
XZ Utils Installation
=====================

    0. Preface
    1. Supported platforms
       1.1. Compilers
       1.2. Platform-specific notes
            1.2.1. AIX
            1.2.2. IRIX
            1.2.3. MINIX 3
            1.2.4. OpenVMS
            1.2.5. Solaris, OpenSolaris, and derivatives
            1.2.6. Tru64
            1.2.7. Windows
            1.2.8. DOS
            1.2.9. z/OS
       1.3. Adding support for new platforms
    2. configure options
       2.1. Static vs. dynamic linking of liblzma
       2.2. Optimizing xzdec and lzmadec
    3. xzgrep and other scripts
       3.1. Dependencies
       3.2. PATH
    4. Troubleshooting
       4.1. "No C99 compiler was found."
       4.2. "No POSIX conforming shell (sh) was found."
       4.3. configure works but build fails at crc32_x86.S
       4.4. Lots of warnings about symbol visibility
       4.5. "make check" fails
       4.6. liblzma.so (or similar) not found when running xz


0. Preface
----------

    If you aren't familiar with building packages that use GNU Autotools,
    see the file INSTALL.generic for generic instructions before reading
    further.

    If you are going to build a package for distribution, see also the
    file PACKAGERS. It contains information that should help making the
    binary packages as good as possible, but the information isn't very
    interesting to those making local builds for private use or for use
    in special situations like embedded systems.


1. Supported platforms
----------------------

    XZ Utils are developed on GNU/Linux, but they should work on many
    POSIX-like operating systems like *BSDs and Solaris, and even on
    a few non-POSIX operating systems.


1.1. Compilers

    A C99 compiler is required to compile XZ Utils. If you use GCC, you
    need at least version 3.x.x. GCC version 2.xx.x doesn't support some
    C99 features used in XZ Utils source code, thus GCC 2 won't compile
    XZ Utils.

    XZ Utils takes advantage of some GNU C extensions when building
    with GCC. Because these extensions are used only when building
    with GCC, it should be possible to use any C99 compiler.


1.2. Platform-specific notes

1.2.1. AIX

    If you use IBM XL C compiler, pass CC=xlc_r to configure. If
    you use CC=xlc instead, you must disable threading support
    with --disable-threads (usually not recommended).


1.2.2. IRIX

    MIPSpro 7.4.4m has been reported to produce broken code if using
    the -O2 optimization flag ("make check" fails). Using -O1 should
    work.

    A problem has been reported when using shared liblzma. Passing
    --disable-shared to configure works around this. Alternatively,
    putting "-64" to CFLAGS to build a 64-bit version might help too.


1.2.3. MINIX 3

    The default install of MINIX 3 includes Amsterdam Compiler Kit (ACK),
    which doesn't support C99. Install GCC to compile XZ Utils.

    MINIX 3.1.8 and older have bugs in /usr/include/stdint.h, which has
    to be patched before XZ Utils can be compiled correctly. See
    <http://gforge.cs.vu.nl/gf/project/minix/tracker/?action=TrackerItemEdit&tracker_item_id=537>.

    MINIX 3.2.0 and later use a different libc and aren't affected by
    the above bug.

    XZ Utils doesn't have code to detect the amount of physical RAM and
    number of CPU cores on MINIX 3.

    See section 4.4 in this file about symbol visibility warnings (you
    may want to pass gl_cv_cc_visibility=no to configure).


1.2.4. OpenVMS

    XZ Utils can be built for OpenVMS, but the build system files
    are not included in the XZ Utils source package. The required
    OpenVMS-specific files are maintained by Jouk Jansen and can be
    downloaded here:

        http://nchrem.tnw.tudelft.nl/openvms/software2.html#xzutils


1.2.5. Solaris, OpenSolaris, and derivatives

    The following linker error has been reported on some x86 systems:

        ld: fatal: relocation error: R_386_GOTOFF: ...

    This can be worked around by passing gl_cv_cc_visibility=no
    as an argument to the configure script.

    test_scripts.sh in "make check" may fail if good enough tools are
    missing from PATH (/usr/xpg4/bin or /usr/xpg6/bin). Nowadays
    /usr/xpg4/bin is added to the script PATH by default on Solaris
    (see --enable-path-for-scripts=PREFIX in section 2), but old xz
    releases needed extra steps. See sections 4.5 and 3.2 for more
    information.


