -m "This is an annotated tag" foobar HEAD^ &&
 	git notes add -m "Note on a tag" foobar &&
 	git notes show foobar > actual &&
@@ -962,6 +962,7 @@
 
 Notes (other):
     a fresh note
+$whitespace
     another fresh note
 EOF
 
@@ -983,8 +984,11 @@
 
 Notes (other):
     a fresh note
+$whitespace
     another fresh note
+$whitespace
     append 1
+$whitespace
     append 2
 EOF
 
@@ -1061,4 +1065,23 @@
 	test_must_fail git notes copy one two three
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git notes get-ref (no overrides)' '
+	git config --unset core.notesRef &&
+	unset GIT_NOTES_REF &&
+	test "$(git notes get-ref)" = "refs/notes/commits"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git notes get-ref (core.notesRef)' '
+	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/foo &&
+	test "$(git notes get-ref)" = "refs/notes/foo"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git notes get-ref (GIT_NOTES_REF)' '
+	test "$(GIT_NOTES_REF=refs/notes/bar git notes get-ref)" = "refs/notes/bar"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git notes get-ref (--ref)' '
+	test "$(GIT_NOTES_REF=refs/notes/bar git notes --ref=baz get-ref)" = "refs/notes/baz"
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3303-notes-subtrees.sh b/t/t3303-notes-subtrees.sh
index 75ec187..704aee8 100755
--- a/t/t3303-notes-subtrees.sh
+++ b/t/t3303-notes-subtrees.sh
@@ -168,15 +168,16 @@
 }
 
 verify_concatenated_notes () {
-    git log | grep "^    " > output &&
-    i=$number_of_commits &&
-    while [ $i -gt 0 ]; do
-        echo "    commit #$i" &&
-        echo "    first note for commit #$i" &&
-        echo "    second note for commit #$i" &&
-        i=$(($i-1));
-    done > expect &&
-    test_cmp expect output
+	git log | grep "^    " > output &&
+	i=$number_of_commits &&
+	while [ $i -gt 0 ]; do
+		echo "    commit #$i" &&
+		echo "    first note for commit #$i" &&
+		echo "    " &&
+		echo "    second note for commit #$i" &&
+		i=$(($i-1));
+	done > expect &&
+	test_cmp expect output
 }
 
 test_expect_success 'test notes in no fanout concatenated with 2/38-fanout' 'test_concatenated_notes "s|^..|&/|" ""'
diff --git a/t/t3307-notes-man.sh b/t/t3307-notes-man.sh
index 3269f2e..2ea3be6 100755
--- a/t/t3307-notes-man.sh
+++ b/t/t3307-notes-man.sh
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'example 2: binary notes' '
-	cp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/test4012.png .
+	cp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/test4012.png . &&
 	git checkout B &&
 	blob=$(git hash-object -w test4012.png) &&
 	git notes --ref=logo add -C "$blob" &&
diff --git a/t/t3308-notes-merge.sh b/t/t3308-notes-merge.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..24d82b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3308-notes-merge.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,368 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2010 Johan Herland
+#
+
+test_description='Test merging of notes trees'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	test_commit 1st &&
+	test_commit 2nd &&
+	test_commit 3rd &&
+	test_commit 4th &&
+	test_commit 5th &&
+	# Create notes on 4 first commits
+	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/x &&
+	git notes add -m "Notes on 1st commit" 1st &&
+	git notes add -m "Notes on 2nd commit" 2nd &&
+	git notes add -m "Notes on 3rd commit" 3rd &&
+	git notes add -m "Notes on 4th commit" 4th
+'
+
+commit_sha1=$(git rev-parse 1st^{commit})
+commit_sha2=$(git rev-parse 2nd^{commit})
+commit_sha3=$(git rev-parse 3rd^{commit})
+commit_sha4=$(git rev-parse 4th^{commit})
+commit_sha5=$(git rev-parse 5th^{commit})
+
+verify_notes () {
+	notes_ref="$1"
+	git -c core.notesRef="refs/notes/$notes_ref" notes |
+		sort >"output_notes_$notes_ref" &&
+	test_cmp "expect_notes_$notes_ref" "output_notes_$notes_ref" &&
+	git -c core.notesRef="refs/notes/$notes_ref" log --format="%H %s%n%N" \
+		>"output_log_$notes_ref" &&
+	test_cmp "expect_log_$notes_ref" "output_log_$notes_ref"
+}
+
+cat <<EOF | sort >expect_notes_x
+5e93d24084d32e1cb61f7070505b9d2530cca987 $commit_sha4
+8366731eeee53787d2bdf8fc1eff7d94757e8da0 $commit_sha3
+eede89064cd42441590d6afec6c37b321ada3389 $commit_sha2
+daa55ffad6cb99bf64226532147ffcaf5ce8bdd1 $commit_sha1
+EOF
+
+cat >expect_log_x <<EOF
+$commit_sha5 5th
+
+$commit_sha4 4th
+Notes on 4th commit
+
+$commit_sha3 3rd
+Notes on 3rd commit
+
+$commit_sha2 2nd
+Notes on 2nd commit
+
+$commit_sha1 1st
+Notes on 1st commit
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'verify initial notes (x)' '
+	verify_notes x
+'
+
+cp expect_notes_x expect_notes_y
+cp expect_log_x expect_log_y
+
+test_expect_success 'fail to merge empty notes ref into empty notes ref (z => y)' '
+	test_must_fail git -c "core.notesRef=refs/notes/y" notes merge z
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fail to merge into various non-notes refs' '
+	test_must_fail git -c "core.notesRef=refs/notes" notes merge x &&
+	test_must_fail git -c "core.notesRef=refs/notes/" notes merge x &&
+	mkdir -p .git/refs/notes/dir &&
+	test_must_fail git -c "core.notesRef=refs/notes/dir" notes merge x &&
+	test_must_fail git -c "core.notesRef=refs/notes/dir/" notes merge x &&
+	test_must_fail git -c "core.notesRef=refs/heads/master" notes merge x &&
+	test_must_fail git -c "core.notesRef=refs/notes/y:" notes merge x &&
+	test_must_fail git -c "core.notesRef=refs/notes/y:foo" notes merge x &&
+	test_must_fail git -c "core.notesRef=refs/notes/foo^{bar" notes merge x
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fail to merge various non-note-trees' '
+	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/y &&
+	test_must_fail git notes merge refs/notes &&
+	test_must_fail git notes merge refs/notes/ &&
+	test_must_fail git notes merge refs/notes/dir &&
+	test_must_fail git notes merge refs/notes/dir/ &&
+	test_must_fail git notes merge refs/heads/master &&
+	test_must_fail git notes merge x: &&
+	test_must_fail git notes merge x:foo &&
+	test_must_fail git notes merge foo^{bar
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge notes into empty notes ref (x => y)' '
+	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/y &&
+	git notes merge x &&
+	verify_notes y &&
+	# x and y should point to the same notes commit
+	test "$(git rev-parse refs/notes/x)" = "$(git rev-parse refs/notes/y)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge empty notes ref (z => y)' '
+	git notes merge z &&
+	# y should not change (still == x)
+	test "$(git rev-parse refs/notes/x)" = "$(git rev-parse refs/notes/y)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'change notes on other notes ref (y)' '
+	# Not touching notes to 1st commit
+	git notes remove 2nd &&
+	git notes append -m "More notes on 3rd commit" 3rd &&
+	git notes add -f -m "New notes on 4th commit" 4th &&
+	git notes add -m "Notes on 5th commit" 5th
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge previous notes commit (y^ => y) => No-op' '
+	pre_state="$(git rev-parse refs/notes/y)" &&
+	git notes merge y^ &&
+	# y should not move
+	test "$pre_state" = "$(git rev-parse refs/notes/y)"
+'
+
+cat <<EOF | sort >expect_notes_y
+0f2efbd00262f2fd41dfae33df8765618eeacd99 $commit_sha5
+dec2502dac3ea161543f71930044deff93fa945c $commit_sha4
+4069cdb399fd45463ec6eef8e051a16a03592d91 $commit_sha3
+daa55ffad6cb99bf64226532147ffcaf5ce8bdd1 $commit_sha1
+EOF
+
+cat >expect_log_y <<EOF
+$commit_sha5 5th
+Notes on 5th commit
+
+$commit_sha4 4th
+New notes on 4th commit
+
+$commit_sha3 3rd
+Notes on 3rd commit
+
+More notes on 3rd commit
+
+$commit_sha2 2nd
+
+$commit_sha1 1st
+Notes on 1st commit
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'verify changed notes on other notes ref (y)' '
+	verify_notes y
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'verify unchanged notes on original notes ref (x)' '
+	verify_notes x
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge original notes (x) into changed notes (y) => No-op' '
+	git notes merge -vvv x &&
+	verify_notes y &&
+	verify_notes x
+'
+
+cp expect_notes_y expect_notes_x
+cp expect_log_y expect_log_x
+
+test_expect_success 'merge changed (y) into original (x) => Fast-forward' '
+	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/x &&
+	git notes merge y &&
+	verify_notes x &&
+	verify_notes y &&
+	# x and y should point to same the notes commit
+	test "$(git rev-parse refs/notes/x)" = "$(git rev-parse refs/notes/y)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge empty notes ref (z => y)' '
+	# Prepare empty (but valid) notes ref (z)
+	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/z &&
+	git notes add -m "foo" &&
+	git notes remove &&
+	git notes >output_notes_z &&
+	test_cmp /dev/null output_notes_z &&
+	# Do the merge (z => y)
+	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/y &&
+	git notes merge z &&
+	verify_notes y &&
+	# y should no longer point to the same notes commit as x
+	test "$(git rev-parse refs/notes/x)" != "$(git rev-parse refs/notes/y)"
+'
+
+cat <<EOF | sort >expect_notes_y
+0f2efbd00262f2fd41dfae33df8765618eeacd99 $commit_sha5
+dec2502dac3ea161543f71930044deff93fa945c $commit_sha4
+4069cdb399fd45463ec6eef8e051a16a03592d91 $commit_sha3
+d000d30e6ddcfce3a8122c403226a2ce2fd04d9d $commit_sha2
+43add6bd0c8c0bc871ac7991e0f5573cfba27804 $commit_sha1
+EOF
+
+cat >expect_log_y <<EOF
+$commit_sha5 5th
+Notes on 5th commit
+
+$commit_sha4 4th
+New notes on 4th commit
+
+$commit_sha3 3rd
+Notes on 3rd commit
+
+More notes on 3rd commit
+
+$commit_sha2 2nd
+New notes on 2nd commit
+
+$commit_sha1 1st
+Notes on 1st commit
+
+More notes on 1st commit
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'change notes on other notes ref (y)' '
+	# Append to 1st commit notes
+	git notes append -m "More notes on 1st commit" 1st &&
+	# Add new notes to 2nd commit
+	git notes add -m "New notes on 2nd commit" 2nd &&
+	verify_notes y
+'
+
+cat <<EOF | sort >expect_notes_x
+0f2efbd00262f2fd41dfae33df8765618eeacd99 $commit_sha5
+1f257a3a90328557c452f0817d6cc50c89d315d4 $commit_sha4
+daa55ffad6cb99bf64226532147ffcaf5ce8bdd1 $commit_sha1
+EOF
+
+cat >expect_log_x <<EOF
+$commit_sha5 5th
+Notes on 5th commit
+
+$commit_sha4 4th
+New notes on 4th commit
+
+More notes on 4th commit
+
+$commit_sha3 3rd
+
+$commit_sha2 2nd
+
+$commit_sha1 1st
+Notes on 1st commit
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'change notes on notes ref (x)' '
+	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/x &&
+	git notes remove 3rd &&
+	git notes append -m "More notes on 4th commit" 4th &&
+	verify_notes x
+'
+
+cat <<EOF | sort >expect_notes_x
+0f2efbd00262f2fd41dfae33df8765618eeacd99 $commit_sha5
+1f257a3a90328557c452f0817d6cc50c89d315d4 $commit_sha4
+d000d30e6ddcfce3a8122c403226a2ce2fd04d9d $commit_sha2
+43add6bd0c8c0bc871ac7991e0f5573cfba27804 $commit_sha1
+EOF
+
+cat >expect_log_x <<EOF
+$commit_sha5 5th
+Notes on 5th commit
+
+$commit_sha4 4th
+New notes on 4th commit
+
+More notes on 4th commit
+
+$commit_sha3 3rd
+
+$commit_sha2 2nd
+New notes on 2nd commit
+
+$commit_sha1 1st
+Notes on 1st commit
+
+More notes on 1st commit
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'merge y into x => Non-conflicting 3-way merge' '
+	git notes merge y &&
+	verify_notes x &&
+	verify_notes y
+'
+
+cat <<EOF | sort >expect_notes_w
+05a4927951bcef347f51486575b878b2b60137f2 $commit_sha3
+d000d30e6ddcfce3a8122c403226a2ce2fd04d9d $commit_sha2
+EOF
+
+cat >expect_log_w <<EOF
+$commit_sha5 5th
+
+$commit_sha4 4th
+
+$commit_sha3 3rd
+New notes on 3rd commit
+
+$commit_sha2 2nd
+New notes on 2nd commit
+
+$commit_sha1 1st
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'create notes on new, separate notes ref (w)' '
+	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/w &&
+	# Add same note as refs/notes/y on 2nd commit
+	git notes add -m "New notes on 2nd commit" 2nd &&
+	# Add new note on 3rd commit (non-conflicting)
+	git notes add -m "New notes on 3rd commit" 3rd &&
+	# Verify state of notes on new, separate notes ref (w)
+	verify_notes w
+'
+
+cat <<EOF | sort >expect_notes_x
+0f2efbd00262f2fd41dfae33df8765618eeacd99 $commit_sha5
+1f257a3a90328557c452f0817d6cc50c89d315d4 $commit_sha4
+05a4927951bcef347f51486575b878b2b60137f2 $commit_sha3
+d000d30e6ddcfce3a8122c403226a2ce2fd04d9d $commit_sha2
+43add6bd0c8c0bc871ac7991e0f5573cfba27804 $commit_sha1
+EOF
+
+cat >expect_log_x <<EOF
+$commit_sha5 5th
+Notes on 5th commit
+
+$commit_sha4 4th
+New notes on 4th commit
+
+More notes on 4th commit
+
+$commit_sha3 3rd
+New notes on 3rd commit
+
+$commit_sha2 2nd
+New notes on 2nd commit
+
+$commit_sha1 1st
+Notes on 1st commit
+
+More notes on 1st commit
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'merge w into x => Non-conflicting history-less merge' '
+	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/x &&
+	git notes merge w &&
+	# Verify new state of notes on other notes ref (x)
+	verify_notes x &&
+	# Also verify that nothing changed on other notes refs (y and w)
+	verify_notes y &&
+	verify_notes w
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3309-notes-merge-auto-resolve.sh b/t/t3309-notes-merge-auto-resolve.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..461fd84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3309-notes-merge-auto-resolve.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,647 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2010 Johan Herland
+#
+
+test_description='Test notes merging with auto-resolving strategies'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# Set up a notes merge scenario with all kinds of potential conflicts
+test_expect_success 'setup commits' '
+	test_commit 1st &&
+	test_commit 2nd &&
+	test_commit 3rd &&
+	test_commit 4th &&
+	test_commit 5th &&
+	test_commit 6th &&
+	test_commit 7th &&
+	test_commit 8th &&
+	test_commit 9th &&
+	test_commit 10th &&
+	test_commit 11th &&
+	test_commit 12th &&
+	test_commit 13th &&
+	test_commit 14th &&
+	test_commit 15th
+'
+
+commit_sha1=$(git rev-parse 1st^{commit})
+commit_sha2=$(git rev-parse 2nd^{commit})
+commit_sha3=$(git rev-parse 3rd^{commit})
+commit_sha4=$(git rev-parse 4th^{commit})
+commit_sha5=$(git rev-parse 5th^{commit})
+commit_sha6=$(git rev-parse 6th^{commit})
+commit_sha7=$(git rev-parse 7th^{commit})
+commit_sha8=$(git rev-parse 8th^{commit})
+commit_sha9=$(git rev-parse 9th^{commit})
+commit_sha10=$(git rev-parse 10th^{commit})
+commit_sha11=$(git rev-parse 11th^{commit})
+commit_sha12=$(git rev-parse 12th^{commit})
+commit_sha13=$(git rev-parse 13th^{commit})
+commit_sha14=$(git rev-parse 14th^{commit})
+commit_sha15=$(git rev-parse 15th^{commit})
+
+verify_notes () {
+	notes_ref="$1"
+	suffix="$2"
+	git -c core.notesRef="refs/notes/$notes_ref" notes |
+		sort >"output_notes_$suffix" &&
+	test_cmp "expect_notes_$suffix" "output_notes_$suffix" &&
+	git -c core.notesRef="refs/notes/$notes_ref" log --format="%H %s%n%N" \
+		>"output_log_$suffix" &&
+	test_cmp "expect_log_$suffix" "output_log_$suffix"
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup merge base (x)' '
+	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/x &&
+	git notes add -m "x notes on 6th commit" 6th &&
+	git notes add -m "x notes on 7th commit" 7th &&
+	git notes add -m "x notes on 8th commit" 8th &&
+	git notes add -m "x notes on 9th commit" 9th &&
+	git notes add -m "x notes on 10th commit" 10th &&
+	git notes add -m "x notes on 11th commit" 11th &&
+	git notes add -m "x notes on 12th commit" 12th &&
+	git notes add -m "x notes on 13th commit" 13th &&
+	git notes add -m "x notes on 14th commit" 14th &&
+	git notes add -m "x notes on 15th commit" 15th
+'
+
+cat <<EOF | sort >expect_notes_x
+457a85d6c814ea208550f15fcc48f804ac8dc023 $commit_sha15
+b0c95b954301d69da2bc3723f4cb1680d355937c $commit_sha14
+5d30216a129eeffa97d9694ffe8c74317a560315 $commit_sha13
+dd161bc149470fd890dd4ab52a4cbd79bbd18c36 $commit_sha12
+7abbc45126d680336fb24294f013a7cdfa3ed545 $commit_sha11
+b8d03e173f67f6505a76f6e00cf93440200dd9be $commit_sha10
+20c613c835011c48a5abe29170a2402ca6354910 $commit_sha9
+a3daf8a1e4e5dc3409a303ad8481d57bfea7f5d6 $commit_sha8
+897003322b53bc6ca098e9324ee508362347e734 $commit_sha7
+11d97fdebfa5ceee540a3da07bce6fa0222bc082 $commit_sha6
+EOF
+
+cat >expect_log_x <<EOF
+$commit_sha15 15th
+x notes on 15th commit
+
+$commit_sha14 14th
+x notes on 14th commit
+
+$commit_sha13 13th
+x notes on 13th commit
+
+$commit_sha12 12th
+x notes on 12th commit
+
+$commit_sha11 11th
+x notes on 11th commit
+
+$commit_sha10 10th
+x notes on 10th commit
+
+$commit_sha9 9th
+x notes on 9th commit
+
+$commit_sha8 8th
+x notes on 8th commit
+
+$commit_sha7 7th
+x notes on 7th commit
+
+$commit_sha6 6th
+x notes on 6th commit
+
+$commit_sha5 5th
+
+$commit_sha4 4th
+
+$commit_sha3 3rd
+
+$commit_sha2 2nd
+
+$commit_sha1 1st
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'verify state of merge base (x)' 'verify_notes x x'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup local branch (y)' '
+	git update-ref refs/notes/y refs/notes/x &&
+	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/y &&
+	git notes add -f -m "y notes on 3rd commit" 3rd &&
+	git notes add -f -m "y notes on 4th commit" 4th &&
+	git notes add -f -m "y notes on 5th commit" 5th &&
+	git notes remove 6th &&
+	git notes remove 7th &&
+	git notes remove 8th &&
+	git notes add -f -m "y notes on 12th commit" 12th &&
+	git notes add -f -m "y notes on 13th commit" 13th &&
+	git notes add -f -m "y notes on 14th commit" 14th &&
+	git notes add -f -m "y notes on 15th commit" 15th
+'
+
+cat <<EOF | sort >expect_notes_y
+68b8630d25516028bed862719855b3d6768d7833 $commit_sha15
+5de7ea7ad4f47e7ff91989fb82234634730f75df $commit_sha14
+3a631fdb6f41b05b55d8f4baf20728ba8f6fccbc $commit_sha13
+a66055fa82f7a03fe0c02a6aba3287a85abf7c62 $commit_sha12
+7abbc45126d680336fb24294f013a7cdfa3ed545 $commit_sha11
+b8d03e173f67f6505a76f6e00cf93440200dd9be $commit_sha10
+20c613c835011c48a5abe29170a2402ca6354910 $commit_sha9
+154508c7a0bcad82b6fe4b472bc4c26b3bf0825b $commit_sha5
+e2bfd06a37dd2031684a59a6e2b033e212239c78 $commit_sha4
+5772f42408c0dd6f097a7ca2d24de0e78d1c46b1 $commit_sha3
+EOF
+
+cat >expect_log_y <<EOF
+$commit_sha15 15th
+y notes on 15th commit
+
+$commit_sha14 14th
+y notes on 14th commit
+
+$commit_sha13 13th
+y notes on 13th commit
+
+$commit_sha12 12th
+y notes on 12th commit
+
+$commit_sha11 11th
+x notes on 11th commit
+
+$commit_sha10 10th
+x notes on 10th commit
+
+$commit_sha9 9th
+x notes on 9th commit
+
+$commit_sha8 8th
+
+$commit_sha7 7th
+
+$commit_sha6 6th
+
+$commit_sha5 5th
+y notes on 5th commit
+
+$commit_sha4 4th
+y notes on 4th commit
+
+$commit_sha3 3rd
+y notes on 3rd commit
+
+$commit_sha2 2nd
+
+$commit_sha1 1st
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'verify state of local branch (y)' 'verify_notes y y'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup remote branch (z)' '
+	git update-ref refs/notes/z refs/notes/x &&
+	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/z &&
+	git notes add -f -m "z notes on 2nd commit" 2nd &&
+	git notes add -f -m "y notes on 4th commit" 4th &&
+	git notes add -f -m "z notes on 5th commit" 5th &&
+	git notes remove 6th &&
+	git notes add -f -m "z notes on 8th commit" 8th &&
+	git notes remove 9th &&
+	git notes add -f -m "z notes on 11th commit" 11th &&
+	git notes remove 12th &&
+	git notes add -f -m "y notes on 14th commit" 14th &&
+	git notes add -f -m "z notes on 15th commit" 15th
+'
+
+cat <<EOF | sort >expect_notes_z
+9b4b2c61f0615412da3c10f98ff85b57c04ec765 $commit_sha15
+5de7ea7ad4f47e7ff91989fb82234634730f75df $commit_sha14
+5d30216a129eeffa97d9694ffe8c74317a560315 $commit_sha13
+7e3c53503a3db8dd996cb62e37c66e070b44b54d $commit_sha11
+b8d03e173f67f6505a76f6e00cf93440200dd9be $commit_sha10
+851e1638784a884c7dd26c5d41f3340f6387413a $commit_sha8
+897003322b53bc6ca098e9324ee508362347e734 $commit_sha7
+99fc34adfc400b95c67b013115e37e31aa9a6d23 $commit_sha5
+e2bfd06a37dd2031684a59a6e2b033e212239c78 $commit_sha4
+283b48219aee9a4105f6cab337e789065c82c2b9 $commit_sha2
+EOF
+
+cat >expect_log_z <<EOF
+$commit_sha15 15th
+z notes on 15th commit
+
+$commit_sha14 14th
+y notes on 14th commit
+
+$commit_sha13 13th
+x notes on 13th commit
+
+$commit_sha12 12th
+
+$commit_sha11 11th
+z notes on 11th commit
+
+$commit_sha10 10th
+x notes on 10th commit
+
+$commit_sha9 9th
+
+$commit_sha8 8th
+z notes on 8th commit
+
+$commit_sha7 7th
+x notes on 7th commit
+
+$commit_sha6 6th
+
+$commit_sha5 5th
+z notes on 5th commit
+
+$commit_sha4 4th
+y notes on 4th commit
+
+$commit_sha3 3rd
+
+$commit_sha2 2nd
+z notes on 2nd commit
+
+$commit_sha1 1st
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'verify state of remote branch (z)' 'verify_notes z z'
+
+# At this point, before merging z into y, we have the following status:
+#
+# commit | base/x  | local/y | remote/z | diff from x to y/z         | result
+# -------|---------|---------|----------|----------------------------|-------
+# 1st    | [none]  | [none]  | [none]   | unchanged / unchanged      | [none]
+# 2nd    | [none]  | [none]  | 283b482  | unchanged / added          | 283b482
+# 3rd    | [none]  | 5772f42 | [none]   | added     / unchanged      | 5772f42
+# 4th    | [none]  | e2bfd06 | e2bfd06  | added     / added (same)   | e2bfd06
+# 5th    | [none]  | 154508c | 99fc34a  | added     / added (diff)   | ???
+# 6th    | 11d97fd | [none]  | [none]   | removed   / removed        | [none]
+# 7th    | 8970033 | [none]  | 8970033  | removed   / unchanged      | [none]
+# 8th    | a3daf8a | [none]  | 851e163  | removed   / changed        | ???
+# 9th    | 20c613c | 20c613c | [none]   | unchanged / removed        | [none]
+# 10th   | b8d03e1 | b8d03e1 | b8d03e1  | unchanged / unchanged      | b8d03e1
+# 11th   | 7abbc45 | 7abbc45 | 7e3c535  | unchanged / changed        | 7e3c535
+# 12th   | dd161bc | a66055f | [none]   | changed   / removed        | ???
+# 13th   | 5d30216 | 3a631fd | 5d30216  | changed   / unchanged      | 3a631fd
+# 14th   | b0c95b9 | 5de7ea7 | 5de7ea7  | changed   / changed (same) | 5de7ea7
+# 15th   | 457a85d | 68b8630 | 9b4b2c6  | changed   / changed (diff) | ???
+
+test_expect_success 'merge z into y with invalid strategy => Fail/No changes' '
+	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/y &&
+	test_must_fail git notes merge --strategy=foo z &&
+	# Verify no changes (y)
+	verify_notes y y
+'
+
+cat <<EOF | sort >expect_notes_ours
+68b8630d25516028bed862719855b3d6768d7833 $commit_sha15
+5de7ea7ad4f47e7ff91989fb82234634730f75df $commit_sha14
+3a631fdb6f41b05b55d8f4baf20728ba8f6fccbc $commit_sha13
+a66055fa82f7a03fe0c02a6aba3287a85abf7c62 $commit_sha12
+7e3c53503a3db8dd996cb62e37c66e070b44b54d $commit_sha11
+b8d03e173f67f6505a76f6e00cf93440200dd9be $commit_sha10
+154508c7a0bcad82b6fe4b472bc4c26b3bf0825b $commit_sha5
+e2bfd06a37dd2031684a59a6e2b033e212239c78 $commit_sha4
+5772f42408c0dd6f097a7ca2d24de0e78d1c46b1 $commit_sha3
+283b48219aee9a4105f6cab337e789065c82c2b9 $commit_sha2
+EOF
+
+cat >expect_log_ours <<EOF
+$commit_sha15 15th
+y notes on 15th commit
+
+$commit_sha14 14th
+y notes on 14th commit
+
+$commit_sha13 13th
+y notes on 13th commit
+
+$commit_sha12 12th
+y notes on 12th commit
+
+$commit_sha11 11th
+z notes on 11th commit
+
+$commit_sha10 10th
+x notes on 10th commit
+
+$commit_sha9 9th
+
+$commit_sha8 8th
+
+$commit_sha7 7th
+
+$commit_sha6 6th
+
+$commit_sha5 5th
+y notes on 5th commit
+
+$commit_sha4 4th
+y notes on 4th commit
+
+$commit_sha3 3rd
+y notes on 3rd commit
+
+$commit_sha2 2nd
+z notes on 2nd commit
+
+$commit_sha1 1st
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'merge z into y with "ours" strategy => Non-conflicting 3-way merge' '
+	git notes merge --strategy=ours z &&
+	verify_notes y ours
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset to pre-merge state (y)' '
+	git update-ref refs/notes/y refs/notes/y^1 &&
+	# Verify pre-merge state
+	verify_notes y y
+'
+
+cat <<EOF | sort >expect_notes_theirs
+9b4b2c61f0615412da3c10f98ff85b57c04ec765 $commit_sha15
+5de7ea7ad4f47e7ff91989fb82234634730f75df $commit_sha14
+3a631fdb6f41b05b55d8f4baf20728ba8f6fccbc $commit_sha13
+7e3c53503a3db8dd996cb62e37c66e070b44b54d $commit_sha11
+b8d03e173f67f6505a76f6e00cf93440200dd9be $commit_sha10
+851e1638784a884c7dd26c5d41f3340f6387413a $commit_sha8
+99fc34adfc400b95c67b013115e37e31aa9a6d23 $commit_sha5
+e2bfd06a37dd2031684a59a6e2b033e212239c78 $commit_sha4
+5772f42408c0dd6f097a7ca2d24de0e78d1c46b1 $commit_sha3
+283b48219aee9a4105f6cab337e789065c82c2b9 $commit_sha2
+EOF
+
+cat >expect_log_theirs <<EOF
+$commit_sha15 15th
+z notes on 15th commit
+
+$commit_sha14 14th
+y notes on 14th commit
+
+$commit_sha13 13th
+y notes on 13th commit
+
+$commit_sha12 12th
+
+$commit_sha11 11th
+z notes on 11th commit
+
+$commit_sha10 10th
+x notes on 10th commit
+
+$commit_sha9 9th
+
+$commit_sha8 8th
+z notes on 8th commit
+
+$commit_sha7 7th
+
+$commit_sha6 6th
+
+$commit_sha5 5th
+z notes on 5th commit
+
+$commit_sha4 4th
+y notes on 4th commit
+
+$commit_sha3 3rd
+y notes on 3rd commit
+
+$commit_sha2 2nd
+z notes on 2nd commit
+
+$commit_sha1 1st
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'merge z into y with "theirs" strategy => Non-conflicting 3-way merge' '
+	git notes merge --strategy=theirs z &&
+	verify_notes y theirs
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset to pre-merge state (y)' '
+	git update-ref refs/notes/y refs/notes/y^1 &&
+	# Verify pre-merge state
+	verify_notes y y
+'
+
+cat <<EOF | sort >expect_notes_union
+7c4e546efd0fe939f876beb262ece02797880b54 $commit_sha15
+5de7ea7ad4f47e7ff91989fb82234634730f75df $commit_sha14
+3a631fdb6f41b05b55d8f4baf20728ba8f6fccbc $commit_sha13
+a66055fa82f7a03fe0c02a6aba3287a85abf7c62 $commit_sha12
+7e3c53503a3db8dd996cb62e37c66e070b44b54d $commit_sha11
+b8d03e173f67f6505a76f6e00cf93440200dd9be $commit_sha10
+851e1638784a884c7dd26c5d41f3340f6387413a $commit_sha8
+6c841cc36ea496027290967ca96bd2bef54dbb47 $commit_sha5
+e2bfd06a37dd2031684a59a6e2b033e212239c78 $commit_sha4
+5772f42408c0dd6f097a7ca2d24de0e78d1c46b1 $commit_sha3
+283b48219aee9a4105f6cab337e789065c82c2b9 $commit_sha2
+EOF
+
+cat >expect_log_union <<EOF
+$commit_sha15 15th
+y notes on 15th commit
+
+z notes on 15th commit
+
+$commit_sha14 14th
+y notes on 14th commit
+
+$commit_sha13 13th
+y notes on 13th commit
+
+$commit_sha12 12th
+y notes on 12th commit
+
+$commit_sha11 11th
+z notes on 11th commit
+
+$commit_sha10 10th
+x notes on 10th commit
+
+$commit_sha9 9th
+
+$commit_sha8 8th
+z notes on 8th commit
+
+$commit_sha7 7th
+
+$commit_sha6 6th
+
+$commit_sha5 5th
+y notes on 5th commit
+
+z notes on 5th commit
+
+$commit_sha4 4th
+y notes on 4th commit
+
+$commit_sha3 3rd
+y notes on 3rd commit
+
+$commit_sha2 2nd
+z notes on 2nd commit
+
+$commit_sha1 1st
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'merge z into y with "union" strategy => Non-conflicting 3-way merge' '
+	git notes merge --strategy=union z &&
+	verify_notes y union
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset to pre-merge state (y)' '
+	git update-ref refs/notes/y refs/notes/y^1 &&
+	# Verify pre-merge state
+	verify_notes y y
+'
+
+cat <<EOF | sort >expect_notes_union2
+d682107b8bf7a7aea1e537a8d5cb6a12b60135f1 $commit_sha15
+5de7ea7ad4f47e7ff91989fb82234634730f75df $commit_sha14
+3a631fdb6f41b05b55d8f4baf20728ba8f6fccbc $commit_sha13
+a66055fa82f7a03fe0c02a6aba3287a85abf7c62 $commit_sha12
+7e3c53503a3db8dd996cb62e37c66e070b44b54d $commit_sha11
+b8d03e173f67f6505a76f6e00cf93440200dd9be $commit_sha10
+851e1638784a884c7dd26c5d41f3340f6387413a $commit_sha8
+357b6ca14c7afd59b7f8b8aaaa6b8b723771135b $commit_sha5
+e2bfd06a37dd2031684a59a6e2b033e212239c78 $commit_sha4
+5772f42408c0dd6f097a7ca2d24de0e78d1c46b1 $commit_sha3
+283b48219aee9a4105f6cab337e789065c82c2b9 $commit_sha2
+EOF
+
+cat >expect_log_union2 <<EOF
+$commit_sha15 15th
+z notes on 15th commit
+
+y notes on 15th commit
+
+$commit_sha14 14th
+y notes on 14th commit
+
+$commit_sha13 13th
+y notes on 13th commit
+
+$commit_sha12 12th
+y notes on 12th commit
+
+$commit_sha11 11th
+z notes on 11th commit
+
+$commit_sha10 10th
+x notes on 10th commit
+
+$commit_sha9 9th
+
+$commit_sha8 8th
+z notes on 8th commit
+
+$commit_sha7 7th
+
+$commit_sha6 6th
+
+$commit_sha5 5th
+z notes on 5th commit
+
+y notes on 5th commit
+
+$commit_sha4 4th
+y notes on 4th commit
+
+$commit_sha3 3rd
+y notes on 3rd commit
+
+$commit_sha2 2nd
+z notes on 2nd commit
+
+$commit_sha1 1st
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'merge y into z with "union" strategy => Non-conflicting 3-way merge' '
+	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/z &&
+	git notes merge --strategy=union y &&
+	verify_notes z union2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset to pre-merge state (z)' '
+	git update-ref refs/notes/z refs/notes/z^1 &&
+	# Verify pre-merge state
+	verify_notes z z
+'
+
+cat <<EOF | sort >expect_notes_cat_sort_uniq
+6be90240b5f54594203e25d9f2f64b7567175aee $commit_sha15
+5de7ea7ad4f47e7ff91989fb82234634730f75df $commit_sha14
+3a631fdb6f41b05b55d8f4baf20728ba8f6fccbc $commit_sha13
+a66055fa82f7a03fe0c02a6aba3287a85abf7c62 $commit_sha12
+7e3c53503a3db8dd996cb62e37c66e070b44b54d $commit_sha11
+b8d03e173f67f6505a76f6e00cf93440200dd9be $commit_sha10
+851e1638784a884c7dd26c5d41f3340f6387413a $commit_sha8
+660311d7f78dc53db12ac373a43fca7465381a7e $commit_sha5
+e2bfd06a37dd2031684a59a6e2b033e212239c78 $commit_sha4
+5772f42408c0dd6f097a7ca2d24de0e78d1c46b1 $commit_sha3
+283b48219aee9a4105f6cab337e789065c82c2b9 $commit_sha2
+EOF
+
+cat >expect_log_cat_sort_uniq <<EOF
+$commit_sha15 15th
+y notes on 15th commit
+z notes on 15th commit
+
+$commit_sha14 14th
+y notes on 14th commit
+
+$commit_sha13 13th
+y notes on 13th commit
+
+$commit_sha12 12th
+y notes on 12th commit
+
+$commit_sha11 11th
+z notes on 11th commit
+
+$commit_sha10 10th
+x notes on 10th commit
+
+$commit_sha9 9th
+
+$commit_sha8 8th
+z notes on 8th commit
+
+$commit_sha7 7th
+
+$commit_sha6 6th
+
+$commit_sha5 5th
+y notes on 5th commit
+z notes on 5th commit
+
+$commit_sha4 4th
+y notes on 4th commit
+
+$commit_sha3 3rd
+y notes on 3rd commit
+
+$commit_sha2 2nd
+z notes on 2nd commit
+
+$commit_sha1 1st
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'merge y into z with "cat_sort_uniq" strategy => Non-conflicting 3-way merge' '
+	git notes merge --strategy=cat_sort_uniq y &&
+	verify_notes z cat_sort_uniq
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3310-notes-merge-manual-resolve.sh b/t/t3310-notes-merge-manual-resolve.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4ec4d11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3310-notes-merge-manual-resolve.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,556 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2010 Johan Herland
+#
+
+test_description='Test notes merging with manual conflict resolution'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# Set up a notes merge scenario with different kinds of conflicts
+test_expect_success 'setup commits' '
+	test_commit 1st &&
+	test_commit 2nd &&
+	test_commit 3rd &&
+	test_commit 4th &&
+	test_commit 5th
+'
+
+commit_sha1=$(git rev-parse 1st^{commit})
+commit_sha2=$(git rev-parse 2nd^{commit})
+commit_sha3=$(git rev-parse 3rd^{commit})
+commit_sha4=$(git rev-parse 4th^{commit})
+commit_sha5=$(git rev-parse 5th^{commit})
+
+verify_notes () {
+	notes_ref="$1"
+	git -c core.notesRef="refs/notes/$notes_ref" notes |
+		sort >"output_notes_$notes_ref" &&
+	test_cmp "expect_notes_$notes_ref" "output_notes_$notes_ref" &&
+	git -c core.notesRef="refs/notes/$notes_ref" log --format="%H %s%n%N" \
+		>"output_log_$notes_ref" &&
+	test_cmp "expect_log_$notes_ref" "output_log_$notes_ref"
+}
+
+cat <<EOF | sort >expect_notes_x
+6e8e3febca3c2bb896704335cc4d0c34cb2f8715 $commit_sha4
+e5388c10860456ee60673025345fe2e153eb8cf8 $commit_sha3
+ceefa674873670e7ecd131814d909723cce2b669 $commit_sha2
+EOF
+
+cat >expect_log_x <<EOF
+$commit_sha5 5th
+
+$commit_sha4 4th
+x notes on 4th commit
+
+$commit_sha3 3rd
+x notes on 3rd commit
+
+$commit_sha2 2nd
+x notes on 2nd commit
+
+$commit_sha1 1st
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'setup merge base (x)' '
+	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/x &&
+	git notes add -m "x notes on 2nd commit" 2nd &&
+	git notes add -m "x notes on 3rd commit" 3rd &&
+	git notes add -m "x notes on 4th commit" 4th &&
+	verify_notes x
+'
+
+cat <<EOF | sort >expect_notes_y
+e2bfd06a37dd2031684a59a6e2b033e212239c78 $commit_sha4
+5772f42408c0dd6f097a7ca2d24de0e78d1c46b1 $commit_sha3
+b0a6021ec006d07e80e9b20ec9b444cbd9d560d3 $commit_sha1
+EOF
+
+cat >expect_log_y <<EOF
+$commit_sha5 5th
+
+$commit_sha4 4th
+y notes on 4th commit
+
+$commit_sha3 3rd
+y notes on 3rd commit
+
+$commit_sha2 2nd
+
+$commit_sha1 1st
+y notes on 1st commit
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'setup local branch (y)' '
+	git update-ref refs/notes/y refs/notes/x &&
+	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/y &&
+	git notes add -f -m "y notes on 1st commit" 1st &&
+	git notes remove 2nd &&
+	git notes add -f -m "y notes on 3rd commit" 3rd &&
+	git notes add -f -m "y notes on 4th commit" 4th &&
+	verify_notes y
+'
+
+cat <<EOF | sort >expect_notes_z
+cff59c793c20bb49a4e01bc06fb06bad642e0d54 $commit_sha4
+283b48219aee9a4105f6cab337e789065c82c2b9 $commit_sha2
+0a81da8956346e19bcb27a906f04af327e03e31b $commit_sha1
+EOF
+
+cat >expect_log_z <<EOF
+$commit_sha5 5th
+
+$commit_sha4 4th
+z notes on 4th commit
+
+$commit_sha3 3rd
+
+$commit_sha2 2nd
+z notes on 2nd commit
+
+$commit_sha1 1st
+z notes on 1st commit
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'setup remote branch (z)' '
+	git update-ref refs/notes/z refs/notes/x &&
+	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/z &&
+	git notes add -f -m "z notes on 1st commit" 1st &&
+	git notes add -f -m "z notes on 2nd commit" 2nd &&
+	git notes remove 3rd &&
+	git notes add -f -m "z notes on 4th commit" 4th &&
+	verify_notes z
+'
+
+# At this point, before merging z into y, we have the following status:
+#
+# commit | base/x  | local/y | remote/z | diff from x to y/z
+# -------|---------|---------|----------|---------------------------
+# 1st    | [none]  | b0a6021 | 0a81da8  | added     / added (diff)
+# 2nd    | ceefa67 | [none]  | 283b482  | removed   / changed
+# 3rd    | e5388c1 | 5772f42 | [none]   | changed   / removed
+# 4th    | 6e8e3fe | e2bfd06 | cff59c7  | changed   / changed (diff)
+# 5th    | [none]  | [none]  | [none]   | [none]
+
+cat <<EOF | sort >expect_conflicts
+$commit_sha1
+$commit_sha2
+$commit_sha3
+$commit_sha4
+EOF
+
+cat >expect_conflict_$commit_sha1 <<EOF
+<<<<<<< refs/notes/m
+y notes on 1st commit
+=======
+z notes on 1st commit
+>>>>>>> refs/notes/z
+EOF
+
+cat >expect_conflict_$commit_sha2 <<EOF
+z notes on 2nd commit
+EOF
+
+cat >expect_conflict_$commit_sha3 <<EOF
+y notes on 3rd commit
+EOF
+
+cat >expect_conflict_$commit_sha4 <<EOF
+<<<<<<< refs/notes/m
+y notes on 4th commit
+=======
+z notes on 4th commit
+>>>>>>> refs/notes/z
+EOF
+
+cp expect_notes_y expect_notes_m
+cp expect_log_y expect_log_m
+
+git rev-parse refs/notes/y > pre_merge_y
+git rev-parse refs/notes/z > pre_merge_z
+
+test_expect_success 'merge z into m (== y) with default ("manual") resolver => Conflicting 3-way merge' '
+	git update-ref refs/notes/m refs/notes/y &&
+	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/m &&
+	test_must_fail git notes merge z >output &&
+	# Output should point to where to resolve conflicts
+	grep -q "\\.git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE" output &&
+	# Inspect merge conflicts
+	ls .git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE >output_conflicts &&
+	test_cmp expect_conflicts output_conflicts &&
+	( for f in $(cat expect_conflicts); do
+		test_cmp "expect_conflict_$f" ".git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE/$f" ||
+		exit 1
+	done ) &&
+	# Verify that current notes tree (pre-merge) has not changed (m == y)
+	verify_notes y &&
+	verify_notes m &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse refs/notes/m)" = "$(cat pre_merge_y)"
+'
+
+cat <<EOF | sort >expect_notes_z
+00494adecf2d9635a02fa431308d67993f853968 $commit_sha4
+283b48219aee9a4105f6cab337e789065c82c2b9 $commit_sha2
+0a81da8956346e19bcb27a906f04af327e03e31b $commit_sha1
+EOF
+
+cat >expect_log_z <<EOF
+$commit_sha5 5th
+
+$commit_sha4 4th
+z notes on 4th commit
+
+More z notes on 4th commit
+
+$commit_sha3 3rd
+
+$commit_sha2 2nd
+z notes on 2nd commit
+
+$commit_sha1 1st
+z notes on 1st commit
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'change notes in z' '
+	git notes --ref z append -m "More z notes on 4th commit" 4th &&
+	verify_notes z
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cannot do merge w/conflicts when previous merge is unfinished' '
+	test -d .git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE &&
+	test_must_fail git notes merge z >output 2>&1 &&
+	# Output should indicate what is wrong
+	grep -q "\\.git/NOTES_MERGE_\\* exists" output
+'
+
+# Setup non-conflicting merge between x and new notes ref w
+
+cat <<EOF | sort >expect_notes_w
+ceefa674873670e7ecd131814d909723cce2b669 $commit_sha2
+f75d1df88cbfe4258d49852f26cfc83f2ad4494b $commit_sha1
+EOF
+
+cat >expect_log_w <<EOF
+$commit_sha5 5th
+
+$commit_sha4 4th
+
+$commit_sha3 3rd
+
+$commit_sha2 2nd
+x notes on 2nd commit
+
+$commit_sha1 1st
+w notes on 1st commit
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'setup unrelated notes ref (w)' '
+	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/w &&
+	git notes add -m "w notes on 1st commit" 1st &&
+	git notes add -m "x notes on 2nd commit" 2nd &&
+	verify_notes w
+'
+
+cat <<EOF | sort >expect_notes_w
+6e8e3febca3c2bb896704335cc4d0c34cb2f8715 $commit_sha4
+e5388c10860456ee60673025345fe2e153eb8cf8 $commit_sha3
+ceefa674873670e7ecd131814d909723cce2b669 $commit_sha2
+f75d1df88cbfe4258d49852f26cfc83f2ad4494b $commit_sha1
+EOF
+
+cat >expect_log_w <<EOF
+$commit_sha5 5th
+
+$commit_sha4 4th
+x notes on 4th commit
+
+$commit_sha3 3rd
+x notes on 3rd commit
+
+$commit_sha2 2nd
+x notes on 2nd commit
+
+$commit_sha1 1st
+w notes on 1st commit
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'can do merge without conflicts even if previous merge is unfinished (x => w)' '
+	test -d .git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE &&
+	git notes merge x &&
+	verify_notes w &&
+	# Verify that other notes refs has not changed (x and y)
+	verify_notes x &&
+	verify_notes y
+'
+
+cat <<EOF | sort >expect_notes_m
+021faa20e931fb48986ffc6282b4bb05553ac946 $commit_sha4
+5772f42408c0dd6f097a7ca2d24de0e78d1c46b1 $commit_sha3
+283b48219aee9a4105f6cab337e789065c82c2b9 $commit_sha2
+0a59e787e6d688aa6309e56e8c1b89431a0fc1c1 $commit_sha1
+EOF
+
+cat >expect_log_m <<EOF
+$commit_sha5 5th
+
+$commit_sha4 4th
+y and z notes on 4th commit
+
+$commit_sha3 3rd
+y notes on 3rd commit
+
+$commit_sha2 2nd
+z notes on 2nd commit
+
+$commit_sha1 1st
+y and z notes on 1st commit
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'finalize conflicting merge (z => m)' '
+	# Resolve conflicts and finalize merge
+	cat >.git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE/$commit_sha1 <<EOF &&
+y and z notes on 1st commit
+EOF
+	cat >.git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE/$commit_sha4 <<EOF &&
+y and z notes on 4th commit
+EOF
+	git notes merge --commit &&
+	# No .git/NOTES_MERGE_* files left
+	test_must_fail ls .git/NOTES_MERGE_* >output 2>/dev/null &&
+	test_cmp /dev/null output &&
+	# Merge commit has pre-merge y and pre-merge z as parents
+	test "$(git rev-parse refs/notes/m^1)" = "$(cat pre_merge_y)" &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse refs/notes/m^2)" = "$(cat pre_merge_z)" &&
+	# Merge commit mentions the notes refs merged
+	git log -1 --format=%B refs/notes/m > merge_commit_msg &&
+	grep -q refs/notes/m merge_commit_msg &&
+	grep -q refs/notes/z merge_commit_msg &&
+	# Merge commit mentions conflicting notes
+	grep -q "Conflicts" merge_commit_msg &&
+	( for sha1 in $(cat expect_conflicts); do
+		grep -q "$sha1" merge_commit_msg ||
+		exit 1
+	done ) &&
+	# Verify contents of merge result
+	verify_notes m &&
+	# Verify that other notes refs has not changed (w, x, y and z)
+	verify_notes w &&
+	verify_notes x &&
+	verify_notes y &&
+	verify_notes z
+'
+
+cat >expect_conflict_$commit_sha4 <<EOF
+<<<<<<< refs/notes/m
+y notes on 4th commit
+=======
+z notes on 4th commit
+
+More z notes on 4th commit
+>>>>>>> refs/notes/z
+EOF
+
+cp expect_notes_y expect_notes_m
+cp expect_log_y expect_log_m
+
+git rev-parse refs/notes/y > pre_merge_y
+git rev-parse refs/notes/z > pre_merge_z
+
+test_expect_success 'redo merge of z into m (== y) with default ("manual") resolver => Conflicting 3-way merge' '
+	git update-ref refs/notes/m refs/notes/y &&
+	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/m &&
+	test_must_fail git notes merge z >output &&
+	# Output should point to where to resolve conflicts
+	grep -q "\\.git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE" output &&
+	# Inspect merge conflicts
+	ls .git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE >output_conflicts &&
+	test_cmp expect_conflicts output_conflicts &&
+	( for f in $(cat expect_conflicts); do
+		test_cmp "expect_conflict_$f" ".git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE/$f" ||
+		exit 1
+	done ) &&
+	# Verify that current notes tree (pre-merge) has not changed (m == y)
+	verify_notes y &&
+	verify_notes m &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse refs/notes/m)" = "$(cat pre_merge_y)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'abort notes merge' '
+	git notes merge --abort &&
+	# No .git/NOTES_MERGE_* files left
+	test_must_fail ls .git/NOTES_MERGE_* >output 2>/dev/null &&
+	test_cmp /dev/null output &&
+	# m has not moved (still == y)
+	test "$(git rev-parse refs/notes/m)" = "$(cat pre_merge_y)"
+	# Verify that other notes refs has not changed (w, x, y and z)
+	verify_notes w &&
+	verify_notes x &&
+	verify_notes y &&
+	verify_notes z
+'
+
+git rev-parse refs/notes/y > pre_merge_y
+git rev-parse refs/notes/z > pre_merge_z
+
+test_expect_success 'redo merge of z into m (== y) with default ("manual") resolver => Conflicting 3-way merge' '
+	test_must_fail git notes merge z >output &&
+	# Output should point to where to resolve conflicts
+	grep -q "\\.git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE" output &&
+	# Inspect merge conflicts
+	ls .git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE >output_conflicts &&
+	test_cmp expect_conflicts output_conflicts &&
+	( for f in $(cat expect_conflicts); do
+		test_cmp "expect_conflict_$f" ".git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE/$f" ||
+		exit 1
+	done ) &&
+	# Verify that current notes tree (pre-merge) has not changed (m == y)
+	verify_notes y &&
+	verify_notes m &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse refs/notes/m)" = "$(cat pre_merge_y)"
+'
+
+cat <<EOF | sort >expect_notes_m
+304dfb4325cf243025b9957486eb605a9b51c199 $commit_sha5
+283b48219aee9a4105f6cab337e789065c82c2b9 $commit_sha2
+0a59e787e6d688aa6309e56e8c1b89431a0fc1c1 $commit_sha1
+EOF
+
+cat >expect_log_m <<EOF
+$commit_sha5 5th
+new note on 5th commit
+
+$commit_sha4 4th
+
+$commit_sha3 3rd
+
+$commit_sha2 2nd
+z notes on 2nd commit
+
+$commit_sha1 1st
+y and z notes on 1st commit
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'add + remove notes in finalized merge (z => m)' '
+	# Resolve one conflict
+	cat >.git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE/$commit_sha1 <<EOF &&
+y and z notes on 1st commit
+EOF
+	# Remove another conflict
+	rm .git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE/$commit_sha4 &&
+	# Remove a D/F conflict
+	rm .git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE/$commit_sha3 &&
+	# Add a new note
+	echo "new note on 5th commit" > .git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE/$commit_sha5 &&
+	# Finalize merge
+	git notes merge --commit &&
+	# No .git/NOTES_MERGE_* files left
+	test_must_fail ls .git/NOTES_MERGE_* >output 2>/dev/null &&
+	test_cmp /dev/null output &&
+	# Merge commit has pre-merge y and pre-merge z as parents
+	test "$(git rev-parse refs/notes/m^1)" = "$(cat pre_merge_y)" &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse refs/notes/m^2)" = "$(cat pre_merge_z)" &&
+	# Merge commit mentions the notes refs merged
+	git log -1 --format=%B refs/notes/m > merge_commit_msg &&
+	grep -q refs/notes/m merge_commit_msg &&
+	grep -q refs/notes/z merge_commit_msg &&
+	# Merge commit mentions conflicting notes
+	grep -q "Conflicts" merge_commit_msg &&
+	( for sha1 in $(cat expect_conflicts); do
+		grep -q "$sha1" merge_commit_msg ||
+		exit 1
+	done ) &&
+	# Verify contents of merge result
+	verify_notes m &&
+	# Verify that other notes refs has not changed (w, x, y and z)
+	verify_notes w &&
+	verify_notes x &&
+	verify_notes y &&
+	verify_notes z
+'
+
+cp expect_notes_y expect_notes_m
+cp expect_log_y expect_log_m
+
+test_expect_success 'redo merge of z into m (== y) with default ("manual") resolver => Conflicting 3-way merge' '
+	git update-ref refs/notes/m refs/notes/y &&
+	test_must_fail git notes merge z >output &&
+	# Output should point to where to resolve conflicts
+	grep -q "\\.git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE" output &&
+	# Inspect merge conflicts
+	ls .git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE >output_conflicts &&
+	test_cmp expect_conflicts output_conflicts &&
+	( for f in $(cat expect_conflicts); do
+		test_cmp "expect_conflict_$f" ".git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE/$f" ||
+		exit 1
+	done ) &&
+	# Verify that current notes tree (pre-merge) has not changed (m == y)
+	verify_notes y &&
+	verify_notes m &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse refs/notes/m)" = "$(cat pre_merge_y)"
+'
+
+cp expect_notes_w expect_notes_m
+cp expect_log_w expect_log_m
+
+test_expect_success 'reset notes ref m to somewhere else (w)' '
+	git update-ref refs/notes/m refs/notes/w &&
+	verify_notes m &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse refs/notes/m)" = "$(git rev-parse refs/notes/w)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fail to finalize conflicting merge if underlying ref has moved in the meantime (m != NOTES_MERGE_PARTIAL^1)' '
+	# Resolve conflicts
+	cat >.git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE/$commit_sha1 <<EOF &&
+y and z notes on 1st commit
+EOF
+	cat >.git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE/$commit_sha4 <<EOF &&
+y and z notes on 4th commit
+EOF
+	# Fail to finalize merge
+	test_must_fail git notes merge --commit >output 2>&1 &&
+	# .git/NOTES_MERGE_* must remain
+	test -f .git/NOTES_MERGE_PARTIAL &&
+	test -f .git/NOTES_MERGE_REF &&
+	test -f .git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE/$commit_sha1 &&
+	test -f .git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE/$commit_sha2 &&
+	test -f .git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE/$commit_sha3 &&
+	test -f .git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE/$commit_sha4 &&
+	# Refs are unchanged
+	test "$(git rev-parse refs/notes/m)" = "$(git rev-parse refs/notes/w)"
+	test "$(git rev-parse refs/notes/y)" = "$(git rev-parse NOTES_MERGE_PARTIAL^1)"
+	test "$(git rev-parse refs/notes/m)" != "$(git rev-parse NOTES_MERGE_PARTIAL^1)"
+	# Mention refs/notes/m, and its current and expected value in output
+	grep -q "refs/notes/m" output &&
+	grep -q "$(git rev-parse refs/notes/m)" output &&
+	grep -q "$(git rev-parse NOTES_MERGE_PARTIAL^1)" output &&
+	# Verify that other notes refs has not changed (w, x, y and z)
+	verify_notes w &&
+	verify_notes x &&
+	verify_notes y &&
+	verify_notes z
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'resolve situation by aborting the notes merge' '
+	git notes merge --abort &&
+	# No .git/NOTES_MERGE_* files left
+	test_must_fail ls .git/NOTES_MERGE_* >output 2>/dev/null &&
+	test_cmp /dev/null output &&
+	# m has not moved (still == w)
+	test "$(git rev-parse refs/notes/m)" = "$(git rev-parse refs/notes/w)"
+	# Verify that other notes refs has not changed (w, x, y and z)
+	verify_notes w &&
+	verify_notes x &&
+	verify_notes y &&
+	verify_notes z
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3311-notes-merge-fanout.sh b/t/t3311-notes-merge-fanout.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..93516ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3311-notes-merge-fanout.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,436 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2010 Johan Herland
+#
+
+test_description='Test notes merging at various fanout levels'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+verify_notes () {
+	notes_ref="$1"
+	commit="$2"
+	if test -f "expect_notes_$notes_ref"
+	then
+		git -c core.notesRef="refs/notes/$notes_ref" notes |
+			sort >"output_notes_$notes_ref" &&
+		test_cmp "expect_notes_$notes_ref" "output_notes_$notes_ref" ||
+			return 1
+	fi &&
+	git -c core.notesRef="refs/notes/$notes_ref" log --format="%H %s%n%N" \
+		"$commit" >"output_log_$notes_ref" &&
+	test_cmp "expect_log_$notes_ref" "output_log_$notes_ref"
+}
+
+verify_fanout () {
+	notes_ref="$1"
+	# Expect entire notes tree to have a fanout == 1
+	git rev-parse --quiet --verify "refs/notes/$notes_ref" >/dev/null &&
+	git ls-tree -r --name-only "refs/notes/$notes_ref" |
+	while read path
+	do
+		case "$path" in
+		??/??????????????????????????????????????)
+			: true
+			;;
+		*)
+			echo "Invalid path \"$path\"" &&
+			return 1
+			;;
+		esac
+	done
+}
+
+verify_no_fanout () {
+	notes_ref="$1"
+	# Expect entire notes tree to have a fanout == 0
+	git rev-parse --quiet --verify "refs/notes/$notes_ref" >/dev/null &&
+	git ls-tree -r --name-only "refs/notes/$notes_ref" |
+	while read path
+	do
+		case "$path" in
+		????????????????????????????????????????)
+			: true
+			;;
+		*)
+			echo "Invalid path \"$path\"" &&
+			return 1
+			;;
+		esac
+	done
+}
+
+# Set up a notes merge scenario with different kinds of conflicts
+test_expect_success 'setup a few initial commits with notes (notes ref: x)' '
+	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/x &&
+	for i in 1 2 3 4 5
+	do
+		test_commit "commit$i" >/dev/null &&
+		git notes add -m "notes for commit$i" || return 1
+	done
+'
+
+commit_sha1=$(git rev-parse commit1^{commit})
+commit_sha2=$(git rev-parse commit2^{commit})
+commit_sha3=$(git rev-parse commit3^{commit})
+commit_sha4=$(git rev-parse commit4^{commit})
+commit_sha5=$(git rev-parse commit5^{commit})
+
+cat <<EOF | sort >expect_notes_x
+aed91155c7a72c2188e781fdf40e0f3761b299db $commit_sha5
+99fab268f9d7ee7b011e091a436c78def8eeee69 $commit_sha4
+953c20ae26c7aa0b428c20693fe38bc687f9d1a9 $commit_sha3
+6358796131b8916eaa2dde6902642942a1cb37e1 $commit_sha2
+b02d459c32f0e68f2fe0981033bb34f38776ba47 $commit_sha1
+EOF
+
+cat >expect_log_x <<EOF
+$commit_sha5 commit5
+notes for commit5
+
+$commit_sha4 commit4
+notes for commit4
+
+$commit_sha3 commit3
+notes for commit3
+
+$commit_sha2 commit2
+notes for commit2
+
+$commit_sha1 commit1
+notes for commit1
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'sanity check (x)' '
+	verify_notes x commit5 &&
+	verify_no_fanout x
+'
+
+num=300
+
+cp expect_log_x expect_log_y
+
+test_expect_success 'Add a few hundred commits w/notes to trigger fanout (x -> y)' '
+	git update-ref refs/notes/y refs/notes/x &&
+	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/y &&
+	i=5 &&
+	while test $i -lt $num
+	do
+		i=$(($i + 1)) &&
+		test_commit "commit$i" >/dev/null &&
+		git notes add -m "notes for commit$i" || return 1
+	done &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse refs/notes/y)" != "$(git rev-parse refs/notes/x)" &&
+	# Expected number of commits and notes
+	test $(git rev-list HEAD | wc -l) = $num &&
+	test $(git notes list | wc -l) = $num &&
+	# 5 first notes unchanged
+	verify_notes y commit5
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'notes tree has fanout (y)' 'verify_fanout y'
+
+test_expect_success 'No-op merge (already included) (x => y)' '
+	git update-ref refs/notes/m refs/notes/y &&
+	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/m &&
+	git notes merge x &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse refs/notes/m)" = "$(git rev-parse refs/notes/y)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Fast-forward merge (y => x)' '
+	git update-ref refs/notes/m refs/notes/x &&
+	git notes merge y &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse refs/notes/m)" = "$(git rev-parse refs/notes/y)"
+'
+
+cat <<EOF | sort >expect_notes_z
+9f506ee70e20379d7f78204c77b334f43d77410d $commit_sha3
+23a47d6ea7d589895faf800752054818e1e7627b $commit_sha2
+b02d459c32f0e68f2fe0981033bb34f38776ba47 $commit_sha1
+EOF
+
+cat >expect_log_z <<EOF
+$commit_sha5 commit5
+
+$commit_sha4 commit4
+
+$commit_sha3 commit3
+notes for commit3
+
+appended notes for commit3
+
+$commit_sha2 commit2
+new notes for commit2
+
+$commit_sha1 commit1
+notes for commit1
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'change some of the initial 5 notes (x -> z)' '
+	git update-ref refs/notes/z refs/notes/x &&
+	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/z &&
+	git notes add -f -m "new notes for commit2" commit2 &&
+	git notes append -m "appended notes for commit3" commit3 &&
+	git notes remove commit4 &&
+	git notes remove commit5 &&
+	verify_notes z commit5
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'notes tree has no fanout (z)' 'verify_no_fanout z'
+
+cp expect_log_z expect_log_m
+
+test_expect_success 'successful merge without conflicts (y => z)' '
+	git update-ref refs/notes/m refs/notes/z &&
+	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/m &&
+	git notes merge y &&
+	verify_notes m commit5 &&
+	# x/y/z unchanged
+	verify_notes x commit5 &&
+	verify_notes y commit5 &&
+	verify_notes z commit5
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'notes tree still has fanout after merge (m)' 'verify_fanout m'
+
+cat >expect_log_w <<EOF
+$commit_sha5 commit5
+
+$commit_sha4 commit4
+other notes for commit4
+
+$commit_sha3 commit3
+other notes for commit3
+
+$commit_sha2 commit2
+notes for commit2
+
+$commit_sha1 commit1
+other notes for commit1
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'introduce conflicting changes (y -> w)' '
+	git update-ref refs/notes/w refs/notes/y &&
+	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/w &&
+	git notes add -f -m "other notes for commit1" commit1 &&
+	git notes add -f -m "other notes for commit3" commit3 &&
+	git notes add -f -m "other notes for commit4" commit4 &&
+	git notes remove commit5 &&
+	verify_notes w commit5
+'
+
+cat >expect_log_m <<EOF
+$commit_sha5 commit5
+
+$commit_sha4 commit4
+other notes for commit4
+
+$commit_sha3 commit3
+other notes for commit3
+
+$commit_sha2 commit2
+new notes for commit2
+
+$commit_sha1 commit1
+other notes for commit1
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'successful merge using "ours" strategy (z => w)' '
+	git update-ref refs/notes/m refs/notes/w &&
+	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/m &&
+	git notes merge -s ours z &&
+	verify_notes m commit5 &&
+	# w/x/y/z unchanged
+	verify_notes w commit5 &&
+	verify_notes x commit5 &&
+	verify_notes y commit5 &&
+	verify_notes z commit5
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'notes tree still has fanout after merge (m)' 'verify_fanout m'
+
+cat >expect_log_m <<EOF
+$commit_sha5 commit5
+
+$commit_sha4 commit4
+
+$commit_sha3 commit3
+notes for commit3
+
+appended notes for commit3
+
+$commit_sha2 commit2
+new notes for commit2
+
+$commit_sha1 commit1
+other notes for commit1
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'successful merge using "theirs" strategy (z => w)' '
+	git update-ref refs/notes/m refs/notes/w &&
+	git notes merge -s theirs z &&
+	verify_notes m commit5 &&
+	# w/x/y/z unchanged
+	verify_notes w commit5 &&
+	verify_notes x commit5 &&
+	verify_notes y commit5 &&
+	verify_notes z commit5
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'notes tree still has fanout after merge (m)' 'verify_fanout m'
+
+cat >expect_log_m <<EOF
+$commit_sha5 commit5
+
+$commit_sha4 commit4
+other notes for commit4
+
+$commit_sha3 commit3
+other notes for commit3
+
+notes for commit3
+
+appended notes for commit3
+
+$commit_sha2 commit2
+new notes for commit2
+
+$commit_sha1 commit1
+other notes for commit1
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'successful merge using "union" strategy (z => w)' '
+	git update-ref refs/notes/m refs/notes/w &&
+	git notes merge -s union z &&
+	verify_notes m commit5 &&
+	# w/x/y/z unchanged
+	verify_notes w commit5 &&
+	verify_notes x commit5 &&
+	verify_notes y commit5 &&
+	verify_notes z commit5
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'notes tree still has fanout after merge (m)' 'verify_fanout m'
+
+cat >expect_log_m <<EOF
+$commit_sha5 commit5
+
+$commit_sha4 commit4
+other notes for commit4
+
+$commit_sha3 commit3
+appended notes for commit3
+notes for commit3
+other notes for commit3
+
+$commit_sha2 commit2
+new notes for commit2
+
+$commit_sha1 commit1
+other notes for commit1
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'successful merge using "cat_sort_uniq" strategy (z => w)' '
+	git update-ref refs/notes/m refs/notes/w &&
+	git notes merge -s cat_sort_uniq z &&
+	verify_notes m commit5 &&
+	# w/x/y/z unchanged
+	verify_notes w commit5 &&
+	verify_notes x commit5 &&
+	verify_notes y commit5 &&
+	verify_notes z commit5
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'notes tree still has fanout after merge (m)' 'verify_fanout m'
+
+# We're merging z into w. Here are the conflicts we expect:
+#
+# commit | x -> w    | x -> z    | conflict?
+# -------|-----------|-----------|----------
+# 1      | changed   | unchanged | no, use w
+# 2      | unchanged | changed   | no, use z
+# 3      | changed   | changed   | yes (w, then z in conflict markers)
+# 4      | changed   | deleted   | yes (w)
+# 5      | deleted   | deleted   | no, deleted
+
+test_expect_success 'fails to merge using "manual" strategy (z => w)' '
+	git update-ref refs/notes/m refs/notes/w &&
+	test_must_fail git notes merge z
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'notes tree still has fanout after merge (m)' 'verify_fanout m'
+
+cat <<EOF | sort >expect_conflicts
+$commit_sha3
+$commit_sha4
+EOF
+
+cat >expect_conflict_$commit_sha3 <<EOF
+<<<<<<< refs/notes/m
+other notes for commit3
+=======
+notes for commit3
+
+appended notes for commit3
+>>>>>>> refs/notes/z
+EOF
+
+cat >expect_conflict_$commit_sha4 <<EOF
+other notes for commit4
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'verify conflict entries (with no fanout)' '
+	ls .git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE >output_conflicts &&
+	test_cmp expect_conflicts output_conflicts &&
+	( for f in $(cat expect_conflicts); do
+		test_cmp "expect_conflict_$f" ".git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE/$f" ||
+		exit 1
+	done ) &&
+	# Verify that current notes tree (pre-merge) has not changed (m == w)
+	test "$(git rev-parse refs/notes/m)" = "$(git rev-parse refs/notes/w)"
+'
+
+cat >expect_log_m <<EOF
+$commit_sha5 commit5
+
+$commit_sha4 commit4
+other notes for commit4
+
+$commit_sha3 commit3
+other notes for commit3
+
+appended notes for commit3
+
+$commit_sha2 commit2
+new notes for commit2
+
+$commit_sha1 commit1
+other notes for commit1
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'resolve and finalize merge (z => w)' '
+	cat >.git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE/$commit_sha3 <<EOF &&
+other notes for commit3
+
+appended notes for commit3
+EOF
+	git notes merge --commit &&
+	verify_notes m commit5 &&
+	# w/x/y/z unchanged
+	verify_notes w commit5 &&
+	verify_notes x commit5 &&
+	verify_notes y commit5 &&
+	verify_notes z commit5
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'notes tree still has fanout after merge (m)' 'verify_fanout m'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh b/t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh
index 9e9474e..7d8147b 100755
--- a/t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh
+++ b/t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh
@@ -7,34 +7,39 @@
 