1.2.6. Tru64

    If you try to use the native C compiler on Tru64 (passing CC=cc to
    configure), you may need the workaround mention in section 4.1 in
    this file (pass also ac_cv_prog_cc_c99= to configure).


1.2.7. Windows

    If it is enough to build liblzma (no command line tools):

      - There is CMake support. It should be good enough to build
        static liblzma or liblzma.dll with Visual Studio. The CMake
        support may work with MinGW or MinGW-w64. Read the comment
        in the beginning of CMakeLists.txt before running CMake!

      - There are Visual Studio project files under the "windows"
        directory. See windows/INSTALL-MSVC.txt. In the future the
        project files will be removed when CMake support is good
        enough. Thus, please test the CMake version and help fix
        possible issues.

    To build also the command line tools:

      - MinGW-w64 + MSYS (32-bit and 64-bit x86): This is used
        for building the official binary packages for Windows.
        There is windows/build.bash to ease packaging XZ Utils with
        MinGW(-w64) + MSYS into a redistributable .zip or .7z file.
        See windows/INSTALL-MinGW.txt for more information.

      - MinGW + MSYS (32-bit x86): I haven't recently tested this.

      - Cygwin 1.7.35 and later: NOTE that using XZ Utils >= 5.2.0
        under Cygwin older than 1.7.35 can lead to DATA LOSS! If
        you must use an old Cygwin version, stick to XZ Utils 5.0.x
        which is safe under older Cygwin versions. You can check
        the Cygwin version with the command "cygcheck -V".

    It may be possible to build liblzma with other toolchains too, but
    that will probably require writing a separate makefile. Building
    the command line tools with non-GNU toolchains will be harder than
    building only liblzma.

    Even if liblzma is built with MinGW(-w64), the resulting DLL can
    be used by other compilers and linkers, including MSVC. See
    windows/README-Windows.txt for details.


1.2.8. DOS

    There is a Makefile in the "dos" directory to build XZ Utils on
    DOS using DJGPP. Support for long file names (LFN) is needed at
    build time but the resulting xz.exe works without LFN support too.
    See dos/INSTALL.txt and dos/README.txt for more information.


1.2.9. z/OS

    To build XZ Utils on z/OS UNIX System Services using xlc, pass
    these options to the configure script: CC='xlc -qhaltonmsg=CCN3296'
    CPPFLAS='-D_UNIX03_THREADS -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=600'. The first makes
    xlc throw an error if a header file is missing, which is required
    to make the tests in configure work. The CPPFLAGS are needed to
    get pthread support (some other CPPFLAGS may work too; if there
    are problems, try -D_UNIX95_THREADS instead of -D_UNIX03_THREADS).

    test_scripts.sh in "make check" will fail even if the scripts
    actually work because the test data includes compressed files
    with US-ASCII text.

    No other tests should fail. If test_files.sh fails, check that
    the included .xz test files weren't affected by EBCDIC conversion.

    XZ Utils doesn't have code to detect the amount of physical RAM and
    number of CPU cores on z/OS.


1.3. Adding support for new platforms

    If you have written patches to make XZ Utils to work on previously
    unsupported platform, please send the patches to me! I will consider
    including them to the official version. It's nice to minimize the
    need of third-party patching.

    One exception: Don't request or send patches to change the whole
    source package to C89. I find C99 substantially nicer to write and
    maintain. However, the public library headers must be in C89 to
    avoid frustrating those who maintain programs, which are strictly
    in C89 or C++.


2. configure options
--------------------

    In most cases, the defaults are what you want. Many of the options
    below are useful only when building a size-optimized version of
    liblzma or command line tools.

    --enable-encoders=LIST
    --disable-encoders
                Specify a comma-separated LIST of filter encoders to
                build. See "./configure --help" for exact list of
                available filter encoders. The default is to build all
                supported encoders.

                If LIST is empty or --disable-encoders is used, no filter
                encoders will be built and also the code shared between
                encoders will be omitted.

                Disabling encoders will remove some symbols from the
                liblzma ABI, so this option should be used only when it
                is known to not cause problems.

    --enable-decoders=LIST
    --disable-decoders
                This is like --enable-encoders but for decoders. The
                default is to build all supported decoders.

    --enable-match-finders=LIST
                liblzma includes two categories of match finders:
                hash chains and binary trees. Hash chains (hc3 and hc4)
                are quite fast but they don't provide the best compression
                ratio. Binary trees (bt2, bt3 and bt4) give excellent
                compression ratio, but they are slower and need more
                memory than hash chains.

                You need to enable at least one match finder to build the
                LZMA1 or LZMA2 filter encoders. Usually hash chains are
                used only in the fast mode, while binary trees are used to
                when the best compression ratio is wanted.

                The default is to build all the match finders if LZMA1
                or LZMA2 filter encoders are being built.

    --enable-checks=LIST
                liblzma support multiple integrity checks. CRC32 is
                mandatory, and cannot be omitted. See "./configure --help"
                for exact list of available integrity check types.

                liblzma and the command line tools can decompress files
                which use unsupported integrity check type, but naturally
                the file integrity cannot be verified in that case.

                Disabling integrity checks may remove some symbols from
                the liblzma ABI, so this option should be used only when
                it is known to not cause problems.

    --enable-external-sha256
                Try to use SHA-256 code from the operating system libc
                or similar base system libraries. This doesn't try to
                use OpenSSL or libgcrypt or such libraries.

                The reasons to use this option:

                  - It makes liblzma slightly smaller.

                  - It might improve SHA-256 speed if the implementation
                    in the operating is very good (but see below).

                External SHA-256 is disabled by default for two reasons:

                  - On some operating systems the symbol names of the
                    SHA-256 functions conflict with OpenSSL's libcrypto.
                    This causes weird problems such as decompression
                    errors if an application is linked against both
                    liblzma and libcrypto. This problem affects at least
                    FreeBSD 10 and older and MINIX 3.3.0 and older, but
                    other OSes that provide a function "SHA256_Init" might
                    also be affected. FreeBSD 11 has the problem fixed.
                    NetBSD had the problem but it was fixed it in 2009
                    already. OpenBSD uses "SHA256Init" and thus never had
                    a conflict with libcrypto.

                  - The SHA-256 code in liblzma is faster than the SHA-256
                    code provided by some operating systems. If you are
                    curious, build two copies of xz (internal and external
                    SHA-256) and compare the decompression (xz --test)
                    times:

                        dd if=/dev/zero bs=1024k count=1024 \
                            | xz -v -0 -Csha256 > foo.xz
                        time xz --test foo.xz

    --disable-microlzma
                Don't build MicroLZMA encoder and decoder. This omits
                lzma_microlzma_encoder() and lzma_microlzma_decoder()
                API functions from liblzma. These functions are needed
                by specific applications only. They were written for
                erofs-utils but they may be used by others too.

    --disable-lzip-decoder
                Disable decompression support for .lz (lzip) files.
                This omits the API function lzma_lzip_decoder() from
                liblzma and .lz support from the xz tool.

    --disable-xz
    --disable-xzdec
    --disable-lzmadec
    --disable-lzmainfo
                Don't build and install the command line tool mentioned
                in the option name.

                NOTE: Disabling xz will skip some tests in "make check".

                NOTE: If xzdec is disabled and lzmadec is left enabled,
                a dangling man page symlink lzmadec.1 -> xzdec.1 is
                created.

    --disable-lzma-links
                Don't create symlinks for LZMA Utils compatibility.
                This includes lzma, unlzma, and lzcat. If scripts are
                installed, also lzdiff, lzcmp, lzgrep, lzegrep, lzfgrep,
                lzmore, and lzless will be omitted if this option is used.

    --disable-scripts
                Don't install the scripts xzdiff, xzgrep, xzmore, xzless,
                and their symlinks.

    --disable-doc
                Don't install the documentation files to $docdir
                (often /usr/doc/xz or /usr/local/doc/xz). Man pages
                will still be installed. The $docdir can be changed
                with --docdir=DIR.

    --disable-assembler
                liblzma includes some assembler optimizations. Currently
                there is only assembler code for CRC32 and CRC64 for
                32-bit x86.

                All the assembler code in liblzma is position-independent
                code, which is suitable for use in shared libraries and
                position-independent executables. So far only i386
                instructions are used, but the code is optimized for i686
                class CPUs. If you are compiling liblzma exclusively for
                pre-i686 systems, you may want to disable the assembler
                code.