 This test runs git rebase "interactively", by faking an edit, and verifies
 that the result still makes sense.
+
+Initial setup:
+
+     one - two - three - four (conflict-branch)
+   /
+ A - B - C - D - E            (master)
+ | \
+ |   F - G - H                (branch1)
+ |     \
+ |\      I                    (branch2)
+ | \
+ |   J - K - L - M            (no-conflict-branch)
+  \
+    N - O - P                 (no-ff-branch)
+
+ where A, B, D and G all touch file1, and one, two, three, four all
+ touch file "conflict".
 '
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 . "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-rebase.sh
 
+test_cmp_rev () {
+	git rev-parse --verify "$1" >expect.rev &&
+	git rev-parse --verify "$2" >actual.rev &&
+	test_cmp expect.rev actual.rev
+}
+
 set_fake_editor
 
-# Set up the repository like this:
-#
-#     one - two - three - four (conflict-branch)
-#   /
-# A - B - C - D - E            (master)
-# | \
-# |   F - G - H                (branch1)
-# |     \
-# |\      I                    (branch2)
-# | \
-# |   J - K - L - M            (no-conflict-branch)
-#  \
-#    N - O - P                 (no-ff-branch)
-#
-# where A, B, D and G all touch file1, and one, two, three, four all
-# touch file "conflict".
-#
 # WARNING: Modifications to the initial repository can change the SHA ID used
 # in the expect2 file for the 'stop on conflicting pick' test.
 
-
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
 	test_commit A file1 &&
 	test_commit B file1 &&
@@ -46,22 +51,21 @@
 	test_commit G file1 &&
 	test_commit H file5 &&
 	git checkout -b branch2 F &&
-	test_commit I file6
+	test_commit I file6 &&
 	git checkout -b conflict-branch A &&
-	for n in one two three four
-	do
-		test_commit $n conflict
-	done &&
+	test_commit one conflict &&
+	test_commit two conflict &&
+	test_commit three conflict &&
+	test_commit four conflict &&
 	git checkout -b no-conflict-branch A &&
-	for n in J K L M
-	do
-		test_commit $n file$n
-	done &&
+	test_commit J fileJ &&
+	test_commit K fileK &&
+	test_commit L fileL &&
+	test_commit M fileM &&
 	git checkout -b no-ff-branch A &&
-	for n in N O P
-	do
-		test_commit $n file$n
-	done
+	test_commit N fileN &&
+	test_commit O fileO &&
+	test_commit P fileP
 '
 
 # "exec" commands are ran with the user shell by default, but this may
@@ -83,20 +87,12 @@
 	test_path_is_file touch-one &&
 	test_path_is_file touch-two &&
 	test_path_is_missing touch-three " (should have stopped before)" &&
-	test $(git rev-parse C) = $(git rev-parse HEAD) || {
-		echo "Stopped at wrong revision:"
-		echo "($(git describe --tags HEAD) instead of C)"
-		false
-	} &&
+	test_cmp_rev C HEAD &&
 	git rebase --continue &&
 	test_path_is_file touch-three &&
 	test_path_is_file "touch-file  name with spaces" &&
 	test_path_is_file touch-after-semicolon &&
-	test $(git rev-parse master) = $(git rev-parse HEAD) || {
-		echo "Stopped at wrong revision:"
-		echo "($(git describe --tags HEAD) instead of master)"
-		false
-	} &&
+	test_cmp_rev master HEAD &&
 	rm -f touch-*
 '
 
@@ -117,11 +113,7 @@
 	export FAKE_LINES &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase -i HEAD^
 	) &&
-	test $(git rev-parse master^) = $(git rev-parse HEAD) || {
-		echo "Stopped at wrong revision:"
-		echo "($(git describe --tags HEAD) instead of master^)"
-		false
-	} &&
+	test_cmp_rev master^ HEAD &&
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git rebase --continue
 '
@@ -585,7 +577,7 @@
 
 	git checkout -b branch4 HEAD &&
 	GIT_EDITOR=: git commit --amend \
-		--author="Somebody else <somebody@else.com>" 
+		--author="Somebody else <somebody@else.com>" &&
 	test $(git rev-parse branch3) != $(git rev-parse branch4) &&
 	git rebase -i branch3 &&
 	test $(git rev-parse branch3) = $(git rev-parse branch4)
@@ -600,7 +592,7 @@
 		git add elif && git commit -m "submodule initial"
 	) &&
 	echo 1 >file1 &&
-	git add file1 sub
+	git add file1 sub &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m "One" &&
 	echo 2 >file1 &&
@@ -656,6 +648,7 @@
 
 cat >expect <<EOF
 an earlier note
+
 a note
 EOF
 
diff --git a/t/t3406-rebase-message.sh b/t/t3406-rebase-message.sh
index 85fc7c4..fe5f936 100755
--- a/t/t3406-rebase-message.sh
+++ b/t/t3406-rebase-message.sh
@@ -43,20 +43,20 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase --stat' '
-        git reset --hard start
+	git reset --hard start &&
         git rebase --stat master >diffstat.txt &&
         grep "^ fileX |  *1 +$" diffstat.txt
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase w/config rebase.stat' '
-        git reset --hard start
+	git reset --hard start &&
         git config rebase.stat true &&
         git rebase master >diffstat.txt &&
         grep "^ fileX |  *1 +$" diffstat.txt
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase -n overrides config rebase.stat config' '
-        git reset --hard start
+	git reset --hard start &&
         git config rebase.stat true &&
         git rebase -n master >diffstat.txt &&
         ! grep "^ fileX |  *1 +$" diffstat.txt
diff --git a/t/t3408-rebase-multi-line.sh b/t/t3408-rebase-multi-line.sh
index 2062b85..6b84e60 100755
--- a/t/t3408-rebase-multi-line.sh
+++ b/t/t3408-rebase-multi-line.sh
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 	git commit -a -m "A sample commit log message that has a long
 summary that spills over multiple lines.
 
-But otherwise with a sane description."
+But otherwise with a sane description." &&
 
 	git branch side &&
 
diff --git a/t/t3409-rebase-preserve-merges.sh b/t/t3409-rebase-preserve-merges.sh
index 74161a4..19341e5 100755
--- a/t/t3409-rebase-preserve-merges.sh
+++ b/t/t3409-rebase-preserve-merges.sh
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@
 	git fetch &&
 	git rebase -p origin/topic &&
 	test 1 = $(git rev-list --all --pretty=oneline | grep "Modify A" | wc -l) &&
-	test 1 = $(git rev-list --all --pretty=oneline | grep "Merge remote branch " | wc -l)
+	test 1 = $(git rev-list --all --pretty=oneline | grep "Merge remote-tracking branch " | wc -l)
 	)
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t3412-rebase-root.sh b/t/t3412-rebase-root.sh
index 5869061..086c91c 100755
--- a/t/t3412-rebase-root.sh
+++ b/t/t3412-rebase-root.sh
@@ -173,14 +173,14 @@
 test_expect_success 'pre-rebase hook stops rebase' '
 	git checkout -b stops1 other &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase --root --onto master &&
-	test "z$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)" = zrefs/heads/stops1
+	test "z$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)" = zrefs/heads/stops1 &&
 	test 0 = $(git rev-list other...stops1 | wc -l)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'pre-rebase hook stops rebase -i' '
 	git checkout -b stops2 other &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase --root --onto master &&
-	test "z$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)" = zrefs/heads/stops2
+	test "z$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)" = zrefs/heads/stops2 &&
 	test 0 = $(git rev-list other...stops2 | wc -l)
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t3415-rebase-autosquash.sh b/t/t3415-rebase-autosquash.sh
index fd2184c..b38be8e 100755
--- a/t/t3415-rebase-autosquash.sh
+++ b/t/t3415-rebase-autosquash.sh
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 	git add . &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m "first commit" &&
+	git tag first-commit &&
 	echo 3 >file3 &&
 	git add . &&
 	test_tick &&
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@
 	git tag base
 '
 
-test_auto_fixup() {
+test_auto_fixup () {
 	git reset --hard base &&
 	echo 1 >file1 &&
 	git add -u &&
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@
 	test_must_fail test_auto_fixup final-fixup-config-false
 '
 
-test_auto_squash() {
+test_auto_squash () {
 	git reset --hard base &&
 	echo 1 >file1 &&
 	git add -u &&
@@ -94,4 +95,102 @@
 	test 0 = $(git rev-list final-missquash...HEAD | wc -l)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'auto squash that matches 2 commits' '
+	git reset --hard base &&
+	echo 4 >file4 &&
+	git add file4 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "first new commit" &&
+	echo 1 >file1 &&
+	git add -u &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "squash! first" &&
+	git tag final-multisquash &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git rebase --autosquash -i HEAD~4 &&
+	git log --oneline >actual &&
+	test 4 = $(wc -l <actual) &&
+	git diff --exit-code final-multisquash &&
+	test 1 = "$(git cat-file blob HEAD^^:file1)" &&
+	test 2 = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^^ | grep first | wc -l) &&
+	test 1 = $(git cat-file commit HEAD | grep first | wc -l)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'auto squash that matches a commit after the squash' '
+	git reset --hard base &&
+	echo 1 >file1 &&
+	git add -u &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "squash! third" &&
+	echo 4 >file4 &&
+	git add file4 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "third commit" &&
+	git tag final-presquash &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git rebase --autosquash -i HEAD~4 &&
+	git log --oneline >actual &&
+	test 5 = $(wc -l <actual) &&
+	git diff --exit-code final-presquash &&
+	test 0 = "$(git cat-file blob HEAD^^:file1)" &&
+	test 1 = "$(git cat-file blob HEAD^:file1)" &&
+	test 1 = $(git cat-file commit HEAD | grep third | wc -l) &&
+	test 1 = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | grep third | wc -l)
+'
+test_expect_success 'auto squash that matches a sha1' '
+	git reset --hard base &&
+	echo 1 >file1 &&
+	git add -u &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "squash! $(git rev-parse --short HEAD^)" &&
+	git tag final-shasquash &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git rebase --autosquash -i HEAD^^^ &&
+	git log --oneline >actual &&
+	test 3 = $(wc -l <actual) &&
+	git diff --exit-code final-shasquash &&
+	test 1 = "$(git cat-file blob HEAD^:file1)" &&
+	test 1 = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | grep squash | wc -l)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'auto squash that matches longer sha1' '
+	git reset --hard base &&
+	echo 1 >file1 &&
+	git add -u &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "squash! $(git rev-parse --short=11 HEAD^)" &&
+	git tag final-longshasquash &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git rebase --autosquash -i HEAD^^^ &&
+	git log --oneline >actual &&
+	test 3 = $(wc -l <actual) &&
+	git diff --exit-code final-longshasquash &&
+	test 1 = "$(git cat-file blob HEAD^:file1)" &&
+	test 1 = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | grep squash | wc -l)
+'
+
+test_auto_commit_flags () {
+	git reset --hard base &&
+	echo 1 >file1 &&
+	git add -u &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --$1 first-commit &&
+	git tag final-commit-$1 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git rebase --autosquash -i HEAD^^^ &&
+	git log --oneline >actual &&
+	test 3 = $(wc -l <actual) &&
+	git diff --exit-code final-commit-$1 &&
+	test 1 = "$(git cat-file blob HEAD^:file1)" &&
+	test $2 = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | grep first | wc -l)
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'use commit --fixup' '
+	test_auto_commit_flags fixup 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'use commit --squash' '
+	test_auto_commit_flags squash 2
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3417-rebase-whitespace-fix.sh b/t/t3417-rebase-whitespace-fix.sh
index 220a740..1fb3e49 100755
--- a/t/t3417-rebase-whitespace-fix.sh
+++ b/t/t3417-rebase-whitespace-fix.sh
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@
 	git config core.whitespace "-blank-at-eol" &&
 	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
 	cp third file && git add file && git commit -m third &&
-	git rebase --whitespace=fix HEAD^^
+	git rebase --whitespace=fix HEAD^^ &&
 	git diff --exit-code HEAD^:file expect-second &&
 	test_cmp file third
 '
diff --git a/t/t3504-cherry-pick-rerere.sh b/t/t3504-cherry-pick-rerere.sh
index f7b3518..e6a6481 100755
--- a/t/t3504-cherry-pick-rerere.sh
+++ b/t/t3504-cherry-pick-rerere.sh
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'fixup' '
 	echo foo-dev >foo &&
 	git add foo && test_tick && git commit -q -m 4 &&
-	git reset --hard HEAD^
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
 	echo foo-dev >expect
 '
 
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'reconfigure' '
-	git config rerere.enabled false
+	git config rerere.enabled false &&
 	git reset --hard
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t3509-cherry-pick-merge-df.sh b/t/t3509-cherry-pick-merge-df.sh
index a5ccdbf..948ca1b 100755
--- a/t/t3509-cherry-pick-merge-df.sh
+++ b/t/t3509-cherry-pick-merge-df.sh
@@ -32,4 +32,70 @@
 	git cherry-pick branch
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'Setup rename with file on one side matching directory name on other' '
+	git checkout --orphan nick-testcase &&
+	git rm -rf . &&
+
+	>empty &&
+	git add empty &&
+	git commit -m "Empty file" &&
+
+	git checkout -b simple &&
+	mv empty file &&
+	mkdir empty &&
+	mv file empty &&
+	git add empty/file &&
+	git commit -m "Empty file under empty dir" &&
+
+	echo content >newfile &&
+	git add newfile &&
+	git commit -m "New file"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Cherry-pick succeeds with was_a_dir/file -> was_a_dir (resolve)' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout -q nick-testcase^0 &&
+	git cherry-pick --strategy=resolve simple
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Cherry-pick succeeds with was_a_dir/file -> was_a_dir (recursive)' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout -q nick-testcase^0 &&
+	git cherry-pick --strategy=recursive simple
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Setup rename with file on one side matching different dirname on other' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout --orphan mergeme &&
+	git rm -rf . &&
+
+	mkdir sub &&
+	mkdir othersub &&
+	echo content > sub/file &&
+	echo foo > othersub/whatever &&
+	git add -A &&
+	git commit -m "Common commmit" &&
+
+	git rm -rf othersub &&
+	git mv sub/file othersub &&
+	git commit -m "Commit to merge" &&
+
+	git checkout -b newhead mergeme~1 &&
+	>independent-change &&
+	git add independent-change &&
+	git commit -m "Completely unrelated change"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Cherry-pick with rename to different D/F conflict succeeds (resolve)' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout -q newhead^0 &&
+	git cherry-pick --strategy=resolve mergeme
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Cherry-pick with rename to different D/F conflict succeeds (recursive)' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout -q newhead^0 &&
+	git cherry-pick --strategy=recursive mergeme
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3600-rm.sh b/t/t3600-rm.sh
index b26cabd..cd093bd 100755
--- a/t/t3600-rm.sh
+++ b/t/t3600-rm.sh
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@
     "git rm -f 'space embedded' 'tab	embedded' 'newline
 embedded'"
 
-test_expect_success RO_DIR 'Test that "git rm -f" fails if its rm fails' '
+test_expect_success SANITY 'Test that "git rm -f" fails if its rm fails' '
 	chmod a-w . &&
 	test_must_fail git rm -f baz &&
 	chmod 775 .
diff --git a/t/t3900-i18n-commit.sh b/t/t3900-i18n-commit.sh
index 256c4c9..c06a5ee 100755
--- a/t/t3900-i18n-commit.sh
+++ b/t/t3900-i18n-commit.sh
@@ -133,4 +133,33 @@
 	'
 done
 