    --disable-clmul-crc
                Disable the use carryless multiplication for CRC
                calculation even if compiler support for it is detected.
                The code uses runtime detection of SSSE3, SSE4.1, and
                CLMUL instructions on x86. On 32-bit x86 this currently
                is used only if --disable-assembler is used (this might
                be fixed in the future). The code works on E2K too.

                If using compiler options that unconditionally allow the
                required extensions (-msse4.1 -mpclmul) then runtime
                detection isn't used and the generic code is omitted.

    --enable-unaligned-access
                Allow liblzma to use unaligned memory access for 16-bit,
                32-bit, and 64-bit loads and stores. This should be
                enabled only when the hardware supports this, that is,
                when unaligned access is fast. Some operating system
                kernels emulate unaligned access, which is extremely
                slow. This option shouldn't be used on systems that
                rely on such emulation.

                Unaligned access is enabled by default on x86, x86-64,
                big endian PowerPC, some ARM, and some ARM64 systems.

    --enable-unsafe-type-punning
                This enables use of code like

                    uint8_t *buf8 = ...;
                    *(uint32_t *)buf8 = ...;

                which violates strict aliasing rules and may result
                in broken code. There should be no need to use this
                option with recent GCC or Clang versions on any
                arch as just as fast code can be generated in a safe
                way too (using __builtin_assume_aligned + memcpy).

                However, this option might improve performance in some
                other cases, especially with old compilers (for example,
                GCC 3 and early 4.x on x86, GCC < 6 on ARMv6 and ARMv7).

    --enable-small
                Reduce the size of liblzma by selecting smaller but
                semantically equivalent version of some functions, and
                omit precomputed lookup tables. This option tends to
                make liblzma slightly slower.

                Note that while omitting the precomputed tables makes
                liblzma smaller on disk, the tables are still needed at
                run time, and need to be computed at startup. This also
                means that the RAM holding the tables won't be shared
                between applications linked against shared liblzma.

                This option doesn't modify CFLAGS to tell the compiler
                to optimize for size. You need to add -Os or equivalent
                flag(s) to CFLAGS manually.

    --enable-assume-ram=SIZE
                On the most common operating systems, XZ Utils is able to
                detect the amount of physical memory on the system. This
                information is used by the options --memlimit-compress,
                --memlimit-decompress, and --memlimit when setting the
                limit to a percentage of total RAM.

                On some systems, there is no code to detect the amount of
                RAM though. Using --enable-assume-ram one can set how much
                memory to assume on these systems. SIZE is given as MiB.
                The default is 128 MiB.

                Feel free to send patches to add support for detecting
                the amount of RAM on the operating system you use. See
                src/common/tuklib_physmem.c for details.

    --enable-threads=METHOD
                Threading support is enabled by default so normally there
                is no need to specify this option.

                Supported values for METHOD:

                        yes     Autodetect the threading method. If none
                                is found, configure will give an error.

                        posix   Use POSIX pthreads. This is the default
                                except on Windows outside Cygwin.

                        win95   Use Windows 95 compatible threads. This
                                is compatible with Windows XP and later
                                too. This is the default for 32-bit x86
                                Windows builds. The `win95' threading is
                                incompatible with --enable-small.

                        vista   Use Windows Vista compatible threads. The
                                resulting binaries won't run on Windows XP
                                or older. This is the default for Windows
                                excluding 32-bit x86 builds (that is, on
                                x86-64 the default is `vista').

                        no      Disable threading support. This is the
                                same as using --disable-threads.
                                NOTE: If combined with --enable-small
                                and the compiler doesn't support
                                __attribute__((__constructor__)), the
                                resulting liblzma won't be thread safe,
                                that is, if a multi-threaded application
                                calls any liblzma functions from more than
                                one thread, something bad may happen.

    --enable-sandbox=METHOD
                There is limited sandboxing support in the xz tool. If
                built with sandbox support, it's used automatically when
                (de)compressing exactly one file to standard output and
                the options --files or --files0 weren't used. This is a
                common use case, for example, (de)compressing .tar.xz
                files via GNU tar. The sandbox is also used for
                single-file `xz --test' or `xz --list'.