+test_commit_autosquash_flags () {
+	H=$1
+	flag=$2
+	test_expect_success "commit --$flag with $H encoding" '
+		git config i18n.commitencoding $H &&
+		git checkout -b $H-$flag C0 &&
+		echo $H >>F &&
+		git commit -a -F "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3900/$H.txt &&
+		test_tick &&
+		echo intermediate stuff >>G &&
+		git add G &&
+		git commit -a -m "intermediate commit" &&
+		test_tick &&
+		echo $H $flag >>F &&
+		git commit -a --$flag HEAD~1 $3 &&
+		E=$(git cat-file commit '$H-$flag' |
+			sed -ne "s/^encoding //p") &&
+		test "z$E" = "z$H" &&
+		git config --unset-all i18n.commitencoding &&
+		git rebase --autosquash -i HEAD^^^ &&
+		git log --oneline >actual &&
+		test 3 = $(wc -l <actual)
+	'
+}
+
+test_commit_autosquash_flags eucJP fixup
+
+test_commit_autosquash_flags ISO-2022-JP squash '-m "squash message"'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3902-quoted.sh b/t/t3902-quoted.sh
index 7d49469..da82b65 100755
--- a/t/t3902-quoted.sh
+++ b/t/t3902-quoted.sh
@@ -36,19 +36,19 @@
 test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'setup' '
 
 	mkdir "$FN" &&
-	for_each_name "echo initial >\"\$name\""
+	for_each_name "echo initial >\"\$name\"" &&
 	git add . &&
 	git commit -q -m Initial &&
 
 	for_each_name "echo second >\"\$name\"" &&
-	git commit -a -m Second
+	git commit -a -m Second &&
 
 	for_each_name "echo modified >\"\$name\""
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'setup expected files' '
-cat >expect.quoted <<\EOF
+cat >expect.quoted <<\EOF &&
 Name
 "Name and a\nLF"
 "Name and an\tHT"
diff --git a/t/t3903-stash.sh b/t/t3903-stash.sh
index 903a122..6fd560c 100755
--- a/t/t3903-stash.sh
+++ b/t/t3903-stash.sh
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'stash branch' '
 	echo foo > file &&
-	git commit file -m first
+	git commit file -m first &&
 	echo bar > file &&
 	echo bar2 > file2 &&
 	git add file2 &&
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@
 	echo file >.gitignore &&
 	git stash save "rm and ignore" &&
 	test bar = "$(cat file)" &&
-	test file = "$(cat .gitignore)"
+	test file = "$(cat .gitignore)" &&
 	git stash apply &&
 	! test -r file &&
 	test file = "$(cat .gitignore)"
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@
 	git add .gitignore &&
 	git stash save "rm and ignore (stage .gitignore)" &&
 	test bar = "$(cat file)" &&
-	! test -r .gitignore
+	! test -r .gitignore &&
 	git stash apply &&
 	! test -r file &&
 	test file = "$(cat .gitignore)"
diff --git a/t/t3904-stash-patch.sh b/t/t3904-stash-patch.sh
index d1819ca..1e7193a 100755
--- a/t/t3904-stash-patch.sh
+++ b/t/t3904-stash-patch.sh
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 # note: bar sorts before dir, so the first 'n' is always to skip 'bar'
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'saying "n" does nothing' '
-	set_state dir/foo work index
+	set_state dir/foo work index &&
 	(echo n; echo n) | test_must_fail git stash save -p &&
 	verify_state dir/foo work index &&
 	verify_saved_state bar
diff --git a/t/t4002-diff-basic.sh b/t/t4002-diff-basic.sh
index 73441a5..9fb8ca0 100755
--- a/t/t4002-diff-basic.sh
+++ b/t/t4002-diff-basic.sh
@@ -205,8 +205,8 @@
     'rm -fr Z [A-Z][A-Z] &&
      git read-tree $tree_A &&
      git checkout-index -f -a &&
-     git read-tree --reset $tree_O || return 1
-     git update-index --refresh >/dev/null ;# this can exit non-zero
+     git read-tree --reset $tree_O &&
+     test_must_fail git update-index --refresh -q &&
      git diff-files >.test-a &&
      cmp_diff_files_output .test-a .test-recursive-OA'
 
@@ -215,8 +215,8 @@
     'rm -fr Z [A-Z][A-Z] &&
      git read-tree $tree_B &&
      git checkout-index -f -a &&
-     git read-tree --reset $tree_O || return 1
-     git update-index --refresh >/dev/null ;# this can exit non-zero
+     git read-tree --reset $tree_O &&
+     test_must_fail git update-index --refresh -q &&
      git diff-files >.test-a &&
      cmp_diff_files_output .test-a .test-recursive-OB'
 
@@ -225,8 +225,8 @@
     'rm -fr Z [A-Z][A-Z] &&
      git read-tree $tree_B &&
      git checkout-index -f -a &&
-     git read-tree --reset $tree_A || return 1
-     git update-index --refresh >/dev/null ;# this can exit non-zero
+     git read-tree --reset $tree_A &&
+     test_must_fail git update-index --refresh -q &&
      git diff-files >.test-a &&
      cmp_diff_files_output .test-a .test-recursive-AB'
 
diff --git a/t/t4008-diff-break-rewrite.sh b/t/t4008-diff-break-rewrite.sh
index e19ca65..d79d9e1e 100755
--- a/t/t4008-diff-break-rewrite.sh
+++ b/t/t4008-diff-break-rewrite.sh
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@
      git checkout-index -f -u -a &&
      sed -e "s/git/GIT/" file0 >file1 &&
      sed -e "s/git/GET/" file0 >file2 &&
-     rm -f file0
+     rm -f file0 &&
      git update-index --add --remove file0 file1 file2'
 
 test_expect_success \
diff --git a/t/t4013-diff-various.sh b/t/t4013-diff-various.sh
index 19857f4..9a66520 100755
--- a/t/t4013-diff-various.sh
+++ b/t/t4013-diff-various.sh
@@ -210,6 +210,9 @@
 log -SF master
 log -S F master
 log -SF -p master
+log -GF master
+log -GF -p master
+log -GF -p --pickaxe-all master
 log --decorate --all
 log --decorate=full --all
 
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_-GF_-p_--pickaxe-all_master b/t/t4013/diff.log_-GF_-p_--pickaxe-all_master
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d36f880
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_-GF_-p_--pickaxe-all_master
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+$ git log -GF -p --pickaxe-all master
+commit 9a6d4949b6b76956d9d5e26f2791ec2ceff5fdc0
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Third
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 8422d40..cead32e 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -2,3 +2,5 @@ A
+ B
+ C
+ D
++E
++F
+diff --git a/file1 b/file1
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..b1e6722
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file1
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++A
++B
++C
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_-GF_-p_master b/t/t4013/diff.log_-GF_-p_master
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9d93f2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_-GF_-p_master
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+$ git log -GF -p master
+commit 9a6d4949b6b76956d9d5e26f2791ec2ceff5fdc0
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Third
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 8422d40..cead32e 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -2,3 +2,5 @@ A
+ B
+ C
+ D
++E
++F
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_-GF_master b/t/t4013/diff.log_-GF_master
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c6708d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_-GF_master
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+$ git log -GF master
+commit 9a6d4949b6b76956d9d5e26f2791ec2ceff5fdc0
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Third
+$
diff --git a/t/t4014-format-patch.sh b/t/t4014-format-patch.sh
index f87434b..027c13d 100755
--- a/t/t4014-format-patch.sh
+++ b/t/t4014-format-patch.sh
@@ -6,30 +6,36 @@
 test_description='various format-patch tests'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-terminal.sh
 
 test_expect_success setup '
 
 	for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10; do echo "$i"; done >file &&
 	cat file >elif &&
 	git add file elif &&
+	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m Initial &&
 	git checkout -b side &&
 
 	for i in 1 2 5 6 A B C 7 8 9 10; do echo "$i"; done >file &&
 	test_chmod +x elif &&
+	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m "Side changes #1" &&
 
 	for i in D E F; do echo "$i"; done >>file &&
 	git update-index file &&
+	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m "Side changes #2" &&
 	git tag C2 &&
 
 	for i in 5 6 1 2 3 A 4 B C 7 8 9 10 D E F; do echo "$i"; done >file &&
 	git update-index file &&
+	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m "Side changes #3 with \\n backslash-n in it." &&
 
 	git checkout master &&
 	git diff-tree -p C2 | git apply --index &&
+	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m "Master accepts moral equivalent of #2"
 
 '
@@ -51,6 +57,22 @@
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success "format-patch doesn't consider merge commits" '
+
+	git checkout -b slave master &&
+	echo "Another line" >>file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -am "Slave change #1" &&
+	echo "Yet another line" >>file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -am "Slave change #2" &&
+	git checkout -b merger master &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git merge --no-ff slave &&
+	cnt=`git format-patch -3 --stdout | grep "^From " | wc -l` &&
+	test $cnt = 3
+'
+
 test_expect_success "format-patch result applies" '
 
 	git checkout -b rebuild-0 master &&
@@ -665,4 +687,26 @@
 	! grep "^-- \$" output
 '
 
+test_expect_success TTY 'format-patch --stdout paginates' '
+	rm -f pager_used &&
+	(
+		GIT_PAGER="wc >pager_used" &&
+		export GIT_PAGER &&
+		test_terminal git format-patch --stdout --all
+	) &&
+	test_path_is_file pager_used
+'
+
+ test_expect_success TTY 'format-patch --stdout pagination can be disabled' '
+	rm -f pager_used &&
+	(
+		GIT_PAGER="wc >pager_used" &&
+		export GIT_PAGER &&
+		test_terminal git --no-pager format-patch --stdout --all &&
+		test_terminal git -c "pager.format-patch=false" format-patch --stdout --all
+	) &&
+	test_path_is_missing pager_used &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/pager_used
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4015-diff-whitespace.sh b/t/t4015-diff-whitespace.sh
index a8736f7..9059bcd 100755
--- a/t/t4015-diff-whitespace.sh
+++ b/t/t4015-diff-whitespace.sh
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'check spaces as indentation (indent-with-non-tab: off)' '
 
-	git config core.whitespace "-indent-with-non-tab"
+	git config core.whitespace "-indent-with-non-tab" &&
 	echo "        foo ();" > x &&
 	git diff --check
 
@@ -344,6 +344,13 @@
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'ditto, but tabwidth=9' '
+
+	git config core.whitespace "indent-with-non-tab,tabwidth=9" &&
+	git diff --check
+
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'check tabs and spaces as indentation (indent-with-non-tab: on)' '
 
 	git config core.whitespace "indent-with-non-tab" &&
@@ -352,6 +359,20 @@
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'ditto, but tabwidth=10' '
+
+	git config core.whitespace "indent-with-non-tab,tabwidth=10" &&
+	test_must_fail git diff --check
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ditto, but tabwidth=20' '
+
+	git config core.whitespace "indent-with-non-tab,tabwidth=20" &&
+	git diff --check
+
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'check tabs as indentation (tab-in-indent: off)' '
 
 	git config core.whitespace "-tab-in-indent" &&
@@ -376,6 +397,13 @@
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'ditto, but tabwidth=1 (must be irrelevant)' '
+
+	git config core.whitespace "tab-in-indent,tabwidth=1" &&
+	test_must_fail git diff --check
+
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'check tab-in-indent and indent-with-non-tab conflict' '
 
 	git config core.whitespace "tab-in-indent,indent-with-non-tab" &&
diff --git a/t/t4017-diff-retval.sh b/t/t4017-diff-retval.sh
index 6158985..95a7ca7 100755
--- a/t/t4017-diff-retval.sh
+++ b/t/t4017-diff-retval.sh
@@ -29,66 +29,49 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git diff-tree HEAD^ HEAD' '
-	git diff-tree --exit-code HEAD^ HEAD
-	test $? = 1
+	test_expect_code 1 git diff-tree --exit-code HEAD^ HEAD
 '
 test_expect_success 'git diff-tree HEAD^ HEAD -- a' '
 	git diff-tree --exit-code HEAD^ HEAD -- a
-	test $? = 0
 '
 test_expect_success 'git diff-tree HEAD^ HEAD -- b' '
-	git diff-tree --exit-code HEAD^ HEAD -- b
-	test $? = 1
+	test_expect_code 1 git diff-tree --exit-code HEAD^ HEAD -- b
 '
 test_expect_success 'echo HEAD | git diff-tree --stdin' '
-	echo $(git rev-parse HEAD) | git diff-tree --exit-code --stdin
-	test $? = 1
+	echo $(git rev-parse HEAD) | test_expect_code 1 git diff-tree --exit-code --stdin
 '
 test_expect_success 'git diff-tree HEAD HEAD' '
 	git diff-tree --exit-code HEAD HEAD
-	test $? = 0
 '
 test_expect_success 'git diff-files' '
 	git diff-files --exit-code
-	test $? = 0
 '
 test_expect_success 'git diff-index --cached HEAD' '
 	git diff-index --exit-code --cached HEAD
-	test $? = 0
 '
 test_expect_success 'git diff-index --cached HEAD^' '
-	git diff-index --exit-code --cached HEAD^
-	test $? = 1
+	test_expect_code 1 git diff-index --exit-code --cached HEAD^
 '
 test_expect_success 'git diff-index --cached HEAD^' '
 	echo text >>b &&
 	echo 3 >c &&
-	git add . && {
-		git diff-index --exit-code --cached HEAD^
-		test $? = 1
-	}
+	git add . &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git diff-index --exit-code --cached HEAD^
 '
 test_expect_success 'git diff-tree -Stext HEAD^ HEAD -- b' '
-	git commit -m "text in b" && {
-		git diff-tree -p --exit-code -Stext HEAD^ HEAD -- b
-		test $? = 1
-	}
+	git commit -m "text in b" &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git diff-tree -p --exit-code -Stext HEAD^ HEAD -- b
 '
 test_expect_success 'git diff-tree -Snot-found HEAD^ HEAD -- b' '
 	git diff-tree -p --exit-code -Snot-found HEAD^ HEAD -- b
-	test $? = 0
 '
 test_expect_success 'git diff-files' '
-	echo 3 >>c && {
-		git diff-files --exit-code
-		test $? = 1
-	}
+	echo 3 >>c &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git diff-files --exit-code
 '
 test_expect_success 'git diff-index --cached HEAD' '
-	git update-index c && {
-		git diff-index --exit-code --cached HEAD
-		test $? = 1
-	}
+	git update-index c &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git diff-index --exit-code --cached HEAD
 '
 
 test_expect_success '--check --exit-code returns 0 for no difference' '
@@ -100,30 +83,26 @@
 test_expect_success '--check --exit-code returns 1 for a clean difference' '
 
 	echo "good" > a &&
-	git diff --check --exit-code
-	test $? = 1
+	test_expect_code 1 git diff --check --exit-code
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success '--check --exit-code returns 3 for a dirty difference' '
 
 	echo "bad   " >> a &&
-	git diff --check --exit-code
-	test $? = 3
+	test_expect_code 3 git diff --check --exit-code
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success '--check with --no-pager returns 2 for dirty difference' '
 
-	git --no-pager diff --check
-	test $? = 2
+	test_expect_code 2 git --no-pager diff --check
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'check should test not just the last line' '
 	echo "" >>a &&
-	git --no-pager diff --check
-	test $? = 2
+	test_expect_code 2 git --no-pager diff --check
 
 '
 
@@ -133,10 +112,8 @@
 	echo binary >>b &&
 	git commit -m "side" b &&
 	test_must_fail git merge master &&
-	git add b && (
-		git --no-pager diff --cached --check >test.out
-		test $? = 2
-	) &&
+	git add b &&
+	test_expect_code 2 git --no-pager diff --cached --check >test.out &&
 	test 3 = $(grep "conflict marker" test.out | wc -l) &&
 	git reset --hard
 '
@@ -146,19 +123,13 @@
 	echo ">>>>>>> boo" >>b &&
 	echo "======" >>a &&
 	git diff --check a &&
-	(
-		git diff --check b
-		test $? = 2
-	) &&
+	test_expect_code 2 git diff --check b &&
 	git reset --hard &&
 	echo ">>>>>>>> boo" >>b &&
 	echo "========" >>a &&
 	git diff --check &&
 	echo "b conflict-marker-size=8" >.gitattributes &&
-	(
-		git diff --check b
-		test $? = 2
-	) &&
+	test_expect_code 2 git diff --check b &&
 	git diff --check a &&
 	git reset --hard
 '
diff --git a/t/t4019-diff-wserror.sh b/t/t4019-diff-wserror.sh
index 87df0ae..a501975 100755
--- a/t/t4019-diff-wserror.sh
+++ b/t/t4019-diff-wserror.sh
@@ -36,11 +36,12 @@
 	git diff --color >output
 	$grep_a "$blue_grep" output >error
 	$grep_a -v "$blue_grep" output >normal
+	return 0
 }
 
 test_expect_success default '
 
-	prepare_output
+	prepare_output &&
 
 	grep Eight normal >/dev/null &&
 	grep HT error >/dev/null &&
@@ -50,10 +51,67 @@
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'default (attribute)' '
+
+	test_might_fail git config --unset core.whitespace &&
+	echo "F whitespace" >.gitattributes &&
+	prepare_output &&
+
+	grep Eight error >/dev/null &&
+	grep HT error >/dev/null &&
+	grep With error >/dev/null &&
+	grep Return error >/dev/null &&
+	grep No normal >/dev/null
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'default, tabwidth=10 (attribute)' '
+
+	git config core.whitespace "tabwidth=10" &&
+	echo "F whitespace" >.gitattributes &&
+	prepare_output &&
+
+	grep Eight normal >/dev/null &&
+	grep HT error >/dev/null &&
+	grep With error >/dev/null &&
+	grep Return error >/dev/null &&
+	grep No normal >/dev/null
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no check (attribute)' '
+
+	test_might_fail git config --unset core.whitespace &&
+	echo "F -whitespace" >.gitattributes &&
+	prepare_output &&
+
+	grep Eight normal >/dev/null &&
+	grep HT normal >/dev/null &&
+	grep With normal >/dev/null &&
+	grep Return normal >/dev/null &&
+	grep No normal >/dev/null
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no check, tabwidth=10 (attribute), must be irrelevant' '
+
+	git config core.whitespace "tabwidth=10" &&
+	echo "F -whitespace" >.gitattributes &&
+	prepare_output &&
+
+	grep Eight normal >/dev/null &&
+	grep HT normal >/dev/null &&
+	grep With normal >/dev/null &&
+	grep Return normal >/dev/null &&
+	grep No normal >/dev/null
+
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'without -trail' '
 
-	git config core.whitespace -trail
-	prepare_output
+	rm -f .gitattributes &&
+	git config core.whitespace -trail &&
+	prepare_output &&
 
 	grep Eight normal >/dev/null &&
 	grep HT error >/dev/null &&
@@ -65,9 +123,9 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'without -trail (attribute)' '
 
-	git config --unset core.whitespace
-	echo "F whitespace=-trail" >.gitattributes
-	prepare_output
+	test_might_fail git config --unset core.whitespace &&
+	echo "F whitespace=-trail" >.gitattributes &&
+	prepare_output &&
 
 	grep Eight normal >/dev/null &&
 	grep HT error >/dev/null &&
@@ -79,9 +137,9 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'without -space' '
 
-	rm -f .gitattributes
-	git config core.whitespace -space
-	prepare_output
+	rm -f .gitattributes &&
+	git config core.whitespace -space &&
+	prepare_output &&
 
 	grep Eight normal >/dev/null &&
 	grep HT normal >/dev/null &&
@@ -93,9 +151,9 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'without -space (attribute)' '
 
-	git config --unset core.whitespace
-	echo "F whitespace=-space" >.gitattributes
-	prepare_output
+	test_might_fail git config --unset core.whitespace &&
+	echo "F whitespace=-space" >.gitattributes &&
+	prepare_output &&
 
 	grep Eight normal >/dev/null &&
 	grep HT normal >/dev/null &&
@@ -107,9 +165,9 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'with indent-non-tab only' '
 
-	rm -f .gitattributes
-	git config core.whitespace indent,-trailing,-space
-	prepare_output
+	rm -f .gitattributes &&
+	git config core.whitespace indent,-trailing,-space &&
+	prepare_output &&
 
 	grep Eight error >/dev/null &&
 	grep HT normal >/dev/null &&
@@ -121,9 +179,9 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'with indent-non-tab only (attribute)' '
 
-	git config --unset core.whitespace
-	echo "F whitespace=indent,-trailing,-space" >.gitattributes
-	prepare_output
+	test_might_fail git config --unset core.whitespace &&
+	echo "F whitespace=indent,-trailing,-space" >.gitattributes &&
+	prepare_output &&
 
 	grep Eight error >/dev/null &&
 	grep HT normal >/dev/null &&
@@ -133,11 +191,39 @@
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'with indent-non-tab only, tabwidth=10' '
+
+	rm -f .gitattributes &&
+	git config core.whitespace indent,tabwidth=10,-trailing,-space &&
+	prepare_output &&
+
+	grep Eight normal >/dev/null &&
+	grep HT normal >/dev/null &&
+	grep With normal >/dev/null &&
+	grep Return normal >/dev/null &&
+	grep No normal >/dev/null
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with indent-non-tab only, tabwidth=10 (attribute)' '
+
+	test_might_fail git config --unset core.whitespace &&
+	echo "F whitespace=indent,-trailing,-space,tabwidth=10" >.gitattributes &&
+	prepare_output &&
+
+	grep Eight normal >/dev/null &&
+	grep HT normal >/dev/null &&
+	grep With normal >/dev/null &&
+	grep Return normal >/dev/null &&
+	grep No normal >/dev/null
+
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'with cr-at-eol' '
 
-	rm -f .gitattributes
-	git config core.whitespace cr-at-eol
-	prepare_output
+	rm -f .gitattributes &&
+	git config core.whitespace cr-at-eol &&
+	prepare_output &&
 
 	grep Eight normal >/dev/null &&
 	grep HT error >/dev/null &&
@@ -149,9 +235,9 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'with cr-at-eol (attribute)' '
 
-	git config --unset core.whitespace
-	echo "F whitespace=trailing,cr-at-eol" >.gitattributes
-	prepare_output
+	test_might_fail git config --unset core.whitespace &&
+	echo "F whitespace=trailing,cr-at-eol" >.gitattributes &&
+	prepare_output &&
 
 	grep Eight normal >/dev/null &&
 	grep HT error >/dev/null &&
@@ -188,11 +274,11 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'do not color trailing cr in context' '
-	git config --unset core.whitespace
+	test_might_fail git config --unset core.whitespace &&
 	rm -f .gitattributes &&
 	echo AAAQ | tr Q "\015" >G &&
 	git add G &&
-	echo BBBQ | tr Q "\015" >>G
+	echo BBBQ | tr Q "\015" >>G &&
 	git diff --color G | tr "\015" Q >output &&
 	grep "BBB.*${blue_grep}Q" output &&
 	grep "AAA.*\[mQ" output
diff --git a/t/t4021-format-patch-numbered.sh b/t/t4021-format-patch-numbered.sh
index 709b323..886494b 100755
--- a/t/t4021-format-patch-numbered.sh
+++ b/t/t4021-format-patch-numbered.sh
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'format.numbered = auto' '
 
-	git config format.numbered auto
+	git config format.numbered auto &&
 	git format-patch --stdout HEAD~2 > patch5 &&
 	test_numbered patch5
 
diff --git a/t/t4026-color.sh b/t/t4026-color.sh
index d5ccdd0..3726a0e 100755
--- a/t/t4026-color.sh
+++ b/t/t4026-color.sh
@@ -74,7 +74,6 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'unknown color slots are ignored (diff)' '
-	git config --unset diff.color.new
 	git config color.diff.nosuchslotwilleverbedefined white &&
 	git diff --color
 '
diff --git a/t/t4027-diff-submodule.sh b/t/t4027-diff-submodule.sh
index d99814a..241a74d 100755
--- a/t/t4027-diff-submodule.sh
+++ b/t/t4027-diff-submodule.sh
@@ -316,11 +316,11 @@
 test_expect_success 'conflicted submodule setup' '
 
 	# 39 efs
-	c=fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
+	c=fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff &&
 	(
-		echo "000000 $_z40 0	sub"
-		echo "160000 1$c 1	sub"
-		echo "160000 2$c 2	sub"
+		echo "000000 $_z40 0	sub" &&
+		echo "160000 1$c 1	sub" &&
+		echo "160000 2$c 2	sub" &&
 		echo "160000 3$c 3	sub"
 	) | git update-index --index-info &&
 	echo >expect.nosub '\''diff --cc sub
diff --git a/t/t4034-diff-words.sh b/t/t4034-diff-words.sh
index 3f3c757..8096d8a 100755
--- a/t/t4034-diff-words.sh
+++ b/t/t4034-diff-words.sh
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@
 
 test_expect_success setup '
 
-	git config diff.color.old red
-	git config diff.color.new green
+	git config diff.color.old red &&
+	git config diff.color.new green &&
 	git config diff.color.func magenta
 
 '
diff --git a/t/t4041-diff-submodule-option.sh b/t/t4041-diff-submodule-option.sh
index 995bdfa..bf9a752 100755
--- a/t/t4041-diff-submodule-option.sh
+++ b/t/t4041-diff-submodule-option.sh
@@ -37,9 +37,10 @@
 test_expect_success 'added submodule' "
 	git add sm1 &&
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
-	diff actual - <<-EOF
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 Submodule sm1 0000000...$head1 (new submodule)
 EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 commit_file sm1 &&
@@ -47,33 +48,36 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'modified submodule(forward)' "
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
-	diff actual - <<-EOF
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 Submodule sm1 $head1..$head2:
   > Add foo3
 EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 test_expect_success 'modified submodule(forward)' "
 	git diff --submodule=log >actual &&
-	diff actual - <<-EOF
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 Submodule sm1 $head1..$head2:
   > Add foo3
 EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 test_expect_success 'modified submodule(forward) --submodule' "
 	git diff --submodule >actual &&
-	diff actual - <<-EOF
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 Submodule sm1 $head1..$head2:
   > Add foo3
 EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 fullhead1=$(cd sm1; git rev-list --max-count=1 $head1)
 fullhead2=$(cd sm1; git rev-list --max-count=1 $head2)
 test_expect_success 'modified submodule(forward) --submodule=short' "
 	git diff --submodule=short >actual &&
-	diff actual - <<-EOF
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
 index $head1..$head2 160000
 --- a/sm1
@@ -82,6 +86,7 @@
 -Subproject commit $fullhead1
 +Subproject commit $fullhead2
 EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 commit_file sm1 &&
@@ -93,24 +98,26 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'modified submodule(backward)' "
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
-	diff actual - <<-EOF
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 Submodule sm1 $head2..$head3 (rewind):
   < Add foo3
   < Add foo2
 EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 head4=$(add_file sm1 foo4 foo5) &&
 head4_full=$(GIT_DIR=sm1/.git git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
 test_expect_success 'modified submodule(backward and forward)' "
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
-	diff actual - <<-EOF
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 Submodule sm1 $head2...$head4:
   > Add foo5
   > Add foo4
   < Add foo3
   < Add foo2
 EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 commit_file sm1 &&
@@ -123,7 +130,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(submodule->blob), --cached' "
 	git diff --submodule=log --cached >actual &&
-	diff actual - <<-EOF
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 Submodule sm1 41fbea9...0000000 (submodule deleted)
 diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
 new file mode 100644
@@ -133,11 +140,12 @@
 @@ -0,0 +1 @@
 +sm1
 EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(submodule->blob)' "
 	git diff --submodule=log >actual &&
-	diff actual - <<-EOF
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
 deleted file mode 100644
 index 9da5fb8..0000000
@@ -147,13 +155,14 @@
 -sm1
 Submodule sm1 0000000...$head4 (new submodule)
 EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 rm -rf sm1 &&
 git checkout-index sm1
 test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(submodule->blob)' "
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
-	diff actual - <<-EOF
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 Submodule sm1 $head4...0000000 (submodule deleted)
 diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
 new file mode 100644
@@ -163,6 +172,7 @@
 @@ -0,0 +1 @@
 +sm1
 EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 rm -f sm1 &&
@@ -171,15 +181,16 @@
 fullhead6=$(cd sm1; git rev-list --max-count=1 $head6)
 test_expect_success 'nonexistent commit' "
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
-	diff actual - <<-EOF
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 Submodule sm1 $head4...$head6 (commits not present)
 EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 commit_file
 test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(blob->submodule)' "
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
-	diff actual - <<-EOF
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
 deleted file mode 100644
 index $head5..0000000
@@ -189,21 +200,24 @@
 -sm1
 Submodule sm1 0000000...$head6 (new submodule)
 EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 commit_file sm1 &&
 test_expect_success 'submodule is up to date' "
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
-	diff actual - <<-EOF
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked content' "
 	echo new > sm1/new-file &&
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
-	diff actual - <<-EOF
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 Submodule sm1 contains untracked content
 EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked content (untracked ignored)' "
@@ -224,18 +238,20 @@
 test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked and modifed content' "
 	echo new > sm1/foo6 &&
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
-	diff actual - <<-EOF
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 Submodule sm1 contains untracked content
 Submodule sm1 contains modified content
 EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked and modifed content (untracked ignored)' "
 	echo new > sm1/foo6 &&
 	git diff-index -p --ignore-submodules=untracked --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
-	diff actual - <<-EOF
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 Submodule sm1 contains modified content
 EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked and modifed content (dirty ignored)' "
@@ -253,45 +269,50 @@
 test_expect_success 'submodule contains modifed content' "
 	rm -f sm1/new-file &&
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
-	diff actual - <<-EOF
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 Submodule sm1 contains modified content
 EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 (cd sm1; git commit -mchange foo6 >/dev/null) &&
 head8=$(cd sm1; git rev-parse --verify HEAD | cut -c1-7) &&
 test_expect_success 'submodule is modified' "
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
-	diff actual - <<-EOF
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
   > change
 EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked content' "
 	echo new > sm1/new-file &&
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
-	diff actual - <<-EOF
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 Submodule sm1 contains untracked content
 Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
   > change
 EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked content (untracked ignored)' "
 	git diff-index -p --ignore-submodules=untracked --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
-	diff actual - <<-EOF
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
   > change
 EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked content (dirty ignored)' "
 	git diff-index -p --ignore-submodules=dirty --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
-	diff actual - <<-EOF
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
   > change
 EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked content (all ignored)' "
@@ -302,31 +323,34 @@
 test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked and modifed content' "
 	echo modification >> sm1/foo6 &&
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
-	diff actual - <<-EOF
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 Submodule sm1 contains untracked content
 Submodule sm1 contains modified content
 Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
   > change
 EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked and modifed content (untracked ignored)' "
 	echo modification >> sm1/foo6 &&
 	git diff-index -p --ignore-submodules=untracked --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
-	diff actual - <<-EOF
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 Submodule sm1 contains modified content
 Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
   > change
 EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked and modifed content (dirty ignored)' "
 	echo modification >> sm1/foo6 &&
 	git diff-index -p --ignore-submodules=dirty --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
-	diff actual - <<-EOF
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
   > change
 EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked and modifed content (all ignored)' "
@@ -338,19 +362,21 @@
 test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains modifed content' "
 	rm -f sm1/new-file &&
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
-	diff actual - <<-EOF
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 Submodule sm1 contains modified content
 Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
   > change
 EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 rm -rf sm1
 test_expect_success 'deleted submodule' "
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
-	diff actual - <<-EOF
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 Submodule sm1 $head6...0000000 (submodule deleted)
 EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 test_create_repo sm2 &&
@@ -359,41 +385,45 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'multiple submodules' "
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
-	diff actual - <<-EOF
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 Submodule sm1 $head6...0000000 (submodule deleted)
 Submodule sm2 0000000...$head7 (new submodule)
 EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 test_expect_success 'path filter' "
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD sm2 >actual &&
-	diff actual - <<-EOF
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 Submodule sm2 0000000...$head7 (new submodule)
 EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 commit_file sm2
 test_expect_success 'given commit' "
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD^ >actual &&
-	diff actual - <<-EOF
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 Submodule sm1 $head6...0000000 (submodule deleted)
 Submodule sm2 0000000...$head7 (new submodule)
 EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 test_expect_success 'given commit --submodule' "
 	git diff-index -p --submodule HEAD^ >actual &&
-	diff actual - <<-EOF
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 Submodule sm1 $head6...0000000 (submodule deleted)
 Submodule sm2 0000000...$head7 (new submodule)
 EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 fullhead7=$(cd sm2; git rev-list --max-count=1 $head7)
 
 test_expect_success 'given commit --submodule=short' "
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=short HEAD^ >actual &&
-	diff actual - <<-EOF
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
 deleted file mode 160000
 index $head6..0000000
@@ -409,6 +439,7 @@
 @@ -0,0 +1 @@
 +Subproject commit $fullhead7
 EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 test_expect_success 'setup .git file for sm2' '
@@ -420,10 +451,11 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'diff --submodule with .git file' '
 	git diff --submodule HEAD^ >actual &&
-	diff actual - <<-EOF
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 Submodule sm1 $head6...0000000 (submodule deleted)
 Submodule sm2 0000000...$head7 (new submodule)
 EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4103-apply-binary.sh b/t/t4103-apply-binary.sh
index 08ad6d8..dbbf56c 100755
--- a/t/t4103-apply-binary.sh
+++ b/t/t4103-apply-binary.sh
@@ -50,11 +50,11 @@
 "
 
 test_expect_success 'stat binary diff -- should not fail.' \
-	'git checkout master
+	'git checkout master &&
 	 git apply --stat --summary B.diff'
 
 test_expect_success 'stat binary diff (copy) -- should not fail.' \
-	'git checkout master
+	'git checkout master &&
 	 git apply --stat --summary C.diff'
 
 test_expect_success 'check binary diff -- should fail.' \
@@ -78,11 +78,11 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'check binary diff with replacement.' \
-	'git checkout master
+	'git checkout master &&
 	 git apply --check --allow-binary-replacement BF.diff'
 
 test_expect_success 'check binary diff with replacement (copy).' \
-	'git checkout master
+	'git checkout master &&
 	 git apply --check --allow-binary-replacement CF.diff'
 
 # Now we start applying them.
diff --git a/t/t4111-apply-subdir.sh b/t/t4111-apply-subdir.sh
index a52d94a..7c39843 100755
--- a/t/t4111-apply-subdir.sh
+++ b/t/t4111-apply-subdir.sh
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'apply from .git dir' '
 	cp postimage expected &&
 	cp preimage .git/file &&
-	cp preimage .git/objects/file
+	cp preimage .git/objects/file &&
 	(
 		cd .git &&
 		git apply "$patch"
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'apply from subdir of .git dir' '
 	cp postimage expected &&
 	cp preimage .git/file &&
-	cp preimage .git/objects/file
+	cp preimage .git/objects/file &&
 	(
 		cd .git/objects &&
 		git apply "$patch"
diff --git a/t/t4119-apply-config.sh b/t/t4119-apply-config.sh
index 3c73a78..3d0384d 100755
--- a/t/t4119-apply-config.sh
+++ b/t/t4119-apply-config.sh
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'apply --whitespace=strip in subdir' '
 
 	cd "$D" &&
-	git config --unset-all apply.whitespace
+	git config --unset-all apply.whitespace &&
 	rm -f sub/file1 &&
 	cp saved sub/file1 &&
 	git update-index --refresh &&
diff --git a/t/t4124-apply-ws-rule.sh b/t/t4124-apply-ws-rule.sh
index 8a676a5..6f6ee88 100755
--- a/t/t4124-apply-ws-rule.sh
+++ b/t/t4124-apply-ws-rule.sh
@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@
 	#       X  RULE
 	#   	!  trailing-space
 	#   	@  space-before-tab
-	#   	#  indent-with-non-tab
+	#   	#  indent-with-non-tab (default tab width 8)
+	#	=  indent-with-non-tab,tabwidth=16
 	#   	%  tab-in-indent
 	sed -e "s/_/ /g" -e "s/>/	/" <<-\EOF
 		An_SP in an ordinary line>and a HT.
@@ -25,8 +26,8 @@
 		________>_Eight SP, a HT and a SP (@#%).
 		_______________Fifteen SP (#).
 		_______________>Fifteen SP and a HT (@#%).
-		________________Sixteen SP (#).
-		________________>Sixteen SP and a HT (@#%).
+		________________Sixteen SP (#=).
+		________________>Sixteen SP and a HT (@#%=).
 		_____a__Five SP, a non WS, two SP.
 		A line with a (!) trailing SP_
 		A line with a (!) trailing HT>
@@ -121,6 +122,34 @@
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'spaces inserted by tab-in-indent' '
+
+	git config core.whitespace -trailing,-space,-indent,tab &&
+	rm -f .gitattributes &&
+	test_fix % &&
+	sed -e "s/_/ /g" -e "s/>/	/" <<-\EOF >expect &&
+		An_SP in an ordinary line>and a HT.
+		________A HT (%).
+		________A SP and a HT (@%).
+		_________A SP, a HT and a SP (@%).
+		_______Seven SP.
+		________Eight SP (#).
+		________Seven SP and a HT (@%).
+		________________Eight SP and a HT (@#%).
+		_________Seven SP, a HT and a SP (@%).
+		_________________Eight SP, a HT and a SP (@#%).
+		_______________Fifteen SP (#).
+		________________Fifteen SP and a HT (@#%).
+		________________Sixteen SP (#=).
+		________________________Sixteen SP and a HT (@#%=).
+		_____a__Five SP, a non WS, two SP.
+		A line with a (!) trailing SP_
+		A line with a (!) trailing HT>
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect target
+
+'
+
 for t in - ''
 do
 	case "$t" in '') tt='!' ;; *) tt= ;; esac
@@ -129,7 +158,7 @@
 		case "$s" in '') ts='@' ;; *) ts= ;; esac
 		for i in - ''
 		do
-			case "$i" in '') ti='#' ;; *) ti= ;; esac
+			case "$i" in '') ti='#' ti16='=';; *) ti= ti16= ;; esac
 			for h in - ''
 			do
 				[ -z "$h$i" ] && continue
@@ -142,12 +171,22 @@
 					test_fix "$tt$ts$ti$th"
 				'
 
+				test_expect_success "rule=$rule,tabwidth=16" '
+					git config core.whitespace "$rule,tabwidth=16" &&
+					test_fix "$tt$ts$ti16$th"
+				'
+
 				test_expect_success "rule=$rule (attributes)" '
 					git config --unset core.whitespace &&
 					echo "target whitespace=$rule" >.gitattributes &&
 					test_fix "$tt$ts$ti$th"
 				'
 
+				test_expect_success "rule=$rule,tabwidth=16 (attributes)" '
+					echo "target whitespace=$rule,tabwidth=16" >.gitattributes &&
+					test_fix "$tt$ts$ti16$th"
+				'
+
 			done
 		done
 	done
@@ -176,9 +215,8 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'blank at EOF with --whitespace=fix (1)' '
-	: these can fail depending on what we did before
-	git config --unset core.whitespace
-	rm -f .gitattributes
+	test_might_fail git config --unset core.whitespace &&
+	rm -f .gitattributes &&
 
 	{ echo a; echo b; echo c; } >one &&
 	git add one &&
@@ -368,7 +406,7 @@
 	git diff -- one >patch &&
 
 	echo a >one &&
-	test_must_fail git apply patch
+	test_must_fail git apply patch &&
 	test_must_fail git apply --whitespace=fix patch &&
 	test_must_fail git apply --ignore-space-change --whitespace=fix patch
 '
@@ -419,7 +457,7 @@
 	printf "b\r\n" >>one &&
 	printf "c\r\n" >>one &&
 	cp one save-one &&
-	printf "                 \r\n" >>one
+	printf "                 \r\n" >>one &&
 	git add one &&
 	printf "d\r\n" >>one &&
 	cp one expect &&
@@ -436,7 +474,7 @@
 	printf "b\r\n" >>one &&
 	printf "c\r\n" >>one &&
 	cp one save-one &&
-	printf "                 \r\n" >>one
+	printf "                 \r\n" >>one &&
 	git add one &&
 	cp one expect &&
 	printf "d\r\n" >>one &&
diff --git a/t/t4127-apply-same-fn.sh b/t/t4127-apply-same-fn.sh
index 77200c0..972946c 100755
--- a/t/t4127-apply-same-fn.sh
+++ b/t/t4127-apply-same-fn.sh
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'apply same filename with overlapping changes' '
-	git reset --hard
+	git reset --hard &&
 	modify "s/^d/z/" same_fn &&
 	git diff > patch0 &&
 	git add same_fn &&
@@ -44,8 +44,8 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'apply same new filename after rename' '
-	git reset --hard
-	git mv same_fn new_fn
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git mv same_fn new_fn &&
 	modify "s/^d/z/" new_fn &&
 	git add new_fn &&
 	git diff -M --cached > patch1 &&
@@ -58,12 +58,12 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'apply same old filename after rename -- should fail.' '
-	git reset --hard
-	git mv same_fn new_fn
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git mv same_fn new_fn &&
 	modify "s/^d/z/" new_fn &&
 	git add new_fn &&
 	git diff -M --cached > patch1 &&
-	git mv new_fn same_fn
+	git mv new_fn same_fn &&
 	modify "s/^e/y/" same_fn &&
 	git diff >> patch1 &&
 	git reset --hard &&
@@ -71,13 +71,13 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'apply A->B (rename), C->A (rename), A->A -- should pass.' '
-	git reset --hard
-	git mv same_fn new_fn
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git mv same_fn new_fn &&
 	modify "s/^d/z/" new_fn &&
 	git add new_fn &&
 	git diff -M --cached > patch1 &&
 	git commit -m "a rename" &&
-	git mv other_fn same_fn
+	git mv other_fn same_fn &&
 	modify "s/^e/y/" same_fn &&
 	git add same_fn &&
 	git diff -M --cached >> patch1 &&
diff --git a/t/t4130-apply-criss-cross-rename.sh b/t/t4130-apply-criss-cross-rename.sh
index 7cfa2d6..d173acd 100755
--- a/t/t4130-apply-criss-cross-rename.sh
+++ b/t/t4130-apply-criss-cross-rename.sh
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
 	git reset --hard &&
 	mv file1 tmp &&
 	mv file2 file1 &&
-	mv file3 file2
+	mv file3 file2 &&
 	mv tmp file3 &&
 	cp file1 file1-swapped &&
 	cp file2 file2-swapped &&
diff --git a/t/t4133-apply-filenames.sh b/t/t4133-apply-filenames.sh
index 3421807..94da990 100755
--- a/t/t4133-apply-filenames.sh
+++ b/t/t4133-apply-filenames.sh
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 test_expect_success setup '
-	cat > bad1.patch <<EOF
+	cat > bad1.patch <<EOF &&
 diff --git a/f b/f
 new file mode 100644
 index 0000000..d00491f
@@ -29,9 +29,9 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'apply diff with inconsistent filenames in headers' '
-	test_must_fail git apply bad1.patch 2>err
-	grep "inconsistent new filename" err
-	test_must_fail git apply bad2.patch 2>err
+	test_must_fail git apply bad1.patch 2>err &&
+	grep "inconsistent new filename" err &&
+	test_must_fail git apply bad2.patch 2>err &&
 	grep "inconsistent old filename" err
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t4134-apply-submodule.sh b/t/t4134-apply-submodule.sh
index 1b82f93..0043930 100755
--- a/t/t4134-apply-submodule.sh
+++ b/t/t4134-apply-submodule.sh
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 test_expect_success setup '
-	cat > create-sm.patch <<EOF
+	cat > create-sm.patch <<EOF &&
 diff --git a/dir/sm b/dir/sm
 new file mode 160000
 index 0000000..0123456
diff --git a/t/t4150-am.sh b/t/t4150-am.sh
index 1c3d8ed..850fc96 100755
--- a/t/t4150-am.sh
+++ b/t/t4150-am.sh
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'am --signoff does not add Signed-off-by: line if already there' '
 	git format-patch --stdout HEAD^ >patch3 &&
-	sed -e "/^Subject/ s,\[PATCH,Re: Re: Re: & 1/5 v2," patch3 >patch4
+	sed -e "/^Subject/ s,\[PATCH,Re: Re: Re: & 1/5 v2," patch3 >patch4 &&
 	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout HEAD^ &&
diff --git a/t/t4201-shortlog.sh b/t/t4201-shortlog.sh
index cdb70b4..6872ba1 100755
--- a/t/t4201-shortlog.sh
+++ b/t/t4201-shortlog.sh
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
 		tr 1234 "\370\235\204\236")" a1 &&
 
 	echo 5 >a1 &&
-	git commit --quiet -m "a								12	34	56	78" a1
+	git commit --quiet -m "a								12	34	56	78" a1 &&
 
 	echo 6 >a1 &&
 	git commit --quiet -m "Commit by someone else" \
diff --git a/t/t4202-log.sh b/t/t4202-log.sh
index 2043bb8..2fcc31a 100755
--- a/t/t4202-log.sh
+++ b/t/t4202-log.sh
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'setup case sensitivity tests' '
 	echo case >one &&
 	test_tick &&
-	git add one
+	git add one &&
 	git commit -a -m Second
 '
 
@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@
 	test_commit octopus-b &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_commit seventh &&
-	git merge octopus-a octopus-b
+	git merge octopus-a octopus-b &&
 	git merge reach
 '
 
@@ -393,7 +393,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'log.decorate configuration' '
-	git config --unset-all log.decorate || :
+	test_might_fail git config --unset-all log.decorate &&
 
 	git log --oneline >expect.none &&
 	git log --oneline --decorate >expect.short &&
diff --git a/t/t4252-am-options.sh b/t/t4252-am-options.sh
index f603c1b..e758e63 100755
--- a/t/t4252-am-options.sh
+++ b/t/t4252-am-options.sh
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'apply to a funny path' '
-	with_sq="with'\''sq"
+	with_sq="with'\''sq" &&
 	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git reset --hard initial &&
 	git am --directory="$with_sq" "$tm"/am-test-5-2 &&
diff --git a/t/t5000-tar-tree.sh b/t/t5000-tar-tree.sh
index 27bfba5..cff1b3e 100755
--- a/t/t5000-tar-tree.sh
+++ b/t/t5000-tar-tree.sh
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@
     'git archive --output=b4.tar HEAD &&
     test_cmp b.tar b4.tar'
 
-test_expect_success 'git archive --remote' \
+test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'git archive --remote' \
     'git archive --remote=. HEAD >b5.tar &&
     test_cmp b.tar b5.tar'
 
diff --git a/t/t5300-pack-object.sh b/t/t5300-pack-object.sh
index bbb9c12..602806d 100755
--- a/t/t5300-pack-object.sh
+++ b/t/t5300-pack-object.sh
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success \
     'setup' \
-    'rm -f .git/index*
+    'rm -f .git/index* &&
      perl -e "print \"a\" x 4096;" > a &&
      perl -e "print \"b\" x 4096;" > b &&
      perl -e "print \"c\" x 4096;" > c &&
diff --git a/t/t5301-sliding-window.sh b/t/t5301-sliding-window.sh
index 0a24e61..2fc5af6 100755
--- a/t/t5301-sliding-window.sh
+++ b/t/t5301-sliding-window.sh
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success \
     'setup' \
-    'rm -f .git/index*
+    'rm -f .git/index* &&
      for i in a b c
      do
          echo $i >$i &&
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
      git repack -a -d &&
      test "`git count-objects`" = "0 objects, 0 kilobytes" &&
      pack2=`ls .git/objects/pack/*.pack` &&
-     test -f "$pack2"
+     test -f "$pack2" &&
      test "$pack1" \!= "$pack2"'
 
 test_expect_success \
diff --git a/t/t5302-pack-index.sh b/t/t5302-pack-index.sh
index fb3a270..b34ea93 100755
--- a/t/t5302-pack-index.sh
+++ b/t/t5302-pack-index.sh
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success \
     'setup' \
-    'rm -rf .git
+    'rm -rf .git &&
      git init &&
      git config pack.threads 1 &&
      i=1 &&
diff --git a/t/t5400-send-pack.sh b/t/t5400-send-pack.sh
index 5bcf0b8..b0b2684 100755
--- a/t/t5400-send-pack.sh
+++ b/t/t5400-send-pack.sh
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@
 	test "$victim_orig" = "$victim_head"
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'push --all excludes remote tracking hierarchy' '
+test_expect_success 'push --all excludes remote-tracking hierarchy' '
 	mkdir parent &&
 	(
 	    cd parent &&
diff --git a/t/t5500-fetch-pack.sh b/t/t5500-fetch-pack.sh
index 18376d6..bafcca7 100755
--- a/t/t5500-fetch-pack.sh
+++ b/t/t5500-fetch-pack.sh
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@
 		prev=$cur &&
 		cur=$(($cur+1))
 	done &&
-	add B1 $A1
+	add B1 $A1 &&
 	echo $ATIP > .git/refs/heads/A &&
 	echo $BTIP > .git/refs/heads/B &&
 	git symbolic-ref HEAD refs/heads/B
diff --git a/t/t5502-quickfetch.sh b/t/t5502-quickfetch.sh
index 1037a72..7a46cbd 100755
--- a/t/t5502-quickfetch.sh
+++ b/t/t5502-quickfetch.sh
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
 		cd cloned &&
 		git count-objects | sed -e "s/ *objects,.*//"
 	) ) &&
-	test $cnt -eq 6
+	test $cnt -eq 6 &&
 
 	blob=$(git rev-parse HEAD:file | sed -e "s|..|&/|") &&
 	test -f "cloned/.git/objects/$blob" &&
diff --git a/t/t5503-tagfollow.sh b/t/t5503-tagfollow.sh
index 8a298a6..60de2d6 100755
--- a/t/t5503-tagfollow.sh
+++ b/t/t5503-tagfollow.sh
@@ -4,14 +4,9 @@
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-case $(uname -s) in
-*MINGW*)
+if ! test_have_prereq NOT_MINGW; then
 	say "GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK not supported - skipping tests"
-	;;
-*)
-	test_set_prereq NOT_MINGW
-	;;
-esac
+fi
 
 # End state of the repository:
 #
@@ -54,7 +49,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'fetch A (new commit : 1 connection)' '
-	rm -f $U
+	rm -f $U &&
 	(
 		cd cloned &&
 		GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK=3 git fetch 3>../$U &&
@@ -87,7 +82,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'fetch C, T (new branch, tag : 1 connection)' '
-	rm -f $U
+	rm -f $U &&
 	(
 		cd cloned &&
 		GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK=3 git fetch 3>../$U &&
@@ -126,7 +121,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'fetch B, S (commit and tag : 1 connection)' '
-	rm -f $U
+	rm -f $U &&
 	(
 		cd cloned &&
 		GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK=3 git fetch 3>../$U &&
diff --git a/t/t5505-remote.sh b/t/t5505-remote.sh
index 5d1c66e..d189add 100755
--- a/t/t5505-remote.sh
+++ b/t/t5505-remote.sh
@@ -107,16 +107,18 @@
 )
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'remove remote protects non-remote branches' '
+test_expect_success 'remove remote protects local branches' '
 (
 	cd test &&
 	{ cat >expect1 <<EOF
-Note: A non-remote branch was not removed; to delete it, use:
+Note: A branch outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy was not removed;
+to delete it, use:
   git branch -d master
 EOF
 	} &&
 	{ cat >expect2 <<EOF
-Note: Non-remote branches were not removed; to delete them, use:
+Note: Some branches outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy were not removed;
+to delete them, use:
   git branch -d foobranch
   git branch -d master
 EOF
diff --git a/t/t5510-fetch.sh b/t/t5510-fetch.sh
index 9a88475..7e433b1 100755
--- a/t/t5510-fetch.sh
+++ b/t/t5510-fetch.sh
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'fetch must not resolve short remote name' '
 
 	cd "$D" &&
-	git update-ref refs/remotes/six/HEAD HEAD
+	git update-ref refs/remotes/six/HEAD HEAD &&
 
 	mkdir six &&
 	cd six &&
diff --git a/t/t5513-fetch-track.sh b/t/t5513-fetch-track.sh
index 9e74862..65d1e05 100755
--- a/t/t5513-fetch-track.sh
+++ b/t/t5513-fetch-track.sh
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
-test_description='fetch follows remote tracking branches correctly'
+test_description='fetch follows remote-tracking branches correctly'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
diff --git a/t/t5514-fetch-multiple.sh b/t/t5514-fetch-multiple.sh
index b737332..227dd56 100755
--- a/t/t5514-fetch-multiple.sh
+++ b/t/t5514-fetch-multiple.sh
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 	(
 		cd two && git branch another
 	) &&
-	git clone --mirror two three
+	git clone --mirror two three &&
 	git clone one test
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t5516-fetch-push.sh b/t/t5516-fetch-push.sh
index b11da79..d73731e 100755
--- a/t/t5516-fetch-push.sh
+++ b/t/t5516-fetch-push.sh
@@ -586,7 +586,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'warn on push to HEAD of non-bare repository' '
-	mk_test heads/master
+	mk_test heads/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
 		git checkout master &&
@@ -597,7 +597,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'deny push to HEAD of non-bare repository' '
-	mk_test heads/master
+	mk_test heads/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
 		git checkout master &&
@@ -607,7 +607,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'allow push to HEAD of bare repository (bare)' '
-	mk_test heads/master
+	mk_test heads/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
 		git checkout master &&
@@ -619,7 +619,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'allow push to HEAD of non-bare repository (config)' '
-	mk_test heads/master
+	mk_test heads/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
 		git checkout master &&
diff --git a/t/t5519-push-alternates.sh b/t/t5519-push-alternates.sh
index 96be523..c00c9b0 100755
--- a/t/t5519-push-alternates.sh
+++ b/t/t5519-push-alternates.sh
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@
 	(
 		cd alice-pub &&
 		git cat-file commit master >../bob-work/commit
-	)
+	) &&
 	(
 		# This time Bob does not pull from Alice, and
 		# the master branch at her public repository points
diff --git a/t/t5520-pull.sh b/t/t5520-pull.sh
index 0b489f5..0470a81 100755
--- a/t/t5520-pull.sh
+++ b/t/t5520-pull.sh
@@ -222,4 +222,11 @@
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git pull --rebase against local branch' '
+	git checkout -b copy2 to-rebase-orig &&
+	git pull --rebase . to-rebase &&
+	test "conflicting modification" = "$(cat file)" &&
+	test file = "$(cat file2)"
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5523-push-upstream.sh b/t/t5523-push-upstream.sh
index 00da707..c229fe6 100755
--- a/t/t5523-push-upstream.sh
+++ b/t/t5523-push-upstream.sh
@@ -2,9 +2,14 @@
 
 test_description='push with --set-upstream'
 . ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-terminal.sh
+
+ensure_fresh_upstream() {
+	rm -rf parent && git init --bare parent
+}
 
 test_expect_success 'setup bare parent' '
-	git init --bare parent &&
+	ensure_fresh_upstream &&
 	git remote add upstream parent
 '
 
@@ -66,4 +71,41 @@
 	check_config headbranch upstream refs/heads/headbranch
 '
 
+test_expect_success TTY 'progress messages go to tty' '
+	ensure_fresh_upstream &&
+
+	test_terminal git push -u upstream master >out 2>err &&
+	grep "Writing objects" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'progress messages do not go to non-tty' '
+	ensure_fresh_upstream &&
+
+	# skip progress messages, since stderr is non-tty
+	git push -u upstream master >out 2>err &&
+	! grep "Writing objects" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'progress messages go to non-tty (forced)' '
+	ensure_fresh_upstream &&
+
+	# force progress messages to stderr, even though it is non-tty
+	git push -u --progress upstream master >out 2>err &&
+	grep "Writing objects" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success TTY 'push -q suppresses progress' '
+	ensure_fresh_upstream &&
+
+	test_terminal git push -u -q upstream master >out 2>err &&
+	! grep "Writing objects" err
+'
+
+test_expect_failure TTY 'push --no-progress suppresses progress' '
+	ensure_fresh_upstream &&
+
+	test_terminal git push -u --no-progress upstream master >out 2>err &&
+	! grep "Writing objects" err
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5526-fetch-submodules.sh b/t/t5526-fetch-submodules.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..884a5e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5526-fetch-submodules.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Copyright (c) 2010, Jens Lehmann
+
+test_description='Recursive "git fetch" for submodules'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+pwd=$(pwd)
+
+add_upstream_commit() {
+	(
+		cd submodule &&
+		head1=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD) &&
+		echo new >> subfile &&
+		test_tick &&
+		git add subfile &&
+		git commit -m new subfile &&
+		head2=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD) &&
+		echo "From $pwd/submodule" > ../expect.err &&
+		echo "   $head1..$head2  master     -> origin/master" >> ../expect.err
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd deepsubmodule &&
+		head1=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD) &&
+		echo new >> deepsubfile &&
+		test_tick &&
+		git add deepsubfile &&
+		git commit -m new deepsubfile &&
+		head2=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD) &&
+		echo "From $pwd/deepsubmodule" >> ../expect.err &&
+		echo "   $head1..$head2  master     -> origin/master" >> ../expect.err
+	)
+}
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	mkdir deepsubmodule &&
+	(
+		cd deepsubmodule &&
+		git init &&
+		echo deepsubcontent > deepsubfile &&
+		git add deepsubfile &&
+		git commit -m new deepsubfile
+	) &&
+	mkdir submodule &&
+	(
+		cd submodule &&
+		git init &&
+		echo subcontent > subfile &&
+		git add subfile &&
+		git submodule add "$pwd/deepsubmodule" deepsubmodule &&
+		git commit -a -m new
+	) &&
+	git submodule add "$pwd/submodule" submodule &&
+	git commit -am initial &&
+	git clone . downstream &&
+	(
+		cd downstream &&
+		git submodule update --init --recursive
+	) &&
+	echo "Fetching submodule submodule" > expect.out &&
+	echo "Fetching submodule submodule/deepsubmodule" >> expect.out
+'
+
+test_expect_success "fetch --recurse-submodules recurses into submodules" '
+	add_upstream_commit &&
+	(
+		cd downstream &&
+		git fetch --recurse-submodules >../actual.out 2>../actual.err
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect.out actual.out &&
+	test_cmp expect.err actual.err
+'
+
+test_expect_success "fetch alone only fetches superproject" '
+	add_upstream_commit &&
+	(
+		cd downstream &&
+		git fetch >../actual.out 2>../actual.err
+	) &&
+	! test -s actual.out &&
+	! test -s actual.err
+'
+
+test_expect_success "fetch --no-recurse-submodules only fetches superproject" '
+	(
+		cd downstream &&
+		git fetch --no-recurse-submodules >../actual.out 2>../actual.err
+	) &&
+	! test -s actual.out &&
+	! test -s actual.err
+'
+
+test_expect_success "using fetchRecurseSubmodules=true in .gitmodules recurses into submodules" '
+	(
+		cd downstream &&
+		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.submodule.fetchRecurseSubmodules true &&
+		git fetch >../actual.out 2>../actual.err
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect.out actual.out &&
+	test_cmp expect.err actual.err
+'
+
+test_expect_success "--no-recurse-submodules overrides .gitmodules config" '
+	add_upstream_commit &&
+	(
+		cd downstream &&
+		git fetch --no-recurse-submodules >../actual.out 2>../actual.err
+	) &&
+	! test -s actual.out &&
+	! test -s actual.err
+'
+
+test_expect_success "using fetchRecurseSubmodules=false in .git/config overrides setting in .gitmodules" '
+	(
+		cd downstream &&
+		git config submodule.submodule.fetchRecurseSubmodules false &&
+		git fetch >../actual.out 2>../actual.err
+	) &&
+	! test -s actual.out &&
+	! test -s actual.err
+'
+
+test_expect_success "--recurse-submodules overrides fetchRecurseSubmodules setting from .git/config" '
+	(
+		cd downstream &&
+		git fetch --recurse-submodules >../actual.out 2>../actual.err &&
+		git config -f --unset .gitmodules submodule.submodule.fetchRecurseSubmodules true &&
+		git config --unset submodule.submodule.fetchRecurseSubmodules
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect.out actual.out &&
+	test_cmp expect.err actual.err
+'
+
+test_expect_success "--quiet propagates to submodules" '
+	(
+		cd downstream &&
+		git fetch --recurse-submodules --quiet >../actual.out 2>../actual.err
+	) &&
+	! test -s actual.out &&
+	! test -s actual.err
+'
+
+test_expect_success "--dry-run propagates to submodules" '
+	add_upstream_commit &&
+	(
+		cd downstream &&
+		git fetch --recurse-submodules --dry-run >../actual.out 2>../actual.err
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect.out actual.out &&
+	test_cmp expect.err actual.err &&
+	(
+		cd downstream &&
+		git fetch --recurse-submodules >../actual.out 2>../actual.err
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect.out actual.out &&
+	test_cmp expect.err actual.err
+'
+
+test_expect_success "recurseSubmodules=true propagates into submodules" '
+	add_upstream_commit &&
+	(
+		cd downstream &&
+		git config fetch.recurseSubmodules true
+		git fetch >../actual.out 2>../actual.err
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect.out actual.out &&
+	test_cmp expect.err actual.err
+'
+
+test_expect_success "--recurse-submodules overrides config in submodule" '
+	add_upstream_commit &&
+	(
+		cd downstream &&
+		(
+			cd submodule &&
+			git config fetch.recurseSubmodules false
+		) &&
+		git fetch --recurse-submodules >../actual.out 2>../actual.err
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect.out actual.out &&
+	test_cmp expect.err actual.err
+'
+
+test_expect_success "--no-recurse-submodules overrides config setting" '
+	add_upstream_commit &&
+	(
+		cd downstream &&
+		git config fetch.recurseSubmodules true
+		git fetch --no-recurse-submodules >../actual.out 2>../actual.err
+	) &&
+	! test -s actual.out &&
+	! test -s actual.err
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5531-deep-submodule-push.sh b/t/t5531-deep-submodule-push.sh
index 65d8d47..faa2e96 100755
--- a/t/t5531-deep-submodule-push.sh
+++ b/t/t5531-deep-submodule-push.sh
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success setup '
 	mkdir pub.git &&
-	GIT_DIR=pub.git git init --bare
+	GIT_DIR=pub.git git init --bare &&
 	GIT_DIR=pub.git git config receive.fsckobjects true &&
 	mkdir work &&
 	(
diff --git a/t/t5560-http-backend-noserver.sh b/t/t5560-http-backend-noserver.sh
index 94f9d2e..0ad7ce0 100755
--- a/t/t5560-http-backend-noserver.sh
+++ b/t/t5560-http-backend-noserver.sh
@@ -5,11 +5,12 @@
 
 HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH="$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
 
+test_have_prereq MINGW && export GREP_OPTIONS=-U
+
 run_backend() {
 	echo "$2" |
 	QUERY_STRING="${1#*\?}" \
-	GIT_PROJECT_ROOT="$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH" \
-	PATH_INFO="${1%%\?*}" \
+	PATH_TRANSLATED="$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/${1%%\?*}" \
 	git http-backend >act.out 2>act.err
 }
 
diff --git a/t/t556x_common b/t/t556x_common
index 51287d8..82926cf 100755
--- a/t/t556x_common
+++ b/t/t556x_common
@@ -52,21 +52,21 @@
 SMART=smart
 GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL=1 && export GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL
 test_expect_success 'direct refs/heads/master not found' '
-	log_div "refs/heads/master"
+	log_div "refs/heads/master" &&
 	GET refs/heads/master "404 Not Found"
 '
 test_expect_success 'static file is ok' '
-	log_div "getanyfile default"
+	log_div "getanyfile default" &&
 	get_static_files "200 OK"
 '
 SMART=smart_noexport
 unset GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL
 test_expect_success 'no export by default' '
-	log_div "no git-daemon-export-ok"
+	log_div "no git-daemon-export-ok" &&
 	get_static_files "404 Not Found"
 '
 test_expect_success 'export if git-daemon-export-ok' '
-	log_div "git-daemon-export-ok"
+	log_div "git-daemon-export-ok" &&
         (cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
 	 touch git-daemon-export-ok
 	) &&
@@ -75,47 +75,47 @@
 SMART=smart
 GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL=1 && export GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL
 test_expect_success 'static file if http.getanyfile true is ok' '
-	log_div "getanyfile true"
+	log_div "getanyfile true" &&
 	config http.getanyfile true &&
 	get_static_files "200 OK"
 '
 test_expect_success 'static file if http.getanyfile false fails' '
-	log_div "getanyfile false"
+	log_div "getanyfile false" &&
 	config http.getanyfile false &&
 	get_static_files "403 Forbidden"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'http.uploadpack default enabled' '
-	log_div "uploadpack default"
+	log_div "uploadpack default" &&
 	GET info/refs?service=git-upload-pack "200 OK"  &&
 	POST git-upload-pack 0000 "200 OK"
 '
 test_expect_success 'http.uploadpack true' '
-	log_div "uploadpack true"
+	log_div "uploadpack true" &&
 	config http.uploadpack true &&
 	GET info/refs?service=git-upload-pack "200 OK" &&
 	POST git-upload-pack 0000 "200 OK"
 '
 test_expect_success 'http.uploadpack false' '
-	log_div "uploadpack false"
+	log_div "uploadpack false" &&
 	config http.uploadpack false &&
 	GET info/refs?service=git-upload-pack "403 Forbidden" &&
 	POST git-upload-pack 0000 "403 Forbidden"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'http.receivepack default disabled' '
-	log_div "receivepack default"
+	log_div "receivepack default" &&
 	GET info/refs?service=git-receive-pack "403 Forbidden"  &&
 	POST git-receive-pack 0000 "403 Forbidden"
 '
 test_expect_success 'http.receivepack true' '
-	log_div "receivepack true"
+	log_div "receivepack true" &&
 	config http.receivepack true &&
 	GET info/refs?service=git-receive-pack "200 OK" &&
 	POST git-receive-pack 0000 "200 OK"
 '
 test_expect_success 'http.receivepack false' '
-	log_div "receivepack false"
+	log_div "receivepack false" &&
 	config http.receivepack false &&
 	GET info/refs?service=git-receive-pack "403 Forbidden" &&
 	POST git-receive-pack 0000 "403 Forbidden"
diff --git a/t/t5602-clone-remote-exec.sh b/t/t5602-clone-remote-exec.sh
index deffdae..3f353d9 100755
--- a/t/t5602-clone-remote-exec.sh
+++ b/t/t5602-clone-remote-exec.sh
@@ -5,21 +5,29 @@
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 test_expect_success setup '
-	echo "#!/bin/sh" > not_ssh
-	echo "echo \"\$*\" > not_ssh_output" >> not_ssh
-	echo "exit 1" >> not_ssh
+	echo "#!/bin/sh" > not_ssh &&
+	echo "echo \"\$*\" > not_ssh_output" >> not_ssh &&
+	echo "exit 1" >> not_ssh &&
 	chmod +x not_ssh
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'clone calls git upload-pack unqualified with no -u option' '
-	GIT_SSH=./not_ssh git clone localhost:/path/to/repo junk
-	echo "localhost git-upload-pack '\''/path/to/repo'\''" >expected
+	(
+		GIT_SSH=./not_ssh &&
+		export GIT_SSH &&
+		test_must_fail git clone localhost:/path/to/repo junk
+	) &&
+	echo "localhost git-upload-pack '\''/path/to/repo'\''" >expected &&
 	test_cmp expected not_ssh_output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'clone calls specified git upload-pack with -u option' '
-	GIT_SSH=./not_ssh git clone -u ./something/bin/git-upload-pack localhost:/path/to/repo junk
-	echo "localhost ./something/bin/git-upload-pack '\''/path/to/repo'\''" >expected
+	(
+		GIT_SSH=./not_ssh &&
+		export GIT_SSH &&
+		test_must_fail git clone -u ./something/bin/git-upload-pack localhost:/path/to/repo junk
+	) &&
+	echo "localhost ./something/bin/git-upload-pack '\''/path/to/repo'\''" >expected &&
 	test_cmp expected not_ssh_output
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t5701-clone-local.sh b/t/t5701-clone-local.sh
index 8b4c356..0f4d487 100755
--- a/t/t5701-clone-local.sh
+++ b/t/t5701-clone-local.sh
@@ -10,11 +10,11 @@
 	git clone --bare . a.git &&
 	git clone --bare . x &&
 	test "$(GIT_CONFIG=a.git/config git config --bool core.bare)" = true &&
-	test "$(GIT_CONFIG=x/config git config --bool core.bare)" = true
+	test "$(GIT_CONFIG=x/config git config --bool core.bare)" = true &&
 	git bundle create b1.bundle --all &&
 	git bundle create b2.bundle master &&
 	mkdir dir &&
-	cp b1.bundle dir/b3
+	cp b1.bundle dir/b3 &&
 	cp b1.bundle b4
 '
 
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@
 	cd "$D" &&
 	git clone b2.bundle b2 &&
 	cd b2 &&
-	git fetch
+	git fetch &&
 	test ! -e .git/refs/heads/master
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t6001-rev-list-graft.sh b/t/t6001-rev-list-graft.sh
index fc57e7d..8efcd13 100755
--- a/t/t6001-rev-list-graft.sh
+++ b/t/t6001-rev-list-graft.sh
@@ -90,22 +90,22 @@
 for type in basic parents parents-raw
 do
 	test_expect_success 'without grafts' "
-		rm -f .git/info/grafts
+		rm -f .git/info/grafts &&
 		check $type $B2 -- $B2 $B1 $B0
 	"
 
 	test_expect_success 'with grafts' "
-		echo '$B0 $A2' >.git/info/grafts
+		echo '$B0 $A2' >.git/info/grafts &&
 		check $type $B2 -- $B2 $B1 $B0 $A2 $A1 $A0
 	"
 
 	test_expect_success 'without grafts, with pathlimit' "
-		rm -f .git/info/grafts
+		rm -f .git/info/grafts &&
 		check $type $B2 subdir -- $B2 $B0
 	"
 
 	test_expect_success 'with grafts, with pathlimit' "
-		echo '$B0 $A2' >.git/info/grafts
+		echo '$B0 $A2' >.git/info/grafts &&
 		check $type $B2 subdir -- $B2 $B0 $A2 $A0
 	"
 
diff --git a/t/t6009-rev-list-parent.sh b/t/t6009-rev-list-parent.sh
index c8a96a9..52f7b27 100755
--- a/t/t6009-rev-list-parent.sh
+++ b/t/t6009-rev-list-parent.sh
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 	commit one &&
 
-	test_tick=$(($test_tick - 2400))
+	test_tick=$(($test_tick - 2400)) &&
 
 	commit two &&
 	commit three &&
diff --git a/t/t6010-merge-base.sh b/t/t6010-merge-base.sh
index 62197a3..082032e 100755
--- a/t/t6010-merge-base.sh
+++ b/t/t6010-merge-base.sh
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@
 	R2=$(doit  3 R2 $R1) &&
 
 	PL=$(doit  4 PL $L2 $C2) &&
-	PR=$(doit  4 PR $C2 $R2)
+	PR=$(doit  4 PR $C2 $R2) &&
 
 	git name-rev $C2 >expected &&
 
diff --git a/t/t6016-rev-list-graph-simplify-history.sh b/t/t6016-rev-list-graph-simplify-history.sh
index 27fd52b..f7181d1 100755
--- a/t/t6016-rev-list-graph-simplify-history.sh
+++ b/t/t6016-rev-list-graph-simplify-history.sh
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 	# Octopus merge B and C into branch A
 	git checkout A &&
 	git merge B C &&
-	git tag A4
+	git tag A4 &&
 
 	test_commit A5 bar.txt &&
 
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
 	test_commit C4 bar.txt &&
 	git checkout A &&
 	git merge -s ours C &&
-	git tag A6
+	git tag A6 &&
 
 	test_commit A7 bar.txt &&
 
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@
 # that undecorated merges are interesting, even with --simplify-by-decoration
 test_expect_success '--graph --simplify-by-decoration' '
 	rm -f expected &&
-	git tag -d A4
+	git tag -d A4 &&
 	echo "* $A7" >> expected &&
 	echo "*   $A6" >> expected &&
 	echo "|\\  " >> expected &&
@@ -116,12 +116,15 @@
 	test_cmp expected actual
 	'
 
-# Get rid of all decorations on branch B, and graph with it simplified away
+test_expect_success 'setup: get rid of decorations on B' '
+	git tag -d B2 &&
+	git tag -d B1 &&
+	git branch -d B
+'
+
+# Graph with branch B simplified away
 test_expect_success '--graph --simplify-by-decoration prune branch B' '
 	rm -f expected &&
-	git tag -d B2
-	git tag -d B1
-	git branch -d B
 	echo "* $A7" >> expected &&
 	echo "*   $A6" >> expected &&
 	echo "|\\  " >> expected &&
@@ -143,9 +146,6 @@
 
 test_expect_success '--graph --full-history -- bar.txt' '
 	rm -f expected &&
-	git tag -d B2
-	git tag -d B1
-	git branch -d B
 	echo "* $A7" >> expected &&
 	echo "*   $A6" >> expected &&
 	echo "|\\  " >> expected &&
@@ -163,9 +163,6 @@
 
 test_expect_success '--graph --full-history --simplify-merges -- bar.txt' '
 	rm -f expected &&
-	git tag -d B2
-	git tag -d B1
-	git branch -d B
 	echo "* $A7" >> expected &&
 	echo "*   $A6" >> expected &&
 	echo "|\\  " >> expected &&
@@ -181,9 +178,6 @@
 
 test_expect_success '--graph -- bar.txt' '
 	rm -f expected &&
-	git tag -d B2
-	git tag -d B1
-	git branch -d B
 	echo "* $A7" >> expected &&
 	echo "* $A5" >> expected &&
 	echo "* $A3" >> expected &&
@@ -196,9 +190,6 @@
 
 test_expect_success '--graph --sparse -- bar.txt' '
 	rm -f expected &&
-	git tag -d B2
-	git tag -d B1
-	git branch -d B
 	echo "* $A7" >> expected &&
 	echo "* $A6" >> expected &&
 	echo "* $A5" >> expected &&
diff --git a/t/t6020-merge-df.sh b/t/t6020-merge-df.sh
index 490d397..eec8f4e 100755
--- a/t/t6020-merge-df.sh
+++ b/t/t6020-merge-df.sh
@@ -6,21 +6,26 @@
 test_description='Test merge with directory/file conflicts'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-test_expect_success 'prepare repository' \
-'echo "Hello" > init &&
-git add init &&
-git commit -m "Initial commit" &&
-git branch B &&
-mkdir dir &&
-echo "foo" > dir/foo &&
-git add dir/foo &&
-git commit -m "File: dir/foo" &&
-git checkout B &&
-echo "file dir" > dir &&
-git add dir &&
-git commit -m "File: dir"'
+test_expect_success 'prepare repository' '
+	echo Hello >init &&
+	git add init &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
 