                Supported METHODs:

                        auto    Look for a supported sandboxing method
                                and use it if found. If no method is
                                found, then sandboxing isn't used.
                                This is the default.

                        no      Disable sandboxing support.

                        capsicum
                                Use Capsicum (FreeBSD >= 10) for
                                sandboxing. If no Capsicum support
                                is found, configure will give an error.

                        pledge  Use pledge(2) (OpenBSD >= 5.9) for
                                sandboxing. If pledge(2) isn't found,
                                configure will give an error.

    --enable-symbol-versions
                Use symbol versioning for liblzma. This is enabled by
                default on GNU/Linux, other GNU-based systems, and
                FreeBSD.

    --enable-debug
                This enables the assert() macro and possibly some other
                run-time consistency checks. It makes the code slower, so
                you normally don't want to have this enabled.

    --enable-werror
                If building with GCC, make all compiler warnings an error,
                that abort the compilation. This may help catching bugs,
                and should work on most systems. This has no effect on the
                resulting binaries.

    --enable-path-for-scripts=PREFIX
                If PREFIX isn't empty, PATH=PREFIX:$PATH will be set in
                the beginning of the scripts (xzgrep and others).
                The default is empty except on Solaris the default is
                /usr/xpg4/bin.

                This can be useful if the default PATH doesn't contain
                modern POSIX tools (as can be the case on Solaris) or if
                one wants to ensure that the correct xz binary is in the
                PATH for the scripts. Note that the latter use can break
                "make check" if the prefixed PATH causes a wrong xz binary
                (other than the one that was just built) to be used.

                Older xz releases support a different method for setting
                the PATH for the scripts. It is described in section 3.2
                and is supported in this xz version too.


2.1. Static vs. dynamic linking of liblzma

    On 32-bit x86, linking against static liblzma can give a minor
    speed improvement. Static libraries on x86 are usually compiled as
    position-dependent code (non-PIC) and shared libraries are built as
    position-independent code (PIC). PIC wastes one register, which can
    make the code slightly slower compared to a non-PIC version. (Note
    that this doesn't apply to x86-64.)

    If you want to link xz against static liblzma, the simplest way
    is to pass --disable-shared to configure. If you want also shared
    liblzma, run configure again and run "make install" only for
    src/liblzma.


2.2. Optimizing xzdec and lzmadec

    xzdec and lzmadec are intended to be relatively small instead of
    optimizing for the best speed. Thus, it is a good idea to build
    xzdec and lzmadec separately:

      - To link the tools against static liblzma, pass --disable-shared
        to configure.

      - To select somewhat size-optimized variant of some things in
        liblzma, pass --enable-small to configure.

      - Tell the compiler to optimize for size instead of speed.
        For example, with GCC, put -Os into CFLAGS.

      - xzdec and lzmadec will never use multithreading capabilities of
        liblzma. You can avoid dependency on libpthread by passing
        --disable-threads to configure.

      - There are and will be no translated messages for xzdec and
        lzmadec, so it is fine to pass also --disable-nls to configure.

      - Only decoder code is needed, so you can speed up the build
        slightly by passing --disable-encoders to configure. This
        shouldn't affect the final size of the executables though,
        because the linker is able to omit the encoder code anyway.

    If you have no use for xzdec or lzmadec, you can disable them with
    --disable-xzdec and --disable-lzmadec.


3. xzgrep and other scripts
---------------------------

3.1. Dependencies

    POSIX shell (sh) and bunch of other standard POSIX tools are required
    to run the scripts. The configure script tries to find a POSIX
    compliant sh, but if it fails, you can force the shell by passing
    gl_cv_posix_shell=/path/to/posix-sh as an argument to the configure
    script.

    xzdiff (xzcmp/lzdiff/lzcmp) may use mktemp if it is available. As
    a fallback xzdiff will use mkdir to securely create a temporary
    directory. Having mktemp available is still recommended since the
    mkdir fallback method isn't as robust as mktemp is. The original
    mktemp can be found from <https://www.mktemp.org/>. On GNU, most will
    use the mktemp program from GNU coreutils instead of the original
    implementation. Both mktemp versions are fine.

    In addition to using xz to decompress .xz files, xzgrep and xzdiff
    use gzip, bzip2, and lzop to support .gz, bz2, and .lzo files.