-test_expect_code 1 'Merge with d/f conflicts' 'git merge "merge msg" B master'
+	git branch B &&
+	mkdir dir &&
+	echo foo >dir/foo &&
+	git add dir/foo &&
+	git commit -m "File: dir/foo" &&
+
+	git checkout B &&
+	echo file dir >dir &&
+	git add dir &&
+	git commit -m "File: dir"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Merge with d/f conflicts' '
+	test_expect_code 1 git merge "merge msg" B master
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'F/D conflict' '
 	git reset --hard &&
@@ -45,4 +50,51 @@
 	git merge master
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'setup modify/delete + directory/file conflict' '
+	git checkout --orphan modify &&
+	git rm -rf . &&
+	git clean -fdqx &&
+
+	printf "a\nb\nc\nd\ne\nf\ng\nh\n" >letters &&
+	git add letters &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+
+	echo i >>letters &&
+	git add letters &&
+	git commit -m modified &&
+
+	git checkout -b delete HEAD^ &&
+	git rm letters &&
+	mkdir letters &&
+	>letters/file &&
+	git add letters &&
+	git commit -m deleted
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'modify/delete + directory/file conflict' '
+	git checkout delete^0 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge modify &&
+
+	test 3 = $(git ls-files -s | wc -l) &&
+	test 2 = $(git ls-files -u | wc -l) &&
+	test 1 = $(git ls-files -o | wc -l) &&
+
+	test -f letters/file &&
+	test -f letters~modify
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'modify/delete + directory/file conflict; other way' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git clean -f &&
+	git checkout modify^0 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge delete &&
+
+	test 3 = $(git ls-files -s | wc -l) &&
+	test 2 = $(git ls-files -u | wc -l) &&
+	test 1 = $(git ls-files -o | wc -l) &&
+
+	test -f letters/file &&
+	test -f letters~HEAD
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6022-merge-rename.sh b/t/t6022-merge-rename.sh
index b66544b..1ed259d 100755
--- a/t/t6022-merge-rename.sh
+++ b/t/t6022-merge-rename.sh
@@ -3,6 +3,11 @@
 test_description='Merge-recursive merging renames'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
+modify () {
+	sed -e "$1" <"$2" >"$2.x" &&
+	mv "$2.x" "$2"
+}
+
 test_expect_success setup \
 '
 cat >A <<\EOF &&
@@ -94,245 +99,147 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'pull renaming branch into unrenaming one' \
 '
-	git show-branch
-	git pull . white && {
-		echo "BAD: should have conflicted"
-		return 1
-	}
-	git ls-files -s
-	test "$(git ls-files -u B | wc -l)" -eq 3 || {
-		echo "BAD: should have left stages for B"
-		return 1
-	}
-	test "$(git ls-files -s N | wc -l)" -eq 1 || {
-		echo "BAD: should have merged N"
-		return 1
-	}
+	git show-branch &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git pull . white &&
+	git ls-files -s &&
+	git ls-files -u B >b.stages &&
+	test_line_count = 3 b.stages &&
+	git ls-files -s N >n.stages &&
+	test_line_count = 1 n.stages &&
 	sed -ne "/^g/{
 	p
 	q
-	}" B | grep master || {
-		echo "BAD: should have listed our change first"
-		return 1
-	}
-	test "$(git diff white N | wc -l)" -eq 0 || {
-		echo "BAD: should have taken colored branch"
-		return 1
-	}
+	}" B | grep master &&
+	git diff --exit-code white N
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'pull renaming branch into another renaming one' \
 '
-	rm -f B
-	git reset --hard
-	git checkout red
-	git pull . white && {
-		echo "BAD: should have conflicted"
-		return 1
-	}
-	test "$(git ls-files -u B | wc -l)" -eq 3 || {
-		echo "BAD: should have left stages"
-		return 1
-	}
-	test "$(git ls-files -s N | wc -l)" -eq 1 || {
-		echo "BAD: should have merged N"
-		return 1
-	}
+	rm -f B &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout red &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git pull . white &&
+	git ls-files -u B >b.stages &&
+	test_line_count = 3 b.stages &&
+	git ls-files -s N >n.stages &&
+	test_line_count = 1 n.stages &&
 	sed -ne "/^g/{
 	p
 	q
-	}" B | grep red || {
-		echo "BAD: should have listed our change first"
-		return 1
-	}
-	test "$(git diff white N | wc -l)" -eq 0 || {
-		echo "BAD: should have taken colored branch"
-		return 1
-	}
+	}" B | grep red &&
+	git diff --exit-code white N
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'pull unrenaming branch into renaming one' \
 '
-	git reset --hard
-	git show-branch
-	git pull . master && {
-		echo "BAD: should have conflicted"
-		return 1
-	}
-	test "$(git ls-files -u B | wc -l)" -eq 3 || {
-		echo "BAD: should have left stages"
-		return 1
-	}
-	test "$(git ls-files -s N | wc -l)" -eq 1 || {
-		echo "BAD: should have merged N"
-		return 1
-	}
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git show-branch &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git pull . master &&
+	git ls-files -u B >b.stages &&
+	test_line_count = 3 b.stages &&
+	git ls-files -s N >n.stages &&
+	test_line_count = 1 n.stages &&
 	sed -ne "/^g/{
 	p
 	q
-	}" B | grep red || {
-		echo "BAD: should have listed our change first"
-		return 1
-	}
-	test "$(git diff white N | wc -l)" -eq 0 || {
-		echo "BAD: should have taken colored branch"
-		return 1
-	}
+	}" B | grep red &&
+	git diff --exit-code white N
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'pull conflicting renames' \
 '
-	git reset --hard
-	git show-branch
-	git pull . blue && {
-		echo "BAD: should have conflicted"
-		return 1
-	}
-	test "$(git ls-files -u A | wc -l)" -eq 1 || {
-		echo "BAD: should have left a stage"
-		return 1
-	}
-	test "$(git ls-files -u B | wc -l)" -eq 1 || {
-		echo "BAD: should have left a stage"
-		return 1
-	}
-	test "$(git ls-files -u C | wc -l)" -eq 1 || {
-		echo "BAD: should have left a stage"
-		return 1
-	}
-	test "$(git ls-files -s N | wc -l)" -eq 1 || {
-		echo "BAD: should have merged N"
-		return 1
-	}
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git show-branch &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git pull . blue &&
+	git ls-files -u A >a.stages &&
+	test_line_count = 1 a.stages &&
+	git ls-files -u B >b.stages &&
+	test_line_count = 1 b.stages &&
+	git ls-files -u C >c.stages &&
+	test_line_count = 1 c.stages &&
+	git ls-files -s N >n.stages &&
+	test_line_count = 1 n.stages &&
 	sed -ne "/^g/{
 	p
 	q
-	}" B | grep red || {
-		echo "BAD: should have listed our change first"
-		return 1
-	}
-	test "$(git diff white N | wc -l)" -eq 0 || {
-		echo "BAD: should have taken colored branch"
-		return 1
-	}
+	}" B | grep red &&
+	git diff --exit-code white N
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'interference with untracked working tree file' '
-
-	git reset --hard
-	git show-branch
-	echo >A this file should not matter
-	git pull . white && {
-		echo "BAD: should have conflicted"
-		return 1
-	}
-	test -f A || {
-		echo "BAD: should have left A intact"
-		return 1
-	}
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git show-branch &&
+	echo >A this file should not matter &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git pull . white &&
+	test_path_is_file A
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'interference with untracked working tree file' '
-
-	git reset --hard
-	git checkout white
-	git show-branch
-	rm -f A
-	echo >A this file should not matter
-	git pull . red && {
-		echo "BAD: should have conflicted"
-		return 1
-	}
-	test -f A || {
-		echo "BAD: should have left A intact"
-		return 1
-	}
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout white &&
+	git show-branch &&
+	rm -f A &&
+	echo >A this file should not matter &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git pull . red &&
+	test_path_is_file A
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'interference with untracked working tree file' '
-
-	git reset --hard
-	rm -f A M
-	git checkout -f master
-	git tag -f anchor
-	git show-branch
-	git pull . yellow || {
-		echo "BAD: should have cleanly merged"
-		return 1
-	}
-	test -f M && {
-		echo "BAD: should have removed M"
-		return 1
-	}
+	git reset --hard &&
+	rm -f A M &&
+	git checkout -f master &&
+	git tag -f anchor &&
+	git show-branch &&
+	git pull . yellow &&
+	test_path_is_missing M &&
 	git reset --hard anchor
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'updated working tree file should prevent the merge' '
-
-	git reset --hard
-	rm -f A M
-	git checkout -f master
-	git tag -f anchor
-	git show-branch
-	echo >>M one line addition
-	cat M >M.saved
-	git pull . yellow && {
-		echo "BAD: should have complained"
-		return 1
-	}
-	test_cmp M M.saved || {
-		echo "BAD: should have left M intact"
-		return 1
-	}
+	git reset --hard &&
+	rm -f A M &&
+	git checkout -f master &&
+	git tag -f anchor &&
+	git show-branch &&
+	echo >>M one line addition &&
+	cat M >M.saved &&
+	test_expect_code 128 git pull . yellow &&
+	test_cmp M M.saved &&
 	rm -f M.saved
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'updated working tree file should prevent the merge' '
-
-	git reset --hard
-	rm -f A M
-	git checkout -f master
-	git tag -f anchor
-	git show-branch
-	echo >>M one line addition
-	cat M >M.saved
-	git update-index M
-	git pull . yellow && {
-		echo "BAD: should have complained"
-		return 1
-	}
-	test_cmp M M.saved || {
-		echo "BAD: should have left M intact"
-		return 1
-	}
+	git reset --hard &&
+	rm -f A M &&
+	git checkout -f master &&
+	git tag -f anchor &&
+	git show-branch &&
+	echo >>M one line addition &&
+	cat M >M.saved &&
+	git update-index M &&
+	test_expect_code 128 git pull . yellow &&
+	test_cmp M M.saved &&
 	rm -f M.saved
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'interference with untracked working tree file' '
-
-	git reset --hard
-	rm -f A M
-	git checkout -f yellow
-	git tag -f anchor
-	git show-branch
-	echo >M this file should not matter
-	git pull . master || {
-		echo "BAD: should have cleanly merged"
-		return 1
-	}
-	test -f M || {
-		echo "BAD: should have left M intact"
-		return 1
-	}
-	git ls-files -s | grep M && {
-		echo "BAD: M must be untracked in the result"
-		return 1
-	}
+	git reset --hard &&
+	rm -f A M &&
+	git checkout -f yellow &&
+	git tag -f anchor &&
+	git show-branch &&
+	echo >M this file should not matter &&
+	git pull . master &&
+	test_path_is_file M &&
+	! {
+		git ls-files -s |
+		grep M
+	} &&
 	git reset --hard anchor
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'merge of identical changes in a renamed file' '
-	rm -f A M N
+	rm -f A M N &&
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout change+rename &&
 	GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY=3 git merge change | grep "^Skipped B" &&
@@ -341,4 +248,365 @@
 	GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY=3 git merge change+rename | grep "^Skipped B"
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'setup for rename + d/f conflicts' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout --orphan dir-in-way &&
+	git rm -rf . &&
+
+	mkdir sub &&
+	mkdir dir &&
+	printf "1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n" >sub/file &&
+	echo foo >dir/file-in-the-way &&
+	git add -A &&
+	git commit -m "Common commmit" &&
+
+	echo 11 >>sub/file &&
+	echo more >>dir/file-in-the-way &&
+	git add -u &&
+	git commit -m "Commit to merge, with dir in the way" &&
+
+	git checkout -b dir-not-in-way &&
+	git reset --soft HEAD^ &&
+	git rm -rf dir &&
+	git commit -m "Commit to merge, with dir removed" -- dir sub/file &&
+
+	git checkout -b renamed-file-has-no-conflicts dir-in-way~1 &&
+	git rm -rf dir &&
+	git rm sub/file &&
+	printf "1\n2\n3\n4\n5555\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n" >dir &&
+	git add dir &&
+	git commit -m "Independent change" &&
+
+	git checkout -b renamed-file-has-conflicts dir-in-way~1 &&
+	git rm -rf dir &&
+	git mv sub/file dir &&
+	echo 12 >>dir &&
+	git add dir &&
+	git commit -m "Conflicting change"
+'
+
+printf "1\n2\n3\n4\n5555\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n" >expected
+
+test_expect_success 'Rename+D/F conflict; renamed file merges + dir not in way' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout -q renamed-file-has-no-conflicts^0 &&
+	git merge --strategy=recursive dir-not-in-way &&
+	git diff --quiet &&
+	test -f dir &&
+	test_cmp expected dir
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Rename+D/F conflict; renamed file merges but dir in way' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	rm -rf dir~* &&
+	git checkout -q renamed-file-has-no-conflicts^0 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge --strategy=recursive dir-in-way >output &&
+
+	grep "CONFLICT (delete/modify): dir/file-in-the-way" output &&
+	grep "Auto-merging dir" output &&
+	grep "Adding as dir~HEAD instead" output &&
+
+	test 2 -eq "$(git ls-files -u | wc -l)" &&
+	test 2 -eq "$(git ls-files -u dir/file-in-the-way | wc -l)" &&
+
+	test_must_fail git diff --quiet &&
+	test_must_fail git diff --cached --quiet &&
+
+	test -f dir/file-in-the-way &&
+	test -f dir~HEAD &&
+	test_cmp expected dir~HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Same as previous, but merged other way' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	rm -rf dir~* &&
+	git checkout -q dir-in-way^0 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge --strategy=recursive renamed-file-has-no-conflicts >output 2>errors &&
+
+	! grep "error: refusing to lose untracked file at" errors &&
+	grep "CONFLICT (delete/modify): dir/file-in-the-way" output &&
+	grep "Auto-merging dir" output &&
+	grep "Adding as dir~renamed-file-has-no-conflicts instead" output &&
+
+	test 2 -eq "$(git ls-files -u | wc -l)" &&
+	test 2 -eq "$(git ls-files -u dir/file-in-the-way | wc -l)" &&
+
+	test_must_fail git diff --quiet &&
+	test_must_fail git diff --cached --quiet &&
+
+	test -f dir/file-in-the-way &&
+	test -f dir~renamed-file-has-no-conflicts &&
+	test_cmp expected dir~renamed-file-has-no-conflicts
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+<<<<<<< HEAD
+12
+=======
+11
+>>>>>>> dir-not-in-way
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'Rename+D/F conflict; renamed file cannot merge, dir not in way' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	rm -rf dir~* &&
+	git checkout -q renamed-file-has-conflicts^0 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge --strategy=recursive dir-not-in-way &&
+
+	test 3 -eq "$(git ls-files -u | wc -l)" &&
+	test 3 -eq "$(git ls-files -u dir | wc -l)" &&
+
+	test_must_fail git diff --quiet &&
+	test_must_fail git diff --cached --quiet &&
+
+	test -f dir &&
+	test_cmp expected dir
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Rename+D/F conflict; renamed file cannot merge and dir in the way' '
+	modify s/dir-not-in-way/dir-in-way/ expected &&
+
+	git reset --hard &&
+	rm -rf dir~* &&
+	git checkout -q renamed-file-has-conflicts^0 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge --strategy=recursive dir-in-way &&
+
+	test 5 -eq "$(git ls-files -u | wc -l)" &&
+	test 3 -eq "$(git ls-files -u dir | grep -v file-in-the-way | wc -l)" &&
+	test 2 -eq "$(git ls-files -u dir/file-in-the-way | wc -l)" &&
+
+	test_must_fail git diff --quiet &&
+	test_must_fail git diff --cached --quiet &&
+
+	test -f dir/file-in-the-way &&
+	test -f dir~HEAD &&
+	test_cmp expected dir~HEAD
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+<<<<<<< HEAD
+11
+=======
+12
+>>>>>>> renamed-file-has-conflicts
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'Same as previous, but merged other way' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	rm -rf dir~* &&
+	git checkout -q dir-in-way^0 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge --strategy=recursive renamed-file-has-conflicts &&
+
+	test 5 -eq "$(git ls-files -u | wc -l)" &&
+	test 3 -eq "$(git ls-files -u dir | grep -v file-in-the-way | wc -l)" &&
+	test 2 -eq "$(git ls-files -u dir/file-in-the-way | wc -l)" &&
+
+	test_must_fail git diff --quiet &&
+	test_must_fail git diff --cached --quiet &&
+
+	test -f dir/file-in-the-way &&
+	test -f dir~renamed-file-has-conflicts &&
+	test_cmp expected dir~renamed-file-has-conflicts
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup both rename source and destination involved in D/F conflict' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout --orphan rename-dest &&
+	git rm -rf . &&
+	git clean -fdqx &&
+
+	mkdir one &&
+	echo stuff >one/file &&
+	git add -A &&
+	git commit -m "Common commmit" &&
+
+	git mv one/file destdir &&
+	git commit -m "Renamed to destdir" &&
+
+	git checkout -b source-conflict HEAD~1 &&
+	git rm -rf one &&
+	mkdir destdir &&
+	touch one destdir/foo &&
+	git add -A &&
+	git commit -m "Conflicts in the way"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'both rename source and destination involved in D/F conflict' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	rm -rf dir~* &&
+	git checkout -q rename-dest^0 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge --strategy=recursive source-conflict &&
+
+	test 1 -eq "$(git ls-files -u | wc -l)" &&
+
+	test_must_fail git diff --quiet &&
+
+	test -f destdir/foo &&
+	test -f one &&
+	test -f destdir~HEAD &&
+	test "stuff" = "$(cat destdir~HEAD)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup pair rename to parent of other (D/F conflicts)' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout --orphan rename-two &&
+	git rm -rf . &&
+	git clean -fdqx &&
+
+	mkdir one &&
+	mkdir two &&
+	echo stuff >one/file &&
+	echo other >two/file &&
+	git add -A &&
+	git commit -m "Common commmit" &&
+
+	git rm -rf one &&
+	git mv two/file one &&
+	git commit -m "Rename two/file -> one" &&
+
+	git checkout -b rename-one HEAD~1 &&
+	git rm -rf two &&
+	git mv one/file two &&
+	rm -r one &&
+	git commit -m "Rename one/file -> two"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pair rename to parent of other (D/F conflicts) w/ untracked dir' '
+	git checkout -q rename-one^0 &&
+	mkdir one &&
+	test_must_fail git merge --strategy=recursive rename-two &&
+
+	test 2 -eq "$(git ls-files -u | wc -l)" &&
+	test 1 -eq "$(git ls-files -u one | wc -l)" &&
+	test 1 -eq "$(git ls-files -u two | wc -l)" &&
+
+	test_must_fail git diff --quiet &&
+
+	test 4 -eq $(find . | grep -v .git | wc -l) &&
+
+	test -d one &&
+	test -f one~rename-two &&
+	test -f two &&
+	test "other" = $(cat one~rename-two) &&
+	test "stuff" = $(cat two)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pair rename to parent of other (D/F conflicts) w/ clean start' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git clean -fdqx &&
+	test_must_fail git merge --strategy=recursive rename-two &&
+
+	test 2 -eq "$(git ls-files -u | wc -l)" &&
+	test 1 -eq "$(git ls-files -u one | wc -l)" &&
+	test 1 -eq "$(git ls-files -u two | wc -l)" &&
+
+	test_must_fail git diff --quiet &&
+
+	test 3 -eq $(find . | grep -v .git | wc -l) &&
+
+	test -f one &&
+	test -f two &&
+	test "other" = $(cat one) &&
+	test "stuff" = $(cat two)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup rename of one file to two, with directories in the way' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout --orphan first-rename &&
+	git rm -rf . &&
+	git clean -fdqx &&
+
+	echo stuff >original &&
+	git add -A &&
+	git commit -m "Common commmit" &&
+
+	mkdir two &&
+	>two/file &&
+	git add two/file &&
+	git mv original one &&
+	git commit -m "Put two/file in the way, rename to one" &&
+
+	git checkout -b second-rename HEAD~1 &&
+	mkdir one &&
+	>one/file &&
+	git add one/file &&
+	git mv original two &&
+	git commit -m "Put one/file in the way, rename to two"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check handling of differently renamed file with D/F conflicts' '
+	git checkout -q first-rename^0 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge --strategy=recursive second-rename &&
+
+	test 5 -eq "$(git ls-files -s | wc -l)" &&
+	test 3 -eq "$(git ls-files -u | wc -l)" &&
+	test 1 -eq "$(git ls-files -u one | wc -l)" &&
+	test 1 -eq "$(git ls-files -u two | wc -l)" &&
+	test 1 -eq "$(git ls-files -u original | wc -l)" &&
+	test 2 -eq "$(git ls-files -o | wc -l)" &&
+
+	test -f one/file &&
+	test -f two/file &&
+	test -f one~HEAD &&
+	test -f two~second-rename &&
+	! test -f original
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup rename one file to two; directories moving out of the way' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout --orphan first-rename-redo &&
+	git rm -rf . &&
+	git clean -fdqx &&
+
+	echo stuff >original &&
+	mkdir one two &&
+	touch one/file two/file &&
+	git add -A &&
+	git commit -m "Common commmit" &&
+
+	git rm -rf one &&
+	git mv original one &&
+	git commit -m "Rename to one" &&
+
+	git checkout -b second-rename-redo HEAD~1 &&
+	git rm -rf two &&
+	git mv original two &&
+	git commit -m "Rename to two"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check handling of differently renamed file with D/F conflicts' '
+	git checkout -q first-rename-redo^0 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge --strategy=recursive second-rename-redo &&
+
+	test 3 -eq "$(git ls-files -u | wc -l)" &&
+	test 1 -eq "$(git ls-files -u one | wc -l)" &&
+	test 1 -eq "$(git ls-files -u two | wc -l)" &&
+	test 1 -eq "$(git ls-files -u original | wc -l)" &&
+	test 0 -eq "$(git ls-files -o | wc -l)" &&
+
+	test -f one &&
+	test -f two &&
+	! test -f original
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6024-recursive-merge.sh b/t/t6024-recursive-merge.sh
index b3fbf65..755d30c 100755
--- a/t/t6024-recursive-merge.sh
+++ b/t/t6024-recursive-merge.sh
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m delete &&
 	git checkout -b rename HEAD^ &&
-	git mv a1 a2
+	git mv a1 a2 &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m rename &&
 	test_must_fail git merge delete &&
diff --git a/t/t6029-merge-subtree.sh b/t/t6029-merge-subtree.sh
index 3900d9f..73fc240 100755
--- a/t/t6029-merge-subtree.sh
+++ b/t/t6029-merge-subtree.sh
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success setup '
 
-	s="1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8"
+	s="1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8" &&
 	for i in $s; do echo $i; done >hello &&
 	git add hello &&
 	git commit -m initial &&
diff --git a/t/t6030-bisect-porcelain.sh b/t/t6030-bisect-porcelain.sh
index 3b042aa..b5063b6 100755
--- a/t/t6030-bisect-porcelain.sh
+++ b/t/t6030-bisect-porcelain.sh
@@ -517,13 +517,13 @@
 	add_line_into_file "2(para): line 2 on parallel branch" dir2/file2 &&
 	PARA_HASH2=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
 	add_line_into_file "3(para): line 3 on parallel branch" dir2/file3 &&
-	PARA_HASH3=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
+	PARA_HASH3=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
 	git merge -m "merge HASH4 and PARA_HASH3" "$HASH4" &&
-	PARA_HASH4=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
+	PARA_HASH4=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
 	add_line_into_file "5(para): add line on parallel branch" dir1/file1 &&
-	PARA_HASH5=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
+	PARA_HASH5=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
 	add_line_into_file "6(para): add line on parallel branch" dir2/file2 &&
-	PARA_HASH6=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
+	PARA_HASH6=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
 	git merge -m "merge HASH7 and PARA_HASH6" "$HASH7" &&
 	PARA_HASH7=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
 '
diff --git a/t/t6032-merge-large-rename.sh b/t/t6032-merge-large-rename.sh
index eac5eba..fdb6c25 100755
--- a/t/t6032-merge-large-rename.sh
+++ b/t/t6032-merge-large-rename.sh
@@ -70,4 +70,34 @@
 test_rename 5 ok
 test_rename 6 fail
 
+test_expect_success 'setup large simple rename' '
+	git config --unset merge.renamelimit &&
+	git config --unset diff.renamelimit &&
+
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	for i in $(count 200); do
+		make_text foo bar baz >$i
+	done &&
+	git add . &&
+	git commit -m create-files &&
+
+	git branch simple-change &&
+	git checkout -b simple-rename &&
+
+	mkdir builtin &&
+	git mv [0-9]* builtin/ &&
+	git commit -m renamed &&
+
+	git checkout simple-change &&
+	>unrelated-change &&
+	git add unrelated-change &&
+	git commit -m unrelated-change
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'massive simple rename does not spam added files' '
+	unset GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY &&
+	git merge --no-stat simple-rename | grep -v Removing >output &&
+	test 5 -gt "$(wc -l < output)"
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6036-recursive-corner-cases.sh b/t/t6036-recursive-corner-cases.sh
index b874141..871577d 100755
--- a/t/t6036-recursive-corner-cases.sh
+++ b/t/t6036-recursive-corner-cases.sh
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@
 #  R1  R2
 #
 
-test_expect_success setup '
-	ten="0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9"
+test_expect_success 'setup basic criss-cross + rename with no modifications' '
+	ten="0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9" &&
 	for i in $ten
 	do
 		echo line $i in a sample file
@@ -45,11 +45,190 @@
 	git tag R2
 '
 
-test_expect_success merge '
+test_expect_success 'merge simple rename+criss-cross with no modifications' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout L2^0 &&
 
-	test_must_fail git merge -s recursive R2^0
+	test_must_fail git merge -s recursive R2^0 &&
+
+	test 5 = $(git ls-files -s | wc -l) &&
+	test 3 = $(git ls-files -u | wc -l) &&
+	test 0 = $(git ls-files -o | wc -l) &&
+
+	test $(git rev-parse :0:one) = $(git rev-parse L2:one) &&
+	test $(git rev-parse :0:two) = $(git rev-parse R2:two) &&
+	test $(git rev-parse :2:three) = $(git rev-parse L2:three) &&
+	test $(git rev-parse :3:three) = $(git rev-parse R2:three) &&
+
+	cp two merged &&
+	>empty &&
+	test_must_fail git merge-file \
+		-L "Temporary merge branch 2" \
+		-L "" \
+		-L "Temporary merge branch 1" \
+		merged empty one &&
+	test $(git rev-parse :1:three) = $(git hash-object merged)
+'
+
+#
+# Same as before, but modify L1 slightly:
+#
+#  L1m L2
+#   o---o
+#  / \ / \
+# o   X   ?
+#  \ / \ /
+#   o---o
+#  R1  R2
+#
+
+test_expect_success 'setup criss-cross + rename merges with basic modification' '
+	git rm -rf . &&
+	git clean -fdqx &&
+	rm -rf .git &&
+	git init &&
+
+	ten="0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9"
+	for i in $ten
+	do
+		echo line $i in a sample file
+	done >one &&
+	for i in $ten
+	do
+		echo line $i in another sample file
+	done >two &&
+	git add one two &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m initial &&
+
+	git branch L1 &&
+	git checkout -b R1 &&
+	git mv one three &&
+	echo more >>two &&
+	git add two &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m R1 &&
+
+	git checkout L1 &&
+	git mv two three &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m L1 &&
+
+	git checkout L1^0 &&
+	test_tick && git merge -s ours R1 &&
+	git tag L2 &&
+
+	git checkout R1^0 &&
+	test_tick && git merge -s ours L1 &&
+	git tag R2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge criss-cross + rename merges with basic modification' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout L2^0 &&
+
+	test_must_fail git merge -s recursive R2^0 &&
+
+	test 5 = $(git ls-files -s | wc -l) &&
+	test 3 = $(git ls-files -u | wc -l) &&
+	test 0 = $(git ls-files -o | wc -l) &&
+
+	test $(git rev-parse :0:one) = $(git rev-parse L2:one) &&
+	test $(git rev-parse :0:two) = $(git rev-parse R2:two) &&
+	test $(git rev-parse :2:three) = $(git rev-parse L2:three) &&
+	test $(git rev-parse :3:three) = $(git rev-parse R2:three) &&
+
+	head -n 10 two >merged &&
+	cp one merge-me &&
+	>empty &&
+	test_must_fail git merge-file \
+		-L "Temporary merge branch 2" \
+		-L "" \
+		-L "Temporary merge branch 1" \
+		merged empty merge-me &&
+	test $(git rev-parse :1:three) = $(git hash-object merged)
+'
+
+#
+# For the next test, we start with three commits in two lines of development
+# which setup a rename/add conflict:
+#   Commit A: File 'a' exists
+#   Commit B: Rename 'a' -> 'new_a'
+#   Commit C: Modify 'a', create different 'new_a'
+# Later, two different people merge and resolve differently:
+#   Commit D: Merge B & C, ignoring separately created 'new_a'
+#   Commit E: Merge B & C making use of some piece of secondary 'new_a'
+# Finally, someone goes to merge D & E.  Does git detect the conflict?
+#
+#      B   D
+#      o---o
+#     / \ / \
+#  A o   X   ? F
+#     \ / \ /
+#      o---o
+#      C   E
+#
+
+test_expect_success 'setup differently handled merges of rename/add conflict' '
+	git rm -rf . &&
+	git clean -fdqx &&
+	rm -rf .git &&
+	git init &&
+
+	printf "0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n" >a &&
+	git add a &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m A &&
+
+	git branch B &&
+	git checkout -b C &&
+	echo 10 >>a &&
+	echo "other content" >>new_a &&
+	git add a new_a &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m C &&
+
+	git checkout B &&
+	git mv a new_a &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m B &&
+
+	git checkout B^0 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge C &&
+	git clean -f &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m D &&
+	git tag D &&
+
+	git checkout C^0 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge B &&
+	rm new_a~HEAD new_a &&
+	printf "Incorrectly merged content" >>new_a &&
+	git add -u &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m E &&
+	git tag E
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git detects differently handled merges conflict' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout D^0 &&
+
+	git merge -s recursive E^0 && {
+		echo "BAD: should have conflicted"
+		test "Incorrectly merged content" = "$(cat new_a)" &&
+			echo "BAD: Silently accepted wrong content"
+		return 1
+	}
+
+	test 3 = $(git ls-files -s | wc -l) &&
+	test 3 = $(git ls-files -u | wc -l) &&
+	test 0 = $(git ls-files -o | wc -l) &&
+
+	test $(git rev-parse :2:new_a) = $(git rev-parse D:new_a) &&
+	test $(git rev-parse :3:new_a) = $(git rev-parse E:new_a) &&
+
+	git cat-file -p B:new_a >>merged &&
+	git cat-file -p C:new_a >>merge-me &&
+	>empty &&
+	test_must_fail git merge-file \
+		-L "Temporary merge branch 2" \
+		-L "" \
+		-L "Temporary merge branch 1" \
+		merged empty merge-me &&
+	test $(git rev-parse :1:new_a) = $(git hash-object merged)
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6038-merge-text-auto.sh b/t/t6038-merge-text-auto.sh
index 52d0dc4..460bf74 100755
--- a/t/t6038-merge-text-auto.sh
+++ b/t/t6038-merge-text-auto.sh
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
+test_have_prereq MINGW && SED_OPTIONS=-b
+
 test_expect_success setup '
 	git config core.autocrlf false &&
 
@@ -60,7 +62,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'set up fuzz_conflict() helper' '
 	fuzz_conflict() {
-		sed -e "s/^\([<>=]......\) .*/\1/" "$@"
+		sed $SED_OPTIONS -e "s/^\([<>=]......\) .*/\1/" "$@"
 	}
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t6040-tracking-info.sh b/t/t6040-tracking-info.sh
index 1785e17..1e0447f 100755
--- a/t/t6040-tracking-info.sh
+++ b/t/t6040-tracking-info.sh
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'checkout with local tracked branch' '
 	git checkout master &&
-	git checkout follower >actual
+	git checkout follower >actual &&
 	grep "is ahead of" actual
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t6050-replace.sh b/t/t6050-replace.sh
index 95b180f..ae2194e 100755
--- a/t/t6050-replace.sh
+++ b/t/t6050-replace.sh
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
      echo "line 12" >> hello &&
      echo "line 13" >> hello &&
      add_and_commit_file hello "2 more lines" &&
-     HASH6=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
+     HASH6=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
      echo "line 14" >> hello &&
      echo "line 15" >> hello &&
      echo "line 16" >> hello &&
diff --git a/t/t6200-fmt-merge-msg.sh b/t/t6200-fmt-merge-msg.sh
index 71f6cad..9a16806 100755
--- a/t/t6200-fmt-merge-msg.sh
+++ b/t/t6200-fmt-merge-msg.sh
@@ -129,6 +129,97 @@
 	test_cmp expected actual2
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'setup: clear [merge] configuration' '
+	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.log &&
+	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.summary
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup FETCH_HEAD' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git fetch . left
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge.log=3 limits shortlog length' '
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	Merge branch ${apos}left${apos}
+
+	* left: (5 commits)
+	  Left #5
+	  Left #4
+	  Left #3
+	  ...
+	EOF
+
+	git -c merge.log=3 fmt-merge-msg <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge.log=5 shows all 5 commits' '
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	Merge branch ${apos}left${apos}
+
+	* left:
+	  Left #5
+	  Left #4
+	  Left #3
+	  Common #2
+	  Common #1
+	EOF
+
+	git -c merge.log=5 fmt-merge-msg <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge.log=0 disables shortlog' '
+	echo "Merge branch ${apos}left${apos}" >expected
+	git -c merge.log=0 fmt-merge-msg <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--log=3 limits shortlog length' '
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	Merge branch ${apos}left${apos}
+
+	* left: (5 commits)
+	  Left #5
+	  Left #4
+	  Left #3
+	  ...
+	EOF
+
+	git fmt-merge-msg --log=3 <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--log=5 shows all 5 commits' '
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	Merge branch ${apos}left${apos}
+
+	* left:
+	  Left #5
+	  Left #4
+	  Left #3
+	  Common #2
+	  Common #1
+	EOF
+
+	git fmt-merge-msg --log=5 <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--no-log disables shortlog' '
+	echo "Merge branch ${apos}left${apos}" >expected &&
+	git fmt-merge-msg --no-log <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--log=0 disables shortlog' '
+	echo "Merge branch ${apos}left${apos}" >expected &&
+	git fmt-merge-msg --no-log <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'fmt-merge-msg -m' '
 	echo "Sync with left" >expected &&
 	cat >expected.log <<-EOF &&
diff --git a/t/t6500-gc.sh b/t/t6500-gc.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..82f3639
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6500-gc.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='basic git gc tests
+'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'gc empty repository' '
+	git gc
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'gc --gobbledegook' '
+	test_expect_code 129 git gc --nonsense 2>err &&
+	grep "[Uu]sage: git gc" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'gc -h with invalid configuration' '
+	mkdir broken &&
+	(
+		cd broken &&
+		git init &&
+		echo "[gc] pruneexpire = CORRUPT" >>.git/config &&
+		test_expect_code 129 git gc -h >usage 2>&1
+	) &&
+	grep "[Uu]sage" broken/usage
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7001-mv.sh b/t/t7001-mv.sh
index 65a35d9..a845b15 100755
--- a/t/t7001-mv.sh
+++ b/t/t7001-mv.sh
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
 test_expect_success \
     'checking -f on untracked file with existing target' \
     'touch path0/untracked1 &&
-     git mv -f untracked1 path0
+     test_must_fail git mv -f untracked1 path0 &&
      test ! -f .git/index.lock &&
      test -f untracked1 &&
      test -f path0/untracked1'
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@
 	git init &&
 	echo 1 >dirty &&
 	git add dirty &&
-	entry="$(git ls-files --stage dirty | cut -f 1)"
+	entry="$(git ls-files --stage dirty | cut -f 1)" &&
 	git mv dirty dirty2 &&
 	[ "$entry" = "$(git ls-files --stage dirty2 | cut -f 1)" ] &&
 	echo 2 >dirty2 &&
diff --git a/t/t7004-tag.sh b/t/t7004-tag.sh
index 6841c23..3e7baaf 100755
--- a/t/t7004-tag.sh
+++ b/t/t7004-tag.sh
@@ -1117,13 +1117,23 @@
 
 test_expect_success \
 	'message in editor has initial comment' '
-	GIT_EDITOR=cat git tag -a initial-comment > actual
+	! (GIT_EDITOR=cat git tag -a initial-comment > actual)
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'message in editor has initial comment: first line' '
 	# check the first line --- should be empty
-	first=$(sed -e 1q <actual) &&
-	test -z "$first" &&
+	echo >first.expect &&
+	sed -e 1q <actual >first.actual &&
+	test_cmp first.expect first.actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'message in editor has initial comment: remainder' '
 	# remove commented lines from the remainder -- should be empty
-	rest=$(sed -e 1d -e '/^#/d' <actual) &&
-	test -z "$rest"
+	>rest.expect
+	sed -e 1d -e '/^#/d' <actual >rest.actual &&
+	test_cmp rest.expect rest.actual
 '
 
 get_tag_header reuse $commit commit $time >expect
@@ -1163,7 +1173,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'creating second commit and tag' '
 	echo foo-2.0 >foo &&
 	git add foo &&
-	git commit -m second
+	git commit -m second &&
 	git tag v2.0
 '
 
@@ -1188,18 +1198,18 @@
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'checking that first commit is in all tags (hash)' "
-	git tag -l --contains $hash1 v* >actual
+	git tag -l --contains $hash1 v* >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 # other ways of specifying the commit
 test_expect_success 'checking that first commit is in all tags (tag)' "
-	git tag -l --contains v1.0 v* >actual
+	git tag -l --contains v1.0 v* >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 test_expect_success 'checking that first commit is in all tags (relative)' "
-	git tag -l --contains HEAD~2 v* >actual
+	git tag -l --contains HEAD~2 v* >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
@@ -1208,7 +1218,7 @@
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'checking that second commit only has one tag' "
-	git tag -l --contains $hash2 v* >actual
+	git tag -l --contains $hash2 v* >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
@@ -1217,7 +1227,7 @@
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'checking that third commit has no tags' "
-	git tag -l --contains $hash3 v* >actual
+	git tag -l --contains $hash3 v* >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
@@ -1227,7 +1237,7 @@
 	git branch stable v2.0 &&
         git checkout stable &&
 	echo foo-3.0 > foo &&
-	git commit foo -m fourth
+	git commit foo -m fourth &&
 	git tag v3.0
 '
 
@@ -1238,7 +1248,7 @@
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'checking that branch head only has one tag' "
-	git tag -l --contains $hash4 v* >actual
+	git tag -l --contains $hash4 v* >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
@@ -1252,7 +1262,7 @@
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'checking that original branch head has one tag now' "
-	git tag -l --contains $hash3 v* >actual
+	git tag -l --contains $hash3 v* >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
@@ -1267,18 +1277,18 @@
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'checking that initial commit is in all tags' "
-	git tag -l --contains $hash1 v* >actual
+	git tag -l --contains $hash1 v* >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 # mixing modes and options:
 
 test_expect_success 'mixing incompatibles modes and options is forbidden' '
-	test_must_fail git tag -a
-	test_must_fail git tag -l -v
-	test_must_fail git tag -n 100
-	test_must_fail git tag -l -m msg
-	test_must_fail git tag -l -F some file
+	test_must_fail git tag -a &&
+	test_must_fail git tag -l -v &&
+	test_must_fail git tag -n 100 &&
+	test_must_fail git tag -l -m msg &&
+	test_must_fail git tag -l -F some file &&
 	test_must_fail git tag -v -s
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t7006-pager.sh b/t/t7006-pager.sh
index fb744e3..ed7575d 100755
--- a/t/t7006-pager.sh
+++ b/t/t7006-pager.sh
@@ -4,44 +4,15 @@
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 . "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-pager.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-terminal.sh
 
 cleanup_fail() {
 	echo >&2 cleanup failed
 	(exit 1)
 }
 
-test_expect_success 'set up terminal for tests' '
-	rm -f stdout_is_tty ||
-	cleanup_fail &&
-
-	if test -t 1
-	then
-		>stdout_is_tty
-	elif
-		test_have_prereq PERL &&
-		"$PERL_PATH" "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t7006/test-terminal.perl \
-			sh -c "test -t 1"
-	then
-		>test_terminal_works
-	fi
-'
-
-if test -e stdout_is_tty
-then
-	test_terminal() { "$@"; }
-	test_set_prereq TTY
-elif test -e test_terminal_works
-then
-	test_terminal() {
-		"$PERL_PATH" "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t7006/test-terminal.perl "$@"
-	}
-	test_set_prereq TTY
-else
-	say "# no usable terminal, so skipping some tests"
-fi
-
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
-	unset GIT_PAGER GIT_PAGER_IN_USE;
+	sane_unset GIT_PAGER GIT_PAGER_IN_USE &&
 	test_might_fail git config --unset core.pager &&
 
 	PAGER="cat >paginated.out" &&
@@ -213,11 +184,6 @@
 	colorful colorful.log
 '
 
-if test_have_prereq SIMPLEPAGER && test_have_prereq TTY
-then
-	test_set_prereq SIMPLEPAGERTTY
-fi
-
 # Use this helper to make it easy for the caller of your
 # terminal-using function to specify whether it should fail.
 # If you write
@@ -253,8 +219,8 @@
 test_default_pager() {
 	parse_args "$@"
 
-	$test_expectation SIMPLEPAGERTTY "$cmd - default pager is used by default" "
-		unset PAGER GIT_PAGER;
+	$test_expectation SIMPLEPAGER,TTY "$cmd - default pager is used by default" "
+		sane_unset PAGER GIT_PAGER &&
 		test_might_fail git config --unset core.pager &&
 		rm -f default_pager_used ||
 		cleanup_fail &&
@@ -277,7 +243,7 @@
 	parse_args "$@"
 
 	$test_expectation TTY "$cmd - PAGER overrides default pager" "
-		unset GIT_PAGER;
+		sane_unset GIT_PAGER &&
 		test_might_fail git config --unset core.pager &&
 		rm -f PAGER_used ||
 		cleanup_fail &&
@@ -305,7 +271,7 @@
 	parse_args "$@"
 
 	$test_expectation TTY "$cmd - repository-local core.pager setting $used_if_wanted" "
-		unset GIT_PAGER;
+		sane_unset GIT_PAGER &&
 		rm -f core.pager_used ||
 		cleanup_fail &&
 
@@ -333,7 +299,7 @@
 	parse_args "$@"
 
 	$test_expectation TTY "$cmd - core.pager $used_if_wanted from subdirectory" "
-		unset GIT_PAGER;
+		sane_unset GIT_PAGER &&
 		rm -f core.pager_used &&
 		rm -fr sub ||
 		cleanup_fail &&
@@ -435,4 +401,33 @@
 test_core_pager_subdir    expect_success test_must_fail \
 					 'git -p apply </dev/null'
 
+test_expect_success TTY 'command-specific pager' '
+	unset PAGER GIT_PAGER;
+	echo "foo:initial" >expect &&
+	>actual &&
+	git config --unset core.pager &&
+	git config pager.log "sed s/^/foo:/ >actual" &&
+	test_terminal git log --format=%s -1 &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success TTY 'command-specific pager overrides core.pager' '
+	unset PAGER GIT_PAGER;
+	echo "foo:initial" >expect &&
+	>actual &&
+	git config core.pager "exit 1"
+	git config pager.log "sed s/^/foo:/ >actual" &&
+	test_terminal git log --format=%s -1 &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success TTY 'command-specific pager overridden by environment' '
+	GIT_PAGER="sed s/^/foo:/ >actual" && export GIT_PAGER &&
+	>actual &&
+	echo "foo:initial" >expect &&
+	git config pager.log "exit 1" &&
+	test_terminal git log --format=%s -1 &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7105-reset-patch.sh b/t/t7105-reset-patch.sh
index 9891e2c..95fab20 100755
--- a/t/t7105-reset-patch.sh
+++ b/t/t7105-reset-patch.sh
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 # note: bar sorts before foo, so the first 'n' is always to skip 'bar'
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'saying "n" does nothing' '
-	set_and_save_state dir/foo work work
+	set_and_save_state dir/foo work work &&
 	(echo n; echo n) | git reset -p &&
 	verify_saved_state dir/foo &&
 	verify_saved_state bar
@@ -42,14 +42,14 @@
 # the failure case (and thus get out of the loop).
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'git reset -p dir' '
-	set_state dir/foo work work
+	set_state dir/foo work work &&
 	(echo y; echo n) | git reset -p dir &&
 	verify_state dir/foo work head &&
 	verify_saved_state bar
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'git reset -p -- foo (inside dir)' '
-	set_state dir/foo work work
+	set_state dir/foo work work &&
 	(echo y; echo n) | (cd dir && git reset -p -- foo) &&
 	verify_state dir/foo work head &&
 	verify_saved_state bar
diff --git a/t/t7300-clean.sh b/t/t7300-clean.sh
index 6c776e9..02f67b7 100755
--- a/t/t7300-clean.sh
+++ b/t/t7300-clean.sh
@@ -179,11 +179,11 @@
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'git clean symbolic link' '
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'git clean symbolic link' '
 
 	mkdir -p build docs &&
 	touch a.out src/part3.c docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
-	ln -s docs/manual.txt src/part4.c
+	ln -s docs/manual.txt src/part4.c &&
 	git clean &&
 	test -f Makefile &&
 	test -f README &&
diff --git a/t/t7400-submodule-basic.sh b/t/t7400-submodule-basic.sh
index 782b0a3..2c49db9 100755
--- a/t/t7400-submodule-basic.sh
+++ b/t/t7400-submodule-basic.sh
@@ -421,11 +421,29 @@
 		git commit -m "repo commit 1"
 	) &&
 	git clone --bare repo/ bare.git &&
-	cd addtest &&
-	git submodule add "$submodurl/repo" &&
-	git config -f .gitmodules submodule.repo.path repo &&
-	git submodule add "$submodurl/bare.git" &&
-	git config -f .gitmodules submodule.bare.path bare
+	(
+		cd addtest &&
+		git submodule add "$submodurl/repo" &&
+		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.repo.path repo &&
+		git submodule add "$submodurl/bare.git" &&
+		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.bare.path bare
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add should fail when path is used by a file' '
+	(
+		cd addtest &&
+		touch file &&
+		test_must_fail	git submodule add "$submodurl/repo" file
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add should fail when path is used by an existing directory' '
+	(
+		cd addtest &&
+		mkdir empty-dir &&
+		test_must_fail git submodule add "$submodurl/repo" empty-dir
+	)
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7401-submodule-summary.sh b/t/t7401-submodule-summary.sh
index 2945844..7d7fde0 100755
--- a/t/t7401-submodule-summary.sh
+++ b/t/t7401-submodule-summary.sh
@@ -37,11 +37,12 @@
 test_expect_success 'added submodule' "
 	git add sm1 &&
 	git submodule summary >actual &&
-	diff actual - <<-EOF
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 0000000...$head1 (2):
   > Add foo2
 
 EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 commit_file sm1 &&
@@ -49,20 +50,22 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'modified submodule(forward)' "
 	git submodule summary >actual &&
-	diff actual - <<-EOF
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head1...$head2 (1):
   > Add foo3
 
 EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 test_expect_success 'modified submodule(forward), --files' "
 	git submodule summary --files >actual &&
-	diff actual - <<-EOF
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head1...$head2 (1):
   > Add foo3
 
 EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 commit_file sm1 &&
@@ -74,19 +77,20 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'modified submodule(backward)' "
     git submodule summary >actual &&
-    diff actual - <<-EOF
+    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head2...$head3 (2):
   < Add foo3
   < Add foo2
 
 EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 head4=$(add_file sm1 foo4 foo5) &&
 head4_full=$(GIT_DIR=sm1/.git git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
 test_expect_success 'modified submodule(backward and forward)' "
     git submodule summary >actual &&
-    diff actual - <<-EOF
+    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head2...$head4 (4):
   > Add foo5
   > Add foo4
@@ -94,17 +98,19 @@
   < Add foo2
 
 EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 test_expect_success '--summary-limit' "
     git submodule summary -n 3 >actual &&
-    diff actual - <<-EOF
+    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head2...$head4 (4):
   > Add foo5
   > Add foo4
   < Add foo3
 
 EOF
+    test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 commit_file sm1 &&
@@ -117,30 +123,33 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(submodule->blob), --cached' "
     git submodule summary --cached >actual &&
-    diff actual - <<-EOF
+    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head4(submodule)->$head5(blob) (3):
   < Add foo5
 
 EOF
+	test_cmp actual expected
 "
 
 test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(submodule->blob), --files' "
     git submodule summary --files >actual &&
-    diff actual - <<-EOF
+    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head5(blob)->$head4(submodule) (3):
   > Add foo5
 
 EOF
+    test_cmp actual expected
 "
 
 rm -rf sm1 &&
 git checkout-index sm1
 test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(submodule->blob)' "
     git submodule summary >actual &&
-    diff actual - <<-EOF
+    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head4(submodule)->$head5(blob):
 
 EOF
+    test_cmp actual expected
 "
 
 rm -f sm1 &&
@@ -148,31 +157,34 @@
 head6=$(add_file sm1 foo6 foo7)
 test_expect_success 'nonexistent commit' "
     git submodule summary >actual &&
-    diff actual - <<-EOF
+    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head4...$head6:
   Warn: sm1 doesn't contain commit $head4_full
 
 EOF
+    test_cmp actual expected
 "
 
 commit_file
 test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(blob->submodule)' "
     git submodule summary >actual &&
-    diff actual - <<-EOF
+    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head5(blob)->$head6(submodule) (2):
   > Add foo7
 
 EOF
+    test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 commit_file sm1 &&
 rm -rf sm1
 test_expect_success 'deleted submodule' "
     git submodule summary >actual &&
-    diff actual - <<-EOF
+    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head6...0000000:
 
 EOF
+    test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 test_create_repo sm2 &&
@@ -181,34 +193,37 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'multiple submodules' "
     git submodule summary >actual &&
-    diff actual - <<-EOF
+    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head6...0000000:
 
 * sm2 0000000...$head7 (2):
   > Add foo9
 
 EOF
+    test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 test_expect_success 'path filter' "
     git submodule summary sm2 >actual &&
-    diff actual - <<-EOF
+    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm2 0000000...$head7 (2):
   > Add foo9
 
 EOF
+    test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 commit_file sm2
 test_expect_success 'given commit' "
     git submodule summary HEAD^ >actual &&
-    diff actual - <<-EOF
+    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head6...0000000:
 
 * sm2 0000000...$head7 (2):
   > Add foo9
 
 EOF
+    test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 test_expect_success '--for-status' "
diff --git a/t/t7407-submodule-foreach.sh b/t/t7407-submodule-foreach.sh
index 905a8ba..d8ad250 100755
--- a/t/t7407-submodule-foreach.sh
+++ b/t/t7407-submodule-foreach.sh
@@ -226,6 +226,21 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+sed -e "/nested1 /s/.*/+$nested1sha1 nested1 (file2~1)/;/sub[1-3]/d" < expect > expect2
+mv -f expect2 expect
+
+test_expect_success 'ensure "status --cached --recursive" preserves the --cached flag' '
+	(
+		cd clone3 &&
+		(
+			cd nested1 &&
+			test_commit file2
+		) &&
+		git submodule status --cached --recursive -- nested1 > ../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'use "git clone --recursive" to checkout all submodules' '
 	git clone --recursive super clone4 &&
 	test -d clone4/.git &&
@@ -238,4 +253,39 @@
 	test -d clone4/nested1/nested2/nested3/submodule/.git
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'test "update --recursive" with a flag with spaces' '
+	git clone super "common objects" &&
+	git clone super clone5 &&
+	(
+		cd clone5 &&
+		test ! -d nested1/.git &&
+		git submodule update --init --recursive --reference="$(dirname "$PWD")/common objects" &&
+		test -d nested1/.git &&
+		test -d nested1/nested2/.git &&
+		test -d nested1/nested2/nested3/.git &&
+		test -f nested1/.git/objects/info/alternates &&
+		test -f nested1/nested2/.git/objects/info/alternates &&
+		test -f nested1/nested2/nested3/.git/objects/info/alternates
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'use "update --recursive nested1" to checkout all submodules rooted in nested1' '
+	git clone super clone6 &&
+	(
+		cd clone6 &&
+		test ! -d sub1/.git &&
+		test ! -d sub2/.git &&
+		test ! -d sub3/.git &&
+		test ! -d nested1/.git &&
+		git submodule update --init --recursive -- nested1 &&
+		test ! -d sub1/.git &&
+		test ! -d sub2/.git &&
+		test ! -d sub3/.git &&
+		test -d nested1/.git &&
+		test -d nested1/nested2/.git &&
+		test -d nested1/nested2/nested3/.git &&
+		test -d nested1/nested2/nested3/submodule/.git
+	)
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7500-commit.sh b/t/t7500-commit.sh
index aa9c577..162527c 100755
--- a/t/t7500-commit.sh
+++ b/t/t7500-commit.sh
@@ -215,4 +215,84 @@
 	commit_msg_is "hello there"
 '
 
+commit_for_rebase_autosquash_setup () {
+	echo "first content line" >>foo &&
+	git add foo &&
+	cat >log <<EOF &&
+target message subject line
+
+target message body line 1
+target message body line 2
+EOF
+	git commit -F log &&
+	echo "second content line" >>foo &&
+	git add foo &&
+	git commit -m "intermediate commit" &&
+	echo "third content line" >>foo &&
+	git add foo
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'commit --fixup provides correct one-line commit message' '
+	commit_for_rebase_autosquash_setup &&
+	git commit --fixup HEAD~1 &&
+	commit_msg_is "fixup! target message subject line"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit --squash works with -F' '
+	commit_for_rebase_autosquash_setup &&
+	echo "log message from file" >msgfile &&
+	git commit --squash HEAD~1 -F msgfile  &&
+	commit_msg_is "squash! target message subject linelog message from file"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit --squash works with -m' '
+	commit_for_rebase_autosquash_setup &&
+	git commit --squash HEAD~1 -m "foo bar\nbaz" &&
+	commit_msg_is "squash! target message subject linefoo bar\nbaz"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit --squash works with -C' '
+	commit_for_rebase_autosquash_setup &&
+	git commit --squash HEAD~1 -C HEAD &&
+	commit_msg_is "squash! target message subject lineintermediate commit"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit --squash works with -c' '
+	commit_for_rebase_autosquash_setup &&
+	test_set_editor "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t7500/edit-content &&
+	git commit --squash HEAD~1 -c HEAD &&
+	commit_msg_is "squash! target message subject lineedited commit"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit --squash works with -C for same commit' '
+	commit_for_rebase_autosquash_setup &&
+	git commit --squash HEAD -C HEAD &&
+	commit_msg_is "squash! intermediate commit"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit --squash works with -c for same commit' '
+	commit_for_rebase_autosquash_setup &&
+	test_set_editor "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t7500/edit-content &&
+	git commit --squash HEAD -c HEAD &&
+	commit_msg_is "squash! edited commit"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit --squash works with editor' '
+	commit_for_rebase_autosquash_setup &&
+	test_set_editor "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t7500/add-content &&
+	git commit --squash HEAD~1 &&
+	commit_msg_is "squash! target message subject linecommit message"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'invalid message options when using --fixup' '
+	echo changes >>foo &&
+	echo "message" >log &&
+	git add foo &&
+	test_must_fail git commit --fixup HEAD~1 --squash HEAD~2 &&
+	test_must_fail git commit --fixup HEAD~1 -C HEAD~2 &&
+	test_must_fail git commit --fixup HEAD~1 -c HEAD~2 &&
+	test_must_fail git commit --fixup HEAD~1 -m "cmdline message" &&
+	test_must_fail git commit --fixup HEAD~1 -F log
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7500/edit-content b/t/t7500/edit-content
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..08db9fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7500/edit-content
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+sed -e "s/intermediate/edited/g" <"$1" >"$1-"
+mv "$1-" "$1"
+exit 0
diff --git a/t/t7502-commit.sh b/t/t7502-commit.sh
index ac2e187..50da034 100755
--- a/t/t7502-commit.sh
+++ b/t/t7502-commit.sh
@@ -252,8 +252,8 @@
 
 	echo >>negative &&
 	(
-		unset GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL
-		unset GIT_COMMITTER_NAME
+		sane_unset GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL &&
+		sane_unset GIT_COMMITTER_NAME &&
 		# must fail because there is no change
 		test_must_fail git commit -e -m "sample"
 	) &&
@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@
 
 	test_expect_success 'commit --no-status' '
 		clear_config commit.status &&
-		try_commit --no-status
+		try_commit --no-status &&
 		! grep "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 	'
 
diff --git a/t/t7508-status.sh b/t/t7508-status.sh
index c9300f3..f1dc5c3 100755
--- a/t/t7508-status.sh
+++ b/t/t7508-status.sh
@@ -7,6 +7,30 @@
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
+test_expect_success 'status -h in broken repository' '
+	mkdir broken &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -fr broken" &&
+	(
+		cd broken &&
+		git init &&
+		echo "[status] showuntrackedfiles = CORRUPT" >>.git/config &&
+		test_expect_code 129 git status -h >usage 2>&1
+	) &&
+	grep "[Uu]sage" broken/usage
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit -h in broken repository' '
+	mkdir broken &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -fr broken" &&
+	(
+		cd broken &&
+		git init &&
+		echo "[status] showuntrackedfiles = CORRUPT" >>.git/config &&
+		test_expect_code 129 git commit -h >usage 2>&1
+	) &&
+	grep "[Uu]sage" broken/usage
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
 	: >tracked &&
 	: >modified &&
@@ -44,7 +68,7 @@
 #
 #	new file:   dir2/added
 #
-# Changed but not updated:
+# Changes not staged for commit:
 #   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
 #   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
 #
@@ -73,7 +97,7 @@
 # Changes to be committed:
 #	new file:   dir2/added
 #
-# Changed but not updated:
+# Changes not staged for commit:
 #	modified:   dir1/modified
 #
 # Untracked files:
@@ -140,7 +164,7 @@
 #
 #	new file:   dir2/added
 #
-# Changed but not updated:
+# Changes not staged for commit:
 #   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
 #   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
 #
@@ -167,7 +191,7 @@
 # Changes to be committed:
 #	new file:   dir2/added
 #
-# Changed but not updated:
+# Changes not staged for commit:
 #	modified:   dir1/modified
 #
 # Untracked files not listed
@@ -202,7 +226,7 @@
 #
 #	new file:   dir2/added
 #
-# Changed but not updated:
+# Changes not staged for commit:
 #   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
 #   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
 #
@@ -260,7 +284,7 @@
 #
 #	new file:   dir2/added
 #
-# Changed but not updated:
+# Changes not staged for commit:
 #   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
 #   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
 #
@@ -320,7 +344,7 @@
 #
 #	new file:   ../dir2/added
 #
-# Changed but not updated:
+# Changes not staged for commit:
 #   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
 #   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
 #
@@ -381,18 +405,19 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'setup unique colors' '
 
-	git config status.color.untracked blue
+	git config status.color.untracked blue &&
+	git config status.color.branch green
 
 '
 
 cat >expect <<\EOF
-# On branch master
+# On branch <GREEN>master<RESET>
 # Changes to be committed:
 #   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
 #
 #	<GREEN>new file:   dir2/added<RESET>
 #
-# Changed but not updated:
+# Changes not staged for commit:
 #   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
 #   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
 #
@@ -521,7 +546,7 @@
 #
 #	new file:   dir2/added
 #
-# Changed but not updated:
+# Changes not staged for commit:
 #   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
 #   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
 #
@@ -614,7 +639,7 @@
 #	new file:   dir2/added
 #	new file:   sm
 #
-# Changed but not updated:
+# Changes not staged for commit:
 #   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
 #   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
 #
@@ -673,7 +698,7 @@
 #	new file:   dir2/added
 #	new file:   sm
 #
-# Changed but not updated:
+# Changes not staged for commit:
 #   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
 #   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
 #
@@ -718,7 +743,7 @@
 
 cat >expect <<EOF
 # On branch master
-# Changed but not updated:
+# Changes not staged for commit:
 #   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
 #   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
 #
@@ -766,7 +791,7 @@
 #	new file:   dir2/added
 #	new file:   sm
 #
-# Changed but not updated:
+# Changes not staged for commit:
 #   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
 #   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
 #
@@ -819,7 +844,7 @@
 #
 #	modified:   sm
 #
-# Changed but not updated:
+# Changes not staged for commit:
 #   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
 #   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
 #
@@ -931,7 +956,7 @@
 #
 #	modified:   sm
 #
-# Changed but not updated:
+# Changes not staged for commit:
 #   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
 #   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
 #   (commit or discard the untracked or modified content in submodules)
@@ -989,7 +1014,7 @@
 #
 #	modified:   sm
 #
-# Changed but not updated:
+# Changes not staged for commit:
 #   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
 #   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
 #
@@ -1067,7 +1092,7 @@
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 # On branch master
-# Changed but not updated:
+# Changes not staged for commit:
 #   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
 #   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
 #
diff --git a/t/t7509-commit.sh b/t/t7509-commit.sh
index 643ab03..77b6920 100755
--- a/t/t7509-commit.sh
+++ b/t/t7509-commit.sh
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -a -C Initial --reset-author &&
 	echo "author $GIT_AUTHOR_NAME <$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL> $GIT_AUTHOR_DATE" >expect &&
-	author_header HEAD >actual
+	author_header HEAD >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual &&
 
 	message_body Initial >expect &&
diff --git a/t/t7600-merge.sh b/t/t7600-merge.sh
index b4f40e4..b147a1b 100755
--- a/t/t7600-merge.sh
+++ b/t/t7600-merge.sh
@@ -144,6 +144,17 @@
 	test_must_fail git merge
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'merge -h with invalid index' '
+	mkdir broken &&
+	(
+		cd broken &&
+		git init &&
+		>.git/index &&
+		test_expect_code 129 git merge -h 2>usage
+	) &&
+	grep "[Uu]sage: git merge" broken/usage
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'reject non-strategy with a git-merge-foo name' '
 	test_must_fail git merge -s index c1
 '
diff --git a/t/t7601-merge-pull-config.sh b/t/t7601-merge-pull-config.sh
index 7ba94ea..b44b293 100755
--- a/t/t7601-merge-pull-config.sh
+++ b/t/t7601-merge-pull-config.sh
@@ -114,13 +114,13 @@
 test_expect_success 'merge picks up the best result' '
 	git config --unset-all pull.twohead &&
 	git reset --hard c5 &&
-	git merge -s resolve c6
+	test_must_fail git merge -s resolve c6 &&
 	resolve_count=$(conflict_count) &&
 	git reset --hard c5 &&
-	git merge -s recursive c6
+	test_must_fail git merge -s recursive c6 &&
 	recursive_count=$(conflict_count) &&
 	git reset --hard c5 &&
-	git merge -s recursive -s resolve c6
+	test_must_fail git merge -s recursive -s resolve c6 &&
 	auto_count=$(conflict_count) &&
 	test $auto_count = $recursive_count &&
 	test $auto_count != $resolve_count
@@ -129,13 +129,13 @@
 test_expect_success 'merge picks up the best result (from config)' '
 	git config pull.twohead "recursive resolve" &&
 	git reset --hard c5 &&
-	git merge -s resolve c6
+	test_must_fail git merge -s resolve c6 &&
 	resolve_count=$(conflict_count) &&
 	git reset --hard c5 &&
-	git merge -s recursive c6
+	test_must_fail git merge -s recursive c6 &&
 	recursive_count=$(conflict_count) &&
 	git reset --hard c5 &&
-	git merge c6
+	test_must_fail git merge c6 &&
 	auto_count=$(conflict_count) &&
 	test $auto_count = $recursive_count &&
 	test $auto_count != $resolve_count
diff --git a/t/t7602-merge-octopus-many.sh b/t/t7602-merge-octopus-many.sh
index 2746169..0a46795 100755
--- a/t/t7602-merge-octopus-many.sh
+++ b/t/t7602-merge-octopus-many.sh
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 	do
 		refs="$refs c$i"
 		i=`expr $i + 1`
-	done
+	done &&
 	git merge $refs &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse c1)" != "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" &&
 	i=1 &&
diff --git a/t/t7608-merge-messages.sh b/t/t7608-merge-messages.sh
index 28d5679..9225fa6 100755
--- a/t/t7608-merge-messages.sh
+++ b/t/t7608-merge-messages.sh
@@ -47,14 +47,14 @@
 	check_oneline "Merge commit QambiguousQ"
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'remote branch' '
+test_expect_success 'remote-tracking branch' '
 	git checkout -b remote master &&
 	test_commit remote-1 &&
 	git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/master remote &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_commit master-5 &&
 	git merge origin/master &&
-	check_oneline "Merge remote branch Qorigin/masterQ"
+	check_oneline "Merge remote-tracking branch Qorigin/masterQ"
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7610-mergetool.sh b/t/t7610-mergetool.sh
index 3bd7404..d78bdec 100755
--- a/t/t7610-mergetool.sh
+++ b/t/t7610-mergetool.sh
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'mergetool crlf' '
     git config core.autocrlf true &&
-    git checkout -b test2 branch1
+    git checkout -b test2 branch1 &&
     test_must_fail git merge master >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
     ( yes "" | git mergetool file1 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
     ( yes "" | git mergetool file2 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
diff --git a/t/t7611-merge-abort.sh b/t/t7611-merge-abort.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..61890bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7611-merge-abort.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,313 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test aborting in-progress merges
+
+Set up repo with conflicting and non-conflicting branches:
+
+There are three files foo/bar/baz, and the following graph illustrates the
+content of these files in each commit:
+
+# foo/bar/baz --- foo/bar/bazz     <-- master
+#             \
+#              --- foo/barf/bazf   <-- conflict_branch
+#               \
+#                --- foo/bart/baz  <-- clean_branch
+
+Next, test git merge --abort with the following variables:
+- before/after successful merge (should fail when not in merge context)
+- with/without conflicts
+- clean/dirty index before merge
+- clean/dirty worktree before merge
+- dirty index before merge matches contents on remote branch
+- changed/unchanged worktree after merge
+- changed/unchanged index after merge
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	# Create the above repo
+	echo foo > foo &&
+	echo bar > bar &&
+	echo baz > baz &&
+	git add foo bar baz &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	echo bazz > baz &&
+	git commit -a -m "second" &&
+	git checkout -b conflict_branch HEAD^ &&
+	echo barf > bar &&
+	echo bazf > baz &&
+	git commit -a -m "conflict" &&
+	git checkout -b clean_branch HEAD^ &&
+	echo bart > bar &&
+	git commit -a -m "clean" &&
+	git checkout master
+'
+
+pre_merge_head="$(git rev-parse HEAD)"
+
+test_expect_success 'fails without MERGE_HEAD (unstarted merge)' '
+	test_must_fail git merge --abort 2>output &&
+	grep -q MERGE_HEAD output &&
+	test ! -f .git/MERGE_HEAD &&
+	test "$pre_merge_head" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fails without MERGE_HEAD (completed merge)' '
+	git merge clean_branch &&
+	test ! -f .git/MERGE_HEAD &&
+	# Merge successfully completed
+	post_merge_head="$(git rev-parse HEAD)" &&
+	test_must_fail git merge --abort 2>output &&
+	grep -q MERGE_HEAD output &&
+	test ! -f .git/MERGE_HEAD &&
+	test "$post_merge_head" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Forget previous merge' '
+	git reset --hard "$pre_merge_head"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Abort after --no-commit' '
+	# Redo merge, but stop before creating merge commit
+	git merge --no-commit clean_branch &&
+	test -f .git/MERGE_HEAD &&
+	# Abort non-conflicting merge
+	git merge --abort &&
+	test ! -f .git/MERGE_HEAD &&
+	test "$pre_merge_head" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" &&
+	test -z "$(git diff)" &&
+	test -z "$(git diff --staged)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Abort after conflicts' '
+	# Create conflicting merge
+	test_must_fail git merge conflict_branch &&
+	test -f .git/MERGE_HEAD &&
+	# Abort conflicting merge
+	git merge --abort &&
+	test ! -f .git/MERGE_HEAD &&
+	test "$pre_merge_head" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" &&
+	test -z "$(git diff)" &&
+	test -z "$(git diff --staged)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Clean merge with dirty index fails' '
+	echo xyzzy >> foo &&
+	git add foo &&
+	git diff --staged > expect &&
+	test_must_fail git merge clean_branch &&
+	test ! -f .git/MERGE_HEAD &&
+	test "$pre_merge_head" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" &&
+	test -z "$(git diff)" &&
+	git diff --staged > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Conflicting merge with dirty index fails' '
+	test_must_fail git merge conflict_branch &&
+	test ! -f .git/MERGE_HEAD &&
+	test "$pre_merge_head" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" &&
+	test -z "$(git diff)" &&
+	git diff --staged > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Reset index (but preserve worktree changes)' '
+	git reset "$pre_merge_head" &&
+	git diff > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Abort clean merge with non-conflicting dirty worktree' '
+	git merge --no-commit clean_branch &&
+	test -f .git/MERGE_HEAD &&
+	# Abort merge
+	git merge --abort &&
+	test ! -f .git/MERGE_HEAD &&
+	test "$pre_merge_head" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" &&
+	test -z "$(git diff --staged)" &&
+	git diff > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Abort conflicting merge with non-conflicting dirty worktree' '
+	test_must_fail git merge conflict_branch &&
+	test -f .git/MERGE_HEAD &&
+	# Abort merge
+	git merge --abort &&
+	test ! -f .git/MERGE_HEAD &&
+	test "$pre_merge_head" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" &&
+	test -z "$(git diff --staged)" &&
+	git diff > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Reset worktree changes' '
+	git reset --hard "$pre_merge_head"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Fail clean merge with conflicting dirty worktree' '
+	echo xyzzy >> bar &&
+	git diff > expect &&
+	test_must_fail git merge --no-commit clean_branch &&
+	test ! -f .git/MERGE_HEAD &&
+	test "$pre_merge_head" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" &&
+	test -z "$(git diff --staged)" &&
+	git diff > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Fail conflicting merge with conflicting dirty worktree' '
+	test_must_fail git merge conflict_branch &&
+	test ! -f .git/MERGE_HEAD &&
+	test "$pre_merge_head" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" &&
+	test -z "$(git diff --staged)" &&
+	git diff > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Reset worktree changes' '
+	git reset --hard "$pre_merge_head"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Fail clean merge with matching dirty worktree' '
+	echo bart > bar &&
+	git diff > expect &&
+	test_must_fail git merge --no-commit clean_branch &&
+	test ! -f .git/MERGE_HEAD &&
+	test "$pre_merge_head" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" &&
+	test -z "$(git diff --staged)" &&
+	git diff > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Abort clean merge with matching dirty index' '
+	git add bar &&
+	git diff --staged > expect &&
+	git merge --no-commit clean_branch &&
+	test -f .git/MERGE_HEAD &&
+	### When aborting the merge, git will discard all staged changes,
+	### including those that were staged pre-merge. In other words,
+	### --abort will LOSE any staged changes (the staged changes that
+	### are lost must match the merge result, or the merge would not
+	### have been allowed to start). Change expectations accordingly:
+	rm expect &&
+	touch expect &&
+	# Abort merge
+	git merge --abort &&
+	test ! -f .git/MERGE_HEAD &&
+	test "$pre_merge_head" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" &&
+	git diff --staged > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test -z "$(git diff)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Reset worktree changes' '
+	git reset --hard "$pre_merge_head"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Fail conflicting merge with matching dirty worktree' '
+	echo barf > bar &&
+	git diff > expect &&
+	test_must_fail git merge conflict_branch &&
+	test ! -f .git/MERGE_HEAD &&
+	test "$pre_merge_head" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" &&
+	test -z "$(git diff --staged)" &&
+	git diff > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Abort conflicting merge with matching dirty index' '
+	git add bar &&
+	git diff --staged > expect &&
+	test_must_fail git merge conflict_branch &&
+	test -f .git/MERGE_HEAD &&
+	### When aborting the merge, git will discard all staged changes,
+	### including those that were staged pre-merge. In other words,
+	### --abort will LOSE any staged changes (the staged changes that
+	### are lost must match the merge result, or the merge would not
+	### have been allowed to start). Change expectations accordingly:
+	rm expect &&
+	touch expect &&
+	# Abort merge
+	git merge --abort &&
+	test ! -f .git/MERGE_HEAD &&
+	test "$pre_merge_head" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" &&
+	git diff --staged > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test -z "$(git diff)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Reset worktree changes' '
+	git reset --hard "$pre_merge_head"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Abort merge with pre- and post-merge worktree changes' '
+	# Pre-merge worktree changes
+	echo xyzzy > foo &&
+	echo barf > bar &&
+	git add bar &&
+	git diff > expect &&
+	git diff --staged > expect-staged &&
+	# Perform merge
+	test_must_fail git merge conflict_branch &&
+	test -f .git/MERGE_HEAD &&
+	# Post-merge worktree changes
+	echo yzxxz > foo &&
+	echo blech > baz &&
+	### When aborting the merge, git will discard staged changes (bar)
+	### and unmerged changes (baz). Other changes that are neither
+	### staged nor marked as unmerged (foo), will be preserved. For
+	### these changed, git cannot tell pre-merge changes apart from
+	### post-merge changes, so the post-merge changes will be
+	### preserved. Change expectations accordingly:
+	git diff -- foo > expect &&
+	rm expect-staged &&
+	touch expect-staged &&
+	# Abort merge
+	git merge --abort &&
+	test ! -f .git/MERGE_HEAD &&
+	test "$pre_merge_head" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" &&
+	git diff > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git diff --staged > actual-staged &&
+	test_cmp expect-staged actual-staged
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Reset worktree changes' '
+	git reset --hard "$pre_merge_head"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Abort merge with pre- and post-merge index changes' '
+	# Pre-merge worktree changes
+	echo xyzzy > foo &&
+	echo barf > bar &&
+	git add bar &&
+	git diff > expect &&
+	git diff --staged > expect-staged &&
+	# Perform merge
+	test_must_fail git merge conflict_branch &&
+	test -f .git/MERGE_HEAD &&
+	# Post-merge worktree changes
+	echo yzxxz > foo &&
+	echo blech > baz &&
+	git add foo bar &&
+	### When aborting the merge, git will discard all staged changes
+	### (foo, bar and baz), and no changes will be preserved. Whether
+	### the changes were staged pre- or post-merge does not matter
+	### (except for not preventing starting the merge).
+	### Change expectations accordingly:
+	rm expect expect-staged &&
+	touch expect &&
+	touch expect-staged &&
+	# Abort merge
+	git merge --abort &&
+	test ! -f .git/MERGE_HEAD &&
+	test "$pre_merge_head" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" &&
+	git diff > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git diff --staged > actual-staged &&
+	test_cmp expect-staged actual-staged
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7700-repack.sh b/t/t7700-repack.sh
index c2f66ff..d954b84 100755
--- a/t/t7700-repack.sh
+++ b/t/t7700-repack.sh
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'packed obs in alt ODB are repacked even when local repo is packless' '
-	mkdir alt_objects/pack
+	mkdir alt_objects/pack &&
 	mv .git/objects/pack/* alt_objects/pack &&
 	git repack -a &&
 	myidx=$(ls -1 .git/objects/pack/*.idx) &&
@@ -95,14 +95,14 @@
 	# swap the .keep so the commit object is in the pack with .keep
 	for p in alt_objects/pack/*.pack
 	do
-		base_name=$(basename $p .pack)
+		base_name=$(basename $p .pack) &&
 		if test -f alt_objects/pack/$base_name.keep
 		then
 			rm alt_objects/pack/$base_name.keep
 		else
 			touch alt_objects/pack/$base_name.keep
 		fi
-	done
+	done &&
 	git repack -a -d &&
 	myidx=$(ls -1 .git/objects/pack/*.idx) &&
 	test -f "$myidx" &&
diff --git a/t/t7800-difftool.sh b/t/t7800-difftool.sh
index 58dc6f6..4048d10 100755
--- a/t/t7800-difftool.sh
+++ b/t/t7800-difftool.sh
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@
 
 # Specify the diff tool using $GIT_DIFF_TOOL
 test_expect_success PERL 'GIT_DIFF_TOOL variable' '
-	git config --unset diff.tool
+	test_might_fail git config --unset diff.tool &&
 	GIT_DIFF_TOOL=test-tool &&
 	export GIT_DIFF_TOOL &&
 
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@
 
 # Test that we don't have to pass --no-prompt when mergetool.prompt is false
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool merge.prompt = false' '
-	git config --unset difftool.prompt
+	test_might_fail git config --unset difftool.prompt &&
 	git config mergetool.prompt false &&
 
 	diff=$(git difftool branch) &&
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@
 # git-difftool falls back to git-mergetool config variables
 # so test that behavior here
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool + mergetool config variables' '
-	remove_config_vars
+	remove_config_vars &&
 	git config merge.tool test-tool &&
 	git config mergetool.test-tool.cmd "cat \$LOCAL" &&
 
@@ -254,17 +254,17 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --extcmd echo arg1' '
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --extcmd sh\ -c\ \"echo\ \$1\" branch)
+	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --extcmd sh\ -c\ \"echo\ \$1\" branch) &&
 	test "$diff" = file
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --extcmd cat arg1' '
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --extcmd sh\ -c\ \"cat\ \$1\" branch)
+	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --extcmd sh\ -c\ \"cat\ \$1\" branch) &&
 	test "$diff" = master
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --extcmd cat arg2' '
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --extcmd sh\ -c\ \"cat\ \$2\" branch)
+	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --extcmd sh\ -c\ \"cat\ \$2\" branch) &&
 	test "$diff" = branch
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t7810-grep.sh b/t/t7810-grep.sh
index 023f225..c877758 100755
--- a/t/t7810-grep.sh
+++ b/t/t7810-grep.sh
@@ -324,8 +324,13 @@
 
 	echo a >>file &&
 	test_tick &&
-	git commit -a -m "third"
+	git commit -a -m "third" &&
 
+	echo a >>file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="Night Fall" \
+	GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="nitfol@frobozz.com" \
+	git commit -a -m "fourth"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'log grep (1)' '
@@ -372,6 +377,28 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'log with multiple --author uses union' '
+	git log --author="Thor" --author="Aster" --format=%s >actual &&
+	{
+	    echo third && echo second && echo initial
+	} >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log with --grep and multiple --author uses all-match' '
+	git log --author="Thor" --author="Night" --grep=i --format=%s >actual &&
+	{
+	    echo third && echo initial
+	} >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log with --grep and multiple --author uses all-match' '
+	git log --author="Thor" --author="Night" --grep=q --format=%s >actual &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'grep with CE_VALID file' '
 	git update-index --assume-unchanged t/t &&
 	rm t/t &&
@@ -452,7 +479,7 @@
 		echo file1:hello &&
 		echo sub/file2:world
 	} >non/expect.full &&
-	echo file2:world >non/expect.sub
+	echo file2:world >non/expect.sub &&
 	(
 		GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$(pwd)/non/git" &&
 		export GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES &&
@@ -478,7 +505,7 @@
 		echo sub/file2:world
 	} >is/expect.full &&
 	: >is/expect.empty &&
-	echo file2:world >is/expect.sub
+	echo file2:world >is/expect.sub &&
 	(
 		cd is/git &&
 		git init &&
diff --git a/t/t8002-blame.sh b/t/t8002-blame.sh
index 597cf04..d3a51e1 100755
--- a/t/t8002-blame.sh
+++ b/t/t8002-blame.sh
@@ -6,4 +6,9 @@
 PROG='git blame -c'
 . "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/annotate-tests.sh
 
+PROG='git blame -c -e'
+test_expect_success 'Blame --show-email works' '
+    check_count "<A@test.git>" 1 "<B@test.git>" 1 "<B1@test.git>" 1 "<B2@test.git>" 1 "<author@example.com>" 1 "<C@test.git>" 1 "<D@test.git>" 1
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t8003-blame.sh b/t/t8003-blame-corner-cases.sh
similarity index 100%
rename from t/t8003-blame.sh
rename to t/t8003-blame-corner-cases.sh
diff --git a/t/t8004-blame.sh b/t/t8004-blame-with-conflicts.sh
similarity index 100%
rename from t/t8004-blame.sh
rename to t/t8004-blame-with-conflicts.sh
diff --git a/t/t9001-send-email.sh b/t/t9001-send-email.sh
index a298eb0..1dc4a92 100755
--- a/t/t9001-send-email.sh
+++ b/t/t9001-send-email.sh
@@ -201,10 +201,28 @@
 		grep "^To: to@example.com\$" msgtxt1
 '
 
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'tocmd works' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	cp $patches tocmd.patch &&
+	echo tocmd--tocmd@example.com >>tocmd.patch &&
+	{
+	  echo "#!$SHELL_PATH"
+	  echo sed -n -e s/^tocmd--//p \"\$1\"
+	} > tocmd-sed &&
+	chmod +x tocmd-sed &&
+	git send-email \
+		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+		--to-cmd=./tocmd-sed \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		tocmd.patch \
+		&&
+	grep "^To: tocmd@example.com" msgtxt1
+'
+
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'cccmd works' '
 	clean_fake_sendmail &&
 	cp $patches cccmd.patch &&
-	echo cccmd--cccmd@example.com >>cccmd.patch &&
+	echo "cccmd--  cccmd@example.com" >>cccmd.patch &&
 	{
 	  echo "#!$SHELL_PATH"
 	  echo sed -n -e s/^cccmd--//p \"\$1\"
@@ -295,6 +313,49 @@
 	! grep "^In-Reply-To: < *>" msgtxt1
 '
 
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'In-Reply-To without --chain-reply-to' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	echo "<unique-message-id@example.com>" >expect &&
+	git send-email \
+		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+		--to=nobody@example.com \
+		--nochain-reply-to \
+		--in-reply-to="$(cat expect)" \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		$patches $patches $patches \
+		2>errors &&
+	# The first message is a reply to --in-reply-to
+	sed -n -e "s/^In-Reply-To: *\(.*\)/\1/p" msgtxt1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	# Second and subsequent messages are replies to the first one
+	sed -n -e "s/^Message-Id: *\(.*\)/\1/p" msgtxt1 >expect &&
+	sed -n -e "s/^In-Reply-To: *\(.*\)/\1/p" msgtxt2 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	sed -n -e "s/^In-Reply-To: *\(.*\)/\1/p" msgtxt3 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'In-Reply-To with --chain-reply-to' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	echo "<unique-message-id@example.com>" >expect &&
+	git send-email \
+		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+		--to=nobody@example.com \
+		--chain-reply-to \
+		--in-reply-to="$(cat expect)" \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		$patches $patches $patches \
+		2>errors &&
+	sed -n -e "s/^In-Reply-To: *\(.*\)/\1/p" msgtxt1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	sed -n -e "s/^Message-Id: *\(.*\)/\1/p" msgtxt1 >expect &&
+	sed -n -e "s/^In-Reply-To: *\(.*\)/\1/p" msgtxt2 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	sed -n -e "s/^Message-Id: *\(.*\)/\1/p" msgtxt2 >expect &&
+	sed -n -e "s/^In-Reply-To: *\(.*\)/\1/p" msgtxt3 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'setup fake editor' '
 	(echo "#!$SHELL_PATH" &&
 	 echo "echo fake edit >>\"\$1\""
@@ -947,6 +1008,45 @@
 	! grep "RCPT TO:<other@ex.com>" stdout
 '
 
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'patches To headers are used by default' '
+	patch=`git format-patch -1 --to="bodies@example.com"` &&
+	test_when_finished "rm $patch" &&
+	git send-email \
+		--dry-run \
+		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+		--smtp-server relay.example.com \
+		$patch >stdout &&
+	grep "RCPT TO:<bodies@example.com>" stdout
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'patches To headers are appended to' '
+	patch=`git format-patch -1 --to="bodies@example.com"` &&
+	test_when_finished "rm $patch" &&
+	git send-email \
+		--dry-run \
+		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+		--to=nobody@example.com \
+		--smtp-server relay.example.com \
+		$patch >stdout &&
+	grep "RCPT TO:<bodies@example.com>" stdout &&
+	grep "RCPT TO:<nobody@example.com>" stdout
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'To headers from files reset each patch' '
+	patch1=`git format-patch -1 --to="bodies@example.com"` &&
+	patch2=`git format-patch -1 --to="other@example.com" HEAD~` &&
+	test_when_finished "rm $patch1 && rm $patch2" &&
+	git send-email \
+		--dry-run \
+		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+		--to="nobody@example.com" \
+		--smtp-server relay.example.com \
+		$patch1 $patch2 >stdout &&
+	test $(grep -c "RCPT TO:<bodies@example.com>" stdout) = 1 &&
+	test $(grep -c "RCPT TO:<nobody@example.com>" stdout) = 2 &&
+	test $(grep -c "RCPT TO:<other@example.com>" stdout) = 1
+'
+
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'setup expect' '
 cat >email-using-8bit <<EOF
 From fe6ecc66ece37198fe5db91fa2fc41d9f4fe5cc4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
diff --git a/t/t9010-svn-fe.sh b/t/t9010-svn-fe.sh
index a713dfc..faf9092 100755
--- a/t/t9010-svn-fe.sh
+++ b/t/t9010-svn-fe.sh
@@ -2,9 +2,25 @@
 
 test_description='check svn dumpfile importer'
 
-. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+. ./test-lib.sh
 
-test_dump() {
+if ! svnadmin -h >/dev/null 2>&1
+then
+	skip_all='skipping svn-fe tests, svn not available'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+svnconf=$PWD/svnconf
+export svnconf
+
+svn_cmd () {
+	subcommand=$1 &&
+	shift &&
+	mkdir -p "$svnconf" &&
+	svn "$subcommand" --config-dir "$svnconf" "$@"
+}
+
+test_dump () {
 	label=$1
 	dump=$2
 	test_expect_success "$dump" '
diff --git a/t/t9104-git-svn-follow-parent.sh b/t/t9104-git-svn-follow-parent.sh
index f7f3c5a..13b179e 100755
--- a/t/t9104-git-svn-follow-parent.sh
+++ b/t/t9104-git-svn-follow-parent.sh
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@
 	git svn init --minimize-url -i stunk "$svnrepo"/stunk &&
 	git svn fetch -i stunk &&
 	git svn init --minimize-url -i flunked "$svnrepo"/flunked &&
-	git svn fetch -i flunked
+	git svn fetch -i flunked &&
 	test "`git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/flunk@18`" \
 	   = "`git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/stunk`" &&
 	test "`git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/flunk~1`" \
diff --git a/t/t9119-git-svn-info.sh b/t/t9119-git-svn-info.sh
index f3f397c..ff19695 100755
--- a/t/t9119-git-svn-info.sh
+++ b/t/t9119-git-svn-info.sh
@@ -18,21 +18,14 @@
 	;;
 esac
 
-ptouch() {
-	perl -w -e '
-		use strict;
-		use POSIX qw(mktime);
-		die "ptouch requires exactly 2 arguments" if @ARGV != 2;
-		my $text_last_updated = shift @ARGV;
-		my $git_file = shift @ARGV;
-		die "\"$git_file\" does not exist" if ! -e $git_file;
-		if ($text_last_updated
-		    =~ /(\d{4})-(\d{2})-(\d{2}) (\d{2}):(\d{2}):(\d{2})/) {
-			my $mtime = mktime($6, $5, $4, $3, $2 - 1, $1 - 1900);
-			my $atime = $mtime;
-			utime $atime, $mtime, $git_file;
-		}
-	' "`svn_cmd info $2 | grep '^Text Last Updated:'`" "$1"
+# On the "Text Last Updated" line, "git svn info" does not return the
+# same value as "svn info" (i.e. the commit timestamp that touched the
+# path most recently); do not expect that field to match.
+test_cmp_info () {
+	sed -e '/^Text Last Updated:/d' "$1" >tmp.expect
+	sed -e '/^Text Last Updated:/d' "$2" >tmp.actual
+	test_cmp tmp.expect tmp.actual &&
+	rm -f tmp.expect tmp.actual
 }
 
 quoted_svnrepo="$(echo $svnrepo | sed 's/ /%20/')"
@@ -62,17 +55,13 @@
 		cd gitwc &&
 		git svn init "$svnrepo" &&
 		git svn fetch
-	) &&
-	ptouch gitwc/file svnwc/file &&
-	ptouch gitwc/directory svnwc/directory &&
-	ptouch gitwc/symlink-file svnwc/symlink-file &&
-	ptouch gitwc/symlink-directory svnwc/symlink-directory
+	)
 	'
 
 test_expect_success 'info' "
 	(cd svnwc; svn info) > expected.info &&
 	(cd gitwc; git svn info) > actual.info &&
-	test_cmp expected.info actual.info
+	test_cmp_info expected.info actual.info
 	"
 
 test_expect_success 'info --url' '
@@ -82,7 +71,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'info .' "
 	(cd svnwc; svn info .) > expected.info-dot &&
 	(cd gitwc; git svn info .) > actual.info-dot &&
-	test_cmp expected.info-dot actual.info-dot
+	test_cmp_info expected.info-dot actual.info-dot
 	"
 
 test_expect_success 'info --url .' '
@@ -92,7 +81,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'info file' "
 	(cd svnwc; svn info file) > expected.info-file &&
 	(cd gitwc; git svn info file) > actual.info-file &&
-	test_cmp expected.info-file actual.info-file
+	test_cmp_info expected.info-file actual.info-file
 	"
 
 test_expect_success 'info --url file' '
@@ -102,13 +91,13 @@
 test_expect_success 'info directory' "
 	(cd svnwc; svn info directory) > expected.info-directory &&
 	(cd gitwc; git svn info directory) > actual.info-directory &&
-	test_cmp expected.info-directory actual.info-directory
+	test_cmp_info expected.info-directory actual.info-directory
 	"
 
 test_expect_success 'info inside directory' "
 	(cd svnwc/directory; svn info) > expected.info-inside-directory &&
 	(cd gitwc/directory; git svn info) > actual.info-inside-directory &&
-	test_cmp expected.info-inside-directory actual.info-inside-directory
+	test_cmp_info expected.info-inside-directory actual.info-inside-directory
 	"
 
 test_expect_success 'info --url directory' '
@@ -118,7 +107,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'info symlink-file' "
 	(cd svnwc; svn info symlink-file) > expected.info-symlink-file &&
 	(cd gitwc; git svn info symlink-file) > actual.info-symlink-file &&
-	test_cmp expected.info-symlink-file actual.info-symlink-file
+	test_cmp_info expected.info-symlink-file actual.info-symlink-file
 	"
 
 test_expect_success 'info --url symlink-file' '
@@ -131,7 +120,7 @@
 		> expected.info-symlink-directory &&
 	(cd gitwc; git svn info symlink-directory) \
 		> actual.info-symlink-directory &&
-	test_cmp expected.info-symlink-directory actual.info-symlink-directory
+	test_cmp_info expected.info-symlink-directory actual.info-symlink-directory
 	"
 
 test_expect_success 'info --url symlink-directory' '
@@ -146,14 +135,13 @@
 		git add added-file
 	) &&
 	cp gitwc/added-file svnwc/added-file &&
-	ptouch gitwc/added-file svnwc/added-file &&
 	(
 		cd svnwc &&
 		svn_cmd add added-file > /dev/null
 	) &&
 	(cd svnwc; svn info added-file) > expected.info-added-file &&
 	(cd gitwc; git svn info added-file) > actual.info-added-file &&
-	test_cmp expected.info-added-file actual.info-added-file
+	test_cmp_info expected.info-added-file actual.info-added-file
 	"
 
 test_expect_success 'info --url added-file' '
@@ -163,7 +151,6 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'info added-directory' "
 	mkdir gitwc/added-directory svnwc/added-directory &&
-	ptouch gitwc/added-directory svnwc/added-directory &&
 	touch gitwc/added-directory/.placeholder &&
 	(
 		cd svnwc &&
@@ -177,7 +164,7 @@
 		> expected.info-added-directory &&
 	(cd gitwc; git svn info added-directory) \
 		> actual.info-added-directory &&
-	test_cmp expected.info-added-directory actual.info-added-directory
+	test_cmp_info expected.info-added-directory actual.info-added-directory
 	"
 
 test_expect_success 'info --url added-directory' '
@@ -196,13 +183,12 @@
 		ln -s added-file added-symlink-file &&
 		svn_cmd add added-symlink-file > /dev/null
 	) &&
-	ptouch gitwc/added-symlink-file svnwc/added-symlink-file &&
 	(cd svnwc; svn info added-symlink-file) \
 		> expected.info-added-symlink-file &&
 	(cd gitwc; git svn info added-symlink-file) \
 		> actual.info-added-symlink-file &&
-	test_cmp expected.info-added-symlink-file \
-		 actual.info-added-symlink-file
+	test_cmp_info expected.info-added-symlink-file \
+		actual.info-added-symlink-file
 	"
 
 test_expect_success 'info --url added-symlink-file' '
@@ -221,13 +207,12 @@
 		ln -s added-directory added-symlink-directory &&
 		svn_cmd add added-symlink-directory > /dev/null
 	) &&
-	ptouch gitwc/added-symlink-directory svnwc/added-symlink-directory &&
 	(cd svnwc; svn info added-symlink-directory) \
 		> expected.info-added-symlink-directory &&
 	(cd gitwc; git svn info added-symlink-directory) \
 		> actual.info-added-symlink-directory &&
-	test_cmp expected.info-added-symlink-directory \
-		 actual.info-added-symlink-directory
+	test_cmp_info expected.info-added-symlink-directory \
+		actual.info-added-symlink-directory
 	"
 
 test_expect_success 'info --url added-symlink-directory' '
@@ -235,11 +220,6 @@
 	     = "$quoted_svnrepo/added-symlink-directory"
 	'
 