3.2. PATH

    The method described below is supported by older xz releases.
    It is supported by the current version too, but the newer
    --enable-path-for-scripts=PREFIX described in section 2 may be
    more convenient.

    The scripts assume that the required tools (standard POSIX utilities,
    mktemp, and xz) are in PATH; the scripts don't set the PATH themselves
    (except as described for --enable-path-for-scripts=PREFIX). Some
    people like this while some think this is a bug. Those in the latter
    group can easily patch the scripts before running the configure script
    by taking advantage of a placeholder line in the scripts.

    For example, to make the scripts prefix /usr/bin:/bin to PATH:

        perl -pi -e 's|^#SET_PATH.*$|PATH=/usr/bin:/bin:\$PATH|' \
                src/scripts/xz*.in


4. Troubleshooting
------------------

4.1. "No C99 compiler was found."

    You need a C99 compiler to build XZ Utils. If the configure script
    cannot find a C99 compiler and you think you have such a compiler
    installed, set the compiler command by passing CC=/path/to/c99 as
    an argument to the configure script.

    If you get this error even when you think your compiler supports C99,
    you can override the test by passing ac_cv_prog_cc_c99= as an argument
    to the configure script. The test for C99 compiler is not perfect (and
    it is not as easy to make it perfect as it sounds), so sometimes this
    may be needed. You will get a compile error if your compiler doesn't
    support enough C99.


4.2. "No POSIX conforming shell (sh) was found."

    xzgrep and other scripts need a shell that (roughly) conforms
    to POSIX. The configure script tries to find such a shell. If
    it fails, you can force the shell to be used by passing
    gl_cv_posix_shell=/path/to/posix-sh as an argument to the configure
    script. Alternatively you can omit the installation of scripts and
    this error by passing --disable-scripts to configure.


4.3. configure works but build fails at crc32_x86.S

    The easy fix is to pass --disable-assembler to the configure script.

    The configure script determines if assembler code can be used by
    looking at the configure triplet; there is currently no check if
    the assembler code can actually actually be built. The x86 assembler
    code should work on x86 GNU/Linux, *BSDs, Solaris, Darwin, MinGW,
    Cygwin, and DJGPP. On other x86 systems, there may be problems and
    the assembler code may need to be disabled with the configure option.

    If you get this error when building for x86-64, you have specified or
    the configure script has misguessed your architecture. Pass the
    correct configure triplet using the --build=CPU-COMPANY-SYSTEM option
    (see INSTALL.generic).


4.4. Lots of warnings about symbol visibility

    On some systems where symbol visibility isn't supported, GCC may
    still accept the visibility options and attributes, which will make
    configure think that visibility is supported. This will result in
    many compiler warnings. You can avoid the warnings by forcing the
    visibility support off by passing gl_cv_cc_visibility=no as an
    argument to the configure script. This has no effect on the
    resulting binaries, but fewer warnings looks nicer and may allow
    using --enable-werror.


4.5. "make check" fails

    If the other tests pass but test_scripts.sh fails, then the problem
    is in the scripts in src/scripts. Comparing the contents of
    tests/xzgrep_test_output to tests/xzgrep_expected_output might
    give a good idea about problems in xzgrep. One possibility is that
    some tools are missing from the current PATH or the tools lack
    support for some POSIX features. This can happen at least on
    Solaris where the tools in /bin may be ancient but good enough
    tools are available in /usr/xpg4/bin or /usr/xpg6/bin. For possible
    fixes, see --enable-path-for-scripts=PREFIX in section 2 and the
    older alternative method described in section 3.2 of this file.

    If tests other than test_scripts.sh fail, a likely reason is that
    libtool links the test programs against an installed version of
    liblzma instead of the version that was just built. This is
    obviously a bug which seems to happen on some platforms.
    A workaround is to uninstall the old liblzma versions first.

    If the problem isn't any of those described above, then it's likely
    a bug in XZ Utils or in the compiler. See the platform-specific
    notes in this file for possible known problems. Please report
    a bug if you cannot solve the problem. See README for contact
    information.


4.6. liblzma.so (or similar) not found when running xz

    If you installed the package with "make install" and get an error
    about liblzma.so (or a similarly named file) being missing, try
    running "ldconfig" to update the run-time linker cache (if your
    operating system has such a command).