-# The next few tests replace the "Text Last Updated" value with a
-# placeholder since git doesn't have a way to know the date that a
-# now-deleted file was last checked out locally.  Internally it
-# simply reuses the Last Changed Date.
-
 test_expect_success 'info deleted-file' "
 	(
 		cd gitwc &&
@@ -249,13 +229,9 @@
 		cd svnwc &&
 		svn_cmd rm --force file > /dev/null
 	) &&
-	(cd svnwc; svn info file) |
-	sed -e 's/^\(Text Last Updated:\).*/\1 TEXT-LAST-UPDATED-STRING/' \
-		> expected.info-deleted-file &&
-	(cd gitwc; git svn info file) |
-	sed -e 's/^\(Text Last Updated:\).*/\1 TEXT-LAST-UPDATED-STRING/' \
-		> actual.info-deleted-file &&
-	test_cmp expected.info-deleted-file actual.info-deleted-file
+	(cd svnwc; svn info file) >expected.info-deleted-file &&
+	(cd gitwc; git svn info file) >actual.info-deleted-file &&
+	test_cmp_info expected.info-deleted-file actual.info-deleted-file
 	"
 
 test_expect_success 'info --url file (deleted)' '
@@ -272,13 +248,9 @@
 		cd svnwc &&
 		svn_cmd rm --force directory > /dev/null
 	) &&
-	(cd svnwc; svn info directory) |
-	sed -e 's/^\(Text Last Updated:\).*/\1 TEXT-LAST-UPDATED-STRING/' \
-		> expected.info-deleted-directory &&
-	(cd gitwc; git svn info directory) |
-	sed -e 's/^\(Text Last Updated:\).*/\1 TEXT-LAST-UPDATED-STRING/' \
-		> actual.info-deleted-directory &&
-	test_cmp expected.info-deleted-directory actual.info-deleted-directory
+	(cd svnwc; svn info directory) >expected.info-deleted-directory &&
+	(cd gitwc; git svn info directory) >actual.info-deleted-directory &&
+	test_cmp_info expected.info-deleted-directory actual.info-deleted-directory
 	"
 
 test_expect_success 'info --url directory (deleted)' '
@@ -295,14 +267,9 @@
 		cd svnwc &&
 		svn_cmd rm --force symlink-file > /dev/null
 	) &&
-	(cd svnwc; svn info symlink-file) |
-	sed -e 's/^\(Text Last Updated:\).*/\1 TEXT-LAST-UPDATED-STRING/' \
-		> expected.info-deleted-symlink-file &&
-	(cd gitwc; git svn info symlink-file) |
-	sed -e 's/^\(Text Last Updated:\).*/\1 TEXT-LAST-UPDATED-STRING/' \
-		> actual.info-deleted-symlink-file &&
-	test_cmp expected.info-deleted-symlink-file \
-		 actual.info-deleted-symlink-file
+	(cd svnwc; svn info symlink-file) >expected.info-deleted-symlink-file &&
+	(cd gitwc; git svn info symlink-file) >actual.info-deleted-symlink-file &&
+	test_cmp_info expected.info-deleted-symlink-file actual.info-deleted-symlink-file
 	"
 
 test_expect_success 'info --url symlink-file (deleted)' '
@@ -319,14 +286,9 @@
 		cd svnwc &&
 		svn_cmd rm --force symlink-directory > /dev/null
 	) &&
-	(cd svnwc; svn info symlink-directory) |
-	sed -e 's/^\(Text Last Updated:\).*/\1 TEXT-LAST-UPDATED-STRING/' \
-		 > expected.info-deleted-symlink-directory &&
-	(cd gitwc; git svn info symlink-directory) |
-	sed -e 's/^\(Text Last Updated:\).*/\1 TEXT-LAST-UPDATED-STRING/' \
-		 > actual.info-deleted-symlink-directory &&
-	test_cmp expected.info-deleted-symlink-directory \
-		 actual.info-deleted-symlink-directory
+	(cd svnwc; svn info symlink-directory) >expected.info-deleted-symlink-directory &&
+	(cd gitwc; git svn info symlink-directory) >actual.info-deleted-symlink-directory &&
+	test_cmp_info expected.info-deleted-symlink-directory actual.info-deleted-symlink-directory
 	"
 
 test_expect_success 'info --url symlink-directory (deleted)' '
diff --git a/t/t9123-git-svn-rebuild-with-rewriteroot.sh b/t/t9123-git-svn-rebuild-with-rewriteroot.sh
index 0ed90d9..fd81847 100755
--- a/t/t9123-git-svn-rebuild-with-rewriteroot.sh
+++ b/t/t9123-git-svn-rebuild-with-rewriteroot.sh
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'init, fetch and checkout repository' '
 	git svn init --rewrite-root=http://invalid.invalid/ "$svnrepo" &&
-	git svn fetch
+	git svn fetch &&
 	git checkout -b mybranch ${remotes_git_svn}
 	'
 
diff --git a/t/t9124-git-svn-dcommit-auto-props.sh b/t/t9124-git-svn-dcommit-auto-props.sh
index d6b076f..aa841e1 100755
--- a/t/t9124-git-svn-dcommit-auto-props.sh
+++ b/t/t9124-git-svn-dcommit-auto-props.sh
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 		svn_cmd import -m "import for git svn" . "$svnrepo"
 	) &&
 	rm -rf import &&
-	git svn init "$svnrepo"
+	git svn init "$svnrepo" &&
 	git svn fetch
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t9142-git-svn-shallow-clone.sh b/t/t9142-git-svn-shallow-clone.sh
index 1236acc..e21ee5f 100755
--- a/t/t9142-git-svn-shallow-clone.sh
+++ b/t/t9142-git-svn-shallow-clone.sh
@@ -17,11 +17,10 @@
 		> foo &&
 		svn_cmd add foo &&
 		svn_cmd commit -m "add foo"
-	)
+	) &&
+	start_httpd
 '
 
-start_httpd
-
 test_expect_success 'clone trunk with "-r HEAD"' '
 	git svn clone -r HEAD "$svnrepo/trunk" g &&
 	( cd g && git rev-parse --symbolic --verify HEAD )
diff --git a/t/t9143-git-svn-gc.sh b/t/t9143-git-svn-gc.sh
index 337ea59..4594e1a 100755
--- a/t/t9143-git-svn-gc.sh
+++ b/t/t9143-git-svn-gc.sh
@@ -37,13 +37,11 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'git svn index removed' '! test -f .git/svn/refs/remotes/git-svn/index'
 
-if perl -MCompress::Zlib -e 0 2>/dev/null
+if test -r .git/svn/refs/remotes/git-svn/unhandled.log.gz
 then
 	test_expect_success 'git svn gc produces a valid gzip file' '
 		 gunzip .git/svn/refs/remotes/git-svn/unhandled.log.gz
 		'
-else
-	say "# Perl Compress::Zlib unavailable, skipping gunzip test"
 fi
 
 test_expect_success 'git svn gc does not change unhandled.log files' '
diff --git a/t/t9146-git-svn-empty-dirs.sh b/t/t9146-git-svn-empty-dirs.sh
index 565365c..158c8e3 100755
--- a/t/t9146-git-svn-empty-dirs.sh
+++ b/t/t9146-git-svn-empty-dirs.sh
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git svn rebase creates empty directory' '
-	( cd cloned && git svn rebase )
+	( cd cloned && git svn rebase ) &&
 	test -d cloned/"! !"
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t9151-svn-mergeinfo.sh b/t/t9151-svn-mergeinfo.sh
index 250c651..4f6c06e 100755
--- a/t/t9151-svn-mergeinfo.sh
+++ b/t/t9151-svn-mergeinfo.sh
@@ -18,39 +18,39 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'all svn merges became git merge commits' '
 	unmarked=$(git rev-list --parents --all --grep=Merge |
-		grep -v " .* " | cut -f1 -d" ")
+		grep -v " .* " | cut -f1 -d" ") &&
 	[ -z "$unmarked" ]
 	'
 
 test_expect_success 'cherry picks did not become git merge commits' '
 	bad_cherries=$(git rev-list --parents --all --grep=Cherry |
-		grep " .* " | cut -f1 -d" ")
+		grep " .* " | cut -f1 -d" ") &&
 	[ -z "$bad_cherries" ]
 	'
 
 test_expect_success 'svn non-merge merge commits did not become git merge commits' '
 	bad_non_merges=$(git rev-list --parents --all --grep=non-merge |
-		grep " .* " | cut -f1 -d" ")
+		grep " .* " | cut -f1 -d" ") &&
 	[ -z "$bad_non_merges" ]
 	'
 
 test_expect_success 'commit made to merged branch is reachable from the merge' '
-	before_commit=$(git rev-list --all --grep="trunk commit before merging trunk to b2")
-	merge_commit=$(git rev-list --all --grep="Merge trunk to b2")
-	not_reachable=$(git rev-list -1 $before_commit --not $merge_commit)
+	before_commit=$(git rev-list --all --grep="trunk commit before merging trunk to b2") &&
+	merge_commit=$(git rev-list --all --grep="Merge trunk to b2") &&
+	not_reachable=$(git rev-list -1 $before_commit --not $merge_commit) &&
 	[ -z "$not_reachable" ]
 	'
 
 test_expect_success 'merging two branches in one commit is detected correctly' '
-	f1_commit=$(git rev-list --all --grep="make f1 branch from trunk")
-	f2_commit=$(git rev-list --all --grep="make f2 branch from trunk")
-	merge_commit=$(git rev-list --all --grep="Merge f1 and f2 to trunk")
-	not_reachable=$(git rev-list -1 $f1_commit $f2_commit --not $merge_commit)
+	f1_commit=$(git rev-list --all --grep="make f1 branch from trunk") &&
+	f2_commit=$(git rev-list --all --grep="make f2 branch from trunk") &&
+	merge_commit=$(git rev-list --all --grep="Merge f1 and f2 to trunk") &&
+	not_reachable=$(git rev-list -1 $f1_commit $f2_commit --not $merge_commit) &&
 	[ -z "$not_reachable" ]
 	'
 
 test_expect_failure 'everything got merged in the end' '
-	unmerged=$(git rev-list --all --not master)
+	unmerged=$(git rev-list --all --not master) &&
 	[ -z "$unmerged" ]
 	'
 
diff --git a/t/t9157-git-svn-fetch-merge.sh b/t/t9157-git-svn-fetch-merge.sh
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
diff --git a/t/t9158-git-svn-mergeinfo.sh b/t/t9158-git-svn-mergeinfo.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3ab4390
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9158-git-svn-mergeinfo.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2010 Steven Walter
+#
+
+test_description='git svn mergeinfo propagation'
+
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+say 'define NO_SVN_TESTS to skip git svn tests'
+
+test_expect_success 'initialize source svn repo' '
+	svn_cmd mkdir -m x "$svnrepo"/trunk &&
+	svn_cmd co "$svnrepo"/trunk "$SVN_TREE" &&
+	(
+		cd "$SVN_TREE" &&
+		touch foo &&
+		svn_cmd add foo &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "initial commit"
+	) &&
+	rm -rf "$SVN_TREE"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone svn repo' '
+	git svn init "$svnrepo"/trunk &&
+	git svn fetch
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'change svn:mergeinfo' '
+	touch bar &&
+	git add bar &&
+	git commit -m "bar" &&
+	git svn dcommit --mergeinfo="/branches/foo:1-10"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'verify svn:mergeinfo' '
+	mergeinfo=$(svn_cmd propget svn:mergeinfo "$svnrepo"/trunk)
+	test "$mergeinfo" = "/branches/foo:1-10"
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9300-fast-import.sh b/t/t9300-fast-import.sh
index 7c05920..222d105 100755
--- a/t/t9300-fast-import.sh
+++ b/t/t9300-fast-import.sh
@@ -7,6 +7,23 @@
 . ./test-lib.sh
 . "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/diff-lib.sh ;# test-lib chdir's into trash
 
+# Print $1 bytes from stdin to stdout.
+#
+# This could be written as "head -c $1", but IRIX "head" does not
+# support the -c option.
+head_c () {
+	perl -e '
+		my $len = $ARGV[1];
+		while ($len > 0) {
+			my $s;
+			my $nread = sysread(STDIN, $s, $len);
+			die "cannot read: $!" unless defined($nread);
+			print $s;
+			$len -= $nread;
+		}
+	' - "$1"
+}
+
 file2_data='file2
 second line of EOF'
 
@@ -23,11 +40,18 @@
 file6_data='#!/bin/sh
 echo "$@"'
 
+>empty
+
 ###
 ### series A
 ###
 
 test_tick
+
+test_expect_success 'empty stream succeeds' '
+	git fast-import </dev/null
+'
+
 cat >input <<INPUT_END
 blob
 mark :2
@@ -321,7 +345,7 @@
 	'for p in .git/objects/pack/*.pack;do git verify-pack $p||exit;done'
 test_expect_success \
 	'C: validate reuse existing blob' \
-	'test $newf = `git rev-parse --verify branch:file2/newf`
+	'test $newf = `git rev-parse --verify branch:file2/newf` &&
 	 test $oldf = `git rev-parse --verify branch:file2/oldf`'
 
 cat >expect <<EOF
@@ -875,6 +899,27 @@
 	 compare_diff_raw expect actual'
 
 test_expect_success \
+	'N: copy root directory by tree hash' \
+	'cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	:100755 000000 f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	file3/newf
+	:100644 000000 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	file3/oldf
+	EOF
+	 root=$(git rev-parse refs/heads/branch^0^{tree}) &&
+	 cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	commit refs/heads/N6
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	copy root directory by tree hash
+	COMMIT
+
+	from refs/heads/branch^0
+	M 040000 $root ""
+	INPUT_END
+	 git fast-import <input &&
+	 git diff-tree -C --find-copies-harder -r N4 N6 >actual &&
+	 compare_diff_raw expect actual'
+
+test_expect_success \
 	'N: modify copied tree' \
 	'cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
 	:100644 100644 fcf778cda181eaa1cbc9e9ce3a2e15ee9f9fe791 fcf778cda181eaa1cbc9e9ce3a2e15ee9f9fe791 C100	newdir/interesting	file3/file5
@@ -907,6 +952,114 @@
 	 git diff-tree -C --find-copies-harder -r N5^^ N5 >actual &&
 	 compare_diff_raw expect actual'
 
+test_expect_success \
+	'N: reject foo/ syntax' \
+	'subdir=$(git rev-parse refs/heads/branch^0:file2) &&
+	 test_must_fail git fast-import <<-INPUT_END
+	commit refs/heads/N5B
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	copy with invalid syntax
+	COMMIT
+
+	from refs/heads/branch^0
+	M 040000 $subdir file3/
+	INPUT_END'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'N: copy to root by id and modify' \
+	'echo "hello, world" >expect.foo &&
+	 echo hello >expect.bar &&
+	 git fast-import <<-SETUP_END &&
+	commit refs/heads/N7
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	hello, tree
+	COMMIT
+
+	deleteall
+	M 644 inline foo/bar
+	data <<EOF
+	hello
+	EOF
+	SETUP_END
+
+	 tree=$(git rev-parse --verify N7:) &&
+	 git fast-import <<-INPUT_END &&
+	commit refs/heads/N8
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	copy to root by id and modify
+	COMMIT
+
+	M 040000 $tree ""
+	M 644 inline foo/foo
+	data <<EOF
+	hello, world
+	EOF
+	INPUT_END
+	 git show N8:foo/foo >actual.foo &&
+	 git show N8:foo/bar >actual.bar &&
+	 test_cmp expect.foo actual.foo &&
+	 test_cmp expect.bar actual.bar'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'N: extract subtree' \
+	'branch=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/branch^{tree}) &&
+	 cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	commit refs/heads/N9
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	extract subtree branch:newdir
+	COMMIT
+
+	M 040000 $branch ""
+	C "newdir" ""
+	INPUT_END
+	 git fast-import <input &&
+	 git diff --exit-code branch:newdir N9'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'N: modify subtree, extract it, and modify again' \
+	'echo hello >expect.baz &&
+	 echo hello, world >expect.qux &&
+	 git fast-import <<-SETUP_END &&
+	commit refs/heads/N10
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	hello, tree
+	COMMIT
+
+	deleteall
+	M 644 inline foo/bar/baz
+	data <<EOF
+	hello
+	EOF
+	SETUP_END
+
+	 tree=$(git rev-parse --verify N10:) &&
+	 git fast-import <<-INPUT_END &&
+	commit refs/heads/N11
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	copy to root by id and modify
+	COMMIT
+
+	M 040000 $tree ""
+	M 100644 inline foo/bar/qux
+	data <<EOF
+	hello, world
+	EOF
+	R "foo" ""
+	C "bar/qux" "bar/quux"
+	INPUT_END
+	 git show N11:bar/baz >actual.baz &&
+	 git show N11:bar/qux >actual.qux &&
+	 git show N11:bar/quux >actual.quux &&
+	 test_cmp expect.baz actual.baz &&
+	 test_cmp expect.qux actual.qux &&
+	 test_cmp expect.qux actual.quux'
+
 ###
 ### series O
 ###
@@ -1611,6 +1764,253 @@
     test_cmp marks.new non-relative.out
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'R: feature cat-blob supported' '
+	echo "feature cat-blob" |
+	git fast-import
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'R: cat-blob-fd must be a nonnegative integer' '
+	test_must_fail git fast-import --cat-blob-fd=-1 </dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'R: print old blob' '
+	blob=$(echo "yes it can" | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	${blob} blob 11
+	yes it can
+
+	EOF
+	echo "cat-blob $blob" |
+	git fast-import --cat-blob-fd=6 6>actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'R: in-stream cat-blob-fd not respected' '
+	echo hello >greeting &&
+	blob=$(git hash-object -w greeting) &&
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	${blob} blob 6
+	hello
+
+	EOF
+	git fast-import --cat-blob-fd=3 3>actual.3 >actual.1 <<-EOF &&
+	cat-blob $blob
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual.3 &&
+	test_cmp empty actual.1 &&
+	git fast-import 3>actual.3 >actual.1 <<-EOF &&
+	option cat-blob-fd=3
+	cat-blob $blob
+	EOF
+	test_cmp empty actual.3 &&
+	test_cmp expect actual.1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'R: print new blob' '
+	blob=$(echo "yep yep yep" | git hash-object --stdin) &&
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	${blob} blob 12
+	yep yep yep
+
+	EOF
+	git fast-import --cat-blob-fd=6 6>actual <<-\EOF &&
+	blob
+	mark :1
+	data <<BLOB_END
+	yep yep yep
+	BLOB_END
+	cat-blob :1
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'R: print new blob by sha1' '
+	blob=$(echo "a new blob named by sha1" | git hash-object --stdin) &&
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	${blob} blob 25
+	a new blob named by sha1
+
+	EOF
+	git fast-import --cat-blob-fd=6 6>actual <<-EOF &&
+	blob
+	data <<BLOB_END
+	a new blob named by sha1
+	BLOB_END
+	cat-blob $blob
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup: big file' '
+	(
+		echo "the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog" >big &&
+		for i in 1 2 3
+		do
+			cat big big big big >bigger &&
+			cat bigger bigger bigger bigger >big ||
+			exit
+		done
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'R: print two blobs to stdout' '
+	blob1=$(git hash-object big) &&
+	blob1_len=$(wc -c <big) &&
+	blob2=$(echo hello | git hash-object --stdin) &&
+	{
+		echo ${blob1} blob $blob1_len &&
+		cat big &&
+		cat <<-EOF
+
+		${blob2} blob 6
+		hello
+
+		EOF
+	} >expect &&
+	{
+		cat <<-\END_PART1 &&
+			blob
+			mark :1
+			data <<data_end
+		END_PART1
+		cat big &&
+		cat <<-\EOF
+			data_end
+			blob
+			mark :2
+			data <<data_end
+			hello
+			data_end
+			cat-blob :1
+			cat-blob :2
+		EOF
+	} |
+	git fast-import >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup: have pipes?' '
+	rm -f frob &&
+	if mkfifo frob
+	then
+		test_set_prereq PIPE
+	fi
+'
+
+test_expect_success PIPE 'R: copy using cat-file' '
+	expect_id=$(git hash-object big) &&
+	expect_len=$(wc -c <big) &&
+	echo $expect_id blob $expect_len >expect.response &&
+
+	rm -f blobs &&
+	cat >frontend <<-\FRONTEND_END &&
+	#!/bin/sh
+	FRONTEND_END
+
+	mkfifo blobs &&
+	(
+		export GIT_COMMITTER_NAME GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL GIT_COMMITTER_DATE &&
+		cat <<-\EOF &&
+		feature cat-blob
+		blob
+		mark :1
+		data <<BLOB
+		EOF
+		cat big &&
+		cat <<-\EOF &&
+		BLOB
+		cat-blob :1
+		EOF
+
+		read blob_id type size <&3 &&
+		echo "$blob_id $type $size" >response &&
+		head_c $size >blob <&3 &&
+		read newline <&3 &&
+
+		cat <<-EOF &&
+		commit refs/heads/copied
+		committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+		data <<COMMIT
+		copy big file as file3
+		COMMIT
+		M 644 inline file3
+		data <<BLOB
+		EOF
+		cat blob &&
+		echo BLOB
+	) 3<blobs |
+	git fast-import --cat-blob-fd=3 3>blobs &&
+	git show copied:file3 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.response response &&
+	test_cmp big actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success PIPE 'R: print blob mid-commit' '
+	rm -f blobs &&
+	echo "A blob from _before_ the commit." >expect &&
+	mkfifo blobs &&
+	(
+		exec 3<blobs &&
+		cat <<-EOF &&
+		feature cat-blob
+		blob
+		mark :1
+		data <<BLOB
+		A blob from _before_ the commit.
+		BLOB
+		commit refs/heads/temporary
+		committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+		data <<COMMIT
+		Empty commit
+		COMMIT
+		cat-blob :1
+		EOF
+
+		read blob_id type size <&3 &&
+		head_c $size >actual <&3 &&
+		read newline <&3 &&
+
+		echo
+	) |
+	git fast-import --cat-blob-fd=3 3>blobs &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success PIPE 'R: print staged blob within commit' '
+	rm -f blobs &&
+	echo "A blob from _within_ the commit." >expect &&
+	mkfifo blobs &&
+	(
+		exec 3<blobs &&
+		cat <<-EOF &&
+		feature cat-blob
+		commit refs/heads/within
+		committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+		data <<COMMIT
+		Empty commit
+		COMMIT
+		M 644 inline within
+		data <<BLOB
+		A blob from _within_ the commit.
+		BLOB
+		EOF
+
+		to_get=$(
+			echo "A blob from _within_ the commit." |
+			git hash-object --stdin
+		) &&
+		echo "cat-blob $to_get" &&
+
+		read blob_id type size <&3 &&
+		head_c $size >actual <&3 &&
+		read newline <&3 &&
+
+		echo deleteall
+	) |
+	git fast-import --cat-blob-fd=3 3>blobs &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 cat >input << EOF
 option git quiet
 blob
@@ -1619,8 +2019,6 @@
 
 EOF
 
-touch empty
-
 test_expect_success 'R: quiet option results in no stats being output' '
     cat input | git fast-import 2> output &&
     test_cmp empty output
@@ -1638,6 +2036,14 @@
     test_must_fail git fast-import --non-existing-option < /dev/null
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'R: die on invalid option argument' '
+	echo "option git active-branches=-5" |
+	test_must_fail git fast-import &&
+	echo "option git depth=" |
+	test_must_fail git fast-import &&
+	test_must_fail git fast-import --depth="5 elephants" </dev/null
+'
+
 cat >input <<EOF
 option non-existing-vcs non-existing-option
 EOF
diff --git a/t/t9301-fast-import-notes.sh b/t/t9301-fast-import-notes.sh
index a5c99d8..7cf8cd8 100755
--- a/t/t9301-fast-import-notes.sh
+++ b/t/t9301-fast-import-notes.sh
@@ -255,13 +255,18 @@
 
 INPUT_END
 
+whitespace="    "
+
 cat >expect <<EXPECT_END
     fourth commit
     pre-prefix of note for fourth commit
+$whitespace
     prefix of note for fourth commit
+$whitespace
     third note for fourth commit
     third commit
     prefix of note for third commit
+$whitespace
     third note for third commit
     second commit
     third note for second commit
diff --git a/t/t9350-fast-export.sh b/t/t9350-fast-export.sh
index 8c8e679..f823c05 100755
--- a/t/t9350-fast-export.sh
+++ b/t/t9350-fast-export.sh
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 	test_tick &&
 	git tag rein &&
 	git checkout -b wer HEAD^ &&
-	echo lange > file2
+	echo lange > file2 &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m sitzt file2 &&
 	test_tick &&
diff --git a/t/t9400-git-cvsserver-server.sh b/t/t9400-git-cvsserver-server.sh
index 36c457e..9199550 100755
--- a/t/t9400-git-cvsserver-server.sh
+++ b/t/t9400-git-cvsserver-server.sh
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
 # as argument to co -d
 test_expect_success 'basic checkout' \
   'GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs -Q co -d cvswork master &&
-   test "$(echo $(grep -v ^D cvswork/CVS/Entries|cut -d/ -f2,3,5 | head -n 1))" = "empty/1.1/"
+   test "$(echo $(grep -v ^D cvswork/CVS/Entries|cut -d/ -f2,3,5 | head -n 1))" = "empty/1.1/" &&
    test "$(echo $(grep -v ^D cvswork/CVS/Entries|cut -d/ -f2,3,5 | sed -ne \$p))" = "secondrootfile/1.1/"'
 
 #------------------------
diff --git a/t/t9401-git-cvsserver-crlf.sh b/t/t9401-git-cvsserver-crlf.sh
index 1bbfd82..ff6d6fb 100755
--- a/t/t9401-git-cvsserver-crlf.sh
+++ b/t/t9401-git-cvsserver-crlf.sh
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@
     mkdir subdir &&
     echo "Another text file" > subdir/file.h &&
     echo "Another binary: Q (this time CR)" | q_to_cr > subdir/withCr.bin &&
-    echo "Mixed up NUL, but marked text: Q <- there" | q_to_nul > mixedUp.c
+    echo "Mixed up NUL, but marked text: Q <- there" | q_to_nul > mixedUp.c &&
     echo "Unspecified" > subdir/unspecified.other &&
     echo "/*.bin -crlf" > .gitattributes &&
     echo "/*.c crlf" >> .gitattributes &&
diff --git a/t/t9500-gitweb-standalone-no-errors.sh b/t/t9500-gitweb-standalone-no-errors.sh
index 4f2b9b0..21cd286 100755
--- a/t/t9500-gitweb-standalone-no-errors.sh
+++ b/t/t9500-gitweb-standalone-no-errors.sh
@@ -650,25 +650,26 @@
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 # syntax highlighting
 
-cat >>gitweb_config.perl <<\EOF
-$feature{'highlight'}{'override'} = 1;
-EOF
 
 highlight --version >/dev/null 2>&1
 if [ $? -eq 127 ]; then
 	say "Skipping syntax highlighting test, because 'highlight' was not found"
 else
 	test_set_prereq HIGHLIGHT
+	cat >>gitweb_config.perl <<-\EOF
+	our $highlight_bin = "highlight";
+	$feature{'highlight'}{'override'} = 1;
+	EOF
 fi
 
 test_expect_success HIGHLIGHT \
-	'syntax highlighting (no highlight)' \
+	'syntax highlighting (no highlight, unknown syntax)' \
 	'git config gitweb.highlight yes &&
 	 gitweb_run "p=.git;a=blob;f=file"'
 test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
 
 test_expect_success HIGHLIGHT \
-	'syntax highlighting (highlighted)' \
+	'syntax highlighting (highlighted, shell script)' \
 	'git config gitweb.highlight yes &&
 	 echo "#!/usr/bin/sh" > test.sh &&
 	 git add test.sh &&
diff --git a/t/t9501-gitweb-standalone-http-status.sh b/t/t9501-gitweb-standalone-http-status.sh
index 2487da1..18825af 100755
--- a/t/t9501-gitweb-standalone-http-status.sh
+++ b/t/t9501-gitweb-standalone-http-status.sh
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 # snapshot settings
 
 test_expect_success 'setup' "
-	test_commit 'SnapshotTests' 'i can has snapshot?'
+	test_commit 'SnapshotTests' 'i can has snapshot'
 "
 
 
diff --git a/t/test-lib.sh b/t/test-lib.sh
index 1fb76ab..cb1ca97 100644
--- a/t/test-lib.sh
+++ b/t/test-lib.sh
@@ -305,6 +305,17 @@
 	tr '\015' Q | sed -e 's/Q$//'
 }
 
+# In some bourne shell implementations, the "unset" builtin returns
+# nonzero status when a variable to be unset was not set in the first
+# place.
+#
+# Use sane_unset when that should not be considered an error.
+
+sane_unset () {
+	unset "$@"
+	return 0
+}
+
 test_tick () {
 	if test -z "${test_tick+set}"
 	then
@@ -399,6 +410,15 @@
 	test $total_prereq = $ok_prereq
 }
 
+test_declared_prereq () {
+	case ",$test_prereq," in
+	*,$1,*)
+		return 0
+		;;
+	esac
+	return 1
+}
+
 # You are not expected to call test_ok_ and test_failure_ directly, use
 # the text_expect_* functions instead.
 
@@ -451,17 +471,17 @@
 			break
 		esac
 	done
-	if test -z "$to_skip" && test -n "$prereq" &&
-	   ! test_have_prereq "$prereq"
+	if test -z "$to_skip" && test -n "$test_prereq" &&
+	   ! test_have_prereq "$test_prereq"
 	then
 		to_skip=t
 	fi
 	case "$to_skip" in
 	t)
 		of_prereq=
-		if test "$missing_prereq" != "$prereq"
+		if test "$missing_prereq" != "$test_prereq"
 		then
-			of_prereq=" of $prereq"
+			of_prereq=" of $test_prereq"
 		fi
 
 		say_color skip >&3 "skipping test: $@"
@@ -475,9 +495,10 @@
 }
 
 test_expect_failure () {
-	test "$#" = 3 && { prereq=$1; shift; } || prereq=
+	test "$#" = 3 && { test_prereq=$1; shift; } || test_prereq=
 	test "$#" = 2 ||
 	error "bug in the test script: not 2 or 3 parameters to test-expect-failure"
+	export test_prereq
 	if ! test_skip "$@"
 	then
 		say >&3 "checking known breakage: $2"
@@ -493,9 +514,10 @@
 }
 
 test_expect_success () {
-	test "$#" = 3 && { prereq=$1; shift; } || prereq=
+	test "$#" = 3 && { test_prereq=$1; shift; } || test_prereq=
 	test "$#" = 2 ||
 	error "bug in the test script: not 2 or 3 parameters to test-expect-success"
+	export test_prereq
 	if ! test_skip "$@"
 	then
 		say >&3 "expecting success: $2"
@@ -510,24 +532,6 @@
 	echo >&3 ""
 }
 
-test_expect_code () {
-	test "$#" = 4 && { prereq=$1; shift; } || prereq=
-	test "$#" = 3 ||
-	error "bug in the test script: not 3 or 4 parameters to test-expect-code"
-	if ! test_skip "$@"
-	then
-		say >&3 "expecting exit code $1: $3"
-		test_run_ "$3"
-		if [ "$?" = 0 -a "$eval_ret" = "$1" ]
-		then
-			test_ok_ "$2"
-		else
-			test_failure_ "$@"
-		fi
-	fi
-	echo >&3 ""
-}
-
 # test_external runs external test scripts that provide continuous
 # test output about their progress, and succeeds/fails on
 # zero/non-zero exit code.  It outputs the test output on stdout even
@@ -537,11 +541,12 @@
 # Usage: test_external description command arguments...
 # Example: test_external 'Perl API' perl ../path/to/test.pl
 test_external () {
-	test "$#" = 4 && { prereq=$1; shift; } || prereq=
+	test "$#" = 4 && { test_prereq=$1; shift; } || test_prereq=
 	test "$#" = 3 ||
 	error >&5 "bug in the test script: not 3 or 4 parameters to test_external"
 	descr="$1"
 	shift
+	export test_prereq
 	if ! test_skip "$descr" "$@"
 	then
 		# Announce the script to reduce confusion about the
@@ -642,6 +647,28 @@
 	fi
 }
 
+# test_line_count checks that a file has the number of lines it
+# ought to. For example:
+#
+#	test_expect_success 'produce exactly one line of output' '
+#		do something >output &&
+#		test_line_count = 1 output
+#	'
+#
+# is like "test $(wc -l <output) = 1" except that it passes the
+# output through when the number of lines is wrong.
+
+test_line_count () {
+	if test $# != 3
+	then
+		error "bug in the test script: not 3 parameters to test_line_count"
+	elif ! test $(wc -l <"$3") "$1" "$2"
+	then
+		echo "test_line_count: line count for $3 !$1 $2"
+		cat "$3"
+		return 1
+	fi
+}
 
 # This is not among top-level (test_expect_success | test_expect_failure)
 # but is a prefix that can be used in the test script, like:
@@ -695,6 +722,28 @@
 	return 0
 }
 
+# Similar to test_must_fail and test_might_fail, but check that a
+# given command exited with a given exit code. Meant to be used as:
+#
+#	test_expect_success 'Merge with d/f conflicts' '
+#		test_expect_code 1 git merge "merge msg" B master
+#	'
+
+test_expect_code () {
+	want_code=$1
+	shift
+	"$@"
+	exit_code=$?
+	if test $exit_code = $want_code
+	then
+		echo >&2 "test_expect_code: command exited with $exit_code: $*"
+		return 0
+	else
+		echo >&2 "test_expect_code: command exited with $exit_code, we wanted $want_code $*"
+		return 1
+	fi
+}
+
 # test_cmp is a helper function to compare actual and expected output.
 # You can use it like:
 #
@@ -1007,11 +1056,13 @@
 	# no POSIX permissions
 	# backslashes in pathspec are converted to '/'
 	# exec does not inherit the PID
+	test_set_prereq MINGW
 	;;
 *)
 	test_set_prereq POSIXPERM
 	test_set_prereq BSLASHPSPEC
 	test_set_prereq EXECKEEPSPID
+	test_set_prereq NOT_MINGW
 	;;
 esac
 
diff --git a/t/t7006/test-terminal.perl b/t/test-terminal.perl
similarity index 63%
rename from t/t7006/test-terminal.perl
rename to t/test-terminal.perl
index 6b5f22a..ee01eb9 100755
--- a/t/t7006/test-terminal.perl
+++ b/t/test-terminal.perl
@@ -5,14 +5,15 @@
 use IO::Pty;
 use File::Copy;
 
-# Run @$argv in the background with stdout redirected to $out.
+# Run @$argv in the background with stdio redirected to $out and $err.
 sub start_child {
-	my ($argv, $out) = @_;
+	my ($argv, $out, $err) = @_;
 	my $pid = fork;
 	if (not defined $pid) {
 		die "fork failed: $!"
 	} elsif ($pid == 0) {
 		open STDOUT, ">&", $out;
+		open STDERR, ">&", $err;
 		close $out;
 		exec(@$argv) or die "cannot exec '$argv->[0]': $!"
 	}
@@ -48,12 +49,28 @@
 	copy($in, $out, 4096) or $!{EIO} or die "cannot copy from child: $!";
 }
 
+sub copy_stdio {
+	my ($out, $err) = @_;
+	my $pid = fork;
+	defined $pid or die "fork failed: $!";
+	if (!$pid) {
+		close($out);
+		xsendfile(\*STDERR, $err);
+		exit 0;
+	}
+	close($err);
+	xsendfile(\*STDOUT, $out);
+	finish_child($pid) == 0
+		or exit 1;
+}
+
 if ($#ARGV < 1) {
 	die "usage: test-terminal program args";
 }
-my $master = new IO::Pty;
-my $slave = $master->slave;
-my $pid = start_child(\@ARGV, $slave);
-close $slave;
-xsendfile(\*STDOUT, $master);
+my $master_out = new IO::Pty;
+my $master_err = new IO::Pty;
+my $pid = start_child(\@ARGV, $master_out->slave, $master_err->slave);
+close $master_out->slave;
+close $master_err->slave;
+copy_stdio($master_out, $master_err);
 exit(finish_child($pid));
diff --git a/test-parse-options.c b/test-parse-options.c
index acd1a2b..0828592 100644
--- a/test-parse-options.c
+++ b/test-parse-options.c
@@ -66,9 +66,9 @@
 		  "negative ambiguity", PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG },
 		OPT_GROUP("Standard options"),
 		OPT__ABBREV(&abbrev),
-		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose),
-		OPT__DRY_RUN(&dry_run),
-		OPT__QUIET(&quiet),
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, "be verbose"),
+		OPT__DRY_RUN(&dry_run, "dry run"),
+		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, "be quiet"),
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 	int i;
diff --git a/test-subprocess.c b/test-subprocess.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..667d3e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test-subprocess.c
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	const char *prefix;
+	struct child_process cp;
+	int nogit = 0;
+
+	prefix = setup_git_directory_gently(&nogit);
+	if (nogit)
+		die("No git repo found");
+	if (!strcmp(argv[1], "--setup-work-tree")) {
+		setup_work_tree();
+		argv++;
+	}
+	memset(&cp, 0, sizeof(cp));
+	cp.git_cmd = 1;
+	cp.argv = (const char **)argv+1;
+	return run_command(&cp);
+}
diff --git a/test-treap.c b/test-treap.c
index cdba511..ab8c951 100644
--- a/test-treap.c
+++ b/test-treap.c
@@ -38,9 +38,14 @@
 		usage("test-treap < ints");
 
 	while (strbuf_getline(&sb, stdin, '\n') != EOF) {
-		item = node_alloc(1);
-		strtonode(node_pointer(item), sb.buf);
-		treap_insert(&root, node_pointer(item));
+		struct int_node *node = node_pointer(node_alloc(1));
+
+		item = node_offset(node);
+		strtonode(node, sb.buf);
+		node = treap_insert(&root, node_pointer(item));
+		if (node_offset(node) != item)
+			die("inserted %"PRIu32" in place of %"PRIu32"",
+				node_offset(node), item);
 	}
 
 	item = node_offset(treap_first(&root));
diff --git a/thread-utils.h b/thread-utils.h
index 1727a03..6fb98c3 100644
--- a/thread-utils.h
+++ b/thread-utils.h
@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 #ifndef THREAD_COMPAT_H
 #define THREAD_COMPAT_H
 
+#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
+#include <pthread.h>
+
 extern int online_cpus(void);
 extern int init_recursive_mutex(pthread_mutex_t*);
 
+#endif
 #endif /* THREAD_COMPAT_H */
diff --git a/trace.c b/trace.c
index 62586fa..02279b8 100644
--- a/trace.c
+++ b/trace.c
@@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "quote.h"
 
-static void do_nothing(size_t unused)
-{
-}
-
 /* Get a trace file descriptor from GIT_TRACE env variable. */
 static int get_trace_fd(int *need_close)
 {
@@ -76,7 +72,7 @@
 	if (!fd)
 		return;
 
-	set_try_to_free_routine(do_nothing);	/* is never reset */
+	set_try_to_free_routine(NULL);	/* is never reset */
 	strbuf_init(&buf, 64);
 	va_start(ap, fmt);
 	len = vsnprintf(buf.buf, strbuf_avail(&buf), fmt, ap);
@@ -108,7 +104,7 @@
 	if (!fd)
 		return;
 
-	set_try_to_free_routine(do_nothing);	/* is never reset */
+	set_try_to_free_routine(NULL);	/* is never reset */
 	strbuf_init(&buf, 64);
 	va_start(ap, fmt);
 	len = vsnprintf(buf.buf, strbuf_avail(&buf), fmt, ap);
@@ -131,3 +127,45 @@
 	if (need_close)
 		close(fd);
 }
+
+static const char *quote_crnl(const char *path)
+{
+	static char new_path[PATH_MAX];
+	const char *p2 = path;
+	char *p1 = new_path;
+
+	if (!path)
+		return NULL;
+
+	while (*p2) {
+		switch (*p2) {
+		case '\\': *p1++ = '\\'; *p1++ = '\\'; break;
+		case '\n': *p1++ = '\\'; *p1++ = 'n'; break;
+		case '\r': *p1++ = '\\'; *p1++ = 'r'; break;
+		default:
+			*p1++ = *p2;
+		}
+		p2++;
+	}
+	*p1 = '\0';
+	return new_path;
+}
+
+/* FIXME: move prefix to startup_info struct and get rid of this arg */
+void trace_repo_setup(const char *prefix)
+{
+	char cwd[PATH_MAX];
+	char *trace = getenv("GIT_TRACE");
+
+	if (!trace || !strcmp(trace, "") ||
+	    !strcmp(trace, "0") || !strcasecmp(trace, "false"))
+		return;
+
+	if (!getcwd(cwd, PATH_MAX))
+		die("Unable to get current working directory");
+
+	trace_printf("setup: git_dir: %s\n", quote_crnl(get_git_dir()));
+	trace_printf("setup: worktree: %s\n", quote_crnl(get_git_work_tree()));
+	trace_printf("setup: cwd: %s\n", quote_crnl(cwd));
+	trace_printf("setup: prefix: %s\n", quote_crnl(prefix));
+}
diff --git a/transport-helper.c b/transport-helper.c
index acfc88e..4e4754c 100644
--- a/transport-helper.c
+++ b/transport-helper.c
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #include "quote.h"
 #include "remote.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
+#include "thread-utils.h"
 
 static int debug;
 
@@ -862,3 +863,314 @@
 	transport->smart_options = &(data->transport_options);
 	return 0;
 }
+
+/*
+ * Linux pipes can buffer 65536 bytes at once (and most platforms can
+ * buffer less), so attempt reads and writes with up to that size.
+ */
+#define BUFFERSIZE 65536
+/* This should be enough to hold debugging message. */
+#define PBUFFERSIZE 8192
+
+/* Print bidirectional transfer loop debug message. */
+static void transfer_debug(const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list args;
+	char msgbuf[PBUFFERSIZE];
+	static int debug_enabled = -1;
+
+	if (debug_enabled < 0)
+		debug_enabled = getenv("GIT_TRANSLOOP_DEBUG") ? 1 : 0;
+	if (!debug_enabled)
+		return;
+
+	va_start(args, fmt);
+	vsnprintf(msgbuf, PBUFFERSIZE, fmt, args);
+	va_end(args);
+	fprintf(stderr, "Transfer loop debugging: %s\n", msgbuf);
+}
+
+/* Stream state: More data may be coming in this direction. */
+#define SSTATE_TRANSFERING 0
+/*
+ * Stream state: No more data coming in this direction, flushing rest of
+ * data.
+ */
+#define SSTATE_FLUSHING 1
+/* Stream state: Transfer in this direction finished. */
+#define SSTATE_FINISHED 2
+
+#define STATE_NEEDS_READING(state) ((state) <= SSTATE_TRANSFERING)
+#define STATE_NEEDS_WRITING(state) ((state) <= SSTATE_FLUSHING)
+#define STATE_NEEDS_CLOSING(state) ((state) == SSTATE_FLUSHING)
+
+/* Unidirectional transfer. */
+struct unidirectional_transfer {
+	/* Source */
+	int src;
+	/* Destination */
+	int dest;
+	/* Is source socket? */
+	int src_is_sock;
+	/* Is destination socket? */
+	int dest_is_sock;
+	/* Transfer state (TRANSFERING/FLUSHING/FINISHED) */
+	int state;
+	/* Buffer. */
+	char buf[BUFFERSIZE];
+	/* Buffer used. */
+	size_t bufuse;
+	/* Name of source. */
+	const char *src_name;
+	/* Name of destination. */
+	const char *dest_name;
+};
+
+/* Closes the target (for writing) if transfer has finished. */
+static void udt_close_if_finished(struct unidirectional_transfer *t)
+{
+	if (STATE_NEEDS_CLOSING(t->state) && !t->bufuse) {
+		t->state = SSTATE_FINISHED;
+		if (t->dest_is_sock)
+			shutdown(t->dest, SHUT_WR);
+		else
+			close(t->dest);
+		transfer_debug("Closed %s.", t->dest_name);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Tries to read read data from source into buffer. If buffer is full,
+ * no data is read. Returns 0 on success, -1 on error.
+ */
+static int udt_do_read(struct unidirectional_transfer *t)
+{
+	ssize_t bytes;
+
+	if (t->bufuse == BUFFERSIZE)
+		return 0;	/* No space for more. */
+
+	transfer_debug("%s is readable", t->src_name);
+	bytes = read(t->src, t->buf + t->bufuse, BUFFERSIZE - t->bufuse);
+	if (bytes < 0 && errno != EWOULDBLOCK && errno != EAGAIN &&
+		errno != EINTR) {
+		error("read(%s) failed: %s", t->src_name, strerror(errno));
+		return -1;
+	} else if (bytes == 0) {
+		transfer_debug("%s EOF (with %i bytes in buffer)",
+			t->src_name, t->bufuse);
+		t->state = SSTATE_FLUSHING;
+	} else if (bytes > 0) {
+		t->bufuse += bytes;
+		transfer_debug("Read %i bytes from %s (buffer now at %i)",
+			(int)bytes, t->src_name, (int)t->bufuse);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* Tries to write data from buffer into destination. If buffer is empty,
+ * no data is written. Returns 0 on success, -1 on error.
+ */
+static int udt_do_write(struct unidirectional_transfer *t)
+{
+	size_t bytes;
+
+	if (t->bufuse == 0)
+		return 0;	/* Nothing to write. */
+
+	transfer_debug("%s is writable", t->dest_name);
+	bytes = write(t->dest, t->buf, t->bufuse);
+	if (bytes < 0 && errno != EWOULDBLOCK && errno != EAGAIN &&
+		errno != EINTR) {
+		error("write(%s) failed: %s", t->dest_name, strerror(errno));
+		return -1;
+	} else if (bytes > 0) {
+		t->bufuse -= bytes;
+		if (t->bufuse)
+			memmove(t->buf, t->buf + bytes, t->bufuse);
+		transfer_debug("Wrote %i bytes to %s (buffer now at %i)",
+			(int)bytes, t->dest_name, (int)t->bufuse);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+/* State of bidirectional transfer loop. */
+struct bidirectional_transfer_state {
+	/* Direction from program to git. */
+	struct unidirectional_transfer ptg;
+	/* Direction from git to program. */
+	struct unidirectional_transfer gtp;
+};
+
+static void *udt_copy_task_routine(void *udt)
+{
+	struct unidirectional_transfer *t = (struct unidirectional_transfer *)udt;
+	while (t->state != SSTATE_FINISHED) {
+		if (STATE_NEEDS_READING(t->state))
+			if (udt_do_read(t))
+				return NULL;
+		if (STATE_NEEDS_WRITING(t->state))
+			if (udt_do_write(t))
+				return NULL;
+		if (STATE_NEEDS_CLOSING(t->state))
+			udt_close_if_finished(t);
+	}
+	return udt;	/* Just some non-NULL value. */
+}
+
+#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
+
+/*
+ * Join thread, with apporiate errors on failure. Name is name for the
+ * thread (for error messages). Returns 0 on success, 1 on failure.
+ */
+static int tloop_join(pthread_t thread, const char *name)
+{
+	int err;
+	void *tret;
+	err = pthread_join(thread, &tret);
+	if (!tret) {
+		error("%s thread failed", name);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	if (err) {
+		error("%s thread failed to join: %s", name, strerror(err));
+		return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Spawn the transfer tasks and then wait for them. Returns 0 on success,
+ * -1 on failure.
+ */
+static int tloop_spawnwait_tasks(struct bidirectional_transfer_state *s)
+{
+	pthread_t gtp_thread;
+	pthread_t ptg_thread;
+	int err;
+	int ret = 0;
+	err = pthread_create(&gtp_thread, NULL, udt_copy_task_routine,
+		&s->gtp);
+	if (err)
+		die("Can't start thread for copying data: %s", strerror(err));
+	err = pthread_create(&ptg_thread, NULL, udt_copy_task_routine,
+		&s->ptg);
+	if (err)
+		die("Can't start thread for copying data: %s", strerror(err));
+
+	ret |= tloop_join(gtp_thread, "Git to program copy");
+	ret |= tloop_join(ptg_thread, "Program to git copy");
+	return ret;
+}
+#else
+
+/* Close the source and target (for writing) for transfer. */
+static void udt_kill_transfer(struct unidirectional_transfer *t)
+{
+	t->state = SSTATE_FINISHED;
+	/*
+	 * Socket read end left open isn't a disaster if nobody
+	 * attempts to read from it (mingw compat headers do not
+	 * have SHUT_RD)...
+	 *
+	 * We can't fully close the socket since otherwise gtp
+	 * task would first close the socket it sends data to
+	 * while closing the ptg file descriptors.
+	 */
+	if (!t->src_is_sock)
+		close(t->src);
+	if (t->dest_is_sock)
+		shutdown(t->dest, SHUT_WR);
+	else
+		close(t->dest);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Join process, with apporiate errors on failure. Name is name for the
+ * process (for error messages). Returns 0 on success, 1 on failure.
+ */
+static int tloop_join(pid_t pid, const char *name)
+{
+	int tret;
+	if (waitpid(pid, &tret, 0) < 0) {
+		error("%s process failed to wait: %s", name, strerror(errno));
+		return 1;
+	}
+	if (!WIFEXITED(tret) || WEXITSTATUS(tret)) {
+		error("%s process failed", name);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Spawn the transfer tasks and then wait for them. Returns 0 on success,
+ * -1 on failure.
+ */
+static int tloop_spawnwait_tasks(struct bidirectional_transfer_state *s)
+{
+	pid_t pid1, pid2;
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	/* Fork thread #1: git to program. */
+	pid1 = fork();
+	if (pid1 < 0)
+		die_errno("Can't start thread for copying data");
+	else if (pid1 == 0) {
+		udt_kill_transfer(&s->ptg);
+		exit(udt_copy_task_routine(&s->gtp) ? 0 : 1);
+	}
+
+	/* Fork thread #2: program to git. */
+	pid2 = fork();
+	if (pid2 < 0)
+		die_errno("Can't start thread for copying data");
+	else if (pid2 == 0) {
+		udt_kill_transfer(&s->gtp);
+		exit(udt_copy_task_routine(&s->ptg) ? 0 : 1);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Close both streams in parent as to not interfere with
+	 * end of file detection and wait for both tasks to finish.
+	 */
+	udt_kill_transfer(&s->gtp);
+	udt_kill_transfer(&s->ptg);
+	ret |= tloop_join(pid1, "Git to program copy");
+	ret |= tloop_join(pid2, "Program to git copy");
+	return ret;
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Copies data from stdin to output and from input to stdout simultaneously.
+ * Additionally filtering through given filter. If filter is NULL, uses
+ * identity filter.
+ */
+int bidirectional_transfer_loop(int input, int output)
+{
+	struct bidirectional_transfer_state state;
+
+	/* Fill the state fields. */
+	state.ptg.src = input;
+	state.ptg.dest = 1;
+	state.ptg.src_is_sock = (input == output);
+	state.ptg.dest_is_sock = 0;
+	state.ptg.state = SSTATE_TRANSFERING;
+	state.ptg.bufuse = 0;
+	state.ptg.src_name = "remote input";
+	state.ptg.dest_name = "stdout";
+
+	state.gtp.src = 0;
+	state.gtp.dest = output;
+	state.gtp.src_is_sock = 0;
+	state.gtp.dest_is_sock = (input == output);
+	state.gtp.state = SSTATE_TRANSFERING;
+	state.gtp.bufuse = 0;
+	state.gtp.src_name = "stdin";
+	state.gtp.dest_name = "remote output";
+
+	return tloop_spawnwait_tasks(&state);
+}
diff --git a/transport.c b/transport.c
index 4dba6f8..0078660 100644
--- a/transport.c
+++ b/transport.c
@@ -789,6 +789,7 @@
 	args.use_thin_pack = data->options.thin;
 	args.verbose = (transport->verbose > 0);
 	args.quiet = (transport->verbose < 0);
+	args.progress = transport->progress;
 	args.dry_run = !!(flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_DRY_RUN);
 	args.porcelain = !!(flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_PORCELAIN);
 
diff --git a/transport.h b/transport.h
index c59d973..e803c0e 100644
--- a/transport.h
+++ b/transport.h
@@ -154,6 +154,7 @@
 
 /* Transport methods defined outside transport.c */
 int transport_helper_init(struct transport *transport, const char *name);
+int bidirectional_transfer_loop(int input, int output);
 
 /* common methods used by transport.c and builtin-send-pack.c */
 void transport_verify_remote_names(int nr_heads, const char **heads);
diff --git a/tree-diff.c b/tree-diff.c
index cd659c6..12c9a88 100644
--- a/tree-diff.c
+++ b/tree-diff.c
@@ -85,6 +85,8 @@
 /*
  * Is a tree entry interesting given the pathspec we have?
  *
+ * Pre-condition: baselen == 0 || base[baselen-1] == '/'
+ *
  * Return:
  *  - 2 for "yes, and all subsequent entries will be"
  *  - 1 for yes
@@ -101,7 +103,7 @@
 	int never_interesting = -1;
 
 	if (!opt->nr_paths)
-		return 1;
+		return 2;
 
 	sha1 = tree_entry_extract(desc, &path, &mode);
 
@@ -257,19 +259,12 @@
 	}
 }
 
-static void skip_uninteresting(struct tree_desc *t, const char *base, int baselen, struct diff_options *opt)
+static void skip_uninteresting(struct tree_desc *t, const char *base, int baselen, struct diff_options *opt, int *all_interesting)
 {
-	int all_interesting = 0;
 	while (t->size) {
-		int show;
-
-		if (all_interesting)
-			show = 1;
-		else {
-			show = tree_entry_interesting(t, base, baselen, opt);
-			if (show == 2)
-				all_interesting = 1;
-		}
+		int show = tree_entry_interesting(t, base, baselen, opt);
+		if (show == 2)
+			*all_interesting = 1;
 		if (!show) {
 			update_tree_entry(t);
 			continue;
@@ -284,14 +279,20 @@
 int diff_tree(struct tree_desc *t1, struct tree_desc *t2, const char *base, struct diff_options *opt)
 {
 	int baselen = strlen(base);
+	int all_t1_interesting = 0;
+	int all_t2_interesting = 0;
 
 	for (;;) {
 		if (DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, QUICK) &&
 		    DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, HAS_CHANGES))
 			break;
 		if (opt->nr_paths) {
-			skip_uninteresting(t1, base, baselen, opt);
-			skip_uninteresting(t2, base, baselen, opt);
+			if (!all_t1_interesting)
+				skip_uninteresting(t1, base, baselen, opt,
+						   &all_t1_interesting);
+			if (!all_t2_interesting)
+				skip_uninteresting(t2, base, baselen, opt,
+						   &all_t2_interesting);
 		}
 		if (!t1->size) {
 			if (!t2->size)
diff --git a/unpack-trees.c b/unpack-trees.c
index d5a4530..1ca41b1 100644
--- a/unpack-trees.c
+++ b/unpack-trees.c
@@ -231,20 +231,11 @@
 static int verify_uptodate_sparse(struct cache_entry *ce, struct unpack_trees_options *o);
 static int verify_absent_sparse(struct cache_entry *ce, enum unpack_trees_error_types, struct unpack_trees_options *o);
 
-static int will_have_skip_worktree(const struct cache_entry *ce, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
-{
-	const char *basename;
-
-	basename = strrchr(ce->name, '/');
-	basename = basename ? basename+1 : ce->name;
-	return excluded_from_list(ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), basename, NULL, o->el) <= 0;
-}
-
 static int apply_sparse_checkout(struct cache_entry *ce, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	int was_skip_worktree = ce_skip_worktree(ce);
 
-	if (!ce_stage(ce) && will_have_skip_worktree(ce, o))
+	if (ce->ce_flags & CE_NEW_SKIP_WORKTREE)
 		ce->ce_flags |= CE_SKIP_WORKTREE;
 	else
 		ce->ce_flags &= ~CE_SKIP_WORKTREE;
@@ -319,7 +310,7 @@
 {
 	int i;
 	for (i = 0; i < index->cache_nr; i++)
-		index->cache[i]->ce_flags &= ~CE_UNPACKED;
+		index->cache[i]->ce_flags &= ~(CE_UNPACKED | CE_ADDED | CE_NEW_SKIP_WORKTREE);
 }
 
 static int locate_in_src_index(struct cache_entry *ce,
@@ -820,9 +811,177 @@
 	return mask;
 }
 
+/* Whole directory matching */
+static int clear_ce_flags_dir(struct cache_entry **cache, int nr,
+			      char *prefix, int prefix_len,
+			      char *basename,
+			      int select_mask, int clear_mask,
+			      struct exclude_list *el)
+{
+	struct cache_entry **cache_end = cache + nr;
+	int dtype = DT_DIR;
+	int ret = excluded_from_list(prefix, prefix_len, basename, &dtype, el);
+
+	prefix[prefix_len++] = '/';
+
+	/* included, no clearing for any entries under this directory */
+	if (!ret) {
+		for (; cache != cache_end; cache++) {
+			struct cache_entry *ce = *cache;
+			if (strncmp(ce->name, prefix, prefix_len))
+				break;
+		}
+		return nr - (cache_end - cache);
+	}
+
+	/* excluded, clear all selected entries under this directory. */
+	if (ret == 1) {
+		for (; cache != cache_end; cache++) {
+			struct cache_entry *ce = *cache;
+			if (select_mask && !(ce->ce_flags & select_mask))
+				continue;
+			if (strncmp(ce->name, prefix, prefix_len))
+				break;
+			ce->ce_flags &= ~clear_mask;
+		}
+		return nr - (cache_end - cache);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Traverse the index, find every entry that matches according to
+ * o->el. Do "ce_flags &= ~clear_mask" on those entries. Return the
+ * number of traversed entries.
+ *
+ * If select_mask is non-zero, only entries whose ce_flags has on of
+ * those bits enabled are traversed.
+ *
+ * cache	: pointer to an index entry
+ * prefix_len	: an offset to its path
+ *
+ * The current path ("prefix") including the trailing '/' is
+ *   cache[0]->name[0..(prefix_len-1)]
+ * Top level path has prefix_len zero.
+ */
+static int clear_ce_flags_1(struct cache_entry **cache, int nr,
+			    char *prefix, int prefix_len,
+			    int select_mask, int clear_mask,
+			    struct exclude_list *el)
+{
+	struct cache_entry **cache_end = cache + nr;
+
+	/*
+	 * Process all entries that have the given prefix and meet
+	 * select_mask condition
+	 */
+	while(cache != cache_end) {
+		struct cache_entry *ce = *cache;
+		const char *name, *slash;
+		int len, dtype;
+
+		if (select_mask && !(ce->ce_flags & select_mask)) {
+			cache++;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (prefix_len && strncmp(ce->name, prefix, prefix_len))
+			break;
+
+		name = ce->name + prefix_len;
+		slash = strchr(name, '/');
+
+		/* If it's a directory, try whole directory match first */
+		if (slash) {
+			int processed;
+
+			len = slash - name;
+			memcpy(prefix + prefix_len, name, len);
+
+			/*
+			 * terminate the string (no trailing slash),
+			 * clear_c_f_dir needs it
+			 */
+			prefix[prefix_len + len] = '\0';
+			processed = clear_ce_flags_dir(cache, cache_end - cache,
+						       prefix, prefix_len + len,
+						       prefix + prefix_len,
+						       select_mask, clear_mask,
+						       el);
+
+			/* clear_c_f_dir eats a whole dir already? */
+			if (processed) {
+				cache += processed;
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			prefix[prefix_len + len++] = '/';
+			cache += clear_ce_flags_1(cache, cache_end - cache,
+						  prefix, prefix_len + len,
+						  select_mask, clear_mask, el);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* Non-directory */
+		dtype = ce_to_dtype(ce);
+		if (excluded_from_list(ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), name, &dtype, el) > 0)
+			ce->ce_flags &= ~clear_mask;
+		cache++;
+	}
+	return nr - (cache_end - cache);
+}
+
+static int clear_ce_flags(struct cache_entry **cache, int nr,
+			    int select_mask, int clear_mask,
+			    struct exclude_list *el)
+{
+	char prefix[PATH_MAX];
+	return clear_ce_flags_1(cache, nr,
+				prefix, 0,
+				select_mask, clear_mask,
+				el);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set/Clear CE_NEW_SKIP_WORKTREE according to $GIT_DIR/info/sparse-checkout
+ */
+static void mark_new_skip_worktree(struct exclude_list *el,
+				   struct index_state *the_index,
+				   int select_flag, int skip_wt_flag)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	/*
+	 * 1. Pretend the narrowest worktree: only unmerged entries
+	 * are checked out
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < the_index->cache_nr; i++) {
+		struct cache_entry *ce = the_index->cache[i];
+
+		if (select_flag && !(ce->ce_flags & select_flag))
+			continue;
+
+		if (!ce_stage(ce))
+			ce->ce_flags |= skip_wt_flag;
+		else
+			ce->ce_flags &= ~skip_wt_flag;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * 2. Widen worktree according to sparse-checkout file.
+	 * Matched entries will have skip_wt_flag cleared (i.e. "in")
+	 */
+	clear_ce_flags(the_index->cache, the_index->cache_nr,
+		       select_flag, skip_wt_flag, el);
+}
+
+static int verify_absent(struct cache_entry *, enum unpack_trees_error_types, struct unpack_trees_options *);
 /*
  * N-way merge "len" trees.  Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure to manipulate the
  * resulting index, -2 on failure to reflect the changes to the work tree.
+ *
+ * CE_ADDED, CE_UNPACKED and CE_NEW_SKIP_WORKTREE are used internally
  */
 int unpack_trees(unsigned len, struct tree_desc *t, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
@@ -855,6 +1014,12 @@
 	o->merge_size = len;
 	mark_all_ce_unused(o->src_index);
 
+	/*
+	 * Sparse checkout loop #1: set NEW_SKIP_WORKTREE on existing entries
+	 */
+	if (!o->skip_sparse_checkout)
+		mark_new_skip_worktree(o->el, o->src_index, 0, CE_NEW_SKIP_WORKTREE);
+
 	if (!dfc)
 		dfc = xcalloc(1, cache_entry_size(0));
 	o->df_conflict_entry = dfc;
@@ -908,9 +1073,29 @@
 
 	if (!o->skip_sparse_checkout) {
 		int empty_worktree = 1;
-		for (i = 0;i < o->result.cache_nr;i++) {
+
+		/*
+		 * Sparse checkout loop #2: set NEW_SKIP_WORKTREE on entries not in loop #1
+		 * If the will have NEW_SKIP_WORKTREE, also set CE_SKIP_WORKTREE
+		 * so apply_sparse_checkout() won't attempt to remove it from worktree
+		 */
+		mark_new_skip_worktree(o->el, &o->result, CE_ADDED, CE_SKIP_WORKTREE | CE_NEW_SKIP_WORKTREE);
+
+		for (i = 0; i < o->result.cache_nr; i++) {
 			struct cache_entry *ce = o->result.cache[i];
 
+			/*
+			 * Entries marked with CE_ADDED in merged_entry() do not have
+			 * verify_absent() check (the check is effectively disabled
+			 * because CE_NEW_SKIP_WORKTREE is set unconditionally).
+			 *
+			 * Do the real check now because we have had
+			 * correct CE_NEW_SKIP_WORKTREE
+			 */
+			if (ce->ce_flags & CE_ADDED &&
+			    verify_absent(ce, ERROR_WOULD_LOSE_UNTRACKED_OVERWRITTEN, o))
+					return -1;
+
 			if (apply_sparse_checkout(ce, o)) {
 				ret = -1;
 				goto done;
@@ -931,11 +1116,7 @@
 		*o->dst_index = o->result;
 
 done:
-	for (i = 0;i < el.nr;i++)
-		free(el.excludes[i]);
-	if (el.excludes)
-		free(el.excludes);
-
+	free_excludes(&el);
 	return ret;
 
 return_failed:
@@ -1003,7 +1184,7 @@
 static int verify_uptodate(struct cache_entry *ce,
 			   struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
-	if (!o->skip_sparse_checkout && will_have_skip_worktree(ce, o))
+	if (!o->skip_sparse_checkout && (ce->ce_flags & CE_NEW_SKIP_WORKTREE))
 		return 0;
 	return verify_uptodate_1(ce, o, ERROR_NOT_UPTODATE_FILE);
 }
@@ -1209,7 +1390,7 @@
 			 enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type,
 			 struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
-	if (!o->skip_sparse_checkout && will_have_skip_worktree(ce, o))
+	if (!o->skip_sparse_checkout && (ce->ce_flags & CE_NEW_SKIP_WORKTREE))
 		return 0;
 	return verify_absent_1(ce, error_type, o);
 }
@@ -1231,10 +1412,23 @@
 	int update = CE_UPDATE;
 
 	if (!old) {
+		/*
+		 * New index entries. In sparse checkout, the following
+		 * verify_absent() will be delayed until after
+		 * traverse_trees() finishes in unpack_trees(), then:
+		 *
+		 *  - CE_NEW_SKIP_WORKTREE will be computed correctly
+		 *  - verify_absent() be called again, this time with
+		 *    correct CE_NEW_SKIP_WORKTREE
+		 *
+		 * verify_absent() call here does nothing in sparse
+		 * checkout (i.e. o->skip_sparse_checkout == 0)
+		 */
+		update |= CE_ADDED;
+		merge->ce_flags |= CE_NEW_SKIP_WORKTREE;
+
 		if (verify_absent(merge, ERROR_WOULD_LOSE_UNTRACKED_OVERWRITTEN, o))
 			return -1;
-		if (!o->skip_sparse_checkout && will_have_skip_worktree(merge, o))
-			update |= CE_SKIP_WORKTREE;
 		invalidate_ce_path(merge, o);
 	} else if (!(old->ce_flags & CE_CONFLICTED)) {
 		/*
@@ -1250,8 +1444,8 @@
 		} else {
 			if (verify_uptodate(old, o))
 				return -1;
-			if (ce_skip_worktree(old))
-				update |= CE_SKIP_WORKTREE;
+			/* Migrate old flags over */
+			update |= old->ce_flags & (CE_SKIP_WORKTREE | CE_NEW_SKIP_WORKTREE);
 			invalidate_ce_path(old, o);
 		}
 	} else {
diff --git a/upload-pack.c b/upload-pack.c
index f05e422..b40a43f 100644
--- a/upload-pack.c
+++ b/upload-pack.c
@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@
 {
 	struct commit_list *work = NULL;
 
-	insert_by_date(want, &work);
+	commit_list_insert_by_date(want, &work);
 	while (work) {
 		struct commit_list *list = work->next;
 		struct commit *commit = work->item;
@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@
 		for (list = commit->parents; list; list = list->next) {
 			struct commit *parent = list->item;
 			if (!(parent->object.flags & REACHABLE))
-				insert_by_date(parent, &work);
+				commit_list_insert_by_date(parent, &work);
 		}
 	}
 	want->object.flags |= REACHABLE;
diff --git a/vcs-svn/repo_tree.c b/vcs-svn/repo_tree.c
index e94d91d..e3d1fa3 100644
--- a/vcs-svn/repo_tree.c
+++ b/vcs-svn/repo_tree.c
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@
 		if (dent == key) {
 			dent->mode = REPO_MODE_DIR;
 			dent->content_offset = 0;
-			dent_insert(&dir->entries, dent);
+			dent = dent_insert(&dir->entries, dent);
 		}
 
 		if (dent_offset(dent) < dent_pool.committed) {
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@
 			dent->name_offset = name;
 			dent->mode = REPO_MODE_DIR;
 			dent->content_offset = dir_o;
-			dent_insert(&dir->entries, dent);
+			dent = dent_insert(&dir->entries, dent);
 		}
 
 		dir = repo_dir_from_dirent(dent);
diff --git a/vcs-svn/trp.h b/vcs-svn/trp.h
index ee35c68..c32b918 100644
--- a/vcs-svn/trp.h
+++ b/vcs-svn/trp.h
@@ -188,11 +188,12 @@
 		return ret; \
 	} \
 } \
-a_attr void MAYBE_UNUSED a_pre##insert(struct trp_root *treap, a_type *node) \
+a_attr a_type *MAYBE_UNUSED a_pre##insert(struct trp_root *treap, a_type *node) \
 { \
 	uint32_t offset = trpn_offset(a_base, node); \
 	trp_node_new(a_base, a_field, offset); \
 	treap->trp_root = a_pre##insert_recurse(treap->trp_root, offset); \
+	return trpn_pointer(a_base, offset); \
 } \
 a_attr uint32_t MAYBE_UNUSED a_pre##remove_recurse(uint32_t cur_node, uint32_t rem_node) \
 { \
diff --git a/vcs-svn/trp.txt b/vcs-svn/trp.txt
index eb4c191..5ca6b42 100644
--- a/vcs-svn/trp.txt
+++ b/vcs-svn/trp.txt
@@ -21,7 +21,9 @@
 
 . Allocates a `struct trp_root` variable and sets it to {~0}.
 
-. Adds new nodes to the set using `foo_insert`.
+. Adds new nodes to the set using `foo_insert`.  Any pointers
+  to existing nodes cannot be relied upon any more, so the caller
+  might retrieve them anew with `foo_pointer`.
 
 . Can find a specific item in the set using `foo_search`.
 
@@ -73,10 +75,14 @@
 and returning a value less than, equal to, or greater than zero
 according to the result of comparison.
 
-void foo_insert(struct trp_root *treap, node_type \*node)::
+node_type {asterisk}foo_insert(struct trp_root *treap, node_type \*node)::
 
 	Insert node into treap.  If inserted multiple times,
 	a node will appear in the treap multiple times.
++
+The return value is the address of the node within the treap,
+which might differ from `node` if `pool_alloc` had to call
+`realloc` to expand the pool.
 
 void foo_remove(struct trp_root *treap, node_type \*node)::
 
diff --git a/walker.c b/walker.c
index 11d9052..dce7128 100644
--- a/walker.c
+++ b/walker.c
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@
 	struct commit *commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1, 1);
 	if (commit) {
 		commit->object.flags |= COMPLETE;
-		insert_by_date(commit, &complete);
+		commit_list_insert_by_date(commit, &complete);
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/wrapper.c b/wrapper.c
index fd8ead3..8d7dd31 100644
--- a/wrapper.c
+++ b/wrapper.c
@@ -3,16 +3,17 @@
  */
 #include "cache.h"
 
-static void try_to_free_builtin(size_t size)
+static void do_nothing(size_t size)
 {
-	release_pack_memory(size, -1);
 }
 
-static void (*try_to_free_routine)(size_t size) = try_to_free_builtin;
+static void (*try_to_free_routine)(size_t size) = do_nothing;
 
 try_to_free_t set_try_to_free_routine(try_to_free_t routine)
 {
 	try_to_free_t old = try_to_free_routine;
+	if (!routine)
+		routine = do_nothing;
 	try_to_free_routine = routine;
 	return old;
 }
@@ -108,21 +109,6 @@
 	return ret;
 }
 
-void *xmmap(void *start, size_t length,
-	int prot, int flags, int fd, off_t offset)
-{
-	void *ret = mmap(start, length, prot, flags, fd, offset);
-	if (ret == MAP_FAILED) {
-		if (!length)
-			return NULL;
-		release_pack_memory(length, fd);
-		ret = mmap(start, length, prot, flags, fd, offset);
-		if (ret == MAP_FAILED)
-			die_errno("Out of memory? mmap failed");
-	}
-	return ret;
-}
-
 /*
  * xread() is the same a read(), but it automatically restarts read()
  * operations with a recoverable error (EAGAIN and EINTR). xread()
@@ -219,6 +205,119 @@
 	return fd;
 }
 
+/* git_mkstemp() - create tmp file honoring TMPDIR variable */
+int git_mkstemp(char *path, size_t len, const char *template)
+{
+	const char *tmp;
+	size_t n;
+
+	tmp = getenv("TMPDIR");
+	if (!tmp)
+		tmp = "/tmp";
+	n = snprintf(path, len, "%s/%s", tmp, template);
+	if (len <= n) {
+		errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
+		return -1;
+	}
+	return mkstemp(path);
+}
+
+/* git_mkstemps() - create tmp file with suffix honoring TMPDIR variable. */
+int git_mkstemps(char *path, size_t len, const char *template, int suffix_len)
+{
+	const char *tmp;
+	size_t n;
+
+	tmp = getenv("TMPDIR");
+	if (!tmp)
+		tmp = "/tmp";
+	n = snprintf(path, len, "%s/%s", tmp, template);
+	if (len <= n) {
+		errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
+		return -1;
+	}
+	return mkstemps(path, suffix_len);
+}
+
+/* Adapted from libiberty's mkstemp.c. */
+
+#undef TMP_MAX
+#define TMP_MAX 16384
+
+int git_mkstemps_mode(char *pattern, int suffix_len, int mode)
+{
+	static const char letters[] =
+		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
+		"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
+		"0123456789";
+	static const int num_letters = 62;
+	uint64_t value;
+	struct timeval tv;
+	char *template;
+	size_t len;
+	int fd, count;
+
+	len = strlen(pattern);
+
+	if (len < 6 + suffix_len) {
+		errno = EINVAL;
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	if (strncmp(&pattern[len - 6 - suffix_len], "XXXXXX", 6)) {
+		errno = EINVAL;
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Replace pattern's XXXXXX characters with randomness.
+	 * Try TMP_MAX different filenames.
+	 */
+	gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
+	value = ((size_t)(tv.tv_usec << 16)) ^ tv.tv_sec ^ getpid();
+	template = &pattern[len - 6 - suffix_len];
+	for (count = 0; count < TMP_MAX; ++count) {
+		uint64_t v = value;
+		/* Fill in the random bits. */
+		template[0] = letters[v % num_letters]; v /= num_letters;
+		template[1] = letters[v % num_letters]; v /= num_letters;
+		template[2] = letters[v % num_letters]; v /= num_letters;
+		template[3] = letters[v % num_letters]; v /= num_letters;
+		template[4] = letters[v % num_letters]; v /= num_letters;
+		template[5] = letters[v % num_letters]; v /= num_letters;
+
+		fd = open(pattern, O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_RDWR, mode);
+		if (fd > 0)
+			return fd;
+		/*
+		 * Fatal error (EPERM, ENOSPC etc).
+		 * It doesn't make sense to loop.
+		 */
+		if (errno != EEXIST)
+			break;
+		/*
+		 * This is a random value.  It is only necessary that
+		 * the next TMP_MAX values generated by adding 7777 to
+		 * VALUE are different with (module 2^32).
+		 */
+		value += 7777;
+	}
+	/* We return the null string if we can't find a unique file name.  */
+	pattern[0] = '\0';
+	return -1;
+}
+
+int git_mkstemp_mode(char *pattern, int mode)
+{
+	/* mkstemp is just mkstemps with no suffix */
+	return git_mkstemps_mode(pattern, 0, mode);
+}
+
+int gitmkstemps(char *pattern, int suffix_len)
+{
+	return git_mkstemps_mode(pattern, suffix_len, 0600);
+}
+
 int xmkstemp_mode(char *template, int mode)
 {
 	int fd;
@@ -229,103 +328,6 @@
 	return fd;
 }
 
-/*
- * zlib wrappers to make sure we don't silently miss errors
- * at init time.
- */
-void git_inflate_init(z_streamp strm)
-{
-	const char *err;
-
-	switch (inflateInit(strm)) {
-	case Z_OK:
-		return;
-
-	case Z_MEM_ERROR:
-		err = "out of memory";
-		break;
-	case Z_VERSION_ERROR:
-		err = "wrong version";
-		break;
-	default:
-		err = "error";
-	}
-	die("inflateInit: %s (%s)", err, strm->msg ? strm->msg : "no message");
-}
-
-void git_inflate_end(z_streamp strm)
-{
-	if (inflateEnd(strm) != Z_OK)
-		error("inflateEnd: %s", strm->msg ? strm->msg : "failed");
-}
-
-int git_inflate(z_streamp strm, int flush)
-{
-	int ret = inflate(strm, flush);
-	const char *err;
-
-	switch (ret) {
-	/* Out of memory is fatal. */
-	case Z_MEM_ERROR:
-		die("inflate: out of memory");
-
-	/* Data corruption errors: we may want to recover from them (fsck) */
-	case Z_NEED_DICT:
-		err = "needs dictionary"; break;
-	case Z_DATA_ERROR:
-		err = "data stream error"; break;
-	case Z_STREAM_ERROR:
-		err = "stream consistency error"; break;
-	default:
-		err = "unknown error"; break;
-
-	/* Z_BUF_ERROR: normal, needs more space in the output buffer */
-	case Z_BUF_ERROR:
-	case Z_OK:
-	case Z_STREAM_END:
-		return ret;
-	}
-	error("inflate: %s (%s)", err, strm->msg ? strm->msg : "no message");
-	return ret;
-}
-
-int odb_mkstemp(char *template, size_t limit, const char *pattern)
-{
-	int fd;
-	/*
-	 * we let the umask do its job, don't try to be more
-	 * restrictive except to remove write permission.
-	 */
-	int mode = 0444;
-	snprintf(template, limit, "%s/%s",
-		 get_object_directory(), pattern);
-	fd = git_mkstemp_mode(template, mode);
-	if (0 <= fd)
-		return fd;
-
-	/* slow path */
-	/* some mkstemp implementations erase template on failure */
-	snprintf(template, limit, "%s/%s",
-		 get_object_directory(), pattern);
-	safe_create_leading_directories(template);
-	return xmkstemp_mode(template, mode);
-}
-
-int odb_pack_keep(char *name, size_t namesz, unsigned char *sha1)
-{
-	int fd;
-
-	snprintf(name, namesz, "%s/pack/pack-%s.keep",
-		 get_object_directory(), sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-	fd = open(name, O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL, 0600);
-	if (0 <= fd)
-		return fd;
-
-	/* slow path */
-	safe_create_leading_directories(name);
-	return open(name, O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL, 0600);
-}
-
 static int warn_if_unremovable(const char *op, const char *file, int rc)
 {
 	if (rc < 0) {
diff --git a/ws.c b/ws.c
index 7302f8f..9fb9b14 100644
--- a/ws.c
+++ b/ws.c
@@ -56,6 +56,16 @@
 				rule |= whitespace_rule_names[i].rule_bits;
 			break;
 		}
+		if (strncmp(string, "tabwidth=", 9) == 0) {
+			unsigned tabwidth = atoi(string + 9);
+			if (0 < tabwidth && tabwidth < 0100) {
+				rule &= ~WS_TAB_WIDTH_MASK;
+				rule |= tabwidth;
+			}
+			else
+				warning("tabwidth %.*s out of range",
+					(int)(len - 9), string + 9);
+		}
 		string = ep;
 	}
 
@@ -84,7 +94,7 @@
 		value = attr_whitespace_rule.value;
 		if (ATTR_TRUE(value)) {
 			/* true (whitespace) */
-			unsigned all_rule = 0;
+			unsigned all_rule = ws_tab_width(whitespace_rule_cfg);
 			int i;
 			for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(whitespace_rule_names); i++)
 				if (!whitespace_rule_names[i].loosens_error &&
@@ -93,7 +103,7 @@
 			return all_rule;
 		} else if (ATTR_FALSE(value)) {
 			/* false (-whitespace) */
-			return 0;
+			return ws_tab_width(whitespace_rule_cfg);
 		} else if (ATTR_UNSET(value)) {
 			/* reset to default (!whitespace) */
 			return whitespace_rule_cfg;
@@ -206,7 +216,7 @@
 	}
 
 	/* Check for indent using non-tab. */
-	if ((ws_rule & WS_INDENT_WITH_NON_TAB) && i - written >= 8) {
+	if ((ws_rule & WS_INDENT_WITH_NON_TAB) && i - written >= ws_tab_width(ws_rule)) {
 		result |= WS_INDENT_WITH_NON_TAB;
 		if (stream) {
 			fputs(ws, stream);
@@ -320,7 +330,7 @@
 		} else if (ch == ' ') {
 			last_space_in_indent = i;
 			if ((ws_rule & WS_INDENT_WITH_NON_TAB) &&
-			    8 <= i - last_tab_in_indent)
+			    ws_tab_width(ws_rule) <= i - last_tab_in_indent)
 				need_fix_leading_space = 1;
 		} else
 			break;
@@ -350,7 +360,7 @@
 				strbuf_addch(dst, ch);
 			} else {
 				consecutive_spaces++;
-				if (consecutive_spaces == 8) {
+				if (consecutive_spaces == ws_tab_width(ws_rule)) {
 					strbuf_addch(dst, '\t');
 					consecutive_spaces = 0;
 				}
@@ -363,12 +373,13 @@
 		fixed = 1;
 	} else if ((ws_rule & WS_TAB_IN_INDENT) && last_tab_in_indent >= 0) {
 		/* Expand tabs into spaces */
+		int start = dst->len;
 		int last = last_tab_in_indent + 1;
 		for (i = 0; i < last; i++) {
 			if (src[i] == '\t')
 				do {
 					strbuf_addch(dst, ' ');
-				} while (dst->len % 8);
+				} while ((dst->len - start) % ws_tab_width(ws_rule));
 			else
 				strbuf_addch(dst, src[i]);
 		}
diff --git a/wt-status.c b/wt-status.c
index 9624865..123582b 100644
--- a/wt-status.c
+++ b/wt-status.c
@@ -21,11 +21,15 @@
 	GIT_COLOR_RED,    /* WT_STATUS_UNMERGED */
 	GIT_COLOR_GREEN,  /* WT_STATUS_LOCAL_BRANCH */
 	GIT_COLOR_RED,    /* WT_STATUS_REMOTE_BRANCH */
+	GIT_COLOR_NIL,    /* WT_STATUS_ONBRANCH */
 };
 
 static const char *color(int slot, struct wt_status *s)
 {
-	return s->use_color > 0 ? s->color_palette[slot] : "";
+	const char *c = s->use_color > 0 ? s->color_palette[slot] : "";
+	if (slot == WT_STATUS_ONBRANCH && color_is_nil(c))
+		c = s->color_palette[WT_STATUS_HEADER];
+	return c;
 }
 
 void wt_status_prepare(struct wt_status *s)
@@ -88,7 +92,7 @@
 {
 	const char *c = color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s);
 
-	color_fprintf_ln(s->fp, c, "# Changed but not updated:");
+	color_fprintf_ln(s->fp, c, "# Changes not staged for commit:");
 	if (!advice_status_hints)
 		return;
 	if (!has_deleted)
@@ -625,7 +629,8 @@
 
 void wt_status_print(struct wt_status *s)
 {
-	const char *branch_color = color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s);
+	const char *branch_color = color(WT_STATUS_ONBRANCH, s);
+	const char *branch_status_color = color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s);
 
 	if (s->branch) {
 		const char *on_what = "On branch ";
@@ -634,11 +639,12 @@
 			branch_name += 11;
 		else if (!strcmp(branch_name, "HEAD")) {
 			branch_name = "";
-			branch_color = color(WT_STATUS_NOBRANCH, s);
+			branch_status_color = color(WT_STATUS_NOBRANCH, s);
 			on_what = "Not currently on any branch.";
 		}
 		color_fprintf(s->fp, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "# ");
-		color_fprintf_ln(s->fp, branch_color, "%s%s", on_what, branch_name);
+		color_fprintf(s->fp, branch_status_color, "%s", on_what);
+		color_fprintf_ln(s->fp, branch_color, "%s", branch_name);
 		if (!s->is_initial)
 			wt_status_print_tracking(s);
 	}
diff --git a/wt-status.h b/wt-status.h
index 9df9c9f..20b17cf 100644
--- a/wt-status.h
+++ b/wt-status.h
@@ -13,7 +13,9 @@
 	WT_STATUS_NOBRANCH,
 	WT_STATUS_UNMERGED,
 	WT_STATUS_LOCAL_BRANCH,
-	WT_STATUS_REMOTE_BRANCH
+	WT_STATUS_REMOTE_BRANCH,
+	WT_STATUS_ONBRANCH,
+	WT_STATUS_MAXSLOT
 };
 
 enum untracked_status_type {
@@ -46,7 +48,7 @@
 	int show_ignored_files;
 	enum untracked_status_type show_untracked_files;
 	const char *ignore_submodule_arg;
-	char color_palette[WT_STATUS_REMOTE_BRANCH+1][COLOR_MAXLEN];
+	char color_palette[WT_STATUS_MAXSLOT][COLOR_MAXLEN];
 
 	/* These are computed during processing of the individual sections */
 	int commitable;
diff --git a/zlib.c b/zlib.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c4d58da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/zlib.c
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/*
+ * zlib wrappers to make sure we don't silently miss errors
+ * at init time.
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+
+void git_inflate_init(z_streamp strm)
+{
+	const char *err;
+
+	switch (inflateInit(strm)) {
+	case Z_OK:
+		return;
+
+	case Z_MEM_ERROR:
+		err = "out of memory";
+		break;
+	case Z_VERSION_ERROR:
+		err = "wrong version";
+		break;
+	default:
+		err = "error";
+	}
+	die("inflateInit: %s (%s)", err, strm->msg ? strm->msg : "no message");
+}
+
+void git_inflate_end(z_streamp strm)
+{
+	if (inflateEnd(strm) != Z_OK)
+		error("inflateEnd: %s", strm->msg ? strm->msg : "failed");
+}
+
+int git_inflate(z_streamp strm, int flush)
+{
+	int ret = inflate(strm, flush);
+	const char *err;
+
+	switch (ret) {
+	/* Out of memory is fatal. */
+	case Z_MEM_ERROR:
+		die("inflate: out of memory");
+
+	/* Data corruption errors: we may want to recover from them (fsck) */
+	case Z_NEED_DICT:
+		err = "needs dictionary"; break;
+	case Z_DATA_ERROR:
+		err = "data stream error"; break;
+	case Z_STREAM_ERROR:
+		err = "stream consistency error"; break;
+	default:
+		err = "unknown error"; break;
+
+	/* Z_BUF_ERROR: normal, needs more space in the output buffer */
+	case Z_BUF_ERROR:
+	case Z_OK:
+	case Z_STREAM_END:
+		return ret;
+	}
+	error("inflate: %s (%s)", err, strm->msg ? strm->msg : "no message");
+	return ret;
+}